1.2 2012-05-30 AAO part_of NCBITaxon:8292 BILA BSPO CARO EHDAA EHDAA2 EMAPA EV FBbt part_of NCBITaxon:7227 FMA part_of NCBITaxon:9606 For more details, see http://uberon.org GO HAO part_of NCBITaxon:7399 MA part_of NCBITaxon:10088 MFO part_of NCBITaxon:8089 NIF_GrossAnatomy NIF_GrossAnatomy http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-GrossAnatomy.owl# OG OGES SPD part_of NCBITaxon:6893 TADS part_of NCBITaxon:6939 TAO part_of NCBITaxon:32443 TGMA part_of NCBITaxon:44484 VHOG VSAO WBbt part_of NCBITaxon:6237 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ XAO part_of NCBITaxon:8353 ZFA part_of NCBITaxon:7954 ncithesaurus uberon appendage segment number Examples: in dropsphila coxa=1, trochanter=2, femur=3, tibia=4, tarsal segments 1-5=5-9, pretarsus=10 appendage_segment_number repeated_element_number true uberon x appendage_segment_number N if and only if (i) x is a appendage_segment, and (ii) x is appendage_segment number N in a series of appendage_segments repeated along an proximo-distal axis, with appendage_segment_number 1 being the proximalmost appendage_segment (in tetrapods this would be the stylopod, as we do not classify girdles as appendage segments). UBERON:cjm x appendage_segment_number N if and only if (i) x is a appendage_segment, and (ii) x is appendage_segment number N in a series of appendage_segments repeated along an proximo-distal axis, with appendage_segment_number 1 being the proximalmost appendage_segment (in tetrapods this would be the stylopod, as we do not classify girdles as appendage segments). rhombomere number repeated_element_number rhombomere_number true uberon x rhombomere_number N if and only if (i) x is a rhombomere, and (ii) x is rhombomere number N in a series of rhombomeres repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with rhombomere_number 1 being the anteriormost rhombomere. UBERON:cjm x rhombomere_number N if and only if (i) x is a rhombomere, and (ii) x is rhombomere number N in a series of rhombomeres repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with rhombomere_number 1 being the anteriormost rhombomere. phalanx number phalanx_number repeated_element_number true uberon x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in the thumbs, where it has phalanx_number 2 UBERON:cjm x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in the thumbs, where it has phalanx_number 2 core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO developmental_classification derived from the union of EHDAA2 and EMAPA - still to be checked taxonomic disambiguation spatially_disjoint_from A is spatially_disjoint_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) non_overlapping_with shares_no_parts_with spatially_disjoint_from true true uberon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if they have no parts in common. SO:cjm term replaced by has_synonym_type database_cross_reference core classes typically found across metazoa. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new metazoan AO. Note this subset is not yet fully fleshed out A subset specifically created for the 2012 Phenotype RCN meeting. Includes some human-specific terms that may eventually be removed when they are adequately represented with part of relationships in FMA preceding element is preceding_element_is true uberon has_obo_namespace dubious or contested synonym subset_property classes that are defined by relative position counting from first in a series of elements along an axis in an individual organism rather than by strict homology A class which has a weakened disjointness axiom, to avoid inconsistency. These are kept separately in the uberon_disjoint_from_strict ontology. synonym_type_property present_in_taxon S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S applicable for taxon present_in_taxon true true uberon S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S UBERON:cjm treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass has_exact_synonym A grouping class that originates in two or more separate anatomical ontologies. Includes 'region of X' type terms Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes repeated_element number repeated_element_number true uberon homologous_to homologous_to true uberon indicates that a synonym is used in an inconsistent or confusing way, typically between species developmental term treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia has_narrow_synonym consider is count of is_count_of true uberon has_broad_synonym abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis never_in_taxon Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: ?X and (RO_0002162 some ?Y) RO:0002161 RO:0002161 S never_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only not T true true uberon PMID:20973947 S never_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only not T plural term somite number repeated_element_number somite_number true uberon x somite_number N if and only if (i) x is a somite, and (ii) x is somite number N in a series of somites repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with somite_number 1 being the anteriormost somite. UBERON:cjm x somite_number N if and only if (i) x is a somite, and (ii) x is somite number N in a series of somites repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with somite_number 1 being the anteriormost somite. shorthand organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements has_obo_format_version in_subset paired_appendage number paired_appendage_number repeated_element_number true uberon x paired_appendage_number N if and only if (i) x is a paired_appendage, and (ii) x is paired_appendage number N in a series of paired_appendages repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with paired_appendage_number 1 being the anteriormost paired_appendage. In vertebrates, this is the pectoral appendage UBERON:cjm x paired_appendage_number N if and only if (i) x is a paired_appendage, and (ii) x is paired_appendage number N in a series of paired_appendages repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with paired_appendage_number 1 being the anteriormost paired_appendage. In vertebrates, this is the pectoral appendage definition expand expression to Terms in this subset group together terms from different anatomy ontologies that have conflicting upper ontology/CARO assignments. For example, in FMA the naris is immaterial and in ZFA it is an organism subdivision. ray number The correct terminology is yet to be established; in tetrapods 'ray' might mean the mereological sum of the phalanges of a funger plus a metatarsal bone. ray_number repeated_element_number true uberon x ray_number N if and only if (i) x is a ray, and (ii) x is associated with ray number N in a series of phalanges repeated along a radio-ulnar or equivalent axis, with ray_number 1 being the anteriormost ray. UBERON:cjm x ray_number N if and only if (i) x is a ray, and (ii) x is associated with ray number N in a series of phalanges repeated along a radio-ulnar or equivalent axis, with ray_number 1 being the anteriormost ray. expand assertion to treat-xrefs-as-is_a has_alternative_id A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes. functional_classification Uberon slim - somewhat arbitrary subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms classes that have some inconsistency with FMA rib number repeated_element_number rib_number true uberon x rib_number N if and only if (i) x is a rib, and (ii) x is rib number N in a series of ribs repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with rib_number 1 being the anteriormost rib. UBERON:cjm x rib_number N if and only if (i) x is a rib, and (ii) x is rib number N in a series of ribs repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with rib_number 1 being the anteriormost rib. latin term treat-xrefs-as-equivalent expert consultation and attribution required somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads has_related_synonym a synonym made on the basis of a possibly homologous structure in another species dubious_for_taxon S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. dubious_for_taxon this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost true true uberon S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. UBERON:cjm cyclostome structures has_fused_element A single bone in one species may correspond to the fusion of two or more bones found as distinct elements in another. For example, tibiofibula has_fused_element tibia. A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B, rather than A has_part some B', where B' is not a subtype of B (because B is a distinct element but B' is a regional part) but has some evolutionary relationship to B. has_fused_element true true uberon x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat vertebra number repeated_element_number true uberon vertebra_number x vertebra_number N if and only if (i) x is a vertebra, and (ii) x is vertebra number N in a series of vertebras repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with vertebra_number 1 being the anteriormost vertebra (also known as the atlas). UBERON:cjm x vertebra_number N if and only if (i) x is a vertebra, and (ii) x is vertebra number N in a series of vertebras repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with vertebra_number 1 being the anteriormost vertebra (also known as the atlas). Indicates that subclasses in AOs may be inappropriately linked part_of BFO:0000050 note that all the uses of part_of in this ontology are for proper part of part_of part_of uberon has part BFO:0000051 has_part has_part uberon bearer of BFO BFO:0000053 bearer_of bearer_of realized by BFO BFO:0000054 realized_by realized_by participates in BFO BFO:0000056 participates_in participates_in preceded_by BFO:0000062 disjoint_from part_of, but this cannot be expressed in OWL2 preceded_by preceded_by uberon existence_starts_during BFO:0000068 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. begins_to_exist_during existence_starts_during existence_starts_during uberon Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. UBERON:cjm existence_ends_during BFO:0000069 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. ceases_to_exist_during existence_ends_during existence_ends_during todo - add full axioms to bfo uberon Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. UBERON:cjm anterior_to 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 anterior_to anterior_to cjm uberon x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer BSPO:cjm x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer distal_to BSPO:0000097 distal_to distal_to uberon x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:cjm x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). dorsal_to BSPO:0000098 dorsal_to dorsal_to uberon x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). posterior_to BSPO:0000099 caudal_to posterior_to posterior_to uberon x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. proximal_to BSPO:0000100 proximal_to proximal_to uberon x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:cjm x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. ventral_to BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). deep_to BSPO:0000107 Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. deep_to deep_to uberon BSPO:cjm Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. in_left_side_of BSPO:0000120 X left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. in_left_side_of in_left_side_of uberon BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. in_right_side_of BSPO:0000121 X right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. in_right_side_of in_right_side_of uberon BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. in_posterior_side_of BSPO:0000122 X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of uberon BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. in_anterior_side_of BSPO:0000123 X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of uberon BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. in_proximal_side_of BSPO:0000124 X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of uberon BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. in_distal_side_of BSPO:0000125 X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of uberon BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. immediately_deep_to BSPO:0001107 This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to uberon BSPO:cjm This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. continuous_with FMA:85972 continuous_with continuous_with sourced from FMA uberon supplies FMA:86003 arterial supply of relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood. source: FMA supplies supplies uberon FMA:86003 arterial supply of overlaps A overlaps B if they share some part in common. BFO_0000051 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 overlaps overlaps uberon only_in_taxon RO:0002160 S only_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only T only_in_taxon only_in_taxon uberon PMID:20973947 S only_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only T in taxon RO:0002162 in_taxon in_taxon uberon develops_from RO:0002202 develops_from develops_from uberon develops_into RO:0002203 develops_into develops_into uberon directly_develops_from RO:0002207 directly_develops_from directly_develops_from uberon capable_of RO:0002215 capable_of capable_of uberon adjacent_to RO:0002220 adjacent_to adjacent_to uberon x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary develops_from_part_of RO:0002225 develops_from_part_of develops_from_part_of uberon develops_in RO:0002226 develops_in develops_in uberon x develops_in y if x is located in x whilst x is developing. has developmental contribution from RO:0002254 has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from uberon developmentally_contributes_to RO:0002255 developmentally_contributes_to developmentally_contributes_to uberon developmentally_replaces RO:0002285 developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces uberon anterior_part_of X anterior_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the anterior boundary of Y anterior_part_of uberon UBERON:cjm X anterior_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the anterior boundary of Y anteriorly connected to anteriorly_connected_to uberon x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. true true UBERONREF:0000004 x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. attaches_to FMA:85990 attaches_to uberon branch_of FMA:85994 Source: FMA. Editor note: we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve branch_of uberon channel for carries channel_for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into uberon coincides_with Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. coincides_with coincides_with uberon Allen:starts Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. UBERON:cjm composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of uberon x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y connected to Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. Connection does not imply overlaps connected_to uberon Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. UBERONREF:0000004 connects Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. Editors note: this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) connects uberon Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. UBERONREF:0000004 contains contains uberon directly_preceded_by directly_preceded_by uberon distal_part_of X distal_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y distal_part_of uberon UBERON:cjm X distal_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y distally connected to distally_connected_to uberon x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. true true UBERONREF:0000004 x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. encloses encloses uberon x encloses y iff the convex hull formed by x contains all or the majority of y. UBERON:cjm x encloses y iff the convex hull formed by x contains all or the majority of y. existence_ends_at c existence_ends_at e iff c exists_at e and not ( exists e2 : c exists_at e2 and e before e2). existence_ends_at uberon UBERON:cjm c existence_ends_at e iff c exists_at e and not ( exists e2 : c exists_at e2 and e before e2). existence_ends_before Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist before s. existence_ends_before uberon Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist before s. UBERON:cjm existence_ends_with Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. existence_ends_with uberon Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. UBERON:cjm existence_starts_after Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing after some s has completed. disjoint_from existence_starts_during (but this cannot be expressed in OWL2) existence_starts_after uberon Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing after some s has completed. UBERON:cjm existence_starts_and_ends_during existence_starts_and_ends_during uberon existence_starts_at c existence_starts_at e iff c exists_at e and not ( exists e2 : c exists_at e2 and e2 before e) existence_starts_at uberon UBERON:cjm c existence_starts_at e iff c exists_at e and not ( exists e2 : c exists_at e2 and e2 before e) existence_starts_or_ends_during existence_starts_or_ends_during uberon existence_starts_with Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. existence_starts_with uberon Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. UBERON:cjm exists_during exists_during uberon finishes Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. finishes uberon Allen:starts Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. UBERON:cjm ZFS:finishes has_anterior_part has_anterior_part uberon has_distal_part has_distal_part uberon has_end has_end uberon has_function_in has_function_in uberon has_muscle_antagonist has_muscle_antagonist m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. uberon Wikipedia:Antagonist_(muscle) m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. has_muscle_insertion has_muscle_insertion m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. uberon Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. has_muscle_nerve FMA:85999 has_muscle_nerve uberon has_muscle_origin has_muscle_origin m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. uberon Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)#Muscles m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. has_posterior_part has_posterior_part uberon has_proximal_part has_proximal_part uberon has_quality c has_quality q iff: q inheres_in c and q is a quality. has_quality uberon has_start has_start uberon in_deep_part_of in_deep_part_of uberon in_superficial_part_of in_superficial_part_of uberon induced_by induced_by sources for induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. uberon GO:0001759 t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. location_of 2009-07-30T10:22:21Z cjm location_of uberon output_of output_of uberon posterior_part_of X posterior_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the posterior boundary of Y posterior_part_of uberon UBERON:cjm X posterior_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the posterior boundary of Y proximal_part_of X proximal_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y proximal_part_of uberon UBERON:cjm X proximal_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y proximally connected to proximally_connected_to uberon x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. true true UBERONREF:0000004 x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. secreted_by secreted_by uberon secretes secretes uberon site_of C site_of P iff exists species S such that P occurs_in C for all members of S. Example: bursa of Fabricius site_of B-cell differentiation. site_of uberon C site_of P iff exists species S such that P occurs_in C for all members of S. Example: bursa of Fabricius site_of B-cell differentiation. GOC:cjm start_of start_of uberon starts Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. starts uberon Allen:starts Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. UBERON:cjm ZFS:starts subdivision of subdivision_of uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by uberon x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y UBERON:cjm x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y surrounds inverse of surrounded_by surrounds uberon UBERON:cjm inverse of surrounded_by transitively anteriorly connected to . transitively_anteriorly_connected_to uberon . UBERONREF:0000004 transitively_connected to transitively_connected_to uberon transitively proximally connected to . transitively_proximally_connected_to uberon . UBERONREF:0000004 tributary_of taken from the FMA tributary_of uberon processual entity 2009-04-09T05:51:24Z An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. UBERON:0000000 cjm uberon An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. span:ProcessualEntity uterine cervix BTO:0001421 EFO:0000979 EMAPA:29927 EV:0100114 FMA:17740 GAID:376 Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. MA:0000392 MAT:0000292 MESH:A.05.360.319.679.256 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245494008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies. UBERON:0000002 VHOG:0001359 canalis cervicis uteri cervical canal cervical canal of uterus cervix cervix of uterus cervix uteri ncithesaurus:Cervix neck of uterus uberon uterine cervix Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. Wikipedia:Cervix FMA FMA:17740 FMA:TA canalis cervicis uteri EMAPA:29927 cervix uteri naris AAO:0000311 EHDAA2:0001225 EHDAA:9083 EMAPA:17847 MA:0000282 Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH]. SCTID:272650008 UBERON:0000003 VHOG:0000663 consistency notes: we have classified this as an orifice, according to FMA. Note that in FMA, orifices are immaterial entities, but in ZFA this is a surface structure. Taxon notes: in actinopterygians, both pairs of nares are external. In tetrapods, the exhalant empties into the buccal cavity galen:Naris uberon ZFA Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH]. UBERON:MAH FMA olfactory apparatus BTO:0000840 EFO:0000828 EHDAA2:0001274 EHDAA:1502 EMAPA:16542 EV:0100037 EV:0100370 FMA:46472 GAID:77 MA:0000281 MAT:0000139 MESH:A.01.456.505.733 MIAA:0000139 Nasus OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181195007 TAO:0000047 TODO - distinguish generic olfactory apparatus from nose; we have olfactory organ for the generic organ - add new class 'olfactory structure'? UBERON:0000004 ZFA:0000047 a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity). galen:Nose nasal sac ncithesaurus:Nose nose peripheral olfactory organ proboscis uberon ZFA:0000047 nasal sac Nasus Wikipedia:Nose Wikipedia:Nose a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity). chemosensory organ FBbt:00005157 UBERON:0000005 chemosensory sensory organ uberon FBbt:00005157 chemosensory sensory organ islet of Langerhans A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986)[PMID:16417468] AAO:0010406 BTO:0000991 EFO:0000856 EMAPA:19246 EMAPA:19247 EMAPA:19248 EV:0100130 FMA:16016 GAID:324 MA:0000127 MAT:0000076 MESH:A.03.734.414 MIAA:0000076 Regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells. UBERON:0000006 VHOG:0000646 XAO:0000159 island of Langerhans island of pancreas islets of langerhans ncithesaurus:Islet_of_Langerhans pancreatic insula pancreatic islet uberon BTO:0000991 island of Langerhans Regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells. Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans BTO:0000991 island of pancreas pituitary gland AAO:0010536 BM:Die-Hy-HY BTO:0001073 EFO:0000857 EHDAA2:0001471 EHDAA:2183 EHDAA:4477 EMAPA:16647 EMAPA:16898 EV:0100132 FMA:13889 GAID:457 MA:0000176 MAT:0000077 MESH:A.06.407.747 MIAA:0000077 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1353 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6NQYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181125003 TAO:0000118 Taxon notes: The lamprey possesses a distinct pituitary organ and hormones, the ascidian does not show distinct evidence of them [Sower S, Freamat M, Kavanaugh S. The origins of the vertebrate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) endocrine systems: new insights from lampreys. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009;161:20-9] The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN]. UBERON:0000007 VHOG:0000143 XAO:0000017 ZFA:0000118 glandula pituitaria http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray1180.png/200px-Gray1180.png hypophysis hypophysis cerebri hypophysis, glandula pituitaria ncithesaurus:Pituitary_Gland pituitary pituitary body uberon Wikipedia BTO:0001073 pituitary Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland hypophysis, glandula pituitaria ZFA BTO:0001073 glandula pituitaria MA:0000176 hypophysis cerebri BTO:0001073 pituitary body ZFA:0000118 hypophysis The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN]. Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland ZFIN:curator submucosa A layer of dense irregular connective tissue in the gastrointestinal tract that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle). [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002107 FMA:85391 FMA:85392 UBERON:0000009 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png ncithesaurus:Submucosa organ submucosa region of submucosa see comments re FMA for mucosa submucosa of organ submucosa of region of organ submucous layer tela submucosa uberon FMA:85392 submucosa of region of organ A layer of dense irregular connective tissue in the gastrointestinal tract that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submucosa FMA:85391 organ submucosa FMA:85392 region of submucosa FMA:85391 submucosa of organ BTO:0002107 tela submucosa BTO:0002107 submucous layer peripheral nervous system AAO:0000429 BILA:0000081 BTO:0001028 EFO:0000891 EHDAA2:0001445 EHDAA:2893 EMAPA:16665 EMAPA:18370 EV:0100335 FBbt:00005098 FMA:9903 GAID:715 MA:0000218 MAT:0000338 MESH:A.08.800 MIAA:0000338 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1111 Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system PNS SCTID:362292005 TAO:0000142 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000010 VHOG:0000399 XAO:0000178 ZFA:0000142 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png/200px-Nervous_system_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nervous_System pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum uberon Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum FB:gg Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system OMD:peripheral+nervous+system Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system ZFIN:curator parasympathetic nervous system AAO:0010488 BTO:0001833 Development notes: has developmental contribution from NC in verteberates (UBERONREF:0000002) EFO:0000894 EHDA:10096 EHDAA2:0001402 EHDAA:4655 EMAPA:17270 FMA:9907 GAID:708 MA:0000223 MAT:0000101 MESH:A.08.800.050.600 MIAA:0000101 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2517 PNS - parasympathetic SCTID:362496006 TAO:0001575 The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is a division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), along with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). The ANS is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ANS sends fibers to three tissues: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glandular tissue. This stimulation, sympathetic or parasympathetic, is to control smooth muscle contraction, regulate cardiac muscle, or stimulate or inhibit glandular secretion [Wikipedia]. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia [GO]. UBERON:0000011 VHOG:0000755 ZFA:0001575 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png ncithesaurus:Parasympathetic_Nervous_System parasympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi uberon FMA:9907 FMA:TA pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is a division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), along with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). The ANS is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ANS sends fibers to three tissues: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glandular tissue. This stimulation, sympathetic or parasympathetic, is to control smooth muscle contraction, regulate cardiac muscle, or stimulate or inhibit glandular secretion [Wikipedia]. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia [GO]. Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_nervous_system Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_nervous_system pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi somatic nervous system EFO:0000892 EFO:0000898 FMA:9904 MA:0002850 MAT:0000099 MAT:0000342 MIAA:0000099 MIAA:0000342 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100301 PNS - somatic The part of the peripheral nervous system consisting of efferent nerves responsible for stimulating muscle contraction, including all the neurons connected with skeletal muscles, skin, and sense organs[WP, modified]. UBERON:0000012 WBbt:0005760 somatic nervous system, somatic division somatic peripheral nervous system uberon The part of the peripheral nervous system consisting of efferent nerves responsible for stimulating muscle contraction, including all the neurons connected with skeletal muscles, skin, and sense organs[WP, modified]. Wikipedia:Somatic_nervous_system NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100301 somatic peripheral nervous system NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100301 somatic nervous system, somatic division sympathetic nervous system AAO:0010487 BTO:0001832 Development notes: has developmental contribution from NC in verteberates (UBERONREF:0000002) EFO:0000893 EHDAA2:0001971 EHDAA:3769 EMAPA:16985 FMA:9906 GAID:710 MA:0000225 MESH:A.08.800.050.800 MIAA:0000100 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2516 SCTID:362484004 TAO:0001576 The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) is a branch of the autonomic nervous system along with the enteric nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. It is always active at a basal level (called sympathetic tone) and becomes more active during times of stress. Its actions during the stress response comprise the fight-or-flight response [Wikipedia]. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. UBERON:0000013 VHOG:0000384 ZFA:0001576 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Nervous_System pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi sympathetic nervous system sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system uberon FMA:9906 FMA:TA pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) is a branch of the autonomic nervous system along with the enteric nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. It is always active at a basal level (called sympathetic tone) and becomes more active during times of stress. Its actions during the stress response comprise the fight-or-flight response [Wikipedia]. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system zone of skin A sub-region of the skin. Note the distinct between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee EHDAA2:0001844 EHDAA:6530 EV:0100152 FMA:86166 GAID:933 MA:0000151 MAT:0000284 MESH:A.17.815 MIAA:0000284 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:20795001 UBERON:0000014 VHOG:0000860 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone uberon we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive A sub-region of the skin. Note the distinct between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee GOC:cjm Wikipedia:Skin MA:0000151 skin anatomical boundary AEO:0000192 FMA:50705 Structural anatomical relation which holds between each anatomical entity of one to three dimensions and some immaterial anatomical entity of one lower dimension such that the latter demarcates (delimits) the former from its neighborhood. UBERON:0000015 anatomical boundary entity uberon FMA:50705 anatomical boundary entity FMA:256502 Structural anatomical relation which holds between each anatomical entity of one to three dimensions and some immaterial anatomical entity of one lower dimension such that the latter demarcates (delimits) the former from its neighborhood. endocrine pancreas BTO:0000650 EV:0100129 Editor notes - endocrine and exocrine pancrease are no co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys [PMID:20959416] - create a separate class for these? FMA:16018 MA:0001582 MESH:A.03.734.414 SCTID:361339003 TAO:0001260 The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin[GO]. UBERON:0000016 VHOG:0000049 ZFA:0001260 endocrine pancreas endocrine part of pancreas islets of Langerhans ncithesaurus:Endocrine_Pancreas pars endocrina pancreatis uberon BTO:0000650 endocrine part of pancreas GOC:GO The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin[GO]. Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans exocrine pancreas AAO:0010407 BTO:0000434 EV:0100093 FMA:16017 MA:0002415 SCTID:248202004 TAO:0001249 The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion. UBERON:0000017 VHOG:0000048 XAO:0000137 ZFA:0001249 exocrine pancreas exocrine part of pancreas ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Pancreas pars exocrina pancreatis uberon BTO:0000434 exocrine part of pancreas GOC:GO The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion. Wikipedia:Exocrine_component_of_pancreas compound eye A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia BTO:0001921 FBbt:00004508 Facettenauge HAO:0000217 Komplexauge TGMA:0000024 UBERON:0000018 adult compound eye insect eye uberon zusammengesetztes Auge BTO:0001921 Komplexauge A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia FB:gg Wikipedia:Compound_eye BTO:0001921 Facettenauge BTO:0001921 zusammengesetztes Auge camera-type eye AAO:0010340 AO notes: FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ). MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this BTO:0004688 EHDAA2:0000484 EHDAA:936 EMAPA:16198 FMA:54448 MA:0000261 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1169 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181143004 TAO:0000107 The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field[GO]. The eye contains the following parts (when they are present in the organism): the eyeball (eye proper), the lacrimal apparatus, the conjuctival, the eyelid // UBERON:0000019 UBERON:FMA_12513-MIAA_0000283-XAO_0000181 VHOG:0000275 XAO:0000179 ZFA:0000107 camera-type eye plus associated structures eye ncithesaurus:Eye orbital part of face orbital region regio orbitalis uberon vertebrate eye UBERONREF:0000002 FMA:54448 orbital region definitional FMA:54448 FMA:TA regio orbitalis FMA:54448 eye FMA:54448 orbital part of face GO:0043010 The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field[GO]. The eye contains the following parts (when they are present in the organism): the eyeball (eye proper), the lacrimal apparatus, the conjuctival, the eyelid // UBERON:cjm sense organ AEO:0000094 An organ that is part of a sense organ system. BTO:0000202 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:16192 FBbt:00005155 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:A.09 SCTID:244485009 Sinnesorgan This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000020 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray722.png/200px-Gray722.png organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensillum sensor sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ uberon OBOL:automatic sensory system organ An organ that is part of a sense organ system. Wikipedia:Sense_organ WBbt:0006929 sensillum OBOL:automatic organ of sensory organ system OBOL:automatic organ of sensory system OBOL:automatic organ of sense organ system OBOL:automatic sense organ system organ BTO:0000202 Sinnesorgan OBOL:automatic sensory organ system organ cutaneous appendage Appendage that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail (FMA); feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, scale(?), antler, bristle. Editors note: Mammary glands develop by similar mechanisms, and there is an argument for including them here (e.g. PMID:20484386), but these structures do not fit the current definition. TODO: revise after definition of appendage is finalized in CARO2; in addition, verify subtypes w.r.t definition - e.g. beaks may overlap with skin of body rather than being part of it - rhamphotheca may be more appropriate FMA:71012 SCTID:276160000 UBERON:0000021 epidermal appendage epidermal growth skin appendage uberon FMA:71012 skin appendage Appendage that protrudes from the skin. UBERON:cjm feather BTO:0000447 EFO:0000955 GAID:1214 MAT:0000156 MESH:A.13.370 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjW-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:410027006 They are among the characteristics that distinguish the extant Aves from other living groups. Feathers have also been noticed in those Theropoda which have been termed feathered dinosaurs. Although feathers cover most parts of the body of birds, they arise only from certain well-defined tracts on the skin. They aid in flight, thermal insulation, waterproofing and coloration that helps in communication and protection UBERON:0000022 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Parts_of_feather_modified.jpg one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. The β-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are composed of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into β-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and crosslinked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof. The exact signals that induce the growth of feathers on the skin are not known but it has been found that the transcription factor cDermo-1 induces the growth of feathers on skin and scales on the leg. uberon Wikipedia:Feather one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. The β-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are composed of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into β-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and crosslinked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof. The exact signals that induce the growth of feathers on the skin are not known but it has been found that the transcription factor cDermo-1 induces the growth of feathers on skin and scales on the leg. wing Appendage that is used to produce lift for flight through the air. BTO:0001463 EFO:0000885 GAID:1217 MAT:0000202 MESH:A.13.395.823 MIAA:0000202 This class is not monophyletic. See also: GO:0007629 UBERON:0000023 uberon Appendage that is used to produce lift for flight through the air. Wikipedia:Wing forelimb wing Examples: bat wing, bird wing Forelimb that is used to produce lift for flight through the air. UBERON:0000024 uberon tube Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system UBERON:0000025 epithelial or endothelial tube galen:Tube uberon Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system GO:0035295 PMID:12526790 appendage AEO:0000193 BILA:0000018 CARO:0010003 EFO:0000799 EHDAA2:0003193 EV:0100155 FBbt:00007000 GO includes tree trunks, but excludes antennae. We modify trunk to body in our definition. Note this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers HAO:0000144 MAT:0000023 MIAA:0000023 Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS]. Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified]. An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA]. OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000026 VSAO:0000075 XAO:0000218 limbs/digits/tail ncithesaurus:Appendage uberon BILA:0000018 GO:0048736 Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS]. Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified]. An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA]. Wikipedia:Appendage MP:0000001 limbs/digits/tail lymph node BTO:0000784 EFO:0000872 EV:0100050 FMA:5034 GAID:947 MA:0000139 MAT:0000442 MESH:A.15.382.520.604.412 OpenCyc:Mx4rwLPqLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are garrisons of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as filters or traps for foreign particles. They contain white blood cells that use oxygen to process. Thus they are important in the proper functioning of the immune system. The lymph node is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, and inside the lymph node the fibrous capsule extends to form trabeculae. The substance of the lymph node is divided into the outer cortex and the inner medulla surrounded by the former all around except for at the hilum, where the medulla comes in direct contact with the surface. Thin reticular fibers, elastin and reticular fibers form a supporting meshwork called reticular network (RN) inside the node, within which the white blood cells (WBCs), most prominently, lymphocytes are tightly packed as follicles in the cortex. Elsewhere, there are only occasional WBCs. The RN provides not just the structural support, but also provide surface for adhesion of the dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. It allows for exchange of material with blood through the high endothelial venules and provides the growth and regulatory factors necessary for activation and maturation of immune cells[WP]. SCTID:181756000 TAO:0005318 UBERON:0000029 VHOG:0001273 ZFA:0005318 galen:Lymphnode ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node nodus lymphaticus uberon Wikipedia:Lymph_node nodus lymphaticus GAID:947 Oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are garrisons of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as filters or traps for foreign particles. They contain white blood cells that use oxygen to process. Thus they are important in the proper functioning of the immune system. The lymph node is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, and inside the lymph node the fibrous capsule extends to form trabeculae. The substance of the lymph node is divided into the outer cortex and the inner medulla surrounded by the former all around except for at the hilum, where the medulla comes in direct contact with the surface. Thin reticular fibers, elastin and reticular fibers form a supporting meshwork called reticular network (RN) inside the node, within which the white blood cells (WBCs), most prominently, lymphocytes are tightly packed as follicles in the cortex. Elsewhere, there are only occasional WBCs. The RN provides not just the structural support, but also provide surface for adhesion of the dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. It allows for exchange of material with blood through the high endothelial venules and provides the growth and regulatory factors necessary for activation and maturation of immune cells[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymph_node lamina propria A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. BTO:0002330 FMA:62517 SCTID:298225002 UBERON:0000030 lamina propria mucosa lamina propria mucosae ncithesaurus:Lamina_Propria tunica propria uberon BTO:0002330 tunica propria A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. Wikipedia:Lamina_of_the_vertebral_arch_propria lamina propria of trachea MA:0001858 UBERON:0000031 lamina propria mucosa of trachea lamina propria mucosa of windpipe lamina propria mucosae of trachea lamina propria mucosae of windpipe lamina propria of windpipe ncithesaurus:Trachea_Lamina_Propria trachea lamina propria trachea lamina propria mucosa trachea lamina propria mucosae tracheal lamina propria uberon windpipe lamina propria windpipe lamina propria mucosa windpipe lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic trachea lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic windpipe lamina propria OBOL:automatic trachea lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of windpipe OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic windpipe lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic windpipe lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of trachea OBOL:automatic lamina propria of windpipe cranial structure UBERON:0000032 skeletal element that is part of a cranium. uberon UBERON:automatic skeletal element that is part of a cranium. head AAO:0010335 AEO:0000106 BILA:0000115 BTO:0000282 EFO:0000964 EHDAA2:0003106 FBbt:00000004 FMA:7154 GAID:61 HAO:0000397 MA:0000023 MAT:0000294 MESH:A.01.456 MIAA:0000294 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1230 OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302548004 SPD:0000016 TAO:0001114 TGMA:0000002 The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. UBERON:0000033 UBERON:FBbt_00000004-FBbt_00003007-FMA_46565-FMA_7154-FMA_87596-MA_0000023-MA_0000316-MIAA_0000017-MIAA_0000149-MIAA_0000294-MIAA_0000340-WBbt_0005739-XAO_0003024-ZFA_0000737-ZFA_0001114 WBbt:0005739 XAO:0003024 ZFA:0001114 adult head cephalic area galen:Head head (volume) ncithesaurus:Head uberon GO:0060322 The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. Wikipedia:Head FMA:7154 head (volume) SPD:0000016 cephalic area primary ovarian follicle BTO:0000410 EMAPA:19284 FMA:18634 MA:0002907 SCTID:258665002 UBERON:0000035 folliculus ovaricus primarius ovary primary follicle preantral follicle of ovary primary egg follicle primary follicle of ovary uberon FMA:18634 primary follicle of ovary MA:0002907 ovary primary follicle secondary ovarian follicle EMAPA:29862 FMA:18637 MA:0002908 MA:0002909 UBERON:0000036 antral follice antral follicle of ovary antral ovarian follice folliculus ovaricus secondarius ovary antral follicle ovary secondary follicle secondary egg follicle secondary follicle of ovary uberon MA:0002909 ovary antral follicle GO:0001547 antral ovarian follice MA:0002908 ovary secondary follicle GO:0001547 antral follice tertiary ovarian follicle EMAPA:30763 FMA:18641 Graafian follicle Ovarian follicle is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (i. e, once a month). [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:362261008 UBERON:0000037 folliculi ovarici vesiculosi folliculus ovaricus tertiarius folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculosus) folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculous) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Primary_follicle-4.JPG/200px-Primary_follicle-4.JPG ncithesaurus:Graafian_Follicle tertiary egg follicle tertiary follicle of ovary uberon vesicular follicle of ovary vesicular ovarian follicle FMA:18641 vesicular ovarian follicle Ovarian follicle is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (i. e, once a month). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Graafian_follicle FMA:18641 vesicular follicle of ovary FMA:18641 folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculosus) FMA:18641 tertiary follicle of ovary FMA:18641 FMA:TA folliculi ovarici vesiculosi follicular fluid BTO:0004383 FMA:18665 Follicular fluid is a liquid which fills the follicular antrum and surrounds the ovum in an ovarian follicle. This fluid is rich in hyaluronic acid. GAID:372 MA:0002511 MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.535.150 The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle ( OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes. UBERON:0000038 antral fluid, ovarian follicle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray3.png/200px-Gray3.png liquor follicularis liquor folliculi liquor folliculi ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Follicle_Fluid ovarian follicular fluid ovary follicle fluid ovary follicular fluid uberon MESH:D015571 The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle ( OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes. Wikipedia:Follicular_fluid Wikipedia:Follicular_fluid liquor folliculi BTO:0004383 ovary follicular fluid BTO:0004383 ovarian follicular fluid FMA:18665 liquor follicularis MA:0002511 ovary follicle fluid follicular antrum FMA:18675 Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid. UBERON:0000039 antral cavity antrum folliculare antrum follicularum uberon FMA:18675 antral cavity Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid. Wikipedia:Follicular_antrum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_antrum FMA:18675 antrum folliculare Wikipedia:Follicular_antrum antrum follicularum Leydig's organ A hemopoietic organ found in elasmobranchs. Along with the spleen and special tissue around the gonads, this structure produces red blood cells and it is nestled along the top and bottom of the esophagus. Taxon notes: Found in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) but with some exceptions. Phenotype notes: Leydig's organ can be quite large - a 1.6-kilogram (3.5-pound) one was reported from a 1.8-metre (6-foot) long Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus). Structure notes: divided into dorsal and ventral patches, gradation varies between species. Lacks erythroblasts and fat cells[Honma 1983] UBERON:0000040 uberon A hemopoietic organ found in elasmobranchs. Along with the spleen and special tissue around the gonads, this structure produces red blood cells and it is nestled along the top and bottom of the esophagus. Wikipedia:Leydig's_organ http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/p_blood_cells.htm dermal denticle Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis[VSAO]. small outgrowths which cover the skin of many cartilaginous fish including sharks. They are similar in structure to teeth, and teeth may have evolved from denticle-like structures in primitive fish.[citation needed] The placoid scales in sharks are formed of dentine with dermal papillae located in the core. These scales develop from the dermal layer of the skin, which is in contrast to the epidermal development seen the in the elasmoid scales of tetrapods. The shape of denticle varies from species to species and can be used in identification. Studies have found that the denticles create tiny vortices that reduce drag to make swimming more efficient. Denticles also allow sharks to swim silently compared to other fish that generate considerable noise when they ply the water[WP]. TODO check dentin def // Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. UBERON:0000041 VSAO:0000079 placoid scale uberon Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis[VSAO]. small outgrowths which cover the skin of many cartilaginous fish including sharks. They are similar in structure to teeth, and teeth may have evolved from denticle-like structures in primitive fish.[citation needed] The placoid scales in sharks are formed of dentine with dermal papillae located in the core. These scales develop from the dermal layer of the skin, which is in contrast to the epidermal development seen the in the elasmoid scales of tetrapods. The shape of denticle varies from species to species and can be used in identification. Studies have found that the denticles create tiny vortices that reduce drag to make swimming more efficient. Denticles also allow sharks to swim silently compared to other fish that generate considerable noise when they ply the water[WP]. VSAO:0000079 Wikipedia:Dermal_denticle serous membrane FMA:45637 FMA:9581 GAID:19 MESH:A.10.615.789 SCTID:362878009 TAO:0005425 TODO - add generic membrane parent? TODO - split into serosa and serous membrane? UBERON:0000042 ZFA:0005425 a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png ncithesaurus:Serosa serosa tunica serosa tunica seroso uberon wall of serous sac Wikipedia:Serous_membrane tunica seroso Wikipedia FMA:9581 wall of serous sac FMA:9581 tunica serosa Wikipedia:Serosa Wikipedia:Serous_membrane a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP]. tendon A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments except that ligaments join one bone to another. Tendons and muscles work together and can only exert a pulling force. AEO:0000091 BTO:0001356 EFO:0000952 EHDAA2:0003091 EMAPA:25053 EV:0100149 FMA:9721 GAID:276 MA:0000115 MESH:A.02.880 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:256667004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000043 VHOG:0001286 VSAO:0000073 XAO:0000173 galen:Tendon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg/200px-Achilles-tendon.jpg ncithesaurus:Tendon sinew tendo uberon Wikipedia:Tendon tendo A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments except that ligaments join one bone to another. Tendons and muscles work together and can only exert a pulling force. BTO:0000421 OMD:connective+tissue OMD:tendon Wikipedia:Tendon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon Wikipedia:Tendon sinew MA OG dorsal root ganglion AAO:0011032 BTO:0001264 DRG Development notes: The sensory ganglia of spinal nerves arise only from the neural crest, whereas many sensory ganglia of the “dorsal” cranial nerves arise from epibranchial placodes as well as the neural crest[doi: 10.1093/icb/icn065]. Other ontology notes: FMA treats dorsal root ganglion and spinal ganglion as equivalent labels. MA is the only ontology to introduce two classes here (also EHDAA2) EFO:0000900 EHDAA2:0000418 EHDAA2:0001897 EHDAA:2899 EMAPA:16668 EMAPA:18372 EV:0100373 FMA:5888 MA:0000231 MA:0000232 MAT:0000162 MIAA:0000162 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2596 SCTID:244455004 TAO:0000200 UBERON:0000044 VHOG:0000222 XAO:0000210 ZFA:0000200 dorsal root ganglia dorsal root ganglion ganglion of dorsal root ganglion on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve that is one of a series of ganglia lodging cell bodies of sensory neurons[BTO]. Trunk ganglion which is located adjacent to the spine on a dorsal root and contains the cell bodies of afferent sensory nerves[..]. one on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve[TFD]. ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis ganglion spinale ganglion spinalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg/200px-DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Root_Ganglion spinal ganglion uberon OBOL:automatic ganglion of dorsal root FMA:5888 ganglion spinalis Wikipedia:Dorsal_root_ganglion ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis BTO:0001264 ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis MA BTO:0001264 dorsal root ganglion FMA:5888 spinal ganglion Wikipedia:Dorsal_root_ganglion ganglion on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve that is one of a series of ganglia lodging cell bodies of sensory neurons[BTO]. Trunk ganglion which is located adjacent to the spine on a dorsal root and contains the cell bodies of afferent sensory nerves[..]. one on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve[TFD]. UBERONREF:0000002 ZFA BTO:0001264 ganglion spinale dorsal root ganglia ganglion A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. AAO:0010426 AEO:0000135 BTO:0000497 EFO:0000899 EHDAA2:0003135 EHDAA:2897 EHDAA:4662 EHDAA:5621 EHDAA:918 EV:0100372 FBbt:00005137 FMA:5884 MA:0002406 MAT:0000207 MAT:0000343 MESH:A.08.340 MIAA:0000207 MIAA:0000343 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100302 TAO:0000190 TGMA:0001016 TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. // Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com). UBERON:0000045 UBERON:FBbt_00005137-FMA_5884-FMA_5888-MA_0000232-MA_0002406-MIAA_0000162-MIAA_0000207-MIAA_0000343-WBbt_0005189-XAO_0000209-XAO_0000210-ZFA_0000190-ZFA_0000200 VHOG:0000156 WBbt:0005189 XAO:0000209 ZFA:0000190 ganglia ncithesaurus:Ganglion neural ganglion uberon definitional A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. Wikipedia:Ganglion EHDAA2 BTO:0000497 neural ganglion stemma UBERON:0000046 eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light pit eye uberon Wikipedia:Eye#Pit_eyes Wikipedia:Stemma eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light Wikipedia:Eye#Pit_eyes pit eye simple eye An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. TGMA:0000729 UBERON:0000047 uberon An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. Wikipedia:Eye#Simple_eyes pinhole eye Simple eye that has a small aperture (which may be adjustable) and deep pit. It is only found in the nautiloids. UBERON:0000048 uberon DOI:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000245 Simple eye that has a small aperture (which may be adjustable) and deep pit. It is only found in the nautiloids. Wikipedia:Pinhole_eye spherical lensed eye UBERON:0000049 simple eye that consists of a lens of one refractive index uberon Wikipepedia:Eye#Spherical_lensed_eye simple eye that consists of a lens of one refractive index simple eye with multiple lenses UBERON:0000050 simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope uberon Wikipedia:Eye#Multiple_lenses simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope fornix of vagina FMA:19985 SCTID:245475003 There are three named fornices: The posterior fornix is the larger recess, behind the cervix. It is close to the rectouterine pouch. There are two smaller recesses in front and at the sides: the anterior fornix is close to the vesicouterine pouch. the lateral fornix[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000051 fornix fornix vaginae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Vaginal_Fornix uberon vaginal fornix There are three named fornices: The posterior fornix is the larger recess, behind the cervix. It is close to the rectouterine pouch. There are two smaller recesses in front and at the sides: the anterior fornix is close to the vesicouterine pouch. the lateral fornix[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vaginal_fornix_of_brain_vaginae FMA:19985 FMA:TA fornix vaginae fornix of brain FMA:83865 MA:0002747 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_705 The fornix (Latin, 'vault' or 'arch') is a C-shaped bundle of fibres in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000052 brain fornix cerebral fornix fornix fornix of neuraxis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray747.png/200px-Gray747.png ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Fornix neuraxis fornix uberon The fornix (Latin, 'vault' or 'arch') is a C-shaped bundle of fibres in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vaginal_fornix_of_brain_of_brain FMA:83865 fornix of neuraxis FMA:83865 neuraxis fornix macula lutea BTO:0003015 EV:0100349 FMA:58637 GAID:909 MA:0001306 MESH:A.09.371.729.522 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2540 Oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells. Near its center is the fovea, a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells in the eye and is responsible for central vision, and also contains the parafovea and perifovea[WP]. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) SCTID:362517001 UBERON:0000053 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png/200px-Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png macula macula flava retinae macula retinae maculae ncithesaurus:Macula uberon MESH:A.09.371.729.522 Oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells. Near its center is the fovea, a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells in the eye and is responsible for central vision, and also contains the parafovea and perifovea[WP]. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) Wikipedia:Macula_of_retina BTO:0003015 macula retinae BTO:0003015 macula flava retinae macula GAID:777 Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. TAO:0000386 UBERON:0000054 ZFA:0000386 macula maculae sensory macula sensory patch uberon maculae ZFA:0000386 sensory macula Macula_of_saccule Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. ZFIN:curator ZFA:0000386 sensory patch vessel A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. UBERON:0000055 compare with UBERON:0008782 uberon A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. UBERON:cjm ureter AAO:0010254 BTO:0001409 EFO:0000930 EHDAA2:0002139 EHDAA:9341 EMAPA:17950 EV:0100097 FMA:9704 GAID:438 MA:0000378 MAT:0000120 MESH:A.05.810.776 MIAA:0000120 Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. In humans, organ with organ cavity which connects the renal sinus to the urinary bladder. Examples: the right and the left ureters. OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302511008 UBERON:0000056 VHOG:0000605 XAO:0000144 galen:Ureter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_system.svg/200px-Urinary_system.svg.png metanephric duct ncithesaurus:Ureter uberon GO MA:0000378 FMA ISBN10:0073040584 VHOG:0000605 metanephric duct FMA:9704 GO:0090189 Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. In humans, organ with organ cavity which connects the renal sinus to the urinary bladder. Examples: the right and the left ureters. Wikipedia:Ureter urethra A tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. BTO:0001426 EFO:0000931 EMAPA:30901 EV:0100099 FMA:19667 GAID:390 MA:0000379 MAT:0000121 MESH:A.05.360.444.492.726 MIAA:0000121 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302513006 UBERON:0000057 VHOG:0001264 XAO:0000153 galen:Urethra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Urethra uberon Wikipedia A tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. Wikipedia:Urethra duct A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA]. FMA:30320 TAO:0005171 TODO - make distinctions between duct and tube clearer. Single layer of cells vs multiples? Function (e.g. exocrine gland duct?). Different ontologies use it in different ways UBERON:0000058 XAO:0004000 ZFA:0005171 anatomical duct exocrine duct exocrine gland duct galen:Duct ncithesaurus:Duct uberon A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Duct_(anatomy) ZFA:0005171 large intestine AAO:0010396 BTO:0000706 EFO:0000840 EMAPA:19252 EV:0100077 FMA:7201 GAID:306 MA:0000333 MESH:A.03.492.411.495 MIAA:0000046 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181254001 The large intestine consists of the cecum and colon[WP]. Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the small intestine and distally with the anal canal.[FMA]. UBERON:0000059 VHOG:0000054 XAO:0000131 galen:LargeIntestine intestinum crassum ncithesaurus:Large_Intestine uberon BTO:0000706 intestinum crassum FMA:7201 The large intestine consists of the cecum and colon[WP]. Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the small intestine and distally with the anal canal.[FMA]. Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy) anatomical wall Anatomical organ component enclosing an organ cavity. EMAPA:25036 FMA:82482 UBERON:0000060 UBERON:0009915 galen:Wall merged FMA organ wall in to this class uberon wall wall of organ FMA:82482 wall of organ Anatomical organ component enclosing an organ cavity. FMA:82482 anatomical structure AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 FBbt:00007001 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:A.13 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. SCTID:362889002 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 UBERON:0000061 UBERON:CARO_0000003-CARO_0000024-FBbt_00000001-FBbt_00007001-FMA_67135-FMA_67498-WBbt_0003760-WBbt_0007833-XAO_0003000-XAO_0003041-ZFA_0000037-ZFA_0000496-ZFA_0001094 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure uberon CARO:0000003 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions[GO]. EFO:0000634 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000062 ncithesaurus:Organ note that CARO does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ uberon Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions[GO]. Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) organ segment FMA:86140 Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball[FMA]. UBERON:0000063 organ region with fixed fiat boundary segment of organ uberon FMA:86140 segment of organ FMA:86140 organ region with fixed fiat boundary FMA:86140 Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball[FMA]. organ part EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 SCTID:91717005 UBERON:0000064 anatomical structure which has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. Examples: osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior right side of heart, interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve, head of pancreas[FMA]. cardinal organ part uberon FMA:82472 anatomical structure which has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. Examples: osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior right side of heart, interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve, head of pancreas[FMA]. respiratory tract EHDAA2:0001606 EHDAA:1568 EHDAA:2219 EMAPA:16737 MESH:A.04 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361110005 UBERON:0000065 VHOG:0000393 anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts uberon UBERON:cjm anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts fully formed stage BTO:0001043 FBdv:00005369 The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both juvenile stage, and adult stage. UBERON:0000066 WBls:0000041 adult stage fully formed animal stage juvenile-adult stage uberon The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both juvenile stage, and adult stage. UBERON:cjm embryo stage part A stage that is part of the embryo stage. UBERON:0000067 embryonic stage part uberon A stage that is part of the embryo stage. UBERON:cjm embryo stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 SCTID:296280003 UBERON:0000068 XAO:1000012 embryogenesis embryonic stage uberon larval stage AEO:0000126 BTO:0000915 BTO:0000954 EFO:0001303 It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always reflects the group's evolutionary history. It could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases the larval form might differ more from the group's common origin than the adult form[WP]. Uberon includes clade-specific subclasses. OGES:000008 UBERON:0000069 a distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. ammocoete ammocoete stage bipinnaria bipinnaria stage caterpillar caterpillar stage glochidium glochidium stage grub grub stage larva larva stage leptocephalus leptocephalus stage maggot maggot stage naiad, nymph naiad, nymph stage nauplius nauplius stage nymph nymph stage planula planula stage trochophore trochophore stage uberon veliger veliger stage wriggler wriggler stage zoea zoea stage Wikipedia:Larva trochophore Wikipedia:Larva maggot stage Wikipedia:Larva glochidium stage Wikipedia:Larva grub Wikipedia:Larva ammocoete stage Wikipedia:Larva veliger stage Wikipedia:Larva naiad, nymph stage Wikipedia:Larva planula Wikipedia:Larva grub stage Wikipedia:Larva nymph Wikipedia:Larva zoea Wikipedia:Larva zoea stage Wikipedia:Larva planula stage Wikipedia:Larva glochidium Wikipedia:Larva trochophore stage Wikipedia:Larva nauplius Wikipedia:Larva maggot Wikipedia:Larva nauplius stage Wikipedia:Larva veliger Wikipedia:Larva bipinnaria stage Wikipedia:Larva caterpillar Wikipedia:Larva caterpillar stage Wikipedia:Larva bipinnaria Wikipedia:Larva wriggler stage Wikipedia:Larva a distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Wikipedia:Larva nymph stage Wikipedia:Larva leptocephalus stage Wikipedia:Larva leptocephalus Wikipedia:Larva wriggler Wikipedia:Larva naiad, nymph Wikipedia:Larva ammocoete pupal stage A life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago. FBdv:00005349 UBERON:0000070 pupa stage uberon A life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago. Wikipedia:Pupa death stage AO notes - ncit:Death is an outcome End of the life of an organism. UBERON:0000071 XAO:0000437 death uberon End of the life of an organism. XAO:0000437 segment of respiratory tract An organ segment that is part of a respiratory tract [Obol]. MA:0000434 Note that MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole UBERON:0000072 respiratory tract uberon MA:0000434 respiratory tract An organ segment that is part of a respiratory tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic regional part of nervous system 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z An anatomical structure that is part of a nervous system [Obol]. Melissa Haendel NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1157 SCTID:25087005 UBERON:0000073 grouping class ncithesaurus:Nervous_System_Part part of nervous system uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1157 part of nervous system An anatomical structure that is part of a nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus 2009-06-18T09:26:37Z A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO]. AAO:0010388 BTO:0000530 EFO:0003667 EV:0100386 FMA:15624 MA:0001657 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.520 Melissa Haendel TAO:0001288 UBERON:0000074 XAO:0000146 ZFA - The multi-tissue structure where the glomerular basement membrane supported by mesonephric podocytes filters blood from the glomerular capillaries. TODO - split glomerulus and glomerular tuft? DONE. GUDMAP: 'Together, the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle.' - here the glomerulus is part of the capsule? ZFA:0001288 glomerular capillary tuft glomerular tuft glomerulus glomerulus renis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Renal_corpuscle.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1130.svg/200px-Gray1130.svg.png malphigian glomerulus ncithesaurus:Glomerulus renal corpuscle uberon BTO:0000530 malphigian glomerulus A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO]. MP:0005325 Wikipedia:Glomerulus ZFA:0001288 glomerular capillary tuft Wikipedia:Glomerulus glomerulus renis Wikipedia subdivision of skeletal system Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. FMA:85544 SCTID:118966000 UBERON:0000075 UBERON:0010322 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part skeletal system part skeletal system subdivision uberon VSAO Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 FMA:85544 skeletal system subdivision external ectoderm EHDAA2:0001968 EHDAA:1494 EHDAA:350 EHDAA:4784 EHDAA:4790 EHDAA:4796 EHDAA:7860 EMAPA:16096 EMAPA:16539 Editor note: merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube). FMA:87656 The surface ectoderm (or external ectoderm forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000076 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ectoderm.png/200px-Ectoderm.png ncithesaurus:Surface_Ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon The surface ectoderm (or external ectoderm forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:External_ectoderm mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple UBERON:0000077 uberon An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. UBERON:cjm mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple UBERON:0000078 uberon An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. UBERON:cjm male reproductive system BTO:0000082 EFO:0000970 EHDAA2:0001054 EHDAA:8136 EMAPA:17968 EV:0100101 FBbt:00004927 FMA:45664 GAID:386 HAO:0000505 MA:0000396 MESH:A.05.360.444 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361340001 TGMA:0000634 UBERON:0000079 VHOG:0000725 WBbt:0008423 XAO:0000155 genitalia of male organism male genital organ male genital system male genitalia male genitals male organism genitalia male organism reproductive system male reproductive tract ncithesaurus:Male_Reproductive_System reproductive system of male organism systema genitale masculinum the organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa. uberon FMA:45664 male genital system MA:0000396 male reproductive tract BTO:0000082 systema genitale masculinum BTO:0000082 male genital organ OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive system MP:0001145 the organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa. OBOL:automatic genitalia of male organism OBOL:automatic male organism genitalia OBOL:automatic reproductive system of male organism mesonephros AAO:0010384 BTO:0001542 By contrast to the pronephros, the histological features of the mesonephros, with its primitive glomeruli, suggest that it probably functions as a primitive kidney, and is involved in the production of much of the amniotic fluid. Within the two mesonephroi, one located on either side of the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, a substantial number (in the region of about 40 or more) of cranio-caudally segmented mesonephric tubules are formed. It has, however, been suggested that only the most rostrally located 4-6 pairs of mesonephric tubules drain into the mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. This is now seen to extend along the length of the mesonephroi, being located towards their lateral sides. The mesonephros is also retained over a considerably longer period than the pronephros, but gradually undergoes regression in a cranio-caudal direction. While the rostral part displays clear evidence of regression its more caudal part appears to display evidence of functional activity. Within the medial part of the mesonephros, vesicles are formed, although no glomeruli are formed there in this species. It is, however, difficult to believe that the relatively enormous mesonephroi do not have an excretory role in the mouse, only serving as a base for gonadal differentiation. In the human embryo, the medial part of the mesonephric tubules enlarges, become invaginated by capillaries, and form glomeruli. These then take on an excretory role. In the mouse, the mesonephric ducts appear to be patent throughout their length[GUDMAP] comment: Taxon notes: The mesonephros persists and form the permanent kidneys in fishes and amphibians, but in reptiles, birds, and mammals, it atrophies and for the most part disappears rapidly as the permanent kidney (metanephros) begins to develop during the sixth or seventh week. By the beginning of the fifth month only the ducts and a few of the tubules of the mesonephros remain[WP] EFO:0000928 EHDAA2:0001130 EHDAA:1581 EHDAA:5903 EMAPA:16744 EMAPA:17369 EMAPA:27644 FMA:72171 GAID:1308 In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney[GO]. One of three excretory organs that develop in vertebrates. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary kidney in higher vertebrates. composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. MESH:A.16.254.500 SCTID:308799002 TAO:0000529 UBERON:0000080 VHOG:0000038 Wolffian body XAO:0000141 ZFA:0000529 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gray986.png/200px-Gray986.png mesonephric kidney mesonephroi ncithesaurus:Mesonephros opisthonephros opisto nephros opistonephros uberon GO:0001823 In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney[GO]. One of three excretory organs that develop in vertebrates. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary kidney in higher vertebrates. composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. Wikipedia:Mesonephros BTO:0001542 GOC:yaf MESH:A.16.254.500 Wikipedia:Mesonephros Wolffian body http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio/courses/bio205/bio205_26_sex.html opistonephros VHOG:0000038 XAO:0000141 opisthonephros XAO:0000141 mesonephric kidney http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron mesonephroi metanephros BTO:0001543 EHDAA2:0001137 EHDAA:3089 EHDAA:5911 EMAPA:17207 EMAPA:17373 FMA:72172 In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]. During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis. SCTID:308797000 TODO check developmental relationships UBERON:0000081 VHOG:0000039 definite kidney definitive kidney hind kidney metanephron ncithesaurus:Metanephros uberon BTO:0001543 metanephron BTO:0001543 definite kidney GO:0001656 In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]. During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis. Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros BTO:0001543 hind kidney GO ISBN:9780878932504 definitional BTO:0001543 definitive kidney adult mammalian kidney UBERON:0000082 uberon mesonephric tubule A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]. AAO:0010389 EHDAA2:0001134 EMAPA:27588 EMAPA:27659 TODO check UBERON:0000083 VHOG:0000500 XAO:0000148 tubuli mesonephrici uberon A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]. Wikipedia:Mesonephric_tubules Wikipedia:Mesonephric_tubules tubuli mesonephrici ureteric bud BTO:0001646 EHDAA2:0002140 EHDAA:3091 EHDAA:5917 EMAPA:17209 EMAPA:17376 SCTID:361528000 UBERON:0000084 VHOG:0000541 a protrusion from the mesonephric duct during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It later develops into the adult kidney, except for the nephrons, which, in contrast, originate from the metanephric blastema[WP]. epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP] diverticulum gemma ureterica; diverticulum metanephricum metanephric bud metanephric diverticulum ncithesaurus:Metanephric_Diverticulum uberon EHDAA2 BTO:0001646 diverticulum MP:0010979 PMID:19828308 Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud a protrusion from the mesonephric duct during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It later develops into the adult kidney, except for the nephrons, which, in contrast, originate from the metanephric blastema[WP]. epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP] Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud gemma ureterica; diverticulum metanephricum EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros metanephric diverticulum ISBN:9780878932504 BTO:0001646 metanephric bud morula An embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells (called blastomeres) in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida[WP] The compacted embryo before cavity formation. BTO:0001508 EHDAA2:0000005 GAID:1295 MESH:A.16.254.270.550 SCTID:361474003 UBERON:0000085 XAO:1000029 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/200px-Blastulation.png ncithesaurus:Morula uberon An embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells (called blastomeres) in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida[WP] The compacted embryo before cavity formation. Wikipedia:Morula zona pellucida A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. BTO:0003135 EHDAA2:0002220 EHDAA:31 EHDAA:62 EMAPA:16035 EMAPA:16049 FMA:18674 GAID:410 MA:0001715 MESH:A.05.360.490.690.950 TAO:0001111 UBERON:0000086 ZFA:0001111 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray3.png/200px-Gray3.png ncithesaurus:Zona_Pellucida oolemma pellucid zone striated membrane uberon vitelline envelope vitelline membrane zona radiata zona striata A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida BTO:0003135 striated membrane BTO:0003135 zona striata BTO:0003135 zona radiata BTO:0003135 oolemma BTO:0003135 pellucid zone inner cell mass EFO:0000547 EHDAA2:0000830 EHDAA:40 EMAPA:16041 FMA:86557 Mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred. The ICM lies within the blastocoele (more correctly termed 'blastocyst cavity', as it is not strictly homologous to the blastocoele of anamniote vertebrates) and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast. SCTID:361456007 UBERON:0000087 VHOG:0000742 embryoblast embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg/200px-Blastocyst_English.svg.png ncithesaurus:Inner_Cell_Mass pluriblast uberon Wikipedia Mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred. The ICM lies within the blastocoele (more correctly termed 'blastocyst cavity', as it is not strictly homologous to the blastocoele of anamniote vertebrates) and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast. Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior trophoblast Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. BTO:0001079 Development notes: The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta[PMID:19829370] EV:0100120 FMA:83029 GAID:1152 MESH:A.11.936 SCTID:362839005 UBERON:0000088 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg/200px-Blastocyst_English.svg.png ncithesaurus:Trophoblast trophoblast layer trophoblastus; massa cellularis externa trophoderm uberon Wikipedia:Trophoblast trophoblastus; massa cellularis externa Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. Wikipedia:Trophoblast MP:0005031 trophoblast layer BTO:0001079 trophoderm hypoblast AAO:0000229 AAO:0010619 BTO:0003953 EFO:0001930 MAT:0000418 MIAA:0000418 TAO:0000117 The inner of the two layers of the blastoderm that forms during gastrulation and give rise to the definitive mesoderm and endoderm UBERON:0000089 VHOG:0001222 XAO:0003044 ZFA:0000117 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Cell_differentiation_gastrula.PNG hypoblastus mesendoderm ncithesaurus:Hypoblast this term groups together disparate structures with different relationships. TODO - consider relationship to UBERON:0000091 uberon ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 mesendoderm Wikipedia:Hypoblast hypoblastus The inner of the two layers of the blastoderm that forms during gastrulation and give rise to the definitive mesoderm and endoderm Wikipedia:Hypoblast ZFIN:curator blastocele AAO:0010433 EHDAA2:0000175 EHDAA:50 EMAPA:16044 SCTID:361455006 UBERON:0000090 VHOG:0000811 XAO:0000294 blastocoele blastocoelic cavity blastocyst cavity cleavage cavity fluid-filled central region of a blastocyst. A blastocoele forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blastocyst.gif/200px-Blastocyst.gif segmentation cavity uberon Wikipedia:Blastocele fluid-filled central region of a blastocyst. A blastocoele forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. EHDAA2:0000175 blastocoelic cavity bilaminar disc UBERON:0000091 bilaminary embryonic disc http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gray21.png/200px-Gray21.png ncithesaurus:Bilaminar_Embryonic_Disc the epiblast and the hypoblast, evolved from the embryoblast uberon Wikipedia:Bilaminar_disc the epiblast and the hypoblast, evolved from the embryoblast post-embryonic stage OGES:000010 OGES:000014 OGES:000024 UBERON:0000092 WBls:0000022 postembryonic postembryonic stage stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure uberon UBERON:cjm stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure sulcus 2009-04-09T06:23:22Z UBERON:0000093 a depression or fissure in the surface of an organ. cjm uberon Wikipedia:Sulcus_(anatomy) a depression or fissure in the surface of an organ. membrane organ 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z FMA:7145 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA] UBERON:0000094 cjm membrane of organ uberon FMA:7145 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA] cardiac neural crest 2009-07-30T07:57:38Z AO notes - ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC. TAO:0002173 UBERON:0000095 XAO:0004190 ZFA:0001648 cardiac neural crest complex cjm complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia] uberon Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia] Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus Wikipedia Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest cardiac neural crest complex blastopore AAO:0000045 BTO:0001695 In protostome development, the first opening in development, the blastopore, becomes the animal's mouth; In deuterostome development, the blastopore becomes the animal's anus Structure around the opening into the archenteron during the embryonic stages of an organism. The distinction between protostomes and deuterostomes is based on the direction in which the mouth (stoma) develops in relation to the blastopore. UBERON:0000100 XAO:0000208 uberon Structure around the opening into the archenteron during the embryonic stages of an organism. The distinction between protostomes and deuterostomes is based on the direction in which the mouth (stoma) develops in relation to the blastopore. Wikipedia:Blastopore lobe of lung A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]. FMA:7311 OpenCyc:Mx4rvo6-vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245524004 UBERON:0000101 galen:LobeOfLung lung lobe ncithesaurus:Lung_Lobe pulminory lobe pulmonary lobe uberon A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]. GOC:GO FMA:7311 pulmonary lobe lung vasculature FMA:73750 The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. UBERON:0000102 lung vascular network pulmonary vasculature uberon vascular network of lung vasculature of lung GOC:GO The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. OBOL:automatic vascular network of lung OBOL:automatic lung vascular network FMA:73750 pulmonary vasculature OBOL:automatic vasculature of lung life cycle stage boundary Instant starting or ending a life cycle stage. These can be arbitrary/fiat. UBERON:0000103 life cycle stage transition event life cycle stage transition instant span:ProcessBoundary uberon Instant starting or ending a life cycle stage. These can be arbitrary/fiat. UBERON:cjm life cycle An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. FBdv_root:00000000 OGES:000011 UBERON:0000104 life lifespan ncithesaurus:Life uberon An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. UBERON:cjm life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 UBERON:0000105 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0100000 developmental stage ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage stage uberon A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. UBERON:cjm zygote stage 1-cell stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. BILS:0000106 EHDAA:27 EMAPA:16033 UBERON:0000106 VHOG:0000745 XAO:1000001 ZFS:0000001 fertilized egg stage one cell stage uberon zygotum BTO:0000854 fertilized egg stage Wikipedia:Zygote zygotum A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. Wikipedia:Zygote cleavage stage BILS:0000107 EFO:0001290 MESH:A.16.254.270 OGES:000015 OGES:000020 The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. UBERON:0000107 XAO:1000004 uberon GO:0040016 The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. Wikipedia:Cleavage_(embryo) blastula stage An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. BILS:0000108 EFO:0001282 GAID:1294 OGES:000003 OGES:000016 OGES:000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg UBERON:0000108 XAO:1000003 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/200px-Blastulation.png uberon An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. Wikipedia:Blastula gastrula stage A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. BILS:0000109 EFO:0001296 FBdv:00005317 OGES:000004 OGES:000019 UBERON:0000109 XAO:1000005 uberon A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. GO:0007369 neurula stage BILS:0000110 Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. UBERON:0000110 XAO:1000006 uberon GO:0001841 Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. organogenesis stage A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. BILS:0000111 OGES:000005 OGES:000032 UBERON:0000111 segmentation stage uberon A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. Wikipedia:Organogenesis juvenile stage BILS:0000112 BTO:0002168 EFO:0001300 EV:0300051 OGES:000009 The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal. UBERON:0000112 XAO:1000010 ZFS:0000042 ZFS:0000043 uberon The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal. XAO:1000010 post-juvenile adult stage BILS:0000113 BTO:0001043 EV:0300064 EV:0300070 MIAA:0000403 OGES:000026 OGES:000027 The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal. UBERON:0000113 UBERON:MIAA_0000403-XAO_1000009 XAO:1000009 ZFS:0000044 adult stage uberon The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal. UBERON:cjm lung connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lung [Obol]. MA:0001782 UBERON:0000114 connective tissue of lung lung interstitial tissue lung portion of connective tissue lung textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of lung textus connectivus of lung uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lung OBOL:automatic lung portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lung textus connectivus MA:0001782 lung interstitial tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lung OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lung lung epithelium BTO:0001653 MA:0001783 UBERON:0000115 epithelial tissue of lung epithelium of lung lung epithelial tissue pulmonary epithelium the epithelial layer of the lung. uberon BTO:0001653 pulmonary epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lung OBOL:automatic lung epithelial tissue MP:0006382 the epithelial layer of the lung. OBOL:automatic epithelium of lung lung saccule Primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells[GO]. UBERON:0000116 uberon GO:0060430 Primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells[GO]. GO respiratory tube A tube in the respiratory tract. UBERON:0000117 uberon A tube in the respiratory tract. GO:0030323 lung bud BTO:0001643 EHDAA2:0004089 SCTID:361427007 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung. UBERON:0000118 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gray948.png/200px-Gray948.png lung bud ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Diverticulum primary lung bud respiratory diverticulum uberon GO:0060441 GO:0060572 primary lung bud GO:0060431 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung. Wikipedia:Lung_buds lung bud EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Lung_buds respiratory diverticulum cell layer Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of cells connected to each other by cell junctions UBERON:0000119 cell sheath layer of cells uberon Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of cells connected to each other by cell junctions UBERON:cjm blood brain barrier BBB Cell layer consisting of lining cells that separates the central nervous system and the bloodstream. The BBB may consist of endothelial cells or glial cells. An endothelial barrier may have arisen independently several times during evolution. In bichir and lungfish the barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, while in sturgeon it is formed by a complex perivascular glial sheath, but with no detectable tight junctions. NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100205 UBERON:0000120 blood-brain barrier ncithesaurus:Blood-Brain_Barrier uberon Cell layer consisting of lining cells that separates the central nervous system and the bloodstream. The BBB may consist of endothelial cells or glial cells. An endothelial barrier may have arisen independently several times during evolution. In bichir and lungfish the barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, while in sturgeon it is formed by a complex perivascular glial sheath, but with no detectable tight junctions. DOI:10.1002/glia.20642 Wikipedia:Blood-brain_barrier perineurium BTO:0003153 Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle. FMA:52585 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090205 SCTID:362299001 UBERON:0000121 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray636.png/200px-Gray636.png ncithesaurus:Perineurium uberon Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle. Wikipedia:Perineurium neuron projection bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 FBbt:00005099 UBERON:0000122 UBERON:0005163 funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle uberon FBbt:00005099 nerve fiber bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 FBC:DOS FBbt:00005099 endoneurium FMA:52586 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090202 SCTID:15931004 UBERON:0000123 a layer of delicate connective tissue that encloses the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber within a funiculus. ncithesaurus:Endoneurium uberon Wikipedia:Endodeurium a layer of delicate connective tissue that encloses the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber within a funiculus. epineurium BTO:0003154 FMA:12234 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090203 SCTID:64482002 UBERON:0000124 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray636.png/200px-Gray636.png ncithesaurus:Epineurium outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It includes the blood vessels supplying the nerve. It consists of adipose tissue and fibrocollagenous tissues. uberon Wikipedia:Epineurium outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It includes the blood vessels supplying the nerve. It consists of adipose tissue and fibrocollagenous tissues. neural nucleus Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO]. FMA:83686 UBERON:0000125 do not include NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 Nucleus. Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in "subcortical" because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in "relatively compact" and "distiguishable by histology" because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate. neuraxis nucleus nucleus nucleus of neuraxis uberon Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO]. GO:0048857 GO_REF:0000021 Wikipedia:Nucleus_(neuroanatomy) FMA:83686 neuraxis nucleus cranial nerve nucleus FMA:54501 SCTID:280160003 UBERON:0000126 collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more cranial nerves. cranial neural nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png nucleus nervi cranialis nucleus of cranial nerve uberon Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more cranial nerves. FMA:54501 cranial neural nucleus Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus nucleus nervi cranialis facial nucleus BM:Pons-VII EHDAA2:0004638 EV:0100267 FMA has 3 subclasses - left, right and motor nucleus of facial nerve, but no defs. It's not clear how facial nucleus is distinct from facial motor nucleus. FMA:54572 MA:0001014 SCTID:280166009 UBERON:0000127 VHOG:0001412 facial VII motor nucleus facial VII nucleus facial nerve nucleus ncithesaurus:Facial_Nerve_Nucleus nucleus of facial nerve uberon MA:0001014 facial VII nucleus FMA:54572 nucleus of facial nerve MA:0001014 facial VII motor nucleus definitional olivary body BTO:0002299 SCTID:279293003 UBERON:0000128 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray679.png/200px-Gray679.png oliva olive olive body prominent oval structure in the medulla oblongata, present in pairs, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei uberon Wikipedia:Olivary_body oliva Wikipedia:Olivary_body prominent oval structure in the medulla oblongata, present in pairs, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei transverse foramen FMA:23997 Foramen that pierces the transverse processes of the seven cervical vertebrae. In the upper six vertebrae, the foramen gives passage to the vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The seventh foramen lacks the artery, but contains the vein and sympathetic nerves. SCTID:280735005 UBERON:0000130 foramen transversarium foramen transversarium foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra transverse foramen of cervical vertebra uberon FMA:23997 transverse foramen of cervical vertebra FMA:23998 foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra Foramen that pierces the transverse processes of the seven cervical vertebrae. In the upper six vertebrae, the foramen gives passage to the vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The seventh foramen lacks the artery, but contains the vein and sympathetic nerves. Wikipedia:Transverse_foramen Wikipedia:Transverse_foramen foramen transversarium Wikipedia:Transverse_foramen foramen transversarium FMA trochlea of humerus FMA:23370 SCTID:282817004 The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. It is directly inferior to the most prominent anterior humeral fossia, the Coronoid fossia. It articulates with the ulna. UBERON:0000144 humeral trochlea uberon FMA:23370 humeral trochlea The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. It is directly inferior to the most prominent anterior humeral fossia, the Coronoid fossia. It articulates with the ulna. Wikipedia:Trochlea_of_humerus pectoral fin BTO:0004653 SCTID:416982006 TAO:0001161 The paired pectoral fins are located on each side, usually just behind the operculum, and are homologous to the forelimbs of tetrapods. UBERON:0000151 ZFA:0001161 check definition of limb such that is excludes fins. Note the GO includes pectoral and pelvic fins as types of limbs. The Actinopterygii (ray finned fish) pectoral and pelvic fins aren't homologous as fore- or hindlimbs to those of tetrapods, whereas those of the Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish) are in fact homologous. uberon The paired pectoral fins are located on each side, usually just behind the operculum, and are homologous to the forelimbs of tetrapods. Wikipedia:Pectoral_fin#Fins pelvic fin BTO:0004651 EFO:0003644 TAO:0001184 The paired pelvic or ventral fins are located ventrally below the pectoral fins. They are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods. The pelvic fin assists the fish in going up or down through the water, turning sharply, and stopping quickly. UBERON:0000152 ZFA:0001184 check definition of limb such that is excludes fins. Note the GO includes pectoral and pelvic fins as types of limbs. uberon The paired pelvic or ventral fins are located ventrally below the pectoral fins. They are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods. The pelvic fin assists the fish in going up or down through the water, turning sharply, and stopping quickly. Wikipedia:Pectoral_fin#Fins anterior region of body UBERON:0000153 uberon posterior region of body UBERON:0000154 uberon theca cell layer A layer of the ovarian follicles. They appear as the follicles become tertiary follicles. The theca folliculi are responsible for the production of testosterone from androstenedione in females, and indirectly the production of estrogens by supplying the neighboring granulosa cells with androstenedione that can then be used as a substrate for aromatase. BTO:0002853 EFO:0003629 FMA:18656 TAO:0001113 UBERON:0000155 ZFA:0001113 layer of theca cells theca cell layer of ovarian follicle theca folliculi theca of follicle thecal cell layer uberon A layer of the ovarian follicles. They appear as the follicles become tertiary follicles. The theca folliculi are responsible for the production of testosterone from androstenedione in females, and indirectly the production of estrogens by supplying the neighboring granulosa cells with androstenedione that can then be used as a substrate for aromatase. Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle ZFA:0001113 thecal cell layer Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle theca folliculi theca externa BTO:0002852 FMA:18657 MA:0001713 SCTID:258767003 The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. It contains abundant collagen and is mainly supportive. UBERON:0000156 UBERON:0005182 external coat of theca folliculi http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mature_Graffian_follicle.jpg/200px-Mature_Graffian_follicle.jpg ovary theca externa theca externa (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) tunica externa of theca folliculi tunica externa thecae folliculi uberon FMA:18657 theca externa (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) Wikipedia:Theca_externa tunica externa thecae folliculi MA:0001713 ovary theca externa BTO:0002852 external coat of theca folliculi The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. It contains abundant collagen and is mainly supportive. Wikipedia:Theca_externa FMA:18657 tunica externa of theca folliculi BTO:0002852 tunica externa thecae folliculi theca interna BTO:0002851 FMA:18658 MA:0001714 SCTID:258869006 Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing. UBERON:0000157 UBERON:0005183 internal coat of capsule of graafian follicle ovary theca interna theca interna (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) tunica interna of theca folliculi tunica interna thecae folliculi uberon BTO:0002851 tunica interna thecae folliculi FMA:18658 theca interna (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) FMA:18658 tunica interna of theca folliculi MA:0001714 ovary theca interna BTO:0002851 internal coat of capsule of graafian follicle Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing. Wikipedia:Theca_externa#Theca_interna membranous layer FMA:82500 UBERON:0000158 membranous organ component uberon FMA:82500 membranous organ component anal canal BTO:0001978 EMAPA:18256 FMA:15703 MA:0000330 SCTID:245438008 TGMA:0001022 The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000159 adult alimentary canal anal canal anal canal viewed anatomically anal pad anatomical anal canal anus canalis analis cloaca cloacal chamber galen:AnalCanal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gray1078.png/200px-Gray1078.png mesenteron ncithesaurus:Anal_Canal pars analis recti uberon The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. Wikipedia:Anal_canal BTO:0001978 pars analis recti BTO:0001978 canalis analis Wikipedia:Anal_canal canalis analis intestine AAO:0000246 ANISEED:1235303 BTO:0000648 EFO:0000834 EV:0100071 FMA:7199 GAID:295 MA also has a class MA:0001524 bowel, not clear how this is different MA:0000328 MA:0001524 MESH:A.03.492.411 MIAA:0000043 SCTID:256876008 Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. TAO:0001338 UBERON:0000160 UBERON:FBbt_00005785-FMA_15703-FMA_7199-MA_0000328-MA_0000330-MIAA_0000042-MIAA_0000043-WBbt_0005772-WBbt_0005774-XAO_0000129-XAO_0000244-ZFA_0000330-ZFA_0001338 VHOG:0000056 WBbt:0005772 XAO:0000129 ZFA:0001338 bowel galen:Intestine ncithesaurus:Intestine uberon GOC:GO Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. Wikipedia:Intestine orifice Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces, surrounded by two or more subdivisions of two or more organs. Examples: right atrioventricular orifice, orifice of artery, hilum of kidney, porta hepatis[FMA,modified]. FMA:3724 SCTID:91837002 UBERON:0000161 anatomical orifice anatomical ostium hilum in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit uberon FMA:3724 anatomical ostium Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces, surrounded by two or more subdivisions of two or more organs. Examples: right atrioventricular orifice, orifice of artery, hilum of kidney, porta hepatis[FMA,modified]. FMA:3724 FMA:3724 anatomical orifice cloaca AAO:0000095 GAID:1206 Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs[WP]. We deliberately exclude the wbbt class here, but may in future have a grouping class MESH:A.13.223 Posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal and urinary tracts of certain animal species SCTID:362857006 TAO:0000330 UBERON:0000162 VHOG:0001186 XAO:0000244 ZFA:0000330 cloacal chamber ncithesaurus:Cloaca uberon vent Posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal and urinary tracts of certain animal species Wikipedia:Cloaca embryonic cloaca EHDAA2:0000256 EHDAA:4895 EMAPA:27573 EMAPA:27638 Structure in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs[WP]. endoderm-lined chamber into which the hidgut and allantois empty in early embryos[MP]. UBERON:0000163 cloaca compare UBERON:0000162 cloaca uberon MP:0010115 Structure in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs[WP]. endoderm-lined chamber into which the hidgut and allantois empty in early embryos[MP]. Wikipedia:Cloaca_(embryology) cloaca primitive urogenital sinus EHDAA2:0004060 EHDAA:5029 EHDAA:5919 EMAPA:17211 EMAPA:17379 Note that the term "urogenital sinus" may refer to the primitive urogenital sinus present as a transient developmental structure in most mammals or it may refer to a condition in which an unseptated cloaca persists in animals longer than normal[MP] Part of the human body only present in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is the ventral part of the cloaca, formed after the cloaca separates from the rectum. It eventually becomes, among other things, the bladder[WP]. ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females[MP]. SCTID:50961009 UBERON:0000164 UGS VHOG:0000414 fetal UGS http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray1109.png/200px-Gray1109.png ncithesaurus:Urogenital_Sinus uberon urogenital sinus PMID:18977204 fetal UGS Part of the human body only present in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is the ventral part of the cloaca, formed after the cloaca separates from the rectum. It eventually becomes, among other things, the bladder[WP]. ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females[MP]. Wikipedia:Definitive_urogenital_sinus EHDAA2 MP:0010116 urogenital sinus MP:0010116 UGS mouth AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 EFO:0000825 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 First portion of the digestive tract[WP]. The portion of the digestive that develops from the stomodeum GAID:75 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:A.01.456.505.631 MIAA:0000038 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TGMA:0000131 TODO - check fly mouthpart. note in uberon we distinguish between the mouth and the oral opening. the mouth is part of the digestive tract. TODO - check isa parent subdivision of head - is it a subdivision of the head or digestive tract UBERON:0000165 VHOG:0000812 XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 adult mouth cavitas oris cavum oris galen:Mouth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg mouth cavity oral vestibule os, cavital oralis regio oralis rima oris stoma uberon vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris BTO:0001090 oral vestibule Wikipedia:Mouth os, cavital oralis BTO:0001090 cavitas oris First portion of the digestive tract[WP]. The portion of the digestive that develops from the stomodeum Wikipedia:Mouth BTO:0001090 vestibule of mouth BTO:0001090 cavum oris BTO:0001090 rima oris BTO:0001090 mouth cavity FMA:49184 FMA:TA regio oralis BTO:0001090 vestibulum oris oral opening BTO:0004698 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FMA:59806 MA:0000341 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 The opening of the head through which food passes into the body. UBERON:0000166 VHOG:0000280 ZFA:0000590 adult mouth mouth note MA includes as parts of 'oral region' the tongue, tonsils, etc, so an equivalence to the oral opening itself may not be appropriate. oral fissure oral orifice oral part of face oral region orofacial cavity subdivision of mouth uberon FMA:59806 oral fissure NLM:mouth The opening of the head through which food passes into the body. FMA:59806 oral orifice FMA oral cavity AAO:0000053 AAO:0000960 EFO:0001975 EHDAA2:0001324 EHDAA:6970 EMAPA:17411 EV:0100057 FMA:20292 HAO:0000669 SCTID:181220002 TAO:0001027 TGMA:0000102 UBERON:0000167 VHOG:0000188 WBbt:0005255 XAO:0000126 ZFA:0001027 buccal cavity cavity of mouth ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity uberon FMA:20292 buccal cavity segment of colon An organ segment that is part of a colon [Obol]. FMA:222905 UBERON:0000168 uberon An organ segment that is part of a colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pair of lungs BTO:0000763 EFO:0000934 FMA:68877 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000170 lungs lungs pair ncithesaurus:Lung pulmones set of lungs uberon FMA:68877 FMA:TA pulmones respiration organ EMAPA:17607 Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. SCTID:272626006 SPD:0000428 TGMA:0001247 UBERON:0000171 apparatus respiratorius organ breathing organ gas exchange organ organ of apparatus respiratorius organ of respiratory system respiratory organ respiratory system organ uberon OBOL:automatic organ of apparatus respiratorius GO:0007585 Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. OBOL:automatic organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius organ OBOL:automatic respiratory system organ vomit ENVO:00000338 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViQTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000172 Vomit is a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. galen:Vomitus ncithesaurus:Vomitus uberon ENVO:00000338 Vomit is a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. amniotic fluid Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. BTO:0000068 ENVO:02000021 EV:0100123 GAID:1155 MA:0002893 MESH:A.12.098 UBERON:0000173 VHOG:0001267 acqua amnii liquor amnii ncithesaurus:Amniotic_Fluid uberon BTO:0000068 acqua amnii Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. ENVO:02000021 BTO:0000068 liquor amnii excreta AEO:0000184 BTO:0000491 EHDAA2:0003184 ENVO:02000022 Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body. FMA:9674 UBERON:0000174 UBERON:0000324 UBERON:0007550 UBERON:BTO_0000491-FMA_9674 excretion galen:Excretion uberon waste substance AEO:0000184 waste substance ENVO:02000022 Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body. BTO:0000491 excretion pleural effusion ENVO:02000033 OpenCyc:Mx4rLaTGCK2TEduAAAAOpmP6tw Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. UBERON:0000175 cede to MPATH? Note the ncit class is under finding. ncithesaurus:Pleural_Effusion uberon ENVO:02000033 Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. oronasal secretion ENVO:02000035 Oronasal secretion is a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. UBERON:0000176 uberon ENVO:02000035 Oronasal secretion is a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. pus AO notes: biospecimen in NCIT ENVO:02000038 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjG6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. UBERON:0000177 galen:Pus ncithesaurus:Pus uberon ENVO:02000038 Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. blood AAO:0000046 BTO:0000089 Circulating body substance which consists of blood plasma and hemoglobin-carrying red blood cells. Excludes blood analogues (see UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid). EFO:0000296 EHDAA2:0000176 EHDAA:418 EMAPA:16332 ENVO:02000027 EV:0100047 FMA:9670 GAID:965 MA:0000059 MESH:A.12.207.152 MIAA:0000315 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000007 UBERON:0000178 VHOG:0000224 XAO:0000124 ZFA:0000007 galen:Blood ncithesaurus:Blood portion of blood uberon vertebrate blood whole blood Circulating body substance which consists of blood plasma and hemoglobin-carrying red blood cells. Excludes blood analogues (see UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid). FMA:9670 Wikipedia:Blood BTO:0000089 whole blood haemolymphatic fluid 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. UBERON:0000179 blood or blood analog cjm haematological system portion of organism substance haemopoietic system portion of organism substance hematopoietic system portion of organism substance organa haemopoietica portion of organism substance portion of organism substance of haematological system portion of organism substance of haemopoietic system portion of organism substance of hematopoietic system portion of organism substance of organa haemopoietica uberon OBOL:automatic portion of organism substance of organa haemopoietica OBOL:automatic haematological system portion of organism substance OBOL:automatic portion of organism substance of haemopoietic system OBOL:automatic portion of organism substance of haematological system OBOL:automatic hematopoietic system portion of organism substance OBOL:automatic haemopoietic system portion of organism substance OBOL:automatic organa haemopoietica portion of organism substance OBOL:automatic portion of organism substance of hematopoietic system lateral lumbar region of abdomen FMA:14603 SCTID:243329008 UBERON:0000180 a region of the posterior torso (lower back) beneath the ribs and above the ilium. flank galen:Flank http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray1220.png lateral region lateral region of abdomen latus ncithesaurus:Flank regio lateralis uberon FMA:14603 flank FMA:14603 regio lateralis FMA:14603 latus FMA:14603 lateral region FMA:14603 lateral region of abdomen Wikipedia:Abdomen#9-region_scheme Wikipedia:Flank a region of the posterior torso (lower back) beneath the ribs and above the ilium. neck of radius FMA:23479 SCTID:181942005 UBERON:0000199 galen:NeckOfRadius radial neck the narrow part of the shaft of the radius just below the head. uberon FMA http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=58913 the narrow part of the shaft of the radius just below the head. FMA:23479 radial neck gyrus A ridge, generally surrounded by one or more sulci. BTO:0002495 FMA:83874 SCTID:279165009 UBERON:0000200 cerebral gyrus gyri gyri of cerebrum gyrus of cerebrum gyrus of neuraxis ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Gyrus uberon BTO:0002495 gyri of cerebrum BTO:0002495 gyri FMA:83874 gyrus of neuraxis BTO:0002495 gyrus of cerebrum A ridge, generally surrounded by one or more sulci. Wikipedia:Gyrus BTO:0002495 cerebral gyrus endothelial blood brain barrier 2009-04-10T08:15:44Z A blood brain barrier that is composed of endothelial cells. NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100205 UBERON:0000201 cjm uberon A blood brain barrier that is composed of endothelial cells. UBERON:cjm glial blood brain barrier 2009-04-10T08:42:24Z A blood brain barrier composed of glial cells. FBbt:00007091 UBERON:0000202 cjm uberon A blood brain barrier composed of glial cells. UBERON:cjm pallium 2009-04-18T12:03:09Z Editor note: check comparative anatomy Roof region of the telencephalon[GO]. In humans the cerebrum has three parts: the archipallium, the paleopallium and the neopallium. The developing telencephalon or forebrain is divided into pallium and subpallium. In amphibians, the cerebrum includes archipallium, paleopallium and some of the basal nuclei. Reptiles first developed a neopallium, which continued to develop in the brains of more recent species to become the neocortex of humans and Old World monkeys. In fish, the archipallium is the largest part of the cerebrum. Some researchers suggest the early archipallium gave rise to the human hippocampus. SCTID:369224000 TAO:0007007 UBERON:0000203 ZFA:0007007 cjm uberon GO:0021543 Roof region of the telencephalon[GO]. In humans the cerebrum has three parts: the archipallium, the paleopallium and the neopallium. The developing telencephalon or forebrain is divided into pallium and subpallium. In amphibians, the cerebrum includes archipallium, paleopallium and some of the basal nuclei. Reptiles first developed a neopallium, which continued to develop in the brains of more recent species to become the neocortex of humans and Old World monkeys. In fish, the archipallium is the largest part of the cerebrum. Some researchers suggest the early archipallium gave rise to the human hippocampus. Wikipedia:Pallium_(neuroanatomy) ventral telencephalon 2009-04-18T12:12:27Z BTO:0003401 Base region of the telencephalon. EFO:0003522 TAO:0000304 UBERON:0000204 ZFA:0000304 area ventralis telencephali cjm note that the term subpallium sometimes refers specifically to the avian structure subpallium uberon BTO:0003401 GO:0021544 ZFA:0000304 subpallium ZFA:0000304 area ventralis telencephali Base region of the telencephalon. GO:0021544 GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 PMID:12626695 papula 2009-04-18T01:13:57Z A thin protuberance on the surface of the body of an echinoderm containing diverticula of the water vascular system lined by ciliated peritoneum. Along with tube feet, provide the principle gas exchange surfaces.. UBERON:0000205 cjm papulae papulli uberon ISBN:0030229073 papulae A thin protuberance on the surface of the body of an echinoderm containing diverticula of the water vascular system lined by ciliated peritoneum. Along with tube feet, provide the principle gas exchange surfaces.. ISBN:0030229073 papulli pharyngeal gill 2009-04-18T01:18:17Z ANISEED:1235300 Gills of vertebrates are developed in the walls of the pharynx along a series of gill slits opening to the exterior. In fish, the gills are located on both sides of the pharynx. Gills are made of filaments which help increase surface area for oxygen exchange. In bony fish, the gills are covered by a bony cover called an operculum. When a fish breathes, it opens its mouth at regular times and draws in a mouthful of water. It then draws the sides of its throat together, forcing the water through the gill openings. The water passes over the gills on the outside. Valves inside the mouth keep the water from escaping through the mouth again. The operculum can be very important in adjusting the pressure of water inside of the pharynx to allow proper ventilation of the gills. Lampreys and sharks lack an operculum, they have multiple gill openings. Also, they must use different methods to force water over the gills. In sharks and rays, this ventilation of the gills is achieved either by the use of spiracles or ram ventilation (ventilation by constantly swimming). Although some animals use this method it is much better for animals to use a spiracle because they are less susceptible to injury. UBERON:0000206 cjm uberon Gills of vertebrates are developed in the walls of the pharynx along a series of gill slits opening to the exterior. In fish, the gills are located on both sides of the pharynx. Gills are made of filaments which help increase surface area for oxygen exchange. In bony fish, the gills are covered by a bony cover called an operculum. When a fish breathes, it opens its mouth at regular times and draws in a mouthful of water. It then draws the sides of its throat together, forcing the water through the gill openings. The water passes over the gills on the outside. Valves inside the mouth keep the water from escaping through the mouth again. The operculum can be very important in adjusting the pressure of water inside of the pharynx to allow proper ventilation of the gills. Lampreys and sharks lack an operculum, they have multiple gill openings. Also, they must use different methods to force water over the gills. In sharks and rays, this ventilation of the gills is achieved either by the use of spiracles or ram ventilation (ventilation by constantly swimming). Although some animals use this method it is much better for animals to use a spiracle because they are less susceptible to injury. Wikipedia:Gill#Vertebrate_gills compound eye corneal lens 2009-04-18T01:35:32Z A chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells. FBbt:00004199 TADS:0000304 UBERON:0000207 acellular lens cjm uberon A chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells. GO:0048058 cellular lens 2009-04-18T01:37:39Z UBERON:0000208 UBERON:0000965 cjm true uberon tetrapod frontal bone AAO:0000206 EMAPA:19016 FMA:52734 GAID:226 In humans: A bone resembling a cockleshell in two portions the squama frontalis, corresponding with the region of the forehead, and an orbital or horizontal portion, the pars orbitalis, which enters into the formation of the roofs of the orbital and nasal cavities. MA:0001466 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.375 SCTID:181793006 Taxon notes: fused in humans, paired in other animals Development notes: In the mouse the parietal originates from cephalic paraxial mesoderm (Jiang 2000; Morriss-Kay 2001), whereas in the chicken it is traced back to either mesodermal (Noden 1978) or neural crest (Couly 1992, 1993). UBERON:0000209 UBERON:FMA_9613-MA_0001469-ZFA_0000486 VHOG:0001324 VSAO:0000208 frontal frontal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray136.png/200px-Gray136.png ncithesaurus:Frontal_Bone os frontal os frontale uberon Wikipedia:Frontal_bone os frontale FMA:52734 MA:0001466 frontal bone Wikipedia:Frontal_bone os frontal FMA AAO:0000206 frontal In humans: A bone resembling a cockleshell in two portions the squama frontalis, corresponding with the region of the forehead, and an orbital or horizontal portion, the pars orbitalis, which enters into the formation of the roofs of the orbital and nasal cavities. Wikipedia:Frontal_bone tetrapod parietal bone AAO:0000390 EMAPA:18715 FMA:9613 GAID:229 In humans: bone forming side and roof of cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles. MA:0001469 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.651 SCTID:181794000 Taxon notes: The frontal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the parietal bone in tetrapods[various]. In many non-mammalian tetrapods, they are bordered to the rear by a pair of postparietal bones that may be solely in the roof of the skull, or slope downwards to contribute to the back of the skull, depending on the species. In the living tuatara, and many fossil species, a small opening, the parietal foramen, lies between the two parietal bones. This opening is the location of a third eye in the midline of the skull, which is much smaller than the two main eyes[WP] UBERON:0000210 UBERON:FMA_52734-MA_0001466-ZFA_0000514 VHOG:0001324 frontal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray132.png/200px-Gray132.png ncithesaurus:Parietal_Bone os parietale parietal parietal bone teleost frontal bone uberon AAO:0000390 parietal Wikipedia:Parietal_bone os parietale TAO:0000514 teleost frontal bone In humans: bone forming side and roof of cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles. Wikipedia:Parietal_bone ZFA:0000514 FMA:9613 parietal bone FMA TAO:0000514 frontal bone Wikipedia:Parietal_bone os parietale ligament EFO:0001966 FMA:21496 MA:0000113 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA]. Note this groups both skeletal and non-skeletal ligaments. What is called a "ligament" in many AOs is actually a skeletal ligament OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjqpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182358004 UBERON:0000211 VHOG:0001272 XAO:0004031 galen:Ligament ligament organ ncithesaurus:Ligament uberon FMA:21496 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA]. Wikipedia:Ligament FMA:21496 ligament organ toilet claw 2009-05-19T08:19:58Z UBERON:0000212 cjm specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming. uberon Wikipedia:Toilet-claw specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming. vertebral arch of axis FMA:24053 UBERON:0000218 uberon vertebral foramen of second cervical vertebra vertebral foramen of atlas . FMA:24293 SCTID:281228008 UBERON:0000219 uberon vertebral foramen of first cervical vertebra . Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy)#Vertebral_foramen atlanto-occipital joint FMA:24939 SCTID:361831006 The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital UBERON:0000220 articulatio atlanto-occipitalis articulatio atlantooccipitalis craniovertebral joint ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint-Atlanto uberon FMA:24939 craniovertebral joint FMA:24939 articulatio atlanto-occipitalis Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint articulatio atlantooccipitalis FMA The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint supraauricular point FMA:224222 UBERON:0000221 a craniometric point on the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone directly above the auricular point. supra-auricular part of head uberon FMA:224222 supra-auricular part of head a craniometric point on the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone directly above the auricular point. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=70620 FMA amniotic cavity BTO:0000025 EHDAA2:0000119 EHDAA:83 EMAPA:16079 FMA:63941 SCTID:280366002 The amniotic cavity is formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold, which first makes its appearance at the cephalic extremity, and subsequently at the caudal end and sides of the embryo. As the amniotic fold rises and fuses over the dorsal aspect of the embryo, the amniotic cavity is formed. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000301 UBERON:BTO_0000025-FMA_63941 VHOG:0000855 cavitas amniotica ncithesaurus:Amniotic_Cavity uberon Wikipedia:Amniotic_cavity cavitas amniotica The amniotic cavity is formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold, which first makes its appearance at the cephalic extremity, and subsequently at the caudal end and sides of the embryo. As the amniotic fold rises and fuses over the dorsal aspect of the embryo, the amniotic cavity is formed. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Amniotic_cavity adductor longus AAO:0010034 An adductor muscle that attaches to the hip and femur. In humans, it is a part of the adductor group of the thigh, that as the name suggests adducts the thigh. The adductor longus muscle forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle[WP, generalized]. BTO:0000029 Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the iliac portion of the ventral iliac rim and inserts on the lateral surface of the M. adductor magnus." [AAO:0010034] FMA:22441 Musculus adductor longus SCTID:181686003 UBERON:0000303 UBERON:BTO_0000029-FMA_22441 adductor longus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG long adductor muscle musculus adductor longus uberon dbpedia linea aspera BTO:0000029 long adductor muscle dbpedia pubic body just below the pubic crest Wikipedia An adductor muscle that attaches to the hip and femur. In humans, it is a part of the adductor group of the thigh, that as the name suggests adducts the thigh. The adductor longus muscle forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle[WP, generalized]. Wikipedia:Adductor_longus_muscle BTO:0000029 musculus adductor longus Musculus adductor longus Wikipedia:Adductor_longus_muscle tendon sheath A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath BTO:0000051 FMA:76715 SCTID:361885006 TODO: add layer relations UBERON:0000304 UBERON:BTO_0000051-FMA_76715 ncithesaurus:Tendon_Sheath uberon vagina tendinis A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath vagina tendinis amnion A membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo. It is developed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which are hence called “Amniota”; but not in amphibians and fish (Ichthyopsida), which are consequently termed “Anamniota”. The primary function of this is the protection of the embryo for its development. It stems from parts of the mesoderm on the outer side and the ectoderm on the inner side[WP]. BTO:0000065 EHDAA2:0000116 EHDAA:136 EMAPA:16109 EV:0100122 FMA:80223 GAID:1298 MESH:A.16.254.403.277 SCTID:181457005 UBERON:0000305 UBERON:BTO_0000065-FMA_80223 VHOG:0000721 ncithesaurus:Amnion uberon ISBN10:0073040584 A membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo. It is developed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which are hence called “Amniota”; but not in amphibians and fish (Ichthyopsida), which are consequently termed “Anamniota”. The primary function of this is the protection of the embryo for its development. It stems from parts of the mesoderm on the outer side and the ectoderm on the inner side[WP]. Wikipedia:Amnion ISBN10:0073040584 blastula BILA:0000059 BTO:0000128 GAID:1294 MESH:A.16.254.270.274 OGEM:000006 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula UBERON:0000307 UBERON:0007011 UBERON:BTO_0000128-FMA_83041 blastosphere blastula embryo http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/200px-Blastulation.png uberon Wikipedia:Blastula blastosphere BILA:0000059 blastula embryo Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. Wikipedia:Blastula body wall BTO:0000139 FMA:10427 Koerperwand SCTID:281483004 UBERON:0000309 UBERON:BTO_0000139-FMA_10427 galen:BodyWall the external portion of an animal body comprised of ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity. trunk wall uberon wall of trunk FMA:10427 trunk wall MP:0003385 the external portion of an animal body comprised of ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity. BTO:0000139 Koerperwand FMA:10427 wall of trunk breast BTO:0000149 EV:0100124 FMA:9601 GAID:33 MESH:A.01.236 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjV7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181131000 The breast is the upper ventral region of an animal's torso, particularly that of mammals, including human beings. The breasts of a female primate’s body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000310 UBERON:BTO_0000149-FMA_9601 galen:Breast http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Closeup_of_female_breast.jpg/200px-Closeup_of_female_breast.jpg mamma mammary part of chest mammary region ncithesaurus:Breast uberon FMA:9601 mammary part of chest Wikipedia:Breast mamma The breast is the upper ventral region of an animal's torso, particularly that of mammals, including human beings. The breasts of a female primate’s body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Breast FMA:9601 mammary region extensor muscle A muscle that, upon contraction, tends to straighten a joint or limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle[BTO]. Any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward. The movement is usually directed backward, with the notable exception of the knee joint. In humans, certain muscles of the hand and foot are named for this function. In the hand these include the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris, which run from the humerus (bone of the upper arm) along the back of the forearm to the metacarpal bones at the back of the hand[Britannica] BTO:0000151 FMA:75000 UBERON:0000311 UBERON:BTO_0000151-FMA_74561 extensor uberon A muscle that, upon contraction, tends to straighten a joint or limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle[BTO]. Any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward. The movement is usually directed backward, with the notable exception of the knee joint. In humans, certain muscles of the hand and foot are named for this function. In the hand these include the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris, which run from the humerus (bone of the upper arm) along the back of the forearm to the metacarpal bones at the back of the hand[Britannica] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/198909/extensor-muscle inner cambium layer of periosteum FMA:234358 UBERON:0000312 UBERON:BTO_0000170-FMA_234358 cambial layer cambial layer of periosteum cambium cambium layer of periosteum inner cambial layer of periosteum osteogenic layer of periosteum uberon FMA:234358 cambium layer of periosteum FMA:234358 cambial layer FMA FMA:234358 inner cambial layer of periosteum Wikipedia:Periosteum osteogenic layer of periosteum FMA:234358 cambial layer of periosteum tibial cartilage BTO:0000207 Cartilage pertaining to the tibia. FMA:33923 TODO UBERON:0000313 UBERON:BTO_0000207-FMA_33923 cartilage of tibia uberon FMA:33923 cartilage of tibia Cartilage pertaining to the tibia. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource cecum mucosa A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Obol]. BTO:0000213 Cecal mucosa FMA:14998 UBERON:0000314 UBERON:BTO_0000213-FMA_14998 caecum mucosa caecum mucosa of organ caecum mucous membrane caecum organ mucosa cecum mucosa of organ cecum mucous membrane cecum organ mucosa intestinum crassum caecum mucosa intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa mucosa of caecum mucosa of cecum mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ of caecum mucosa of organ of cecum mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane of caecum mucous membrane of cecum mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa of caecum organ mucosa of cecum organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum uberon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of caecum OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic caecum mucosa OBOL:automatic cecum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic cecum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of caecum OBOL:automatic cecum mucous membrane Cecal mucosa FMA:14998 OBOL:automatic mucosa of caecum A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cecum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic mucosa of cecum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cecum OBOL:automatic caecum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of caecum OBOL:automatic mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic caecum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic caecum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cecum subarachnoid space BTO:0000230 EMAPA:18211 EMAPA:19053 EMAPA:19054 EMAPA:19055 EMAPA:25079 FMA:83716 GAID:689 MESH:A.08.186.566.166.686 SCTID:362311001 UBERON:0000315 UBERON:BTO_0000230-FMA_83716 cavitas subarachnoidea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray769.png/200px-Gray769.png spatium leptomeningeum spatium subarachnoideum spatium subarachnoideum, cavum subarachnoideale subarachnoid cavity the space between the arachnoid and dura mater that is traversed by fibrous trabeculae and contains cerebrospinal fluid. uberon BTO:0000230 subarachnoid cavity BTO:0000230 spatium subarachnoideum MP:0009027 Wikipedia:Subarachnoid_space the space between the arachnoid and dura mater that is traversed by fibrous trabeculae and contains cerebrospinal fluid. BTO:0000230 spatium leptomeningeum BTO:0000230 cavitas subarachnoidea Wikipedia:Subarachnoid_space spatium subarachnoideum, cavum subarachnoideale cervical mucus BTO:0000242 FMA:83689 MESH:A.12.200.503.339 Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation[WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus. UBERON:0000316 UBERON:BTO_0000242-FMA_83689 cervix mucus uberon Obol:automatic cervix mucus Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation[WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus. Wikipedia:Cervix#Cervical_mucus Wikipedia:Mucus#Reproductive_system FMA colonic mucosa A mucosa that is part of a colon [Obol]. BTO:0000271 EFO:0003038 EMAPA:27375 FMA:14984 FMA:85388 SCTID:362157008 UBERON:0000317 UBERON:0003347 UBERON:0004981 UBERON:BTO_0000271-FMA_14984 colon mucosa colon mucosa of organ colon mucous membrane colon organ mucosa colonic mucous membrane large bowel mucosa large bowel mucosa of organ large bowel mucous membrane large bowel organ mucosa mucosa of colon mucosa of large bowel mucosa of organ of colon mucosa of organ of large bowel mucosa of segment of colon mucous membrane of colon mucous membrane of large bowel organ mucosa of colon organ mucosa of large bowel uberon FMA:14984 colon mucosa OBOL:automatic large bowel mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of colon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of large bowel OBOL:automatic colon organ mucosa FMA:85388 mucosa of segment of colon OBOL:automatic colon mucous membrane FMA:14984 colonic mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of large bowel OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of large bowel OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of colon OBOL:automatic large bowel organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of large bowel FMA:14984 mucosa of colon OBOL:automatic colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic large bowel mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of colon OBOL:automatic large bowel mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cytotrophoblast BTO:0000322 EHDAA:127 EHDAA:152 EHDAA:89 EMAPA:16067 FMA:83039 Langhans' layer SCTID:308841008 The cytotrophoblast (or layer of Langhans) is the inner layer of the trophoblast, interior to the syncytiotrophoblast in an embryo. It serves to anchor the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium. Cytotrophoblasts are stem cells in the chorionic villi. During differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast fuse together into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. The primary villi has only the cytotrophoblast as an axe. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000319 UBERON:BTO_0000322-FMA_83039 cellular trophoblast cytotrophoblastic cell cytotrophoblastic cell layer cytotrophoblastus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray36.png/200px-Gray36.png ncithesaurus:Cytotrophoblast uberon Wikipedia:Cytotrophoblast cytotrophoblastus UBERON:cjm cytotrophoblastic cell layer BTO:0000322 Langhans' layer The cytotrophoblast (or layer of Langhans) is the inner layer of the trophoblast, interior to the syncytiotrophoblast in an embryo. It serves to anchor the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium. Cytotrophoblasts are stem cells in the chorionic villi. During differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast fuse together into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. The primary villi has only the cytotrophoblast as an axe. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cytotrophoblast FMA:83039 cytotrophoblastic cell FMA:83039 cellular trophoblast duodenal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. BTO:0000367 Doudenal mucosa Duodenal mucous membrane EMAPA:27235 FMA:14942 SCTID:362146003 UBERON:0000320 UBERON:0003348 UBERON:BTO_0000367-FMA_14942 duodenum mucosa mucosa of duodenum mucous membrane of duodenum uberon Doudenal mucosa FMA:14942 Duodenal mucous membrane FMA:14942 OBOL:automatic mucosa of duodenum A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic BTO:0000367 duodenum mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of duodenum cerebral lobe BTO:0000445 Cerebral lobes Cerebral lobes set FMA:77800 SCTID:272632001 UBERON:0000322 UBERON:BTO_0000445-FMA_77800 lobi cerebri set/singular uberon FMA:77800 FMA:TA lobi cerebri Cerebral lobes FMA:77800 Cerebral lobes set FMA:77800 late embryo BTO:0000449 EFO:0001323 FMA:63919 GAID:552 MESH:A.16.378 OpenCyc:Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:83418008 TODO - check fetus/embryo. WP: An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination. In humans, it is called an embryo until about eight weeks after fertilization (i.e. ten weeks LMP), and from then it is instead called a fetus. UBERON:0000323 UBERON:BTO_0000449-FMA_63919 embryo late growth stage embryo late stage fetus ncithesaurus:Fetus uberon BTO:0000449 fetus BTO:0000449 embryo late growth stage BTO:0000449 embryo late stage gastric gland BTO:0000503 FMA:14919 UBERON:0000325 UBERON:BTO_0000503-FMA_14919 any of the branched tubules in the inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus. uberon cjm ISBN10:0073040584 pancreatic juice BTO:0000504 FMA:62973 GAID:1166 MESH:A.12.200.567 Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. UBERON:0000326 UBERON:BTO_0000504-FMA_62973 succus pancreaticus uberon BTO:0000504 succus pancreaticus GO:0030157 Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. gut wall BTO:0000547 FMA:45653 UBERON:0000328 UBERON:BTO_0000547-FMA_45653 uberon wall of gut FMA:45653 wall of gut hair root BTO:0000555 FMA:70730 The enlarged basal part of a hair within the skin[BTO]. The root of the hair ends in an enlargement, the hair bulb, which is whiter in color and softer in texture than the shaft, and is lodged in a follicular involution of the epidermis called the hair follicle. [Wikipedia]. UBERON:0000329 UBERON:BTO_0000555-FMA_70730 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray944.png/200px-Gray944.png ncithesaurus:Hair_Root root of hair uberon FMA:70730 root of hair BTO:0000555 The enlarged basal part of a hair within the skin[BTO]. The root of the hair ends in an enlargement, the hair bulb, which is whiter in color and softer in texture than the shaft, and is lodged in a follicular involution of the epidermis called the hair follicle. [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Hair_root ileal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Obol]. BTO:0000619 FMA:14956 Ileal mucous membrane Ileum mucosa SCTID:85458007 UBERON:0000331 UBERON:BTO_0000619-FMA_14956 ileum mucosa ileum mucosa of organ ileum mucous membrane ileum organ mucosa mucosa of ileum mucosa of organ of ileum mucous membrane of ileum organ mucosa of ileum uberon OBOL:automatic ileum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ileum OBOL:automatic mucosa of ileum OBOL:automatic ileum mucosa of organ FMA:14956 Ileal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ileum A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ileum FMA:14956 Ileum mucosa OBOL:automatic ileum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic ileum mucosa yellow bone marrow BTO:0000635 FMA:74596 SCTID:5023006 UBERON:0000332 UBERON:BTO_0000635-FMA_74596 fat marrow medulla ossium flava uberon yellow marrow BTO:0000635 medulla ossium flava BTO:0000635 yellow marrow BTO:0000635 fat marrow intestinal gland A gland that is part of a intestinal mucosa [Obol]. BTO:0000640 FMA:15052 Glandula intestinalis Lieberkuehn`s gland SCTID:266297002 TODO check UBERON:0001983 UBERON:0000333 UBERON:BTO_0000640-FMA_15052 bowel mucosa gland bowel mucosa of organ gland bowel mucous membrane gland bowel organ mucosa gland crypt of Lieberkuehn gland of Lieberkuehn gland of bowel mucosa gland of bowel mucosa of organ gland of bowel mucous membrane gland of bowel organ mucosa gland of intestinal mucosa gland of intestine mucosa gland of intestine mucosa of organ gland of intestine mucous membrane gland of intestine organ mucosa gland of mucosa of bowel gland of mucosa of intestine gland of mucosa of organ of bowel gland of mucosa of organ of intestine gland of mucous membrane of bowel gland of mucous membrane of intestine gland of organ mucosa of bowel gland of organ mucosa of intestine intestinal mucosa gland intestine mucosa gland intestine mucosa of organ gland intestine mucous membrane gland intestine organ mucosa gland mucosa of bowel gland mucosa of intestine gland mucosa of organ of bowel gland mucosa of organ of intestine gland mucous membrane of bowel gland mucous membrane of intestine gland organ mucosa of bowel gland organ mucosa of intestine gland uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of intestine gland OBOL:automatic gland of intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of bowel mucosa of organ FMA:15052 Glandula intestinalis OBOL:automatic bowel mucosa gland OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intestine gland OBOL:automatic gland of organ mucosa of bowel BTO:0000640 gland of Lieberkuehn OBOL:automatic bowel mucous membrane gland BTO:0000640 Lieberkuehn`s gland OBOL:automatic gland of mucous membrane of intestine OBOL:automatic bowel organ mucosa gland OBOL:automatic intestinal mucosa gland OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intestine gland OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bowel gland OBOL:automatic intestine mucous membrane gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of bowel gland OBOL:automatic gland of intestine mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of organ of bowel OBOL:automatic intestine mucosa gland OBOL:automatic gland of intestinal mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of organ of intestine OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bowel gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intestine gland OBOL:automatic intestine mucosa of organ gland OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of bowel OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of intestine OBOL:automatic gland of organ mucosa of intestine OBOL:automatic gland of bowel organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of intestine mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gland of mucous membrane of bowel OBOL:automatic gland of bowel mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bowel gland OBOL:automatic gland of intestine mucosa OBOL:automatic intestine organ mucosa gland BTO:0000640 crypt of Lieberkuehn A gland that is part of a intestinal mucosa [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gland of bowel mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bowel mucosa of organ gland throat BTO:0000828 FMA:228738 In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]. OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtO_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000341 UBERON:BTO_0000828-FMA_228738 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Throat_Diagram.png/200px-Throat_Diagram.png ncithesaurus:Throat uberon In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Throat mucosa A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP] AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 EHDAA2:0003234 EV:0100382 Editor note: - check - mucosa vs region of mucosa. In FMA these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:A.10.615.550 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361693009 UBERON:0000344 UBERON:BTO_0000886-FMA_85355 galen:Mucosa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane ncithesaurus:Mucosa organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa uberon FMA:85358 region of mucosa FMA:85355 organ mucosa FMA:85355 mucous membrane FMA:85355 mucosa of organ FMA:85358 mucosa of organ part FMA:85358 mucosal region Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane tunica mucosa BTO:0000886 tunica mucosa A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP] Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane myelin BTO:0000894 FMA:62977 UBERON:0000345 UBERON:BTO_0000894-FMA_62977 a dielectric (electrically insulating) material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. Myelin is about 40 % water; the dry mass of myelin is about 70 - 85 % lipids and about 15 - 30 % proteins. Some of the proteins that make up myelin are myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and proteolipid protein (PLP). The primary lipid of myelin is a glycolipid called galactocerebroside (GalC). The intertwining hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin serve to strengthen the myelin sheath. editor note: cede to other ontology. Retired in ncit ncithesaurus:Myelin uberon Wikipedia:Myelin a dielectric (electrically insulating) material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. Myelin is about 40 % water; the dry mass of myelin is about 70 - 85 % lipids and about 15 - 30 % proteins. Some of the proteins that make up myelin are myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and proteolipid protein (PLP). The primary lipid of myelin is a glycolipid called galactocerebroside (GalC). The intertwining hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin serve to strengthen the myelin sheath. myelin membrane BTO has def The multilamellar myelin membrane is a specisalised lipid-rich domain of the glial cell plasma membrane. FMA has primary term name Myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell BTO:0000895 FMA:73417 UBERON:0000346 UBERON:BTO_0000895-FMA_73417 myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell uberon FMA:73417 myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell myelin sheath BTO:0000900 FMA:62983 GAID:731 GO:0043209 MESH:A.08.637.600.500 UBERON:0000347 UBERON:BTO_0000900-FMA_62983 medullary sheath ncithesaurus:Myelin_Sheath the insulating envelope that surrounds nerve fibers or axons. uberon MP:0003871 the insulating envelope that surrounds nerve fibers or axons. BTO:0000900 medullary sheath ophthalmic nerve BTO:0000926 EHDAA2:0002088 EHDAA:3744 EMAPA:17800 FMA:52621 First division of fifth cranial nerve First division of trigeminal nerve GAID:837 MA:0001104 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.760.650 Nervus ophthalmicus (V1) Nervus ophthalmicus (Va) OpenCyc:Mx4rwEs_K5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Ophthalmic division [V1] Ophthalmic division [Va] Ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1) Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va) Ophthalmic nerve [V1] Ophthalmic nerve [Va] SCTID:280210000 UBERON:0000348 UBERON:BTO_0000926-FMA_52621 VHOG:0001349 ncithesaurus:Ophthalmic_Nerve nervus ophthalmicus [v1] nervus ophthalmicus [va] ophthalmic division the sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead. trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division uberon FMA:52621 Ophthalmic division [Va] BTO:0000926 ophthalmic division MP:0009798 the sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead. FMA:52621 Nervus ophthalmicus (V1) FMA:52621 Ophthalmic division [V1] FMA:52621 Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va) FMA:52621 Ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52621 FMA:TA nervus ophthalmicus [v1] FMA:52621 Nervus ophthalmicus (Va) FMA:52621 Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1) FMA:52621 First division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52621 Ophthalmic nerve [V1] FMA:52621 FMA:TA nervus ophthalmicus [va] MA:0001104 trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division FMA:52621 First division of trigeminal nerve FMA:52621 Ophthalmic nerve [Va] limbic system A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. including the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, and limbic cortex, which support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, and olfaction [Wikipedia]. BTO:0000928 FMA:242000 GAID:615 MESH:A.08.186.211.577 OpenCyc:Mx4rwAeba5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361342009 UBERON:0000349 UBERON:BTO_0000928-FMA_242000 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Brain_limbicsystem.jpg/200px-Brain_limbicsystem.jpg ncithesaurus:Limbic_System obsoletion recommended. The current part_of children were chosen as the intersection of what is stated in wikipedia and in the FMA. NIF: We are including Limbic System because it is still used by neuroscientists and others, but as a data annotation term, it is very poor because it is not a clearly defined entity. uberon GO A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. including the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, and limbic cortex, which support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, and olfaction [Wikipedia]. BIRNLEX:Limbic_system Wikipedia:Limbic_system nuchal ligament BTO:0000952 EMAPA:19207 FMA:13427 SCTID:166962007 UBERON:0000351 UBERON:BTO_0000952-FMA_13427 a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebræ. As it is required for running, not all animals have a nuchal ligament ligament of neck ligamentum nuchae paxwax uberon Wikipedia:Nuchal_ligament a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebræ. As it is required for running, not all animals have a nuchal ligament FMA:13427 ligament of neck FMA:13427 ligamentum nuchae parenchyma EHDAA:3015 EHDAA:3905 EHDAA:3999 EHDAA:4005 EHDAA:6899 EHDAA:6903 EHDAA:6994 EHDAA:8086 EHDAA:9182 EHDAA:9190 EHDAA:9196 EHDAA:9202 FMA:45732 UBERON:0000353 UBERON:BTO_0000999-FMA_45732 functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin[WP]. ncithesaurus:Parenchyma uberon Wikipedia:Parenchyma functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin[WP]. pharyngeal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. BTO:0001047 EMAPA:26957 EMAPA:26965 FMA:55031 Mucous membrane of pharynx SCTID:362121003 UBERON:0000355 UBERON:0003344 UBERON:BTO_0001047-FMA_55031 mucosa of organ of pharynx mucosa of pharynx mucous membrane of pharynx mucous membrane of the pharynx organ mucosa of pharynx pharynx mucosa pharynx mucosa of organ pharynx mucous membrane pharynx organ mucosa tunica mucosa pharyngea tunica mucosa pharyngis uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pharynx BTO:0001047 mucous membrane of the pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx mucous membrane FMA:55031 Mucous membrane of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic pharynx organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:55031 FMA:TA tunica mucosa pharyngea blastocyst BTO:0001099 EFO:0000295 EV:0100394 FMA:83041 GAID:1153 MESH:A.16.254.085 OGEM:000006 SCTID:308837009 The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. UBERON:0000358 UBERON:BTO_0001099-FMA_83041 blastocystis blastula http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg/200px-Blastocyst_English.svg.png ncithesaurus:Blastocyst uberon Wikipedia:Blastocyst blastocystis FMA:83041 blastula GO:0001824 The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. Wikipedia:Blastocyst preputial gland An exocrine gland that are located in front of the genitals of some mammals (including mice) and produce pheromones[WP]. FMA:71652 SCTID:278916008 UBERON:0000359 UBERON:BTO_0001111-FMA_71652 glandulae preputiales ncithesaurus:Prepucial_Gland_MMHCC preputial glands preputial glands set uberon An exocrine gland that are located in front of the genitals of some mammals (including mice) and produce pheromones[WP]. Wikipedia:Preputial_gland FMA:71652 preputial glands FMA:71652 preputial glands set FMA:71652 FMA:TA glandulae preputiales rectal gland UBERON:0000360 UBERON:0004757 UBERON:0004758 UBERON:0004759 UBERON:0004760 UBERON:BTO_0001157-FMA_15724 true uberon red bone marrow BTO:0001160 FMA:74595 SCTID:75330005 UBERON:0000361 UBERON:BTO_0001160-FMA_74595 medulla ossium rubra red marrow uberon BTO:0001160 red marrow BTO:0001160 medulla ossium rubra renal medulla BTO:0001167 EMAPA:19279 FMA:74268 GAID:425 MA:0000373 MESH:A.05.810.453.466 SCTID:30737000 The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the arcuate arterioles. The arcuate arterioles each in turn branch into interlobular arterioles, which finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal ureter. The renal medulla (latin renes medulla = kidney middle) contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. The renal medulla is hypertonic to the filtrate in the nephron and aids in the reabsorption of water. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000362 UBERON:BTO_0001167-FMA_86327 galen:MedullaOfKidney http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney.jpg kidney medulla medulla of kidney medulla renalis medullary pyramids ncithesaurus:Renal_Medulla pyramides renales renal marrow renal medullae renal medullae set renal pyramids renal pyramids set uberon OBOL:automatic kidney medulla BTO:0001167 renal marrow FMA:86327 renal medullae set FMA:74268 renal pyramids FMA:74268 FMA:TA medulla renalis FMA:74268 FMA:TA pyramides renales FMA:74268 renal pyramids set The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the arcuate arterioles. The arcuate arterioles each in turn branch into interlobular arterioles, which finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal ureter. The renal medulla (latin renes medulla = kidney middle) contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. The renal medulla is hypertonic to the filtrate in the nephron and aids in the reabsorption of water. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Renal_medulla FMA:86327 renal medullae FMA:74268 medullary pyramids OBOL:automatic medulla of kidney reticuloendothelial system A part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the RES. A lymphoma of the reticuloendothelial system is called reticuloendotheliosis[WP]. BTO:0001174 EV:0100048 FMA:84189 GAID:1004 MESH:A.15.382.812 RES SCTID:278874002 UBERON:0000363 UBERON:BTO_0001174-FMA_84189 lymphoreticular lymphoreticular system mononuclear phagocyte system ncithesaurus:Reticuloendothelial_System uberon BioMart:BioMart lymphoreticular RES Wikipedia:Reticuloendothelial_system FMA:84189 mononuclear phagocyte system A part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the RES. A lymphoma of the reticuloendothelial system is called reticuloendotheliosis[WP]. Wikipedia:Reticuloendothelial_system Wikipedia:Reticuloendothelial_system lymphoreticular system rootlet BTO:0001192 Rootlets Rootlets set UBERON:0000364 UBERON:BTO_0001192-FMA_76787 fila radicularia true uberon FMA:76787 Rootlets FMA:76787 FMA:TA fila radicularia FMA:76787 Rootlets set urothelium BTO:0003906 EMAPA:28089 FMA:67695 GAID:935 MESH:A.10.272.850 SCTID:57789003 The urothelium is the epithelial tissue layer that lines much of the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, the ureters, the bladder, and parts of the urethra. UBERON:0000365 UBERON:BTO_0001245-FMA_67695 consider merging with transitional epithelium. MA uses the label 'urothelium' exclusively. FMA uses 'transitional epithelium' and has 'urothelium' as a sibling. FMA also lists 'urothelium' as the only example of 'transitional epithelium' ncithesaurus:Urothelium uberon uroepithelium The urothelium is the epithelial tissue layer that lines much of the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, the ureters, the bladder, and parts of the urethra. Wikipedia:Urothelium FMA:67695 uroepithelium flexor muscle A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body. BTO:0001257 FMA:74559 FMA:74999 TAO:0005271 UBERON:0000366 UBERON:BTO_0001257-FMA_74559 ZFA:0005271 flexor uberon A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body. BTO:0001257 adductor brevis BTO:0001288 FMA:22442 Musculus adductos brevis OpenCyc:Mx4rv13lfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181687007 The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus. It is somewhat triangular in form, and arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward, are inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.[WP]. UBERON:0000368 UBERON:BTO_0001288-FMA_22442 adductor brevis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG uberon The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus. It is somewhat triangular in form, and arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward, are inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.[WP]. Wikipedia:Adductor_brevis_muscle FMA:22442 Musculus adductos brevis dbpedia the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur Wikipedia anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis dbpedia dbpedia corpus striatum BTO:0001311 EFO:0000381 EMAPA:17549 EV:0100184 FMA:77616 GAID:667 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.105.487 SCTID:279318005 The corpus striatum (striated body) is a compound structure consisting of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the putamen and the globus pallidus[WP]. The term has been used in a few different ways: * It is a pair of nuclear masses which form the basal ganglia, along with the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. * It may also refer to both the basal ganglia and internal capsule collectively.[2] * According to the 1917 version of Gray's Anatomy, it is the combination of the lentiform nucleus (also known as the lenticular nucleus) and the caudate nucleus * According to BrainInfo it is a part of the basal ganglia comprising the globus pallidus and striatum UBERON:0000369 UBERON:BTO_0001311-FMA_77616 VHOG:0001175 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray656.png/200px-Gray656.png ncithesaurus:Corpus_Striatum striate body striated body uberon BTO:0001311 striate body MA BTO:0001311 striated body definitional The corpus striatum (striated body) is a compound structure consisting of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the putamen and the globus pallidus[WP]. Wikipedia:Corpus_striatum adductor magnus AAO:0010040 An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized]. BTO:0001312 Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Origin by two heads that are separated by a ventral tendon of the M. semitendinosus. One head originates from the ventral border of the pubic portion of the pelvic rim. The other head originates from the ischiatic border of the pelvic rim. The ventral head fuses with accessory head from the M. semitendinosus and inserts along the ventro-medial border of the femur. The dorsal belly merges with the ventral and accessory heads and inserts along the medial surface of the femur." [AAO:0010040] FMA:22443 OpenCyc:Mx4rvuSd6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181688002 UBERON:0000370 UBERON:BTO_0001312-FMA_22443 adductor magnus muscle galen:AdductorMagnus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG musculus adductor magnus uberon dbpedia posterior branch of obturator nerve and sciatic nerve Wikipedia:Adductor_magnus_muscle musculus adductor magnus An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized]. Wikipedia:Adductor_magnus_muscle dbpedia posterior branch of obturator nerve and sciatic nerve Wikipedia dbpedia dbpedia tuberosity of the ischium syncytiotrophoblast BTO:0001335 EHDAA:129 EHDAA:91 EMAPA:16068 FMA:83040 SCTID:256965005 UBERON:0000371 UBERON:BTO_0001335-FMA_83040 ncithesaurus:Syncytiotrophoblast outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast. syncitiotrophoblastus syncytial trophoblast syntrophoblast syntrophoblast layer uberon FMA:83040 syncytial trophoblast ISBN10:0073040584 syntrophoblast layer Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast syncitiotrophoblastus EMAPA Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast. BTO FMA extensor digitorum brevis BTO:0001337 FMA:51140 UBERON:0000372 UBERON:BTO_0001337-FMA_51140 a muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4. extensor digitorum brevis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1241.png/200px-Gray1241.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray441.png/200px-Gray441.png musculus extensor digitorum brevis uberon dbpedia proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges 2 3 and 4 BTO Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle musculus extensor digitorum brevis Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle a muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4. dbpedia dorsal surface of calcaneus tapetum of corpus callosum FMA:77208 On either side of the corpus collosum, the fibers radiate in the white substance and pass to the various parts of the cerebral cortex; those curving forward from the genu into the frontal lobe constitute the forceps anterior, and those curving backward into the occipital lobe, the forceps posterior. Between these two parts is the main body of the fibers which constitute the tapetum and extend laterally on either side into the temporal lobe, and cover in the central part of the lateral ventricle. [Wikipedia via Greys] SCTID:279312006 UBERON:0000373 UBERON:BTO_0001350-FMA_77208 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gray733.png/200px-Gray733.png not to be confused with BTO:0001350 or GO:0048655-tapetal layer morphogenesis tapetum tapetum corporis callosi uberon Wikipedia:Tapetum_of_corpus_callosum tapetum corporis callosi On either side of the corpus collosum, the fibers radiate in the white substance and pass to the various parts of the cerebral cortex; those curving forward from the genu into the frontal lobe constitute the forceps anterior, and those curving backward into the occipital lobe, the forceps posterior. Between these two parts is the main body of the fibers which constitute the tapetum and extend laterally on either side into the temporal lobe, and cover in the central part of the lateral ventricle. [Wikipedia via Greys] Wikipedia:Tapetum_of_corpus_callosum FMA:77208 tapetum mandibular nerve BTO:0001375 EHDAA2:0002086 FMA:52996 GAID:834 Inferior maxillary nerve MA:0001101 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.760.500 Nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3] OpenCyc:Mx4rvcQKSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280212008 UBERON:0000375 UBERON:BTO_0001375-FMA_52996 VHOG:0001345 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray781.png/200px-Gray781.png mandibular division [V3] mandibular division [Vc] mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3] mandibular nerve [V3] mandibular nerve [Vc] n. mandibularis ncithesaurus:Inferior_Maxillary_Nerve nervus mandibularis nervus mandibularis [v3] nervus mandibularis [vc] the motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. third division of fifth cranial nerve third division of trigeminal nerve trigeminal V nerve mandibular division uberon FMA:52996 Inferior maxillary nerve MP:0009800 Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve the motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. FMA:52996 mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3] FMA:52996 FMA:TA nervus mandibularis [v3] MA:0001101 trigeminal V nerve mandibular division FMA:52996 mandibular nerve [V3] FMA:52996 FMA:TA nervus mandibularis [vc] FMA:52996 third division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52996 Nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3] FMA:52996 third division of trigeminal nerve BTO:0001375 nervus mandibularis Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve n. mandibularis FMA:52996 mandibular division [V3] FMA:52996 mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52996 mandibular division [Vc] FMA:52996 mandibular nerve [Vc] hindlimb stylopod AAO:0000199 BTO:0001376 EFO:0001943 EHDAA2:0002130 EHDAA:5171 EHDAA:6200 EMAPA:17499 FMA:24967 GAID:50 In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. The single bone in the thigh is called the femur. This bone is very thick and strong (due to the high proportion of cortical bone), and forms a ball and socket joint at the hip, and a condylar joint at the knee. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000052 MESH:A.01.378.610.750 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjN7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302544002 UBERON:0000376 UBERON:BTO_0001376-FMA_24967 VHOG:0000349 femur fore propodium forelimb propodium galen:Thigh hind limb stylopod hindlimb stylopod hindlimb stylopodium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gray1238.png/200px-Gray1238.png inferior member stylopod lower extremity stylopod ncithesaurus:Thigh proximal segment of free lower limb stylopod of hind limb stylopod of hindlimb stylopod of inferior member stylopod of lower extremity stylopod of lower limb thigh uberon upper leg Wikipedia:Thigh femur OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod AAO:0000199 fore propodium OBOL:automatic stylopod of inferior member In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. The single bone in the thigh is called the femur. This bone is very thick and strong (due to the high proportion of cortical bone), and forms a ball and socket joint at the hip, and a condylar joint at the knee. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thigh OBOL:automatic inferior member stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity stylopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopodium OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod MA FMA:24967 proximal segment of free lower limb MA:0000052 upper leg maxillary nerve BTO:0001378 EHDAA2:0002087 FMA:52724 GAID:836 MA:0001103 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.760.550 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNU9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280211001 UBERON:0000377 UBERON:BTO_0001378-FMA_52724 VHOG:0001346 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray779.png/200px-Gray779.png maxillary division [V2] maxillary division [Vb] maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) maxillary nerve [V2] maxillary nerve [Vb] n. maxillaris nervus maxillaris nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) nervus maxillaris [v2] nervus maxillaris [vb] second division of fifth cranial nerve second division of trigeminal nerve the sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. trigeminal V nerve maxillary division uberon FMA:52724 maxillary division [Vb] FMA:52724 maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve MA:0001103 trigeminal V nerve maxillary division MP:0009799 Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve the sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. FMA:52724 maxillary nerve [Vb] FMA:52724 nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) FMA:52724 FMA:TA nervus maxillaris [vb] FMA:52724 maxillary division [V2] FMA:52724 FMA:TA nervus maxillaris [v2] FMA:52724 maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) BTO:0001378 nervus maxillaris FMA:52724 second division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52724 maxillary nerve [V2] FMA:52724 second division of trigeminal nerve Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve n. maxillaris tongue muscle BTO:0001386 FMA:46689 SCTID:244781004 UBERON:0000378 UBERON:BTO_0001386-FMA_46689 muscle of tongue musculi linguae ncithesaurus:Tongue_Muscle the muscular portion of the tongue. uberon FMA:46689 muscle of tongue Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue musculi linguae MP:0004136 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue the muscular portion of the tongue. ISBN10:1607950324 tracheal mucosa BTO:0001390 FMA:7471 Mucous membrane of trachea SCTID:660006 Tracheal mucous membrane Tunica mucosa (tracheae) UBERON:0000379 UBERON:BTO_0001390-FMA_7471 mucosa of organ of trachea mucosa of organ of windpipe mucosa of trachea mucosa of windpipe mucous membrane of trachea mucous membrane of windpipe organ mucosa of trachea organ mucosa of windpipe trachea mucosa trachea mucosa of organ trachea mucous membrane trachea organ mucosa tunica mucosa tracheae uberon windpipe mucosa windpipe mucosa of organ windpipe mucous membrane windpipe organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of windpipe OBOL:automatic windpipe mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of trachea OBOL:automatic trachea mucous membrane OBOL:automatic windpipe mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of trachea OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of windpipe OBOL:automatic trachea mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic windpipe mucous membrane OBOL:automatic windpipe organ mucosa FMA:7471 Tunica mucosa (tracheae) FMA:7471 Mucous membrane of trachea FMA:7471 FMA:TA tunica mucosa tracheae FMA:7471 Tracheal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic trachea organ mucosa OBOL:automatic trachea mucosa tuber BTO:0001400 OpenCyc:Mx4raeDj5Cw8QdiT7e8pb2JzAA UBERON:0000380 UBERON:BTO_0001400-FMA_75430 true uberon undefined in FMA. BTO and MIAA refers to plant structure only detrusor BTO:0001453 EMAPA:28637 FMA:68018 MA:0001698 The outer largely longitudinally arranged musculature of the bladder wall[BTO]. The fibers of the detrusor muscle arise from the posterior surface of the body of the pubis in both sexes (musculi pubovesicales), and in the male from the adjacent part of the prostate and its capsule. These fibers pass, in a more or less longitudinal manner, up the inferior surface of the bladder, over its apex, and then descend along its fundus to become attached to the prostate in the male, and to the front of the vagina in the female. At the sides of the bladder the fibers are arranged obliquely and intersect one another[WP]. UBERON:0000381 UBERON:BTO_0001453-FMA_68018 detrusor muscle detrusor muscle of bladder detrusor urinae muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg/200px-Illu_bladder.jpg muscularis propria of the urinary bladder musculus detrusor vesicae urinariae uberon urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle EMAPA:28637 detrusor muscle of bladder MA:0001698 urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle musculus detrusor vesicae urinariae Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle muscularis propria of the urinary bladder Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle detrusor urinae muscle BTO:0001453 The outer largely longitudinally arranged musculature of the bladder wall[BTO]. The fibers of the detrusor muscle arise from the posterior surface of the body of the pubis in both sexes (musculi pubovesicales), and in the male from the adjacent part of the prostate and its capsule. These fibers pass, in a more or less longitudinal manner, up the inferior surface of the bladder, over its apex, and then descend along its fundus to become attached to the prostate in the male, and to the front of the vagina in the female. At the sides of the bladder the fibers are arranged obliquely and intersect one another[WP]. Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle dbpedia-modified BTO:0001453 detrusor muscle dbpedia posterior surface of the body of the pubis apocrine sweat gland A note of confusion is the difference between apocrine secretion and apocrine sweat gland. Apocrine secretion refers to the apical loss of a cell's membrane to create cell blebs, thus creating a secretory product. Apocrine sweat gland refers to a structure, not a secretion process. Apocrine sweat glands actually use a merocrine type secretion, or that mediated by exocytosis of secretory granules. When "apocrine gland" is used without the word sweat, it is often referring to the gland which uses merocrine secretion, and not the secretion method. The important difference in apocrine sweat gland structure is its larger lumen, compared to the more narrow lumen of the eccrine sweat gland. Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), the areola of the nipples, and the genitoanal region. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP]. BTO:0001458 FMA:59155 MESH:A.10.336.899.206 SCTID:399916008 UBERON:0000382 UBERON:BTO_0001458-FMA_59155 ncithesaurus:Apocrine_Sweat_Gland uberon Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), the areola of the nipples, and the genitoanal region. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP]. Wikipedia:Apocrine_sweat_gland musculature of body AAO:0000307 AO notes: we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA Anatomical system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. BILA:0000088 BTO:0001369 BTO:0001485 EFO:0000801 FBbt:00005069 FMA:72954 MA:0002888 MAT:0000025 MIAA:0000025 Set of muscles of body UBERON:0000383 UBERON:BTO_0001485-FMA_72954 VSAO:0000033 XAO:0004042 muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system muskelsystem set of all muscles uberon vertebrate muscular system FMA:72954 Set of muscles of body Anatomical system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0000033 FMA:72954 muscular system BTO:0001485 muskelsystem FMA:72954 set of all muscles BILA:0000088 musculature system BTO:0001369 vertebrate muscular system labial gland BTO:0001548 Labial glands Labial glands set UBERON:0000385 UBERON:BTO_0001548-FMA_71613 glandulae labiales the label 'labial gland' refers to two distinct classes. From the BTO def: 1. One of the small tubular mucous and serous glands lying beneath the mucous membrane of the lips.n2. A salivary gland, or modification thereof, opening at the base of the labium in certain insects. true uberon FMA:71613 Labial glands FMA:71613 Labial glands set FMA:71613 FMA:TA glandulae labiales meniscus BTO:0001592 EV:0100145 FMA:76690 UBERON:0000387 UBERON:BTO_0001592-FMA_76690 articular disc crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint. galen:Meniscus ncithesaurus:Meniscus uberon FMA:76690 articular disc Wikipedia:Meniscus_(anatomy) crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint. epiglottis BTO:0001628 EHDAA2:0004081 EMAPA:18289 Editor note: refine definition to better distinguish cartilage from the whole structure FMA:55130 GAID:111 MESH:A.02.165.507.411 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Pronounced SCTID:245502004 UBERON:0000388 UBERON:BTO_0001628-FMA_55130 a flap of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. ncithesaurus:Epiglottis uberon EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Epiglottis a flap of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. Pronounced Wikipedia:Epiglottis lens cortex BTO:0001632 FMA:58970 MESH:A.09.371.509.225 SCTID:280626006 UBERON:0000389 UBERON:BTO_0001632-FMA_58970 cortex of lens uberon FMA:58970 cortex of lens lens nucleus BTO:0001633 FMA:58971 MESH:A.09.371.509.670 SCTID:280628007 The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. UBERON:0000390 UBERON:BTO_0001633-FMA_58971 editor note: needs checked; cf nucleus in GO nucleus of lens uberon BTO:0001633 The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. FMA:58971 nucleus of lens leptomeninx AO notes: in FMA/NIF this is a superclass of PM/AM - in BTO it is the mereological sum. We go with superclass here, as we are naming the class in the singular. Editor notes: check relationship to secondary meninx BTO:0001634 FMA:231515 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090207 SCTID:362303006 UBERON:0000391 UBERON:BTO_0001634-FMA_231515 arachnoidea mater et pia mater leptomeninges ncithesaurus:Leptomeninges pia mater or arachnoid mater. pia-arachnoid uberon BTO:0001634 pia-arachnoid Wikipedia:Leptomeninges pia mater or arachnoid mater. BTO:0001634 arachnoidea mater et pia mater NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090207 leptomeninges longissimus BTO:0001648 FMA:77178 The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000392 UBERON:BTO_0001648-FMA_77178 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png musculus longissimus musculus longissimus uberon dbpedia BTO:0001648 musculus longissimus Wikipedia:Longissimus musculus longissimus dbpedia FMA dbpedia The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Longissimus cochlear ganglion BTO:0001688 Corti's ganglion EHDAA2:0002198 Editor notes: in BTO this is part of the cochlear modiolus, but this leads to the CG being in both the nervous and skeletal systems FMA:53445 GAID:722 MA:0001085 MESH:A.08.340.390.800 SCTID:368955007 UBERON:0000395 UBERON:BTO_0001688-FMA_53445 VHOG:0001183 ganglion cochlearis ganglion of Corti ganglion spirale ganglion spirale cochleae group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. The cell bodies of the spiral ganglion neurons are found in the spiral structure of the cochlea[WP]. the group of nerve cell bodies that conveys auditory sensation from the organ of Corti to the hindbrain and resides on the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve)[MP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray903.png/200px-Gray903.png spiral ganglion spiral ganglion of cochlea uberon vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion cochlear component BTO:0001688 spiral ganglion of cochlea Wikipedia:Spiral_ganglion ganglion spirale BTO:0001688 ganglion cochlearis MP:0002855 Wikipedia:Spiral_ganglion group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. The cell bodies of the spiral ganglion neurons are found in the spiral structure of the cochlea[WP]. the group of nerve cell bodies that conveys auditory sensation from the organ of Corti to the hindbrain and resides on the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve)[MP]. FMA:53445 spiral ganglion MA FMA BTO:0001688 ganglion spirale cochleae MA:0001085 vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion cochlear component BTO-modified FMA:53445 ganglion of Corti Corti's ganglion FMA:53445 vallate papilla Any one of the largest papilla of the tongue, 8 to 12 in number, arranged in the form of a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongue BTO:0001705 EMAPA:18271 EMAPA:18654 EMAPA:18871 FMA:54822 MA:0001594 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4106_2 UBERON:0000396 UBERON:0002927 UBERON:BTO_0001705-FMA_71449 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4106_2-MA_0001594 Vallate papilla of tongue circumvallate papilla circumvallate papilla of tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gray1015.png/200px-Gray1015.png ncithesaurus:Circumvallate_Papilla papilla vallatae uberon FMA:54822 circumvallate papilla of tongue Any one of the largest papilla of the tongue, 8 to 12 in number, arranged in the form of a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongue BTO:0001705 Wikipedia:Vallate_papilla FMA:71449 FMA:TA papilla vallatae MA:0001594 circumvallate papilla colonic epithelium An epithelium that is part of a colon [Obol]. BTO:0001709 Colon epithelium FMA:17302 SCTID:42978003 TAO:0005128 UBERON:0000397 UBERON:BTO_0001709-FMA_17302 ZFA:0005128 colon epithelial tissue colon epithelium epithelial tissue of colon epithelial tissue of large bowel epithelium of colon epithelium of large bowel large bowel epithelial tissue large bowel epithelium posterior intestine epithelium uberon Colon epithelium FMA:17302 OBOL:automatic colon epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of large bowel OBOL:automatic large bowel epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of large bowel OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of colon OBOL:automatic colon epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of colon An epithelium that is part of a colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic ZFA:0005128 posterior intestine epithelium OBOL:automatic large bowel epithelium sternal cartilage BTO:0001721 FMA:32567 UBERON:0000398 UBERON:BTO_0001721-FMA_32567 cartilage of sternum cartilago costalis uberon FMA:32567 cartilage of sternum BTO:0001721 cartilago costalis jejunal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. BTO:0001742 EMAPA:27109 EMAPA:27347 FMA:14949 SCTID:362151009 UBERON:0000399 UBERON:0003349 UBERON:BTO_0001742-FMA_14949 jejunal mucous membrane jejunum mucosa jejunum mucosa of organ jejunum mucous membrane jejunum organ mucosa mucosa of jejunum mucosa of organ of jejunum mucous membrane of jejunum organ mucosa of jejunum uberon FMA:14949 mucosa of jejunum FMA:14949 jejunal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic jejunum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic jejunum mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of jejunum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of jejunum FMA:14949 jejunum mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of jejunum OBOL:automatic jejunum mucous membrane jejunal epithelium BTO:0001743 FMA:17232 SCTID:57300004 UBERON:0000400 UBERON:BTO_0001743-FMA_17232 uberon FMA BTO mandibular ramus BTO:0001751 EMAPA:25100 FMA:52828 MA:0002815 SCTID:361739000 The ramus of the mandible (perpendicular portion) is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes[WP]. UBERON:0000401 UBERON:BTO_0001751-FMA_52828 lower ramus mandible ramus rami mandibulae ramus mandibulae ramus of mandible uberon Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible ramus mandibulae Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible lower ramus The ramus of the mandible (perpendicular portion) is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes[WP]. Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible FMA:52828 ramus of mandible Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible ramus mandibulae MA:0002815 mandible ramus Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible rami mandibulae nasal vestibule BTO:0001761 FMA:59644 SCTID:278940000 The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It's enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin. The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called nasal cavity proper. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000402 UBERON:BTO_0001761-FMA_59644 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray994.png/200px-Gray994.png uberon vestibular part of nasal cavity vestibulum nasale vestibulum nasi BTO:0001761 vestibulum nasale FMA:59644 vestibular part of nasal cavity BTO:0001761 vestibulum nasi Wikipedia:Nasal_vestibule vestibulum nasi The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It's enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin. The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called nasal cavity proper. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nasal_vestibule scalp BTO:0001809 FMA:46494 GAID:80 MESH:A.01.456.810 OpenCyc:Mx4rwNtaz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181480002 The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000403 UBERON:BTO_0001809-FMA_46494 galen:Scalp http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Double_cowlick.jpg/200px-Double_cowlick.jpg ncithesaurus:Scalp scalpus uberon The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scalp Wikipedia:Scalp scalpus sympathetic trunk AAO:0010791 BTO:0001834 EV:0100374 FMA:6258 One of a a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. SCTID:181099004 UBERON:0000407 UBERON:BTO_0001834-FMA_6258 XAO:0000211 gangliated cord sympathetic chain sympathetic ganglionic chain truncus sympathicus uberon Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk sympathetic ganglionic chain One of a a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk gangliated cord FMA:6258 sympathetic chain Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk truncus sympathicus vertebral ganglion BTO:0001835 FMA:6572 Intermediate ganglion SCTID:176596009 UBERON:0000408 UBERON:BTO_0001835-FMA_6572 uberon FMA:6572 Intermediate ganglion serous gland BTO:0001837 FMA:62889 UBERON:0000409 UBERON:BTO_0001837-FMA_62889 glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes. uberon MP:0008052 glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes. bronchial mucosa A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. BTO:0001846 FMA:62652 Mucous membrane of bronchus SCTID:30802009 UBERON:0000410 UBERON:BTO_0001846-FMA_62652 bronchi mucosa bronchi mucosa of organ bronchi mucous membrane bronchi organ mucosa bronchial trunk mucosa bronchial trunk mucosa of organ bronchial trunk mucous membrane bronchial trunk organ mucosa bronchus mucosa bronchus mucosa of organ bronchus mucous membrane bronchus organ mucosa mucosa of bronchi mucosa of bronchial trunk mucosa of bronchus mucosa of organ of bronchi mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk mucosa of organ of bronchus mucous membrane of bronchi mucous membrane of bronchial trunk mucous membrane of bronchus organ mucosa of bronchi organ mucosa of bronchial trunk organ mucosa of bronchus tunica mucosa bronchi uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchi mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchi FMA:62652 Mucous membrane of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchi mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchi organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchi OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchi OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bronchi mucosa of organ FMA:62652 FMA:TA tunica mucosa bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk organ mucosa visual cortex Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision. BTO:0001857 EFO:0000916 EV:0100171 Editor note: merge with primary visual cortex? FMA and BTO treat as distinct FMA:242644 GAID:679 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.571.735 UBERON:0000411 UBERON:BTO_0001857-FMA_242644 V1 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png/200px-Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png striate cortex uberon MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.571.735 striate cortex Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision. MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.571.735 V1 Wikipedia:Visual_cortex BTO dermal papilla BTO:0001858 DPC FMA:70737 SCTID:320101005 UBERON:0000412 UBERON:BTO_0001858-FMA_70737 dermal papilla cell dermal papillae follicular papilla hair follicle dermal papilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Skin.jpg/200px-Skin.jpg ncithesaurus:Dermal_Papilla papilla corii papilla dermatis papilla dermis papilla of corium papillae dermis skin papilla small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis. They can be observed at the surface of the skin in hands and feet as epidermal or papillary ridges (colloquially known as fingerprints). The dermal papillae nourishes all hair follicles and bring food and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells. The pattern of ridges they produce in hands and feet are inherited features that are developed before birth. They remain unaltered (except size) throughout life, and are therefore used for fingerprints. The dermal papillae are part of the uppermost layer of the dermis, the papillary dermis, and the ridges they form greatly increase the surface area between the dermis and epidermis. Because the dermis' main function is to support the epidermis, this greatly increases the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between these two layers. Additionally, the increase in surface area prevent the dermal and epidermal layers from separating from each others by strengthening the junction between them. With age, the papillae tend to flatten and sometimes increase in numbers. Dermal papillae also play a pivotal role in hair formation, growth and, cycling uberon Wikipedia:Dermal_papillae papillae dermis FMA:70737 follicular papilla BTO:0001858 skin papilla Wikipedia:Dermal_papillae small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis. They can be observed at the surface of the skin in hands and feet as epidermal or papillary ridges (colloquially known as fingerprints). The dermal papillae nourishes all hair follicles and bring food and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells. The pattern of ridges they produce in hands and feet are inherited features that are developed before birth. They remain unaltered (except size) throughout life, and are therefore used for fingerprints. The dermal papillae are part of the uppermost layer of the dermis, the papillary dermis, and the ridges they form greatly increase the surface area between the dermis and epidermis. Because the dermis' main function is to support the epidermis, this greatly increases the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between these two layers. Additionally, the increase in surface area prevent the dermal and epidermal layers from separating from each others by strengthening the junction between them. With age, the papillae tend to flatten and sometimes increase in numbers. Dermal papillae also play a pivotal role in hair formation, growth and, cycling BTO:0001858 papilla of corium BTO:0001858 DPC BTO:0001858 papilla corii BTO:0001858 papilla dermatis BTO:0001858 dermal papilla cell BTO:0001858 papilla dermis MP:0010687 hair follicle dermal papilla dermal papillae mucous gland AAO:0010601 BTO:0001979 FMA:62888 Mucous glands, found in several different parts of the body, typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation. Most are multicellular, but goblet cell are single-celled glands. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000414 UBERON:BTO_0001979-FMA_62888 glandula mucosa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray1021.png/200px-Gray1021.png muciparous gland uberon BTO:0001979 muciparous gland Mucous glands, found in several different parts of the body, typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation. Most are multicellular, but goblet cell are single-celled glands. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Mucous_gland BTO:0001979 glandula mucosa Wikipedia:Mucous_gland glandula mucosa artery wall An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Obol]. Arterial wall BTO:0002009 FMA:14155 UBERON:0000415 UBERON:BTO_0002009-FMA_14155 galen:ArterialWall uberon wall of artery FMA:14155 wall of artery An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Obol]. OBOL:automatic Arterial wall FMA:14155 subdural space A narrow fluid-containing space, often only a potential space, between the dura mater and the arachnoid. BTO:0002082 Consider obsoleting - see PMID:8421539 FMA:83803 GAID:692 MESH:A.08.186.566.395.687 SCTID:362308002 UBERON:0000416 UBERON:BTO_0002082-FMA_83803 cavum subdurale spatium subdurale spatium subdurale, cavum subdurale subdural cavity subdural cleavage subdural cleft uberon BTO:0002082 spatium subdurale BTO:0002082 subdural cleft A narrow fluid-containing space, often only a potential space, between the dura mater and the arachnoid. BTO:0002082 PMID:8421539 Wikipedia:Subdural_space BTO:0002082 subdural cavity BTO:0002082 subdural cleavage Wikipedia:Subdural_space spatium subdurale, cavum subdurale BTO:0002082 cavum subdurale primitive endoderm BTO:0002123 EHDAA:44 EHDAA:79 EMAPA:16051 EMAPA:16063 FMA:85520 UBERON:0000417 UBERON:0003226 UBERON:BTO_0002123-FMA_85520 uberon tubercle UBERON:0000418 UBERON:BTO_0002173-FMA_75429 true uberon myoepithelium An epithelium consisting of myopethelial cells, which are contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament[CL]. BTO:0002308 FMA:67805 UBERON:0000420 UBERON:BTO_0002308-FMA_67805 myo-epithelium myoepitheliocytus uberon Wikipedia:Myoepithelial_cell myoepitheliocytus FMA:67805 myo-epithelium An epithelium consisting of myopethelial cells, which are contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament[CL]. CL:0000185 Wikipedia:Myoepithelial_cell eccrine sweat gland BTO:0002323 FMA:59154 GAID:945 MESH:A.10.336.899.480 SCTID:361699008 UBERON:0000423 UBERON:BTO_0002323-FMA_59154 eccrine gland ncithesaurus:Eccrine_Sweat_Gland uberon FMA:59154 eccrine gland gastric pit BTO:0002364 FMA:62947 Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits. SCTID:268426007 UBERON:0000424 UBERON:0000425 UBERON:BTO_0002364-FMA_62947 foveola gastrica foveolae gastricae foveolae gastricae gastric foveola ncithesaurus:Gastric_Pit uberon Wikipedia:Gastric_pits foveolae gastricae BTO:0002364 foveola gastrica FMA:62947 gastric foveola FMA:76583 FMA:TA foveolae gastricae BTO Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits. Wikipedia:Gastric_pits extravillous trophoblast BTO:0002366 FMA:86561 UBERON:0000426 UBERON:BTO_0002366-FMA_86561 intermediate trophoblast interstitial trophoblast uberon BTO:0002366 interstitial trophoblast FMA:86561 intermediate trophoblast cytotrophoblastic cell UBERON:0000427 true uberon prostate epithelium BTO:0002397 FMA:66812 FMA:79643 MA:0001737 TODO - check 2 FMA IDs UBERON:0000428 UBERON:0002452 UBERON:BTO_0002397-FMA_66812 epithelial tissue of prostate epithelial tissue of prostate gland epithelium of prostate epithelium of prostate gland epithelium of prostatic gland ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Epithelium prostate epithelial tissue prostate gland epithelial tissue prostate gland epithelium prostatic epithelium prostatic gland epithelium the prostate epithelium. uberon OBOL:automatic epithelium of prostate OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of prostate gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of prostate gland OBOL:automatic prostate epithelial tissue FMA:79643 epithelium of prostatic gland MP:0001168 the prostate epithelium. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of prostate OBOL:automatic prostate gland epithelial tissue FMA:66812 prostatic epithelium enteric plexus A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies. BTO:0002437 FMA:77597 TODO - add subserosal plexus? UBERON:0000429 UBERON:BTO_0002437-FMA_77597 enteric nerve plexus plexus entericus plexus nervosus entericus sympathetic enteric nerve plexus uberon FMA:77597 enteric nerve plexus A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies. BTO:0002437 BTO:0002437 plexus entericus FMA:77597 FMA:TA plexus nervosus entericus FMA:77597 sympathetic enteric nerve plexus ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus A nucleus medially located within the ventral nuclei of the thalamus. BTO:0002469 EV:0100208 FMA:84347 TAO:0000370 UBERON:0000430 UBERON:BTO_0002469-FMA_84347 ZFA:0000370 nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami uberon BTO-definition ZFA A nucleus medially located within the ventral nuclei of the thalamus. BTO:0002469 BTO:0002469 nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami ventral medial complex of thalamus BTO:0002470 FMA:77795 UBERON:0000431 UBERON:BTO_0002470-FMA_77795 nuclei ventrales mediales thalami uberon ventral medial complex of thalamus ventral medial nuclei of thalamus BTO:0002470 nuclei ventrales mediales thalami FMA:77795 ventral medial nuclei of thalamus FMA:77795 ventral medial complex of thalamus endopeduncular nucleus A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS (NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc. washington.edu/neuronames/ (September 28, 1998)). In non-primates, the entopeduncular nucleus is analogous to both the medial globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus of human. BTO:0002475 FMA:77691 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.800.240 SCTID:82705008 The term entopeduncular nucleus in human neuroanatomy refers to a portion of the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis described variously as located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule ( Riley-1943 ), along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle ( Crosby-1962 ), or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial segment of the globus pallidus ( Nomina-1983 ).[NN] UBERON:0000432 UBERON:BTO_0002475-FMA_77691 entopeduncular nucleus nucleus endopeduncularis nucleus entopeduncularis uberon A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS (NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc. washington.edu/neuronames/ (September 28, 1998)). In non-primates, the entopeduncular nucleus is analogous to both the medial globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus of human. MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.800.240 BTO:0002475 nucleus endopeduncularis NN posterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus BTO:0002477 FMA:76961 UBERON:0000433 UBERON:BTO_0002477-FMA_76961 dorsal paraventricular nucleus of thalamus nucleus paraventricularis posterior thalami uberon FMA:76961 dorsal paraventricular nucleus of thalamus BTO:0002477 nucleus paraventricularis posterior thalami anterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus BTO:0002478 FMA:76962 UBERON:0000434 UBERON:BTO_0002478-FMA_76962 nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami uberon ventral paraventricular nucleus of thalamus BTO:0002478 nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami FMA:76962 ventral paraventricular nucleus of thalamus lateral tuberal nucleus ABA:TU BM:TU BTO:0002481 EV:0100240 FMA:62336 Lateral tuberal hypothalamic nuclei Lateral tuberal nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1206 Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area. UBERON:0000435 UBERON:BTO_0002481-FMA_62336 lateral tuberal nuclear complex nuclei tuberales laterales uberon BTO:0002481 nuclei tuberales laterales BTO:0002481 Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1206 lateral tuberal nuclear complex FMA:62336 Lateral tuberal nuclei FMA:62336 Lateral tuberal hypothalamic nuclei arachnoid barrier layer BTO:0002498 FMA:231559 The arachnoid barrier layer is a part of the arachnoid meningeal layer. It is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries in the arachnoid mater. UBERON:0000437 UBERON:BTO_0002498-FMA_231559 uberon BTO:0002498 The arachnoid barrier layer is a part of the arachnoid meningeal layer. It is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries in the arachnoid mater. FMA FMA set of arachnoid trabecula Arachnoid trabeculae set BTO:0002500 UBERON:0000438 UBERON:BTO_0002500-FMA_77761 trabeculae arachnoideae true uberon Arachnoid trabeculae set FMA:77761 FMA:77761 FMA:TA trabeculae arachnoideae arachnoid trabecula BTO:0002500 FMA:83979 UBERON:0000439 UBERON:BTO_0002500-FMA_83979 a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. trabecula arachnoideum uberon GO:0060343 a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. trabecula A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like.. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. BTO:0002501 FMA:85273 UBERON:0000440 UBERON:BTO_0002501-FMA_85273 uberon A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like.. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. GO:0060343 Wikipedia:Trabecula right testicular vein A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. BTO:0002679 FMA:14341 MA:0002220 SCTID:53500001 UBERON:0000442 UBERON:BTO_0002679-FMA_14341 uberon vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra vena testicularis dextra vena testicularis sinistra FMA:14341 vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra BTO:0002679 vena testicularis dextra BTO:0002680 vena testicularis sinistra A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource left testicular vein A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava. BTO:0002680 FMA:14345 MA:0002219 SCTID:90988008 UBERON:0000443 UBERON:BTO_0002680-FMA_14345 uberon vena testicularis dextra vena testicularis sinistra BTO:0002679 vena testicularis dextra BTO:0002680 vena testicularis sinistra A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource lymphoid follicle . BTO:0002684 FMA:55222 SCTID:64626006 UBERON:0000444 UBERON:BTO_0002684-FMA_55222 folliculus lymphaticus lymphatic follicle lymphatic nodule lymphoid nodule ncithesaurus:Lymphoid_Follicle nodular lymphoid tissue nodulus lymphaticus nodulus lymphoideus uberon BTO:0002684 nodulus lymphaticus BTO:0002684 folliculus lymphaticus FMA . https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/6 BTO:0002684 lymphatic nodule FMA:55222 nodular lymphoid tissue BTO:0002684 lymphatic follicle BTO:0002684 nodulus lymphoideus FMA:55222 lymphoid nodule habenular trigone BTO:0002700 FMA:74868 The habenular trigone is a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the taenia thalami. It contains a group of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulC&. Fibers enter it from the stalk of the pineal body, and others, forming what is termed the habenular commissure, pass across the middle line to the corresponding ganglion of the opposite side. Most of its fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion. UBERON:0000445 UBERON:BTO_0002700-FMA_74868 superclass in BTO is thalamic nucleus, not present in most ontologies trigone of habenulae trigonum habenulae uberon BTO:0002700 trigone of habenulae BTO:0002700 trigonum habenulae Wikipedia:Habenular_trigone trigonum habenulae The habenular trigone is a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the taenia thalami. It contains a group of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulC&. Fibers enter it from the stalk of the pineal body, and others, forming what is termed the habenular commissure, pass across the middle line to the corresponding ganglion of the opposite side. Most of its fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion. Wikipedia:Habenular_trigone septum of telencephalon BTO:0002705 FMA:61842 MA:0000924 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.750 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_963 Subdivision of the telencephalon on the midline between the lateral ventricles which contains the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei[FMA]. UBERON:0000446 UBERON:BTO_0002705-FMA_61842 area septalis septal area septum septum (NN) telencephalon septum uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_963 septum FMA:61842 telencephalon septum FMA:61842 septum (NN) FMA:61842 FMA:TA area septalis FMA:61842 Subdivision of the telencephalon on the midline between the lateral ventricles which contains the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei[FMA]. FMA:61842 septal area decidual cell BTO:0002770 Before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus, the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus undergoes important changes and is then known as the decidua. The thickness and vascularity of the mucous membrane are greatly increased; its glands are elongated and open on its free surface by funnel-shaped orifices, while their deeper portions are tortuous and dilated into irregular spaces. The interglandular tissue is also increased in quantity, and is crowded with large round, oval, or polygonal cells, termed decidual cells. Their enlargement is due to glycogen and lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm allowing these cells to provide a rich source of nutrition for the developing embryo. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:86480 UBERON:0000449 UBERON:BTO_0002770-FMA_86480 ncithesaurus:Decidual_Cell request from CL uberon Before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus, the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus undergoes important changes and is then known as the decidua. The thickness and vascularity of the mucous membrane are greatly increased; its glands are elongated and open on its free surface by funnel-shaped orifices, while their deeper portions are tortuous and dilated into irregular spaces. The interglandular tissue is also increased in quantity, and is crowded with large round, oval, or polygonal cells, termed decidual cells. Their enlargement is due to glycogen and lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm allowing these cells to provide a rich source of nutrition for the developing embryo. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Decidual_cells corpus albicans BTO:0002784 Corpus albicans of ovary EMAPA:29888 FMA:18620 UBERON:0000450 UBERON:BTO_0002784-FMA_18620 corpus fibrosum uberon BTO:0002784 corpus fibrosum Corpus albicans of ovary FMA:18620 prefrontal cortex BTO:0002807 EFO:0001384 FMA:224850 GAID:676 MA:0000906 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.270.700 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090801 TODO - check MA The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes). Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000451 UBERON:BTO_0002807-FMA_224850 frontal association cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg/200px-Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg.png prefrontal association complex prefrontal association cortex uberon FMA:224850 prefrontal association cortex The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes). Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Prefrontal_cortex MA:0000906 frontal association cortex BTO:0002807 prefrontal association complex decidua basalis BTO:0002819 EFO:0001918 FMA:86477 MA:0002905 Region between the blastocyst and the myometrium. SCTID:362841006 UBERON:0000453 UBERON:BTO_0002819-FMA_86477 decidua serotina development notes: As the embryo enlarges, the decidua capsularis becomes stretched and smooth. Eventually the decidua capsularis merges with the decidua parietalis, obliterating the uterine cavity ncithesaurus:Decidua_Basalis uberon BTO:0002819 decidua serotina Region between the blastocyst and the myometrium. http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm cerebral subcortex BTO:0002858 Cerebral medulla FMA:242188 UBERON:0000454 UBERON:BTO_0002858-FMA_242188 ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Subcortex subcortex uberon BTO:0002858 subcortex Cerebral medulla FMA:242188 bodily secretion AO notes: BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 Body substance in a liquid or semisolid state produced by an exocrine gland. Example: saliva, sebum, blood, plasma, semen, urine. FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:A.12.200 UBERON:0000456 UBERON:0006540 UBERON:BTO_0002979-FMA_9675 exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion galen:Secretion ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland_Fluid_or_Secretion secreted substance secretion uberon Body substance in a liquid or semisolid state produced by an exocrine gland. Example: saliva, sebum, blood, plasma, semen, urine. FMA:9675 MA:0002504 exocrine gland fluid/secretion BTO:0002977 external secretion FMA:9675 secretion cavernous artery BTO:0002996 Cavernous branch of cavernous part of internal carotid artery FMA:70527 UBERON:0000457 UBERON:BTO_0002996-FMA_70527 ramus sinus cavernosi (pars cavernosa) (arteria carotis interna) uberon FMA:70527 FMA:TA ramus sinus cavernosi (pars cavernosa) (arteria carotis interna) Cavernous branch of cavernous part of internal carotid artery FMA:70527 endocervix BTO:0003002 FMA:86485 SCTID:264460007 UBERON:0000458 UBERON:BTO_0003002-FMA_86485 ncithesaurus:Endocervix uberon uterine wall An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Obol]. BTO:0003083 FMA:17560 SCTID:245485002 UBERON:0000459 UBERON:BTO_0003083-FMA_17560 anatomical wall of uterus uberon uterus anatomical wall uterus wall wall of uterus OBOL:automatic uterus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of uterus OBOL:automatic wall of uterus OBOL:automatic uterus wall An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic major vestibular gland BTO:0003115 Bartholin's gland Duverney's gland FMA:9598 GAID:384 Gland found in pairs located slightly below and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in women. Bartholin's glands are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males. However, while Bartholin's glands are located in the superficial perineal pouch, bulbourethral glands are located in the deep perineal pouch. They secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication. MA:0002936 MESH:A.05.360.319.887.220 SCTID:362244005 Tiedemann's gland UBERON:0000460 UBERON:BTO_0003115-FMA_9598 Vulvovaginal gland glandula vestibularis major greater vestibular gland greater vestibular glands of bartholin uberon FMA:9598 Vulvovaginal gland Bartholin's gland FMA:9598 BTO:0003115 glandula vestibularis major Wikipedia:Bartholin%27s_gland greater vestibular glands of bartholin FMA FMA:9598 Tiedemann's gland Gland found in pairs located slightly below and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in women. Bartholin's glands are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males. However, while Bartholin's glands are located in the superficial perineal pouch, bulbourethral glands are located in the deep perineal pouch. They secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication. Wikipedia:Bartholin's_glands MA:0002936 greater vestibular gland Duverney's gland FMA:9598 minor vestibular gland BTO:0003116 Editors note: compare with Skene's gland. Structure notes: check and part_of relationships to mammalian vulva / urethra FMA:20019 Guerin's gland SCTID:279869001 Schueller's gland Small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice. UBERON:0000461 UBERON:BTO_0003116-FMA_20019 female urethral gland glandula vestibular minor glandula vestibulares minor lesser vestibular gland paraurethral gland periurethral gland skene's gland uberon urethral gland of female urethra BTO:0003116 urethral gland of female urethra FMA:20019 lesser vestibular gland BTO:0003116 skene's gland EMAPA:29653 female urethral gland BTO:0003116 Guerin's gland BTO:0003116 Schueller's gland BTO:0003116 periurethral gland FMA FMA:20019 glandula vestibular minor BTO:0003116 glandula vestibulares minor BTO:0003116 Small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice. BTO:0003116 paraurethral gland villus UBERON:0000462 true uberon portion of organism substance AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 UBERON:0000463 UBERON:CARO_0000004-FBbt_00007019 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 body fluid or substance body substance galen:BodySubstance ncithesaurus:Body_Fluid_or_Substance organism substance portion of body substance uberon FMA:9669 portion of body substance MA:0002450 body fluid or substance FMA:9669 body substance CARO:MAH Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. anatomical space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UBERON:0000464 UBERON:CARO_0000005-FBbt_00007017-FMA_5897-ZFA_0001643 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 uberon CARO:MAH Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. material anatomical entity AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 Anatomical entity that has mass. BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 UBERON:0000465 UBERON:CARO_0000006-FBbt_00007016-FMA_67165-ZFA_0001487 uberon Anatomical entity that has mass. CARO:MAH immaterial anatomical entity AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 Anatomical entity that has no mass. BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TGMA:0001827 UBERON:0000466 UBERON:CARO_0000007-FBbt_00007015 immaterial physical anatomical entity uberon FMA:67112 immaterial physical anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. CARO:MAH anatomical system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity[CARO]. A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task [Wikipedia]. BILA:0000011 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0001330 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_14 OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ SCTID:278195005 TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UBERON:0000467 UBERON:CARO_0000011-XAO_0003002-ZFA_0001439 UBERON:FBbt_00004856-FBbt_00004969-FMA_7149-FMA_72979-MA_0000003-MA_0000014-MIAA_0000033-WBbt_0005730-XAO_0000176 WBbt:0005746 XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 body system galen:AnatomicalSystem ncithesaurus:Organ_System organ system system uberon Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity[CARO]. A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task [Wikipedia]. CARO:0000011 CARO:MAH Wikipedia:Organ_system GO:0048731 system NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_14 body system multi-cellular organism AAO:0010026 AEO:0000103 AEO:0000191 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. BILA:0000012 BTO:0001489 CARO:0000012 EFO:0002906 EHDAA2:0003103 EHDAA2:0003191 EHDAA:1 EHDAA:9178 EMAPA:25765 EV:0100016 FBbt:00000001 FMA:256135 HAO:0000012 Koerper MA:0002405 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_18 TADS:0000001 TAO:0001094 TGMA:0001832 TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage TS28 UBERON:0000468 UBERON:CARO_0000012-XAO_0003004 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 XAO:0003004 ZFA:0001094 adult mouse body galen:Organism ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism organism uberon whole body whole organism MA:0002405 adult mouse BTO:0001489 whole body MA:0002405 TS28 BTO:0001489 Koerper Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 CARO:MAH Wikipedia:Multi-cellular_organism cell part AAO:0010271 Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell. BILA:0000014 CARO:0000014 FBbt:00007012 FMA:86454 GO:0044464 HAO:0000014 NIF_Subcellular:sao-1337158144 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQwkcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0001834 UBERON:0000470 UBERON:CARO_0000014-FBbt_00007012-FMA_86454 cell component ncithesaurus:Cell_Part todo - move metadata to GO and obsolete this class. Note the inconsistency between the usage of the label 'cell component' in GO and CARO uberon CARO:0000014 cell component Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell. CARO:MAH compound organ component AAO:0010017 AEO:0000019 BILA:0000019 CARO:0000019 EHDAA2:0003019 HAO:0000019 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. TAO:0001489 TGMA:0001835 UBERON:0000471 UBERON:CARO_0000019-XAO_0003039-ZFA_0001489 XAO:0003039 ZFA:0001489 uberon CARO:0000019 CARO:MAH Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. simple organ AAO:0010051 AEO:0000190 BILA:0000021 CARO:0000021 EHDAA2:0003190 HAO:0000021 Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. TAO:0001492 TGMA:0001836 UBERON:0000472 UBERON:CARO_0000021-XAO_0003038-ZFA_0001492 XAO:0003038 ZFA:0001492 uberon CARO:0000021 CARO:MAH Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. testis AAO:0000606 BILA:0000124 BTO:0001363 EFO:0000984 EHDAA2:0002007 EHDAA:8146 EMAPA:17972 EV:0100102 FBbt:00004928 FMA:7210 GAID:396 HAO:0001007 MA:0000411 MAT:0000132 MESH:A.05.360.444.849 MIAA:0000132 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjM25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181431007 TAO:0000598 UBERON:0000473 UBERON:0002117 UBERON:CARO_0000027-FBbt_00004927-FBbt_00004928-FBbt_00007004-FMA_45664-FMA_7210-MA_0000396-MA_0000411-MIAA_0000029-MIAA_0000132-WBbt_0006794-XAO_0000155-XAO_0000157-XAO_0003006-ZFA_0000242-ZFA_0000598 VHOG:0000252 WBbt:0006794 XAO:0000157 ZFA:0000598 galen:Testis genitalia of male organism gonad genitalia of male organism gonada gonad of a male animal, produces and releases sperm. gonad of genitalia of male organism gonad of male genitalia gonad of male genitals gonad of male organism genitalia gonad of male organism reproductive system gonad of male reproductive system gonad of reproductive system of male organism gonada of genitalia of male organism gonada of male genitalia gonada of male genitals gonada of male organism genitalia gonada of male organism reproductive system gonada of male reproductive system gonada of reproductive system of male organism http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gray1144.png/200px-Gray1144.png male genitalia gonad male genitalia gonada male genitals gonad male gonad male organism genitalia gonad male organism genitalia gonada male organism reproductive system gonad male organism reproductive system gonada male reproductive system gonad male reproductive system gonada ncithesaurus:Testis orchis reproductive system of male organism gonad reproductive system of male organism gonada testes testicle testiculus uberon OBOL:automatic male genitals gonad testes OBOL:automatic gonada of male reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonada of reproductive system of male organism OBOL:automatic reproductive system of male organism gonad OBOL:automatic gonada of male genitalia OBOL:automatic gonada of male organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive system gonada BTO:0001363 testiculus OBOL:automatic gonad of male reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonada of genitalia of male organism OBOL:automatic gonad of male organism genitalia OBOL:automatic gonada of male genitals OBOL:automatic genitalia of male organism gonad OBOL:automatic gonada of male organism genitalia Wikipedia:Testis gonad of a male animal, produces and releases sperm. OBOL:automatic male reproductive system gonad FMA:7210 testicle OBOL:automatic gonad of male genitalia BTO:0001363 orchis OBOL:automatic male reproductive system gonada OBOL:automatic reproductive system of male organism gonada OBOL:automatic gonad of genitalia of male organism OBOL:automatic gonad of male genitals OBOL:automatic genitalia of male organism gonada OBOL:automatic male gonad OBOL:automatic male organism genitalia gonad OBOL:automatic male organism genitalia gonada OBOL:automatic gonad of male organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic male genitalia gonad OBOL:automatic male genitalia gonada OBOL:automatic gonad of reproductive system of male organism female reproductive system BTO:0000083 EFO:0000969 EHDAA2:0000506 EHDAA:8116 EMAPA:17959 EV:0100110 FBbt:00004864 FMA:45663 GAID:364 HAO:0000324 MA:0000381 MESH:A.05.360.319 MIAA:0000028 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000635 The organs of the female reproductive system. UBERON:0000474 UBERON:CARO_0000028-FBbt_00004864-FBbt_00007011-FMA_45663-MA_0000381-MIAA_0000028-XAO_0000156-XAO_0003005-ZFA_0000303 VHOG:0000726 WBbt:0006748 XAO:0000156 female genital system female genitalia female organism genitalia female organism reproductive system female reproductive tract genitalia of female organism gynaecological tissue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg/200px-Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Female_Reproductive_System reproductive system of female organism systema genitale femininum uberon The organs of the female reproductive system. Wikipedia:Female_genitalia OBOL:automatic female organism genitalia OBOL:automatic reproductive system of female organism MA:0000381 female reproductive tract OBOL:automatic genitalia of female organism OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system BTO:0000083 gynaecological tissue BTO:0000083 systema genitale femininum organism subdivision AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. BILA:0000032 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 Editor note: revise after CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:A.01 MIAA:0000293 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UBERON:0000475 UBERON:CARO_0000032-FBbt_00007009-FMA_67504-MIAA_0000293-XAO_0003013-ZFA_0001308 XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 body part body region cardinal body part galen:BodyPart ncithesaurus:Body_Part uberon FMA:7153 cardinal body part FMA:7153 body region Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. CARO:0000032 CARO:MAH Wikipedia:Body_part acellular anatomical structure AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 UBERON:0000476 UBERON:CARO_0000040-FBbt_00007013-FMA_63863-ZFA_0000382 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 uberon Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. CARO:MAH anatomical cluster AAO:0010009 AEO:0000041 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. BILA:0000041 CARO:0000041 EHDAA2:0003041 FBbt:00007277 FMA:49443 HAO:0000041 TADS:0000605 TAO:0001478 TGMA:0001842 UBERON:0000477 UBERON:CARO_0000041-FMA_49443-ZFA_0001478 XAO:0003160 ZFA:0001478 uberon Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. CARO:MAH extraembryonic structure AAO:0010020 AEO:0000042 Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. BILA:0000042 CARO:0000042 EHDAA2:0003042 EHDAA:46 EMAPA:16042 FBbt:00005835 FMA:85537 HAO:0000042 SCTID:314908006 TAO:0000020 TGMA:0001843 UBERON:0000478 UBERON:CARO_0000042-FBbt_00005835-FMA_85537-MIAA_0000061-ZFA_0000020 VHOG:0000292 XAO:0004005 ZFA:0000020 extra-embryonic structure extraembryonic component extraembryonic tissue ncithesaurus:Extraembryonic_Structure see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2 uberon Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. CARO:MAH tissue AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. BILA:0000043 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:A.10 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_19 TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 This class was sourced from CARO, which was initially sourced from FMA. Nomenclature changes have been made. Note also AEO introduces a class AEO:0000013 'single-cell tissue' UBERON:0000479 UBERON:CARO_0000043-FBbt_00007003-XAO_0003040-ZFA_0001477 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 galen:Tissue ncithesaurus:Tissue portion of tissue simple tissue tissue portion uberon CARO:0000043 portion of tissue AEO:0000043 simple tissue Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. CARO:0000043 CARO:MAH FMA:9637 anatomical group AAO:0010008 AEO:0000054 Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. BILA:0000054 CARO:0000054 EHDAA2:0003054 HAO:0000054 TAO:0001512 TGMA:0001846 UBERON:0000480 UBERON:CARO_0000054-XAO_0003001-ZFA_0001512 XAO:0003001 ZFA:0001512 uberon Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. CARO:0000054 CARO:MAH multi-tissue structure AAO:0010048 AEO:0000055 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. BILA:0000055 CARO:0000055 EHDAA2:0003055 FBbt:00007010 HAO:0000055 TAO:0001488 TGMA:0001847 UBERON:0000481 UBERON:CARO_0000055-FBbt_00007010-XAO_0003037-ZFA_0001488 XAO:0003037 ZFA:0001488 uberon Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 CARO:MAH basal lamina AAO:0010269 AEO:0000065 Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. BILA:0000065 CARO:0000065 EHDAA2:0003065 FMA:62918 GO:0005605 HAO:0000065 MESH:A.10.272.220 NIF_Subcellular:sao1397492660 TAO:0001485 TGMA:0001850 TODO - use GO. UBERON:0000482 UBERON:CARO_0000065-FMA_62918-ZFA_0001485 WBbt:0005756 XAO:0003163 ZFA:0001485 basal lamina of connective tissue lamina basalis ncithesaurus:Basal_Lamina uberon Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. CARO:MAH Wikipedia:Basal_lamina Wikipedia:Basal_lamina lamina basalis epithelium AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 FBbt:00007005 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MESH:A.10.272 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. SCTID:31610004 TAO:0001486 UBERON:0000483 UBERON:CARO_0000066-FBbt_00007005-FMA_9639-XAO_0003045-ZFA_0001486 VHOG:0000387 XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial tissue ncithesaurus:Epithelium portion of epithelium uberon CARO:MAH Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. Wikipedia:Epithelium FMA:9639 portion of epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium AAO:0010064 AEO:0000067 BILA:0000067 CARO:0000067 EHDAA2:0003067 FMA:45566 HAO:0000067 TAO:0001497 UBERON:0000484 UBERON:CARO_0000067-FMA_45566-ZFA_0001497 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. XAO:0004009 ZFA:0001497 epithelium simplex cuboideum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gray1133.png/200px-Gray1133.png ncithesaurus:Simple_Cuboidal_Epithelium uberon CARO:MAH Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. Wikipedia:Simple_cuboidal_epithelium simple columnar epithelium AAO:0010063 AEO:0000068 BILA:0000068 CARO:0000068 EHDAA2:0003068 FBbt:00007027 FMA:45567 HAO:0000068 TAO:0001496 UBERON:0000485 UBERON:CARO_0000068-FMA_45567-ZFA_0001496 Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA] XAO:0004008 ZFA:0001496 columnar epithelium columnar epithlium epithelium simplex columnare http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray1059.png/200px-Gray1059.png ncithesaurus:Simple_Columnar_Epithelium simple columnar epithelium uberon AEO:0000068 columnar epithlium CARO:MAH FMA:FMA Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA] Wikipedia:Simple_columnar_epithelium EHDAA2:0003068 columnar epithelium multilaminar epithelium AAO:0010059 AEO:0000069 BILA:0000069 BTO:0002074 CARO:0000069 EHDAA2:0003069 Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45562 HAO:0000069 SCTID:309044005 TAO:0001494 UBERON:0000486 UBERON:CARO_0000069-FMA_45562-ZFA_0001494 XAO:0004006 ZFA:0001494 laminated epithelium ncithesaurus:Stratified_Epithelium stratified epithelium uberon CARO:MAH Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium BTO:0002074 laminated epithelium simple squamous epithelium AAO:0010066 AEO:0000070 BILA:0000070 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000070 EHDAA2:0003070 FMA:45565 HAO:0000070 TAO:0001498 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000487 UBERON:CARO_0000070-FMA_45565-ZFA_0001498 Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA] XAO:0004010 ZFA:0001498 epithelium simplex squamosum ncithesaurus:Simple_Squamous_Epithelium uberon CARO:MAH FMA:45565 Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA] Wikipedia:Simple_squamous_epithelium atypical epithelium AAO:0010057 AEO:0000071 BILA:0000071 CARO:0000071 EHDAA2:0003071 Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. FMA:61741 HAO:0000071 TAO:0001493 UBERON:0000488 UBERON:CARO_0000071-FMA_61741-ZFA_0001493 XAO:0004004 ZFA:0001493 heterogenous epithelium uberon CARO:MAH Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. cavitated compound organ AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. EHDAA2:0003072 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 UBERON:0000489 UBERON:CARO_0000072-ZFA_0001490 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 uberon CARO:MAH Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. unilaminar epithelium AAO:0010062 AEO:0000073 BILA:0000073 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000073 EHDAA2:0003073 Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45561 HAO:0000073 SCTID:309043004 TAO:0001495 UBERON:0000490 UBERON:CARO_0000073-FMA_45561-ZFA_0001495 XAO:0004007 ZFA:0001495 ncithesaurus:Simple_Epithelium simple epithelium uberon CARO:MAH Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45561 solid compound organ AAO:0010019 AEO:0000074 BILA:0000074 CARO:0000074 Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. EHDAA2:0003074 HAO:0000074 TAO:0001491 TGMA:0001859 UBERON:0000491 UBERON:CARO_0000074-ZFA_0001491 XAO:0003164 ZFA:0001491 uberon CARO:MAH Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. ileocecal valve FMA:15973 SCTID:362153007 The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum. Tulp's valve UBERON:0000569 galen:IleocecalValve ncithesaurus:Ileocecal_Valve uberon valva ileocaecalis valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis) FMA:15973 valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis) The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum. Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve FMA Tulp's valve Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve Wikipedia Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve valva ileocaecalis Obol suspensory ligament of duodenum FMA:20509 Ligament that connects the duodenum of the small intestines to the diaphragm. It contains a slender band of skeletal muscle from the diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum. When it contracts, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure, allowing movement of the intestinal contents It arises from the right crus as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery and inserts into the third and fourth portions of the duodenum and frequently into the duodenojejunal (DJ) flexure (between the duodenum and the jejunum) as well. SCTID:279979000 UBERON:0000642 an especially important landmark to note when looking at the bowel for the presence of malrotation of the gut, a syndrome often suspected in young children when they have episodes of recurrent vomiting. Visualizing a normal location of the ligament of Treitz in radiological images is critical in ruling out malrotation of the gut in a child; it is abnormally located when malrotation is present. An abnormally low and fixed position of the ligament of Treitz is a known cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. However, identifying it on a CT scan is difficult. Hematemesis (blood in the vomit) or melena (black tarry stools) usually indicate a gastrointestinal bleed from a location proximal to the ligament. Hematochezia (bright red blood or clots in the stools) usually indicates a gastrointestinal bleed from a location distal to the ligament. ligament of Treitz muscle of Treitz musculus suspensorius duodeni musculus suspensorius duodeni suspensory muscle of duodenum uberon Obol FMA:20509 muscle of Treitz Ligament that connects the duodenum of the small intestines to the diaphragm. It contains a slender band of skeletal muscle from the diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum. When it contracts, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure, allowing movement of the intestinal contents It arises from the right crus as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery and inserts into the third and fourth portions of the duodenum and frequently into the duodenojejunal (DJ) flexure (between the duodenum and the jejunum) as well. Wikipedia:Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum Obol FMA:20509 ligament of Treitz FMA:20509 suspensory muscle of duodenum Obol FMA:20509 musculus suspensorius duodeni Wikipedia:Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum musculus suspensorius duodeni splenius capitis FMA:22653 SCTID:244850004 The splenius capitis is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ. The fibers of the muscle are directed upward and lateralward and are inserted, under cover of the Sternocleidomastoideus, into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line. The Splenius Capitis muscle is innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves C3-C4. The splenius muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine. UBERON:0000711 musculus splenius capitis splenius capitis muscle uberon Ligamentum nuchae spinous process of C7-T6 dbpedia Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle musculus splenius capitis Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle splenius capitis muscle FMA The splenius capitis is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ. The fibers of the muscle are directed upward and lateralward and are inserted, under cover of the Sternocleidomastoideus, into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line. The Splenius Capitis muscle is innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves C3-C4. The splenius muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine. Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle hippocampal commissure FMA:61970 MA:0002723 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_746 SCTID:369115003 The lateral portions of the body of the fornix are joined by a thin triangular lamina, named the psalterium (lyra). This lamina contains some transverse fibers that connect the two hippocampi across the middle line and constitute the commissure of fornix (hippocampal commissure). This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000908 UBERON:Commissure-MA_0002723 commissura hippocampi commissure of fornix commissure of fornix of forebrain delta fornicis dorsal hippocampal commissure fornical commissure fornix commissure hippocampus commissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray747.png/200px-Gray747.png uberon FMA:61970 commissure of fornix of forebrain FMA:61970 FMA:TA commissura hippocampi FMA:61970 fornical commissure The lateral portions of the body of the fornix are joined by a thin triangular lamina, named the psalterium (lyra). This lamina contains some transverse fibers that connect the two hippocampi across the middle line and constitute the commissure of fornix (hippocampal commissure). Wikipedia:Commissure_of_fornix FMA:61970 dorsal hippocampal commissure MP:0008221 delta fornicis MP:0008221 hippocampus commissure FMA:61970 fornix commissure Wikipedia:Commissure_of_fornix commissure of fornix chyme Chyme is a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. ENVO:02000026 FMA:62961 UBERON:0000910 UBERON:ENVO_02000026-FMA_62961 chymus uberon Chyme is a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Wikipedia:Chyme ENVO:02000026 chymus chyle Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. ENVO:02000030 FMA:61403 GAID:1187 MESH:A.12.207.630.350 UBERON:0000911 UBERON:ENVO_02000030-FMA_61403 ncithesaurus:Chyle uberon Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. Wikipedia:Chyle http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=chyle mucus ENVO:02000040 FMA:66938 GAID:1164 MESH:A.12.200.503 Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000912 UBERON:ENVO_02000040-FMA_66938 galen:Mucus ncithesaurus:Mucus uberon Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. Wikipedia:Mucus interstitial fluid ENVO:02000042 FMA:9673 Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. UBERON:0000913 UBERON:ENVO_02000042-FMA_9673 intercellular fluid tissue fluid uberon ENVO:02000042 intercellular fluid FMA:9673 Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. Wikipedia:Interstitial_fluid ENVO:02000042 tissue fluid organismal segment FBbt:00000003 HAO:0000929 MAT:0000271 MIAA:0000271 One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. UBERON:0000914 UBERON:FBbt_00000003-FMA_11367-MIAA_0000271 editor note: review this post-CARO2 segment uberon FB:gg One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. Wikipedia:Segmentation_(biology) FBbt:00000003 segment thoracic segment of trunk FMA:259209 MA:0000022 Organismal subdivision of body that lies between the head and the abdomen [Wikipedia]. SCTID:302551006 UBERON:0000915 UBERON:FBbt_00000015-FMA_9576-MA_0000022-MIAA_0000295 thorax todo - taxonomic constraints. Originally this was defined loosely to include insect thorax but the value of such a high-level grouping class is dubious. Note that FMA distinsguishes between thorax and thoracic region of trunk uberon upper body Organismal subdivision of body that lies between the head and the abdomen [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Thorax FMA MA:0000022 thorax abdomen BTO:0000020 EFO:0000968 EV:0100011 FMA:9577 GAID:16 In vertebrates such as mammals the abdomen (belly) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. MA:0000029 MAT:0000298 MESH:A.01.047 MIAA:0000298 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302553009 Taxon notes: Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class UBERON:0000916 UBERON:FBbt_00000020-FMA_9577-MA_0000029-MIAA_0000298 abdominopelvic region abdominopelvis adult abdomen belly galen:Abdomen uberon FMA:9577 abdominopelvis MA In vertebrates such as mammals the abdomen (belly) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. Wikipedia:Abdomen FMA:9577 abdominopelvic region abdominal segment UBERON:0000917 UBERON:0002417 UBERON:FBbt_00000021-SPD_0000055 segment of abdomen true uberon OBOL:automatic segment of abdomen yolk MAT:0000335 MIAA:0000335 The nutritive substance contained in the egg. UBERON:0000918 UBERON:0007378 UBERON:FBbt_00000035-MIAA_0000335-XAO_0000281 true uberon vegetal yolk mass yolk cell FB:gg The nutritive substance contained in the egg. lipid droplet UBERON:0000919 UBERON:FBbt_00000037-FMA_62962 true uberon egg chorion A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish [GO]. FBbt:00000038 TAO:0000329 TGMA:0000681 UBERON:0000920 UBERON:FBbt_00000038-FMA_80224-ZFA_0000329 UBERON:FMA_18674-MA_0001715 ZFA:0000329 chorion chorion (egg) uberon A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish [GO]. GO:0042600 Wikipedia:Chorion_(egg) pronucleus . UBERON:0000921 UBERON:FBbt_00000048-FMA_84673 true uberon . Wikipedia:Pronucleus embryo AAO:0011035 AEO:0000169 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. BILA:0000056 BTO:0000379 EFO:0001367 EHDAA2:0003236 EHDAA:38 EMAPA:16039 FBbt:00000052 FMA:69068 GAID:963 MAT:0000226 MESH:A.16.254 MIAA:0000019 OGEM:000001 Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:57991002 UBERON:0000922 UBERON:FBbt_00000052-FMA_69068-MIAA_0000019-XAO_0000113 XAO:0000113 ZFA:0000103 developing organism developmental tissue embryonic organism ncithesaurus:Embryo uberon Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. BTO:0000379 FB:FBrf0039741 FB:FBrf0041814 GO:0009790 Wikipedia:Embryo BILA:0000056 embryonic organism BILA:0000056 developing organism germ layer A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. AAO:0000480 BILA:0000035 BTO:0000556 Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[UBERONREF:0000002] FBbt:00000110 FMA:69069 GAID:1303 MESH:A.16.254.425 TAO:0001122 UBERON:0000923 UBERON:FBbt_00000110-FMA_69069 UBERON:XAO_0003011-ZFA_0001122 VHOG:0001223 XAO:0003011 ZFA:0001122 embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers embryonic tissue germinal layer ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Tissue ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer primary germ layer uberon GO:0001704 ZFA:0001122 primary germ layer FMA:69069 embryonic tissue germinal layer ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. Wikipedia:Germ_layer ectoderm AAO:0000137 BILA:0000036 BTO:0000315 EFO:0000414 EHDAA2:0000428 EMAPA:16069 EV:0100003 FBbt:00000111 FMA:69070 GAID:1304 MAT:0000155 MAT:0000173 MESH:A.16.254.425.273 MIAA:0000173 Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. SCTID:362851007 TAO:0000016 UBERON:0000924 UBERON:FBbt_00000111-FMA_69070-MIAA_0000173-XAO_0000001-ZFA_0000016 VHOG:0000153 XAO:0000001 ZFA:0000016 embryonic ectoderm ncithesaurus:Ectoderm uberon VHOG:0000153 embryonic ectoderm Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Wikipedia:Ectoderm cjm endoderm AAO:0000139 BILA:0000038 BTO:0000800 EFO:0002545 EHDAA2:0000436 EV:0100005 FBbt:00000125 FMA:69071 GAID:1305 MAT:0000175 MESH:A.16.254.425.407 MIAA:0000175 Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. SCTID:362855003 TAO:0000017 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000925 UBERON:FBbt_00000125-FMA_69071-MIAA_0000175-XAO_0000090-ZFA_0000017 VHOG:0000154 XAO:0000090 ZFA:0000017 entoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray10.png/200px-Gray10.png ncithesaurus:Endoderm uberon ZFA Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. Wikipedia:Endoderm mesoderm AAO:0000304 BILA:0000037 BTO:0000839 EFO:0001981 EHDAA2:0001128 EHDAA:124 EHDAA:160 EHDAA:168 EHDAA:183 EMAPA:16083 EV:0100006 FBbt:00000126 FMA:69072 GAID:522 MAT:0000174 MESH:A.16.254.425.660 MIAA:0000174 SCTID:362854004 TAO:0000041 Taxon notes: sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates[UBERONREF:0000002] The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. UBERON:0000926 UBERON:0003263 UBERON:FBbt_00000126-FMA_69072-MIAA_0000174-XAO_0000050-ZFA_0000041 VHOG:0000152 XAO:0000050 ZFA:0000041 entire mesoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mesoderm.png/200px-Mesoderm.png mesodermal mantle ncithesaurus:Mesoderm uberon sometimes not considered primary The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. Wikipedia:Mesoderm ZFA SCTID:362854004 UBERON:cjm entire mesoderm mesectoderm A double row of cells which are located at the midline from the end of gastrulations. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the mideline while the other end bissects the internalised mesoderm. FBbt:00000136 MAT:0000243 MIAA:0000243 MesEc Split term? The part of the mesenchyme derived from ectoderm, especially from the embryonic neural crest from which the pigment cells, meninges, and most of the branchial cartilages develop.[TFD] UBERON:0000927 UBERON:FBbt_00000136-MIAA_0000243 uberon A double row of cells which are located at the midline from the end of gastrulations. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the mideline while the other end bissects the internalised mesoderm. FB:FBrf0089570 embryonic segment FBbt:00000154 MAT:0000244 MIAA:0000244 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000928 UBERON:FBbt_00000154-MIAA_0000244 segment - embryonic uberon pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve FMA:6234 Motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve. SCTID:280298006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000929 UBERON:FBbt_00000394-FMA_6234 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png pharyngeal branch pharyngeal branch of inferior vagal ganglion pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve ramus pharyngealis nervi vagalis ramus pharyngeus ramus pharyngeus nervi vagi tenth cranial nerve pharyngeal branch uberon vagal pharyngeal branch vagus nerve pharyngeal branch Motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve ramus pharyngeus nervi vagi FMA:6234 FMA:TA ramus pharyngeus stomodeum Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth[ZFA]. In humans, a depression between the brain and the pericardium in an embryo, and is the precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The stomodeum is lined by ectoderm, and is separated from the anterior end of the fore-gut by the buccopharyngeal membrane. This membrane is devoid of mesoderm, being formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the fore-gut endoderm; at the end of the third week it disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx[WP]. The anterior part of the embryonic digestive system deriving from the stomodeal invagination of the ectoderm[FBbt]. BTO:0004224 EHDAA2:0001929 EMAPA:16263 Editor note: consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence. Taxon note: This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. FBbt:00000439 TAO:0001290 TGMA:0000135 UBERON:0000930 UBERON:FBbt_00000439-ZFA_0001290 XAO:0000269 ZFA:0001290 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray977.png/200px-Gray977.png mouth primordium ncithesaurus:Stomodeum primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum uberon ZFA UBERON:cjm primitive oral cavity Wikipedia:Stomodeum stomatodeum Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth[ZFA]. In humans, a depression between the brain and the pericardium in an embryo, and is the precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The stomodeum is lined by ectoderm, and is separated from the anterior end of the fore-gut by the buccopharyngeal membrane. This membrane is devoid of mesoderm, being formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the fore-gut endoderm; at the end of the third week it disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx[WP]. The anterior part of the embryonic digestive system deriving from the stomodeal invagination of the ectoderm[FBbt]. Wikipedia:Stomodeum XAO:0000269 mouth primordium proctodeum AAO:0011087 FBbt:00000440 Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage[ZFA]. A proctodeum is the back ectodermal part of an alimentary canal. It is created during embryogenesis by a folding of the outer body wall[WP]. SCTID:298233001 TAO:0000066 UBERON:0000931 UBERON:FBbt_00000440-WBbt_0006795 VHOG:0000139 XAO:0001019 ZFA:0000066 ncithesaurus:Proctodeum proctodaeum removed WBbt:0006795 - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. uberon Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage[ZFA]. A proctodeum is the back ectodermal part of an alimentary canal. It is created during embryogenesis by a folding of the outer body wall[WP]. Wikipedia:Proctodeum ventral longitudinal muscle UBERON:0000932 UBERON:FBbt_00000482-WBbt_0005814 originally unified on basis of terminological similarity true uberon pharyngeal muscle A muscle that forms part of the pharynx. BTO:0001048 FMA:46619 GAID:154 MA:0001797 MESH:A.02.633.567.800 SCTID:244798004 TAO:0000172 UBERON:0000933 UBERON:FBbt_00000487-FMA_46619-MA_0001797 ZFA:0000172 muscle of pharynx muscle organ of pharynx musculi pharyngis; tunica muscularis pharyngis musculus pharyngis ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Muscle pharynx muscle pharynx muscle organ todo - add asserted children and check logical definition against these; e.g. is stylopharyngeus part of the pharynx? uberon A muscle that forms part of the pharynx. GO:0043282 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles BTO:0001048 musculus pharyngis Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles musculi pharyngis; tunica muscularis pharyngis OBOL:automatic muscle organ of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx muscle organ ventral nerve cord BTO:0002328 EFO:0000896 FBbt:00001102 MAT:0000339 MIAA:0000339 The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms)[BTO]. A large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring[WB]. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms[GO]. The ventral nerve cords make up the nervous system of some phyla of the invertebrates, particularly within the nematodes, annelids and the arthropods. It usually consists of cerebral ganglia anteriorly with the nerve cords running down the ventral ('belly', as opposed to back) plane of the organism. This characteristic is important in qualifying the difference compared to the chordates, which have a dorsal nerve cord. Ventral nerve cords from anterior to posterior (the thoracic and abdominal tagma in the arthropods) are made up of segmented ganglia that are connected by a tract of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the nerve cord called commissures. The complete system bears some likeness to a rope ladder. In some animals the bilateral ganglia are fused into a single large ganglion per segment. This characteristic is found mostly in the insects. UBERON:0000934 UBERON:FBbt_00001102-MIAA_0000339-WBbt_0005829 WBbt:0005829 uberon ventral cord BTO:0002328 GO:0007419 The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms)[BTO]. A large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring[WB]. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms[GO]. WB:Paper00000938 Wikipedia:Ventral_nerve_cord GO:0007419 ventral cord anterior commissure BM:Tel-AC BTO:0002169 EMAPA:19038 FMA:61961 MA:0002722 NIF_GrossAnatomy:Class_4 SCTID:369119009 TAO:0001108 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000935 UBERON:FBbt_00001105-FMA_61961-MA_0002722-ZFA_0001108 ZFA:0001108 bundle of nerve fibers (white matter), connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. The great majority of fibers connecting the two hemispheres travel through the corpus callosum, which is over 10 times larger than the anterior commissure, and other routes of communication pass through the hippocampal commissure or, indirectly, via subcortical connections. Nevertheless, the anterior commissure is a significant pathway that can be clearly distinguished in the brains of all mammals. commissura anterior commissura rostral commissura rostralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gray744.png/200px-Gray744.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Commissure precommisure rostral commissure uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_commisure precommisure Wikipedia:Anterior_commissure commissura anterior Wikipedia:Anterior_commissure bundle of nerve fibers (white matter), connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. The great majority of fibers connecting the two hemispheres travel through the corpus callosum, which is over 10 times larger than the anterior commissure, and other routes of communication pass through the hippocampal commissure or, indirectly, via subcortical connections. Nevertheless, the anterior commissure is a significant pathway that can be clearly distinguished in the brains of all mammals. posterior commissure BM:MB-Tec-PC FMA:62072 MA:0002743 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1026 Rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex. Its fibers acquire their medullary sheaths early, but their connections have not been definitely determined. Most of them have their origin in a nucleus, the nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch), which lies in the central gray substance of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct, in front of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. Some are probably derived from the posterior part of the thalamus and from the superior colliculus, whereas others are believed to be continued downward into the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The posterior commissure interconnects the pretectal nuclei, mediating the consensual pupillary light reflex[WP].Diencephalic tract which is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain[ZFA]. TAO:0000320 UBERON:0000936 UBERON:FBbt_00001120-FMA_62072-MA_0002743-ZFA_0000320 ZFA:0000320 caudal commissure commissura posterior epithalamic commissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Commissure uberon FMA:62072 ZFA:0000320 caudal commissure Rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex. Its fibers acquire their medullary sheaths early, but their connections have not been definitely determined. Most of them have their origin in a nucleus, the nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch), which lies in the central gray substance of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct, in front of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. Some are probably derived from the posterior part of the thalamus and from the superior colliculus, whereas others are believed to be continued downward into the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The posterior commissure interconnects the pretectal nuclei, mediating the consensual pupillary light reflex[WP].Diencephalic tract which is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Posterior_commissure ZFA:0000320 Wikipedia:Posterior_commissure commissura posterior FMA:62072 epithalamic commissure proneural cluster UBERON:0000937 UBERON:FBbt_00001135-ZFA_0000068 obsoleted because inconsistencies arise due to ZFA term being both embryonic and extraembryonic proneural clusters true uberon ZFA:0000068 proneural clusters imaginal disc A tissue in the larva which gives rise to the adult external cuticle. BTO:0004658 FBbt:00001761 MAT:0000064 MIAA:0000064 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000939 UBERON:FBbt_00001761-MIAA_0000064 imaginal disk uberon A tissue in the larva which gives rise to the adult external cuticle. FB:gg Wikipedia:Imaginal_disc cranial nerve II 02 optic nerve AAO:0010345 AO notes: (relaion to eye): MA, XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. This is in contrast to GO, FMA, EHDAA2 (FMA has a class 'intra-ocular part of optic nerve' which represents the region of overlap). Relation to brain: part of diencephalon in EHDAA2, ZFA. In NIF, has the optic nerve root as part, which is a feature part of the diencphalon. Structure notes: We are consistent here with the FMA in considering CN-II continuous with the retina. Editor notes: - determine the precise relationship between CN II and the CNS CN-II Cranial nerve which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons running posterior medially towards the optic chiasm, at which some of the axons cross the midline and after which the structure is termed the optic tract. Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain[ZFA]. EHDAA2:0001313 EHDAA:6788 EMAPA:17575 EMAPA:17846 FMA:50863 GAID:831 MA:0001097 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.680 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1640 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180938001 TAO:0000435 UBERON:0000941 UBERON:FBbt_00001956-FMA_50863-MA_0001097-XAO_0000188-ZFA_0000435 VHOG:0000543 XAO:0000188 ZFA:0000435 cranial II ncithesaurus:Optic_Nerve nervus opticus nervus opticus [II] optic II optic II nerve optic nerve optic nerve [II] second cranial nerve uberon FMA:50863 FMA:TA nervus opticus [II] EHDAA2 FMA:50863 ZFA:0000435 optic nerve CN-II ZFA:0000435 02 optic nerve AAO:0010345 EHDAA2:0001313 optic II nerve EHDAA2:0001313 optic II Cranial nerve which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons running posterior medially towards the optic chiasm, at which some of the axons cross the midline and after which the structure is termed the optic tract. Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain[ZFA]. ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Optic_nerve ZFIN:curator frontal nerve FMA:52638 SCTID:280219004 The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, and runs forward between the Levator palpebræ superioris and the periosteum. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000942 UBERON:FBbt_00002630-FMA_52638 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gray787.png/200px-Gray787.png ncithesaurus:Frontal_Nerve nervus frontalis uberon Wikipedia:Frontal_nerve nervus frontalis The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, and runs forward between the Levator palpebræ superioris and the periosteum. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Frontal_nerve labial sensillum UBERON:0000943 UBERON:FBbt_00002721-WBbt_0005107 true uberon dorsal branch UBERON:0000944 UBERON:FBbt_00003051-FMA_76733 dorsal vein ramus dorsalis true uberon FMA:76733 FMA:TA ramus dorsalis stomach AAO:0000579 ANISEED:1235297 An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. BTO:0001307 EFO:0000837 EHDAA2:0001915 EHDAA:2993 EMAPA:17021 EMAPA:18889 EV:0100070 FMA:7148 GAID:293 MA:0000353 MAT:0000051 MESH:A.03.492.766 MIAA:0000051 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181246003 TAO:0002121 Taxon notes: We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa -- Stomach#In_other_animals UBERON:0000945 UBERON:FBbt_00003138-FMA_7148-MA_0000353-MIAA_0000051-XAO_0000128 VHOG:0000408 Ventricular XAO:0000128 anterior intestine galen:Stomach gaster http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stomach_diagram.svg/200px-Stomach_diagram.svg.png mesenteron ncithesaurus:Stomach stomach uberon ventriculus Ventricular Wikipedia:Stomach An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. ISBN10:0073040584 UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Stomach BTO:0001307 gaster cardial valve BTO:0000564 EMAPA:17869 EV:0100024 FMA:7110 Flap of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles. GAID:176 MA:0000086 MESH:A.07.541.510 OpenCyc:Mx4rv8oyuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181285005 TAO:0005065 Terminology notes: Rector et al: One might be tempted to define “heart valve” equivalently to “valve in the heart”, and “valve” as a “structure which functions as a valve”. But this combination results in the “foramen ovale” being classified as a kind of “heart valve”, since it is undoubtedly located in the heart and functions as a valve UBERON:0000946 UBERON:FBbt_00003140-FMA_7110-MA_0000086-ZFA_0005065 VHOG:0000818 XAO:0004126 ZFA:0005065 cardiac valve galen:HeartValve heart valve heart valves ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Valve stomodaeal valve uberon valve of heart PMID:15797462 Flap of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles. Wikipedia:Cardiac_valve aorta AAO:0010213 Artery carrying blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation BTO:0000135 EFO:0000265 EMAPA:18601 EV:0100027 Editor notes: This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. Taxon notes: All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches[WP]. FMA:3734 GAID:469 MA:0000062 MAT:0000035 MESH:A.07.231.114.056 MIAA:0000035 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181298001 UBERON:0000947 UBERON:FBbt_00003153-FMA_3734-MA_0000062-MA_0000476-MIAA_0000035-XAO_0003010-ZFA_0000014 VHOG:0001523 XAO:0003010 aorta, arteria maxima dorsal aorta galen:Aorta ncithesaurus:Aorta trunk of aortic tree trunk of systemic arterial tree uberon Wikipedia:Aorta aorta, arteria maxima Artery carrying blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation Wikipedia:Aorta EHDAA2 MA-modified Wikipedia Wikipedia:Aorta#In_other_animals ZFA:0000014 dorsal aorta heart AAO:0010210 BILA:0000020 BTO:0000562 EFO:0000815 EHDAA2:0000738 EHDAA:420 EMAPA:16105 EV:0100018 FMA:7088 GAID:174 Herz MA:0000072 MAT:0000036 MESH:A.07.541 MIAA:0000036 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302509004 TAO:0000114 UBERON:0000948 UBERON:FBbt_00003154-FMA_7088-MA_0000072-MIAA_0000036-XAO_0000064-ZFA_0000114 VHOG:0000276 XAO:0000064 ZFA:0000114 a myogenic muscular organ found in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The vertebrate heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. Primitive fish have a four-chambered heart; however, the chambers are arranged sequentially so that this primitive heart is quite unlike the four-chambered hearts of mammals and birds. The first chamber is the sinus venosus, which collects de-oxygenated blood, from the body, through the hepatic and cardinal veins. From here, blood flows into the atrium and then to the powerful muscular ventricle where the main pumping action takes place. The fourth and final chamber is the conus arteriosus which contains several valves and sends blood to the ventral aorta. The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery. In the adult fish, the four chambers are not arranged in a straight row but, instead, form an S-shape with the latter two chambers lying above the former two. This relatively simpler pattern is found in cartilaginous fish and in the more primitive ray-finned fish. In teleosts, the conus arteriosus is very small and can more accurately be described as part of the aorta rather than of the heart proper. The conus arteriosus is not present in any amniotes which presumably having been absorbed into the ventricles over the course of evolution. Similarly, while the sinus venosus is present as a vestigial structure in some reptiles and birds, it is otherwise absorbed into the right atrium and is no longer distinguishable[WP]. chambered heart galen:Heart ncithesaurus:Heart note that we use the term 'circulatory organ' for the generic class. Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepi- thelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" doi:10.1101/gad.1485706 uberon vertebrate heart BTO:0000562 Herz UBERON:cjm chambered heart Wikipedia:Heart a myogenic muscular organ found in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The vertebrate heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. Primitive fish have a four-chambered heart; however, the chambers are arranged sequentially so that this primitive heart is quite unlike the four-chambered hearts of mammals and birds. The first chamber is the sinus venosus, which collects de-oxygenated blood, from the body, through the hepatic and cardinal veins. From here, blood flows into the atrium and then to the powerful muscular ventricle where the main pumping action takes place. The fourth and final chamber is the conus arteriosus which contains several valves and sends blood to the ventral aorta. The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery. In the adult fish, the four chambers are not arranged in a straight row but, instead, form an S-shape with the latter two chambers lying above the former two. This relatively simpler pattern is found in cartilaginous fish and in the more primitive ray-finned fish. In teleosts, the conus arteriosus is very small and can more accurately be described as part of the aorta rather than of the heart proper. The conus arteriosus is not present in any amniotes which presumably having been absorbed into the ventricles over the course of evolution. Similarly, while the sinus venosus is present as a vestigial structure in some reptiles and birds, it is otherwise absorbed into the right atrium and is no longer distinguishable[WP]. UBERONREF:0000002 endocrine system AAO:0010279 Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. EFO:0002969 EHDAA2:0002224 EV:0100128 FBbt:00005068 FMA:9668 GAID:439 MA:0000012 MESH:A.06 SCTID:278876000 TAO:0001158 UBERON:0000949 UBERON:FBbt_00003214-FBbt_00005068-FMA_9668-MA_0000012-XAO_0000158-ZFA_0001158 VHOG:0000098 XAO:0000158 ZFA:0001158 endocrine glandular system endocrine system ncithesaurus:Endocrine_System systema endocrinum uberon EHDAA2:0002224 endocrine glandular system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. NLM:endocrine+system Wikipedia:Endocrine_system gracilis BTO:0000536 Editor's note: AAO has minor and major gracilis, which merge together, attaching the pelvic rim to the tibiofibula - this could be grouped with the mammalian gracilis at some level; note the current insertion site is 'tibia' which would be modified for amphibian tibiafibula FMA:43882 MA:0002311 OpenCyc:Mx4rv7If8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181689005 The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch. UBERON:0000950 UBERON:FBbt_00003277-FMA_43882-MA_0002311 galen:Gracilis gracilis muscle musculus gracilis ncithesaurus:Gracilis uberon dbpedia pes anserinus dbpedia ischiopubic ramus The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch. Wikipedia:Gracilis_muscle Wikipedia:Gracilis_muscle musculus gracilis BTO:0000536 gracilis muscle Wikipedia rotator muscle FMA:23081 SCTID:244872002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000951 UBERON:FBbt_00003314-FMA_23081 uberon adductor muscle UBERON:0000952 UBERON:0011144 UBERON:0011145 obsoleted as it conflated a generic functional grouping with a specific group of muscles in the leg/hip true uberon visceral muscle UBERON:0000953 UBERON:FBbt_00003525-MIAA_0000303-XAO_0000175 adult visceral muscle involuntary non-striated muscle. smooth muscle terminological note: GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably true uberon Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle involuntary non-striated muscle. intestine muscle BTO:0000643 UBERON:0000954 UBERON:FBbt_00003537-WBbt_0005796 intestinal muscle intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus true uberon WB:Paper00000653 intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus brain AAO:0010478 ABA:Brain BILA:0000135 BTO:0000142 EFO:0000302 EHDAA2:0000183 EHDAA:2641 EHDAA:6485 EMAPA:16894 EV:0100164 FBbt:00005095 FMA:50801 GAID:571 MA:0000168 MAT:0000098 MESH:A.08.186.211 MIAA:0000098 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_796 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:258335003 TAO:0000008 The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals.[1] Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. UBERON:0000955 UBERON:FBbt_00003624-FBbt_00005095-FMA_50801-MA_0000168-MIAA_0000098-MIAA_0000341-WBbt_0005440-XAO_0000010-ZFA_0000008 VHOG:0000157 XAO:0000010 ZFA:0000008 encephalon galen:Brain include synganglion? ncithesaurus:Brain synganglion uberon FMA definitional BTO:0000142 encephalon The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals.[1] Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. Wikipedia:Brain GO cerebral cortex ABA:CTX BM:Tel-Cx BTO:0000233 EFO:0000328 EHDAA2:0000234 EHDAA:5464 EMAPA:17544 EV:0100166 FMA:61830 GAID:629 MA:0000185 MAT:0000108 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213 MIAA:0000108 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1494 SCTID:362880003 The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum. In preserved brains, it has a grey color, hence the name 'grey matter'. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibers, whereas the white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons interconnecting different regions of the central nervous system. The human cerebral cortex is 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 inches) thick. The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in large mammals, such that more than two-thirds of the cortical surface is buried in the grooves, called 'sulci. ' The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex, also called isocortex, is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus (also called archicortex), has at most three cellular layers, and is divided into subfields. Relative variations in thickness or cell type (among other parameters) allow us to distinguish between different neocortical architectonic fields. The geometry of at least some of these fields seems to be related to the anatomy of the cortical folds, and, for example, layers in the upper part of the cortical ridges seem to be more clearly differentiated than in its deeper parts. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000956 UBERON:FBbt_00003625-FMA_61830-MA_0000185-MIAA_0000108 VHOG:0000722 brain cortex cortex cerebri cortex of cerebral hemisphere http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cerebral_Cortex_location.jpg/200px-Cerebral_Cortex_location.jpg ncithesaurus:Cortex pallium of the brain uberon BTO:0000233 pallium of the brain GO Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex cortex cerebri BTO:0000233 brain cortex The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum. In preserved brains, it has a grey color, hence the name 'grey matter'. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibers, whereas the white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons interconnecting different regions of the central nervous system. The human cerebral cortex is 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 inches) thick. The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in large mammals, such that more than two-thirds of the cortical surface is buried in the grooves, called 'sulci. ' The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex, also called isocortex, is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus (also called archicortex), has at most three cellular layers, and is divided into subfields. Relative variations in thickness or cell type (among other parameters) allow us to distinguish between different neocortical architectonic fields. The geometry of at least some of these fields seems to be related to the anatomy of the cortical folds, and, for example, layers in the upper part of the cortical ridges seem to be more clearly differentiated than in its deeper parts. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex lamina Any thin layer or plate. TODO - merge with cell layer? UBERON:0000957 UBERON:FBbt_00003708-FMA_67265 uberon Any thin layer or plate. Wikipedia:Lamina_of_the_vertebral_arch medulla BM:Me FMA:61108 Middle part of an organ (as opposed to the cortex)[WP]. This class is used in a very general sense UBERON:0000958 UBERON:FBbt_00003748-FMA_61108 galen:Medulla uberon Middle part of an organ (as opposed to the cortex)[WP]. Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary optic chiasma AAO:0010622 BM:Tel-OCX EHDAA2:0001302 EHDAA:10227 EMAPA:17603 FMA:62045 GAID:832 MA:0001098 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.680.600 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1416 Nerve trunk which is continuous with right and left optic nerves and right and left optic tracts.[FMA] SCTID:244453006 TAO:0000556 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000959 UBERON:FBbt_00003921-FMA_62045-MA_0001098-ZFA_0000556 VHOG:0000190 XAO:0004071 ZFA:0000556 chiasma opticum decussation of optic nerve fibers http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1543%2CVisalius%27OpticChiasma.jpg/200px-1543%2CVisalius%27OpticChiasma.jpg ncithesaurus:Optic_Chiasm optic chiasm uberon FMA:FMA Nerve trunk which is continuous with right and left optic nerves and right and left optic tracts.[FMA] Wikipedia:Optic_chiasma ZFIN:curator FMA:62045 FMA:TA chiasma opticum pharyngeal nerve OBSOLETE. Original definition: The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000960 UBERON:FBbt_00004021-FMA_77524-WBbt_0005441 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray780.png/200px-Gray780.png true uberon OBSOLETE. Original definition: The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_nerve thoracic ganglion BTO:0001831 EHDAA:4664 EMAPA:17158 FMA:6471 MA:0001159 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002012 SCTID:181102004 The thoracic ganglia are paravertebral ganglia. The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 thoracic ganglia. Emerging from the ganglia are thoracic splancic nerves (the cardiopulmonary, the greater, lesser, and least splanchic nerves) that help provide sympathetic innervation to abdominal structures. Also, the ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic trunk have both white and gray rami communicantes. The white rami carry sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord into the sympathetic trunk. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000961 UBERON:FBbt_00004052-FMA_6471-MA_0001159 VHOG:0000515 ganglion of thorax ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray849.png/200px-Gray849.png ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Ganglion thoracic paravertebral ganglion thoracic splanchnic ganglion thoracic sympathetic ganglion thorax ganglion uberon OBOL:automatic thorax ganglion The thoracic ganglia are paravertebral ganglia. The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 thoracic ganglia. Emerging from the ganglia are thoracic splancic nerves (the cardiopulmonary, the greater, lesser, and least splanchic nerves) that help provide sympathetic innervation to abdominal structures. Also, the ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic trunk have both white and gray rami communicantes. The white rami carry sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord into the sympathetic trunk. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracic_ganglion FMA:6471 FMA:TA ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum OBOL:automatic ganglion of thorax cervical nerve FMA:5859 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090207 SCTID:360497008 The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. ) Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000962 UBERON:FBbt_00004053-FMA_5859 cervical nerve tree cervical spinal nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray795.png/200px-Gray795.png ncithesaurus:Cervical_Nerve uberon The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. ) Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cervical_nerve head sensillum FBbt:00004114 MAT:0000204 MIAA:0000204 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000963 UBERON:FBbt_00004114-MIAA_0000204 uberon cornea AAO:0010344 BTO:0000286 EFO:0000377 EHDAA2:0000316 EHDAA:10199 EMAPA:17161 EV:0100341 FMA:58238 GAID:892 MA:0000266 MESH:A.09.371.060.217 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181162001 TAO:0000640 UBERON:0000964 UBERON:FBbt_00004191-FMA_58238-MA_0000266-XAO_0000180-ZFA_0000640 VHOG:0000164 XAO:0000180 ZFA:0000640 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Cornea transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. tunica cornea uberon definitional MA Wikipedia:Cornea transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. MA lens of camera-type eye AAO:0010348 BTO:0000723 EHDAA:9057 EMAPA:17838 EV:0100343 FMA:58241 MA:0000275 MAT:0000141 MESH:A.09.371.509 MIAA:0000141 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 SCTID:181169005 TAO:0000035 Taxon notes: This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses. Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. UBERON:0000965 UBERON:FBbt_00004199-FMA_58241-MA_0000275-MIAA_0000141-XAO_0000008-ZFA_0000035 VHOG:0000169 XAO:0000008 ZFA:0000035 camera-type eye lens crystalline lens eye lens lens lens crystallina ncithesaurus:Crystalline_Lens ocular lens uberon BTO:0000723 ocular lens Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) BTO:0000723 crystalline lens Wikipedia:Lens_%28anatomy%29 lens crystallina eye lens lens GO:0002088 camera-type eye lens retina AAO:0010352 BTO:0001175 Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Us the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods EFO:0000832 EHDAA2:0001627 EHDAA:4757 EMAPA:17168 EV:0100348 FMA:58301 GAID:755 MA:0000276 MAT:0000142 MESH:A.09.371.729 MIAA:0000142 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1153 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1156 Netzhaut OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181171005 TAO:0000152 The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. UBERON:0000966 UBERON:FBbt_00004200-FMA_58301-MA_0000276-MIAA_0000142-XAO_0000009-ZFA_0000152 VHOG:0000229 XAO:0000009 ZFA:0000152 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png/200px-Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png inner layer of eyeball ncithesaurus:Retina tunica interna of eyeball uberon EHDAA2 The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. Wikipedia:Retina ZFIN:curator BTO:0001175 Netzhaut adult thoracic sensillum UBERON:0000967 UBERON:FBbt_00004245-MIAA_0000205 arthropod sensillum of thorax sensillum of thorax thoracic sensillum thorax arthropod sensillum thorax sensillum true uberon OBOL:automatic arthropod sensillum of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax arthropod sensillum OBOL:automatic thorax sensillum OBOL:automatic sensillum of thorax adult abdominal sensillum UBERON:0000968 UBERON:FBbt_00004461-MIAA_0000206 abdomen arthropod sensillum abdomen sensillum abdominal sensillum arthropod sensillum of abdomen sensillum of abdomen true uberon OBOL:automatic sensillum of abdomen OBOL:automatic arthropod sensillum of abdomen OBOL:automatic abdomen arthropod sensillum OBOL:automatic abdomen sensillum joint connecting hardened body parts UBERON:0000969 true uberon eye An organ that detects light. BILA:0000017 BTO:0000439 EFO:0000827 EV:0100336 FBbt:00005162 GAID:69 MAT:0000140 MESH:A.01.456.505.420 MIAA:0000140 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000970 UBERON:FBbt_00004508-FMA_54448-MA_0000261-MIAA_0000140-XAO_0000179-ZFA_0000107 Usage notes: This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each). Structure notes: Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, light-detecting organ photoreceptor uberon visual apparatus EV:0100336 visual apparatus An organ that detects light. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Eye http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye ommatidium BTO:0001922 FBbt:00004510 HAO:0000666 MAT:0000143 MIAA:0000143 One of the small facets of the compound eye. UBERON:0000971 UBERON:FBbt_00004510-MIAA_0000143 omatidium uberon ISBN:3110148986 One of the small facets of the compound eye. Wikipedia:Ommatidium antenna AEO:0000198 BTO:0000074 EFO:0000874 Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology FBbt:00004511 HAO:0000101 MAT:0000086 MIAA:0000086 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjSAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000007 The paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli. In the context of Drosophila refers to they are the most anterior segmented sensory appendage of the head. UBERON:0000972 UBERON:FBbt_00004511-MIAA_0000086 feeler uberon BTO:0000074 feeler FB:gg ISBN:3110148986 The paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli. In the context of Drosophila refers to they are the most anterior segmented sensory appendage of the head. Wikipedia:Antenna_(biology) labrum UBERON:0000973 UBERON:FBbt_00004522-FMA_76808 true uberon neck AEO:0000108 BTO:0000420 EFO:0000967 EHDAA2:0003108 FMA:7155 GAID:86 MA:0000024 MAT:0000297 MESH:A.01.598 MIAA:0000297 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302550007 Subdivision of body proper, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the cervical vertebral coumn, it is partially surrounded by skin of neck. Examples: There is only one neck[FMA]. TODO - generic definition UBERON:0000974 UBERON:FBbt_00004550-FMA_7155-MA_0000024-MIAA_0000297 collum galen:Neck http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Female_neck.jpg/200px-Female_neck.jpg ncithesaurus:Neck uberon Subdivision of body proper, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the cervical vertebral coumn, it is partially surrounded by skin of neck. Examples: There is only one neck[FMA]. Wikipedia:Neck Wikipedia:Neck collum sternum AAO:0000765 BTO:0001302 EHDAA2:0001914 EHDAA:9561 EMAPA:18344 Editor note: in EMAPA this is part of the skeleton of pectoral girdle. Here we have a strict spatial disjointness condition between the thorax and appendages so we do not include this FMA:7485 GAID:246 MA:0001331 MESH:A.02.835.232.904.766 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjO6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302522007 The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone. It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped structure, often composed entirely of cartilage. It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is a relatively large bone and typically bears an enormous projecting keel to which the flight muscles are attached. Only in mammals does the sternum take on the elongated, segmented form seen in humans. In some mammals, such as opossums, the individual segments never fuse and remain separated by cartilagenous plates throughout life. UBERON:0000975 UBERON:FBbt_00004557-FMA_7485-MA_0001331 VHOG:0000856 breastbone galen:Sternum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg/200px-Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg ncithesaurus:Sternum uberon vertebrate sternum BTO:0001302 breastbone FMA ISBN:3110148986 The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone. It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped structure, often composed entirely of cartilage. It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is a relatively large bone and typically bears an enormous projecting keel to which the flight muscles are attached. Only in mammals does the sternum take on the elongated, segmented form seen in humans. In some mammals, such as opossums, the individual segments never fuse and remain separated by cartilagenous plates throughout life. Wikipedia:Sternum humerus AAO:0000679 EFO:0001398 EMAPA:18468 EMAPA:19106 FMA:13303 GAID:183 MA:0001356 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.412 Paired long bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows[AAO, modified]. SCTID:181923006 UBERON:0000976 UBERON:FBbt_00004562-FMA_13303-MA_0001356 VHOG:0001158 XAO:0003210 galen:Humerus homologous to proximal metapterygial mesomere [Hall 2007] http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_upper_extremity.jpg ncithesaurus:Humerus uberon AAO:0000679 Paired long bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows[AAO, modified]. Wikipedia:Humerus FMA FMA definitional pleura BTO:0001791 EFO:0001980 EV:0100044 FMA:9583 GAID:360 In mouse, is_a cavity lining. In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane MA:0000433 MESH:A.04.716 OpenCyc:Mx4rv3zwLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181609007 The delicate serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax of mammals and is folded back over the surface of the lung of the same side[BTO]. UBERON:0000977 UBERON:FBbt_00004591-FMA_9583-MA_0000433 VHOG:0000394 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gray965.png/200px-Gray965.png ncithesaurus:Pleural_Tissue pleura pleural tissue uberon wall of pleural sac BTO:0001791 pleural tissue MESH The delicate serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax of mammals and is folded back over the surface of the lung of the same side[BTO]. Wikipedia:Pleura FMA leg BTO:0000721 EFO:0001411 EHDAA2:0000972 EHDAA:5151 EHDAA:6176 EHDAA:8289 EMAPA:17489 GAID:49 MA:0000047 MESH:A.01.378.610 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViYzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. The term leg can mean: [1] an appendage on which an animal walks [2] the entire hindlimb of a tetrapod [3] the segment of a human leg between knee and ankle (cf FMA) [4] the region of a hindlimb include the stylopod and zeugopod, but excluding the autopod. We define this class as [4], and thus 'leg' is compltely analagous to 'arm'. For [1], see the class 'locomotive weight-bearing appendage'. For [2] we use 'hindlimb'. For [3] we use the less open to misinterpretation 'hindlimb zeugopod'. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping foot, as AOs disagree over whether some ankle parts are in the leg or foot UBERON:0000978 UBERON:FBbt_00004640-FMA_24979-MA_0000047-MIAA_0000095 VHOG:0000345 lower extremity tetrapod leg uberon The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. Wikipedia:Leg#Limb MESH:A.01.378.610 lower extremity tibia AAO:0000890 BTO:0001252 Does not include the tibia segment of the arthropod leg FBbt:00004642 EFO:0003054 EMAPA:18513 EMAPA:19142 FMA:24476 GAID:204 Larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones. MA:0001361 MESH:A.02.835.232.500.883 OpenCyc:Mx4rvtq3-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182061009 UBERON:0000979 UBERON:FBbt_00004642-FMA_24476-MA_0001361 galen:Tibia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray260.png/200px-Gray260.png ncithesaurus:Tibia shankbone shinbone uberon Wikipedia:Tibia shankbone Larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones. Wikipedia:Tibia Wikipedia:Tibia shinbone trochanter AAO:0000897 FMA:82513 MA:0002821 SCTID:182047004 UBERON:0000980 UBERON:FBbt_00004643-FMA_82513 bony prominences near the upper extremity of the femur; there are two in human (greater and lesser trochanters) and three in many other mammalian species (greater, lesser and third); these normally serve as attachment points for hip and thigh muscles[MP] femoral trochanter ncithesaurus:Trochanter trochanter of femur uberon AAO:0000897 femoral trochanter Wikipedia:Trochanter bony prominences near the upper extremity of the femur; there are two in human (greater and lesser trochanters) and three in many other mammalian species (greater, lesser and third); these normally serve as attachment points for hip and thigh muscles[MP] MA femur AAO:0000889 BTO:0001284 EFO:0001396 EMAPA:18514 EMAPA:19143 FMA:9611 GAID:199 MA:0001359 MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182046008 The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the body) bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs. In vertebrates with four legs, the femur is found only in the rear legs. Some species of whales[1], snakes[2], and other non-walking vertebrates have vestigial femurs. One of the earliest known vertebrates to have a femur is the Eusthenopteron, a prehistoric lobe-finned fish from the Late Devonian period. UBERON:0000981 UBERON:FBbt_00004644-FMA_9611-MA_0001359 VHOG:0001159 VSAO:0000186 XAO:0003214 femoral bone galen:Femur homologous to proximal metapterygial mesomere [Hall 2007]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray252.png/200px-Gray252.png ncithesaurus:Femur os femorale os femoris os femoris, os longissimum thigh bone uberon BTO:0001284 femoral bone BTO:0001284 os femorale BTO:0001284 os femoris Wikipedia:Femur os femoris, os longissimum MA FMA definitional FMA The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the body) bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs. In vertebrates with four legs, the femur is found only in the rear legs. Some species of whales[1], snakes[2], and other non-walking vertebrates have vestigial femurs. One of the earliest known vertebrates to have a femur is the Eusthenopteron, a prehistoric lobe-finned fish from the Late Devonian period. Wikipedia:Femur skeletal joint AEO:0000182 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. BTO:0001686 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:19204 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:A.02.835.583 MIAA:0000188 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 SCTID:302536002 TAO:0000367 UBERON:0000982 UBERON:FBbt_00004645-FMA_228659-FMA_7490-MA_0000319-MIAA_0000188-XAO_0000171-ZFA_0001596 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 articular joint articulation galen:Joint joint ncithesaurus:Joint uberon FMA:7490 VSAO:0000101 joint BTO:0001686 articular joint Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. VSAO:0000101 Wikipedia:Joint VSAO:0000101 articulation metatarsus region FMA:24997 MA:0000049 Note that mammalian and non-mammalian AOs differ in whether they consider this a part of the skeleton UBERON:0000983 UBERON:FBbt_00004648-FMA_24997-MA_0000049 hind metapodium metatarsal part of foot metatarsal region metatarsus ossa metatarsalia regio metatarsalis uberon FMA:24997 metatarsal region Wikipedia:Metatarsus ossa metatarsalia FMA:24997 metatarsal part of foot FMA:24997 FMA:TA regio metatarsalis Wikipedia:Metatarsus metatarsus AAO:0000221 MA:th hind metapodium http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial imaginal disc-derived wing A flight organ of the adult external thorax that is derived from a dorsal mesothoracic disc. FBbt:00004729 HAO:0001089 TGMA:0000196 TODO: review. hymenoptera thorax = fusion of thorax and mesosoma/metasoma UBERON:0000984 UBERON:FBbt_00004729-MIAA_0000202 adult mesothoracic wing adult metathoracic wing thoracic wing thorax wing uberon wing wing of thorax A flight organ of the adult external thorax that is derived from a dorsal mesothoracic disc. FB:gg FBbt:00004729 wing OBOL:automatic thorax wing OBOL:automatic wing of thorax axillary vein EMAPA:18758 FMA:13329 GAID:527 In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002084 MESH:A.07.231.908.077 OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSHK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181389002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000985 UBERON:FBbt_00004754-FMA_13329-MA_0002084 galen:AxillaryVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png ncithesaurus:Axillary_Vein subcostal vein uberon vena axillaris In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Axillary_vein Wikipedia:Axillary_vein vena axillaris haltere EFO:0000886 Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology FBbt:00004783 MAT:0000203 MIAA:0000203 OpenCyc:Mx4rwL1JcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The capitate stalk on both sides of the thorax having developed from the dorsal metathoracic wing-buds, it is freely movable and capable of vibration, representing the hind wing of Diptera; used for flight balance. UBERON:0000987 UBERON:FBbt_00004783-MIAA_0000203 balancer organ uberon FB:gg ISBN:3110148986 The capitate stalk on both sides of the thorax having developed from the dorsal metathoracic wing-buds, it is freely movable and capable of vibration, representing the hind wing of Diptera; used for flight balance. Wikipedia:Haltere pons ABA:P BM:Pons BTO:0001101 Brainstrem structure that has as its parts the pontine tegmentum and basal part of pons[FMA]. EFO:0001394 EHDAA2:0004394 EMAPA:17563 EV:0100253 FMA:67943 GAID:578 MA:0000204 MAT:0000115 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.600 MIAA:0000115 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_733 SCTID:279103004 The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved UBERON:0000988 UBERON:FBbt_00004840-FMA_67943-MA_0000204-MIAA_0000115-ZFA_0001618 VHOG:0001176 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gray768.png/200px-Gray768.png ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii pons Varolii pons of Varolius uberon ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii pons Varolii Brainstrem structure that has as its parts the pontine tegmentum and basal part of pons[FMA]. FMA:67943 Wikipedia:Pons penis BTO:0000405 EFO:0000987 EHDAA2:0001433 EHDAA:9380 EMAPA:18682 EMAPA:18996 EV:0100107 FMA:9707 GAID:389 MA:0000408 MAT:0000186 MESH:A.05.360.444.492 MIAA:0000186 Most male birds (e.g., roosters and turkeys) have a cloaca (also present on the female), but not a penis. Among bird species with a penis are paleognathes (tinamous and ratites), Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), and a very few other species (such as flamingoes). A bird penis is different in structure from mammal penises, being an erectile expansion of the cloacal wall and being erected by lymph, not blood. It is usually partially feathered and in some species features spines and brush-like filaments, and in flaccid state curls up inside the cloaca[WP] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:265793009 The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external sexual organ of certain biologically male organisms, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for placental mammals, additionally serves as the external organ of urination. The penis is generally found on mammals and reptiles. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000989 UBERON:FBbt_00004852-FMA_9707-MA_0000408-MIAA_0000186 VHOG:0000727 galen:Penis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Labelled_flaccid_penis.jpg/200px-Labelled_flaccid_penis.jpg ncithesaurus:Penis phallus uberon EHDAA2 Wikipedia Wikipedia The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external sexual organ of certain biologically male organisms, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for placental mammals, additionally serves as the external organ of urination. The penis is generally found on mammals and reptiles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Penis reproductive system AAO:0010258 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. BILA:0000103 BTO:0000081 EFO:0000809 EHDAA2:0001603 EHDAA:5923 EMAPA:17381 EV:0100100 FBbt:00004826 FBbt:00004857 FMA:7160 GAID:363 Geschlechtsorgan HAO:0000374 HAO:0000895 MA:0000326 MIAA:0000305 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278875001 TAO:0000632 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000990 UBERON:FBbt_00004857-FMA_7160-MA_0000326-MIAA_0000305-WBbt_0005747-XAO_0000142-ZFA_0000632 VHOG:0000182 WBbt:0005747 XAO:0000142 ZFA:0000632 animal reproductive system genital system genitalia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Penis.svg/200px-Penis.svg.png ncithesaurus:Reproductive_System organa genitalia reproductive tissue systemata genitalia uberon BTO:0000081 Geschlechtsorgan Wikipedia:Reproductive_system systemata genitalia genitalia BTO:0000081 organa genitalia BTO:0000081 reproductive tissue BTO:0000081 animal reproductive system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. Wikipedia:Reproductive_system gonad AAO:0000213 BILA:0000123 BTO:0000534 EMAPA:17383 FBbt:00004858 FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' FMA:18250 GAID:368 HAO:0000379 MA:0002420 MESH:A.05.360.576 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). SCTID:304623008 TAO:0000413 UBERON:0000991 UBERON:FBbt_00004858-FMA_18250-MA_0002420-WBbt_0005175-XAO_0003146-ZFA_0000413 VHOG:0000397 WBbt:0005175 XAO:0003146 ZFA:0000413 gonada ncithesaurus:Gonad uberon ISBN:0140512888 Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). Wikipedia:Gonad ZFA:0000413 ZFIN:curator female gonad AAO:0000371 BILA:0000125 BTO:0000975 EHDAA2:0001360 EHDAA:8124 EMAPA:17962 EV:0100111 FBbt:00004865 FMA:7209 GAID:367 MA:0000384 MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630 MIAA:0000125 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[WP]. Ovum-producing female reproductive organ. SCTID:181464007 TAO:0000403 UBERON:0000992 UBERON:FBbt_00004865-FMA_7209-MA_0000384-MIAA_0000125-XAO_0000258-ZFA_0000403 VHOG:0000251 XAO:0000258 ZFA:0000403 female organism genitalia gonad female organism genitalia gonada female organism reproductive system gonad female organism reproductive system gonada female reproductive system gonad female reproductive system gonada genitalia of female organism gonad genitalia of female organism gonada gonad of female organism genitalia gonad of female organism reproductive system gonad of female reproductive system gonad of genitalia of female organism gonad of reproductive system of female organism gonada of female organism genitalia gonada of female organism reproductive system gonada of female reproductive system gonada of genitalia of female organism gonada of reproductive system of female organism http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Ovary ovaries ovarium ovary ovum-producing ovary reproductive system of female organism gonad reproductive system of female organism gonada uberon OBOL:automatic female organism genitalia gonada GO:0061039 ovum-producing ovary ovaries OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic gonad of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonada of female organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system gonada OBOL:automatic genitalia of female organism gonada OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic gonada of genitalia of female organism OBOL:automatic reproductive system of female organism gonada OBOL:automatic gonad of genitalia of female organism Wikipedia:Ovary ovarium OBOL:automatic gonad of female organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic female organism genitalia gonad Ovum-producing female reproductive organ. Wikipedia:Ovary OBOL:automatic gonada of reproductive system of female organism OBOL:automatic gonad of female organism genitalia OBOL:automatic genitalia of female organism gonad OBOL:automatic gonada of female organism genitalia OBOL:automatic reproductive system of female organism gonad OBOL:automatic gonada of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonad of reproductive system of female organism OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonada oviduct AAO:0010533 BTO:0000980 EFO:0000974 EMAPA:18984 GAID:366 MAT:0000126 MESH:A.13.706 MIAA:0000126 TAO:0000560 UBERON:0000993 UBERON:FBbt_00004911-FMA_18245-MA_0000385-MIAA_0000126-XAO_0003052-ZFA_0000560 VHOG:0001136 XAO:0003052 ZFA:0000560 ncithesaurus:Oviduct note that the more specific class fallopian tube is included, which has mammal-specific relationships passage from the ovaries to the outside of the body[Wikipedia:Oviduct]. salpinx tuba uterina tuba uterinae uberon uterine tube BTO:0000980 salpinx Wikipedia:Oviduct passage from the ovaries to the outside of the body[Wikipedia:Oviduct]. BTO:0000980 tuba uterina BTO:0000980 tuba uterinae spermathecum BTO:0001273 EFO:0000977 FBbt:00004921 HAO:0000945 MAT:0000168 MIAA:0000168 TGMA:0000560 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000994 UBERON:FBbt_00004921-MIAA_0000168-WBbt_0005319 WBbt:0005319 an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates.[1] Its purpose is to receive and store sperm from the male, and can sometimes be the site of fertilization when the oocytes are ready.[2] Some species have multiple spermathecae, as seen in earthworms, where four pairs of spermathecae are present. One pair in 6,7,8 and 9 segments. They receive and store the spermatozoa of another earthworm during copulation.[3] They are lined with epithelium and are variable in shape; some are thin, heavily coiled tubes, others are vague outpocketings from the main reproductive tract. It is one of the many variations in sexual reproduction[WP]. an accordion-like tube that contains sperm and is the site of oocyte fertilization. receptaculum seminis seminal receptacle spermatheca uberon Wikipedia:Spermatheca an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates.[1] Its purpose is to receive and store sperm from the male, and can sometimes be the site of fertilization when the oocytes are ready.[2] Some species have multiple spermathecae, as seen in earthworms, where four pairs of spermathecae are present. One pair in 6,7,8 and 9 segments. They receive and store the spermatozoa of another earthworm during copulation.[3] They are lined with epithelium and are variable in shape; some are thin, heavily coiled tubes, others are vague outpocketings from the main reproductive tract. It is one of the many variations in sexual reproduction[WP]. an accordion-like tube that contains sperm and is the site of oocyte fertilization. spermatheca BTO:0001273 receptaculum seminis uterus BTO:0001424 EFO:0000975 EMAPA:29915 EV:0100113 FMA:17558 GAID:172 MA:0000389 MAT:0000127 MESH:A.05.360.319.679 MIAA:0000127 Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle "vagina" which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline "placenta" (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a "true" placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream. OpenCyc:Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181452004 UBERON:0000995 UBERON:FBbt_00004924-FMA_17558-MA_0000389-MIAA_0000127-WBbt_0006760 VHOG:0001137 a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation, usually developing completely in placental mammals such as humans and partially in marsupials such as kangaroos and opossums. Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused[WP]. galen:Uterus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Uterus uberon uterine horn uterine horns womb BTO:0001424 womb Wikipedia:Uterus a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation, usually developing completely in placental mammals such as humans and partially in marsupials such as kangaroos and opossums. Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused[WP]. vagina BTO:0000243 EFO:0000976 EMAPA:18986 EV:0100117 FMA:19949 GAID:381 MA:0000394 MAT:0000128 MESH:A.05.360.319.779 MIAA:0000128 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj1B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181441005 Taxon notes (via vHOG): "The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.688 UBERON:0000996 UBERON:FBbt_00004925-FMA_19949-MA_0000394-MIAA_0000128 VHOG:0001138 a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP]. Organ with organ cavity which connects the cervical canal of uterus to the vestibule of vagina.[FMA] galen:Vagina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vaginal_opening_-_english_description.jpg/200px-Vaginal_opening_-_english_description.jpg ncithesaurus:Vagina uberon FMA:19949 Wikipedia:Vagina a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP]. Organ with organ cavity which connects the cervical canal of uterus to the vestibule of vagina.[FMA] Wikipedia mammalian vulva BTO:0003101 EFO:0000978 EV:0100118 FMA:20462 GAID:383 MA:0000395 MAT:0000169 MESH:A.05.360.319.887 MIAA:0000169 OpenCyc:Mx4rvgAWeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:265796001 UBERON:0000997 UBERON:FBbt_00004926-FMA_20462-FMA_225311-MA_0000395-MIAA_0000169-WBbt_0006748 VHOG:0001458 editor note: todo - add pudendum external genital organs of the female mammal[WP]. female pudendum galen:Vulva mammalian vulva ncithesaurus:Vulva puboperineal region pudendum femininum pudendum femininum skin of female pudendum skin of vulva uberon vulva FMA:20462 female pudendum BTO FMA:20462 FMA:TA pudendum femininum FMA:20462 puboperineal region BTO:0003101 female pudendum Wikipedia:Vulva external genital organs of the female mammal[WP]. Wikipedia:Vulva pudendum femininum MA:0000395 vulva seminal vesicle AAO:0010788 BTO:0001234 EFO:0000986 EMAPA:19180 EV:0100106 Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct. FMA:19386 Function notes: The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. Lipofuscin granules from dead epithelial cells give the secretion its yellowish color. About 50-70%[2] of the seminal fluid in humans originates from the seminal vesicles, but is not expelled in the first ejaculate fractions which are dominated by spermatozoa and zinc-rich prostatic fluid. GAID:394 MA:0000410 MAT:0000171 MESH:A.05.360.444.713 MIAA:0000171 OpenCyc:Mx4rwTtRpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181434004 UBERON:0000998 UBERON:FBbt_00004958-FMA_19386-MA_0000410-MIAA_0000171-WBbt_0006870 VHOG:0001379 glandula seminalis glandula vesiculosa gon_male_sves http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Male_anatomy_en.svg/200px-Male_anatomy_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Seminal_Vesicle seminal gland uberon vas efferens vesicul%c3%a6 seminales vesicula seminalis vesiculae seminales vesicular gland vesicular glands vesicular seminalis vesiculæ seminales Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicular seminalis Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicular glands BTO:0001234 glandula seminalis Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicul%c3%a6 seminales BTO:0001234 vesicula seminalis Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesiculae seminales Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesiculæ seminales BTO:0001234 Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct. Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicula seminalis Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicular gland BTO:0001234 glandula vesiculosa ejaculatory duct BTO:0001580 EFO:0000985 EMAPA:19088 FMA:19325 GAID:388 MAT:0000170 MESH:A.05.360.444.251 MIAA:0000170 OpenCyc:Mx4rwOt7MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279665005 The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000999 UBERON:FBbt_00004965-FMA_19325-MIAA_0000170 ductus ejaculatorii ductus ejaculatorii ductus ejaculatorius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Ejaculatory_Duct uberon The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ejaculatory_duct BTO:0001580 ductus ejaculatorii Wikipedia:Ejaculatory_duct ductus ejaculatorii BTO:0001580 ductus ejaculatorius vas deferens BTO:0001427 EFO:0000981 EMAPA:18681 EV:0100105 FMA:19234 GAID:404 MA:0000413 MESH:A.05.360.444.930 MIAA:0000129 OpenCyc:Mx4rvjv7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245467009 Taxon notes (from WP): Most vertebrates have some form of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, there is a distinct sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled up to form an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct also receives ducts from the kidneys in most species. In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a small sac for storing sperm. The only vertebrates to lack any structure resembling a vas deferens are the primitive jawless fishes, which release sperm directly into the body cavity, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the body wall. UBERON:0001000 UBERON:FBbt_00004968-FMA_19234-MA_0000413-MIAA_0000129-WBbt_0005337 VHOG:0001135 deferent duct duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is from the epididymis. ductus deferens galen:VasDeferens http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Male_anatomy_en.svg/200px-Male_anatomy_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Vas_Deferens sperm duct uberon vas deferen vasa deferentia Wikipedia:Vas_deferens ductus deferens Wikipedia:Vas_deferens duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is from the epididymis. FMA chitin-based cuticle EFO:0000944 FBbt:00004970 HAO:0000240 MAT:0000150 MIAA:0000150 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkBTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TODO - split from exoskeleton? Also: See above sf item to see if this belongs in GO The main structural component of arthropod cuticle is a polysaccharide, chitin, composed of N-acetylglucosamine units, together with proteins and lipids[WP]. UBERON:0001001 UBERON:FBbt_00004970 arthropod cuticle cuticle exoskeleton insect cuticle uberon FBbt:00004970 cuticle The main structural component of arthropod cuticle is a polysaccharide, chitin, composed of N-acetylglucosamine units, together with proteins and lipids[WP]. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Cuticle#Invertebrate_zoology https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3348965&group_id=36855&atid=440764 cuticle BTO:0001600 TODO - check cuticle vs exoskeleton. Note that GO has a very generic definition of cuticle. See also arthropod-anatomy ontology. Note in ncit Cuticle is a plant part UBERON:0001002 UBERON:FBbt_00004970-MIAA_0000150-WBbt_0005755 cuticula tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Cuticles are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure and chemical composition[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Cuticle http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3348965&group_id=36855&atid=440764 tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Cuticles are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure and chemical composition[WP]. BTO:0001600 cuticula epidermis AAO:0000143 BTO:0000404 EFO:0000954 EHDAA2:0001844 EMAPA:17525 EV:0100153 FMA:70596 GAID:932 MA:0000153 MAT:0000154 MESH:A.10.272.497 MIAA:0000154 SCTID:361694003 TAO:0000105 The outer layer of the skin[WP]. cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm[ZFA]. UBERON:0001003 UBERON:FBbt_00004993-FBbt_00005401-FMA_70596-MA_0000153-MIAA_0000154-WBbt_0005733-XAO_0000028-ZFA_0000105 VHOG:0000077 XAO:0000028 ZFA:0000105 Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). adult epidermis ncithesaurus:Epidermis skin uberon vertebrate epidermis ISBN10:0073040584 The outer layer of the skin[WP]. cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Epidermis_(skin) respiratory system AAO:0000541 Atmungssystem BTO:0000203 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.. GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:A.04 MIAA:0000030 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278197002 TAO:0000272 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001004 UBERON:FBbt_00005024-FMA_7158-MA_0000327-MIAA_0000030-XAO_0000117-ZFA_0000272 VHOG:0000202 XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius apparatus respiratorius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg/200px-Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System respiratory system systema respiratorium uberon Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.. Wikipedia:Respiratory_system Wikipedia:Respiratory_system systema respiratorium Atmungssystem BTO:0000203 BTO:0000203 apparatus respiratorius respiratory airway An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. SCTID:361380005 This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED) UBERON:0001005 UBERON:FBbt_00005043-FMA_7394-MA_0000441-MIAA_0000137-XAO_0000118 uberon An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. Wikipedia:Trachea spiracle EFO:0000936 MAT:0000208 MIAA:0000208 OBSOLETE: The mostly slit-like opening on the body surface through which air is taken into the respiratory system. This class was obsoleted as it grouped together disparate classes. For the fish structure, see UBERON:0010019. The arthropod structure will presumably be added to the arthropod anatomy UBERON:0001006 UBERON:0010019 UBERON:FBbt_00005054-MIAA_0000208 open tracheal system spiracle spiracle of open tracheal system spiracular gland true uberon GO:0035277 open tracheal system spiracle ISBN:3110148986 OBSOLETE: The mostly slit-like opening on the body surface through which air is taken into the respiratory system. Wikipedia:Spiracle GO:0035277 spiracle of open tracheal system digestive system AAO:0000129 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. BILA:0000082 BTO:0000058 EFO:0000793 EV:0100056 FBbt:00005055 FMA:7152 GAID:278 MA:0002431 MAT:0000018 MESH:A.03 MIAA:0000018 SCTID:278859004 TADS:0000170 TAO:0000339 UBERON:0001007 UBERON:FBbt_00005055-FMA_7152-MA_0000323-MIAA_0000018-WBbt_0005748-XAO_0000125-ZFA_0000339 WBbt:0005748 XAO:0000125 ZFA:0000339 alimentary system alimentary tract galen:DigestiveSystem gastrointestinal system gut ncithesaurus:Digestive_System note that many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class uberon Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. FB:gg NLM:alimentary+system Wikipedia:Digestive_system, excretory system AAO:0010257 BILA:0000015 BTO:0001244 BTO:0003092 EFO:0000803 EHDAA2:0001601 EHDAA:5901 EMAPA:17366 EV:0100095 FBbt:00005056 FMA:7159 GAID:391 In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here MA:0000325 MAT:0000027 MESH:A.05.810 MIAA:0000027 SCTID:362204003 TADS:0000162 TAO:0000163 The excretory system is the system of an organism that mainly performs the function of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes. It is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by the processes that maintain homeostasis. UBERON:0001008 UBERON:FBbt_00005056-FMA_7159-MIAA_0000027-WBbt_0005736-XAO_0000143-ZFA_0000163 VHOG:0000723 WBbt:0005736 XAO:0000143 ZFA:0000163 galen:UrinaryTract ncithesaurus:Urinary_System renal or urinary system renal system renal/urinary system systema urinaria systema urinarium uberon urinary system urinary tract GO:0001977 renal system EHDAA:5901 renal or urinary system BILA:0000015 The excretory system is the system of an organism that mainly performs the function of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes. It is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by the processes that maintain homeostasis. Wikipedia:Excretory_system BTO:0003092 systema urinarium FMA:7159 systema urinaria circulatory system AAO:0000959 FBbt:00005057 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001009 UBERON:FBbt_00005057-FMA_7161-MA_0000010-MIAA_0000016-XAO_0000100-ZFA_0000010 VHOG:0001248 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg/200px-Circulatory_System_en.svg.png organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. systema cardiovasculare the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system uberon Wikipedia:Circulatory_system organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. Wikipedia:Circulatory_system systema cardiovasculare diaphysis of ulna FMA:33760 SCTID:302520004 UBERON:0001010 body of ulna corpus ulnae shaft of ulna uberon ulnar diaphysis FMA:33760 shaft of ulna FMA:33760 ulnar diaphysis FMA:33760 corpus ulnae FMA:33760 body of ulna hemolymph BTO:0000572 Blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells. FBbt:00005061 GAID:1220 MAT:0000054 MESH:A.13.453 MIAA:0000054 TGMA:0000000 UBERON:0001011 UBERON:FBbt_00005061-MIAA_0000054 haemolymph uberon Blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells. Wikipedia:Hemolymph head of radius FMA:33773 SCTID:181941003 The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament. The deepest point in the fovea is not axi-symmetric with the long axis of the radius, creating a cam effect during pronation and supination[WP]. UBERON:0001012 caput radii galen:HeadOfRadius radial head uberon FMA FMA The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament. The deepest point in the fovea is not axi-symmetric with the long axis of the radius, creating a cam effect during pronation and supination[WP]. Wikipedia:Head_of_radius Wikipedia:Head_of_radius caput radii FMA:33773 radial head adipose tissue AAO:0000001 AEO:000020 BTO:0001487 Dense irregular connective tissue, which predominantly consists of adipocytes. Fat is stored in adipose tissue. EFO:0000234 EFO:0000790 EHDAA2:0003120 EV:0100381 FMA:20110 GAID:920 MA:0000009 MAT:0000015 MESH:A.10.165.114 MIAA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:55603005 TAO:0002134 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001013 UBERON:FBbt_00005065-FMA_20110-MA_0000009-MIAA_0000015-XAO_0003049 VHOG:0001284 XAO:0003049 ZFA:0005345 adipose bodyfat fat fat tissue fatty tissue galen:FattyTissue ncithesaurus:Adipose_Tissue uberon Dense irregular connective tissue, which predominantly consists of adipocytes. Fat is stored in adipose tissue. NLM:adipose+tissue Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue MA:0000009 fat BTO:0001487 bodyfat BTO:0001487 adipose MA fat body UBERON:0001014 UBERON:0003917 UBERON:FBbt_00005066-FMA_58616-MA_0002481-MIAA_0000096-XAO_0003050 fat pad the encapsulated adipose tissue. true uberon MP:0005334 the encapsulated adipose tissue. musculature A subdivision of the muscular system. AAO:0011066 AO notes: In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 FMA:32558 MA:0000165 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000548 UBERON:0001015 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscle system muscles muscles set musculature musculature system musculi ncithesaurus:Muscle set of muscles set of organs set of skeletal muscles uberon FMA:32558 set of muscles A subdivision of the muscular system. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Muscular_system MA:0000165 set of skeletal muscles FMA:32558 FMA:TA musculi nervous system AAO:0000324 BILA:0000079 BTO:0001484 EFO:0000802 EHDAA2:0001246 EHDAA:826 EMAPA:16469 EV:0100162 FBbt:00005093 FMA:7157 GAID:466 MA:0000016 MAT:0000026 MESH:A.08 MIAA:0000026 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_844 Nervensystem OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278196006 TAO:0000396 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001016 UBERON:FBbt_00005093-FMA_7157-MA_0000016-MIAA_0000026-WBbt_0005735-XAO_0000177-ZFA_0000396 VHOG:0000402 WBbt:0005735 XAO:0000177 ZFA:0000396 a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an organism's surroundings and itself[Wikipedia]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png/200px-Nervous_system_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Nervous_System nerve net systema nervosum uberon Wikipedia:Nerve_net nerve net Wikipedia:Nervous_system systema nervosum ISBN:0-14-051288-8 ISBN:3110148986 NLM:nervous+system WB:rynl Wikipedia:Nervous_system ZFIN:curator a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an organism's surroundings and itself[Wikipedia]. BTO:0001484 Nervensystem central nervous system AAO:0000090 BILA:0000080 BTO:0000227 CNS EFO:0000908 EHDAA2:0000225 EHDAA:828 EMAPA:16470 EMAPA:16754 EV:0100163 FBbt:00005094 FMA:55675 GAID:570 MA:0000167 MAT:0000457 MESH:A.08.186 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1099 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278199004 TAO:0000012 The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord[GO]. The part of the nervous system which in vertebrates consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system[XAO]. Neuraxis plus retina[INCF]. UBERON:0001017 UBERON:FBbt_00005094-FMA_55675-MA_0000167-XAO_0000215-ZFA_0000012 VHOG:0000293 XAO:0000215 ZFA:0000012 cerebrospinal axis ncithesaurus:Central_Nervous_System neuraxis systema nervosum centrale uberon FMA:55675 neuraxis FMA:55675 FMA:TA systema nervosum centrale FB:gg ISBN:3110148986 NLM:central+nervous+system The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord[GO]. The part of the nervous system which in vertebrates consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system[XAO]. Neuraxis plus retina[INCF]. Wikipedia:Central_nervous_system ZFIN:curator FMA:55675 cerebrospinal axis axon tract A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt]. EV:0100304 FBbt:00005100 FMA:83847 UBERON:0001018 UBERON:FBbt_00005100-FMA_76739 WP says this is the analog of peripheral nerves in CNS neuraxis tract tract tract of neuraxis uberon FMA:83847 tract of neuraxis FMA:83847 neuraxis tract A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt]. http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html fascicle A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]. BTO:0004101 FBbt:00005101 FMA:12235 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_872 TGMA:0000088 TODO - invert specific? note FBbt class not disjoint from tract. Consider merging with 'neuron projection bundle' UBERON:0001019 UBERON:FBbt_00005101-FMA_76740 fasciculus ncithesaurus:Fascicle nerve bundle nerve fasciculus neural fasciculus uberon FMA:12235 nerve bundle A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]. Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fascicle FMA:12235 nerve fasciculus FMA:12235 neural fasciculus commissure *not* the same as FMA:76741 Commissure FBbt:00005103 FMA:83906 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090513 OpenCyc:Mx4rdBrmE6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw TADS:0000201 UBERON:0001020 UBERON:FBbt_00005103-FMA_76741 White matter fiber bundle that crosses the midline of the brain or spinal cord[NIF]. The transverse connection between two longitudinal parts, e.g. nerves, tracheae. In the context of Drosophila refers to a broad band of axons connecting the same neuropils each side of the brain[FBbt]. commissure of neuraxis ncithesaurus:Commissure neuraxis commissure uberon ISBN:3110148986 White matter fiber bundle that crosses the midline of the brain or spinal cord[NIF]. The transverse connection between two longitudinal parts, e.g. nerves, tracheae. In the context of Drosophila refers to a broad band of axons connecting the same neuropils each side of the brain[FBbt]. Wikipedia:Commissure http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html FMA:83906 neuraxis commissure FMA:83906 commissure of neuraxis nerve AAO:0011070 AEO:0000137 BTO:0000925 EHDAA2:0003137 EHDAA:2851 EHDAA:3776 EHDAA:4657 EV:0100162 FBbt:00005105 FMA:65132 GAID:758 MA:0000217 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:256864008 TAO:0007009 UBERON:0001021 UBERON:FBbt_00005099-FMA_5914 UBERON:FBbt_00005105-FMA_65132-MA_0000217-XAO_0003047-ZFA_0007009 XAO:0003047 ZFA:0007009 an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons [wikipedia]. A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons[ZFA]. Segment of neural tree organ which has as its parts a nerve trunk and its branches; together with other nerves of the same tree it constitutes a neural tree. Examples: chorda tympani, digastric branch of facial nerve, greater petrosal nerve, posterior cutaneous branch of posterior ramus of cervical nerve, superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm[FMA]. check nerve vs peripheral nerve vs tract. Check isa hierarchy - we include under neural tissue as well as neuron projection bundle for now. FMA also has this under organ segment galen:Nerve ncithesaurus:Nerve neural subtree uberon FMA:65132 Wikipedia:Nervous_system ZFA:0007009 ZFIN:curator an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons [wikipedia]. A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons[ZFA]. Segment of neural tree organ which has as its parts a nerve trunk and its branches; together with other nerves of the same tree it constitutes a neural tree. Examples: chorda tympani, digastric branch of facial nerve, greater petrosal nerve, posterior cutaneous branch of posterior ramus of cervical nerve, superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm[FMA]. EHDAA2 FMA:65132 neural subtree FBbt cell body Cell component which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus.[FMA] FBbt:00005107 FMA:67301 GO:0043025 NIF_Subcellular:sao1044911821 TODO - use GO UBERON:0001022 UBERON:FBbt_00005107-FMA_67301 cell soma soma uberon Cell component which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Cell_body http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html dendrite FBbt:00005110 FMA:67314 GAID:749 GO:0030425 MESH:A.08.663.256 NIF_Subcellular:sao1211023249 OpenCyc:Mx4rviIdspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0001373 TODO - use GO The region of a neuron receiving inputs from other neurons, typically a slender neurite, often branched. In insect neurons, this is often not a clear designation and often presynaptic sites co-extend with postsynaptic ones. UBERON:0001023 UBERON:FBbt_00005110-FMA_67314 ncithesaurus:Dendrite uberon The region of a neuron receiving inputs from other neurons, typically a slender neurite, often branched. In insect neurons, this is often not a clear designation and often presynaptic sites co-extend with postsynaptic ones. Wikipedia:Dendrite http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html neurite FBbt:00005113 FMA:61814 GAID:751 GO:0043005 MESH:A.08.663.256.500 NIF_Subcellular:sao-867568886 One of the processes or extensions of a neuron, axon or dendrite or cell body fiber. // Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite. TODO - use GO UBERON:0001024 UBERON:FBbt_00005113-FMA_61814 uberon One of the processes or extensions of a neuron, axon or dendrite or cell body fiber. // Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite. Wikipedia:Neurite http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html synapse FBbt:00005114 FMA:67408 GAID:766 GO:0045202 MESH:A.08.850 NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699 SCTID:362298009 TODO - use GO The structural contact that is the site of transmission between neurons, identified by a presynaptic ribbon and synaptic vesicles as the input element and one or (usually) more postsynaptic elements with various specializations (membrane densities, cisternae, etc.). UBERON:0001025 UBERON:FBbt_00005114-FMA_67408 ncithesaurus:Synapse synaptic junction uberon The structural contact that is the site of transmission between neurons, identified by a presynaptic ribbon and synaptic vesicles as the input element and one or (usually) more postsynaptic elements with various specializations (membrane densities, cisternae, etc.). Wikipedia:Synapse http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html motor nerve General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic efferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. A motor nerve is an efferent nerve that exclusively contains the axons of somatic and branchial motoneurons, which innervate skeletal muscles (that ensure locomotion) and branchial muscles (that motorize the face and neck)[WP]. UBERON:0001026 UBERON:FBbt_00005135-FMA_5867 efferent nerve nervus motorius true uberon General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic efferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. A motor nerve is an efferent nerve that exclusively contains the axons of somatic and branchial motoneurons, which innervate skeletal muscles (that ensure locomotion) and branchial muscles (that motorize the face and neck)[WP]. Wikipedia:Motor_nerve sensory nerve AEO:0000201 EHDAA2:0003200 FBbt:00005136 FMA:5868 General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic afferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. nerves that receive sensory stimuli made up of nerve fibers, called sensory fibers (mechanoreceptor fibers sense body movement and pressure placed against the body, and nociceptor fibers sense tissue injury)[WP]. OpenCyc:Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001027 UBERON:FBbt_00005136-FMA_5868 afferent nerve nervus sensorius nervus sensorius uberon Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve nervus sensorius General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic afferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. nerves that receive sensory stimuli made up of nerve fibers, called sensory fibers (mechanoreceptor fibers sense body movement and pressure placed against the body, and nociceptor fibers sense tissue injury)[WP]. Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve diaphysis of radius FMA:33782 SCTID:302518002 UBERON:0001028 body of radius corpus radii radial diaphysis shaft of radius uberon FMA:33782 body of radius FMA:33782 radial diaphysis FMA:33782 corpus radii FMA:33782 shaft of radius neuromuscular junction . FBbt:00005142 FMA:61803 GAID:809 GO:0031594 MESH:A.08.800.550.550.550 NIF_Subcellular:sao1124888485 TODO - use GO UBERON:0001029 UBERON:FBbt_00005142-FMA_61803 myoneural junction synapsis neuromuscularis; junctio neuromuscularis uberon Wikipedia:Neuromuscular_junction synapsis neuromuscularis; junctio neuromuscularis . Wikipedia:Neuromuscular_junction synaptic ribbon FBbt:00005143 FMA:67107 NIF_Subcellular:sao1884931180 TODO - use GO UBERON:0001030 UBERON:FBbt_00005143-FMA_67107 ribbon synapse uberon neurilemma BTO:0003048 FBbt:00005151 FMA def is 'Neural tissue which consists of Schwann cells' which does not fit, but we still use 'neural tissue' here. WP def specifically states Schwann cells, which would restrict it to PNS FMA:62976 GAID:730 MESH:A.08.561.600 Schwann's membrane UBERON:0001031 UBERON:FBbt_00005151-FMA_62976 endoneural membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gray631.png/200px-Gray631.png ncithesaurus:Sheath_of_Schwann neurolemma sheath of Schwann thin membranous sheath around a nerve fiber[TFD]. uberon BTO:0003048 Schwann's membrane BTO:0003048 endoneural membrane Wikipedia:Neurilemma http://www.thefreedictionary.com/neurolemma thin membranous sheath around a nerve fiber[TFD]. sensory system AAO:0000555 Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. BILA:0000099 EFO:0000805 EHDAA2:0003094 EMAPA:16192 FBbt:00005827 FMA:75259 MA:0002442 MAT:0000031 MESH:A.09 MIAA:0000031 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090816 TAO:0000282 UBERON:0001032 UBERON:FBbt_00005155-FMA_78499-MA_0002442-MIAA_0000031-WBbt_0005832-ZFA_0000282 XAO:0003194 ZFA:0000282 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray722.png/200px-Gray722.png note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs organa sensuum organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory organ system sensory subsystem uberon FMA:75259 FMA:TA organa sensuum FMA:75259 sense organs FMA:75259 sense organs set Wikipedia:Sensory_system organa sensuum Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. Wikipedia:Sensory_system gustatory system A subset of the sensory system for the sensing of taste. AAO:0010577 BILA:0000143 EFO:0000830 FMA:7194 MA:0002446 MAT:0000275 MIAA:0000275 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090803 SCTID:423940004 TAO:0001101 UBERON:0001033 UBERON:FBbt_00005159-FMA_7194-MA_0002446-MIAA_0000275-ZFA_0001101 XAO:0003197 ZFA:0001101 gustatory organ system in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes taste system uberon A subset of the sensory system for the sensing of taste. Wikipedia:Gustatory_system photoreceptor BTO:0001060 Can refer to a light sensitive organ, a photoreceptor cell or a photoreceptor protein. This class was made obsolete because it was ambiguous UBERON:0001034 UBERON:FBbt_00005162-FMA_85613 true uberon Can refer to a light sensitive organ, a photoreceptor cell or a photoreceptor protein. This class was made obsolete because it was ambiguous Wikipedia:Photoreceptor dento-alveolar joint FMA:7495 Fibrous joint in which the periodontal ligament connects a tooth to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible. Examples: Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth.[FMA] MA:0001499 OpenCyc:Mx4rveAQeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001035 UBERON:FBbt_00005172-FMA_7495-MA_0001499 dento-alveolar syndesmosis gomphosis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gray1003.png/200px-Gray1003.png peg-and-socket joint socket syndesmosis dentoalveolaris uberon FMA MA:0001499 gomphosis FMA:FMA Fibrous joint in which the periodontal ligament connects a tooth to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible. Examples: Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth.[FMA] Wikipedia:Gomphosis FMA:7495 socket FMA:7495 peg-and-socket joint FMA:7495 dento-alveolar syndesmosis FMA:7495 FMA:TA syndesmosis dentoalveolaris MA strand of hair A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP]. BTO:0001501 EFO:0000958 EMAPA:18769 EV:0100157 FMA:53667 GAID:71 MA:0000155 MAT:0000160 MESH:A.17.360 MIAA:0000160 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA-Mp88EdaAAACgycbRww SCTID:361702001 UBERON:0001037 UBERON:FBbt_00005182-FMA_53667-MA_0000155-MIAA_0000160 VHOG:0001191 coat hair coat/ hair fur hair microchaeta ncithesaurus:Hair quill setulae this class defines an individual hair. todo - consider fur / coat of fur, which has_part hair. TODO: for now we treat vibrissa/whisker as a syonym, but these have different follicles. We could introduce subclasses (see also: Pangolin scales) uberon unguis vibrissa whisker FMA Wikipedia:Hair unguis A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP]. Wikipedia:Hair quill vibrissa whisker FMA chordotonal organ Chordotonal organs are arthropod sensory structures consisting of special sensilla called the scolopidia, which are mechano-transducers and respond mainly to stretch or flexion. In insects, they consist of bundles of internal sensilla, each of which has a cap cell, an enveloping cell and one or more sense cells. The distal end of the organ is usually attached to the cuticle of the body wall, marked by a pit, a thickened disc or a nodule of chitin, and the base of the organ is connected with the hypodermis, often by a special ligament. EFO:0000940 FBbt:00005215 MAT:0000209 MIAA:0000209 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001038 UBERON:FBbt_00005215-MIAA_0000209 ch scolopophorous organ uberon Chordotonal organs are arthropod sensory structures consisting of special sensilla called the scolopidia, which are mechano-transducers and respond mainly to stretch or flexion. In insects, they consist of bundles of internal sensilla, each of which has a cap cell, an enveloping cell and one or more sense cells. The distal end of the organ is usually attached to the cuticle of the body wall, marked by a pit, a thickened disc or a nodule of chitin, and the base of the organ is connected with the hypodermis, often by a special ligament. FB:FBrf0056378 Wikipedia:Chordotonal_organ yolk sac BTO:0001471 EFO:0003078 EHDAA2:0002212 EHDAA:164 EMAPA:16085 FMA:87180 GAID:1301 MESH:A.16.254.403.981 Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes. SCTID:362845002 Taxon notes: In therians, a structure homologous to the yolk sac is is present, but contains no yolk platelets. Instead it is filled with fluid [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong"] UBERON:0001040 UBERON:FBbt_00005376-FMA_87180 VHOG:0000830 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gray22.png/200px-Gray22.png ncithesaurus:Yolk_Sac uberon vesicula umbilicalis; saccus vitellinus Wikipedia:Yolk_sac vesicula umbilicalis; saccus vitellinus ISBN10:0073040584 Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes. Wikipedia:Yolk_sac ISBN10:0073040584 foregut AAO:0011042 Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. An anterior part of the alimentary canal derived from the ectoderm[WP]. BILA:0000085 BTO:0000507 EHDAA2:0000557 EHDAA:520 EMAPA:16548 Editor notes: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates, but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class. AO Notes: in FMA this class has no children. FBbt:00005379 FMA:45616 MA:0001526 SCTID:361409009 TGMA:0001014 UBERON:0001041 UBERON:FBbt_00005379-FMA_45616-MA_0001526-XAO_0000232 VHOG:0000285 XAO:0000232 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray27.png/200px-Gray27.png ncithesaurus:Foregut praeenteron; proenteron uberon Wikipedia:Foregut praeenteron; proenteron Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. An anterior part of the alimentary canal derived from the ectoderm[WP]. Wikipedia:Foregut chordate pharynx AAO:0000967 BTO:0001049 EFO:0000836 EHDAA2:0001458 EHDAA:2947 EMAPA:16706 EMAPA:18838 EV:0100065 FMA:46688 Funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the esophagus, and air to the larynyx and lungs. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH]. Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA]. GAID:155 MA:0000432 MESH:A.03.867 Note that MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we follow their lead here OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000056 UBERON:0001042 UBERON:FBbt_00005380-FMA_46688-MA_0000432-MIAA_0000049-WBbt_0003681-ZFA_0000056 VHOG:0000462 XAO:0003227 ZFA:0000056 galen:Pharynx ncithesaurus:Pharynx pharynx uberon FMA:46688 pharynx EHDAA2 Funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the esophagus, and air to the larynyx and lungs. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH]. Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Pharynx esophagus AAO:0000145 ANISEED:1235301 BTO:0000959 EFO:0000835 EHDAA2:0001285 EHDAA:2937 EMAPA:16833 EMAPA:18860 EV:0100069 FMA:7131 GAID:291 MA:0000352 MAT:0000048 MESH:A.03.365 MIAA:0000048 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181245004 TAO:0000204 Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). UBERON:0001043 UBERON:FBbt_00005381-FMA_7131-MA_0000352-MIAA_0000048-XAO_0000127-ZFA_0000204 VHOG:0000450 XAO:0000127 ZFA:0000204 esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995) galen:Esophagus gullet ncithesaurus:Esophagus oesophagus uberon œsophagus Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). Wikipedia:Esophagus http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/inter/oesophagus/ Wikipedia:Esophagus œsophagus salivary gland BTO:0001203 EFO:0000859 EHDAA2:0001775 EHDAA:7987 EMAPA:17751 EV:0100059 FBbt:00005382 FMA:9597 GAID:937 MA:0000346 MAT:0000079 MESH:A.10.336.779 MIAA:0000079 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181236000 UBERON:0001044 UBERON:FBbt_00005382-FMA_9597-MA_0000346-MIAA_0000079 VHOG:0000376 currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals.[3] The salivary glands of some species, however, are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands galen:SalivaryGland glandulae salivariae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg ncithesaurus:Salivary_Gland saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research[WP]. uberon GO:0007431 Wikipedia:Salivary_gland saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research[WP]. Wikipedia:Salivary_gland glandulae salivariae midgut BILA:0000086 BTO:0000863 EFO:0001950 EHDAA2:0001185 EHDAA:983 EMAPA:16255 Editor notes: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates, but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class. AO Notes: in FMA this class has no children. FBbt:00005383 FMA:45617 MA:0001564 Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon. That part of the alimentary canal which lies between the gizzard and the hind intestine. SCTID:361410004 TGMA:0001036 UBERON:0001045 UBERON:FBbt_00005383-FMA_45617-MA_0001564-XAO_0000103 VHOG:0000290 XAO:0000103 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg/200px-Illu_small_intestine.jpg mesenteron ncithesaurus:Midgut uberon Wikipedia:Midgut mesenteron GO:0007494 Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon. That part of the alimentary canal which lies between the gizzard and the hind intestine. Wikipedia:Midgut hindgut AAO:0011052 BILA:0000087 BTO:0000510 EHDAA2:0000779 EHDAA:975 EMAPA:16715 Editor notes: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates, but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - UBERONREF:0000002). We may explicitly make this a developmental class. AO Notes: in FMA this class has no children. FBbt:00005384 FMA:45618 MA:0001527 Posterior subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. SCTID:362856002 TGMA:0001020 UBERON:0001046 UBERON:FBbt_00005384-FMA_45618-MA_0001527-XAO_0000104 VHOG:0000459 XAO:0000104 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray472.png/200px-Gray472.png metenteron ncithesaurus:Hindgut uberon Posterior subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. Wikipedia:Hindgut Wikipedia:Hindgut metenteron Wikipedia neural glomerulus FBbt:00005386 NIF_Subcellular:sao587858733 Roundish subunit structure of synaptic neuropil, often ensheathed by glial lamellae and reflecting the terminal arborization domain(s) of one or more neurons[FBbt]. Large synaptic bouton found in areas like olfactory bulb, cerebellar cortex and thalamus, that contacts many post-synaptic targets[NIF]. UBERON:0001047 UBERON:FBbt_00005386 glomerulus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1130.svg/200px-Gray1130.svg.png isa or partof neuropil? TODO. Add to GO? uberon Roundish subunit structure of synaptic neuropil, often ensheathed by glial lamellae and reflecting the terminal arborization domain(s) of one or more neurons[FBbt]. Large synaptic bouton found in areas like olfactory bulb, cerebellar cortex and thalamus, that contacts many post-synaptic targets[NIF]. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/glomerulus_sw_512x512.jpg http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html primordium AEO:0000171 BTO:0001886 EFO:0001652 EHDAA2:0003171 FBbt:00005495 FMA:86589 MAT:0000482 Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt]. An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001048 UBERON:FBbt_00005495-FMA_86589-XAO_0003043 XAO:0003043 bud ncithesaurus:Primordium placode rudiment uberon BTO:0001886 FB:DJS FB:FBrf0089570 FB:FBrf0178740 Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt]. An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ. Wikipedia:Primordium EHDAA2 FBbt:00005495 placode neural tube AAO:0010617 BTO:0001057 EHDAA2:0001254 EHDAA:2869 EHDAA:908 EMAPA:16164 EMAPA:16530 EMAPA:16757 In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. MAT:0000069 MIAA:0000069 SCTID:362852000 TAO:0001135 The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium[GO:0021915] UBERON:0001049 UBERON:FBbt_00005554-MIAA_0000069-ZFA_0001135 VHOG:0000307 XAO:0003204 ZFA:0001135 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png ncithesaurus:Neural_Tube presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis uberon GO Wikipedia:Neural_tube tubus neuralis In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Neural_tube definitional atrium Anatomical chamber. Examples: right atrium of heart, atrium of middle nasal meatus, atrium of tympanic cavity, atrium of alveolus. UBERON:0001050 UBERON:0002081 UBERON:FBbt_00005615-FMA_85574-ZFA_0000471 obsoleted because 'atrium' as a general grouping class that encompasses the cardiac atrium and atrium of alveolus atrium is of questionable value. Furthermore, the use of the term 'atrium' in the generic sense is misleading, as this is commonly used to refer specifically to the cardiac atrium true uberon Anatomical chamber. Examples: right atrium of heart, atrium of middle nasal meatus, atrium of tympanic cavity, atrium of alveolus. FMA:85574 hypopharynx BTO:0001740 Bottom part of the pharynx, and is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus. EFO:0001388 EHDAA2:0004574 EV:0100068 FMA:54880 GAID:338 MA:0001796 MESH:A.03.867.490 OpenCyc:Mx4rvq5O0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:281490009 UBERON:0001051 UBERON:FBbt_00005751-FMA_54880-MA_0001796 VHOG:0000445 laryngeal pharynx laryngopharynx ncithesaurus:Hypopharynx pars laryngea pharyngis uberon FMA:54877 laryngeal pharynx Wikipedia:Hypopharynx pars laryngea pharyngis FMA:54877 laryngopharynx Bottom part of the pharynx, and is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus. Wikipedia:Hypopharynx BTO:0001740 pars laryngea pharyngis rectum AAO:0010401 BTO:0001158 EFO:0000848 EHDAA2:0001592 EHDAA:5836 EMAPA:17896 EMAPA:18925 EV:0100081 FMA:14544 GAID:311 MA:0000336 MAT:0000050 MESH:A.03.492.411.495.767 MIAA:0000050 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181261002 Taxon notes: In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html UBERON:0001052 UBERON:FBbt_00005756-FMA_14544-MA_0000336-MIAA_0000050-WBbt_0005773-XAO_0000238 VHOG:0000427 WBbt:0005773 XAO:0000238 galen:Rectum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Anorectum.gif/200px-Anorectum.gif intestinum rectum ncithesaurus:Rectum rectal sac the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus[WP]. uberon MA BTO:0001158 Wikipedia:Rectum the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus[WP]. BTO:0001158 intestinum rectum Wikipedia FMA FMA neurohemal organ BTO:0002106 EFO:0000864 FBbt:00005757 MAT:0000212 MIAA:0000212 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001053 UBERON:FBbt_00005757-MIAA_0000212 neurohaemal organ uberon Malpighian tubule BTO:0000810 EFO:0000243 Editor note: this will be ceded to the Arthropod Anatomy Ontology FBbt:00001896 FBbt:00005786 GAID:1228 MAT:0000123 MESH:A.13.574 MIAA:0000123 Malphigian tube SCTID:41055008 TADS:0000163 TGMA:0001038 The most important structure of the insect's excretory organ, which may comprise cystiform or labyrinthine highly versatile tubules having their outlet into the inital section of the rectum[FBbt]. Any of a group of long blind vessels opening into the posterior part of the alimentary canal in most insects and some other arthropods and functioning primarily as excretory organs[BTO]. UBERON:0001054 UBERON:FBbt_00005786-MIAA_0000123 tuba Malpighii uberon BTO:0000810 Malphigian tube ISBN:3110148986 The most important structure of the insect's excretory organ, which may comprise cystiform or labyrinthine highly versatile tubules having their outlet into the inital section of the rectum[FBbt]. Any of a group of long blind vessels opening into the posterior part of the alimentary canal in most insects and some other arthropods and functioning primarily as excretory organs[BTO]. Wikipedia:Malpighian_tubule GO BTO:0000810 tuba Malpighii ureter UBERON:0000056 UBERON:0000057 UBERON:0001055 UBERON:FBbt_00005793-FMA_19667-FMA_9704-MA_0000378-MA_0000379-MIAA_0000120-MIAA_0000121-WBbt_0004540-WBbt_0005777-XAO_0000144-XAO_0000153 the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder. true uberon MP:0000534 the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder. corpus cardiacum BTO:0000432 EFO:0000380 FBbt:00005799 MAT:0000211 MIAA:0000211 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001056 UBERON:FBbt_00005799-MIAA_0000211 corpora cardiaca uberon BTO:0000432 corpora cardiaca corpus allatum A neurosecretory organ forming part of the retrocerebral complex. BTO:0000291 EFO:0000379 FBbt:00005800 MAT:0000210 MESH:A.08.713.100 MIAA:0000210 UBERON:0001057 UBERON:FBbt_00005800-MIAA_0000210 corpora allata todo - move to arthropod ontology uberon A neurosecretory organ forming part of the retrocerebral complex. http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html BTO:0000291 corpora allata mushroom body BTO:0002675 EFO:0000925 FBbt:00005801 GAID:1231 MAT:0000336 MESH:A.13.641 MIAA:0000336 Paired neuropils, thought to be crucial to olfactory associative learning and memory. Mushroom body neuropils are divided into calyces, pedunculus, and its subsequent lobes. In Drosophila these are the alpha, beta, and gamma lobes. Taxon notes: Also in annelids. "Comparison to the verte- brate pallium reveals that the annelid mushroom bodies develop from similar molecular coordinates within a conserved overall molecular brain topology and that their development involves conserved patterning mechanisms and produces conserved neuron types that existed already in the proto- stome-deuterostome ancestors. These data indicate deep homology of pallium and mushroom bodies and date back the origin of higher brain centers to prebilaterian times" [PMID:20813265] UBERON:0001058 UBERON:FBbt_00005801-MIAA_0000336 uberon Paired neuropils, thought to be crucial to olfactory associative learning and memory. Mushroom body neuropils are divided into calyces, pedunculus, and its subsequent lobes. In Drosophila these are the alpha, beta, and gamma lobes. Wikipedia:Mushroom_body http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html pars intercerebralis EFO:0000926 FBbt:00005802 MAT:0000337 MIAA:0000337 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001059 UBERON:FBbt_00005802-MIAA_0000337 a neurosecretory center of the insect brain, located along the anterior midline[wiktionary]. A medial cleft or depression dividing the left and right protocerebrum and containing numerous large and small somata of neurosecretory and neuromodulatory neurons[FBbt]. uberon a neurosecretory center of the insect brain, located along the anterior midline[wiktionary]. A medial cleft or depression dividing the left and right protocerebrum and containing numerous large and small somata of neurosecretory and neuromodulatory neurons[FBbt]. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pars_intercerebralis http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html anatomical entity AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt_root:00000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_6 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UBERON:0001062 UBERON:FBbt_root_00000000-FMA_62955 ZFA:0100000 uberon Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:MAH FMA:62955 flocculus ABA:FL AO Notes: flocculus is an exact label for two distinct classes in NIF. Function notes: At its base, the flocculus receives input from the middle ears vestibular system and regulates balance. Many floccular projections descend to the spinal cord and connect to the motor nuclei involved in control of eye movement.[WP]. Taxon notes: enlarged in pterosaurs[PMID:14586467] FMA:83881 MA:0000992 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1329 SCTID:30711003 UBERON:0001063 UBERON:Flocculus-MA_0000992 a small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule[WP]. hemispheric lobule X uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081213 hemispheric lobule X Wikipedia:Flocculus_(cerebellar) a small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule[WP]. ventral pancreatic duct BTO:0002362 Development notes: Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct.[WP] EHDAA2:0001396 EHDAA:6905 EMAPA:18821 FMA:16003 GAID:337 MA:0000126 MESH:A.03.734.667 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 SCTID:245385001 UBERON:0001064 UBERON:0005627 UBERON:FMA_10419-MA_0000124-ZFA_0001372 VHOG:0000256 a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. canal of Wirsung chief pancreatic duct duct of Wirsung hepaticopancreatic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1100.png/200px-Gray1100.png main pancreatic duct ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Duct pancreatic duct uberon MA:0000126 main pancreatic duct Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. MESH:A.03.734.667 pancreatic duct BTO:0002362 canal of Wirsung BTO:0002362 hepaticopancreatic duct EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct duct of Wirsung FMA FMA:16003 chief pancreatic duct parotid duct BTO:0004554 FMA:10420 MA:0002697 SCTID:362175009 Stensen's duct Stensens's duct The parotid duct, also known as Stensen's duct, is the route that saliva takes from the parotid gland into the mouth. It passes through the buccal fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator muscle then opens into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents inflation of the duct during blowing. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001065 UBERON:FMA_10420-MA_0002697 duct of parotid duct of parotid gland ductus parotideus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gray1023.png/200px-Gray1023.png ncithesaurus:Parotid_Duct parotid gland duct stenon duct uberon Wikipedia:Parotid_duct ductus parotideus OBOL:automatic parotid gland duct OBOL:automatic duct of parotid The parotid duct, also known as Stensen's duct, is the route that saliva takes from the parotid gland into the mouth. It passes through the buccal fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator muscle then opens into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents inflation of the duct during blowing. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Parotid_duct intervertebral disk A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core. BTO:0003625 EFO:0001370 FMA:10446 GAID:105 MA:0000110 MESH:A.02.165.410 OpenCyc:Mx4rv11AcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244570000 Taxon/Terminology notes: strictly speaking the term intervertebral disk [applies to intervertebral cartilage] whose gel-like core is nucleus puloposus, by this definition only in mammals UBERON:0001066 UBERON:FMA_10446-MA_0000110 discus intervertebralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray301.png/200px-Gray301.png intervertebral disc intervertebral fibrocartilage ncithesaurus:Intervertebral_Disc spinal disc spinal disk uberon A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core. ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Intervertebral_disk BTO:0003625 intervertebral fibrocartilage BTO:0003625 spinal disk Wikipedia:Spinal_disc spinal disc FMA:10446 FMA:TA discus intervertebralis vertebral arch joint FMA:10447 GAID:275 MA:0001513 MESH:A.02.835.583.979 OpenCyc:Mx4rvorHEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:89836005 UBERON:0001067 UBERON:FMA_10447-MA_0001513 a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP]. articulationes zygapophysiales facet joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray90.png/200px-Gray90.png joint of vertebral arch joint of vertebral articular process ncithesaurus:Facet_Joint spinal facet joint uberon zygapophyseal joint zygapophysial joint Wikipedia:Zygapophysial_joint articulationes zygapophysiales Wikipedia:Zygapophysial_joint a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP]. HP:0008482 spinal facet joint skin of back A zone of skin that is part of a back [Obol]. FMA:10462 FMA:22985 MA:0000498 SCTID:181492002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001068 UBERON:FMA_10462-MA_0000498 back skin back zone of skin uberon zone of skin of back OBOL:automatic zone of skin of back OBOL:automatic back zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic head of pancreas EHDAA2:0001374 EMAPA:17507 EMAPA:18820 FMA:10468 MA:0000122 SCTID:362201006 The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001069 UBERON:FMA_10468-MA_0000122 VHOG:0000448 caput pancreatis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg/200px-Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Pancreas pancreas head pancreatic head right extremity of pancreas uberon The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Head_of_pancreas EHDAA2-inferred WP Wikipedia:Head_of_pancreas caput pancreatis external carotid artery AAO:0010416 BTO:0004696 EFO:0001953 EHDAA2:0000461 EMAPA:18611 FMA:10635 GAID:480 In human anatomy, the external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it bifurcates into the external and internal carotid artery. MA:0001929 MESH:A.07.231.114.186.200.210 OpenCyc:Mx4rwVJkPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362044002 Taxon notes: not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO UBERON:0001070 UBERON:FMA_10635-MA_0001929-XAO_0000345-ZFA_0005022 VHOG:0000265 XAO:0000345 arteria carotis externa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/External_carotid_a.gif/200px-External_carotid_a.gif ncithesaurus:External_Carotid_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it bifurcates into the external and internal carotid artery. Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486863&group_id=76834&atid=1127722 MA EHDAA2 FMA Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery arteria carotis externa FMA superficial cervical artery . FMA:10665 MA:0002052 SCTID:161746006 The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP] UBERON:0001071 UBERON:FMA_10665-MA_0002052 ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Artery uberon . Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_artery inferior vena cava AAO:0011083 BTO:0002682 EHDAA2:0000611 EMAPA:18416 FMA:10951 GAID:548 MA:0000480 MESH:A.07.231.908.949.648 SCTID:181369003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium. UBERON:0001072 UBERON:FMA_10951-MA_0000480-XAO_0000388 VHOG:0001194 XAO:0000388 galen:InferiorVenaCava http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray577.png/200px-Gray577.png ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vena_Cava posterior vena cava uberon vena cava inferior Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava vena cava inferior BTO:0002682 vena cava inferior Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium. Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava ileocecal junction FMA:11338 MA:0000332 SCTID:264021000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001073 UBERON:FMA_11338-MA_0000332 ileocaecal junction uberon pericardial cavity Cavity of serous sac surrounded by serous pericardium.[FMA] EHDAA2:0001434 EMAPA:18447 EMAPA:18448 FMA:11350 MA:0000053 SCTID:362027001 TAO:0002220 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001074 UBERON:FMA_11350-MA_0000053 VHOG:0000556 ZFA:0001655 cavitas pericardiaca cavity of pericardial sac http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png ncithesaurus:Pericardial_Cavity uberon Cavity of serous sac surrounded by serous pericardium.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity Wikipedia Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity cavitas pericardiaca body of vertebra AAO:0000697 AO notes: VSAO definition states it surrounds notochord but not applicable to post-natal. Editor notes: vertebra classes required generalization for cartilage columns // todo - add subclasses: acoelus, amphicoelus, procoelus, opsithocoelus, heterocoelus; pleurocentrum, intercentrum; todo: add developmental relationships FMA:11945 MA:0001457 OpenCyc:Mx4rvXU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361745008 SCTID:362867001 TAO:0000126 The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. Its upper and lower surfaces are flattened and rough, and give attachment to the intervertebral fibrocartilages, and each presents a rim around its circumference. In front, the body is convex from side to side and concave from above downward. Behind, it is flat from above downward and slightly concave from side to side. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels. On the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001075 UBERON:FMA_11945-MA_0001457 VSAO:0000183 ZFA:0000126 autocentrum centrum centrum of vertebra corpus vertebrae corpus vertebrae (vertebrale) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Corpusvertebrae.png/200px-Corpusvertebrae.png ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Body uberon vertebral body vertebral centrum MA:0001457 vertebral centrum VSAO FMA:11945 corpus vertebrae (vertebrale) Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra corpus vertebrae MA ZFA:0000126 autocentrum Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra corpus vertebrae FMA:11945 vertebral body The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. Its upper and lower surfaces are flattened and rough, and give attachment to the intervertebral fibrocartilages, and each presents a rim around its circumference. In front, the body is convex from side to side and concave from above downward. Behind, it is flat from above downward and slightly concave from side to side. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels. On the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra spinous process of vertebra AAO:0000705 AAO:0000739 EMAPA:25107 Editor notes: todo - reconcile AAO def: "Small, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina; it is not a neural spine." [AAO:0000739] FMA:11948 MA:0001455 SCTID:264259004 TAO:0001336 The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. In animals without an erect stance, the process points upward and may slant forward or backward. Spinous processes are exaggerated in some animals, such as the extinct Dimetrodon and Spinosaurus, where they form a sail- or finback. UBERON:0001076 UBERON:FMA_11948-MA_0001455 ZFA:0001336 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Processusspinosusvertebrae.png/200px-Processusspinosusvertebrae.png neural spine processus spinosus processus spinosus vertebrae uberon vertebra spinous process The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. In animals without an erect stance, the process points upward and may slant forward or backward. Spinous processes are exaggerated in some animals, such as the extinct Dimetrodon and Spinosaurus, where they form a sail- or finback. Wikipedia:Spinous_process transverse process of vertebra FMA:11949 MA:0001456 SCTID:264238006 The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001077 UBERON:FMA_11949-MA_0001456 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Processustransversusvertebrae.PNG/200px-Processustransversusvertebrae.PNG processus transversus processus transversus vertebrae transverse process uberon vertebra transverse process The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Transverse_process pedicle of vertebra FMA:11950 MA:0001458 OpenCyc:Mx4rvYdjdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:277422007 The pedicles are two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. They connect the body of the spinal vertebra to the arch. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001078 UBERON:FMA_11950-MA_0001458 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pediculusarcusvertebrae.png/200px-Pediculusarcusvertebrae.png ncithesaurus:Pedicle_of_Vertebral_Arch pedicle pedicle of vertebral arch pediculus arcus vertebrae pediculus arcus vertebrae, radix arcus vertebrae uberon vertebral pedicle FMA:11950 pedicle of vertebral arch Wikipedia:Pedicle_of_vertebral_arch pediculus arcus vertebrae, radix arcus vertebrae FMA:11950 vertebral pedicle FMA:TA pediculus arcus vertebrae The pedicles are two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. They connect the body of the spinal vertebra to the arch. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pedicle_of_vertebral_arch superior articular process of vertebra AAO:0000703 FMA:11953 MA:0001452 Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra. SCTID:42424006 TAO:0001325 TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural? UBERON:0001079 UBERON:FMA_11953-MA_0001452 ZFA:0001325 cranial articular process of vertebra http://www.informatics.jax.org/cookbook/figures/figure20.shtml neural prezygapophysis neural prezygopophyses prezygapophysis processus articularis superior uberon vertebra cranial articular process ZFA:0001325 neural prezygopophyses AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008 Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra. ZFA:0001325 neural prezygapophysis inferior articular process of vertebra AAO:0000702 FMA:11954 MA:0001451 Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra. SCTID:30079000 TAO:0000681 TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural? UBERON:0001080 UBERON:FMA_11954-MA_0001451 ZFA:0000681 caudal articular process of vertebra neural postzygapophysis neural postzygopophysis postzygapophysis processus articularis inferior processus obliquus posterior uberon vertebra caudal articular process AAO:LAP Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra. ZFA:0000681 neural postzygapophysis ZFA:0000681 neural postzygopophysis AAO:0000702 processus obliquus posterior endocardium of ventricle Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. FMA:12148 MA:0000079 SCTID:192172004 TAO:0002247 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001081 UBERON:FMA_12148-MA_0000079-ZFA_0001615 VHOG:0000607 ZFA:0001615 cardiac ventricle endocardium endocardium of cardiac ventricle endocardium of heart ventricle endocardium of lower chamber of heart endocardium of ventricle of heart heart ventricle endocardium lower chamber of heart endocardium uberon ventricle endocardium ventricle of heart endocardium ventricular endocardium OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart endocardium OBOL:automatic endocardium of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic endocardium of lower chamber of heart Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. ZFIN:curator OBOL:automatic endocardium of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle endocardium OBOL:automatic endocardium of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic heart ventricle endocardium OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart endocardium epicardium of ventricle FMA:12150 TAO:0005058 The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010912-30'>Hu et al. 2001.</a>. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001082 UBERON:FMA_12150-ZFA_0005058 ZFA:0005058 cardiac ventricle epicardium cardiac ventricle heart epicardium cardiac ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart epicardium of cardiac ventricle epicardium of heart ventricle epicardium of lower chamber of heart epicardium of ventricle of heart heart epicardium of cardiac ventricle heart epicardium of heart ventricle heart epicardium of lower chamber of heart heart epicardium of ventricle of heart heart ventricle epicardium heart ventricle heart epicardium heart ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart lower chamber of heart epicardium lower chamber of heart heart epicardium lower chamber of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart uberon ventricle of heart epicardium ventricle of heart heart epicardium ventricle of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart ventricular epicardium visceral serous pericardium of heart of cardiac ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart of heart ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart of lower chamber of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic heart epicardium of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart heart epicardium OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart OBOL:automatic heart ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart OBOL:automatic epicardium of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic heart epicardium of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle heart epicardium OBOL:automatic epicardium of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic heart ventricle epicardium OBOL:automatic heart ventricle heart epicardium OBOL:automatic visceral serous pericardium of heart of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart OBOL:automatic epicardium of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic heart epicardium of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart epicardium OBOL:automatic epicardium of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart heart epicardium OBOL:automatic visceral serous pericardium of heart of cardiac ventricle The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010912-30'>Hu et al. 2001.</a>. ZFIN:curator OBOL:automatic visceral serous pericardium of heart of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle epicardium OBOL:automatic heart epicardium of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic visceral serous pericardium of heart of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart epicardium myocardium of ventricle EFO:0003088 FMA:12151 MA:0000082 Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. SCTID:192084000 TAO:0005061 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001083 UBERON:FMA_12151-MA_0000082-ZFA_0005061 VHOG:0000604 ZFA:0005061 cardiac muscle of cardiac ventricle cardiac muscle of heart ventricle cardiac muscle of lower chamber of heart cardiac muscle of ventricle of heart cardiac ventricle cardiac muscle cardiac ventricle heart muscle cardiac ventricle heart myocardium cardiac ventricle muscle of heart cardiac ventricle myocardium heart muscle of cardiac ventricle heart muscle of heart ventricle heart muscle of lower chamber of heart heart muscle of ventricle of heart heart myocardium of cardiac ventricle heart myocardium of heart ventricle heart myocardium of lower chamber of heart heart myocardium of ventricle of heart heart ventricle cardiac muscle heart ventricle heart muscle heart ventricle heart myocardium heart ventricle muscle of heart heart ventricle myocardium lower chamber of heart cardiac muscle lower chamber of heart heart muscle lower chamber of heart heart myocardium lower chamber of heart muscle of heart lower chamber of heart myocardium muscle of heart of cardiac ventricle muscle of heart of heart ventricle muscle of heart of lower chamber of heart muscle of heart of ventricle of heart myocardium of cardiac ventricle myocardium of heart ventricle myocardium of lower chamber of heart myocardium of ventricle of heart uberon ventricle myocardium ventricle of heart cardiac muscle ventricle of heart heart muscle ventricle of heart heart myocardium ventricle of heart muscle of heart ventricle of heart myocardium ventricular myocardium OBOL:automatic heart muscle of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic heart ventricle heart muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic heart ventricle heart myocardium OBOL:automatic heart ventricle muscle of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle myocardium OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart heart muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic myocardium of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic heart ventricle myocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle heart myocardium OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart heart myocardium OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic heart muscle of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic myocardium of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic heart muscle of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic heart muscle of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart heart myocardium Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. ZFIN:curator OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart heart muscle OBOL:automatic myocardium of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic myocardium of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic heart ventricle cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle heart muscle OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart muscle of heart skin of head A zone of skin that is part of a head [Obol]. FMA:12166 FMA:24756 MA:0000582 SCTID:181484006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001084 UBERON:FMA_12166-MA_0000582 adult head zone of skin head skin head zone of skin ncithesaurus:Head_Skin uberon zone of skin of adult head zone of skin of head OBOL:automatic zone of skin of head OBOL:automatic zone of skin of adult head OBOL:automatic adult head zone of skin OBOL:automatic head zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a head [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skin of trunk A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Obol]. FMA:12167 FMA:23093 MA:0000517 SCTID:181489001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001085 UBERON:FMA_12167-MA_0000517 ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Trunk torso zone of skin trunk skin trunk zone of skin uberon zone of skin of torso zone of skin of trunk A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of torso OBOL:automatic zone of skin of trunk OBOL:automatic trunk zone of skin OBOL:automatic torso zone of skin articular cartilage UBERON:0001086 UBERON:0010996 UBERON:0011002 UBERON:FMA_12264-MA_0000487-ZFA_0001644 obsoleted as it conflated two distinct classes true uberon pleural fluid BTO:0003080 FMA:12273 MA:0002532 MAT:0000500 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Transudate contained in the pleural cavity.[FMA] UBERON:0001087 UBERON:FMA_12273-MA_0002532 ncithesaurus:Pleural_Fluid uberon FMA:FMA Transudate contained in the pleural cavity.[FMA] Wikipedia:Pleural_fluid urine BTO:0001419 EFO:0001939 ENVO:00002047 Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.[FMA] FMA:12274 GAID:1189 MA:0002545 MAT:0000058 MESH:A.12.207.927 MIAA:0000058 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001088 UBERON:FMA_12274-MA_0002545-MIAA_0000058 galen:Urine ncithesaurus:Urine uberon Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Urine sweat BTO:0001254 ENVO:02000025 FMA:12275 GAID:1172 MA:0002539 MESH:A.12.200.849 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Secretion produced by a sweat gland.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001089 UBERON:FMA_12275-MA_0002539 ncithesaurus:Sweat skin exudate uberon BTO:0001254 skin exudate FMA:FMA Secretion produced by a sweat gland.[FMA] Wikipedia:Sweat synovial fluid BTO:0001339 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:A.02.835.583.443.800.800 TAO:0005154 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae.[FMA] UBERON:0001090 UBERON:FMA_12277-MA_0002544 ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid ncithesaurus:Synovial_Fluid uberon FMA:FMA Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae.[FMA] Wikipedia:Synovial_fluid calcareous tooth AEO:0000220 BTO:0000397 EFO:0000839 EHDAA2:0004605 EHDAA:8009 EHDAA:8045 EMAPA:17917 EMAPA:17938 EV:0100063 FMA:12516 GAID:1260 MA:0000348 MAT:0000041 MESH:A.14.254.860 MIAA:0000041 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjUEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ with a cavity which consist of dentine surrounded by enamel. Examples: incisor, molar. SCTID:302214001 TAO:0000694 TAO:0001625 UBERON:0001091 UBERON:FMA_12516-MA_0000348-MIAA_0000041-XAO_0000431-ZFA_0000644-ZFA_0000694 VHOG:0000127 XAO:0000431 ZFA:0000694 ceratobranchial 5 tooth dentine containing tooth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/200px-Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg ncithesaurus:Tooth tooth uberon vertebrate tooth XAO ZFA definitional FMA:12516 Organ with a cavity which consist of dentine surrounded by enamel. Examples: incisor, molar. Wikipedia:Tooth Wikipedia:Tooth_(animal) first cervical vertebra . 1 AAO:0000709 Atlas (CI) C1 C1 vertebra EHDAA:10606 FMA:12519 GAID:236 MA:0001421 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151.213 TAO:0001167 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001092 UBERON:FMA_12519-MA_0001421 ZFA:0001167 atlas cervical atlas cervical vertebra 1 ncithesaurus:C1_Vertebra uberon . Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) MP:0011576 cervical atlas second cervical vertebra 2 C2 C2 vertebra EHDAA:10608 FMA:12520 GAID:237 MA:0001422 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151.383 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-zaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001168 UBERON:0001093 UBERON:FMA_12520-MA_0001422-ZFA_0000092 ZFA:0001168 axis axis (CII) cervical axis cervical vertebra 2 ncithesaurus:C2_Vertebra note: not the same as ZFA term 'axis' second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine. uberon vertebra 2 MA:0001422 cervical vertebra 2 MA:0001422 axis FMA MP:0004608 cervical axis Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine. ZFA:0001168 vertebra 2 sacral vertebra EMAPA:18336 FMA:12526 MA:0000313 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-ZsXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361773005 UBERON:0001094 UBERON:FMA_12526-XAO_0003078 XAO:0003078 galen:SacralVertebra ncithesaurus:Sacral_Vertebra sacral segment segment of sacrum uberon caudal vertebra EMAPA:18374 MA:0000310 OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000326 UBERON:0001095 UBERON:FMA_12527-XAO_0003079-ZFA_0000326 XAO:0003079 ZFA:0000326 bones in the tails or coccyx of mammals. In zebrafish: Vertebra bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae. caudal vertebrae tail vertebra uberon Wikipedia:Caudal_vertebra ZFIN:curator bones in the tails or coccyx of mammals. In zebrafish: Vertebra bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae. MA:0000310 tail vertebra caudal vertebrae wall of esophagus An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. FMA:12611 MA:0002691 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001096 UBERON:FMA_12611-MA_0002691 anatomical wall of esophagus anatomical wall of gullet anatomical wall of oesophagus esophageal wall esophagus anatomical wall esophagus wall gullet anatomical wall gullet wall oesophagus anatomical wall oesophagus wall uberon wall of gullet wall of oesophagus OBOL:automatic gullet wall OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of esophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic wall of gullet OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of oesophagus OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of gullet OBOL:automatic wall of oesophagus OBOL:automatic esophagus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic gullet anatomical wall An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic oesophagus wall axillary lymph node FMA:12771 MA:0000735 SCTID:181759007 The Axillary lymph nodes are of large size, vary from twenty to thirty in number, and may be arranged in the following groups: brachial lymph nodes (or 'lateral') pectoral axillary lymph nodes (or 'anterior') subscapular axillary lymph nodes (or 'posterior') central lymph nodes apical lymph nodes (or 'medial' or 'subclavicular') [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001097 UBERON:FMA_12771-MA_0000735 axillary node http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray607.png/200px-Gray607.png ncithesaurus:Axillary_Lymph_Node nodi lymphoidei axillares uberon Wikipedia:Axillary_lymph_nodes nodi lymphoidei axillares The Axillary lymph nodes are of large size, vary from twenty to thirty in number, and may be arranged in the following groups: brachial lymph nodes (or 'lateral') pectoral axillary lymph nodes (or 'anterior') subscapular axillary lymph nodes (or 'posterior') central lymph nodes apical lymph nodes (or 'medial' or 'subclavicular') [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Axillary_lymph_node Wikipedia:Axillary_lymph_nodes incisor tooth BTO:0001741 EHDAA:8011 EHDAA:8047 FMA:12823 GAID:1263 Humans normally have eight (8) incisors; Among other animals, some other primates, cats and horses have twelve. Rodents have four, while Foxes have nine. Rabbits and hares (lagomorphs) were once considered rodents, but are distinguished by having eight — one small pair, called 'peg teeth', is located directly behind the most anterior pair. Incisors are used to bite off tough foods, such as red meat Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000349 MESH:A.14.254.860.425 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ch5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:420856006 UBERON:0001098 UBERON:FMA_12823-MA_0000349 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gray997.png/200px-Gray997.png incisor ncithesaurus:Incisor uberon MA:0000349 incisor Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Incisor_tooth subcostal vein FMA:12845 MA:0002222 SCTID:25248001 The subcostal vein is a vein in the human body that runs along the bottom of the twelfth rib. It has the same essential qualities as the posterior intercostal veins, except that it cannot be considered intercostal because it is not between two ribs. Each subcostal vein gives off a posterior (dorsal) branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001099 UBERON:FMA_12845-MA_0002222 ncithesaurus:Subcostal_Vein uberon vena subcostalis The subcostal vein is a vein in the human body that runs along the bottom of the twelfth rib. It has the same essential qualities as the posterior intercostal veins, except that it cannot be considered intercostal because it is not between two ribs. Each subcostal vein gives off a posterior (dorsal) branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subcostal_vein Wikipedia:Subcostal_vein vena subcostalis pectoralis minor EHDAA2:0001425 EHDAA:8313 EMAPA:18180 FMA:13109 MA:0002355 SCTID:181625002 The Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the Pectoralis major. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001100 UBERON:FMA_13109-MA_0002355 VHOG:0000902 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pectoralis_minor.png/200px-Pectoralis_minor.png musculus pectoralis minor ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Minor pectoralis minor muscle uberon dbpedia third to fifth ribs near their costal cartilages dbpedia medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula Wikipedia:Pectoralis_minor_muscle musculus pectoralis minor FMA The Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the Pectoralis major. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pectoralis_minor_muscle external jugular vein AAO:0010508 EHDAA2:0000468 EHDAA:9887 EMAPA:17875 FMA:13110 MA:0002156 OpenCyc:Mx4rvrm0c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181373000 The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001101 UBERON:FMA_13110-MA_0002156 XAO:0000379 external jugular external jugular venous tree galen:ExternalJugularVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:External_Jugular_Vein uberon vena jugularis externa FMA/obol EHDAA2:0000468 external jugular Wikipedia:External_jugular_vein vena jugularis externa The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:External_jugular_vein cartilage of main bronchus A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. EMAPA:19092 FMA:13117 MA:0001846 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001102 UBERON:FMA_13117-MA_0001846 bronchus principalis cartilage cartilage of bronchus principalis cartilage of primary bronchus cartilage of principal bronchus cartilaginous ring of main bronchus main bronchial cartilage main bronchus cartilage primary bronchus cartilage principal bronchus cartilage uberon EMAPA:19092 cartilaginous ring of main bronchus A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cartilage of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic cartilage of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic primary bronchus cartilage OBOL:automatic principal bronchus cartilage OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of primary bronchus diaphragm BTO:0000341 EFO:0000937 EHDAA2:0003495 EMAPA:17701 EV:0100376 FMA:13295 GAID:158 MA:0001904 MAT:0000502 MESH:A.02.633.567.900.300 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181614006 The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3] The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution) UBERON:0001103 UBERON:FMA_13295-MA_0001904 VHOG:0000713 diaphragm muscle midriff ncithesaurus:Diaphragm phren thoracic diaphragm uberon BTO:0000341 phren definitional BTO:0000341 midriff GO:0060539 The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. Wikipedia:Thoracid_diaphragm BTO:0000341 diaphragm muscle anterior jugular vein FMA:13318 MA:0002155 SCTID:65478008 The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001104 UBERON:FMA_13318-MA_0002155 anterior external jugular vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray558.png/200px-Gray558.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Jugular_Vein uberon vena jugularis anterior FMA/obol The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_jugular_vein Wikipedia:Anterior_jugular_vein vena jugularis anterior clavicle AAO:0000761 EMAPA:18721 FMA:13321 GAID:182 In human anatomy, the clavicle or collar bone is classified as a flat bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle. It receives its name from the Latin clavicula ('little key') because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. This movement is palpable. In some people, particularly females who may have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible as it creates a bulge in the skin. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001329 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.227 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjijZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181910004 Taxon notes: The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it is associated with the pectoral fin; they also have a bone called the cleithrum. In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid symphysis on the fish's underside. They are, however, absent in cartilagenous fish and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the teleosts[ISBN 0-03-910284-X] AO Notes: FMA and MA differ in whether they consider this part of the shoulder. Development notes: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4] UBERON:0001105 UBERON:FMA_13321-MA_0001329 VHOG:0000849 VSAO:0005031 clavicula clavicule bone collar bone galen:Clavicle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdles-en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Clavicle uberon In human anatomy, the clavicle or collar bone is classified as a flat bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle. It receives its name from the Latin clavicula ('little key') because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. This movement is palpable. In some people, particularly females who may have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible as it creates a bulge in the skin. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Clavicle VSAO:0005031 clavicula ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4 mah ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4 from secondary cartilage of fusion FMA MA VSAO:0005031 clavicule bone FMA VSAO cephalic vein EMAPA:25075 FMA:13324 In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb. It is also called the antecubital vein. It communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002092 OpenCyc:Mx4rwTpbQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181391005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001106 UBERON:FMA_13324-MA_0002092 cephalic vein of forearm galen:CephalicVein ncithesaurus:Cephalic_Vein uberon vena cephalica vena cephalica antebrachii FMA/obol Wikipedia:Cephalic_vein vena cephalica FMA/obol FMA:13324 FMA:TA vena cephalica antebrachii In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb. It is also called the antecubital vein. It communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cephalic_vein sternohyoid EMAPA:19271 FMA:13341 MA:0002383 The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The muscle arises from the posterior border of the medial end of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the upper and posterior part of the manubrium sterni. Passing upward and medially, it is inserted by short tendinous fibers into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001107 UBERON:FMA_13341-MA_0002383-ZFA_0000283 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG musculus sternohyoideus ncithesaurus:Sternohyoid sternohyoid muscle sternohyoidei sternohyoideus todo - add taxon restriction uberon Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle sternohyoidei FMA The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The muscle arises from the posterior border of the medial end of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the upper and posterior part of the manubrium sterni. Passing upward and medially, it is inserted by short tendinous fibers into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle musculus sternohyoideus dbpedia dbpedia manubrium of sternum Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle sternohyoideus Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle sternohyoid muscle dbpedia omohyoid FMA:13342 MA:0002348 SCTID:244833001 The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001108 UBERON:FMA_13342-MA_0002348 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gray1210.png/200px-Gray1210.png interior and superior belly musculus omohyoideus ncithesaurus:Omohyoid omohyoid muscle omohyoideus omohyoideus muscle uberon FMA dbpedia Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle musculus omohyoideus dbpedia The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle omohyoideus muscle Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle omohyoideus sternothyroid EMAPA:19272 FMA:13343 MA:0002386 The Sternothyreoideus (or Sternothyroid muscle) is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated. It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is inserted into the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is in close contact with its fellow at the lower part of the neck, but diverges somewhat as it ascends; it is occasionally traversed by a transverse or oblique tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001109 UBERON:FMA_13343-MA_0002386 ZFA has structure of same name that is mandibular http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sternothyroideus.png/200px-Sternothyroideus.png musculus sternothyroideus ncithesaurus:Sternothyroid sterno-hyoid sternohyoid muscle sternohyoidei sternohyoideus uberon Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle sterno-hyoid FMA Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle sternohyoidei dbpedia Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle musculus sternothyroideus dbpedia The Sternothyreoideus (or Sternothyroid muscle) is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated. It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is inserted into the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is in close contact with its fellow at the lower part of the neck, but diverges somewhat as it ascends; it is occasionally traversed by a transverse or oblique tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle sternohyoideus thyrohyoid EMAPA:19273 EMAPA:25143 FMA:13344 MA:0002393 SCTID:244832006 The thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001110 UBERON:FMA_13344-MA_0002393 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG musculus thyrohyoideus ncithesaurus:Thyrohyoid thyreohyoideus thyreohyoideus muscle thyrohyoid muscle thyrohyoideus uberon dbpedia first cervical nerve via hypoglossal nerve FMA Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle thyrohyoid muscle Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle thyreohyoideus muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle thyreohyoideus Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle thyrohyoideus Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle musculus thyrohyoideus The thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle dbpedia first cervical nerve via hypoglossal nerve intercostal muscle EFO:0001368 EHDAA2:0000841 EHDAA:5988 FMA:13354 GAID:159 Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002324 MESH:A.02.633.567.900.500 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQo8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181746004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001111 UBERON:FMA_13354-MA_0002324 VHOG:0000903 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png intercostales ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Muscle uberon FMA dbpedia ribs 1-11 dbpedia ribs 2-12 dbpedia Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intercostal_muscle EHDAA2 latissimus dorsi EFO:0003067 EHDAA2:0000932 EHDAA:8307 EMAPA:18178 FMA:13357 MA:0002331 The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001112 UBERON:FMA_13357-MA_0002331 VHOG:0000930 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png/200px-Latissimus_dorsi.png latissimus dorsi muscle musculus latissimus dorsi musculus latissimus dorsi uberon dbpedia Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle musculus latissimus dorsi dbpedia dbpedia floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle dbpedia spinous processes of thoracic T7-T12 thoracolumbar fascia iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs inferior angle of scapula lobe of liver EMAPA:18306 FMA:13361 MA:0000360 SCTID:245378000 Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. UBERON:0001113 UBERON:FMA_13361-MA_0000360 editor note: some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts hepatic lobe liver lobe lobus hepatis ncithesaurus:Liver_Lobe uberon Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. Wikipedia:Liver#Lobes right lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001008 EHDAA:4001 EMAPA:18311 FMA:13362 MA:0000363 SCTID:362182008 TAO:0005173 The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001114 UBERON:FMA_13362-MA_0000363 VHOG:0001424 ZFA:0005173 gall bladder lobe http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png liver right lobe lobus hepatis dexter ncithesaurus:Right_Lobe_of_the_Liver right liver lobe uberon Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver lobus hepatis dexter ZFA:0005173 right liver lobe The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver ZFA:0005173 gall bladder lobe left lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001000 EHDAA:3995 EMAPA:18307 FMA:13363 MA:0000361 SCTID:362183003 TAO:0005172 The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001115 UBERON:FMA_13363-MA_0000361 VHOG:0001423 ZFA:0005172 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png left liver lobe liver left lobe lobus hepatis sinister ncithesaurus:Left_Lobe_of_the_Liver uberon The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver lobus hepatis sinister quadrate lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001012 EHDAA:8082 EMAPA:18318 FMA:13364 MA:0000365 SCTID:279929003 The quadrate lobe is an area of the liver situated on the under surface of the right lobe, bounded in front by the anterior margin of the liver; behind by the porta hepatis; on the right, by the fossa for the gall-bladder; and on the left, by the fossa for the umbilical vein. It is oblong in shape, its antero-posterior diameter being greater than its transverse. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001116 UBERON:FMA_13364-MA_0000365 VHOG:0000509 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png liver quadrate lobe lobus quadratus lobus quadratus ncithesaurus:Lobus_Quadratus uberon Wikipedia:Quadrate_lobe_of_liver lobus quadratus The quadrate lobe is an area of the liver situated on the under surface of the right lobe, bounded in front by the anterior margin of the liver; behind by the porta hepatis; on the right, by the fossa for the gall-bladder; and on the left, by the fossa for the umbilical vein. It is oblong in shape, its antero-posterior diameter being greater than its transverse. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Quadrate_lobe_of_liver caudate lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001005 EHDAA:6990 EMAPA:18313 Editor/taxon notes: Check left vs right in mouse and human FMA:13365 MA:0000364 SCTID:362184009 The caudate lobe (posterior hepatic segment I, Spigelian lobe) is situated upon the postero-superior surface of the liver on the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae. It is bounded on the left side by the physiological division of the liver called the ligamentum venosum. It is bounded, below, by the porta; on the right, by the fossa for the inferior vena cava; and, on the left, by the fossa for the ductus venosus. It looks backward, being nearly vertical in position; it is longer from above downward than from side to side, and is somewhat concave in the transverse direction. The caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely and laterally, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the under surface of the right lobe. It is situated behind the porta, and separates the fossa for the gall-bladder from the commencement of the fossa for the inferior vena cava. Budd-Chiari syndrome, caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, can lead to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe due to its own caval anastomosis that allows for continued function of this lobe of the liver. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001117 UBERON:FMA_13365-MA_0000364 VHOG:0000508 couinaud hepatic segment i hepatovenous segment i http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png liver caudate lobe liver caudate process lobus caudatus ncithesaurus:Lobus_Caudatus pars posterior hepatis posterior hepatic segment i posterior liver posterior part of liver segment hepatis posterius I, lobus caudatus segment i of liver segmentum hepatis i spiegelian lobe spigel lobe uberon FMA:13365 couinaud hepatic segment i MA The caudate lobe (posterior hepatic segment I, Spigelian lobe) is situated upon the postero-superior surface of the liver on the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae. It is bounded on the left side by the physiological division of the liver called the ligamentum venosum. It is bounded, below, by the porta; on the right, by the fossa for the inferior vena cava; and, on the left, by the fossa for the ductus venosus. It looks backward, being nearly vertical in position; it is longer from above downward than from side to side, and is somewhat concave in the transverse direction. The caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely and laterally, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the under surface of the right lobe. It is situated behind the porta, and separates the fossa for the gall-bladder from the commencement of the fossa for the inferior vena cava. Budd-Chiari syndrome, caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, can lead to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe due to its own caval anastomosis that allows for continued function of this lobe of the liver. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Caudate_lobe_of_liver FMA:13365 FMA:TA pars posterior hepatis FMA:13365 FMA:TA segmentum hepatis i Wikipedia:Caudate_lobe_of_liver segment hepatis posterius I, lobus caudatus FMA lobe of thyroid gland EHDAA2:0002032 EMAPA:18196 EMAPA:18830 FMA:13367 MA:0000131 SCTID:245537001 The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm. , and its thickness about 2 cm. The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland. The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz. , the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves. The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001118 UBERON:FMA_13367-MA_0000131 VHOG:0000732 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/200px-Gray1174.png lobuli glandulae thyroideae lobus (glandula thyroidea) ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Lobe thyroid gland lobe thyroid lobe uberon The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm. , and its thickness about 2 cm. The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland. The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz. , the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves. The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lobes_of_thyroid_gland Wikipedia:Lobes_of_thyroid_gland lobuli glandulae thyroideae right lobe of thyroid gland EHDAA2:0001759 EMAPA:18198 FMA:13368 MA:0000729 SCTID:170482008 UBERON:0001119 UBERON:FMA_13368-MA_0000729 VHOG:0000733 lobus dexter (glandula thyroidea) ncithesaurus:Right_Thyroid_Gland_Lobe right thyroid lobe thyroid gland right lobe uberon left lobe of thyroid gland EHDAA2:0000965 EMAPA:18197 FMA:13369 MA:0000728 SCTID:170784008 UBERON:0001120 UBERON:FMA_13369-MA_0000728 VHOG:0000734 left thyroid lobe lobus sinister (glandula thyroidea) ncithesaurus:Left_Thyroid_Gland_Lobe thyroid gland left lobe uberon longus colli FMA:13370 MA:0002341 SCTID:244836009 The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebræ. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001121 UBERON:FMA_13370-MA_0002341 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Longus_colli.png/200px-Longus_colli.png longi colli longus colli muscle musculus longus colli ncithesaurus:Longus_Colli uberon Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle longus colli muscle Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle musculus longus colli dbpedia The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebræ. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle FMA Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle longi colli Transverse processes of C-5 to T-3 dbpedia scalenus medius FMA:13386 MA:0002370 The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. Because it elevates the upper ribs, the middle scalene muscle is also one of the accessory muscles of respiration. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001122 UBERON:FMA_13386-MA_0002370 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Scalenus_medius.png/200px-Scalenus_medius.png medial scalene muscle middle scalene musculus scalenus medius musculus scalenus medius ncithesaurus:Scalenus_Medius scalenus medius muscle uberon FMA:13386 FMA:TA musculus scalenus medius Wikipedia:Scalenus_medius musculus scalenus medius dbpedia Ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves dbpedia dbpedia The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. Because it elevates the upper ribs, the middle scalene muscle is also one of the accessory muscles of respiration. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scalenus_medius scalenus posterior FMA:13387 MA:0002369 The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the Serratus anterior. It is occasionally blended with the Scalenus medius. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001123 UBERON:FMA_13387-MA_0002369 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Scalenus_posterior.png/200px-Scalenus_posterior.png musculus scalenus posterior musculus scalenus posterior ncithesaurus:Scalenus_Dorsalis posterior scalene posterior scalene muscle scalenus dorsalis scalenus dorsalis muscle uberon dbpedia transverse processes of C4 - C6 The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the Serratus anterior. It is occasionally blended with the Scalenus medius. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scalenus_posterior Wikipedia:Scalenus_posterior musculus scalenus posterior FMA:13387 FMA:TA musculus scalenus posterior pectoral limb scapula AAO:0000751 Alternate definition: A scapula that is connected to a pectoral limb. Taxon notes: present in all tetrapods with even vestiges of anterior limbs, e.g., turtles & birds & mammals. Development notes: chick scapula is of dual origin and segmentally organized[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4] BTO:0001218 EFO:0001400 EMAPA:18722 FMA:13394 GAID:186 In human anatomy, the scapula, omo (Medical Latin), or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). The scapula forms the posterior (back) located part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001330 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVji0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302517007 UBERON:0001124 UBERON:FMA_13394-MA_0001330-ZFA_0000583 VHOG:0001398 galen:Scapula http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdles-en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Scapula shoulder blade tetrapod scapula uberon definitional In human anatomy, the scapula, omo (Medical Latin), or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). The scapula forms the posterior (back) located part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scapula FMA serratus anterior Boxer's muscle EHDAA2:0001832 EHDAA:9463 EMAPA:18525 FMA:13397 MA:0002378 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWn_D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181748003 The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001125 UBERON:FMA_13397-MA_0002378 VHOG:0000679 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Serratus_anterior.png/200px-Serratus_anterior.png musculus serratus anterior, serratus lateralis ncithesaurus:Serratus_Ventralis serratus anterior muscle serratus ventralis uberon Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle musculus serratus anterior, serratus lateralis The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle dbpedia dbpedia long thoracic nerve EHDAA2 dbpedia fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula dbpedia serratus posterior superior FMA:13401 MA:0002377 SCTID:244935007 The Serratus posterior superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax. It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebræ and from the supraspinal ligament. Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001126 UBERON:FMA_13401-MA_0002377 ncithesaurus:Serratus_Dorsalis_Cranialis serratus dorsalis cranialis superior serratus posterior uberon The Serratus posterior superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax. It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebræ and from the supraspinal ligament. Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Serratus_posterior_superior serratus posterior inferior FMA:13402 MA:0002376 SCTID:244936008 The Serratus posterior inferior muscle (or posterior serratus) is a muscle of the human body. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001127 UBERON:FMA_13402-MA_0002376 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Serratus_posterior.PNG/200px-Serratus_posterior.PNG inferior serratus posterior ncithesaurus:Serratus_Dorsalis_Caudalis serratus dorsalis caudalis uberon The Serratus posterior inferior muscle (or posterior serratus) is a muscle of the human body. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Serratus_posterior_inferior sternocleidomastoid BTO:0005125 EMAPA:25137 Editor notes: TODO: sternocleidomastoid = sternomastoid + Cleidomastoideus. Origin: from manubrium sterni (sterno) and clavicle (cleido) and it's insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone. FMA:13407 In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, also known as sternomastoid and commonly abbreviated as SCM, is a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002384 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bMg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181741009 UBERON:0001128 UBERON:FMA_13407-MA_0002384 VHOG:0000853 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray512.png/200px-Gray512.png musculus sternocleidomastoideus ncithesaurus:Sternocleidomastoid_Muscle sterno-cleido-mastoid sterno-mastoid sterno-mastoid sternocleidomastoid sternocleidomastoid muscle sternocleidomastoid muscles sternocleidomastoidei sternocleidomastoideus sternocleidomastoideus muscle sternocleidomastoids sternomastoid sternomastoid sternomastoid muscle sternomastoid muscle supraclavicularis muscle uberon dbpedia manubrium sterni medial portion of the clavicle Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternocleidomastoids Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle supraclavicularis muscle Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sterno-mastoid Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternocleidomastoideus muscle Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternomastoid Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternocleidomastoidei Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternocleidomastoid muscles Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternocleidomastoideus Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sterno-cleido-mastoid dbpedia sensory: cervical plexus Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle musculus sternocleidomastoideus BTO:0005125 sternocleidomastoid muscle Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternocleidomastoid In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, also known as sternomastoid and commonly abbreviated as SCM, is a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternomastoid muscle dbpedia manubrium sterni medial portion of the clavicle subscapularis EHDAA2:0001943 EHDAA:8317 EMAPA:18181 FMA:13413 MA:0002388 OpenCyc:Mx4rviCRIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:277446000 The Subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001129 UBERON:FMA_13413-MA_0002388 VHOG:0000850 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png musculus subscapularis ncithesaurus:Subscapularis subscapularis muscle uberon The Subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subscapularis_muscle Wikipedia:Subscapularis_muscle musculus subscapularis dbpedia lesser tubercle of humerus vertebral column AAO:0000699 AAO:0000734 BTO:0000818 EFO:0001369 EHDA:10119 EMAPA:16666 Editor notes: Note that in contrast to VSAO, this is a subset of the skeletal system, and thus includes intervertebral joints, cartilage and ligaments etc. Some ontologies such as AAO seem to purely refer to the skeleton FMA:13478 GAID:106 MA:0002416 MESH:A.02.835.232.834 NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2j-CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rv6GF55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkFEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:44300000 Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body. TAO:0001559 UBERON:0001130 UBERON:FMA_13478-MA_0002416-XAO_0003074-ZFA_0001559 VHOG:0001142 VSAO:0000185 XAO:0003074 ZFA:0001559 backbone columna vertebralis galen:SpinalColumn ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Column ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Column spinal column spine uberon vertebral column skeleton BTO:0000818 columna vertebralis AAO:0000699 vertebral column skeleton FMA:13478 spine FMA Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Vertebral_column https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3530322&group_id=76834&atid=2257941 MESH:A.02.835.232.834 spinal column FMA:13478 backbone cjm vertebral foramen AAO:0000729 FMA:13479 In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. The vertebral foramen begins at cervical vertebrae #1 and continues inferior to lumbar vertebrae #5. Within this foramen the spinal cord and associated meninges are housed. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001454 OpenCyc:Mx4rv_EvQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280734009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001131 UBERON:FMA_13479-MA_0001454 foramen vertebrale http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Foramenvertebrale.png/200px-Foramenvertebrale.png uberon vertebra neural canal Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen foramen vertebrale In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. The vertebral foramen begins at cervical vertebrae #1 and continues inferior to lumbar vertebrae #5. Within this foramen the spinal cord and associated meninges are housed. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen parathyroid gland AAO:0010545 BTO:0000997 Development notes: table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity. Additional notes: Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP]. The parathryoid gland is not formed in fish, but is only found in tetrapods. In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch[PMID:16313389] EFO:0000862 EV:0100134 FMA:13890 GAID:452 MA:0000128 MAT:0000082 MESH:A.06.407.560 MIAA:0000082 SCTID:181121007 The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone[GO]. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones[WP]. UBERON:0001132 UBERON:FMA_13890-MA_0000128-MIAA_0000082-XAO_0000167 VHOG:0001188 XAO:0000167 ncithesaurus:Parathyroid_Gland parathyroid parathyroid secreting cell uberon The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone[GO]. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones[WP]. Wikipedia:Parathyroid_gland cardiac muscle tissue AAO:0010245 AEO:0000142 BTO:0000199 EHDAA2:0003142 FMA:14068 MA:0002441 Muscle composed of cardiac muscle cells that is part of the heart[ZFA]. involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium[Wikipedia]. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart[FMA]. TAO:0005280 UBERON:0001133 UBERON:FMA_14068-MA_0002441 ZFA:0005280 cardiac muscle cardiac muscle muscle tissue cardiac muscle textus muscularis check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit galen:CardiacMuscle galen:CardiacMuscleTissue heart muscle muscle tissue heart muscle textus muscularis heart myocardium muscle tissue heart myocardium textus muscularis muscle of heart muscle tissue muscle of heart textus muscularis muscle tissue of cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart muscle muscle tissue of heart myocardium muscle tissue of muscle of heart muscle tissue of myocardium myocardium muscle tissue myocardium textus muscularis ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle textus muscularis of cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart muscle textus muscularis of heart myocardium textus muscularis of muscle of heart textus muscularis of myocardium uberon OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle FMA:14068 Muscle composed of cardiac muscle cells that is part of the heart[ZFA]. involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium[Wikipedia]. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart[FMA]. ZFA OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue AAO:0011099 BTO:0001103 EFO:0000888 EHDAA2:0001842 EHDAA:2923 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5984 EHDAA:8277 EHDAA:8291 EHDAA:8326 EHDAA:9146 EV:0100377 FMA:14069 GAID:141 MA:0002439 MAT:0000302 MESH:A.02.633.567 MIAA:0000302 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:426215008 TAO:0005277 TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Consider FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle. Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA]. Striated muscle tissue under control of the somatic nervous system. It is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac and smooth muscle. As its name suggests, most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons. Skeletal muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers. These fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts. The myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of actin and myosin myofibrils repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the cell and responsible for skeletal muscle's striated appearance and forming the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction. The term muscle refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue[WP]. UBERON:0001134 UBERON:FMA_14069-MA_0002439 VHOG:0000319 XAO:0000174 ZFA:0005277 ncithesaurus:Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue skeletal muscle skeletal muscle organ skeletal muscle system somatic muscle uberon Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA]. Striated muscle tissue under control of the somatic nervous system. It is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac and smooth muscle. As its name suggests, most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons. Skeletal muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers. These fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts. The myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of actin and myosin myofibrils repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the cell and responsible for skeletal muscle's striated appearance and forming the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction. The term muscle refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue[WP]. Wikipedia:Skeletal_striated_muscle BTO:0001103 skeletal muscle system BTO:0001103 somatic muscle smooth muscle tissue AAO:0010244 AEO:0000141 BTO:0001260 EFO:0000889 EHDAA2:0003141 EMAPA:18923 EV:0100378 FBbt:00003525 FMA:14070 GAID:167 MA:0000166 MAT:0000303 MESH:A.02.633.570 MIAA:0000303 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvSS3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. Tissue which consists of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Examples: Arrector muscle of hair, Muscularis mucosae. TAO:0005274 UBERON:0001135 UBERON:FMA_14070-MA_0002440 VHOG:0001246 WBbt:0005781 XAO:0000175 ZFA:0005274 galen:SmoothMuscle galen:SmoothMuscleTissue involuntary muscle ncithesaurus:Smooth_Muscle_Tissue non-striated muscle smooth muscle terminological note: GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells. textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus textus muscularis nonstriatus uberon visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue FMA:14070 FMA:TA textus muscularis nonstriatus visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. Tissue which consists of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Examples: Arrector muscle of hair, Muscularis mucosae. Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue mesothelium AEO:0000111 BTO:0002422 EHDAA2:0003111 EHDAA:2331 EHDAA:2339 EHDAA:2349 EHDAA:295 EHDAA:6073 EHDAA:640 EHDAA:646 FMA:14074 MA:0000565 SCTID:361918002 Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001136 UBERON:FMA_14074-MA_0000565 meso-epithelium ncithesaurus:Mesothelium uberon Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). Wikipedia:Mesothelium back BTO:0001713 EFO:0001405 Editor notes: TODO - add definition for non-humans FMA:14181 GAID:30 In humans: large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body[WP]. MA:0000020 MESH:A.01.176 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001137 UBERON:FMA_14181-MA_0000020 back of body proper back of trunk galen:Back http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/432px-Gray-back.PNG/200px-432px-Gray-back.PNG ncithesaurus:Back uberon FMA:14181 back of body proper In humans: large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body[WP]. Wikipedia:Back MA:0000020 back of trunk superior mesenteric vein BTO:0002783 EHDAA2:0001951 EHDAA:5414 EMAPA:18643 FMA:14332 In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002179 OpenCyc:Mx4rwFjmM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278031001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001138 UBERON:FMA_14332-MA_0002179 VHOG:0000552 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Vein uberon upper mesenteric vein vena mesenterica superior BTO:0002783 upper mesenteric vein Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein vena mesenterica superior In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein common iliac vein EMAPA:17874 FMA:14333 In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002143 OpenCyc:Mx4rv92CGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181398004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001139 UBERON:FMA_14333-MA_0002143 common iliac venous tree galen:CommonIliacVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Iliac_veins.gif/200px-Iliac_veins.gif ncithesaurus:Common_Iliac_Vein uberon vena iliaca communis In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein vena iliaca communis renal vein BTO:0002681 EHDAA2:0001602 EHDAA:8722 EMAPA:19223 EMAPA:28376 FMA:14334 GAID:544 MA:0002210 MA:0002591 MESH:A.07.231.908.752 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:116358006 The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001140 UBERON:FMA_14334-MA_0002210 galen:RenalVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray1122.png/200px-Gray1122.png kidney vein kidney venous blood vessel ncithesaurus:Renal_Vein renal venous tree uberon vein of kidney venae renales OBOL:automatic kidney vein OBOL:automatic vein of kidney MA:0002591 kidney venous blood vessel Wikipedia:Renal_vein venae renales The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Renal_vein right renal vein FMA:14335 MA:0002212 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:116357001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001141 UBERON:FMA_14335-MA_0002212 ncithesaurus:Right_Renal_Vein uberon left renal vein FMA:14336 MA:0002211 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:116356005 The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001142 UBERON:FMA_14336-MA_0002211 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray1122.png/200px-Gray1122.png ncithesaurus:Left_Renal_Vein uberon The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Left_renal_vein hepatic vein AAO:0010216 EMAPA:19221 FMA:14337 GAID:534 In human anatomy, the hepatic veins are the blood vessels that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver and blood cleaned by the liver into the inferior vena cava. They arise from the substance of the liver, more specifically the central vein of the liver lobule. None of the hepatic veins have valves. [WP,unvetted]. MESH:A.07.231.908.380 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5GivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278191001 TAO:0000670 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001143 UBERON:FMA_14337-XAO_0000387-ZFA_0000670 XAO:0000387 ZFA:0000670 galen:HepaticVein hepatic veins http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray1121.png/200px-Gray1121.png liver vein ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Vein uberon vein of liver vena hepatica venae hepaticae OBOL:automatic vein of liver Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein venae hepaticae Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein OBOL:automatic liver vein In human anatomy, the hepatic veins are the blood vessels that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver and blood cleaned by the liver into the inferior vena cava. They arise from the substance of the liver, more specifically the central vein of the liver lobule. None of the hepatic veins have valves. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein testicular vein BTO:0002678 Comment: todo - check testicular vs spermatic vein (MA:0002218) EMAPA:18647 FMA:14344 MA:0002218 MA:0002234 OpenCyc:Mx4rv1WIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:264496006 The testicular vein (or spermatic vein), the male gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding testis to the inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis: the right testicular vein generally joins the inferior vena cava; the left testicular vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. The veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis; they unite and form a convoluted plexus, called the pampiniform plexus, which constitutes the greater mass of the spermatic cord; the vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord, in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring, they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins, which ascend on the Psoas major, behind the peritoneum, lying one on either side of the internal spermatic artery. These unite to form a single vein, which opens, on the right side, into the inferior vena cava (at an acute angle), on the left side into the left renal vein (at a right angle). The spermatic veins are provided with valves. The left spermatic vein passes behind the iliac colon and is thus exposed to pressure from the contents of that part of the bowel. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001144 UBERON:FMA_14344-MA_0002234 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gray590.png/200px-Gray590.png male gonadal vein ncithesaurus:Spermatic_Vein spermatic vein testicle vein testicular venous tree uberon vein of testicle vena tesicularis vena testicularis dextra, vena testicularis sinistra, venae spermaticae The testicular vein (or spermatic vein), the male gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding testis to the inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis: the right testicular vein generally joins the inferior vena cava; the left testicular vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. The veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis; they unite and form a convoluted plexus, called the pampiniform plexus, which constitutes the greater mass of the spermatic cord; the vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord, in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring, they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins, which ascend on the Psoas major, behind the peritoneum, lying one on either side of the internal spermatic artery. These unite to form a single vein, which opens, on the right side, into the inferior vena cava (at an acute angle), on the left side into the left renal vein (at a right angle). The spermatic veins are provided with valves. The left spermatic vein passes behind the iliac colon and is thus exposed to pressure from the contents of that part of the bowel. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Testicular_vein https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3220553&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 Wikipedia:Testicular_vein spermatic vein Wikipedia:Testicular_vein vena testicularis sinistra, OBOL:automatic testicle vein Wikipedia:Testicular_vein male gonadal vein Wikipedia:Testicular_vein testicular venous tree OBOL:automatic vein of testicle Wikipedia:Testicular_vein vena testicularis dextra, Wikipedia:Testicular_vein venae spermaticae BTO:0002678 vena tesicularis ovarian vein EMAPA:18644 FMA:14346 MA:0002186 OpenCyc:Mx4rvrST5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278193003 The ovarian vein, the female gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the female equivalent of the testicular vein, and is the venous counterpart of the ovarian artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. It a paired vein, with one supplying each ovary. The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensatory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava. The left ovarian vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001145 UBERON:FMA_14346-MA_0002186 female reproductive system gonad vein female reproductive system gonada vein gonad of female reproductive system vein gonada of female reproductive system vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ovarschaf.jpg/200px-Ovarschaf.jpg ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Vein ovary vein uberon vein of female reproductive system gonad vein of female reproductive system gonada vein of gonad of female reproductive system vein of gonada of female reproductive system vein of ovary vena ovarica sinistra, vena ovarica dextra OBOL:automatic gonada of female reproductive system vein OBOL:automatic vein of female reproductive system gonada OBOL:automatic gonad of female reproductive system vein OBOL:automatic vein of female reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonad vein OBOL:automatic ovary vein OBOL:automatic vein of gonada of female reproductive system The ovarian vein, the female gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the female equivalent of the testicular vein, and is the venous counterpart of the ovarian artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. It a paired vein, with one supplying each ovary. The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensatory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava. The left ovarian vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonada vein Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein vena ovarica sinistra, vena ovarica dextra OBOL:automatic vein of ovary OBOL:automatic vein of gonad of female reproductive system suprarenal vein EHDAA2:0001966 EHDAA:8731 FMA:14348 MA:0002229 SCTID:278194009 The Suprarenal veins are two in number: the right ends in the inferior vena cava. the left ends in the left renal or left inferior phrenic vein. They receive blood from the adrenal glands and will sometimes form anastomoses with the inferior phrenic veins. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001146 UBERON:FMA_14348-MA_0002229 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray1122.png/200px-Gray1122.png ncithesaurus:Suprarenal_Vein uberon The Suprarenal veins are two in number: the right ends in the inferior vena cava. the left ends in the left renal or left inferior phrenic vein. They receive blood from the adrenal glands and will sometimes form anastomoses with the inferior phrenic veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Suprarenal_vein trunk of peripheral nerve EMAPA:16986 FMA:14383 MA:0000229 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001147 UBERON:FMA_14383-MA_0000229 peripheral nerve trunk peripheral neural trunk uberon median nerve EHDAA2:0001086 EHDAA:5648 EMAPA:17277 FMA:14385 GAID:843 MA:0001168 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.050.500 OpenCyc:Mx4rwF4HF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181010001 The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals. It is in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery. It originates from the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause carpal tunnel syndrome. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001148 UBERON:FMA_14385-MA_0001168 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif/200px-Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif ncithesaurus:Median_Nerve nervus medianus uberon Wikipedia:Median_nerve nervus medianus The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals. It is in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery. It originates from the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause carpal tunnel syndrome. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Median_nerve bare area of liver EMAPA:17945 EMAPA:18308 EMAPA:18312 FMA:14480 MA:0000359 SCTID:279965008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001149 UBERON:FMA_14480-MA_0000359 area nuda (hepar) area nuda hepatis liver bare area uberon body of pancreas EHDAA2:0001368 EHDAA:9178 EMAPA:17504 EMAPA:18817 FMA:14518 MA:0000121 SCTID:362202004 The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001150 UBERON:FMA_14518-MA_0000121 VHOG:0000451 corpus pancreatis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg/200px-Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Pancreas pancreas body pancreas corpus pancreatic body uberon Wikipedia:Body_of_pancreas corpus pancreatis The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Body_of_pancreas tail of pancreas EHDAA2:0001390 EMAPA:17511 EMAPA:18824 FMA:14519 MA:0000123 SCTID:245382003 The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001151 UBERON:FMA_14519-MA_0000123 VHOG:0000452 cauda pancreatis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg/200px-Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg left extremity of pancreas ncithesaurus:Tail_of_the_Pancreas pancreas tail pancreatic tail uberon EHDAA2 The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tail_of_pancreas FMA Wikipedia:Tail_of_pancreas cauda pancreatis FMA:14519 left extremity of pancreas FMA:14519 pancreatic tail cystic duct EHDAA2:0000333 EHDAA:3045 EMAPA:16841 FMA:14539 GAID:290 MA:0000355 MESH:A.03.159.183.419 OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245398005 TAO:0005166 The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gall bladder to the common bile duct. It usually lies next to the cystic artery. It is of variable length. It contains a 'spiral valve', which does not provide much resistance to the flow of bile. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001152 UBERON:FMA_14539-MA_0000355 VHOG:0000213 ZFA:0005166 ductus cysticus galen:CysticDuct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png ncithesaurus:Cystic_Duct uberon Wikipedia:Cystic_duct ductus cysticus EHDAA2 FMA The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gall bladder to the common bile duct. It usually lies next to the cystic artery. It is of variable length. It contains a 'spiral valve', which does not provide much resistance to the flow of bile. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cystic_duct FMA caecum A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.[WP] BTO:0000166 EFO:0000850 EHDAA2:0000206 EHDAA:3913 EV:0100397 FMA:14541 GAID:307 MA:0000334 MESH:A.03.492.411.495.209 MIAA:0000288 OpenCyc:Mx4rve6u4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Pouch, connecting the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. SCTID:181256004 UBERON:0001153 UBERON:FMA_14541-MA_0000334-MIAA_0000288 VHOG:0001559 blind intestine blindgut cecum galen:Cecum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg/200px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg.png intestinum caecum intestinum crassum caecum intestinum crassum cecum ncithesaurus:Cecum uberon BTO:0000166 intestinum caecum Pouch, connecting the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. Wikipedia:Cecum BTO:0000166 blind intestine Wikipedia BTO:0000166 intestinum crassum cecum BTO:0000166 blindgut EHDAA2 MA FMA:14541 cecum Wikipedia appendix BTO:0000084 EFO:0000849 EHDAA2:0000588 EV:0100076 EV:0100080 FMA:14542 GAID:308 MA:0001540 MAT:0000287 MESH:A.03.492.411.495.209.290 MIAA:0000287 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix[FMA]. a narrowed, thickened, lymphoid-rich caecal apex [Fisher 2000]. SCTID:181255000 UBERON:0001154 UBERON:FMA_14542-MA_0001540-MIAA_0000287 VHOG:0001306 apex of cecum appendix vermiformis appendix vermiformis caecal appendix galen:AppendixVermiformis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gray536.png/200px-Gray536.png ncithesaurus:Vermiform_Appendix uberon vermiform appendix vermix MA FMA:14542 FMA:TA appendix vermiformis Wikipedia FMA:14542 Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix[FMA]. a narrowed, thickened, lymphoid-rich caecal apex [Fisher 2000]. Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix appendix vermiformis FMA colon AAO:0010400 BTO:0000269 EFO:0000361 EHDAA2:0000779 EMAPA:18939 EV:0100079 FMA:14543 GAID:309 Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a> MA:0000335 MAP:0000001 MAT:0000526 MESH:A.03.492.411.495.356 OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302508007 TAO:0000706 TODO: abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates UBERON:0001155 UBERON:FMA_14543-FMA_7201-MA_0000333-MA_0000335-MAP_0000001-MIAA_0000046-XAO_0000131-XAO_0000243-ZFA_0000706 VHOG:0000648 XAO:0000243 ZFA:0000706 galen:Colon hindgut large bowel ncithesaurus:Colon posterior intestine posterior intestine - zebrafish uberon Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a> Wikipedia:Colon_(anatomy) ZFIN:curator FMA FMA ascending colon BTO:0000270 EFO:0000843 FMA:14545 MA:0001541 MAT:0000311 MIAA:0000311 Note that in MA, this is a subclass of colon OpenCyc:Mx4rv3H0FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ part which is continuous with the cecum proximally and the transverse colon distally.[FMA] SCTID:362162009 UBERON:0001156 UBERON:FMA_14545-MA_0001541-MIAA_0000311 colon ascendens galen:AscendingColon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg/200px-Dickdarm-Schema.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ascending_Colon uberon FMA:FMA Organ part which is continuous with the cecum proximally and the transverse colon distally.[FMA] Wikipedia:Ascending_colon FMA Wikipedia:Ascending_colon colon ascendens Wikipedia transverse colon BTO:0000272 EFO:0000844 FMA:14546 MA:0001543 MAT:0000312 MIAA:0000312 OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7qyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362163004 The transverse colon the longest and most movable part of the colon, passes with a downward convexity from the right hypochondrium region across the abdomen, opposite the confines of the epigastric and umbilical zones, into the left hypochondrium region, where it curves sharply on itself beneath the lower end of the spleen, forming the splenic or left colic flexure. The right colic flexure is adjacent to the liver. In its course, it describes an arch, the concavity of which is directed backward and a little upward; toward its splenic end there is often an abrupt U-shaped curve which may descend lower than the main curve. It is almost completely invested by peritoneum, and is connected to the inferior border of the pancreas by a large and wide duplicature of that membrane, the transverse mesocolon. It is in relation, by its upper surface, with the liver and gall-bladder, the greater curvature of the stomach, and the lower end of the spleen; by its under surface, with the small intestine; by its anterior surface, with the anterior layers of the greater omentum and the abdominal parietes; its posterior surface is in relation from right to left with the descending portion of the duodenum, the head of the pancreas, and some of the convolutions of the jejunum and ileum. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001157 UBERON:FMA_14546-MA_0001543-MIAA_0000312 colon transversum galen:TransverseColon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg/200px-Dickdarm-Schema.svg.png ncithesaurus:Transverse_Colon uberon FMA The transverse colon the longest and most movable part of the colon, passes with a downward convexity from the right hypochondrium region across the abdomen, opposite the confines of the epigastric and umbilical zones, into the left hypochondrium region, where it curves sharply on itself beneath the lower end of the spleen, forming the splenic or left colic flexure. The right colic flexure is adjacent to the liver. In its course, it describes an arch, the concavity of which is directed backward and a little upward; toward its splenic end there is often an abrupt U-shaped curve which may descend lower than the main curve. It is almost completely invested by peritoneum, and is connected to the inferior border of the pancreas by a large and wide duplicature of that membrane, the transverse mesocolon. It is in relation, by its upper surface, with the liver and gall-bladder, the greater curvature of the stomach, and the lower end of the spleen; by its under surface, with the small intestine; by its anterior surface, with the anterior layers of the greater omentum and the abdominal parietes; its posterior surface is in relation from right to left with the descending portion of the duodenum, the head of the pancreas, and some of the convolutions of the jejunum and ileum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Transverse_colon Wikipedia Wikipedia:Transverse_colon colon transversum descending colon BTO:0000641 EFO:0000845 FMA:14547 MA:0001542 MAT:0000313 MIAA:0000313 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHsNhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362165006 The descending colon of humans passes downward through the left hypochondrium and lumbar regions, along the lateral border of the left kidney. At the lower end of the kidney it turns medialward toward the lateral border of the psoas muscle, and then descends, in the angle between psoas and quadratus lumborum, to the crest of the ilium, where it ends in the sigmoid colon. The peritoneum covers its anterior surface and sides, and therefore the descending colon is described as retroperitoneal. (The transverse colon and sigmoid colon, which are immediately proximal and distal, are intraperitoneal). Its posterior surface is connected by areolar tissue with the lower and lateral part of the left kidney, the aponeurotic origin of the transversus abdominis, and the quadratus lumborum. It is smaller in caliber and more deeply placed than the ascending colon. It has a mesentery in 33% of people, and is therefore more frequently covered with peritoneum on its posterior surface than the ascending colon (which has a mesentery in 25% of people). However, it is less likely to undergo volvulus than the ascending colon. In front of it are some coils of small intestine. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001158 UBERON:FMA_14547-MA_0001542-MIAA_0000313 colon descendens galen:DescendingColon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gray1223.png/200px-Gray1223.png ncithesaurus:Descending_Colon uberon FMA The descending colon of humans passes downward through the left hypochondrium and lumbar regions, along the lateral border of the left kidney. At the lower end of the kidney it turns medialward toward the lateral border of the psoas muscle, and then descends, in the angle between psoas and quadratus lumborum, to the crest of the ilium, where it ends in the sigmoid colon. The peritoneum covers its anterior surface and sides, and therefore the descending colon is described as retroperitoneal. (The transverse colon and sigmoid colon, which are immediately proximal and distal, are intraperitoneal). Its posterior surface is connected by areolar tissue with the lower and lateral part of the left kidney, the aponeurotic origin of the transversus abdominis, and the quadratus lumborum. It is smaller in caliber and more deeply placed than the ascending colon. It has a mesentery in 33% of people, and is therefore more frequently covered with peritoneum on its posterior surface than the ascending colon (which has a mesentery in 25% of people). However, it is less likely to undergo volvulus than the ascending colon. In front of it are some coils of small intestine. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Descending_colon Wikipedia:Descending_colon colon descendens Wikipedia sigmoid colon BTO:0000645 EFO:0000846 FMA:14548 MAT:0000314 MESH:A.03.492.411.495.356.668 MIAA:0000314 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHX_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362166007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001159 UBERON:FMA_14548-MIAA_0000314 colon sigmoideum galen:SigmoidColon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg/200px-Dickdarm-Schema.svg.png ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Colon pelvic colon sigmoid colon sigmoid flexure the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. uberon Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon colon sigmoideum Wikipedia FMA fundus of stomach BTO:0000502 EFO:0002554 EHDAA2:0001919 EHDAA:4844 FMA:14559 GAID:320 MA:0001612 MESH:A.03.492.766.419 SCTID:362139007 The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch, and contains the fundic glands[GO, Kardong]. UBERON:0001160 UBERON:FMA_14559-MA_0001612 VHOG:0000421 fundus gastricus fundus gastricus (ventricularis) fundus gastricus ventricularis fundus ventricularis fundus ventriculi galen:GastricFundus gastric fundus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png ncithesaurus:Fundus_of_the_Stomach stomach fundus uberon BTO:0000502 fundus gastricus GO:0014825 ISBN10:0073040584 The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch, and contains the fundic glands[GO, Kardong]. Wikipedia:Fundus_%28stomach%29 BTO:0000502 fundus gastricus ventricularis BTO:0000502 fundus ventricularis BTO:0000502 fundus ventriculi body of stomach BTO:0000505 FMA:14560 MA:0002559 Note that we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. UBERON:0001161 UBERON:FMA_14560-MA_0002559 corpus gastricum corpus gastricum (ventriculare) corpus ventriculare corpus ventriculi galen:GastricCorpus gastric body gastric corpus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png ncithesaurus:Body_of_Stomach stomach body uberon BTO:0000505 corpus gastricum GO:0014845 The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach corpus gastricum FMA BTO:0000505 corpus ventriculi BTO:0000505 corpus ventriculare cardia of stomach BTO:0000198 Editor notes: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands. Boundary notes: There were previously conflicting statements in the academic anatomy community[10][11][12] over whether the cardia is part of the stomach, part of the esophagus or a distinct entity. Modern surgical and medical textbooks have agreed that "The gastric cardia is now clearly considered to be part of the stomach"[13][14]. Classical anatomy textbooks, and some other resources[15], describe the cardia as the first of 4 regions of the stomach. This makes sense histologically because the mucosa of the cardia is the same as that of the stomach[WP]. FMA:14561 GAID:319 MA:0001609 MESH:A.03.492.766.163 The opening of the esophagus into the stomach; also: the part of the stomach adjoining this opening[BTO]. The cardia is the anatomical term for the part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP] UBERON:0001162 UBERON:0004712 UBERON:FMA_14561-MA_0001609 antrum cardiacum cardiac orifice cardiac region cardiac sphincter cardial orifice cardial part of stomach esophageal sphincter esophageal sphincter%2c lower esophageal-cardiac junction esophagogastric junction gastric cardia gastro-esophageal junction gastro-esophageal sphincter gastro-oesophageal junction gastroesophageal junction gastroesophageal sphincter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg/200px-Illu_stomach.jpg lower esophageal sphincter ncithesaurus:Cardia pars cardiaca (gaster) pars cardiaca gastricae stomach cardiac region uberon Wikipedia:Cardia gastro-esophageal sphincter MA:0001609 stomach cardiac region Wikipedia:Cardia esophageal sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia cardiac region Wikipedia:Cardia antrum cardiacum FMA:14561 FMA:TA pars cardiaca gastricae Wikipedia:Cardia gastroesophageal junction Wikipedia:Cardia esophagogastric junction Wikipedia:Cardia esophageal sphincter%2c lower Wikipedia:Cardia lower esophageal sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia cardial orifice Wikipedia:Cardia cardiac sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia gastro-oesophageal junction Wikipedia:Cardia gastro-esophageal junction BTO:0000198 The opening of the esophagus into the stomach; also: the part of the stomach adjoining this opening[BTO]. The cardia is the anatomical term for the part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP] Wikipedia:Cardia Wikipedia:Cardia gastroesophageal sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia cardiac orifice Wikipedia:Cardia esophageal-cardiac junction lesser curvature of stomach FMA:14572 MA:0001616 SCTID:362133008 The lesser curvature of the stomach, extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach. It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm, and then, turning to the right, it crosses the first lumbar vertebra and ends at the pylorus. Nearer its pyloric than its cardiac end is a well-marked notch, the incisura angularis, which varies somewhat in position with the state of distension of the viscus; it serves to separate the stomach into a right and a left portion. The lesser curvature gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery and the right gastric branch of the hepatic artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001163 UBERON:FMA_14572-MA_0001616 galen:LesserCurvatureOfStomach http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png ncithesaurus:Lesser_Curvature stomach lesser curvature uberon The lesser curvature of the stomach, extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach. It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm, and then, turning to the right, it crosses the first lumbar vertebra and ends at the pylorus. Nearer its pyloric than its cardiac end is a well-marked notch, the incisura angularis, which varies somewhat in position with the state of distension of the viscus; it serves to separate the stomach into a right and a left portion. The lesser curvature gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery and the right gastric branch of the hepatic artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lesser_curvature_of_stomach FMA greater curvature of stomach FMA:14574 MA:0001615 SCTID:362134002 The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward, and is four or five times as long as the lesser curvature. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001164 UBERON:FMA_14574-MA_0001615 galen:GreaterCurvatureOfStomach http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png ncithesaurus:Greater_Curvature stomach greater curvature uberon The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward, and is four or five times as long as the lesser curvature. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Greater_curvature_of_stomach FMA pyloric antrum BTO:0001732 EFO:0002555 EMAPA:17891 EMAPA:18919 FMA:14579 GAID:332 MA:0001624 MESH:A.03.492.766.716 Pyloric antrum (antrum, lesser cul-de-sac) is the initial portion of the pyloric part of the stomach. It is near the bottom of the stomach on the left side of the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum. It may temporarily become partially or completely shut off from the remainder of the stomach during digestion by peristaltic contraction of the prepyloric sphincter; it is demarcated, sometimes, from the second part of the pyloric part of the stomach by a slight groove. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:362142001 UBERON:0001165 UBERON:FMA_14579-MA_0001624 antrum of Willis antrum of stomach antrum pylori antrum pyloricum galen:PyloricAntrum gastric antrum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png ncithesaurus:Antrum_Pylori stomach antrum stomach pyloric antrum uberon Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum antrum pyloricum BTO:0001732 antrum pyloricum FMA BTO:0001732 gastric antrum BTO:0001732 antrum pylori BTO:0001732 antrum of Willis Pyloric antrum (antrum, lesser cul-de-sac) is the initial portion of the pyloric part of the stomach. It is near the bottom of the stomach on the left side of the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum. It may temporarily become partially or completely shut off from the remainder of the stomach during digestion by peristaltic contraction of the prepyloric sphincter; it is demarcated, sometimes, from the second part of the pyloric part of the stomach by a slight groove. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum Wikipedia pylorus BTO:0001146 EHDAA2:0001580 EHDAA:4860 EMAPA:17631 EMAPA:18915 Editor notes: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands FMA:14581 GAID:333 MA:0002560 MESH:A.03.492.766.799 SCTID:362143006 The region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. It is divided in two parts: the pyloric antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach. the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum. The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal and lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from celiac ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001166 UBERON:FMA_14581-MA_0002560 VHOG:0000420 galen:Pylorus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png ncithesaurus:Pylorus pars pylorica gastricae pyloric part of stomach pyloric region stomach pyloric region uberon valvula pylori Wikipedia:Pylorus valvula pylori EHDAA2:0001580 stomach pyloric region FMA:14581 FMA:TA pars pylorica gastricae The region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. It is divided in two parts: the pyloric antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach. the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum. The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal and lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from celiac ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pylorus wall of stomach An anatomical wall that is part of a stomach [Obol]. FMA:14582 MA:0002692 SCTID:279995000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001167 UBERON:FMA_14582-MA_0002692 anatomical wall of stomach anatomical wall of ventriculus galen:WallOfStomach gastric wall stomach anatomical wall stomach wall uberon ventriculus anatomical wall ventriculus wall wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of stomach OBOL:automatic wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic ventriculus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic ventriculus wall OBOL:automatic stomach anatomical wall An anatomical wall that is part of a stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic wall of small intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. FMA:14615 MA:0002696 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001168 UBERON:FMA_14615-MA_0002696 anatomical wall of small bowel anatomical wall of small intestine small bowel anatomical wall small bowel wall small intestinal wall small intestine anatomical wall small intestine wall uberon wall of small bowel OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of small intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of small bowel OBOL:automatic small bowel anatomical wall OBOL:automatic small intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic small bowel wall OBOL:automatic wall of small bowel wall of large intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. FMA:14619 MA:0002695 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001169 UBERON:FMA_14619-MA_0002695 anatomical wall of large intestine large intestinal wall large intestine anatomical wall large intestine wall uberon OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of large intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic large intestine anatomical wall mesentery of small intestine FMA:14643 MA:0001555 SCTID:245456008 UBERON:0001170 UBERON:FMA_14643-MA_0001555 mesentery (proper) mesentery proper small intestinal mesentery small intestine mesentery the peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. uberon Obol:automatic small intestine mesentery Wikipedia:Mesentery mesentery (proper) FMA:14643 small intestinal mesentery Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28proper.29 the peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. FMA FMA:14643 mesentery proper portal lobule FMA:14653 MA:0002498 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001171 UBERON:FMA_14653-MA_0002498 ncithesaurus:Portal_Lobule the triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. uberon MP:0008992 the triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. hepatic acinus FMA:14654 MA:0002496 SCTID:272214009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001172 UBERON:FMA_14654-MA_0002496 liver acinus ncithesaurus:Liver_Acinus portal acinus uberon FMA biliary tree AAO:0011020 FMA:14665 GAID:279 Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consists of the bile ducts[FMA]. MA:0001273 MESH:A.03.159 SCTID:181267003 UBERON:0001173 UBERON:FMA_14665-XAO_0000455 XAO:0000455 biliary tract ncithesaurus:Biliary_Tract uberon FMA:14665 Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consists of the bile ducts[FMA]. Wikipedia:Biliary_tract common bile duct EHDAA2:0000303 EHDAA:3981 EMAPA:17201 FMA:14667 GAID:282 MA:0001631 MESH:A.03.159.183.079.300 SCTID:362199009 TAO:0005165 UBERON:0001174 UBERON:FMA_14667-MA_0001631 VHOG:0000214 ZFA:0005165 a tube-like anatomic structure in the human gastrointestinal tract. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (from the gall bladder). It is later joined by the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater. There, the two ducts are surrounded by the muscular sphincter of Oddi. ductus choledochus ductus choledochus (biliaris) galen:CommonBileDuct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png ncithesaurus:Common_Bile_Duct uberon Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct a tube-like anatomic structure in the human gastrointestinal tract. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (from the gall bladder). It is later joined by the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater. There, the two ducts are surrounded by the muscular sphincter of Oddi. Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct ductus choledochus common hepatic duct EMAPA:19101 FMA:14668 GAID:286 MA:0002660 MESH:A.03.159.183.079.600 Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. SCTID:245403006 TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part UBERON:0001175 UBERON:FMA_14668-ZFA_0001100 VHOG:0000220 ductus hepaticus communis hepatic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg/200px-Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg ncithesaurus:Common_Hepatic_Duct uberon definitional Wikipedia MA FMA Wikipedia Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct ductus hepaticus communis Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct ZFIN:curator right hepatic duct EHDAA2:0001727 EHDAA:3992 EMAPA:18305 EMAPA:19100 FMA:14669 MA:0001639 SCTID:245401008 The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001176 UBERON:FMA_14669-MA_0001639 VHOG:0000217 ncithesaurus:Right_Hepatic_Duct uberon The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26034 left hepatic duct EHDAA2:0000941 EHDAA:3990 EMAPA:18304 EMAPA:19099 FMA:14670 MA:0001638 SCTID:245400009 The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. UBERON:0001177 UBERON:FMA_14670-MA_0001638 VHOG:0000218 ncithesaurus:Left_Hepatic_Duct uberon The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26035 visceral peritoneum FMA:14703 SCTID:362702003 TAO:0005132 The peritoneum that covers the external surfaces of most abdominal organs. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001178 UBERON:FMA_14703-ZFA_0005132 VHOG:0001528 ZFA:0005132 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1040.png/200px-Gray1040.png uberon The peritoneum that covers the external surfaces of most abdominal organs. Wikipedia:Visceral_peritoneum ZFIN:curator peritoneal cavity BTO:0001782 Cavity of serous sac surrounded by the peritoneum.[FMA] EHDAA2:0001446 EMAPA:18452 EMAPA:18454 EMAPA:18461 FMA:14704 GAID:24 MA:0000054 MESH:A.01.047.025.600.678 SCTID:181616008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001179 UBERON:FMA_14704-MA_0000054 VHOG:0000852 cavitas peritonealis cavitas peritonealis; saccus serosus peritonei ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Cavity uberon Cavity of serous sac surrounded by the peritoneum.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity cavitas peritonealis; saccus serosus peritonei BTO:0001782 cavitas peritonealis Wikipedia superior recess of lesser sac AO notes: classified as a cavity in EHDAA2, organ segment in FMA. We hedge and use a union EHDAA2:0001958 EHDAA:2343 EMAPA:18049 FMA:14708 MA:0000447 SCTID:263190002 UBERON:0001180 UBERON:0006299 UBERON:FMA_14708-MA_0000447 recessus superior bursae omentalis recessus superior omentalis superior omental bursa superior recess superior recess of omental bursa uberon FMA:14708 FMA:TA recessus superior bursae omentalis EMAPA EHDAA2:0001958 superior recess FMA:TA recessus superior bursae omentalis FMA:14708 superior recess of omental bursa EHDAA2 FMA:14708 recessus superior omentalis FMA:14708 superior omental bursa inferior recess of lesser sac EHDAA2:0000825 EHDAA:6083 EMAPA:18048 FMA:14709 MA:0000446 SCTID:263261002 UBERON:0001181 UBERON:0006249 UBERON:FMA_14709-MA_0000446 inferior omental bursa inferior recess inferior recess of omental bursa recessus inferior bursae omentalis recessus inferior omentalis uberon EHDAA2:0000825 inferior recess FMA:14709 FMA:TA recessus inferior bursae omentalis FMA:14709 inferior recess of omental bursa FMA:14709 recessus inferior omentalis FMA:TA recessus inferior bursae omentalis FMA:14709 inferior omental bursa superior mesenteric artery BTO:0002303 EHDAA2:0001949 EHDAA:3358 EHDAA:5313 EMAPA:18619 FMA:14749 GAID:502 In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002005 MESH:A.07.231.114.565.755 OpenCyc:Mx4rwE5KipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362048004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001182 UBERON:FMA_14749-MA_0002005 VHOG:0000754 arteria mesenterica superior galen:SuperiorMesentericArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray1099.png/200px-Gray1099.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Artery superior mesenteric arterial tree uberon In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery BTO:0002303 arteria mesenterica superior Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery arteria mesenterica superior Wikipedia inferior mesenteric artery BTO:0002302 EHDAA2:0000817 EHDAA:4345 EMAPA:18618 FMA:14750 GAID:501 In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002004 MESH:A.07.231.114.565.510 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-t-S5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181341006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001183 UBERON:FMA_14750-MA_0002004 VHOG:0001116 arteria mesenterica inferior galen:InferiorMesentericArtery inferior mesenteric arterial tree ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery BTO:0002302 arteria mesenterica inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery arteria mesenterica inferior renal artery AAO:0010223 BTO:0001165 EFO:0002552 EHDAA2:0004100 EHDAA:5321 EHDAA:8594 EMAPA:17862 EMAPA:28373 FMA:14751 GAID:507 MA:0002035 MESH:A.07.231.114.745 OpenCyc:Mx4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001600 SCTID:181339005 TAO:0000420 The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001184 UBERON:FMA_14751-MA_0002035-ZFA_0000420 ZFA:0000420 arteria renalis galen:RenalArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray1120.png/200px-Gray1120.png ncithesaurus:Renal_Artery renal arterial tree renal arteries uberon The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Renal_artery Wikipedia:Renal_artery arteria renalis right renal artery FMA:14752 MA:0002037 OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0KgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:36800007 The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001185 UBERON:FMA_14752-MA_0002037 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray1120.png/200px-Gray1120.png ncithesaurus:Right_Renal_Artery right renal arterial tree uberon The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Right_renal_artery left renal artery FMA:14753 MA:0002036 OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0agEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:19215005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001186 UBERON:FMA_14753-MA_0002036 left renal arterial tree ncithesaurus:Left_Renal_Artery uberon testicular artery EMAPA:18621 FMA:14758 MA:0002063 SCTID:244281003 The testicular artery (the male gonadal artery, also called the internal spermatic arteries in older texts) is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the testis. It is a paired artery, with one for each of the testes. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian artery. Because the testis is found in a different location than that of its female equivalent, it has a different course than the ovarian artery. They are two slender vessels of considerable length, and arise from the front of the aorta a little below the renal arteries. Each passes obliquely downward and lateralward behind the peritoneum, resting on the Psoas major, the right spermatic lying in front of the inferior vena cava and behind the middle colic and ileocolic arteries and the terminal part of the ileum, the left behind the left colic and sigmoid arteries and the iliac colon. Each crosses obliquely over the ureter and the lower part of the external iliac artery to reach the abdominal inguinal ring, through which it passes, and accompanies the other constituents of the spermatic cord along the inguinal canal to the scrotum, where it becomes tortuous, and divides into several branches. Two or three of these accompany the ductus deferens, and supply the epididymis, anastomosing with the artery of the ductus deferens; others pierce the back part of the tunica albuginea, and supply the substance of the testis. The internal spermatic artery supplies one or two small branches to the ureter, and in the inguinal canal gives one or two twigs to the Cremaster. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001187 UBERON:FMA_14758-MA_0002063 arteria testicularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png testicular arterial tree uberon The testicular artery (the male gonadal artery, also called the internal spermatic arteries in older texts) is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the testis. It is a paired artery, with one for each of the testes. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian artery. Because the testis is found in a different location than that of its female equivalent, it has a different course than the ovarian artery. They are two slender vessels of considerable length, and arise from the front of the aorta a little below the renal arteries. Each passes obliquely downward and lateralward behind the peritoneum, resting on the Psoas major, the right spermatic lying in front of the inferior vena cava and behind the middle colic and ileocolic arteries and the terminal part of the ileum, the left behind the left colic and sigmoid arteries and the iliac colon. Each crosses obliquely over the ureter and the lower part of the external iliac artery to reach the abdominal inguinal ring, through which it passes, and accompanies the other constituents of the spermatic cord along the inguinal canal to the scrotum, where it becomes tortuous, and divides into several branches. Two or three of these accompany the ductus deferens, and supply the epididymis, anastomosing with the artery of the ductus deferens; others pierce the back part of the tunica albuginea, and supply the substance of the testis. The internal spermatic artery supplies one or two small branches to the ureter, and in the inguinal canal gives one or two twigs to the Cremaster. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Testicular_artery Wikipedia:Testicular_artery arteria testicularis right testicular artery FMA:14759 MA:0002042 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001188 UBERON:FMA_14759-MA_0002042 ncithesaurus:Right_Spermatic_Artery right spermatic artery trunk of right testicular arterial tree uberon left testicular artery FMA:14760 MA:0002041 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001189 UBERON:FMA_14760-MA_0002041 left spermatic artery ncithesaurus:Left_Spermatic_Artery trunk of left testicular arterial tree uberon ovarian artery EMAPA:18620 FMA:14761 In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdominal cavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002012 OpenCyc:Mx4rwOa9PZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244280002 UBERON:0001190 UBERON:FMA_14761-MA_0002012 arteria ovarica http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gray1170.png/200px-Gray1170.png ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Artery ovarian arterial tree uberon Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery arteria ovarica In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdominal cavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery common iliac artery BTO:0004665 EHDAA2:0000311 EHDAA:2553 EMAPA:17310 FMA:14764 MA:0001972 OpenCyc:Mx4rvkZ7ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362050007 The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001191 UBERON:FMA_14764-MA_0001972 XAO:0000361 arteria iliaca communis common iliac arterial tree http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Iliac_artery_bifurcation_and_aorta.PNG/200px-Iliac_artery_bifurcation_and_aorta.PNG ncithesaurus:Common_Iliac_Artery uberon The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery arteria iliaca communis left gastric artery FMA:14768 In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery, and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Branches also supply the lower esophagus. The left gastric artery anastomoses with the right gastric artery, which supplies the inferior portion. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001961 OpenCyc:Mx4rwMjqKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244267000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001192 UBERON:FMA_14768-MA_0001961 arteria gastrica sinistra galen:LeftGastricArtery gastric artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray532.png/200px-Gray532.png ncithesaurus:Gastric_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery, and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Branches also supply the lower esophagus. The left gastric artery anastomoses with the right gastric artery, which supplies the inferior portion. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Left_gastric_artery Wikipedia:Left_gastric_artery arteria gastrica sinistra hepatic artery . BTO:0004307 EMAPA:17859 FMA:14769 GAID:496 MA:0001963 MESH:A.07.231.114.407 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzKtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:76015000 TAO:0005161 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001193 UBERON:FMA_14769-MA_0001963 ZFA:0005161 galen:HepaticArtery ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Artery uberon . Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper splenic artery EMAPA:19216 FMA:14773 GAID:510 In anatomy, the splenic artery (in the past called the lienal artery) is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001991 MESH:A.07.231.114.814 OpenCyc:Mx4rv0cb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244266009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001194 UBERON:FMA_14773-MA_0001991 arteria splenica, arteria lienalis galen:SplenicArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gray1188.png/200px-Gray1188.png lienal artery ncithesaurus:Splenic_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Splenic_artery arteria splenica, arteria lienalis In anatomy, the splenic artery (in the past called the lienal artery) is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Splenic_artery inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery FMA:14805 MA:0002014 SCTID:244273004 The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum. It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum, and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001195 UBERON:FMA_14805-MA_0002014 arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery ncithesaurus:Inferior_Pancreatico-duodenal_artery uberon The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum. It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum, and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery Wikipedia:Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores middle colic artery FMA:14810 MA:0002007 SCTID:244276007 The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers’ breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001196 UBERON:FMA_14810-MA_0002007 arteria colica media galen:MiddleColicArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gray537.png/200px-Gray537.png ncithesaurus:Middle_Colic_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery arteria colica media The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers’ breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery ileocolic artery FMA:14815 MA:0001970 SCTID:244279000 The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001197 UBERON:FMA_14815-MA_0001970 arteria ileocolica galen:IleocolicArtery ncithesaurus:Ileo-colic_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery arteria ileocolica The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery superior suprarenal artery Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:14863 MA:0002057 SCTID:303424001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001198 UBERON:FMA_14863-MA_0002057 arteriae suprarenales superiores http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray1121.png/200px-Gray1121.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Suprarenal_Artery superior adrenal branch of inferior phrenic artery superior suprarenal branch of inferior phrenic artery uberon Wikipedia:Superior_suprarenal_artery arteriae suprarenales superiores Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_suprarenal_artery mucosa of stomach BTO:0001308 FMA:14907 GAID:321 MA:0002683 MESH:A.03.492.766.440 Magenschleimhaut OpenCyc:Mx8NhB4rvcD6KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362131005 The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001199 UBERON:FMA_14907-MA_0002683 galen:GastricMucosa gastric mucosa gastric mucous membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Illu_stomach2.jpg/200px-Illu_stomach2.jpg mucosa of organ of stomach mucosa of organ of ventriculus mucosa of ventriculus mucous membrane of stomach mucous membrane of ventriculus ncithesaurus:Gastric_Mucosa organ mucosa of stomach organ mucosa of ventriculus stomach mucosa stomach mucosa of organ stomach mucous membrane stomach organ mucosa tunica mucosa (gaster) tunica mucosa gastricae tunica mucosa gastris uberon ventriculus mucosa ventriculus mucosa of organ ventriculus mucous membrane ventriculus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach OBOL:automatic ventriculus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic ventriculus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach mucous membrane Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa tunica mucosa gastris BTO:0001308 tunica mucosa gastris OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach FMA:14907 FMA:TA tunica mucosa gastricae OBOL:automatic mucosa of ventriculus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ventriculus OBOL:automatic ventriculus mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ventriculus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ventriculus OBOL:automatic stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ventriculus organ mucosa The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa BTO:0001308 Magenschleimhaut submucosa of stomach A submucosa that is part of a stomach [Obol]. BTO:0002110 FMA:14908 MA:0002685 SCTID:52459002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001200 UBERON:FMA_14908-MA_0002685 gastric submucosa ncithesaurus:Gastric_Submucosa stomach submucosa submucosa of ventriculus tela submucosa (gaster) uberon ventriculus submucosa A submucosa that is part of a stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ventriculus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of ventriculus serosa of stomach A serous membrane that is part of a wall of stomach [Obol]. FMA:14914 MA:0001626 SCTID:1353004 TODO - check serosa/peritoneum UBERON:0001201 UBERON:FMA_14914-MA_0001626 anatomical wall of stomach serosa anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane gastric serosa gastric wall serosa gastric wall serous membrane serosa of anatomical wall of stomach serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa of gastric wall serosa of stomach anatomical wall serosa of stomach wall serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall serosa of ventriculus wall serosa of wall of stomach serosa of wall of ventriculus serous coat of stomach serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane of gastric wall serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall serous membrane of stomach wall serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane of ventriculus wall serous membrane of wall of stomach serous membrane of wall of ventriculus stomach anatomical wall serosa stomach anatomical wall serous membrane stomach serosa stomach wall serosa stomach wall serous membrane tunica serosa (gaster) tunica serosa gastricae uberon ventriculus anatomical wall serosa ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane ventriculus wall serosa ventriculus wall serous membrane visceral peritoneum of stomach wall of stomach serosa wall of stomach serous membrane wall of ventriculus serosa wall of ventriculus serous membrane OBOL:automatic ventriculus wall serosa OBOL:automatic stomach wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic stomach anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall OBOL:automatic ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic ventriculus wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of stomach OBOL:automatic wall of stomach serous membrane OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of stomach OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic wall of stomach serosa OBOL:automatic serosa of gastric wall OBOL:automatic stomach anatomical wall serosa OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic serosa of ventriculus wall A serous membrane that is part of a wall of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic wall of ventriculus serous membrane OBOL:automatic ventriculus anatomical wall serosa OBOL:automatic serosa of stomach wall OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of stomach serosa OBOL:automatic gastric wall serosa OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of stomach wall OBOL:automatic gastric wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of ventriculus wall OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of stomach OBOL:automatic stomach wall serosa OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach FMA:14914 FMA:TA tunica serosa gastricae OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gastric wall OBOL:automatic wall of ventriculus serosa OBOL:automatic serosa of stomach anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus pyloric sphincter A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. AAO:0011093 EMAPA:19251 FMA:14916 MA:0002952 OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:268073008 UBERON:0001202 UBERON:FMA_14916-XAO_0000457 VHOG:0001466 XAO:0000457 ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Sphincter pyloric valve uberon Wikipedia:Pylorus pyloric valve A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. UBERON:cjm muscularis mucosae of stomach FMA:14924 MA:0002684 SCTID:64551004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001203 UBERON:FMA_14924-MA_0002684 lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(gaster) lamina muscularis of gastric mucosa muscular coat of stomach stomach muscularis mucosa tunica muscularis gastricae uberon FMA:14924 FMA:TA tunica muscularis gastricae mucosa of small intestine A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. BTO:0001259 FMA:14933 MA:0002686 SCTID:362144000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001204 UBERON:FMA_14933-MA_0002686 mucosa of organ of small bowel mucosa of organ of small intestine mucosa of small bowel mucous membrane of small bowel mucous membrane of small intestine ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Mucosa organ mucosa of small bowel organ mucosa of small intestine small bowel mucosa small bowel mucosa of organ small bowel mucous membrane small bowel organ mucosa small intestinal mucosa small intestine mucosa small intestine mucosa of organ small intestine mucous membrane small intestine organ mucosa tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue) tunica mucosa intestini tenuis uberon OBOL:automatic small intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of small intestine OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of small bowel OBOL:automatic small bowel organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of small bowel A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel mucous membrane FMA:14933 FMA:TA tunica mucosa intestini tenuis OBOL:automatic mucosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic small intestine mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic small bowel mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic small bowel mucosa submucosa of small intestine . FMA:14934 MA:0001562 SCTID:691000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001205 UBERON:FMA_14934-MA_0001562 ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Submucosa small bowel submucosa small intestinal submucosa small intestine submucosa submucosa of small bowel tela submucosa (intestinum tenue) uberon . Wikipedia:Small_intestinal_submucosa OBOL:automatic small bowel submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of small bowel serosa of small intestine A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. FMA:14938 MA:0001558 SCTID:8266009 TODO - check serosa/peritoneum UBERON:0001206 UBERON:FMA_14938-MA_0001558 serosa of small bowel serous coat of small intestine serous membrane of small bowel serous membrane of small intestine small bowel serosa small bowel serous membrane small intestinal serosa small intestine serosa small intestine serous membrane tunica serosa (intestinum tenue) tunica serosa intestini tenuis uberon visceral peritoneum of small intestine OBOL:automatic serous membrane of small bowel OBOL:automatic small bowel serosa OBOL:automatic small bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of small intestine FMA:14938 FMA:TA tunica serosa intestini tenuis OBOL:automatic small intestine serous membrane A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic serosa of small bowel mucosa of large intestine A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. FMA:14969 MA:0002688 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001207 UBERON:FMA_14969-MA_0002688 large intestinal mucosa large intestine mucosa large intestine mucosa of organ large intestine mucous membrane large intestine organ mucosa mucosa of organ of large intestine mucous membrane of large intestine ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Mucosa organ mucosa of large intestine tunica mucosa intestini crassi uberon A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14969 FMA:TA tunica mucosa intestini crassi OBOL:automatic large intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic large intestine mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of large intestine OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of large intestine OBOL:automatic large intestine mucosa of organ submucosa of large intestine A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. BTO:0002111 FMA:14970 MA:0002690 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001208 UBERON:FMA_14970-MA_0002690 large intestinal submucosa large intestine submucosa ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Submucosa uberon A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic serosa of large intestine A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. FMA:14975 MA:0001546 TODO - check serosa/peritoneum UBERON:0001209 UBERON:FMA_14975-MA_0001546 large intestinal serosa large intestine serosa large intestine serous membrane serous coat of large intestine serous membrane of large intestine tunica serosa intestini crassi uberon visceral peritoneum of large intestine A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14975 FMA:TA tunica serosa intestini crassi OBOL:automatic large intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of large intestine muscularis mucosae of small intestine FMA:15051 MA:0002687 SCTID:36401004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001210 UBERON:FMA_15051-MA_0002687 lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(intestinum tenue) lamina muscularis of small intestine mucous membrane ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Muscularis_Mucosa small intestine muscularis mucosa uberon Peyer's patch AO notes: FMA has [set of?] [aggregated,small] lymphoid [follice,nodule] of [colon, SI, I, etc] - Pp is a syn for Aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine; but MA uses Pp as covering both SI and LI. MA also includes follicle as a part BTO:0001784 EFO:0001381 EMAPA:19028 GAID:950 MA:0000137 MESH:A.10.549.598 UBERON:0001211 UBERON:FMA_15054-MA_0000137 aggregated lymphoid follicle of intestine aggregated lymphoid nodule aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the lowest portion of the small intestine ileum in humans; as such, they differentiate the ileum from the duodenum and jejunum // nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine. ncithesaurus:Mouse_Peyer_s_Patches noduli lymphoidei aggregati intestini tenuis uberon FMA:76466 FMA:TA noduli lymphoidei aggregati intestini tenuis Wikipedia:Peyer's_patch aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the lowest portion of the small intestine ileum in humans; as such, they differentiate the ileum from the duodenum and jejunum // nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine. duodenal gland BTO:0002376 Brunner's gland FMA:15060 GAID:314 MA:0001551 MESH:A.03.492.411.620.270.322 SCTID:41298001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001212 UBERON:FMA_15060-MA_0001551 compound tubular submucosal glands found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. gland of Brunner glandula duodenales glandula duodenales Brunneri ncithesaurus:Brunner_s_Gland uberon Wikipedia:Brunner's_glands compound tubular submucosal glands found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. BTO:0002376 glandula duodenales Brunner's gland FMA:15060 BTO:0002376 glandula duodenales Brunneri FMA:15060 gland of Brunner FMA MA-inferred intestinal villus BTO:0003121 Editor notes: we assume the MA class belongs here as the intestinal villi are part of the small intestine. This may need checked for ZFA. Note the BTO class refers to a generic villous FMA:15072 MA:0001563 SCTID:23230007 TAO:0005125 Tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall[WP] UBERON:0001213 UBERON:0007607 UBERON:FMA_15072-ZFA_0005125 ZFA:0005125 enteric villi enteric villous enteric villus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/200px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg intestinal villi ncithesaurus:Villus small intestine villus uberon villi intestinales villi intestinales villus villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) FMA:15072 villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) HP:0011473 enteric villus Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus villi intestinales villi intestinales HP:0011473 enteric villous Tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall[WP] Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus FMA BTO:0003121 villus ZFA:0005125 intestinal villi MA:0001563 small intestine villus HP:0011473 enteric villi ZFA FMA FMA pancreatic tributary of splenic vein FMA:15388 MA:0002189 SCTID:264492008 The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001214 UBERON:FMA_15388-MA_0002189 ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Vein pancreatic vein uberon FMA/obol The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pancreatic_vein inferior mesenteric vein BTO:0002782 EHDAA2:0000819 EHDAA:8712 EMAPA:18642 FMA:15391 In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine. It usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002178 OpenCyc:Mx4rvcV53ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:281055007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001215 UBERON:FMA_15391-MA_0002178 VHOG:0001118 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png lower mesenteric vein ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Vein uberon vena mesenterica inferior In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine. It usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein vena mesenterica inferior FMA/obol BTO:0002782 lower mesenteric vein jejunal vein FMA:15402 MA:0002153 The jejunal veins are tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001216 UBERON:FMA_15402-MA_0002153 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png uberon venae jejunales FMA/obol The jejunal veins are tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins venae jejunales ileal vein FMA:15405 MA:0002140 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001217 UBERON:FMA_15405-MA_0002140 ncithesaurus:Ileal_Vein uberon FMA/obol middle colic vein FMA:15406 MA:0002181 OpenCyc:Mx4rvywYIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:9018004 The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001218 UBERON:FMA_15406-MA_0002181 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png uberon vena colica media vena colica media (intermedia) The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein FMA/obol Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein vena colica media ileocolic vein FMA:15408 MA:0002141 SCTID:36208008 The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001219 UBERON:FMA_15408-MA_0002141 ncithesaurus:Ileocolic_Vein uberon vena ileocolica The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein vena ileocolica FMA/obol quadratus lumborum EMAPA:18524 FMA:15569 MA:0002362 OpenCyc:Mx4rvj1wcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The Quadratus lumborum is irregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001220 UBERON:FMA_15569-MA_0002362 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray1124.png/200px-Gray1124.png muscle of posterior abdominal wall ncithesaurus:Quadratus_Lumborum uberon The Quadratus lumborum is irregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Quadratus_lumborum_muscle Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae dbpedia Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae dbpedia transversus abdominis EHDAA2:0002078 EHDAA:8254 EMAPA:18165 FMA:15570 MA:0002396 The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. It is thought to be a major muscle of the functional core of the human body; although some argue that due to its small cross-sectional area, it cannot generate the forces required to be a prime core stabilizer. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001221 UBERON:FMA_15570-MA_0002396 VHOG:0000845 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg musculus transversus abdominis ncithesaurus:Transversus_Abdominis transverse abdominal uberon The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. It is thought to be a major muscle of the functional core of the human body; although some argue that due to its small cross-sectional area, it cannot generate the forces required to be a prime core stabilizer. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis FMA:15570 FMA:TA musculus transversus abdominis right ureter A ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. FMA:15571 MA:0001685 SCTID:276251000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001222 UBERON:FMA_15571-MA_0001685 ncithesaurus:Right_Ureter uberon A ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic left ureter A ureter that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. FMA:15572 MA:0001684 SCTID:276340002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001223 UBERON:FMA_15572-MA_0001684 ncithesaurus:Left_Ureter uberon A ureter that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic renal pelvis EMAPA:17948 FMA:15575 GAID:426 In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter MA:0000374 MESH:A.05.810.453.537 SCTID:362221007 UBERON:0001224 UBERON:FMA_15575-MA_0000374 funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney. galen:RenalPelvis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Illu_kidney2.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney2.jpg kidney pelvis ncithesaurus:Renal_Pelvis p. renallis pelvis of ureter uberon FMA Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis p. renallis MA Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney. cortex of kidney BTO:0001166 EHDAA:9332 EMAPA:17952 FMA:15581 GAID:424 MA:0000372 MESH:A.05.810.453.324 Region of parenchyma of kidney representing the outer portion.[FMA] SCTID:362211004 UBERON:0001225 UBERON:FMA_15581-MA_0000372 cortex renalis galen:CortexOfKidney http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney.jpg kidney cortex ncithesaurus:Renal_Cortex renal cortex uberon FMA:15581 FMA:TA cortex renalis FMA FMA:FMA Region of parenchyma of kidney representing the outer portion.[FMA] Wikipedia:Renal_cortex major calyx EMAPA:18677 FMA:15613 MA:0001644 SCTID:1106008 The major calyx, in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into a minor calyx then into major calyx before passing through the renal pelvis into the ureter. Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the pelvis and ureters to the bladder. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001226 UBERON:FMA_15613-MA_0001644 calices renales majores http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png major calix uberon The major calyx, in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into a minor calyx then into major calyx before passing through the renal pelvis into the ureter. Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the pelvis and ureters to the bladder. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Major_calyx Wikipedia:Major_calyx calices renales majores minor calyx EMAPA:18678 FMA:15614 MA:0001645 SCTID:26293004 The minor calyx, in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into the minor calyx then into the major calyx. Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the pelvis and ureters to the bladder. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001227 UBERON:FMA_15614-MA_0001645 calices renales minores http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png minor calix uberon The minor calyx, in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into the minor calyx then into the major calyx. Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the pelvis and ureters to the bladder. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Minor_calyx Wikipedia:Minor_calyx calices renales minores renal papilla BTO:0003925 FMA:15622 In the kidney, the renal papilla is the location where the Medullary pyramids empty urine into the renal pelvis. Histologically it is marked by medullary collecting ducts converging to channel the fluid. Transitional epithelium begins to be seen. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002730 MESH:A.05.810.453.466 SCTID:362214007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001228 UBERON:FMA_15622-MA_0002730 galen:RenalPapilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png kidney papilla ncithesaurus:Renal_Papilla uberon MP:0011303 kidney papilla In the kidney, the renal papilla is the location where the Medullary pyramids empty urine into the renal pelvis. Histologically it is marked by medullary collecting ducts converging to channel the fluid. Transitional epithelium begins to be seen. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Renal_papilla renal corpuscle BTO:0000333 EMAPA:28236 EV:0100385 FMA:15625 In the kidney, a renal corpuscle is the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a small tuft of capillaries containing two cell types. Endothelial cells, which have large fenestrae, are not covered by diaphragms. Mesangial cells are modified smooth muscle cells that lie between the capillaries and the glomerulus. They regulate blood flow by their contractile activity and secrete extracellular matrix, prostaglandins, and cytokines. Mesangial cells also have phagocytic activity, removing proteins and other molecules trapped in the glomerular basement membrane or filtration barrier. The Bowman's capsule has an outer parietal layer composed of simple squamous epithelium. The visceral layer, composed of modified simple squamous epithelium, is lined by podocytes. Podocytes have foot processes, pedicels, that wrap around glomerular capillaries. These pedicels interdigitate with pedicels of adjacent podocytes forming filtration slits. The renal corpuscle filtration barrier is composed of: the fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, the fused basal lamina of endothelial cells and podocytes, and the filtration slits of the podocytes. This barrier permits passage of water, ions, and small molecules from the bloodstream into Bowman's space (the space between the visceral and parietal layers). Large and/or negatively charged proteins are prevented from passing into Bowman's space, thus retaining these proteins in the circulation. The basal lamina is composed of 3 layers: lamina rara externa, lamina densa, and lamina rara interna. The lamina rara externa is adjacent to the podocyte processes. The lamina densa is the central layer consisting of type IV collagen and laminin. This layer acts as a selective macromolecular filter, preventing the passage of large protein molecules into Bowman's space. The lamina rara intena is adjacent to endothelial cells. This layer contains heparan sulfate, a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan that contributes to the electrostatic barrier of the glomerular filter. There are two poles in the renal corpuscle, a vascular pole, and a urinary pole. The vascular pole is where the afferent and efferent arterioles communicate with the glomerulus. The urinary pole is where the corpuscle opens into the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule. Fluid from blood in the glomerulus is collected in the Bowman's capsule to form 'glomerular filtrate', which is then further processed along the nephron to form urine. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000376 Malpighian corpuscle SCTID:361329009 TAO:0005281 Together, the Bowmans capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron UBERON:0001229 UBERON:FMA_15625-MA_0000376 VHOG:0001262 ZFA:0005281 corpusculum renale corpusculum renis cortical renal corpuscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Renal_corpuscle.svg/200px-Renal_corpuscle.svg.png malphighian corpuscle malphigian corpuscle ncithesaurus:Renal_Corpuscle uberon Malpighian corpuscle ZFA:0005281 Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle corpusculum renis In the kidney, a renal corpuscle is the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a small tuft of capillaries containing two cell types. Endothelial cells, which have large fenestrae, are not covered by diaphragms. Mesangial cells are modified smooth muscle cells that lie between the capillaries and the glomerulus. They regulate blood flow by their contractile activity and secrete extracellular matrix, prostaglandins, and cytokines. Mesangial cells also have phagocytic activity, removing proteins and other molecules trapped in the glomerular basement membrane or filtration barrier. The Bowman's capsule has an outer parietal layer composed of simple squamous epithelium. The visceral layer, composed of modified simple squamous epithelium, is lined by podocytes. Podocytes have foot processes, pedicels, that wrap around glomerular capillaries. These pedicels interdigitate with pedicels of adjacent podocytes forming filtration slits. The renal corpuscle filtration barrier is composed of: the fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, the fused basal lamina of endothelial cells and podocytes, and the filtration slits of the podocytes. This barrier permits passage of water, ions, and small molecules from the bloodstream into Bowman's space (the space between the visceral and parietal layers). Large and/or negatively charged proteins are prevented from passing into Bowman's space, thus retaining these proteins in the circulation. The basal lamina is composed of 3 layers: lamina rara externa, lamina densa, and lamina rara interna. The lamina rara externa is adjacent to the podocyte processes. The lamina densa is the central layer consisting of type IV collagen and laminin. This layer acts as a selective macromolecular filter, preventing the passage of large protein molecules into Bowman's space. The lamina rara intena is adjacent to endothelial cells. This layer contains heparan sulfate, a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan that contributes to the electrostatic barrier of the glomerular filter. There are two poles in the renal corpuscle, a vascular pole, and a urinary pole. The vascular pole is where the afferent and efferent arterioles communicate with the glomerulus. The urinary pole is where the corpuscle opens into the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule. Fluid from blood in the glomerulus is collected in the Bowman's capsule to form 'glomerular filtrate', which is then further processed along the nephron to form urine. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle glomerular capsule AAO:0010526 BTO:0002297 Bowman's capsule Bowmans capsule EMAPA:27973 EMAPA:28257 FMA:15626 KUPO:0001001 MA:0001660 One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman’s capsule[GUDMAP] SCTID:361331000 TAO:0005254 TAO:0005310 The Bowman's capsule is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001230 UBERON:FMA_15626-MA_0001660 ZFA:0005254 ZFA:0005310 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1130.svg/200px-Gray1130.svg.png ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Capsule uberon The Bowman's capsule is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Bowman%27s_capsule Bowman's capsule http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron Bowmans capsule KUPO:0001001 nephron tubule An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. BTO:0000343 EFO:0003666 EMAPA:27782 EV:0100387 FMA:15627 GAID:433 MA:0000377 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.560 SCTID:361332007 TAO:0001287 UBERON:0001231 UBERON:0004210 UBERON:FMA_15627-ZFA_0001287 ZFA:0001287 kidney tubule ncithesaurus:Renal_Tubule note that in ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong", the uriniferous tubule contains the nephron, so we have a separate class, rather than using a synonym, as in MA renal tubule tubulus renalis uberon uriniferous tubule MA:0000377 uriniferous tubule GO GAID:433 kidney tubule checkme An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. GO:0072078 Wikipedia:Renal_tubule collecting duct of renal tubule BTO:0000761 EMAPA:28407 EV:0100391 FMA:15628 GAID:434 MA:0000371 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.560.510 SCTID:28202009 TAO:0005294 The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient UBERON:0001232 UBERON:FMA_15628-MA_0000371 ZFA:0005294 collecting duct collecting duct system collecting tubule kidney collecting duct note that in ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong", the nephron is adjacent to the collecting tubule, consistent with FMA, but not GO renal collecting tubule tubulus renalis colligens uberon GO checkme FMA BTO:0000761 collecting duct system FMA:15628 renal collecting tubule GO:0072044 collecting duct GO:0072044 The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient right adrenal gland FMA:15629 MA:0000719 SCTID:281625001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001233 UBERON:FMA_15629-MA_0000719 ncithesaurus:Right_Adrenal_Gland right suprarenal gland uberon left adrenal gland FMA:15630 MA:0000718 SCTID:281626000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001234 UBERON:FMA_15630-MA_0000718 left suprarenal gland ncithesaurus:Left_Adrenal_Gland uberon adrenal cortex AAO:0011009 BTO:0000045 EFO:0000237 EMAPA:18427 EV:0100136 FMA:15632 GAID:447 MA:0000118 MAT:0000494 MESH:A.06.407.071.140 SCTID:362584002 Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. [WP,unvetted]. Taxon notes: Kardong states that mammals are the first to have distinct cortext and medulla, but this contradicts XAO UBERON:0001235 UBERON:FMA_15632-MA_0000118-XAO_0000165 VHOG:0001481 XAO:0000165 adrenal gland cortex cortex (glandula suprarenalis) cortex glandulae suprarenalis cortex of adrenal gland cortex of suprarenal gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Cortex suprarenal suprarenal cortex uberon Wikipedia BTO:0000045 cortex glandulae suprarenalis Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Adrenal_cortex Wikipedia:Adrenal_cortex cortex glandulae suprarenalis adrenal medulla AAO:0011010 BTO:0000049 EFO:0000852 EMAPA:18428 EV:0100137 FMA:15633 GAID:451 MA:0000119 MAT:0000495 MESH:A.06.224.161 SCTID:362585001 The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, the adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001236 UBERON:FMA_15633-MA_0000119-XAO_0000166 VHOG:0001378 XAO:0000166 adrenal gland medulla chromaffin cells http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png medulla (glandula suprarenalis) medulla glandulae suprarenalis medulla of adrenal gland medulla of glandula suprarenalis medulla of suprarenal gland ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Medulla suprarenal medulla uberon Kardong UBERONREF:0000002 FMA:15633 FMA:TA medulla glandulae suprarenalis BTO:0000049 medulla of glandula suprarenalis The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, the adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Adrenal_medulla OBOL:automatic medulla of adrenal gland paraaortic body . EMAPA:18223 FMA:15647 GAID:444 MA:0001137 MESH:A.06.224.636 SCTID:276159005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001237 UBERON:FMA_15647-MA_0001137 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png ncithesaurus:Paraaortic organ of zuckerkandl para-aortic body paraganglia of zuckerkandl paraganglion of Zuckerkandl uberon FMA . Wikipedia:Organ_of_Zuckerkandl EMAPA:18223 paraganglion of Zuckerkandl lamina propria of small intestine FMA:15651 Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. MA:0001554 SCTID:63588008 UBERON:0001238 UBERON:FMA_15651-MA_0001554 lamina propria mucosa of small bowel lamina propria mucosa of small intestine lamina propria mucosae of small bowel lamina propria mucosae of small intestine lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine lamina propria of small bowel ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria small bowel lamina propria small bowel lamina propria mucosa small bowel lamina propria mucosae small intestine lamina propria small intestine lamina propria mucosa small intestine lamina propria mucosae uberon GOC:Obol Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of small bowel OBOL:automatic small bowel lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic small intestine lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic small bowel lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of small intestine OBOL:automatic lamina propria of small bowel OBOL:automatic small bowel lamina propria OBOL:automatic small intestine lamina propria mucosa muscularis mucosae of large intestine FMA:15655 MA:0002689 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001239 UBERON:FMA_15655-MA_0002689 lamina muscularis of large intestine mucosa lamina muscularis of large intestine mucous membrane large intestine muscularis mucosa ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Muscularis_Mucosa uberon muscularis mucosae of intestine FMA:15691 MA:0002694 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001240 UBERON:FMA_15691-MA_0002694 intestine muscularis mucosa uberon crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine A crypt of lieberkuhn that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. FMA:15693 MA:0001552 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001241 UBERON:FMA_15693-MA_0001552 crypt of lieberkuhn of small bowel crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine intestinal gland of small bowel intestinal gland of small intestine lieberkuhn crypt of small bowel lieberkuhn crypt of small intestine ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Crypt_of_Lieberkuhn small bowel crypt of lieberkuhn small bowel intestinal gland small bowel lieberkuhn crypt small intestinal crypt of Lieberkuhn small intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn small intestine crypt of lieberkuhn small intestine intestinal gland small intestine lieberkuhn crypt uberon OBOL:automatic small intestine lieberkuhn crypt OBOL:automatic lieberkuhn crypt of small bowel A crypt of lieberkuhn that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intestinal gland of small intestine OBOL:automatic small intestine intestinal gland OBOL:automatic small bowel crypt of lieberkuhn OBOL:automatic small bowel lieberkuhn crypt OBOL:automatic crypt of lieberkuhn of small bowel OBOL:automatic small intestine crypt of lieberkuhn OBOL:automatic intestinal gland of small bowel OBOL:automatic crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine OBOL:automatic lieberkuhn crypt of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel intestinal gland intestinal mucosa BTO:0000642 FMA:15695 GAID:296 MA:0001537 MESH:A.03.492.411.369 SCTID:362080002 The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479) UBERON:0001242 UBERON:FMA_15695-MA_0001537 bowel mucosa bowel mucosa of organ bowel mucous membrane bowel organ mucosa intestine mucosa intestine mucosa of organ intestine mucous membrane intestine organ mucosa mucosa of bowel mucosa of intestine mucosa of organ of bowel mucosa of organ of intestine mucous membrane of bowel mucous membrane of intestine ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Mucosa organ mucosa of bowel organ mucosa of intestine uberon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intestine OBOL:automatic intestine mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bowel OBOL:automatic bowel organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intestine OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bowel MESH:A.03.492.411.369 The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479) OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intestine OBOL:automatic intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bowel mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bowel OBOL:automatic intestine mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bowel mucosa OBOL:automatic bowel mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of bowel serosa of intestine A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Obol]. FMA:15701 MA:0001538 TODO - check serosa/peritoneum UBERON:0001243 UBERON:FMA_15701-MA_0001538 anatomical wall of bowel serosa anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane anatomical wall of intestine serosa anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane bowel anatomical wall serosa bowel anatomical wall serous membrane bowel wall serosa bowel wall serous membrane intestinal serosa intestinal wall serosa intestinal wall serous membrane intestine anatomical wall serosa intestine anatomical wall serous membrane intestine serosa intestine wall serosa intestine wall serous membrane serosa of anatomical wall of bowel serosa of anatomical wall of intestine serosa of bowel anatomical wall serosa of bowel wall serosa of intestinal wall serosa of intestine anatomical wall serosa of intestine wall serosa of wall of bowel serosa of wall of intestine serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall serous membrane of bowel wall serous membrane of intestinal wall serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall serous membrane of intestine wall serous membrane of wall of bowel serous membrane of wall of intestine uberon visceral peritoneum of intestine wall of bowel serosa wall of bowel serous membrane wall of intestine serosa wall of intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic wall of bowel serosa OBOL:automatic bowel anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of intestine OBOL:automatic serosa of intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine OBOL:automatic serous membrane of intestine wall OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of bowel OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of intestine OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of intestine OBOL:automatic bowel wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of intestine serosa OBOL:automatic wall of intestine serosa OBOL:automatic serosa of intestine wall OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of bowel OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic wall of intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic intestine wall serosa OBOL:automatic serous membrane of intestinal wall OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of bowel OBOL:automatic serosa of bowel wall OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of bowel serosa OBOL:automatic serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall OBOL:automatic intestinal wall serosa OBOL:automatic wall of bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of bowel wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serosa of intestinal wall A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic serosa of bowel anatomical wall OBOL:automatic intestine anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic intestine wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic intestinal wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic intestine anatomical wall serosa OBOL:automatic bowel wall serosa OBOL:automatic bowel anatomical wall serosa internal anal sphincter EMAPA:18266 FMA:15710 MA:0001534 The Sphincter ani internus (or internal anal sphincter) is a muscular ring which surrounds about 2.5 cm of the anal canal; its inferior border is in contact with, but quite separate from, the Sphincter ani externus. It is about 5 mm thick, and is formed by an aggregation of the involuntary circular fibers of the intestine. Its lower border is about 6 mm from the orifice of the anus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001244 UBERON:FMA_15710-MA_0001534 circular layer of anal muscularis externa circular layer of muscularis externa of anal canal circular layer of muscularis propria of anal canal circular muscle layer of anal canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray1079.png/200px-Gray1079.png ncithesaurus:Internal_Anal_Sphincter uberon MA The Sphincter ani internus (or internal anal sphincter) is a muscular ring which surrounds about 2.5 cm of the anal canal; its inferior border is in contact with, but quite separate from, the Sphincter ani externus. It is about 5 mm thick, and is formed by an aggregation of the involuntary circular fibers of the intestine. Its lower border is about 6 mm from the orifice of the anus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_anal_sphincter anus BTO:0001680 EV:0100082 FBbt:00001893 FBbt:00003148 FMA:15711 GAID:312 MA:0000331 MESH:A.03.492.411.495.767.288 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. SCTID:181262009 TADS:0000066 TGMA:0001279 Taxon notes: In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html UBERON:0001245 UBERON:FMA_15711-MA_0000331-ZFA_0000066 WBbt:0005364 anal orifice galen:Anus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Anorectum.gif/200px-Anorectum.gif ncithesaurus:Anus proctodeum uberon Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. Wikipedia:Anus ZFIN:curator interlobular bile duct FMA:15767 MA:0002668 SCTID:83488001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001246 UBERON:FMA_15767-MA_0002668 ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Bile_Duct the canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. uberon FMA FMA MP:0009500 the canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. falciform ligament EHDAA2:0000499 EHDAA:4856 EMAPA:18288 EMAPA:18908 FMA:15823 In FMA this is a subclass of mesentery. In MA it is a subclass of ligament, we infer and assert this is a nonskeletal ligament MA:0001622 SCTID:362705001 UBERON:0001247 UBERON:FMA_15823-MA_0001622 VHOG:0000355 a ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a broad and thin antero-posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and backward. It is a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus. It is situated in an antero-posterior plane but lies obliquely, so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm and the posterior surface of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins[WP]. falciform ligament of liver ligamentum falciforme (hepatis) ligamentum falciforme hepatis ncithesaurus:Falciform_Ligament uberon MA Wikipedia:Falciform_ligament a ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a broad and thin antero-posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and backward. It is a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus. It is situated in an antero-posterior plane but lies obliquely, so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm and the posterior surface of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins[WP]. FMA:15823 FMA:TA ligamentum falciforme hepatis MA-propagated hilum of spleen EMAPA:19303 FMA:15841 MA:0002670 SCTID:245377005 The splenic hilum is a location on the surface of the spleen. It is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament, and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001248 UBERON:FMA_15841-MA_0002670 hilum lienale hilum splenicum hilum splenicum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gray1188.png/200px-Gray1188.png ncithesaurus:Splenic_Hilum spleen hilum splenic hilum uberon The splenic hilum is a location on the surface of the spleen. It is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament, and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Splenic_hilum FMA:15841 FMA:TA hilum splenicum FMA:15841 FMA:TA hilum lienale Wikipedia:Splenic_hilum hilum splenicum spleen lymphoid follicle MA:0002672 Malpighian body SCTID:35845000 UBERON:0001249 UBERON:0003969 lymphatic follicle of spleen lymphoid follicle of spleen lymphoid nodule of spleen ncithesaurus:Splenic_Lymphoid_Follicle spleen B cell follicle spleen lymphoid follicle spleen lymphoid nodule splenic B cell follicle splenic lymphatic follicle splenic lymphoid follicle the area of the white pulp where the affinity maturation of B cells and the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells occur uberon CL:tm splenic B cell follicle FMA:15843 lymphatic follicle of spleen FMA:15843 splenic lymphatic follicle FMA:15843 Malpighian body MA:0002672 spleen lymphoid follicle MA:0002672 spleen lymphoid nodule FMA FMA:15843 lymphoid follicle of spleen CL:tm spleen B cell follicle FMA CL:tm MP:0008470 https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/6 the area of the white pulp where the affinity maturation of B cells and the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells occur FMA:15843 lymphoid nodule of spleen CL:tm MA red pulp of spleen FMA:15844 MA:0000756 Red pulp of the spleen is composed of connective tissue known as the cords of Billroth and many splenic sinuses that are engorged with blood, giving it a red color. Its primary function is to filter the blood of antigens, microorganisms, and defective or worn-out red blood cells. The spleen is made of red pulp and white pulp, separated by the marginal zone; 76-79% of a normal spleen is red pulp. Unlike white pulp, which mainly contains lymphocytes such as T cells, red pulp is made up of several different types of blood cells, including platelets, granulocytes, red blood cells, and plasma. SCTID:27579002 UBERON:0001250 UBERON:FMA_15844-MA_0000756 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1191.png/200px-Gray1191.png ncithesaurus:Splenic_Red_Pulp pulpa rubra pulpa splenica red pulp spleen red pulp splenic red pulp uberon Wikipedia:Red_pulp pulpa splenica FMA:15844 FMA:TA pulpa rubra Red pulp of the spleen is composed of connective tissue known as the cords of Billroth and many splenic sinuses that are engorged with blood, giving it a red color. Its primary function is to filter the blood of antigens, microorganisms, and defective or worn-out red blood cells. The spleen is made of red pulp and white pulp, separated by the marginal zone; 76-79% of a normal spleen is red pulp. Unlike white pulp, which mainly contains lymphocytes such as T cells, red pulp is made up of several different types of blood cells, including platelets, granulocytes, red blood cells, and plasma. Wikipedia:Red_pulp marginal zone of spleen FMA:15852 MA:0000755 UBERON:0001251 UBERON:FMA_15852-MA_0000755 WP says - (Some sources consider it to be the part of red pulp which borders on the white pulp, while other sources consider it to be neither red pulp nor white pulp.) - we use the adjacency relation here so it overlaps neither. FMA considers this an anatomical line. Not to be confused with: Marginal zone of spleen (e.g. AAO:0010448 marginal zone) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1191.png/200px-Gray1191.png junctional zone of spleen marginal zone ncithesaurus:Marginal_Zone region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen. spleen marginal zone uberon Wikipedia:Marginal_zone region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen. Wikipedia:Marginal_zone marginal zone adventitia of ureter EMAPA:28114 FMA:15892 MA:0002652 SCTID:392273001 SCTID:47879001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001252 UBERON:FMA_15892-MA_0002652 external adventitia of ureter uberon ureter adventitia ureteral adventitia lamina propria of ureter A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Obol]. EMAPA:28841 FMA:15896 MA:0002653 SCTID:2771005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001253 UBERON:FMA_15896-MA_0002653 lamina propria mucosa of ureter lamina propria mucosae of ureter uberon ureter lamina propria ureter lamina propria mucosa ureter lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic ureter lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of ureter OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of ureter A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ureter lamina propria mucosae urothelium of ureter FMA:15897 MA:0002655 MA:0002656 TODO - check MP UBERON:0001254 UBERON:FMA_15897-MA_0002655 the luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder transitional epithelium of ureter uberon ureter transitional epithelium ureter urothelium MP:0000535 the luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder urinary bladder AAO:0000623 BTO:0001418 EFO:0000290 EHDAA2:0000174 EHDAA:9328 EMAPA:18321 EV:0100098 FMA:15900 GAID:0000004 MA:0000380 MAT:0000122 MESH:A.05.810.161 MIAA:0000122 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the right and left ureters and distally with the urethra. SCTID:302512001 UBERON:0001255 UBERON:FMA_15900-FMA_7203-MA_0000368-MA_0000380-MIAA_0000118-MIAA_0000119-MIAA_0000122-WBbt_0005775-XAO_0000154-ZFA_0000529 VHOG:0000740 XAO:0000154 bladder editor note: consider adding a 'bladder' grouping class excretory canal galen:UrinaryBladder http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_system.svg/200px-Urinary_system.svg.png ncithesaurus:Bladder uberon vesica urinaria Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder vesica urinaria FMA:15900 Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the right and left ureters and distally with the urethra. Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder FMA wall of urinary bladder An anatomical wall that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. BTO:0001462 FMA:15902 MA:0002493 SCTID:362225003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001256 UBERON:FMA_15902-MA_0002493 anatomical wall of bladder anatomical wall of urinary bladder bladder anatomical wall bladder wall ncithesaurus:Bladder_Wall uberon urinary bladder anatomical wall urinary bladder wall wall of bladder OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of urinary bladder An anatomical wall that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bladder anatomical wall OBOL:automatic bladder wall OBOL:automatic urinary bladder anatomical wall OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of bladder OBOL:automatic wall of bladder trigone of urinary bladder FMA:15910 Lieutaud's trigone MA:0002492 SCTID:272663002 The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill. Embryologically, the trigone of the Bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts. In the Female the mesonephric ducts break down but, thus, the Trigone of the Bladder is less prominent but, still present. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001257 UBERON:FMA_15910-MA_0002492 deep trigone galen:TrigoneOfUrinaryBladder http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg/200px-Illu_bladder.jpg musculus trigoni vesicae profundus ncithesaurus:Bladder_Trigone trigone of bladder trigonum vesicae trigonum vesicae urinariae uberon urinary bladder trigone vesical trigone Wikipedia:Trigone_of_urinary_bladder trigonum vesicae urinariae The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill. Embryologically, the trigone of the Bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts. In the Female the mesonephric ducts break down but, thus, the Trigone of the Bladder is less prominent but, still present. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Trigone_of_urinary_bladder FMA:15910 FMA:TA musculus trigoni vesicae profundus FMA:15910 FMA:TA trigonum vesicae neck of urinary bladder FMA:15912 MA:0002491 SCTID:362227006 The neck of the urinary bladder is the portion of the urinary bladder adjacent to the prostate gland in men. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001258 UBERON:FMA_15912-MA_0002491 bladder neck cervix vesicae cervix vesicae urinariae collum vesicae galen:UrinaryBladderNeck http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray1156.png/200px-Gray1156.png ncithesaurus:Bladder_Neck neck of bladder uberon urinary bladder neck vesical neck FMA:15912 FMA:TA cervix vesicae FMA:15912 FMA:TA collum vesicae Wikipedia:Neck_of_urinary_bladder cervix vesicae urinariae The neck of the urinary bladder is the portion of the urinary bladder adjacent to the prostate gland in men. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Neck_of_urinary_bladder mucosa of urinary bladder A mucosa that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. EFO:0000293 FMA:15928 MA:0001692 SCTID:362224004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001259 UBERON:FMA_15928-MA_0001692 bladder mucosa bladder mucosa of organ bladder mucous membrane bladder organ mucosa galen:MucousMembraneOfUrinaryBladder mucosa of bladder mucosa of organ of bladder mucosa of organ of urinary bladder mucous membrane of bladder mucous membrane of urinary bladder ncithesaurus:Bladder_Mucosa organ mucosa of bladder organ mucosa of urinary bladder tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria) tunica mucosa vesicae uberon urinary bladder mucosa urinary bladder mucosa of organ urinary bladder mucous membrane urinary bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic urinary bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder mucosa of organ FMA:15928 FMA:TA tunica mucosa vesicae FMA:15928 FMA:TA tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria) OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bladder OBOL:automatic bladder mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder mucous membrane serosa of urinary bladder A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. EMAPA:28661 FMA:15932 MA:0001696 SCTID:5868002 TODO - check serosa/peritoneum UBERON:0001260 UBERON:FMA_15932-MA_0001696 bladder serosa bladder serous membrane serosa of bladder serous coat of bladder serous coat of urinary bladder serous membrane of bladder serous membrane of urinary bladder tunica serosa (vesica urinaria) tunica serosa vesicae uberon urinary bladder serosa urinary bladder serous membrane visceral peritoneum of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic serous membrane of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic serous membrane of bladder OBOL:automatic bladder serous membrane FMA:15932 FMA:TA tunica serosa vesicae A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:15932 FMA:TA tunica serosa (vesica urinaria) OBOL:automatic urinary bladder serous membrane lamina propria of urinary bladder A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. EMAPA:30088 FMA:15935 MA:0001695 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001261 UBERON:FMA_15935-MA_0001695 bladder lamina propria bladder lamina propria mucosa bladder lamina propria mucosae lamina propria mucosa of bladder lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae of bladder lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder lamina propria of bladder ncithesaurus:Bladder_Lamina_Propria uberon urinary bladder lamina propria urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bladder OBOL:automatic bladder lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic bladder lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic bladder lamina propria OBOL:automatic lamina propria of bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa wall of intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Obol]. BTO:0000647 FMA:15949 MA:0002693 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001262 UBERON:FMA_15949-MA_0002693 anatomical wall of bowel anatomical wall of intestine bowel anatomical wall bowel wall intestinal wall intestine anatomical wall intestine wall uberon wall of bowel OBOL:automatic wall of bowel OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of bowel OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of intestine OBOL:automatic intestine anatomical wall An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bowel wall OBOL:automatic bowel anatomical wall pancreatic acinus BTO:0000028 FMA:16011 MA:0002417 SCTID:247604006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001263 UBERON:FMA_16011-MA_0002417 acinus pancreaticus ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Acinus pancreas acinus pancreatic acini the secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. uberon MA pancreatic acini FMA MP:0009145 the secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. FMA pancreas AAO:0010112 An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1–2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans[PMID]. BTO:0000988 EFO:0000855 EHDAA2:0001367 EHDAA:6893 EMAPA:17503 EMAPA:18816 EV:0100092 FMA:7198 GAID:334 MA:0000120 MAT:0000075 MESH:A.03.734 MIAA:0000075 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181277001 TAO:0000140 UBERON:0001264 UBERON:FMA_16017-FMA_16018-FMA_7198-MA_0000120-MA_0001582-MA_0002415-MIAA_0000075-XAO_0000136-XAO_0000137-ZFA_0000140-ZFA_0001249-ZFA_0001260 VHOG:0000050 XAO:0000136 ZFA:0000140 galen:Pancreas http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Illu_pancrease.svg/200px-Illu_pancrease.svg.png ncithesaurus:Pancreas taxon notes: As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) [PMID:20959416] uberon An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1–2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans[PMID]. GO:0031016 PMID:16417468 Wikipedia:Pancreas Wikipedia Wikipedia trabecula of spleen FMA:16027 MA:0000758 SCTID:61987002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001265 UBERON:FMA_16027-MA_0000758 ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecula spleen trabeculum splenic trabecula uberon FMA splenic cord A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis. FMA:16031 MA:0002671 UBERON:0001266 UBERON:FMA_16031-MA_0002671 cord of Billroth cord of Bilroth ncithesaurus:Splenic_Cord uberon A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis. Wikipedia:Cords_of_Billroth Wikipedia:Cords_of_Billroth cord of Billroth FMA:16031 cord of Bilroth MA femoral nerve EHDAA2:0000507 EHDAA:5655 FMA:16486 GAID:850 MA:0001167 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.450.250 OpenCyc:Mx4rwGC03JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181051004 The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. It descends through the fibers of the Psoas major, emerging from the muscle at the lower part of its lateral border, and passes down between it and the Iliacus, behind the iliac fascia; it then runs beneath the inguinal ligament, into the thigh, and splits into an anterior and a posterior division. Under the inguinal ligament, it is separated from the femoral artery by a portion of the Psoas major. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001267 UBERON:FMA_16486-MA_0001167 VHOG:0001411 anterior crural nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray823.png/200px-Gray823.png ncithesaurus:Femoral_Nerve nervus femoralis uberon The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. It descends through the fibers of the Psoas major, emerging from the muscle at the lower part of its lateral border, and passes down between it and the Iliacus, behind the iliac fascia; it then runs beneath the inguinal ligament, into the thigh, and splits into an anterior and a posterior division. Under the inguinal ligament, it is separated from the femoral artery by a portion of the Psoas major. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Femoral_nerve Wikipedia:Femoral_nerve nervus femoralis peritoneal fluid BTO:0001031 FMA:16515 MA:0002531 Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity.[FMA] UBERON:0001268 UBERON:FMA_16515-MA_0002531 ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Fluid uberon FMA:FMA Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity.[FMA] Wikipedia:Peritoneal_fluid acetabular part of hip bone AAO:0000770 EHDAA:10661 FMA:16579 GAID:206 In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets.[WP] Note that whilst WP defines this as a surface, MA treats it as a bone. There are other FMA classes that may be better suited to representing the surface. MA:0001335 MESH:A.02.835.232.611.108 OpenCyc:Mx4rwJlP9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001427 SCTID:182027007 The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001269 UBERON:FMA_16579-MA_0001335 acetabulum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg/200px-Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg ncithesaurus:Acetabulum uberon The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Acetabulum FMA FMA bony pelvis FMA:16580 In humans, the ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls. SCTID:46633002 UBERON:0001270 UBERON:FMA_16580-MA_0000532 in FMA, this is part of the axial skeletal system. todo: add taxon-specific part of relations connecting sub-structures to this. uberon In humans, the ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bony+pelvis FMA pelvic girdle region FMA:16581 Note that this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list SCTID:360010001 Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions. UBERON:0001271 UBERON:FMA_16581-MA_0000293-MIAA_0000182-XAO_0003064-ZFA_0000565 girdle - pelvic ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Girdle pelvic girdle uberon FMA:16581 Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.22617/full https://groups.google.com/d/topic/obo-anatomy/h4R4xKmINrw/discussion pelvic girdle pelvic bone FMA:16585 GAID:205 MESH:A.02.835.232.611 SCTID:361776002 The hip bone first appears in fishes, where it consists of a simple, usually triangular bone, to which the pelvic fin articulates. The hip bones on each side usually connect with each other at the forward end, and are even solidly fused in lungfishes and sharks, but they never attach to the vertebral column[WP] The hip bone, innominate bone or coxal bone is a large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. It has one of the few ball and socket synovial joints in the body – the so called hip joint. It meets its fellow on the opposite side in the middle line in front, and together they form the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic cavity. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001272 UBERON:FMA_16585-ZFA_0000623 basipterygium bone of pelvic girdle coxal bone hip bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray341.png/200px-Gray341.png innominate bone ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Bone os coxae os coxae/os ilium uberon Wikipedia:Hip_bone os coxae/os ilium FMA FMA FMA:16585 FMA:TA os coxae The hip bone, innominate bone or coxal bone is a large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. It has one of the few ball and socket synovial joints in the body – the so called hip joint. It meets its fellow on the opposite side in the middle line in front, and together they form the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic cavity. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Hip_bone ilium AAO:0000772 EFO:0003049 FMA:16589 GAID:207 MA:0001336 MESH:A.02.835.232.611.434 Note that this is_a hip bone in MA. Taxon notes: All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium[WP] OpenCyc:Mx4rvhwFJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182029005 The ilium is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. UBERON:0001273 UBERON:FMA_16589-MA_0001336 galen:Ilium ncithesaurus:Ilium os iliacum os ilii uberon FMA cjm MA VSAO The ilium is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. Wikipedia:Ilium_(bone) MA ischium AAO:0000860 Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium. FMA:16592 GAID:208 MA:0001337 MESH:A.02.835.232.611.548 Note that this is_a hip bone in MA; in FMA it is a zone of bone organ. OpenCyc:Mx4rvlzMKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182025004 UBERON:0001274 UBERON:FMA_16592-MA_0001337 VSAO:0005006 galen:Ischium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg/200px-Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg ncithesaurus:Ischium os ischii uberon Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium. VSAO:0005006 VSAO:NI Wikipedia:Ischium MA cjm VSAO AAO:0000860 os ischii Wikipedia:Ischium os ischii VSAO MA pubis AAO:0000861 AO notes: isa bone zone in FMA EMAPA:18728 FMA:16595 MA:0001338 MESH:A.02.835.232.611.781 SCTID:182035005 UBERON:0001275 UBERON:FMA_16595-MA_0001338 galen:Pubis ncithesaurus:Pubic_Bone os pubis pubic bone pubis bone the ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis. it is covered by a layer of fat, which is covered by the mons pubis. It is divisible into a body, a superior ramus and an inferior ramus. The body forms one-fifth of the acetabulum, contributing by its external surface both to the lunate surface and the acetabular fossa. Its internal surface enters into the formation of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to a portion of the obturator internus. In the female, the pubic bone is anterior to the urethral sponge. The left and right hip bones join at the pubic symphysis. The pubis is the lower limit of the suprapubic region[WP]. uberon MA Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29 pubis bone Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29 pubic bone FMA Wikipedia:Pubis_(bone) the ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis. it is covered by a layer of fat, which is covered by the mons pubis. It is divisible into a body, a superior ramus and an inferior ramus. The body forms one-fifth of the acetabulum, contributing by its external surface both to the lunate surface and the acetabular fossa. Its internal surface enters into the formation of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to a portion of the obturator internus. In the female, the pubic bone is anterior to the urethral sponge. The left and right hip bones join at the pubic symphysis. The pubis is the lower limit of the suprapubic region[WP]. MA VSAO Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29 os pubis VSAO epithelium of stomach BTO:0000500 EHDAA2:0001918 FMA:17091 MA:0001610 SCTID:64977002 UBERON:0001276 UBERON:FMA_17091-MA_0001610 VHOG:0001433 epithelial tissue of stomach epithelial tissue of ventriculus epithelium of ventriculus gastric epithelium in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular stomach epithelial tissue stomach epithelium the epithelial layer of the stomach . uberon ventriculus epithelial tissue ventriculus epithelium OBOL:automatic stomach epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of ventriculus OBOL:automatic ventriculus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic ventriculus epithelium BTO:0000500 gastric epithelium OBOL:automatic stomach epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ventriculus MP:0000471 the epithelial layer of the stomach . OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of stomach intestinal epithelium BTO:0000781 FMA:17229 MA:0001536 SCTID:266135004 Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050209-3'>Crosnier et al. 2005</a> TAO:0005124 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001277 UBERON:FMA_17229-ZFA_0005124 ZFA:0005124 bowel epithelial tissue bowel epithelium epithelial tissue of bowel epithelial tissue of intestine epithelium of bowel epithelium of intestine intestine epithelial tissue intestine epithelium ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Epithelium uberon villous epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bowel OBOL:automatic bowel epithelial tissue Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050209-3'>Crosnier et al. 2005</a> Wikipedia:Intestinal_epithelium ZFIN:curator OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of intestine OBOL:automatic epithelium of bowel OBOL:automatic bowel epithelium ZFA:0005124 villous epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of intestine OBOL:automatic intestine epithelial tissue epithelium of large intestine An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. EMAPA:19257 EMAPA:19262 FMA:17301 MA:0001545 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001278 UBERON:FMA_17301-MA_0001545 epithelial tissue of large intestine large intestinal epithelium large intestine epithelial tissue large intestine epithelium uberon An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic large intestine epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of large intestine portal triad FMA:17523 MA:0002499 SCTID:362192000 The misnomer "portal triad" traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver. UBERON:0001279 UBERON:FMA_17523-MA_0002499 a component of the hepatic lobule, that consists of: hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, bile duct, lymphatic vessels, and the branch of the vagus nerve. ncithesaurus:Portal_Triad trias hepatica trias hepatica uberon Wikipedia:Portal_triad trias hepatica Wikipedia:Portal_triad a component of the hepatic lobule, that consists of: hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, bile duct, lymphatic vessels, and the branch of the vagus nerve. liver parenchyma AAO:0010405 EHDAA2:0001004 EHDAA:2201 EMAPA:17203 FMA:17540 MA:0000366 SCTID:363535004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001280 UBERON:0003223 UBERON:FMA_17540-MA_0000366 VHOG:0000539 XAO:0000454 hepatic parenchyma hepatic parenchyme liver parenchyme parenchyma of liver the functional units of the liver including the lobules. uberon FMA:17540 hepatic parenchyma MP:0008986 the functional units of the liver including the lobules. FMA:17540 parenchyma of liver XAO:0000454 liver parenchyme XAO VHOG:0000539 hepatic parenchyme EHDAA2 hepatic sinusoid EHDAA2:0000999 EHDAA:2199 EHDAA:3997 EHDAA:4003 EHDAA:6992 EHDAA:8084 EMAPA:17365 FMA:17543 MA:0000367 SCTID:67435004 TAO:0005091 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001281 UBERON:0003275 UBERON:FMA_17543-MA_0000367-ZFA_0005091 VHOG:0000708 Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. ZFA:0005091 hepatic sinusoids liver sinusoid liver sinusoidal blood vessel ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Sinusoid sinusoid of liver sinusoidal blood vessel of liver uberon vas capillare sinusoideum OBOL:automatic sinusoid of liver OBOL:automatic liver sinusoidal blood vessel Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid ZFIN:curator OBOL:automatic sinusoidal blood vessel of liver intralobular bile duct BTO:0002840 Editor notes: Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct) FMA:17545 MA:0002669 SCTID:227002 SCTID:269922006 The Canals of Hering, or intrahepatic bile ductules, are part of the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver. UBERON:0001282 UBERON:FMA_17545-MA_0002669 canal of Hering canal of Herring canals of Hering cholangiole duct of Herring intrahepatic bile ductule ncithesaurus:Canal_of_Hering uberon Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering duct of Herring FMA Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering canals of Hering FMA Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering intrahepatic bile ductule FMA:17545 cholangiole FMA:17545 canal of Herring FMA The Canals of Hering, or intrahepatic bile ductules, are part of the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver. Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering bile canaliculus BTO:0002841 FMA:17547 Fine tubular canals running between liver cells, throughout the parenchyma, usually occurring singly between each adjacent pair of cells, and forming a three-dimensional network of polyhedral meshes, with a single cell in each mesh[BTO]. A thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes. The bile canaliculi merge and form bile ductules, which eventually become common hepatic duct. Hepatocytes are polyhedral in shape, therefore having no set shape or design. They have surfaces facing the sinusoids, (called sinusoidal faces) and surfaces which contact other hepatocytes, (called lateral faces). Bile canaliculi are formed by grooves on some of the lateral faces of these hepatocytes. Microvilli are present in the canaliculi but are sparse. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002495 MESH:A.03.159.183.158.125 SCTID:270023005 TAO:0005163 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001283 UBERON:FMA_17547-MA_0002495 ZFA:0005163 bile canaliculi bile capillary biliary canaliculus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gray1094.png/200px-Gray1094.png ncithesaurus:Bile_Canaliculus uberon BTO Wikipedia:Bile_canaliculus bile canaliculi FMA BTO:0002841 biliary canaliculus FMA BTO:0002841 bile capillary BTO:0002841 Fine tubular canals running between liver cells, throughout the parenchyma, usually occurring singly between each adjacent pair of cells, and forming a three-dimensional network of polyhedral meshes, with a single cell in each mesh[BTO]. A thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes. The bile canaliculi merge and form bile ductules, which eventually become common hepatic duct. Hepatocytes are polyhedral in shape, therefore having no set shape or design. They have surfaces facing the sinusoids, (called sinusoidal faces) and surfaces which contact other hepatocytes, (called lateral faces). Bile canaliculi are formed by grooves on some of the lateral faces of these hepatocytes. Microvilli are present in the canaliculi but are sparse. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Bile_canaliculus FMA renal column FMA:17633 MA:0001651 The renal column (or Bertin column, or column of Bertin) is a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids. It allows the cortex to be better anchored. Each column consists of lines of blood vessels and urinary tubes and a fibrous material. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001284 UBERON:FMA_17633-MA_0001651 columnae renales http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Illu_kidney2.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney2.jpg renal column of bertini uberon Wikipedia:Renal_column columnae renales The renal column (or Bertin column, or column of Bertin) is a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids. It allows the cortex to be better anchored. Each column consists of lines of blood vessels and urinary tubes and a fibrous material. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Renal_column nephron BTO:0000924 EMAPA:28491 EV:0100384 Editor note: kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships. Taxon notes: In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992)[GO Kidney] FMA:17640 GAID:428 MA:0000375 MESH:A.05.810.453.736 SCTID:361337001 TAO:0002153 The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP] UBERON:0001285 UBERON:FMA_17640-MA_0000375-XAO_0000145 ZFA:0005282 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png mature nephron ncithesaurus:Nephron nephroneum tubulus renalis uberon definitional PMID:9268568 The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP] Wikipedia:Nephron Wikipedia:Nephron nephroneum Wikipedia:Nephron tubulus renalis EMAPA:28491 mature nephron FMA Bowman's space EMAPA:27985 EMAPA:28263 FMA:17676 MA:0001664 SCTID:244284006 TAO:0005283 TAO:0005312 TODO - fix ZFA UBERON:0001286 UBERON:FMA_17676-MA_0001664 ZFA:0005283 ZFA:0005312 a narrow chalice-shaped cavity between the glomerular and capsular epithelium of the glomerular capsule of the kidney[TFD]. Between the visceral and parietal layers, into which the filtrate enters after passing through the podocytes' filtration slits[WP]. luminal region between the glomerular capsule visceral and parietal layers, into which filtrate enters after passing through the filtration barrier from the glomerular capillaries[MP] bowman's space capsular space glomerular capsule space glomerular urinary space inter-glomerular space ncithesaurus:Urinary_Space pronephric capsular space renal capsular space uberon urinary space urinary space of renal corpuscle capsular space http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bowman's+space ZFA:0005312 inter-glomerular space MP:0011499 glomerular capsule space ZFA:0005283 inter-glomerular space ZFA:0005312 pronephric capsular space ZFA:0005283 renal capsular space EMAPA:28263 urinary space of renal corpuscle MP:0011499 Wikipedia:Bowman's_space a narrow chalice-shaped cavity between the glomerular and capsular epithelium of the glomerular capsule of the kidney[TFD]. Between the visceral and parietal layers, into which the filtrate enters after passing through the podocytes' filtration slits[WP]. luminal region between the glomerular capsule visceral and parietal layers, into which filtrate enters after passing through the filtration barrier from the glomerular capillaries[MP] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bowman's+space MP:0011499 glomerular urinary space proximal convoluted tubule 1st convoluted tubule EMAPA:28287 EV:0100388 FMA:17693 MA:0001669 PCT SCTID:362220008 TAO:0005290 TODO - cleanly define difference between proximal tubule and proximal convoluted tubule. Make definition applicable across species. The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle[WP] UBERON:0001287 UBERON:FMA_17693-MA_0001669-ZFA_0001620 ZFA:0005290 first convoluted tubule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png proximal convoluted renal tubule tubulus contortus proximalis tubulus contortus proximalis uberon checkme Wikipedia Wikipedia:Proximal_convoluted_tubule tubulus contortus proximalis The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle[WP] Wikipedia:Proximal_convoluted_tubule loop of Henle BTO:0004608 EMAPA:29665 EMAPA:29679 EV:0100390 FMA:17698 GAID:437 Henle loop MA:0001675 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.560.610 Note that the definitions of some kidney parts refer to Henle's loop, even in species where this may not be present. Requires review. Portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. The loop has a hairpin bend in the renal medulla. The main function of this structure is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney. By means of a countercurrent multiplier system, which utilizes sodium pumps, it creates an area of high sodium concentration deep in the medulla, near the collecting duct. Water present in the filtrate in the collecting duct flows through aquaporin channels out of the collecting duct, moving passively down its concentration gradient. This process reabsorbs water and creates a concentrated urine for excretion[WP]. SCTID:361335009 UBERON:0001288 UBERON:FMA_17698-MA_0001675 VHOG:0001270 henle's loop http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png ncithesaurus:Loop_of_Henle uberon Portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. The loop has a hairpin bend in the renal medulla. The main function of this structure is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney. By means of a countercurrent multiplier system, which utilizes sodium pumps, it creates an area of high sodium concentration deep in the medulla, near the collecting duct. Water present in the filtrate in the collecting duct flows through aquaporin channels out of the collecting duct, moving passively down its concentration gradient. This process reabsorbs water and creates a concentrated urine for excretion[WP]. Wikipedia:Loop_of_Henle descending limb of loop of Henle FMA:17705 MA:0001679 Portion of the renal tubule constituting the first part of the loop of Henle[WP]. SCTID:245350001 UBERON:0001289 UBERON:FMA_17705-MA_0001679 descending limb descending limb of Henle's loop http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png loop of Henle descending limb ncithesaurus:Descending_Limb_of_the_Henle_s_Loop uberon FMA FMA Portion of the renal tubule constituting the first part of the loop of Henle[WP]. Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_henle proximal straight tubule BTO:0000055 EMAPA:29661 FMA:17716 MA:0002614 S3 TAO:0005291 TODO - is S3 exactly coincident with PST? Check also relationship to DL. todo - ensure relationships work across species (loop of Henle) UBERON:0001290 UBERON:0005166 UBERON:FMA_17716-MA_0002614-ZFA_0001621 ZFA:0005291 pars recta pars recta tubuli renalis part of the descending limb of the renal tubule, extending from the proximal convoluted tubule to the thin tubule[BTO]. proximal tubule segment 3 thick descending limb of proximal tubule tubulus rectus proximalis uberon MA MA MA:0002614 proximal tubule segment 3 BTO:0000055 Wikipedia:Proximal_straight_tubule part of the descending limb of the renal tubule, extending from the proximal convoluted tubule to the thin tubule[BTO]. GO:0072020 S3 MA-isa BTO:0000055 pars recta tubuli renalis thick ascending limb of loop of Henle EMAPA:28396 EMAPA:29671 FMA:17722 MA:0001677 SCTID:244953001 TODO: thick/thin check. Also - does the loop of Henle overlap the distal convoluted tubule? FMA divides DCT into straight and convoluted portions UBERON:0001291 UBERON:FMA_17717-MA_0001676 a segment of the nephron in the kidney. It can be divided into two parts: that in the renal medulla, and that in the renal cortex[Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]. ascending thick limb distal straight tubule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment straight portion of distal convoluted renal tubule straight portion of distal convoluted tubule thick ascending limb thick ascending limb of Henle's loop thick ascending limb of distal tubule tubulus rectus distalis tubulus rectus distalis uberon Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle tubulus rectus distalis FMA:17722 straight portion of distal convoluted tubule FMA:17722 thick ascending limb of distal tubule FMA:17722 tubulus rectus distalis MA:0001677 loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle a segment of the nephron in the kidney. It can be divided into two parts: that in the renal medulla, and that in the renal cortex[Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]. distal convoluted tubule EMAPA:28393 EV:0100389 FMA:17721 MA:0001666 SCTID:361336005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001292 UBERON:FMA_17721-MA_0001666 a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. distal convoluted renal tubule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kidney_nephron.png/200px-Kidney_nephron.png ncithesaurus:Distal_Convoluted_Tubule second convoluted tubule tubulus contortus distalis tubulus contortus distalis uberon Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule tubulus contortus distalis Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. outer medulla of kidney BTO:0001746 EMAPA:28310 FMA:17733 MA:0001653 The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla[GO]. UBERON:0001293 UBERON:FMA_17733-MA_0001653 kidney outer medulla outer renal medulla outer zone of medulla of kidney outer zone of renal medulla renal outer medulla uberon zona externa (medullaris renalis) BTO:0001746 kidney outer medulla GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla[GO]. BTO:0001746 renal outer medulla FMA:17733 FMA:TA zona externa (medullaris renalis) inner medulla of kidney BTO:0001745 EMAPA:28349 FMA:17734 Innermost region of the mammalian kidney. MA:0001652 Taxon notes: unique to mammals[GO:0072053] UBERON:0001294 UBERON:FMA_17734-MA_0001652 inner renal medulla inner zone of medulla of kidney inner zone of renal medulla kidney inner medulla renal inner medulla set of inner region of renal pyramids uberon zona interna (medullaris renalis) BTO:0001745 kidney inner medulla FMA:17734 FMA:TA zona interna (medullaris renalis) GO:0072053 Innermost region of the mammalian kidney. BTO:0001745 renal inner medulla endometrium AO notes: in FMA this is subdivided into basal and outer. In MA there is a single child term, endometrium epithelium BTO:0001422 EFO:0000980 EMAPA:29917 EV:0100115 FMA:17742 GAID:377 MA:0000390 MAT:0000319 MESH:A.05.360.319.679.490 MIAA:0000319 SCTID:278867007 UBERON:0001295 UBERON:FMA_17742-MA_0000390-MIAA_0000319 VHOG:0001285 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg inner membrane of the mammalian uterus. ncithesaurus:Endometrium tunica mucosa (endometrium) tunica mucosa uteri uberon Wikipedia:Endometrium inner membrane of the mammalian uterus. Wikipedia:Endometrium tunica mucosa uteri myometrium BTO:0000907 EFO:0001970 EMAPA:29923 EV:0100116 FMA:17743 GAID:171 MA:0000391 MESH:A.02.633.570.500 MeSH:D009215 SCTID:279879004 The inner layer of the uterine wall is the endometrium or uterine lining, and the outer layer the serosa or perimetrium. The myometrium stretches (the smooth muscle cells expand in both size and number[1]) during pregnancy to allow for the harboring of the pregnancy, and contracts in a coordinated fashion during the process of labor. After delivery the myometrium contracts to expel the placenta and reduce blood loss. UBERON:0001296 UBERON:FMA_17743-MA_0000391 VHOG:0001281 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg middle layer of the uterine wall consisting of smooth muscle cells and supporting stromal and vascular tissue. ncithesaurus:Myometrium tunica muscularis tunica muscularis (myometrium) uberon uterine smooth muscle Wikipedia:Myometrium tunica muscularis Wikipedia:Myometrium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myometrium middle layer of the uterine wall consisting of smooth muscle cells and supporting stromal and vascular tissue. serosa of uterus FMA:17744 MA:0001729 Outer serosa layer of the uterus. SCTID:253705006 TODO - check for parallel structure with peritoneum UBERON:0001297 UBERON:FMA_17744-MA_0001729 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg ncithesaurus:Perimetrium perimetrium serous coat of uterus serous membrane of uterus tunica serosa (perimetrium) tunica serosa uteri tunica serosa uteri uberon uterine serosa uterus serosa uterus serous membrane visceral peritoneum of uterus Wikipedia:Perimetrium tunica serosa uteri OBOL:automatic serous membrane of uterus OBOL:automatic uterus serous membrane FMA:17744 FMA:TA tunica serosa uteri Outer serosa layer of the uterus. Wikipedia:Perimetrium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perimetrium perimetrium psoas major BTO:0001877 EMAPA:18169 FMA:18060 MA:0002358 OpenCyc:Mx4rwU5ZfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244952006 The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 per cent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001298 UBERON:FMA_18060-MA_0002358 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG m. psoas major ncithesaurus:Psoas_Major psoas major muscle uberon Wikipedia:Psoas_major_muscle m. psoas major MA Transverse processes of T12-L5 and the lateral aspects of the discs between them dbpedia Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1-L3 nerves dbpedia dbpedia in the lesser trochanter of the femur The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 per cent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Psoas_major_muscle dbpedia glans penis BTO:0003118 EMAPA:18988 EMAPA:29288 EV:0100108 FMA:18247 GAID:0000012 MA:0002726 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCpE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:263378009 The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive bulbous structure at the distal end of the penis. It is also commonly referred to as the 'head' of the penis. Slang terms include 'helmet', 'nob' (or 'knob'), and 'bell end', and all refer to its distinctive shape. The glans penis is anatomically homologous to the clitoral glans of the female. When the penis is flaccid it is wholly or partially covered by the foreskin, except in men who have been fully circumcised. The foreskin serves to protect this delicate mucous membrane covered structure. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001299 UBERON:FMA_18247-MA_0002726 VHOG:0001475 balanus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Glans_Penis uberon The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive bulbous structure at the distal end of the penis. It is also commonly referred to as the 'head' of the penis. Slang terms include 'helmet', 'nob' (or 'knob'), and 'bell end', and all refer to its distinctive shape. The glans penis is anatomically homologous to the clitoral glans of the female. When the penis is flaccid it is wholly or partially covered by the foreskin, except in men who have been fully circumcised. The foreskin serves to protect this delicate mucous membrane covered structure. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Glans_penis BTO:0003118 balanus scrotum BTO:0003098 EMAPA:19296 FMA:18252 GAID:393 In some male mammals the scrotum (also referred to as the cod) is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. It is an extension of the abdomen, and is located between the penis and anus. In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with pubic hair at puberty. In common speech, the scrotum is often improperly referred to as the testicles, which actually refer to organs encased inside the scrotum. The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females. It becomes tight when sexually aroused. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000409 MESH:A.05.360.444.661 OpenCyc:Mx4rwUC_upwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:265794003 UBERON:0001300 UBERON:FMA_18252-MA_0000409 galen:Scrotum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/HairedHumanScrotum.png/200px-HairedHumanScrotum.png ncithesaurus:Scrotum uberon In some male mammals the scrotum (also referred to as the cod) is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. It is an extension of the abdomen, and is located between the penis and anus. In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with pubic hair at puberty. In common speech, the scrotum is often improperly referred to as the testicles, which actually refer to organs encased inside the scrotum. The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females. It becomes tight when sexually aroused. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scrotum epididymis A narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. BTO:0000408 EFO:0000982 EMAPA:19290 EV:0100103 FMA:18255 GAID:397 MA:0000397 MAT:0000130 MESH:A.05.360.444.849.286 MIAA:0000130 SCTID:181432000 Taxon notes: A similar, but probably non-homologous, structure is found in cartilaginous fishes[WP]. Kardong has epididymis in elasmobranch.Structures notes: Typically divided into three main regions. In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis, which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells. UBERON:0001301 UBERON:FMA_18255-MA_0000397-MIAA_0000130 VHOG:0001265 epididymus galen:Epididymis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_testis_surface.jpg/200px-Illu_testis_surface.jpg ncithesaurus:Epididymis uberon FMA A narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. Wikipedia:Epididymis Wikipedia right uterine tube A fallopian tube that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. FMA:18483 MA:0001717 SCTID:280106006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001302 UBERON:FMA_18483-MA_0001717 ncithesaurus:Right_Fallopian_Tube right fallopian tube right oviduct uberon A fallopian tube that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic left uterine tube A fallopian tube that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. FMA:18484 MA:0001716 SCTID:280107002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001303 UBERON:FMA_18484-MA_0001716 left fallopian tube left oviduct ncithesaurus:Left_Fallopian_Tube uberon A fallopian tube that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic germinal epithelium of ovary BTO:0004483 Controversial - see article. Requires expert input. Also check BTO placement EHDAA:8126 EMAPA:27564 FMA:18629 MA:0001711 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001361 SCTID:258308007 UBERON:0001304 UBERON:FMA_18629-MA_0001711 VHOG:0000630 epithelium superficiale (ovarium) female coelomic epithelium germinal epithelium (female) layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP]. ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Surface_Epithelium ovarian surface epithelium ovary germinal epithelium surface epithelium of ovary uberon EMAPA:17384 female coelomic epithelium Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(female) germinal epithelium (female) PMID:16923182 Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(female) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Germinal_epithelium_%28female%29 layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP]. BTO:0004483 ovarian surface epithelium ovarian follicle BTO:0000475 FMA:18640 GAID:371 MA:0001707 MAT:0000449 MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.535 Ovarian follicles are the basic units of female reproductive biology, each of which is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (e.g. once a month in humans)[WP]. SCTID:361111009 TAO:0001110 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001305 UBERON:FMA_18640-MA_0001707-ZFA_0001110 VHOG:0001536 ZFA:0001110 egg follicle follicle of ovary follicle of ovary viewed macroscopically folliculi ovarici primarii, folliculi ovarici vesiculosi http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Primary_follicle-4.JPG/200px-Primary_follicle-4.JPG ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Follicle ovary follicle uberon Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle folliculi ovarici primarii, folliculi ovarici vesiculosi Ovarian follicles are the basic units of female reproductive biology, each of which is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (e.g. once a month in humans)[WP]. Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle FMA:18640 follicle of ovary viewed macroscopically cumulus oophorus At one part of the mature follicle, the cells of the membrana granulosa are collected into a mass which projects into the cavity of the follicle. This cluster of cells is termed the cumulus oophorus (Latin cumulus=heap, Greek oo=egg + phorus=carrying) discus proligerus, and it is released with the embedded oocyte during ovulation. In order for fertilization to occur this layer must be penetrated by the spermatocyte. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:18659 MA:0002414 SCTID:258586009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001306 UBERON:FMA_18659-MA_0002414 cumulus ovaricus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1164.png/200px-Gray1164.png uberon At one part of the mature follicle, the cells of the membrana granulosa are collected into a mass which projects into the cavity of the follicle. This cluster of cells is termed the cumulus oophorus (Latin cumulus=heap, Greek oo=egg + phorus=carrying) discus proligerus, and it is released with the embedded oocyte during ovulation. In order for fertilization to occur this layer must be penetrated by the spermatocyte. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cumulus_oophorus capsule of ovary FMA:18662 MA:0001706 SCTID:258491008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001307 UBERON:FMA_18662-MA_0001706 ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Capsule ovarian capsule ovary capsule uberon external iliac artery BTO:0004666 EHDAA2:0000463 EHDAA:4337 EMAPA:17614 FMA:18805 MA:0001973 OpenCyc:Mx4rvkh47pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181352000 The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001308 UBERON:FMA_18805-MA_0001973 arteria iliaca externa galen:ExternalIliacArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray539.png/200px-Gray539.png ncithesaurus:External_Iliac_Artery uberon Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery arteria iliaca externa The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery internal iliac artery BTO:0004667 EMAPA:17860 FMA:18808 MA:0001974 SCTID:181346001 The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001309 UBERON:FMA_18808-MA_0001974 arteria iliaca interna galen:InternalIliacArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Iliac_artery_bifurcation.PNG/200px-Iliac_artery_bifurcation.PNG ncithesaurus:Internal_Iliac_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery arteria iliaca interna The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery umbilical artery BTO:0000841 EHDAA:1026 EHDAA:410 EMAPA:16331 EMAPA:16372 FMA:18820 GAID:516 MA:0002072 MESH:A.07.231.114.929 OpenCyc:Mx4rCWdhMGWbEd2AAABQjYGu0g RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002106 SCTID:261404000 The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001310 UBERON:FMA_18820-MA_0002072 a. umbilicalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray502.png/200px-Gray502.png ncithesaurus:Umbilical_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery a. umbilicalis cjm The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery inferior vesical artery FMA:18823 MA:0002079 SCTID:43210002 The INF vesical artery is an artery in the pelvis that supplies the lower part of the bladder. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001311 UBERON:FMA_18823-MA_0002079 arteria vesicali inferior arteria vesicalis inferior ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vesical_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery arteria vesicalis inferior The INF vesical artery is an artery in the pelvis that supplies the lower part of the bladder. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery superior vesical artery FMA:18839 MA:0002080 SCTID:113268007 The superior vesical artery supplies numerous branches to the upper part of the bladder. From one of these a slender vessel, the artery to the ductus deferens, takes origin and accompanies the duct in its course to the testis, where it anastomoses with the internal spermatic artery. Other branches supply the ureter. The first part of the superior vesical artery represents the terminal section of the previous portion of the umbilical artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001312 UBERON:FMA_18839-MA_0002080 arteria vesicalis superior arteriae vesicales superiores http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Internal_iliac_branches.PNG/200px-Internal_iliac_branches.PNG ncithesaurus:Superior_Vesical_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery arteriae vesicales superiores The superior vesical artery supplies numerous branches to the upper part of the bladder. From one of these a slender vessel, the artery to the ductus deferens, takes origin and accompanies the duct in its course to the testis, where it anastomoses with the internal spermatic artery. Other branches supply the ureter. The first part of the superior vesical artery represents the terminal section of the previous portion of the umbilical artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery iliolumbar artery FMA:18845 MA:0001976 SCTID:113267002 The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001313 UBERON:FMA_18845-MA_0001976 arteria iliolumbalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png ilio-lumbar artery ncithesaurus:Iliolumbar_Artery uberon The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_artery Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_artery arteria iliolumbalis obturator artery FMA:18865 MA:0002008 SCTID:244302006 The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001314 UBERON:FMA_18865-MA_0002008 arteria obturatoria http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gray547.png/200px-Gray547.png ncithesaurus:Obturator_Artery uberon The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Obturator_artery Wikipedia:Obturator_artery arteria obturatoria superior gluteal artery FMA:18868 MA:0002054 SCTID:181354004 The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001315 UBERON:FMA_18868-MA_0002054 arteria glutea superior arteria glutealis superior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1244.png/200px-Gray1244.png ncithesaurus:Gluteal_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery arteria glutea superior The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery external iliac vein EHDAA2:0000464 FMA:18883 MA:0002144 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQUYtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181400000 The external iliac veins are large veins that connect the femoral veins to the common iliac veins. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001316 UBERON:FMA_18883-MA_0002144 galen:ExternalIliacVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Iliac_veins.gif/200px-Iliac_veins.gif ncithesaurus:External_Iliac_Vein uberon vena iliaca externa Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein vena iliaca externa The external iliac veins are large veins that connect the femoral veins to the common iliac veins. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein internal iliac vein EHDAA2:0000874 FMA:18884 MA:0002145 SCTID:181399007 The internal iliac vein (hypogastric vein) begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001317 UBERON:FMA_18884-MA_0002145 VHOG:0000749 galen:InternalIliacVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Internaliliacv.png/200px-Internaliliacv.png ncithesaurus:Internal_Iliac_Vein uberon v. iliaca interna, v. hypogastrica Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein v. iliaca interna, v. hypogastrica The internal iliac vein (hypogastric vein) begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein inferior vesical vein FMA:18890 MA:0002264 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001318 UBERON:FMA_18890-MA_0002264 uberon FMA/obol vaginal vein FMA:18899 MA:0002251 SCTID:424336009 The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001319 UBERON:FMA_18899-MA_0002251 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gray589.png/200px-Gray589.png uberon vagina vein vein of vagina The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus OBOL:automatic vagina vein FMA/obol OBOL:automatic vein of vagina iliolumbar vein FMA:18902 MA:0002146 SCTID:286793006 The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001320 UBERON:FMA_18902-MA_0002146 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png ilio-lumbar vein ncithesaurus:Iliolumbar_Vein uberon vena iliolumbalis The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_vein Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_vein vena iliolumbalis FMA/obol obturator vein FMA:18914 MA:0002183 SCTID:20146009 The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001321 UBERON:FMA_18914-MA_0002183 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png ncithesaurus:Obturator_Vein uberon FMA/obol The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Obturator_veins sciatic nerve BTO:0001221 EFO:0001417 EHDAA2:0001779 EHDAA:5659 EMAPA:18577 FMA:19034 GAID:852 MA:0001172 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.450.760 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1133 OpenCyc:Mx4rv7MlDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181050003 Taxon notes: mouse sciatic nerve origins predominantly from the third lumbar (L3) and L4 spinal nerves, unlike the L4 and L5 in rats - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/ The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body. The sciatic supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. In humans, it is derived from spinal nerves L4 through S3. It contains fibres from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus. [WP,edited]. UBERON:0001322 UBERON:FMA_19034-MA_0001172 VHOG:0000894 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1244.png/200px-Gray1244.png ischiadic nerve ischiatic nerve ncithesaurus:Sciatic_Nerve nervus ischiadicus nervus sciaticus uberon Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve ischiadic nerve Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve ischiatic nerve Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve nervus ischiadicus BTO:0001221 nervus sciaticus The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body. The sciatic supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. In humans, it is derived from spinal nerves L4 through S3. It contains fibres from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus. [WP,edited]. Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve BTO:0001221 nervus ischiadicus tibial nerve FMA:19035 GAID:854 MA:0001173 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.450.760.820 OpenCyc:Mx4rwNya8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181078002 The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001323 UBERON:FMA_19035-MA_0001173 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray828.png/200px-Gray828.png medial popliteal nerve n. tibialis ncithesaurus:Tibial_Nerve uberon Wikipedia:Tibial_nerve n. tibialis The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tibial_nerve common fibular nerve EFO:0003062 FMA:19039 GAID:853 MA:0001169 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.450.760.640 OpenCyc:Mx4rvwKexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181077007 UBERON:0001324 UBERON:FMA_19039-MA_0001169 a nerve arising at the terminal division of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa and extending to the neck of the fibula, ultimately innervating the Peroneus muscle[MP]. The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula, close to the medial margin of the biceps femoris muscle. It lies between the tendon of the biceps femoris and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, winds around the neck of the fibula, between the peronæus longus and the bone, and divides beneath the muscle into the superficial peroneal nerve (superficial fibular nerve) and deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve). [WP,unvetted]. common peroneal nerve extrernal peroneal nerve lateral popliteal nerve n. fibularis communis, n. peroneus communis ncithesaurus:Peroneal_Nerve nervus peroneus communis peroneal nerve uberon FMA:19039 FMA:TA nervus peroneus communis Wikipedia:Common_fibular_nerve n. fibularis communis, n. peroneus communis MP:0011211 Wikipedia:Common_fibular_nerve a nerve arising at the terminal division of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa and extending to the neck of the fibula, ultimately innervating the Peroneus muscle[MP]. The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula, close to the medial margin of the biceps femoris muscle. It lies between the tendon of the biceps femoris and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, winds around the neck of the fibula, between the peronæus longus and the bone, and divides beneath the muscle into the superficial peroneal nerve (superficial fibular nerve) and deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve). [WP,unvetted]. MP:0011211 lateral popliteal nerve MP:0011211 extrernal peroneal nerve muscle of pelvis FMA:19086 MA:0000534 Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani, UBERON:0001325 UBERON:FMA_19086-MA_0000534 muscle organ of pelvis pelvic muscle pelvis muscle pelvis muscle organ uberon FMA:19086 pelvic muscle OBOL:automatic muscle organ of pelvis FMA:19086 Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani, OBOL:automatic pelvis muscle organ MA levator ani EMAPA:19165 FMA:19087 MA:0002332 The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity. It supports the viscera in pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures which pass through it. In combination with the Coccygeus muscle, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001326 UBERON:FMA_19087-MA_0002332 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray404.png/200px-Gray404.png musculus levator ani ncithesaurus:Levator_Ani uberon Wikipedia:Levator_ani musculus levator ani The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity. It supports the viscera in pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures which pass through it. In combination with the Coccygeus muscle, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Levator_ani dbpedia inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis coccygeus FMA:19088 MA:0002277 The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic wall (i.e. peripheral to the pelvic floor), situated behind the levator ani and in front of the sacrospinous ligament. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament, and inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. It assists the Levator ani and Piriformis in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001327 UBERON:FMA_19088-MA_0002277 coccygeus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray404.png/200px-Gray404.png ischiococcygeus musculus coccygeus musculus ischiococcygeus uberon dbpedia sacral nerves: S4 S5 or S3-S4 Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine dbpedia Wikipedia:Coccygeus_muscle musculus coccygeus The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic wall (i.e. peripheral to the pelvic floor), situated behind the levator ani and in front of the sacrospinous ligament. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament, and inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. It assists the Levator ani and Piriformis in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Coccygeus_muscle FMA:19088 FMA:TA musculus ischiococcygeus lobe of prostate Anatomically, the human prostate gland is located between the base of the bladder and the rectum, and it completely surrounds the proximal urethra (Fig. 1A). It is a single alobular structure with central (CZ), peripheral (PZ) and transitional (TZ) zones. In contrast, the mouse prostate is not merged into one compact anatomical structure. It comprises four paired lobes situated circumferentially around the urethra, immediately caudal to the urinary bladder—namely, anterior (AP), dorsal (DP), lateral (LP), and ventral (VP) prostate (Fig. 1B). Often, the dorsal and the lateral lobes are thought of in combination and referred to as the dorsolateral (DLP) lobe as they share a ductal system. The mouse AP is considered analogous to the human CZ, which is rarely a site of neoplastic transformation in humans. The mouse DLP is considered most similar to the human PZ, which is the zone in which most carcinomas arise (Xue et al. 1997). These analogies, however, are limited as they are based solely on descriptive data and need to be re-evaluated using molecular techniques before the relationship between specific mouse prostate lobes and the human prostate zones is definitively asserted (Abate-Shen & Shen 2000). The mouse VP does not have a human homologue, and the human TZ does not have a murine homologue [PMID:15163300] BTO:0000548 FMA:19570 MA:0001738 SCTID:279692004 UBERON:0001328 UBERON:FMA_19570-MA_0001738 lobe of prostate gland ncithesaurus:Prostate_Gland_Lobe prostate gland lobe prostatic lobe uberon prostate gland anterior lobe BTO:0003158 FMA:19574 MA:0002422 SCTID:279693009 UBERON:0001329 UBERON:FMA_19574-MA_0002422 anterior lobe of prostate anterior lobe of prostate gland comment: todo - check - see comments from PMID:15163300 commissura prostatae commissure of prostate isthmus of prostate isthmus of prostate gland isthmus prostatae prostate gland anterior lobe prostatic isthmus the prostate lobe that appears as a thin tubular structure, attached to the lesser curvature of the paired seminal vesicles. uberon MP:0001163 the prostate lobe that appears as a thin tubular structure, attached to the lesser curvature of the paired seminal vesicles. FMA:19574 anterior lobe of prostate FMA:19574 FMA:TA commissura prostatae FMA:19574 FMA:TA isthmus prostatae pampiniform plexus FMA:19607 MA:0001866 SCTID:279661001 The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the human male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001330 UBERON:FMA_19607-MA_0001866 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray1147.png/200px-Gray1147.png pampiniform venous plexus plexus of veins of fascia of prostate plexus venosus pampiniformis uberon venous plexus of fascia of prostate venous plexus of fascia of prostate gland The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the human male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pampiniform_venous_plexus FMA:19607 FMA:TA plexus venosus pampiniformis skin of penis A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Obol]. FMA:19638 MA:0002727 SCTID:35900000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001331 UBERON:FMA_19638-MA_0002727 penile skin penis skin penis zone of skin uberon zone of skin of penis A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic penis zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of penis prepuce of penis BTO:0001113 EFO:0001664 EMAPA:18989 EV:0100109 FMA:19639 In male human anatomy, the foreskin is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. It is also described as the prepuce, a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood in women, to which the foreskin is embryonically homologous. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000407 MA:0001744 Note FMA also has FMA:27648 skin of prepuce of penis - how is this different? MA uses the term prepuce for the male prepuce. MA also has penis foreskin OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001332 UBERON:FMA_19639-MA_0000407 foreskin http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Foreskin2.jpg/200px-Foreskin2.jpg ncithesaurus:Prepuce penile prepuce prepuce prepuce of male prepucium, præputium preputial skin preputium skin of prepuce of penis uberon Wikipedia Wikipedia:Foreskin prepucium, præputium FMA:19639 penile prepuce FMA:27648 skin of prepuce of penis MA:0000407 Wikipedia:Foreskin prepuce FMA:19639 foreskin FMA:27648 preputial skin EMAPA:18989 prepuce of male HP:0100587 preputium In male human anatomy, the foreskin is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. It is also described as the prepuce, a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood in women, to which the foreskin is embryonically homologous. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Foreskin male urethra BTO:0004089 EMAPA:18692 FMA:19668 In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002640 SCTID:264085007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001333 UBERON:FMA_19668-MA_0002640 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Male_Urethra uberon In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Male_urethra female urethra BTO:0004088 EMAPA:28747 FMA:19669 In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002637 SCTID:264469008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001334 UBERON:FMA_19669-MA_0002637 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Female_Urethra uberon In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Female_urethra prostatic urethra BTO:0003163 EMAPA:30942 FMA:19673 MA:0002646 SCTID:279434009 The prostatic urethra, the widest and most dilatable part of the urethra canal, is about 3 cm. long. It runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; the form of the canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion. A transverse section of the canal as it lies in the prostate is horse-shoe-shaped, with the convexity directed forward. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001335 UBERON:FMA_19673-MA_0002646 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray1142.png/200px-Gray1142.png ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Portion_of_the_Male_Urethra pars prostatica urethrae prostatic part of urethra uberon The prostatic urethra, the widest and most dilatable part of the urethra canal, is about 3 cm. long. It runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; the form of the canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion. A transverse section of the canal as it lies in the prostate is horse-shoe-shaped, with the convexity directed forward. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Prostatic_urethra Wikipedia:Prostatic_urethra pars prostatica urethrae BTO:0003163 pars prostatica urethrae membranous urethra FMA:19674 MA:0002647 SCTID:263343009 The intermediate part of male urethra (membranous portion) is the shortest, least dilatable, and, with the exception of the external orifice, the narrowest part of the canal. It extends downward and forward, with a slight anterior concavity, between the apex of the prostate and the bulb of the urethra, perforating the urogenital diaphragm about 2.5 cm. below and behind the pubic symphysis. The hinder part of the urethral bulb lies in apposition with the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, but its upper portion diverges somewhat from this fascia: the anterior wall of the membranous urethra is thus prolonged for a short distance in front of the urogenital diaphragm; it measures about 2 cm. in length, while the posterior wall which is between the two fasciæ of the diaphragm is only 1.25 cm. long. The membranous portion of the urethra is completely surrounded by the fibers of the Sphincter urethrae membranaceae. In front of it the deep dorsal vein of the penis enters the pelvis between the transverse ligament of the pelvis and the arcuate pubic ligament; on either side near its termination are the bulbourethral glands. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001336 UBERON:FMA_19674-MA_0002647 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray1142.png/200px-Gray1142.png intermediate part of urethra intermediate urethra membranous part of urethra ncithesaurus:Membranous_Urethra pars intermedia urethrae pars intermedia urethrae masculinae, pars membranacea urethrae masculinae pars membranacea (urethrae) uberon The intermediate part of male urethra (membranous portion) is the shortest, least dilatable, and, with the exception of the external orifice, the narrowest part of the canal. It extends downward and forward, with a slight anterior concavity, between the apex of the prostate and the bulb of the urethra, perforating the urogenital diaphragm about 2.5 cm. below and behind the pubic symphysis. The hinder part of the urethral bulb lies in apposition with the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, but its upper portion diverges somewhat from this fascia: the anterior wall of the membranous urethra is thus prolonged for a short distance in front of the urogenital diaphragm; it measures about 2 cm. in length, while the posterior wall which is between the two fasciæ of the diaphragm is only 1.25 cm. long. The membranous portion of the urethra is completely surrounded by the fibers of the Sphincter urethrae membranaceae. In front of it the deep dorsal vein of the penis enters the pelvis between the transverse ligament of the pelvis and the arcuate pubic ligament; on either side near its termination are the bulbourethral glands. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Membranous_urethra FMA:19674 FMA:TA pars intermedia urethrae Wikipedia:Membranous_urethra pars intermedia urethrae masculinae, pars membranacea urethrae masculinae spongiose part of urethra BTO:0004089 EMAPA:30944 FMA:19675 MA:0002643 The spongy urethra (cavernous portion of urethra, penile urethra) is the longest part of the male urethra, and is contained in the corpus spongiosum urethraeæ. It is about 15 cm long, and extends from the termination of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice. Commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the symphysis pubis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward. It is narrow, and of uniform size in the body of the penis, measuring about 6 mm in diameter; it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001337 UBERON:FMA_19675-MA_0002643 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray1142.png/200px-Gray1142.png pars spongiosa penile urethra spongiose urethra spongy urethra (male) uberon FMA:19675 FMA:TA pars spongiosa The spongy urethra (cavernous portion of urethra, penile urethra) is the longest part of the male urethra, and is contained in the corpus spongiosum urethraeæ. It is about 15 cm long, and extends from the termination of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice. Commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the symphysis pubis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward. It is narrow, and of uniform size in the body of the penis, measuring about 6 mm in diameter; it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Penile_urethra urethral gland FMA:19683 MA:0001688 SCTID:279477005 UBERON:0001338 UBERON:FMA_19683-MA_0001688 gland of urethra uberon urethra gland urethra gland (male or female) OBOL:automatic gland of urethra ischiocavernosus FMA:19730 MA:0002330 The ischiocavernosus muscle is a muscle just below the surface of the perineum, present in both men and women. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001339 UBERON:FMA_19730-MA_0002330 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ischiocavernosus-female.png/200px-Ischiocavernosus-female.png ncithesaurus:Ischiocavernosus todo - add part_of relationships uberon The ischiocavernosus muscle is a muscle just below the surface of the perineum, present in both men and women. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus dorsal artery of penis BTO:0005088 FMA:19795 MA:0001946 SCTID:244294001 The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001340 UBERON:FMA_19795-MA_0001946 arteria dorsalis penis dorsal artery of the penis dorsal penile artery dorsal penis artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gray1155.png/200px-Gray1155.png uberon BTO:0005088 arteria dorsalis penis MA:0001946 dorsal penis artery FMA FMA:19795 dorsal penile artery BTO BTO:0005088 dorsal artery of the penis FMA The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_artery_of_penis lesser sac AO notes: classified as a cavity in EHDAA2, organ segment in FMA. We hedge and use a union EHDAA2:0001296 EHDAA2:0004554 EHDAA:2335 EMAPA:16889 EMAPA:18458 FMA:19800 MA:0000445 The lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is the cavity in the abdomen that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum. Usually found in mammals, it is connected with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen (also known as the Foramen of Winslow). In mammals, it is not uncommon for the lesser sac to contain considerable amounts of fat. In human anatomy, the wall of the stomach, pancreas and splenic artery are a part of the wall of the lesser sac. If these structures rupture they may leak into the lesser sac. For the stomach, which lies anterior to the omental bursa, the rupture must be on the posterior side; if it were anteriorly located, the leak would collect in the greater sac. The lesser sac is embryologically formed from an infolding of the greater omentum. The open end of the infolding, known as the epiploic foramen, is usually proximal to the stomach. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001341 UBERON:FMA_19800-MA_0000445 VHOG:0000458 bursa omentalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Peritoneum.svg/200px-Peritoneum.svg.png ncithesaurus:Omental_Bursa omental bursa uberon FMA:19800 FMA:TA bursa omentalis The lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is the cavity in the abdomen that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum. Usually found in mammals, it is connected with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen (also known as the Foramen of Winslow). In mammals, it is not uncommon for the lesser sac to contain considerable amounts of fat. In human anatomy, the wall of the stomach, pancreas and splenic artery are a part of the wall of the lesser sac. If these structures rupture they may leak into the lesser sac. For the stomach, which lies anterior to the omental bursa, the rupture must be on the posterior side; if it were anteriorly located, the leak would collect in the greater sac. The lesser sac is embryologically formed from an infolding of the greater omentum. The open end of the infolding, known as the epiploic foramen, is usually proximal to the stomach. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lesser_sac mesovarium AAO:0010531 EMAPA:17961 FMA:19815 SCTID:279914000 TAO:0000333 The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG]. The mesovarium is the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that covers the ovaries. At first the mesonephros and genital ridge are suspended by a common mesentery, but as the embryo grows the genital ridge gradually becomes pinched off from the mesonephros, with which it is at first continuous, though it still remains connected to the remnant of this body by a fold of peritoneum. In the male this is the mesorchium, and in the female, this is the mesovarium. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001342 UBERON:FMA_19815-ZFA_0000333 VHOG:0001566 ZFA:0000333 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray1111.png/200px-Gray1111.png mesovarian ligament ncithesaurus:Mesovarian_Ligament uberon The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG]. The mesovarium is the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that covers the ovaries. At first the mesonephros and genital ridge are suspended by a common mesentery, but as the embryo grows the genital ridge gradually becomes pinched off from the mesonephros, with which it is at first continuous, though it still remains connected to the remnant of this body by a fold of peritoneum. In the male this is the mesorchium, and in the female, this is the mesovarium. [WP,unvetted]. VHOG:0001566 Wikipedia:Mesovarium seminiferous tubule of testis AAO:0010399 BTO:0001235 EFO:0001404 EMAPA:18685 EMAPA:31476 EV:0100380 FMA:19825 GAID:400 MA:0000412 MAT:0000503 MESH:A.05.360.444.849.700 SCTID:279614002 Seminiferous tubules are located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. The epithelium of the tubule consists of sustentacular or Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule. In between the Sertoli cells are spermatogenic cells, which differentiate through meiosis to sperm cells. There are two types: convoluted and straight. convuluted towards the lateral side and straight as the tubule comes medially to form ducts which will exit the testis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001343 UBERON:FMA_19825-XAO_0003088 VHOG:0001363 XAO:0003088 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gray1145.png/200px-Gray1145.png ncithesaurus:Seminiferous_Cord ncithesaurus:Seminiferous_Tubule seminiferous cord seminiferous tubule testis - seminiferous tubule tubuli seminiferi tubuli seminiferi uberon EMAPA:18685 seminiferous cord Wikipedia Wikipedia:Seminiferous_tubule tubuli seminiferi Seminiferous tubules are located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. The epithelium of the tubule consists of sustentacular or Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule. In between the Sertoli cells are spermatogenic cells, which differentiate through meiosis to sperm cells. There are two types: convoluted and straight. convuluted towards the lateral side and straight as the tubule comes medially to form ducts which will exit the testis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Seminiferous_tubule epithelium of vagina BTO:0000422 EMAPA:30991 FMA: nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; BTO: Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns; MA has single subclass (squamous) FMA:19978 MA:0001730 UBERON:0001344 UBERON:FMA_19978-MA_0001730 epithelial tissue of vagina epithelium, vaginal ncithesaurus:Vaginal_Epithelium the epithelial layer of the vagina. uberon vagina epithelial tissue vagina epithelium vaginal epithelium MP:0001140 the epithelial layer of the vagina. OBOL:automatic vagina epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of vagina BTO:0000422 epithelium, vaginal fornix This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies This class was obsoleted. UBERON:0000051 UBERON:0000052 UBERON:0001345 UBERON:FMA_19985-MA_0002747 true uberon This class was obsoleted. Wikipedia:Vaginal_fornix_of_brain vaginal hymen FMA:20005 MA:0002465 MESH:A.05.360.319.779.479 SCTID:245473005 The hymen, or the vaginal corona, is a fold of mucous membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. It forms part of the vulva, or external genitalia[WP]. UBERON:0001346 UBERON:FMA_20005-MA_0002465 hymen hymen of vagina hymen vaginae hymen vaginae ncithesaurus:Hymen uberon vaginal corona MESH:A.05.360.319.779.479 hymen FMA The hymen, or the vaginal corona, is a fold of mucous membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. It forms part of the vulva, or external genitalia[WP]. Wikipedia:Hymen Wikipedia:Hymen vaginal corona FMA:20005 hymen of vagina Wikipedia:Hymen hymen vaginae white adipose tissue Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet.[FMA] BTO:0001456 EFO:0000813 FMA:20117 MA:0000058 MAT:0000199 MIAA:0000199 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001347 UBERON:FMA_20117-MA_0000058-MIAA_0000199 adipocytus unigutturalis ncithesaurus:White_Adipose_Tissue textus adiposus albus textus adiposus albus uberon unilocular adipose tissue white fat Wikipedia:White_adipose_tissue textus adiposus albus Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:White_adipose_tissue brown adipose tissue Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets.[FMA] BTO:0000156 EFO:0000812 EMAPA:19209 FMA:20118 GAID:921 MA:0000057 MAT:0000198 MESH:A.10.165.114.322 MIAA:0000198 SCTID:15965003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001348 UBERON:FMA_20118-MA_0000057-MIAA_0000198 adipocytus multigutturalis brown fat multilocular adipose tissue ncithesaurus:Brown_Adipose_Tissue textus adiposus fuscus textus adiposus fuscus uberon Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Brown_adipose_tissue Wikipedia:Brown_adipose_tissue textus adiposus fuscus vestibule Anatomical cavity that connects an organ cavity, organ cavity subdivision or cavity of body part subdivision to the exterior, completely or partially surrounded by organs or organ parts that are lined by epithelium. Examples: preputial cavity, vestibule of vagina.[FMA] FMA:20192 UBERON:0001349 UBERON:FMA_20192-XAO_0000199 uberon Anatomical cavity that connects an organ cavity, organ cavity subdivision or cavity of body part subdivision to the exterior, completely or partially surrounded by organs or organ parts that are lined by epithelium. Examples: preputial cavity, vestibule of vagina.[FMA] FMA:20192 FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Vestibule_(disambiguation)#Anatomy coccyx A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region - may be fused[cjm]. AAO:0000731 EHDAA2:0000259 FMA:20229 GAID:239 In MA the subclass hierarchy is cocc V is_a caud V is_a tail bone. Taxon notes: In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. The term coccyx comes originally from the Greek language and means 'cuckoo', referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo's beak when viewed from the side. [WP,unvetted]. MESH:A.02.835.232.834.229 OpenCyc:Mx4rv1XqHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182028002 UBERON:0001350 UBERON:FMA_20229-MA_0000696 coccygeal skeleton coccygeal vertebrae I-IV coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae i-iv] coccyx [vertebrae coccygeae i-iv] galen:Coccyx http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gray100.png/200px-Gray100.png ncithesaurus:Coccyx os coccygis os coccygis tailbone uberon FMA:20229 FMA:TA coccyx [vertebrae coccygeae i-iv] FMA:20229 tailbone FMA:20229 coccygeal vertebrae I-IV FMA FMA:20229 coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae i-iv] FMA:20229 FMA:TA os coccygis EHDAA2:0000259 coccygeal skeleton A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region - may be fused[cjm]. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Coccyx Wikipedia:Coccyx os coccygis FMA lacrimal sac FMA:20289 MA:0001298 SCTID:362534009 The lacrimal sac is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla. It connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity. This is mainly for high amounts of tears, in which the lacrimal sac pumps inward and outward driven by the orbicularis muscle during blinking. It is oval in form and measures from 12 to 15 mm. in length; its upper end is closed and rounded; its lower is continued into the nasolacrimal duct. Its superficial surface is covered by a fibrous expansion derived from the medial palpebral ligament, and its deep surface is crossed by the lacrimal part of the Orbicularis oculi, which is attached to the crest on the lacrimal bone. Like the nasolacrimal duct, the sac is lined by stratified columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting goblet cells, with surrounding connective tissue. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001351 UBERON:FMA_20289-MA_0001298 ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Sac saccus lacrimalis uberon The lacrimal sac is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla. It connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity. This is mainly for high amounts of tears, in which the lacrimal sac pumps inward and outward driven by the orbicularis muscle during blinking. It is oval in form and measures from 12 to 15 mm. in length; its upper end is closed and rounded; its lower is continued into the nasolacrimal duct. Its superficial surface is covered by a fibrous expansion derived from the medial palpebral ligament, and its deep surface is crossed by the lacrimal part of the Orbicularis oculi, which is attached to the crest on the lacrimal bone. Like the nasolacrimal duct, the sac is lined by stratified columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting goblet cells, with surrounding connective tissue. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_sac Wikipedia:Lacrimal_sac saccus lacrimalis external acoustic meatus A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter. AO notes: subdivision of head in FMA. Editor note: consider revisiting superclass after refinement of CARO/EAO, conduit may not be quite correct. Development notes: tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane[PMID 11237469] EHDAA2:0000460 EHDAA:8975 EMAPA:17588 EV:0100356 FMA:61734 GAID:864 MA:0000260 MESH:A.09.246.272.396 OpenCyc:Mx4rvli-nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181178004 UBERON:0001352 UBERON:FMA_20290-MA_0000260 VHOG:0000977 auditory canal auditory meatus ear canal external acoustic tube external auditory canal external auditory meatus external auditory tube galen:ExternalAuditoryMeatus ncithesaurus:External_Acoustic_Meatus uberon PMID:11237469 FMA Wikipedia:Ear_canal ear canal FMA:61734 external acoustic tube FMA:61734 external auditory tube A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter. Wikipedia:External_acoustic_meatus EHDAA2:0000460 auditory meatus EHDAA2 anal region EFO:0000847 EHDAA2:0000122 EHDAA:2931 EMAPA:16831 MA:0000329 MAT:0000042 MIAA:0000042 SCTID:362680001 UBERON:0001353 UBERON:FMA_20347-MA_0000329 VHOG:0000395 WBbt:0006919 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray408.png/200px-Gray408.png ncithesaurus:Anal_Region uberon definitional inferior epigastric artery EMAPA:18751 FMA:20686 In human anatomy, inferior epigastric artery refers to the artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein, the inferior epigastric vein. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001978 OpenCyc:Mx4rdBvQc6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw SCTID:244288009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001354 UBERON:FMA_20686-MA_0001978 arteria epigastrica inferior ncithesaurus:Inferior_Epigastric_Artery uberon In human anatomy, inferior epigastric artery refers to the artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein, the inferior epigastric vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_epigastric_artery Wikipedia:Inferior_epigastric_artery arteria epigastrica inferior deep femoral artery FMA:20741 MA:0002027 SCTID:181348000 The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001355 UBERON:FMA_20741-MA_0002027 arteria profunda femoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray548.png/200px-Gray548.png ncithesaurus:Deep_Femoral_Artery profunda femoris artery uberon The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Deep_femoral_artery medial circumflex femoral artery FMA:20799 MA:0001996 SCTID:244326008 The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001356 UBERON:FMA_20799-MA_0001996 arteria circumflexa femoris medialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Circumflex_femoral_arteries.png/200px-Circumflex_femoral_arteries.png medial femoral circumflex artery uberon The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery arteria circumflexa femoris medialis inferior rectal artery FMA:20824 MA:0001979 SCTID:244304007 The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001357 UBERON:FMA_20824-MA_0001979 arteria rectalis inferior, arteria hæmorrhoidalis inferior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray542.png/200px-Gray542.png inferior hemorrhoidal artery ncithesaurus:Inferior_Rectal_Artery uberon The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery arteria rectalis inferior, arteria hæmorrhoidalis inferior perineal artery FMA:20836 MA:0002017 SCTID:244303001 The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001358 UBERON:FMA_20836-MA_0002017 arteria perinei http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray542.png/200px-Gray542.png ncithesaurus:Perineal_Artery uberon The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Perineal_artery Wikipedia:Perineal_artery arteria perinei cerebrospinal fluid BTO:0000237 BTO:0001280 CSF EFO:0000329 ENVO:02000029 EV:0100311 FMA:20935 GAID:1181 MA:0002503 MAT:0000499 MESH:A.12.207.268 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1798 TAO:0002184 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Transudate contained in the subarachnoid space.[FMA] UBERON:0001359 UBERON:FMA_20935-MA_0002503 VHOG:0001278 ZFA:0001626 cerebral spinal fluid ncithesaurus:Cerebrospinal_Fluid spinal fluid uberon BTO:0000237 spinal fluid ZFA:0001626 cerebral spinal fluid FMA:FMA Transudate contained in the subarachnoid space.[FMA] Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid deep circumflex iliac vein FMA:21182 MA:0002099 SCTID:11653007 The deep circumflex iliac vein is formed by the union of the venæ comitantes of the deep iliac circumflex artery, and joins the external iliac vein about 2 cm. above the inguinal ligament. It also receives small tributary branches from the thoracoepigastric vein [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001360 UBERON:FMA_21182-MA_0002099 deep iliac circumflex vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png uberon vena circumflexa iliaca profunda vena circumflexa ilium profunda Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_vein vena circumflexa ilium profunda The deep circumflex iliac vein is formed by the union of the venæ comitantes of the deep iliac circumflex artery, and joins the external iliac vein about 2 cm. above the inguinal ligament. It also receives small tributary branches from the thoracoepigastric vein [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_vein femoral vein AAO:0010237 EMAPA:17876 FMA:21185 GAID:533 In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002118 MESH:A.07.231.908.314 OpenCyc:Mx4rwFXTLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362071002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001361 UBERON:FMA_21185-MA_0002118 galen:FemoralVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Femoral_triangle.gif/200px-Femoral_triangle.gif ncithesaurus:Femoral_Vein uberon vena femoralis In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Femoral_vein Wikipedia:Femoral_vein vena femoralis perineal vein FMA:21246 MA:0002193 SCTID:312507009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001362 UBERON:FMA_21246-MA_0002193 uberon FMA/obol great saphenous vein BTO:0003271 FMA:21376 MA:0002216 SCTID:181402008 The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001363 UBERON:FMA_21376-MA_0002216 galen:GreatSaphenousVein galen:GreaterSaphenousVein greater saphenous vein large saphenous vein long saphenous vein ncithesaurus:Long_Saphenous_Vein uberon vena saphena magna BTO:0003271 large saphenous vein FMA/obol The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein vena saphena magna circumpennate OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001364 UBERON:FMA_21431-ZFA_0000271 radial radialis radials true uberon FMA:21431 FMA:TA radialis sacro-iliac joint EMAPA:19300 FMA:21440 GAID:268 MA:0001506 MESH:A.02.835.583.707 SCTID:182199004 UBERON:0001365 UBERON:FMA_21440-MA_0001506 articulatio sacro-iliaca ncithesaurus:Sacroiliac_Joint sacroiliac joint the joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. uberon FMA Wikipedia:Sacroiliac_joint the joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. parietal peritoneum AAO:0010816 FMA:21451 MA:0000449 SCTID:362700006 TAO:0005131 The peritoneum that lines the walls of the peritoneal cavity. UBERON:0001366 UBERON:0004459 UBERON:FMA_21451-ZFA_0005131 VHOG:0001527 ZFA:0005131 fix coordinated with ZFA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1040.png/200px-Gray1040.png peritoneal cavity lining uberon The peritoneum that lines the walls of the peritoneal cavity. Wikipedia:Parietal_peritoneum ZFIN:curator MA:0000449 peritoneal cavity lining external anal sphincter EMAPA:18265 FMA:21930 MA:0001531 The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001367 UBERON:FMA_21930-MA_0001531 external sphincter ani http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Anorectum.gif/200px-Anorectum.gif ncithesaurus:External_Anal_Sphincter sphincter ani externus uberon The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sphincter_ani_externus_muscle obturator externus AAO:0010043 An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized]. Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus." [AAO:0010043] FMA:22299 M. obturator externus MA:0002347 SCTID:245026009 UBERON:0001368 UBERON:FMA_22299-MA_0002347 external obturator external obturator external obturatus externus obturator http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG musculus obturatorius externus ncithesaurus:Obturator_Externus_Muscle obturator externus obturatorius externus obturatus externus uberon Wikipedia dbpedia trochanteric fossa of femur dbpedia obturator foramen and obturatory membrane Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle external obturator FMA FMA AAO:0010043 M. obturator externus Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle external obturatus Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle musculus obturatorius externus Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle obturator externus Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle obturatorius externus An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized]. Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle externus obturator FMA Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle obturatus externus iliacus AAO has iliacus major and minor, both of which attach to ilium and femur - consider grouping these somehow EMAPA:19164 FMA:22310 MA:0002318 The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001369 UBERON:FMA_22310-MA_0002318 anterior muscle of pelvic girdle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG iliacus muscle musculus iliacus ncithesaurus:Iliacus uberon dbpedia dbpedia FMA dbpedia The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle dbpedia lesser trochanter of femur Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle musculus iliacus Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle iliacus muscle gluteus maximus EMAPA:18527 FMA:22314 MA:0002309 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The gluteus maximus (or glutæus maximus) is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks. It is a broad and thick fleshy mass of a quadrilateral shape, and forms the prominence of the nates. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. The muscle is remarkably coarse in structure, being made up of fasciculi lying parallel with one another and collected together into large bundles separated by fibrous septa. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001370 UBERON:FMA_22314-MA_0002309 glutaeus maximus muscle gluteus maximus muscle gluteus superficialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG m.gluteus maximus musculus gluteus maximus ncithesaurus:Gluteus_Maximus uberon Gluteal surface of ilium lumbar fascia sacrum sacrotuberous ligament dbpedia The gluteus maximus (or glutæus maximus) is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks. It is a broad and thick fleshy mass of a quadrilateral shape, and forms the prominence of the nates. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. The muscle is remarkably coarse in structure, being made up of fasciculi lying parallel with one another and collected together into large bundles separated by fibrous septa. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle Gluteal surface of ilium lumbar fascia sacrum sacrotuberous ligament dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle gluteus maximus muscle FMA dbpedia Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle musculus gluteus maximus Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle glutaeus maximus muscle Gluteal tuberosity of the femur iliotibial tract dbpedia dbpedia gluteus medius EMAPA:19163 FMA:22315 MA:0002310 The gluteus medius (or glutæus medius), one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001371 UBERON:FMA_22315-MA_0002310 galen:GluteusMedius gluteus medius muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG musculus gluteus medius ncithesaurus:Gluteus_Medius uberon Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle musculus gluteus medius FMA The gluteus medius (or glutæus medius), one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle Greater trochanter of the femur dbpedia Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle gluteus medius muscle FMA Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus maximus dbpedia Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle musculus gluteus medius psoas minor BTO:0001878 EMAPA:18170 FMA:22350 MA:0002359 SCTID:244954007 The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle that, when present, is placed in front of the psoas major muscle. It is absent in 40% of individuals. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001372 UBERON:FMA_22350-MA_0002359 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray430.png/200px-Gray430.png m. psoas minor ncithesaurus:Psoas_Minor psoas minor muscle uberon Wikipedia:Psoas_minor_muscle m. psoas minor The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle that, when present, is placed in front of the psoas major muscle. It is absent in 40% of individuals. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Psoas_minor_muscle MA dbpedia sartorius BTO:0001215 EHDAA2:0001776 EHDAA:10583 FMA:22353 M. sartorius MA:0002368 Taxon notes (via VHOG): "The ambiens of reptiles and the iliotibialis of amphibians are likely homologues of the sartorius." Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, Fourth Edition (2006) McGraw-Hill, p.391 [VHOG:0001192]. No iliotibialis in AAO - M. sartorius has def: "Originates on the ventral pelvic rim, the pubic region, and the ventral surface of the adductor longus. The insertion bifurcates distally; the ventral portion attaches to the aponeurosis of the cruralis and the dorsal part attaches to the distal attachment of the gracilis major, the semitendinosus, and to the aponeurosis of the cruralis." [AAO:0010027]. We do NOT group this AAO class here at this stage until further evidence of shared attachments The Sartorius muscle – the longest muscle in the human body – is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle. UBERON:0001373 UBERON:FMA_22353-MA_0002368 VHOG:0001192 galen:Sartorius musculus sartorius ncithesaurus:Sartorius_Muscle sartorius muscle uberon dbpedia femoral nerve Wikipedia:Sartorius_muscle musculus sartorius The Sartorius muscle – the longest muscle in the human body – is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle. Wikipedia:Sartorius_muscle anteromedial surface of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus dbpedia biceps femoris BTO:0003418 EFO:0001418 FMA:22356 MA:0002270 SCTID:181672002 The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001374 UBERON:FMA_22356-MA_0002270 biceps femoris muscle galen:BicepsFemoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG/200px-Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG musculus biceps femoris ncithesaurus:Biceps_Femoris uberon Wikipedia:Biceps_femoris_muscle musculus biceps femoris dbpedia the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Biceps_femoris_muscle dbpedia BTO:0003418 biceps femoris muscle dbpedia the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle dbpedia dbpedia long head: tibial nerveshort head: common peroneal nerve semitendinosus BTO:0001236 FMA:22357 MA:0002375 SCTID:181685004 The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh; it is one of the hamstrings. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001375 UBERON:FMA_22357-MA_0002375 galen:Semitendinosus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG/200px-Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG musculus semitendinosus ncithesaurus:Semitendinosus semitendinosus muscle uberon BTO:0001236 musculus semitendinosus Wikipedia:Semitendinosus_muscle musculus semitendinosus The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh; it is one of the hamstrings. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Semitendinosus_muscle dbpedia dbpedia tensor fasciae latae FMA:22423 MA:0002391 SCTID:181671009 The tensor fasciae latae or tensor fasciæ latæ is a muscle of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001376 UBERON:FMA_22423-MA_0002391 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG musculus tensor fasciae latae ncithesaurus:Tensor_Fasciae_Lata tensor fasciae lata tensor of fascia lata uberon FMA:22423 FMA:TA musculus tensor fasciae latae The tensor fasciae latae or tensor fasciæ latæ is a muscle of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tensor_fasciae_latae quadriceps femoris BTO:0001149 EFO:0001938 EHDAA2:0001583 EHDAA:8299 EMAPA:19073 EMAPA:19146 FMA:22428 MA:0002363 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjd-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The quadriceps femoris, also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. It is the strongest and leanest muscle in the human body. It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course. The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles: Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh). Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh). Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh). All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella (knee cap) via the quadriceps tendon. The quadriceps is also involved in Lombard's Paradox. The proper plural form of the adjective quadriceps is quadricipes, a form not in general use; instead, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural (i.e. , when referring to both legs). The form quadricep &#91;sic&#93;, though common even in professional contexts, is incorrect. The error may derive from a mistaken belief that quadriceps is a plural noun (rather than an adjective in the singular), since English typically forms its plurals with the addition of the letter s to the end of a word stem. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001377 UBERON:FMA_22428-MA_0002363 VHOG:0000828 galen:QuadricepsFemoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg musculus quadriceps femoris ncithesaurus:Quadriceps_Muscle_of_the_Thigh quadricep muscle quadriceps quadriceps femoris muscle quadriceps muscle quadriceps muscle of the thigh quadriceps muscle of thigh uberon The quadriceps femoris, also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. It is the strongest and leanest muscle in the human body. It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course. The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles: Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh). Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh). Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh). All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella (knee cap) via the quadriceps tendon. The quadriceps is also involved in Lombard's Paradox. The proper plural form of the adjective quadriceps is quadricipes, a form not in general use; instead, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural (i.e. , when referring to both legs). The form quadricep &#91;sic&#93;, though common even in professional contexts, is incorrect. The error may derive from a mistaken belief that quadriceps is a plural noun (rather than an adjective in the singular), since English typically forms its plurals with the addition of the letter s to the end of a word stem. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Quadriceps_femoris_muscle BTO:0001149 quadriceps muscle dbpedia BTO:0001149 musculus quadriceps femoris combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles dbpedia BTO:0001149 quadriceps muscle of the thigh BTO:0001149 quadriceps muscle of thigh Wikipedia:Quadriceps_femoris_muscle musculus quadriceps femoris BTO:0001149 quadricep muscle dbpedia tibial tuberosity rectus femoris BTO:0001564 FMA:22430 MA:0002365 SCTID:181679006 The Rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament. ) The Rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001378 UBERON:FMA_22430-MA_0002365 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rectus_femoris.png/200px-Rectus_femoris.png musculus rectos femoris ncithesaurus:Rectus_Femoris uberon anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia The Rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament. ) The Rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Rectus_femoris_muscle vastus lateralis BTO:0001563 EFO:0001937 FMA:22431 MA:0002402 The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001379 UBERON:FMA_22431-MA_0002402 galen:VastusLateralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg lateralis ncithesaurus:Vastus_Lateralis uberon vastus externus The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vastus_lateralis BTO:0001563 vastus externus vastus medialis BTO:0004913 FMA:22432 MA:0002403 The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001380 UBERON:FMA_22432-MA_0002403 galen:VastusMedialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vastus_medialis.png/200px-Vastus_medialis.png medialis uberon The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vastus_medialis dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia semimembranosus BTO:0003177 FMA:22438 MA:0002371 The semimembranosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh. It is the most medial of the three hamstring muscles. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001381 UBERON:FMA_22438-MA_0002371 galen:Semimembranosus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Semimembranosus_muscle.PNG/200px-Semimembranosus_muscle.PNG musculus semimembranosus ncithesaurus:Semimembranosus uberon BTO:0003177 musculus semimembranosus The semimembranosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh. It is the most medial of the three hamstring muscles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Semimembranosus pectineus AAO:0010036 An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior part of the upper and medial aspect of the thigh. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [WP,generalized]. Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the lateral border of the ilium and the anterior margin of the pubis. It inserts on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft." [AAO:0010036] FMA:22440 M. pectineus MA:0002353 UBERON:0001382 UBERON:FMA_22440-MA_0002353 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG musculus pectineus ncithesaurus:Pectineus pectineus muscle uberon dbpedia Femoral nerve sometimes obturator nerve dbpedia Femoral nerve sometimes obturator nerve dbpedia AAO:0010036 M. pectineus Wikipedia:Pectineus_muscle musculus pectineus dbpedia pectineal line - superior pubic ramus An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior part of the upper and medial aspect of the thigh. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [WP,generalized]. Wikipedia:Pectineus_muscle Wikipedia muscle of leg . BTO:0000722 MA:0000672 Terminology notes: see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'. UBERON:0001383 UBERON:FMA_22471-MA_0000672 leg muscle leg muscle organ muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod muscle of upper/lower leg muscle organ of leg uberon OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod OBOL:automatic muscle organ of leg OBOL:automatic leg muscle organ . Wikipedia:Leg_muscle primary motor cortex BM:Tel-Cx-M1 BTO:0004348 EFO:0002472 FMA:224854 MA:0000907 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.270.548 SCTID:11931008 TODO: in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 UBERON:0001384 UBERON:FMA_224854-MA_0000907 a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). The human primary motor cortex is located in the dorsal part of the precentral gyrus and the anterior bank of the central sulcus. The precentral gyrus is in front of the postcentral gyrus from which it is separated by the central sulcus. Its anterior border is the precentral sulcus, while inferiorly it borders to the lateral fissure (Sylvian fissure). Medially, it is contiguous with the paracentral lobule. gyrus precentralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ba4.png/200px-Ba4.png motor cortex ncithesaurus:Primary_Motor_Cortex prefrontal gyrus uberon Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex prefrontal gyrus MA-modified TODO: in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 FMA:224854 motor cortex Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex gyrus precentralis MA Wikipedia Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). The human primary motor cortex is located in the dorsal part of the precentral gyrus and the anterior bank of the central sulcus. The precentral gyrus is in front of the postcentral gyrus from which it is separated by the central sulcus. Its anterior border is the precentral sulcus, while inferiorly it borders to the lateral fissure (Sylvian fissure). Medially, it is contiguous with the paracentral lobule. tibialis anterior BTO:0001382 EFO:0001385 FMA:22532 In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki]. MA:0002395 SCTID:181696007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001385 UBERON:FMA_22532-MA_0002395 anterior tibialis galen:TibialisAnterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray1240.png/200px-Gray1240.png ibialis anticus musculus tibialis anterior ncithesaurus:Tibialis_Cranialis tibialis anterior muscle tibialis cranialis tibilais cranialis uberon BTO:0001382 anterior tibialis dbpedia dbpedia medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki]. Wikipedia:Tibialis_anterior_muscle http://evolutionwiki.org/wiki/M._tibialis_cranialis dbpedia medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot MA:0002395 tibialis cranialis Wikipedia:Tibialis_anterior_muscle musculus tibialis anterior dbpedia BTO:0001382 tibialis anterior muscle dbpedia BTO:0001382 ibialis anticus extensor digitorum longus BTO:0000436 FMA:22534 MA:0002295 The Extensor digitorum longus is a pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the front of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001386 UBERON:FMA_22534-MA_0002295 extensor digitorum longus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1241.png/200px-Gray1241.png musculus extensor digitorum longus ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Longus uberon The Extensor digitorum longus is a pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the front of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane dbpedia BTO Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane dbpedia Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane dbpedia Dorsal surface; middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits dbpedia BTO:0000436 extensor digitorum longus muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle musculus extensor digitorum longus fibularis longus FMA:22539 In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle. It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve). [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002356 SCTID:361825008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001387 UBERON:FMA_22539-MA_0002356 fibularis longus fibularis longus muscle galen:PeroneusLongus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray1240.png/200px-Gray1240.png musculus peroneus longus ncithesaurus:Peroneus_Longus peronaei longus peronaeus longus peroneous longus peroneus longus peroneus longus muscle peroneus longus muscle uberon Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus peronaei longus Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus fibularis longus dbpedia Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus peronaeus longus In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle. It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus dbpedia Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus peroneus longus muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus peroneous longus Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus fibularis longus muscle FMA:22539 FMA:TA musculus peroneus longus gastrocnemius BTO:0000506 EFO:0001413 EHDAA2:0000701 EHDAA:8293 FMA:22541 In humans, the gastrocnemius muscle is a very powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg and also called the calf. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002306 SCTID:181700004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001388 UBERON:FMA_22541-MA_0002306 VHOG:0001193 galen:Gastrocnemius gastrocnemius muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png/200px-Gastrocnemius.png m.gastrocnemius musculus gastrocnemius ncithesaurus:Gastrocnemius_Muscle uberon BTO:0000506 gastrocnemius muscle dbpedia tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus In humans, the gastrocnemius muscle is a very powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg and also called the calf. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gastrocnemius_muscle Wikipedia:Gastrocnemius_muscle musculus gastrocnemius dbpedia superior to articular surfaces of lateral condyle of femur and medial condyle of femur dbpedia dbpedia tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus dbpedia tibial nerve from the sciatic specifically nerve roots FMA soleus BTO:0001265 EFO:0001946 FMA:22542 MA:0002424 SCTID:181702007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001389 UBERON:FMA_22542-MA_0002424 a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Its name is derived from the solefish whose shape it resembles. The soleus is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. Not all mammals have a soleus muscle; one familiar species that lacks the soleus is the dog. galen:Soleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg ncithesaurus:Soleus soleus muscle uberon dbpedia dbpedia tibial nerve specifically nerve roots dbpedia Wikipedia:Soleus_muscle a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Its name is derived from the solefish whose shape it resembles. The soleus is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. Not all mammals have a soleus muscle; one familiar species that lacks the soleus is the dog. BTO:0001265 soleus muscle dbpedia fibula medial border of tibia sural artery FMA:22570 MA:0002058 SCTID:302693002 The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001390 UBERON:FMA_22570-MA_0002058 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gray551.png/200px-Gray551.png ncithesaurus:External_Sural_Artery uberon The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sural_artery popliteus FMA:22590 MA:0002554 The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001391 UBERON:FMA_22590-MA_0002554 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray439.png/200px-Gray439.png m.popliteus musculus popliteus popliteal muscle popliteus muscle uberon dbpedia middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle dbpedia dbpedia posterior-medial tibia under the tibial condyles Wikipedia:Popliteus_muscle musculus popliteus The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Popliteus_muscle flexor hallucis longus FMA:22593 MA:0002301 The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) is a muscle of the leg. It is one of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. The other deep muscles of the leg are flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior. FHL is the largest and most powerful of these deep muscles. The Flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm. at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the Peronæi, laterally, and from the fascia covering the Tibialis posterior, medially. The fibers pass obliquely downward and backward, and end in a tendon which occupies nearly the whole length of the posterior surface of the muscle. This tendon lies in a groove which crosses the posterior surface of the lower end of the tibia, the posterior surface of the talus, and the under surface of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus; in the sole of the foot it runs forward between the two heads of the Flexor hallucis brevis, and is inserted into the base of the last phalanx of the great toe. The grooves on the talus and calcaneus, which contain the tendon of the muscle, are converted by tendinous fibers into distinct canals, lined by a mucous sheath. As the tendon passes forward in the sole of the foot, it is situated above, and crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the tendon of the Flexor digitorum longus, to which it is connected by a fibrous slip. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001392 UBERON:FMA_22593-MA_0002301 flexor hallucis longus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png ncithesaurus:Flexor_Hallucis_Longus uberon dbpedia tibial nerve S1 and S2 nerve roots The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) is a muscle of the leg. It is one of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. The other deep muscles of the leg are flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior. FHL is the largest and most powerful of these deep muscles. The Flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm. at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the Peronæi, laterally, and from the fascia covering the Tibialis posterior, medially. The fibers pass obliquely downward and backward, and end in a tendon which occupies nearly the whole length of the posterior surface of the muscle. This tendon lies in a groove which crosses the posterior surface of the lower end of the tibia, the posterior surface of the talus, and the under surface of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus; in the sole of the foot it runs forward between the two heads of the Flexor hallucis brevis, and is inserted into the base of the last phalanx of the great toe. The grooves on the talus and calcaneus, which contain the tendon of the muscle, are converted by tendinous fibers into distinct canals, lined by a mucous sheath. As the tendon passes forward in the sole of the foot, it is situated above, and crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the tendon of the Flexor digitorum longus, to which it is connected by a fibrous slip. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle flexor hallucis longus muscle Plantar surface; base of distal phalanx of hallux dbpedia dbpedia fibula posterior aspect of middle 1/3 auditory cortex A1 (primary auditory cortex) BTO:0004343 FMA:226221 GAID:682 MA:0000942 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.863.297 The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory information. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001393 UBERON:FMA_226221-MA_0000942 anterior transverse temporal area 41 auditory cortex brodmann area 41 brodmann area 41 & 42 brodmann area 42 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Brodmann_41_42.png/200px-Brodmann_41_42.png ncithesaurus:Auditory_Cortex posterior transverse temporal area 42 primary auditory cortex temporal auditory neocortex uberon GEO:GSE13344 temporal auditory neocortex MA FMA Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex brodmann area 41 Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex anterior transverse temporal area 41 Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex posterior transverse temporal area 42 Wikipedia:Auditory_cortex primary auditory cortex The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory information. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Auditory_cortex Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex auditory cortex A1 (primary auditory cortex) Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex brodmann area 41 & 42 Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex brodmann area 42 axillary artery EMAPA:18749 FMA:22654 GAID:473 In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002573 MESH:A.07.231.114.085 OpenCyc:Mx4rwRh-vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181321001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001394 UBERON:FMA_22654-MA_0002573 arteria axillaris axillary part of subclavian artery axillary part of trunk of subclavian artery galen:AxillaryArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Axillary_limits.PNG/200px-Axillary_limits.PNG ncithesaurus:Axillary_Artery uberon FMA:22654 axillary part of subclavian artery Wikipedia:Axillary_artery arteria axillaris In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Axillary_artery thoraco-acromial artery FMA:22671 MA:0002064 SCTID:244315002 The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001395 UBERON:FMA_22671-MA_0002064 acromiothoracic artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG/200px-Axillary_branches.PNG ncithesaurus:Acromial_Thoracic_Artery thoracoacromial artery uberon The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoraco-acromial_artery lateral thoracic artery FMA:22674 In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001989 SCTID:206135006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001396 UBERON:FMA_22674-MA_0001989 arteria thoracalis lateralis external mammary artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG/200px-Axillary_branches.PNG ncithesaurus:Lateral_Thoracic_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_artery Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_artery arteria thoracalis lateralis subscapular artery FMA:22677 MA:0002050 SCTID:244311006 The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001397 UBERON:FMA_22677-MA_0002050 arteria subscapularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG/200px-Axillary_branches.PNG ncithesaurus:Subscapular_Artery uberon The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery arteria subscapularis brachial artery AAO:0010504 FMA:22689 GAID:475 MA:0001921 MESH:A.07.231.114.139 OpenCyc:Mx4rwM-i5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181322008 The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001398 UBERON:FMA_22689-MA_0001921 arteria brachialis brachial part of trunk of subclavian artery galen:BrachialArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray525.png/200px-Gray525.png ncithesaurus:Brachial_Artery uberon The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brachial_artery Wikipedia:Brachial_artery arteria brachialis deep brachial artery FMA:22695 MA:0002026 SCTID:41065002 The arteria profunda brachii (also known as deep artery of the arm and the deep brachial artery) is a large vessel which arises from the medial and back part of the brachial, just below the lower border of the Teres major. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001399 UBERON:FMA_22695-MA_0002026 arteria profunda brachii http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray526.png/200px-Gray526.png profunda brachii artery uberon The arteria profunda brachii (also known as deep artery of the arm and the deep brachial artery) is a large vessel which arises from the medial and back part of the brachial, just below the lower border of the Teres major. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Deep_brachial_artery FMA:22695 FMA:TA arteria profunda brachii iliocostalis thoracis FMA:22703 MA:0002320 The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001400 UBERON:FMA_22703-MA_0002320 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Iliostalis.png/200px-Iliostalis.png uberon The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iliocostalis_thoracis longissimus thoracis AAO:0010775 BTO:0001651 Editor's note: TODO - add logical definition to determine if AAO class belongs here FMA:22709 MA:0002339 The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001401 UBERON:FMA_22709-MA_0002339 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png longissimus dorsi musculus longissimus thoracis ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Thoracis uberon FMA BTO:0001651 musculus longissimus thoracis The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_thoracis BTO:0001651 longissimus dorsi longissimus cervicis BTO:0001650 FMA:22711 MA:0002337 The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001402 UBERON:FMA_22711-MA_0002337 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png musculus longissimus cervicis ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Cervicis uberon The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_cervicis BTO:0001650 musculus longissimus cervicis longissimus capitis BTO:0001649 FMA:22714 MA:0002336 The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001403 UBERON:FMA_22714-MA_0002336 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png musculus longissimus capitis ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Capitis trachelomastoid muscle uberon BTO:0001649 musculus longissimus capitis The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_capitis BTO:0001649 trachelomastoid muscle radial artery A. Radialis FMA:22730 GAID:506 In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the lateral aspect of the forearm. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002034 MESH:A.07.231.114.740 OpenCyc:Mx4rvxzeR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181332001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001404 UBERON:FMA_22730-MA_0002034 galen:RadialArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray1237.svg/200px-Gray1237.svg.png ncithesaurus:Radial_Artery uberon A. Radialis Wikipedia:Radial_artery In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the lateral aspect of the forearm. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Radial_artery spinalis thoracis FMA:22765 MA:0002381 SCTID:244863005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001405 UBERON:FMA_22765-MA_0002381 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spinalis.png/200px-Spinalis.png ncithesaurus:Spinalis_Thoracis uberon FMA ulnar artery A. Ulnaris FMA:22796 GAID:515 MA:0002069 MESH:A.07.231.114.920 OpenCyc:Mx4rwAF2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181333006 The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001406 UBERON:FMA_22796-MA_0002069 galen:UlnarArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray1237.svg/200px-Gray1237.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ulnar_Artery uberon The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ulnar_artery A. Ulnaris Wikipedia:Ulnar_artery semispinalis thoracis FMA:22828 MA:0002374 The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted, by tendons, into the spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001407 UBERON:FMA_22828-MA_0002374 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Semispinalis.png/200px-Semispinalis.png musculus semispinalis thoracis, musculus semispinalis dorsi ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Thoracis semispinalis dorsi semispinalis dorsi muscle uberon dbpedia spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi semispinalis dorsi muscle FMA The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted, by tendons, into the spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi musculus semispinalis thoracis, musculus semispinalis dorsi dbpedia transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebre Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi semispinalis dorsi semispinalis cervicis FMA:22829 MA:0002373 The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001408 UBERON:FMA_22829-MA_0002373 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/200px-Gray384.png musculus semispinalis cervicis ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Cervicis uberon FMA The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Semispinalis_cervicis Wikipedia:Semispinalis_cervicis musculus semispinalis cervicis dbpedia transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ cervical spinous processes from the axis to the fifth dbpedia semispinalis capitis FMA:22830 MA:0002372 The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebræ, and from the articular processes of the three cervical above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. The medial part, usually more or less distinct from the remainder of the muscle, is frequently termed the Spinalis capitis; it is also named the Biventer cervicis since it is traversed by an imperfect tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001409 UBERON:FMA_22830-MA_0002372 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/200px-Gray384.png musculus semispinalis capitis ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Capitis uberon Wikipedia:Semispinalis_capitis musculus semispinalis capitis FMA The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebræ, and from the articular processes of the three cervical above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. The medial part, usually more or less distinct from the remainder of the muscle, is frequently termed the Spinalis capitis; it is also named the Biventer cervicis since it is traversed by an imperfect tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Semispinalis_capitis Transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna dbpedia common palmar digital artery FMA:22852 MA:0001957 SCTID:38396009 Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles. UBERON:0001410 UBERON:FMA_22852-MA_0001957 common palmar digital arteries ncithesaurus:Common_Palmar_Digital_Artery the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery uberon Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles. Wikipedia:Common_palmar_digital_artery basilic vein FMA:22908 In human anatomy, the basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of hand and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the hand, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002086 OpenCyc:Mx4rvwrxEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181393008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001411 UBERON:FMA_22908-MA_0002086 basilic vein of forearm galen:BasilicVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png ncithesaurus:Basilic_Vein uberon vena basilica antebrachii FMA:22908 FMA:TA vena basilica antebrachii FMA/obol FMA/obol In human anatomy, the basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of hand and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the hand, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Basilic_vein common palmar digital vein FMA:22923 MA:0002121 Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal. UBERON:0001412 UBERON:FMA_22923-MA_0002121 proximal palmar digital vein uberon Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins proximal palmar digital vein brachial vein AAO:0010512 FMA:22934 In human anatomy, the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper. Because they are deep to muscle, they are considered deep veins. Their course is that of the brachial artery (in reverse): they begin where radial veins and ulnar veins join (corresponding to the bifurcation of the brachial artery). They end at the inferior border of the teres major muscle. At this point, the brachial veins join the basilic vein to form the axillary vein. The brachial veins also have small tributaries that drain the muscles of the upper arm, such as biceps brachii muscle and triceps brachii muscle. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002087 OpenCyc:Mx4rwS3In5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181390006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001413 UBERON:FMA_22934-MA_0002087 galen:BrachialVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png ncithesaurus:Brachial_Vein uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol In human anatomy, the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper. Because they are deep to muscle, they are considered deep veins. Their course is that of the brachial artery (in reverse): they begin where radial veins and ulnar veins join (corresponding to the bifurcation of the brachial artery). They end at the inferior border of the teres major muscle. At this point, the brachial veins join the basilic vein to form the axillary vein. The brachial veins also have small tributaries that drain the muscles of the upper arm, such as biceps brachii muscle and triceps brachii muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brachial_vein median cubital vein FMA:22963 In human anatomy, the median cubital vein (or median basilic vein) a superficial vein of the upper limb. It connects the basilic and cephalic vein and is often used for venipuncture (taking blood). It lies in the cubital fossa superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis. There exists a fair amount of variation of the median cubital vein. More commonly the vein forms an H-pattern with the cephalic and basilic veins making up the sides. Other forms include an M-pattern, where the vein branches to the cephalic and basilic veins. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002176 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzQSYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181392003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001414 UBERON:FMA_22963-MA_0002176 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray574.png/200px-Gray574.png uberon vena mediana cubiti FMA/obol FMA/obol Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein vena mediana cubiti In human anatomy, the median cubital vein (or median basilic vein) a superficial vein of the upper limb. It connects the basilic and cephalic vein and is often used for venipuncture (taking blood). It lies in the cubital fossa superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis. There exists a fair amount of variation of the median cubital vein. More commonly the vein forms an H-pattern with the cephalic and basilic veins making up the sides. Other forms include an M-pattern, where the vein branches to the cephalic and basilic veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein FMA/obol skin of pelvis A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. FMA:22984 MA:0000546 SCTID:181517009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001415 UBERON:FMA_22984-MA_0000546 pelvic skin pelvis skin pelvis zone of skin uberon zone of skin of pelvis OBOL:automatic pelvis zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of pelvis skin of abdomen A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. EFO:0000214 FMA:22988 FMA:23000 MA:0000523 SCTID:361707007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001416 UBERON:FMA_22988-MA_0000523 abdomen skin abdomen zone of skin abdominal skin ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Skin skin of abdomen proper uberon zone of skin of abdomen MA MA OBOL:automatic abdomen zone of skin FMA:22988 skin of abdomen proper A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of abdomen skin of neck A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Obol]. FMA:23021 FMA:23022 MA:0000590 SCTID:361705004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001417 UBERON:FMA_23021-MA_0000590 ncithesaurus:Neck_Skin neck (volume) zone of skin neck skin neck zone of skin uberon zone of skin of neck zone of skin of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of neck (volume) A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of neck OBOL:automatic neck zone of skin skin of thorax A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Obol]. FMA:23028 FMA:23029 MA:0000564 SCTID:281723000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001418 UBERON:FMA_23028-MA_0000564 thoracic skin thorax skin thorax zone of skin uberon upper body skin zone of skin of thorax A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic thorax zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of thorax skin of limb A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Obol]. FMA:23100 MA:0000694 SCTID:314403009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001419 UBERON:FMA_23100-MA_0000694 limb skin limb zone of skin uberon zone of skin of limb OBOL:automatic zone of skin of limb OBOL:automatic limb zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic subscapular vein FMA:23113 MA:0002224 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001420 UBERON:FMA_23113-MA_0002224 uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol pectoral girdle region An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. FMA:23217 Note that this class describes the organism subdivision, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). TODO - logical definition UBERON:0001421 UBERON:FMA_23217-MA_0000292-MIAA_0000181-XAO_0003063-ZFA_0000407 cingulum membri superioris cingulum membri superioris girdle - pectoral pectoral girdle shoulder girdle uberon upper limb girdle FMA:TA cingulum membri superioris FMA:23217 FMA:TA cingulum membri superioris FMA:23217 shoulder girdle An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. FMA:23217 UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 FMA:23217 upper limb girdle facial lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Obol]. FL FMA:233946 TAO:0005108 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001422 UBERON:FMA_233946-ZFA_0005108 ZFA:0005108 buccal lymphatic vessel face lymph vessel face lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of face lymphatic vessel of face uberon OBOL:automatic lymph vessel of face A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic face lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic face lymph vessel OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel of face radius bone AAO:0000788 EMAPA:18466 EMAPA:19103 FMA:23463 GAID:185 In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb. Its structure is similar in most terrestrial tetrapods, but it may be fused with the ulna in some mammals (such as horses) and reduced or modified in animals with flippers or vestigial forelimbs [ISBN:0-03-910284-X] MA:0001357 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.702 OpenCyc:Mx4rwUsDcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181940002 The radius is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. The radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, the radial notch and the head of the ulna. The corresponding bone in the lower leg is the tibia.. UBERON:0001423 UBERON:FMA_23463-MA_0001357 VSAO:0005012 galen:Radius ncithesaurus:Radius_Bone radius uberon MA:0001357 radius definitional The radius is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. The radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, the radial notch and the head of the ulna. The corresponding bone in the lower leg is the tibia.. Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) VSAO ulna AAO:0000789 EMAPA:18467 EMAPA:19104 FMA:23466 GAID:188 MA:0001358 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.911 OpenCyc:Mx4rwPtIM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181948009 The ulna is a long bone, prismatic in form. In anatomical position the ulna is placed at the medial side of the forearm closest to the body, parallel with the radius on both arms. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001424 UBERON:FMA_23466-MA_0001358 VSAO:0005013 galen:Ulna http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_upper_extremity.jpg ncithesaurus:Ulna uberon VSAO definitional The ulna is a long bone, prismatic in form. In anatomical position the ulna is placed at the medial side of the forearm closest to the body, parallel with the radius on both arms. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ulna pectoral lymphatic vessel FMA:234865 PL TAO:0005107 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001425 UBERON:FMA_234865-ZFA_0005107 ZFA:0005107 uberon jugular lymphatic vessel FMA:234908 JL TAO:0005109 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001426 UBERON:FMA_234908-ZFA_0005109 ZFA:0005109 uberon scaphoid AAO:0000790 FMA:23709 GAID:180 MA:0002555 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.144.650 OpenCyc:Mx4rwAwWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181958008 The scaphoid Bone is situated at the radial (radius bone) side of the carpus, or laterally between the hand and the forearm in standard medical posture (thumbs pointing outwards). The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist bones, its long axis being from above downward, lateralward, and forward. It is approximately the size and shape of a medium sized cashew. The bone takes a semi-similar form of a boat. In reptiles, birds, and amphibians, this bone is instead commonly referred to as the radiale, because of its articulation with the radius. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001427 UBERON:FMA_23709-MA_0002555 galen:Scaphoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png navicular bone of hand navicular of hand ncithesaurus:Scaphoid_Bone os carpi radiale os naviculare manus os scaphoideum radial carpal bone radiale scaphoid bone scaphoideum todo - check AAO placement; in rodents this is fused with the lunate to make the scapholunate uberon AAO:0000790 Wikipedia:Scaphoid radiale The scaphoid Bone is situated at the radial (radius bone) side of the carpus, or laterally between the hand and the forearm in standard medical posture (thumbs pointing outwards). The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist bones, its long axis being from above downward, lateralward, and forward. It is approximately the size and shape of a medium sized cashew. The bone takes a semi-similar form of a boat. In reptiles, birds, and amphibians, this bone is instead commonly referred to as the radiale, because of its articulation with the radius. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scaphoid Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone os scaphoideum Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone scaphoideum Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone os naviculare manus lunate FMA:23712 GAID:181 MA:0002556 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.144.663 SCTID:181959000 Taxon notes: articulating with the ulnare and the radiale[VSAO}. human articulations: radius proximally capitate and hamate distally scaphoid laterally triangular medially The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone (wrist bone) in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center of the proximal row of the carpus (wrist) region between the fore arm and hand (manus). In standard medical posture, the lunate carpal bone is situated between the lateral Scaphoid bone and medial Triquetral bone. The lunate carpal bone straddles distally the bordering ulna and radius bones and proximally to distal carpus (wrist) Trapezium bone and Trapezoid bone[WP]. UBERON:0001428 UBERON:FMA_23712-MA_0002556 VSAO:0005040 galen:Lunate intermediate carpal bone lunar lunate bone ncithesaurus:Lunate_Bone os carpi intermedium os lunatum os lunatum semilunar semilunar bone uberon The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone (wrist bone) in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center of the proximal row of the carpus (wrist) region between the fore arm and hand (manus). In standard medical posture, the lunate carpal bone is situated between the lateral Scaphoid bone and medial Triquetral bone. The lunate carpal bone straddles distally the bordering ulna and radius bones and proximally to distal carpus (wrist) Trapezium bone and Trapezoid bone[WP]. Wikipedia:Lunate_bone FMA VSAO:0005040 os lunatum VSAO:0005040 lunar Wikipedia:Lunate_bone os lunatum pisiform FMA:23718 MA:0001339 OpenCyc:Mx4rvtByTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:9181003 The pisiform bone (also called pisiform or lentiform bone) is a small knobbly, pea-shaped wrist bone. The pisiform bone is found in the proximal row of the carpus. It is located where the ulna (inner bone of the forearm when in anatomical position) joins the carpus (wrist). It articulates only with the triquetral. It is a sesamoid bone. The pisiform bone may be known by its small size, and by its presenting a single articular facet. It is situated on a plane anterior to the other carpal bones and is spheroidal in form. The etymology derives from the Latin pīsum which means 'pea.' [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001429 UBERON:FMA_23718-MA_0001339 accessory carpal bone galen:Pisiform http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png ncithesaurus:Pisiform_Bone os pisiforme pisiform bone todo - classify as sesamoid? uberon Wikipedia:Pisiform_bone os pisiforme FMA:23718 pisiform bone The pisiform bone (also called pisiform or lentiform bone) is a small knobbly, pea-shaped wrist bone. The pisiform bone is found in the proximal row of the carpus. It is located where the ulna (inner bone of the forearm when in anatomical position) joins the carpus (wrist). It articulates only with the triquetral. It is a sesamoid bone. The pisiform bone may be known by its small size, and by its presenting a single articular facet. It is situated on a plane anterior to the other carpal bones and is spheroidal in form. The etymology derives from the Latin pīsum which means 'pea.' [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pisiform_bone FMA MA MA:0001339 accessory carpal bone distal carpal bone 1 . AAO:0010634 FMA:23721 MA:0001340 OpenCyc:Mx4rv3CbrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361780007 Taxon notes: located between radiale and first metacarpal[VSAO]. in humans - The capitate articulates with 1st metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezoid medially, 2nd metacarpal medially[WP] UBERON:0001430 UBERON:FMA_23721-MA_0001340 VSAO:0005043 carpal 1 distal carpal 1 galen:Trapezium greater multangular bone greater multiangular hand distal carpal bone 1 ncithesaurus:Trapezial_Bone os trapezium trapezial bone trapezium trapezium bone uberon FMA VSAO:0005043 os trapezium MA:0001340 hand distal carpal bone 1 VSAO:0005043 distal carpal 1 MA:0001340 greater multiangular FMA:23721 trapezium bone . Wikipedia:Trapezium_(bone) VSAO:0005043 trapezium FMA:23721 trapezial bone AAO:0010634 carpal 1 distal carpal bone 2 . AAO:0000848 FMA:23724 MA:0001341 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVvsjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvxNWBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361781006 Taxon notes: located in the distal part of the carpus and articulating with the second metacarpal, the distal carpals 1 and 2 and the radiale.[VSAO] in humans - The capitate articulates with 2nd metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezium medially, capitate medially[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2)[AAO] UBERON:0001431 UBERON:FMA_23724-MA_0001341 VSAO:0005044 carpal 2 distal carpal 2 galen:Trapezoid hand distal carpal bone 2 lesser multangular bone lesser multiangular ncithesaurus:Trapezoid_Bone os trapezoideum trapezoid trapezoid bone uberon . Wikipedia:Trapezoid_(bone) MA:0001341 hand distal carpal bone 2 AAO:0000848 carpal 2 VSAO:0005044 trapezoid FMA:23724 lesser multangular bone VSAO:0005044 os trapezoideum FMA:23724 trapezoid bone MA:0001341 lesser multiangular VSAO:0005044 distal carpal 2 distal carpal bone 3 . AAO:0000849 FMA:23727 MA:0001342 OpenCyc:Mx4rvZFPrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181964001 Taxon notes: medially located and articulates with metacarpals 2-4, distal carpal 5 and the intermedium[VSAO] In the human hand, the capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist - The capitate articulates with seven bones: the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the second metacarpal, third metacarpal, and fourth metacarpal distally, the lesser multangular on the radial side, and the hamate on the ulnar side[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to carpals 2(1), 4(3), 5(4), or other elements[AAO] UBERON:0001432 UBERON:FMA_23727-MA_0001342 VSAO:0005045 capitate capitate bone carpal 3 distal carpal 3 galen:Capitate hand distal carpal bone 3 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png magnum ncithesaurus:Capitate_Bone os capitatum os magnum os magnum (carpus) uberon . Wikipedia:Capitate_bone MA:0001342 hand distal carpal bone 3 FMA VSAO:0005045 distal carpal 3 Wikipedia:Capitate_bone os capitatum FMA:23727 os magnum (carpus) VSAO:0005045 magnum MA:0001342 capitate AAO:0000849 carpal 3 FMA:23727 capitate bone distal carpal bone 4 . AAO:0000850 FMA:23730 MA:0001343 OpenCyc:Mx4rwFTmuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181967008 Taxon notes: articulates with the lunar, distal carpal 3, the ulnare as well as metacarpals 4 and 5.[VSAO]. In the human hand the lunate proximally the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally the triangular medially the capitate laterally[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements[AAO] UBERON:0001433 UBERON:FMA_23730-MA_0001343 VSAO:0005046 carpal 4 distal carpal 4 galen:Hamate hamate hamate bone hand distal carpal bone 4 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png ncithesaurus:Hamate_Bone os hamatum uberon unciform unciform bone uncinate FMA:23730 hamate bone MA:0001343 hamate . Wikipedia:Hamate_bone FMA:23730 unciform bone FMA VSAO:0005046 distal carpal 4 MA:0001343 unciform MA:0001343 uncinate AAO:0000850 carpal 4 MA:0001343 hand distal carpal bone 4 VSAO:0005046 os hamatum Wikipedia:Hamate_bone os hamatum skeletal system AAO:0000566 BTO:0001486 EFO:0000806 EHDAA2:0003168 FMA:23881 MA:0000018 Note that GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ system subdivision which consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[FMA] Skelettsystem TAO:0000434 UBERON:0001434 UBERON:FMA_23875-FMA_23881-MA_0000018-MIAA_0000032-XAO_0003060-ZFA_0000434 VHOG:0001254 VSAO:0000027 XAO:0003060 ZFA:0000434 ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System set of all bones and joints skeleton system uberon AAO:0000566 FMA:FMA Organ system subdivision which consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[FMA] BTO:0001486 Skelettsystem set of all bones and joints carpal bone A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]. In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:25056 FMA:23889 GAID:179 MA:0000296 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.144 SCTID:83936004 UBERON:0001435 UBERON:FMA_23889-MA_0000296 bone of carpus carpal skeleton bone galen:CarpalBone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Carpus.svg/200px-Carpus.svg.png ncithesaurus:Carpal_Bone uberon A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]. In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Carpus phalanx of finger A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Obol]. AAO:0000947 FMA:23914 MA:0000306 SCTID:181976001 UBERON:0001436 UBERON:FMA_23914-MA_0000306 digitus manus phalanx finger phalanx hand digit phalanx hand phalanx http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/613/F1.large.jpg ncithesaurus:Hand_Phalanx phalanges of fore digit phalanx of digit of hand phalanx of digitus manus phalanx of fore digit phalanx of hand phalanx of hand digit phalanx of manus uberon OBOL:automatic hand digit phalanx OBOL:automatic finger phalanx OBOL:automatic phalanx of digit of hand AAO:0000947 phalanges of fore digit OBOL:automatic phalanx of hand digit OBOL:automatic digitus manus phalanx A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Obol]. UBERON:cjm MA:0000306 hand phalanx OBOL:automatic phalanx of digitus manus epiphysis AAO:0000742 BTO:0000413 FMA:24012 MA:0001362 MESH:A.02.835.232.251 SCTID:244701002 Subdivision of long bone which forms its expanded proximal or distal articular end; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: proximal epiphysis of humerus, distal epiphysis of femur.[FMA] UBERON:0001437 UBERON:FMA_24012-ZFA_0000019 end of long bone epiphyses http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_long_bone.jpg long bone epiphysis ncithesaurus:Long_Bone_Epiphysis see also: annular epiphysis uberon epiphyses FMA:FMA Subdivision of long bone which forms its expanded proximal or distal articular end; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: proximal epiphysis of humerus, distal epiphysis of femur.[FMA] Wikipedia:Epiphysis metaphysis FMA:24014 MA:0001363 SCTID:304581004 Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA] UBERON:0001438 UBERON:FMA_24014-MA_0001363 adjacent to or containing epiphyseal plate? Note in FMA the metaphysis is part of the diaphysis, but not in MA. In the diagram in WP, it appears to be adjacent, not part_of. diaphyseal end of long bone long bone metaphysis metaphyses ncithesaurus:Metaphysis uberon FMA:FMA Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA] Wikipedia:Metaphysis metaphyses compact bone FMA:24018 MA:0001461 MP distinguishes compact/cortical bone. in other AOs they are syns SCTID:361728003 UBERON:0001439 UBERON:FMA_24018-MA_0001461 bony cortex compact bone tissue cortical bone cortical bone tissue cortical region of bone galen:CorticalBone ncithesaurus:Cortical_Bone one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compact/Cortical bone facilitates bone's main functions: to support the body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium. As its name implies, cortical bone forms the cortex, or outer shell, of most bones. Again, as its name implies, compact bone is much denser than cancellous bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue. Furthermore, it is harder, stronger and stiffer than cancellous bone. Cortical bone contributes about 80% of the weight of a human skeleton. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone is the osteon.. substantia compacta (pars ossea) substantia corticalis uberon Wikipedia:Compact_bone one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compact/Cortical bone facilitates bone's main functions: to support the body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium. As its name implies, cortical bone forms the cortex, or outer shell, of most bones. Again, as its name implies, compact bone is much denser than cancellous bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue. Furthermore, it is harder, stronger and stiffer than cancellous bone. Cortical bone contributes about 80% of the weight of a human skeleton. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone is the osteon.. HP:0002753 bony cortex FMA:24018 FMA:TA substantia corticalis forelimb skeleton AAO:0000202 EHDAA2:0002222 FMA:24142 TODO - find a home for: FMA:24139 The collection of all skeletal elements in a forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle UBERON:0001440 UBERON:FMA_24139-MA_0000612 VHOG:0001256 VSAO:0000151 XAO:0003061 bones of upper limb fore limb skeleton forelimb skeleton ossa membri superioris set of bones of upper limb skeleton of upper limb uberon upper limb skeleton FMA:24139 FMA:TA ossa membri superioris VHOG:0001256 forelimb skeleton FMA:24139 skeleton of upper limb The collection of all skeletal elements in a forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle UBERON:cjm FMA hindlimb skeleton AAO:0000217 EHDAA2:0002226 FMA:24144 OpenCyc:Mx4rvZcKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TOOD - find a home for: FMA:24140 The collection of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region. UBERON:0001441 UBERON:FMA_24140-MA_0000670 VHOG:0001255 VSAO:0000152 XAO:0003062 bones of lower limb hind limb skeleton hindlimb skeleton lower limb skeleton ossa membri inferioris set of bones of lower limb skeleton of lower limb uberon VHOG:0001255 hindlimb skeleton FMA:24140 skeleton of lower limb The collection of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region. UBERON:cjm FMA:24140 FMA:TA ossa membri inferioris XAO:0003062 hind limb skeleton FMA skeleton of hand EHDAA2:0002227 FMA:24159 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdHPJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The collection of all skeletal elements in a hand; here 'hand' includes both the wrist region and hand proper. UBERON:0001442 UBERON:FMA_24159-MA_0000619 VSAO:0005020 anterior autopodium anterior autopodium skeleton bones of hand fore autopod skeleton forelimb autopod skeleton hand region skeleton hand skeleton manus manus skeleton ossa manus set of bones of hand uberon The collection of all skeletal elements in a hand; here 'hand' includes both the wrist region and hand proper. UBERON:cjm FMA:24159 set of bones of hand EHDAA2:0002227 hand region skeleton FMA:24159 FMA:TA ossa manus FMA:24159 bones of hand VSAO:0005020 VSAO:NI manus FMA:24159 hand skeleton VSAO:0005020 VSAO:NI anterior autopodium EHDAA2 chest BTO:0001368 EFO:0000965 EV:0100010 FMA:9576 GAID:91 MA:0000031 MAT:0000295 MESH:A.01.911 MIAA:0000295 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVikFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. UBERON:0001443 UBERON:FMA_24216-MA_0000031 anterior chest anterior thoracic region anterolateral part of thorax editor note - FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions front of chest front of thorax galen:Chest galen:Thorax http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chest.jpg/200px-Chest.jpg ncithesaurus:Chest ncithesaurus:Thorax pectus thorax uberon Wikipedia:Chest thorax FMA:9576 Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. Wikipedia:Chest FMA:9576 thorax FMA:24816 FMA:TA pectus FMA MA FMA:24816 front of chest FMA:24816 anterior chest FMA subdivision of head FMA:24218 SCTID:123852005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001444 UBERON:FMA_24218-XAO_0000040 XAO:0000040 head region head subdivision region of head uberon skeleton of foot EHDAA2:0002228 FMA:24222 Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a foot; here 'foot' includes both the ankle region and foot proper. UBERON:0001445 UBERON:FMA_24222-MA_0000643 VSAO:0005021 foot region skeleton foot skeleton pes pes skeleton posterior autopodium posterior autopodium skeleton set of bones of foot uberon VSAO:0005021 VSAO:NI pes EHDAA2:0002228 foot region skeleton FMA:24222 set of bones of foot FMA:24222 foot skeleton EHDAA2 Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a foot; here 'foot' includes both the ankle region and foot proper. UBERON:cjm VSAO:0005021 VSAO:NI posterior autopodium fibula AAO:0000891 BTO:0002346 EFO:0003052 EMAPA:18512 EMAPA:19141 FMA:24479 GAID:202 MA:0001360 MESH:A.02.835.232.500.321 SCTID:302529003 The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms the lateral part of the ankle-joint. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001446 UBERON:FMA_24479-MA_0001360 galen:Fibula http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Illu_lower_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity.jpg ncithesaurus:Fibula uberon The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms the lateral part of the ankle-joint. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Fibula tarsal bone A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia. BTO:0002343 FMA:24491 GAID:194 In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment[Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)] MA:0000297 MESH:A.02.835.232.300.710 SCTID:108372004 UBERON:0001447 UBERON:FMA_24491-MA_0000297 ankle bone bone of ankle bone of tarsus bony tarsus galen:TarsalBone hind mesopodium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Bone ossa tarsalia ossa tarsi tarsal tarsus osseus uberon AAO:0000220 hind mesopodium BTO:0002343 tarsal FMA:71339 FMA:TA ossa tarsalia BTO:0002343 tarsus osseus A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Ankle_bone FMA:24491 bone of ankle FMA:71339 FMA:TA ossa tarsi FMA:24491 ankle bone FMA:24491 bone of tarsus BTO:0002343 bony tarsus metatarsal bone BTO:0002347 FMA:24492 GAID:193 MA:0000303 MESH:A.02.835.232.300.492 SCTID:302532000 The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001448 UBERON:FMA_24492-MA_0000303 galen:Metatarsal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png metatarsal ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone ossa metatarsalia ossa metatarsi uberon The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metatarsal_bone BTO:0002347 ossa metatarsi BTO:0002347 ossa metatarsalia phalanx of toe A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Obol]. AAO:0000930 FMA:24493 MA:0000305 SCTID:302533005 UBERON:0001449 UBERON:0004272 UBERON:FMA_24493-MA_0000305 digitus pedis phalanx foot digit phalanx foot phalanx ncithesaurus:Foot_Phalanx ncithesaurus:Phalanx_of_the_Foot phalanges of hind digit phalanx of digit of foot phalanx of digitus pedis phalanx of foot digit phalanx of hind digit phalanx of pes toe phalanx uberon OBOL:automatic phalanx of foot digit OBOL:automatic phalanx of digit of foot AAO:0000930 phalanges of hind digit OBOL:automatic phalanx of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic digitus pedis phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit phalanx MA:0000305 foot phalanx OBOL:automatic toe phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Obol]. UBERON:cjm calcaneus AAO: One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The fibulare constitutes the preaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale.[AAO:0000913] AAO:0000913 BTO:0002355 EMAPA:18501 EMAPA:19134 FMA:24496 In humans, the calcaneus or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitute the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001348 MESH:A.02.835.232.300.710.300 Os calcis SCTID:182099002 UBERON:0001450 UBERON:FMA_24496-MA_0001348 VSAO:0005016 astragalus calcaneal bone calcaneum fibulare galen:Calcaneum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG/200px-Subtalar_Joint.PNG ncithesaurus:Calcaneum os calcis os tarsi fibulare uberon AAO:0000913 VSAO:0005016 Wikipedia:Calcaneus fibulare AAO:0000913 fibulare MA:0001348 calcaneum BTO:0002355 calcaneal bone In humans, the calcaneus or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitute the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Calcaneus BTO:0002355 os tarsi fibulare AAO:0000913 astragalus Os calcis Wikipedia:Calcaneus FMA:24496 os calcis FMA navicular bone of foot AAO:0000924 BTO:0002356 FMA:24499 MA:0001349 OpenCyc:Mx4rv67esJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182100005 The navicular bone is one of the tarsal bones, found in the foot. It is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and occasionally laterally with the cuboid[WP]. UBERON:0001451 UBERON:FMA_24499-MA_0001349 central tarsal bone centrale centrale (hind) galen:Navicular http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray276.png/200px-Gray276.png navicular navicular of foot ncithesaurus:Centralization os naviculare os naviculare os naviculare pedis taxon notes: connections vary depending on species. AAO: Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5. In humans: there is a cuboid instead of distal tarsal 4 and 5 - may articulate laterally with the cuboid[WP]. TODO - add correct VSAO xref (currently broken) uberon The navicular bone is one of the tarsal bones, found in the foot. It is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and occasionally laterally with the cuboid[WP]. Wikipedia:Navicular_bone AAO:0000924 centrale (hind) numbers vary BTO:0002356 os naviculare pedis FMA:24499 FMA:TA os naviculare Wikipedia:Navicular_bone os naviculare distal tarsal bone 1 AAO:0000918 BTO:0002360 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 1. FMA:24518 MA:0001352 OpenCyc:Mx4rvYtfH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182116007 UBERON:0001452 UBERON:FMA_24518-MA_0001352 VSAO:0005052 cuneiforme 1 distal tarsal 1 entocuneiforme first cuneiform bone foot distal carpal bone 1 galen:MedialCuneiform http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray290.png/200px-Gray290.png medial cuneiform medial cuneiform bone os cuneiforme mediale os cuneiforme mediale, os cuneiform primum os cuneiforme primum ossa cuneiforme mediale tarsal 1 uberon VSAO:0005052 entocuneiforme BTO:0002360 ossa cuneiforme mediale FMA:TA os cuneiforme mediale AAO:0000918 tarsal 1 VSAO:0005052 distal tarsal 1 BTO:0002360 os cuneiforme primum Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 1. VSAO:0005052 Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone os cuneiforme mediale, os cuneiform primum FMA:24518 medial cuneiform FMA:24518 medial cuneiform bone FMA:24518 first cuneiform bone VSAO:0005052 cuneiforme 1 distal tarsal bone 2 AAO:0000919 BTO:0002359 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2. FMA:24519 MA:0001353 SCTID:179512006 The intermediate cuneiform (also known as second cuneiform / middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. It is situated between the other two cuneiforms (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side. [WP,unvetted] UBERON:0001453 UBERON:FMA_24519-MA_0001353 VSAO:0005053 cuneiforme 2 distal tarsal 2 foot distal carpal bone 2 galen:IntermediateCuneiform http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png intermediate cuneiform mesocuneiforme middle cuneiform os cuneiforme intermedium os cuneiforme intermedium, os cuneiforme secundum os cuneiforme secundum second cuneiform bone second cuneiform bone of foot tarsal 2 uberon VSAO:0005053 cuneiforme 2 BTO:0002359 os cuneiforme secundum AAO:0000919 tarsal 2 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2. VSAO:0005053 Wikipedia:Intermediate_cuneiform_bone BTO:0002359 os cuneiforme intermedium Wikipedia:Intermediate_cuneiform_bone os cuneiforme intermedium, os cuneiforme secundum VSAO:0005053 mesocuneiforme VSAO:0005053 distal tarsal 2 distal tarsal bone 3 AAO:0000920 BTO:0002358 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 3. FMA:24520 MA:0001354 OpenCyc:Mx4rvoLPu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182117003 The lateral cuneiform (also known as third cuneiform / external cuneiform) intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost. It occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the second cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular posteriorly and the third metatarsal in front. [WP,unvetted] UBERON:0001454 UBERON:FMA_24520-MA_0001354 VSAO:0005054 cuneiforme 3 distal tarsal 3 ectocuneiforme foor distal carpal bone 3 galen:LateralCuneiform http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png lateral cuneiform lateral cuneiform bone os cuneiforme laterale os cuneiforme laterale, os cuneiforme tertium os cuneiforme tertium ossa cuneiforme laterale tarsal 3 third cuneiform bone uberon Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 3. VSAO:0005054 Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone BTO:0002358 os cuneiforme tertium FMA:24520 lateral cuneiform bone VSAO:0005054 ectocuneiforme AAO:0000920 tarsal 3 Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone os cuneiforme laterale, os cuneiforme tertium VSAO:0005054 distal tarsal 3 VSAO:0005054 cuneiforme 3 BTO:0002358 os cuneiforme laterale BTO:0002358 ossa cuneiforme laterale cuboid bone BTO:0002357 FMA:24527 In the human body, the cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001355 SCTID:182101009 UBERON:0001455 UBERON:FMA_24527-MA_0001355 cuboid foot distal carpal bone 4 and 5 galen:Cuboid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray274.png/200px-Gray274.png ncithesaurus:Cuboid_Bone os cuboideum os cuboideum uberon Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone os cuboideum In the human body, the cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone BTO:0002357 os cuboideum face BTO:0003369 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:A.01.456.505 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302549007 Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it[FMA]. The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence)[vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf] UBERON:0001456 UBERON:FMA_24728-MA_0002473 facia/facies galen:Face http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg/200px-Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg ncithesaurus:Face uberon visage BTO:0003369 visage Wikipedia:Face facia/facies FMA:24728 Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it[FMA]. Wikipedia:Face skin of eyelid A zone of skin that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. FMA:24760 MA:0001256 SCTID:245947005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001457 UBERON:FMA_24760-MA_0001256 blepharon zone of skin eyelid skin eyelid zone of skin ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Skin uberon zone of skin of blepharon zone of skin of eyelid OBOL:automatic eyelid zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of blepharon A zone of skin that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of eyelid OBOL:automatic blepharon zone of skin skin of lip A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Obol]. FMA:24764 MA:0001579 SCTID:244092005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001458 UBERON:FMA_24764-MA_0001579 lip skin lip zone of skin ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Lip uberon zone of skin of lip OBOL:automatic zone of skin of lip A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lip zone of skin skin of external ear A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Obol]. FMA:24775 MA:0001233 SCTID:244073008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001459 UBERON:FMA_24775-MA_0001233 auricular region of head zone of skin auricular region zone of skin ear skin external ear skin external ear zone of skin ncithesaurus:Ear_Skin outer ear zone of skin uberon zone of skin of auricular region zone of skin of auricular region of head zone of skin of external ear zone of skin of outer ear OBOL:automatic zone of skin of auricular region of head OBOL:automatic external ear zone of skin OBOL:automatic auricular region of head zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of auricular region OBOL:automatic auricular region zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of external ear OBOL:automatic outer ear zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of outer ear arm BTO:0001435 EFO:0001410 EHDAA2:0000140 EHDAA:4164 EHDAA:6210 EHDAA:8275 EMAPA:17413 GAID:52 MA:0000033 MESH:A.01.378.800 MESH:A.01.378.800.075 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjp5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]. This class refers to the combination of the stylopod and zeugopod of a forelimb. Sometimes (cf FMA), 'arm' denotes the stylopod only; sometimes (cf MA), 'arm' denotes the part of the forelimb covering both (i.e. shoulder to hand). Also note distinction between arm and forelimb: hand is part of forelimb, but not part of arm. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping hand, as AOs disagree over whether some wrist parts are in the arm or hand UBERON:0001460 UBERON:FMA_24890-MA_0000033 VHOG:0000339 brachium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upperarm.jpg/200px-Upperarm.jpg uberon upper extremity MESH:A.01.378.800 upper extremity Wikipedia:Arm brachium The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]. Wikipedia:Arm elbow EFO:0003069 EHDAA2:0000429 EHDAA:4166 EHDAA:6212 EMAPA:17414 FMA:24901 GAID:54 MA:0000036 MESH:A.01.378.800.420 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:76248009 The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint—the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]. UBERON:0001461 UBERON:FMA_24901-MA_0000036 VHOG:0000340 articulatio cubiti cubital region elbow limb segment elbow region galen:Elbow uberon The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint—the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]. Wikipedia:Elbow Wikipedia:Elbow articulatio cubiti EHDAA2 hand digit 1 1st (lateral-most) digit of the fore autopod[Wikipedia]. AAO:0010639 EHDAA2:0000511 EMAPA:17429 FMA:24938 GAID:58 MA:0000454 MESH:A.01.378.800.667.430.705 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjVbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302540006 UBERON:0001463 UBERON:FMA_24938-MA_0000454 digit 1 of fore-paw digitus 1 digitus primus finger 1 first digit of hand fore digit I http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Thumb-up.jpg/200px-Thumb-up.jpg ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_1 pollex pollex, digitus primus, digitus I pollex; digitus primus [I] thumb uberon AAO:0010639 fore digit I EMAPA:17429 digit 1 of fore-paw Wikipedia:Thumb pollex, digitus primus, digitus I 1st (lateral-most) digit of the fore autopod[Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Thumb http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553264 EHDAA2:0000511 finger 1 hip BTO:0001457 EFO:0001929 EHDAA2:0000783 EHDAA:5153 EHDAA:6178 EMAPA:17490 FMA:24964 GAID:47 MA:0000045 MESH:A.01.378.610.400 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjhy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302543008 The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. UBERON:0001464 UBERON:FMA_24964-MA_0000045 VHOG:0000346 coxa galen:Hip hip region http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hip.jpg/200px-Hip.jpg in BTO this is part of the abdomen - this creates an inconsistency if limb and abdomen are spatially disjoint ncithesaurus:Hip regio coxae uberon The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Hip Wikipedia:Hip coxa FMA:24964 hip region FMA FMA:24964 regio coxae knee BTO:0003595 EFO:0001957 EHDAA2:0000895 EHDAA:5159 EHDAA:6184 EMAPA:17493 FMA:24974 GAID:48 MA:0000046 MESH:A.01.378.610.450 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjPKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361291001 The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the whole weight of the body, it is the joint most vulnerable both to acute injury and the development of osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001465 UBERON:FMA_24974-MA_0000046 VHOG:0000347 articulatio genus galen:Knee http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Male_Knee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/200px-Male_Knee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg knee region uberon Wikipedia:Knee articulatio genus The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the whole weight of the body, it is the joint most vulnerable both to acute injury and the development of osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Knee foot digit A digit that is part_of a hindlimb[Obol]. AAO:0000888 BTO:0002348 FMA:25046 GAID:44 MA:0000048 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjCHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:116667001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000027 UBERON:0001466 UBERON:FMA_25046-MA_0000048 XAO:0003035 digit of foot digit of terminal segment of free lower limb digiti pedis digiti pedis digitipedis digitus pedis galen:Toe hind digit hind_digit hindlimb digit ncithesaurus:Toe toe uberon A digit that is part_of a hindlimb[Obol]. Wikipedia:Toe BTO:0002348 digitipedis FMA:70664 FMA:TA digiti pedis AAO:0000888 hind_digit FMA:25046 toe Wikipedia:Toe digiti pedis OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb XAO:0003035 hind digit shoulder AO notes: MA treats humerus as a shoulder bone. In FMA, the shoulder is part of the pectoral girdle region EFO:0003068 EHDAA2:0001834 EHDAA:4180 EHDAA:6228 EMAPA:17421 FMA:25202 GAID:60 In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula. The shoulder refers to the group of structures in the region of the joint. It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. There are two kinds of cartilage in the joint. The first type is the white cartilage on the ends of the bones (called articular cartilage) which allows the bones to glide and move on each other. When this type of cartilage starts to wear out (a process called arthritis), the joint becomes painful and stiff. The labrum is a second kind of cartilage in the shoulder which is distinctly different from the articular cartilage. This cartilage is more fibrous or rigid than the cartilage on the ends of the ball and socket. Also, this cartilage is also found only around the socket where it is attached. The shoulder must be flexible for the wide range of motion required in the arms and hands and also strong enough to allow for actions such as lifting, pushing and pulling. The compromise between these two functions results in a large number of shoulder problems not faced by other joints such as the hip. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000038 MESH:A.01.378.800.750 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361103004 UBERON:0001467 UBERON:FMA_25202-MA_0000038 VHOG:0000342 articulatio humeri galen:Shoulder http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shoulderjoint.PNG/200px-Shoulderjoint.PNG ncithesaurus:Shoulder shoulder region uberon FMA In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula. The shoulder refers to the group of structures in the region of the joint. It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. There are two kinds of cartilage in the joint. The first type is the white cartilage on the ends of the bones (called articular cartilage) which allows the bones to glide and move on each other. When this type of cartilage starts to wear out (a process called arthritis), the joint becomes painful and stiff. The labrum is a second kind of cartilage in the shoulder which is distinctly different from the articular cartilage. This cartilage is more fibrous or rigid than the cartilage on the ends of the ball and socket. Also, this cartilage is also found only around the socket where it is attached. The shoulder must be flexible for the wide range of motion required in the arms and hands and also strong enough to allow for actions such as lifting, pushing and pulling. The compromise between these two functions results in a large number of shoulder problems not faced by other joints such as the hip. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Shoulder Wikipedia:Shoulder articulatio humeri intervertebral joint 2 AO notes: FMA has 'intervertebral joint' as a GAT, and has two distinct classes 'intervertebral symphysis' and 'intervertebral syndesmosis', but note that the latter do not connect the centra FMA:25511 MA:0001514 SCTID:244512000 The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. UBERON:0001468 UBERON:FMA_25511-MA_0001514 inter-centrum joint inter-vertebral joint intervertebral symphysis joint of vertebral body ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Joint uberon vertebral joint FMA FMA:25511 joint of vertebral body The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87401 connects successive pairs of centra FMA:25511 intervertebral symphysis FMA sternoclavicular joint EMAPA:19203 FMA:25883 GAID:270 MA:0001507 MESH:A.02.835.583.781 OpenCyc:Mx4rv_eLJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwI-ZZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182165002 The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001469 UBERON:FMA_25883-MA_0001507 articulatio sternoclavicularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gray325.png/200px-Gray325.png ncithesaurus:Sternoclavicular_Joint sternoclavicular sternoclavicular articulation uberon sternal end of the clavicle and first rib Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation sternoclavicular articulation FMA Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation sternoclavicular clavicular notch of the manubrium sterni The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation articulatio sternoclavicularis glenohumeral joint AO notes: in FMA, this is part of the bony pectoral girdle, alongside the skeleton of pectoral girdle. Editor notes: note that in this ontology 'glenoid fossa' is a cavity (consistent with FMA) - consider adding a class for the surface of the scapula that is adjacent to this cavity, and making a more explicit connects relationship EMAPA:19105 FMA:25912 GAID:269 MA:0000459 MESH:A.02.835.583.748 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32BZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182168000 The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001470 UBERON:FMA_25912-MA_0000459 VHOG:0001002 articulatio humeri articulatio humeri galen:ShoulderJoint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray327.png/200px-Gray327.png humeral joint humeroscapular joint joint of shoulder ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Joint shoulder joint uberon FMA:25912 humeral joint FMA:25912 FMA:TA articulatio humeri FMA MA OBOL:automatic joint of shoulder definitional Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint articulatio humeri Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint humeroscapular joint The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint MA:0000459 shoulder joint skin of prepuce of penis A zone of skin that is part of a prepuce of penis [Obol]. EV:0100109 FMA:27648 MA:0001744 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001471 UBERON:FMA_27648-MA_0001744 VHOG:0001342 foreskin of penis foreskin zone of skin penile prepuce zone of skin penis foreskin prepuce of penis zone of skin prepuce zone of skin preputial skin uberon zone of skin of foreskin zone of skin of penile prepuce zone of skin of prepuce zone of skin of prepuce of penis OBOL:automatic prepuce of penis zone of skin OBOL:automatic foreskin zone of skin OBOL:automatic penile prepuce zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of prepuce OBOL:automatic prepuce zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of prepuce of penis OBOL:automatic zone of skin of foreskin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of penile prepuce A zone of skin that is part of a prepuce of penis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic vaginal venous plexus FMA:29713 MA:0002257 SCTID:294653003 The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001472 UBERON:FMA_29713-MA_0002257 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gray589.png/200px-Gray589.png plexus venosus vaginalis uberon venous vaginal plexus The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus plexus venosus vaginalis lymphatic vessel A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. AAO:0011005 BTO:0000752 EFO:0000873 FMA:30315 MA:0000138 MAT:0000443 OpenCyc:Mx4rwA1fYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279089004 TAO:0005105 UBERON:0001473 UBERON:FMA_30315-FMA_5034-MA_0000138-MA_0000139-MIAA_0000197-XAO_0000375-ZFA_0005105 VHOG:0001249 XAO:0000375 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Illu_lymph_capillary.jpg/200px-Illu_lymph_capillary.jpg lymph vessel ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel uberon vas lymphaticum A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. BTO:0000752 Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel vas lymphaticum bone AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 Alternate definition: Organ with cavitated organ parts, which primarily consists of compact (cortical) and cancellous bone, which surround bone marrow cavities; together with other bones, cartilages and joints, it constitutes the skeletal system. Examples: femur, sternum, maxilla, vertebra, talus[FMA] BTO:0000140 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:272673000 Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue[VSAO]. TAO:0001514 UBERON:0001474 UBERON:FMA_30317-MA_0001459-MIAA_0000299-XAO_0000169-ZFA_0001514 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 bone element bone organ galen:Bone ncithesaurus:Bone uberon VSAO Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue[VSAO]. VSAO:0000057 Wikipedia:Bone VSAO:0000057 bone element ligament UBERON:0000211 UBERON:0001475 UBERON:0002360 UBERON:FMA_30319-FMA_76821-MA_0000113-MIAA_0000113 made obsolete as it incorrectly grouped classes true uberon deltoid A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA] AAO:0010716 EFO:0001412 EHDAA2:0000339 EMAPA:18177 FMA:32521 MA:0002286 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181620007 UBERON:0001476 UBERON:FMA_32521-MA_0002286 VHOG:0000846 We use a generic definition that includes the deltoideus as represented in AAO: 'Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus'. common shoulder muscle deltoid muscle deltoideus deltoideus muscle m. deltoideus musculus deltoideus musculus deltoideus ncithesaurus:Deltoid uberon dbpedia deltoid tuberosity of humerus Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle deltoideus muscle EHDAA2 FMA dbpedia the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle common shoulder muscle dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle deltoideus EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle musculus deltoideus Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle musculus deltoideus FMA A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA] Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle deltoid muscle dbpedia the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula AAO:0010716 m. deltoideus dbpedia the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula EHDAA2 infraspinatus muscle EHDAA2:0000826 EHDAA:8305 EMAPA:18526 FMA:32546 MA:0002323 OpenCyc:Mx4rwVT4_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:277439009 The Infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. The infraspinatus is a muscle of the rotator cuff. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001477 UBERON:FMA_32546-MA_0002323 VHOG:0000921 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png infraspinatus musculus infraspinatus ncithesaurus:Infraspinatus uberon The Infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. The infraspinatus is a muscle of the rotator cuff. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Infraspinatus_muscle dbpedia middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus dbpedia infraspinous fossa of the scapula Wikipedia:Infraspinatus_muscle musculus infraspinatus teres major muscle EHDAA2:0002004 EHDAA:8321 EMAPA:19069 EMAPA:19110 FMA:32549 MA:0002392 OpenCyc:Mx4rwJZqBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:277444002 Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001478 UBERON:FMA_32549-MA_0002392 VHOG:0000750 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png musculus teres major ncithesaurus:Teres_Major_Muscle teres major uberon Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Teres_major_muscle Wikipedia:Teres_major_muscle musculus teres major dbpedia posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula dbpedia medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus MA:0002392 teres major EHDAA2 sesamoid bone AEO:0000086 EHDAA2:0003086 FMA:32672 GAID:210 MA:0001375 MESH:A.02.835.232.730 Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. SCTID:362914002 Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.[VSAO] UBERON:0001479 UBERON:FMA_32672-MA_0001375 VSAO:0000137 galen:SessamoidBone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray350.png/200px-Gray350.png ncithesaurus:Sesamoid_Bone ossa sesamoidea sesamoid uberon VSAO VSAO:0000137 sesamoid VSAO Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone ossa sesamoidea Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. VSAO:0000137 Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone proximal carpal bone FMA:33302 MA:0002557 SCTID:306715004 UBERON:0001480 UBERON:FMA_33302-MA_0002557 uberon distal carpal bone AAO:0000847 FMA:33303 MA:0002558 SCTID:306716003 Taxon notes: Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal[WP] UBERON:0001481 UBERON:FMA_33303-MA_0002558 distal carpal uberon AAO:0000847 distal carpal muscle of shoulder A muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. FMA:33531 MA:0000633 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001482 UBERON:FMA_33531-MA_0000633 muscle organ of shoulder shoulder muscle shoulder muscle organ uberon A muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic shoulder muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of shoulder skin of shoulder A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region. EMAPA:18059 FMA:34830 MA:0000635 Note in MA this is a subclass of forelimb skin, but this violates part-disjointness in Uberon SCTID:244131002 UBERON:0001483 UBERON:FMA_34830-MA_0000635 shoulder skin shoulder zone of skin uberon zone of skin of shoulder OBOL:automatic shoulder zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of shoulder A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region. UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 articular capsule An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:34836 GAID:263 MA:0001519 MESH:A.02.835.583.443 SCTID:182238002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001484 UBERON:FMA_34836-MA_0001519 capsula articularis capsulae articulares fibrous capsule of joint galen:JointCapsule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gray299.png/200px-Gray299.png joint capsule joint fibrous capsule ncithesaurus:Joint_Capsule uberon An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Articular_capsule FMA:34836 FMA:TA capsula articularis Wikipedia:Articular_capsule capsulae articulares knee joint EFO:0001957 EMAPA:19137 FMA:35175 GAID:114 MA:0000471 MESH:A.02.835.583.475 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCuaYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182204005 The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the whole weight of the body, it is the joint most vulnerable both to acute injury and the development of osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001485 UBERON:FMA_35175-MA_0000471 VHOG:0001003 galen:KneeJoint joint of knee ncithesaurus:Knee_Joint uberon The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the whole weight of the body, it is the joint most vulnerable both to acute injury and the development of osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Knee_joint OBOL:automatic joint of knee definitional hip joint Alternate def - "The articulation between the femur and the innominate bone." [BTO:0001502] BTO:0001502 EMAPA:19136 FMA:35178 GAID:262 MA:0000470 MESH:A.02.835.583.411 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32b5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182201002 The hip joint is a synovial joint formed by the articulation of the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. It forms the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the axial skeleton of the trunk and pelvis. Both joint surfaces are covered with a strong but lubricated layer called articular hyaline cartilage. The cuplike acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones — the ilium, pubis, and ischium. UBERON:0001486 UBERON:FMA_35178-MA_0000470 VHOG:0001001 articulatio coxofemoralis coxal articulation femoro-iliac joint galen:HipJoint ncithesaurus:Hip_Joint uberon Wikipedia:Hip coxal articulation The hip joint is a synovial joint formed by the articulation of the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. It forms the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the axial skeleton of the trunk and pelvis. Both joint surfaces are covered with a strong but lubricated layer called articular hyaline cartilage. The cuplike acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones — the ilium, pubis, and ischium. Wikipedia:Hip#Articulation definitional FMA:35178 articulatio coxofemoralis FMA FMA joint of foot A skeletal joint that is part of a foot [Obol]. FMA:35194 FMA:71349 GAID:256 MA:0000464 MESH:A.02.835.583.378 SCTID:244555001 TODO check FMA - use the set class for now UBERON:0001487 UBERON:FMA_35194-MA_0000464 articulationes pedis autopod of hind limb joint autopod of hindlimb joint autopod of inferior member joint autopod of lower extremity joint distal free limb segment of hind limb joint distal free limb segment of hindlimb joint distal free limb segment of inferior member joint distal free limb segment of lower extremity joint foot joint hind limb autopod joint hind limb distal free limb segment joint hindlimb autopod joint hindlimb distal free limb segment joint inferior member autopod joint inferior member distal free limb segment joint joint of autopod of hind limb joint of autopod of hindlimb joint of autopod of inferior member joint of autopod of lower extremity joint of distal free limb segment of hind limb joint of distal free limb segment of hindlimb joint of distal free limb segment of inferior member joint of distal free limb segment of lower extremity joint of hind limb autopod joint of hind limb distal free limb segment joint of hindlimb autopod joint of hindlimb distal free limb segment joint of inferior member autopod joint of inferior member distal free limb segment joint of lower extremity autopod joint of lower extremity distal free limb segment joint of terminal segment of free lower limb joints of foot lower extremity autopod joint lower extremity distal free limb segment joint terminal segment of free lower limb joint uberon OBOL:automatic joint of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic joint of hindlimb distal free limb segment FMA:71349 FMA:TA articulationes pedis OBOL:automatic joint of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod joint OBOL:automatic joint of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod joint OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment joint OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity joint OBOL:automatic joint of autopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic joint of autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member joint OBOL:automatic joint of distal free limb segment of lower extremity FMA:71349 joints of foot OBOL:automatic joint of hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic joint of autopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod joint OBOL:automatic joint of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment joint OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity joint OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment joint OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment joint OBOL:automatic joint of distal free limb segment of hindlimb A skeletal joint that is part of a foot [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb joint OBOL:automatic joint of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic joint of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb joint OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod joint OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member joint OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb joint OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb joint OBOL:automatic joint of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic joint of distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic joint of inferior member autopod ankle joint A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons. In human anatomy, this is the joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS. BTO:0004706 EFO:0001409 Editor notes: current restricted to organisms that have a distinct tibia, fibula and talus FMA:35195 GAID:257 MA:0000463 MESH:A.02.835.583.378.062 OpenCyc:Mx4rvwiy35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182212002 UBERON:0001488 UBERON:FMA_35195-MA_0000463 galen:AnkleJoint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ankle_Joint talocrural articulation talocrural joint uberon A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons. In human anatomy, this is the joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS. MESH:A.02.835.583.378.062 UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Ankle_joint Wikipedia:Ankle talocrural articulation Wikipedia:Ankle talocrural joint joint of hand A skeletal joint that is part of a hand [Obol]. FMA:71345 MA:0000452 SCTID:244546004 TODO check FMA - use the set class for now UBERON:0001489 UBERON:FMA_35245-MA_0000452 arm autopod joint arm distal free limb segment joint articulationes manus autopod of arm joint autopod of brachial region joint autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb joint brachial region autopod joint brachial region distal free limb segment joint distal free limb segment of arm joint distal free limb segment of brachial region joint distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb joint hand joint joint of arm autopod joint of arm distal free limb segment joint of autopod of arm joint of autopod of brachial region joint of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb joint of brachial region autopod joint of brachial region distal free limb segment joint of distal free limb segment of arm joint of distal free limb segment of brachial region joint of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb joint of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod joint of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment joint of terminal segment of free upper limb joints of hand proximal segment of free upper limb autopod joint proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment joint terminal segment of free upper limb joint uberon FMA:71345 FMA:TA articulationes manus OBOL:automatic joint of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod joint OBOL:automatic joint of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic joint of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic joint of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic joint of arm distal free limb segment FMA:71345 joints of hand OBOL:automatic joint of distal free limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region joint OBOL:automatic joint of distal free limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment joint OBOL:automatic autopod of arm joint OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb joint OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of arm autopod OBOL:automatic joint of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic joint of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic joint of autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment joint OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment joint OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm joint OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region joint A skeletal joint that is part of a hand [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod joint OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic arm autopod joint OBOL:automatic joint of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb elbow joint A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]. In human anatomy, the elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis[HP]. EMAPA:19102 FMA:35289 GAID:253 MA:0000451 MESH:A.02.835.583.290 SCTID:182169008 UBERON:0001490 UBERON:FMA_35289-MA_0000451 VHOG:0000997 articulatio cubiti cubital region joint galen:ElbowJoint joint of cubital region joint of elbow ncithesaurus:Elbow_Joint uberon OBOL:automatic joint of cubital region OBOL:automatic cubital region joint OBOL:automatic joint of elbow definitional A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]. In human anatomy, the elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis[HP]. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Elbow wrist joint A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton. AO notes: in FMA this includes radio-carpal and radio-ulnar ligaments EMAPA:19205 FMA:35291 GAID:274 MA:0000460 MA:0000461 MESH:A.02.835.583.959 OpenCyc:Mx4rvZD2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182178002 UBERON:0001491 UBERON:FMA_35291-MA_0000460 carpal region joint galen:WristJoint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Human_wrist.png/200px-Human_wrist.png joint of carpal region joint of wrist ncithesaurus:Wrist_Joint radio-carpal joint radiocarpal joint uberon FMA:35291 radiocarpal joint OBOL:automatic joint of carpal region OBOL:automatic carpal region joint MA:0000461 radio-carpal joint A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton. UBERON:cjm https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=1205376 radial nerve EHDAA2:0001584 EHDAA:5650 EMAPA:17278 FMA:37069 GAID:845 MA:0001171 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.050.700 OpenCyc:Mx4rvfk7E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181011002 The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the upper limb. It supplies the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin. It originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. The radial nerve and its branches supply the dorsal muscles, such as triceps brachii, the extrinsic extensors of the wrist and hands, and the cutaneous nerve supply to most of the back of the hand. (The ulnar nerve cutaneously innervates the back of the little finger and adjacent half of the ring finger). The radial nerve divides into a deep branch (which becomes the posterior interosseous nerve), and continues as the superficial branch which goes on to innervate the dorsum (back) of the hand. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001492 UBERON:FMA_37069-MA_0001171 VHOG:0000896 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gray818.png/200px-Gray818.png ncithesaurus:Radial_Nerve nervus radialis uberon Wikipedia:Radial_nerve nervus radialis The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the upper limb. It supplies the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin. It originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. The radial nerve and its branches supply the dorsal muscles, such as triceps brachii, the extrinsic extensors of the wrist and hands, and the cutaneous nerve supply to most of the back of the hand. (The ulnar nerve cutaneously innervates the back of the little finger and adjacent half of the ring finger). The radial nerve divides into a deep branch (which becomes the posterior interosseous nerve), and continues as the superficial branch which goes on to innervate the dorsum (back) of the hand. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Radial_nerve axillary nerve EMAPA:18802 FMA:37072 MA:0001166 OpenCyc:Mx4rvgwMfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181009006 The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001493 UBERON:FMA_37072-MA_0001166 auxillery nerve circumflex humeral nerve circumflex nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brachial_plexus.jpg/200px-Brachial_plexus.jpg ncithesaurus:Axillary_Nerve nervus axillaris uberon MA Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve auxillery nerve Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve nervus axillaris MA The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve circumflex nerve MA Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve nervus axillaris ulnar nerve EHDAA2:0002099 EHDAA:5652 EMAPA:17279 FMA:37319 GAID:846 In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning, unprotected by muscle or bone), and the only unprotected nerve that does not serve a purely sensory function (those nerves specifically meant to perceive changes in the environment, such as nerves in the skin). This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. One method of injuring the nerve is to strike the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as hitting one's 'funny bone. ' This name is thought to be a pun, based on the sound resemblance between the words 'humerus' and 'humourous' . [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001174 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.050.850 SCTID:181012009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001494 UBERON:0005668 UBERON:FMA_37319-MA_0001174 VHOG:0000922 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brachial_plexus.jpg/200px-Brachial_plexus.jpg ncithesaurus:Ulnar_Nerve nervus ulnaris uberon Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve nervus ulnaris In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning, unprotected by muscle or bone), and the only unprotected nerve that does not serve a purely sensory function (those nerves specifically meant to perceive changes in the environment, such as nerves in the skin). This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. One method of injuring the nerve is to strike the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as hitting one's 'funny bone. ' This name is thought to be a pun, based on the sound resemblance between the words 'humerus' and 'humourous' . [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve pectoral muscle AAO:0010727 BTO:0000023 FMA:37349 GAID:153 M. pectoralis MA:0002423 MESH:A.02.633.567.775 SCTID:181621006 This currently groups the major and minor muscles (which have different attachment sites) as well as the AAO structure: Muscle which is comprised of three heads. The anterior head is the portio epicoracoidea that originates on the epicoracoid cartilage and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The next more posterior head, portio sternalis, originates on the sternum and inserts in the groove next to the deltoid crest of the humerus. The most posterior head, portio abdominalis, arises from the M. rectus abdominis and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus UBERON:0001495 UBERON:FMA_37349-MA_0002423 breast muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png/200px-Pectoralis_major.png muscle of pectoral part of chest muscle of pectoral region ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Muscle pectoralis muscle uberon FMA:37349 muscle of pectoral part of chest FMA:37349 muscle of pectoral region BTO:0000023 pectoralis muscle BTO:0000023 breast muscle FMA AAO:0010727 M. pectoralis BTO ascending aorta EHDAA2:0000147 EHDAA:9828 EMAPA:17014 EMAPA:18604 EMAPA:25959 FMA:3736 MA:0002570 OpenCyc:Mx4rwVFqO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181299009 The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart’s axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia] UBERON:0001496 UBERON:FMA_3736-MA_0002570 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ascending_Aorta pars ascendens aortae pars ascendens aortae, aorta ascendens uberon EHDAA2 GO:0035905 The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart’s axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia] Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta pars ascendens aortae, aorta ascendens muscle of pelvic girdle A muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]. AO notes: Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle. FMA:37367 MA:0000537 UBERON:0001497 UBERON:FMA_37367-MA_0000537 girdle-pelvic muscle organ muscle organ of girdle-pelvic muscle organ of pelvic girdle muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone pelvic girdle bone muscle organ pelvic girdle muscle pelvic girdle muscle organ uberon A muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle bone muscle organ OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle muscle organ OBOL:automatic girdle-pelvic muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of girdle-pelvic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of pelvic girdle muscle of foot A muscle organ that is part of a foot [Obol]. BTO:0000477 FMA:37369 MA:0000652 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001498 UBERON:FMA_37369-MA_0000652 autopod of hind limb muscle organ autopod of hindlimb muscle organ autopod of inferior member muscle organ autopod of lower extremity muscle organ distal free limb segment of hind limb muscle organ distal free limb segment of hindlimb muscle organ distal free limb segment of inferior member muscle organ distal free limb segment of lower extremity muscle organ foot muscle foot muscle organ hind limb autopod muscle organ hind limb distal free limb segment muscle organ hindlimb autopod muscle organ hindlimb distal free limb segment muscle organ inferior member autopod muscle organ inferior member distal free limb segment muscle organ lower extremity autopod muscle organ lower extremity distal free limb segment muscle organ muscle organ of autopod of hind limb muscle organ of autopod of hindlimb muscle organ of autopod of inferior member muscle organ of autopod of lower extremity muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hind limb muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hindlimb muscle organ of distal free limb segment of inferior member muscle organ of distal free limb segment of lower extremity muscle organ of foot muscle organ of hind limb autopod muscle organ of hind limb distal free limb segment muscle organ of hindlimb autopod muscle organ of hindlimb distal free limb segment muscle organ of inferior member autopod muscle organ of inferior member distal free limb segment muscle organ of lower extremity autopod muscle organ of lower extremity distal free limb segment muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of autopod of inferior member A muscle organ that is part of a foot [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member muscle organ OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic muscle organ of autopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of foot OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic muscle organ of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment muscle organ OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic foot muscle organ OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic muscle organ of autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic muscle organ of distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod muscle organ OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment muscle organ OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity muscle organ OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod muscle organ muscle of arm A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000141 MA:0000594 See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm' UBERON:0001499 UBERON:FMA_37370-MA_0000594 arm muscle arm muscle system muscle of upper arm or lower arm uberon upper arm / lower arm muscle UBERON:cjm muscle of upper arm or lower arm EHDAA2:0000141 arm muscle system MA:0000594 arm muscle UBERON:cjm upper arm / lower arm muscle A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic muscle of hand A muscle organ that is part of a hand [Obol]. FMA:37372 MA:0000628 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001500 UBERON:FMA_37372-MA_0000628 arm autopod muscle organ arm distal free limb segment muscle organ autopod of arm muscle organ autopod of brachial region muscle organ autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ brachial region autopod muscle organ brachial region distal free limb segment muscle organ distal free limb segment of arm muscle organ distal free limb segment of brachial region muscle organ distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ hand muscle hand muscle organ muscle organ of arm autopod muscle organ of arm distal free limb segment muscle organ of autopod of arm muscle organ of autopod of brachial region muscle organ of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ of brachial region autopod muscle organ of brachial region distal free limb segment muscle organ of distal free limb segment of arm muscle organ of distal free limb segment of brachial region muscle organ of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ of hand muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb autopod muscle organ proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment muscle organ terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of arm autopod OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod muscle organ OBOL:automatic autopod of arm muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic muscle organ of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod muscle organ OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of distal free limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hand OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region muscle organ OBOL:automatic hand muscle organ A muscle organ that is part of a hand [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of arm distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic arm autopod muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of distal free limb segment of arm lumbrical of hand FMA:37385 MA:0002316 SCTID:181654008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001501 UBERON:FMA_37385-MA_0002316 hand lumbrical hand lumbrical muscle uberon interosseous muscle of hand FMA:37417 MA:0002313 SCTID:265804003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001502 UBERON:FMA_37417-MA_0002313 hand interosseous muscle ncithesaurus:Hand_Interosseous_Muscle uberon dorsal interosseous of hand FMA:37418 MA:0002314 SCTID:245002007 The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals. The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from the metacarpal bone of the finger into which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor digitorum tendon. The middle digit has two dorsal interossei insert onto it while the first digit (thumb) and the fifth digit (little finger) have none[WP]. UBERON:0001503 UBERON:FMA_37418-MA_0002314 dorsal hand interosseus muscle musculi interossei dorsales manus ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Hand_Interosseous_Muscle uberon dbpedia The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals. The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from the metacarpal bone of the finger into which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor digitorum tendon. The middle digit has two dorsal interossei insert onto it while the first digit (thumb) and the fifth digit (little finger) have none[WP]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_muscles_(hand) dbpedia lumbrical of foot FMA:37453 MA:0002305 SCTID:181715003 The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the foot; they arise from these tendons, as far back as their angles of division, each springing from two tendons, except the first. UBERON:0001504 UBERON:FMA_37453-MA_0002305 foot lumbrical foot lumbrical muscle uberon The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the foot; they arise from these tendons, as far back as their angles of division, each springing from two tendons, except the first. Wikipedia:Lumbricals_of_the_foot coracobrachialis FMA:37664 MA:0002282 Pirogoff's aponeurosis The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii. ) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001505 UBERON:FMA_37664-MA_0002282 coracobrachial coracobrachialis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coracobrachialis.png/200px-Coracobrachialis.png musculus coracobrachialis ncithesaurus:Coracobrachialis uberon dbpedia medial humerus dbpedia FMA The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii. ) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle coracobrachialis muscle FMA:37664 Pirogoff's aponeurosis coracoid process of scapula dbpedia Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle musculus coracobrachialis brachialis Casserio's muscle EHDAA2:0000181 EHDAA:8281 EMAPA:19068 EMAPA:19109 FMA:37667 MA:0002271 The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep of the biceps brachii, and is a synergist that assists the biceps brachii in flexing at the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001506 UBERON:FMA_37667-MA_0002271 VHOG:0001026 brachialis anticus muscle brachialis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brachialis.png/200px-Brachialis.png musculus brachialis ncithesaurus:Brachialis uberon anterior surface of the humerus particularly the distal half of this bone dbpedia coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna dbpedia Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle musculus brachialis The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep of the biceps brachii, and is a synergist that assists the biceps brachii in flexing at the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle brachialis anticus muscle Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle brachialis muscle biceps brachii BTO:0003419 EHDAA2:0000167 EHDAA:8279 EMAPA:19067 EMAPA:19108 FMA:37670 In human anatomy, the biceps brachii is a muscle located on the upper arm. The biceps has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002269 SCTID:265802004 UBERON:0001507 UBERON:FMA_37670-MA_0002269 VHOG:0000861 biceps biceps brachii %26 brachialis muscles biceps brachii muscle biceps cubiti biceps muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Biceps_%28PSF%29.jpg/200px-Biceps_%28PSF%29.jpg musculus biceps brachii ncithesaurus:Biceps uberon dbpedia short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle In human anatomy, the biceps brachii is a muscle located on the upper arm. The biceps has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle biceps muscle dbpedia radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm OG Musculocutaneous nerve dbpedia dbpedia short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle biceps brachii muscle Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle biceps cubiti Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle biceps brachii %26 brachialis muscles EHDAA2:0000167 biceps dbpedia Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle musculus biceps brachii arch of aorta BTO:0000157 Do not confuse with aortic arch; check EHDAA2 EFO:0002526 EHDAA2:0000132 EMAPA:17613 EMAPA:18602 FMA:3768 GAID:471 MA:0000475 SCTID:181300001 UBERON:0001508 UBERON:FMA_3768-MA_0000475-MIAA_0000059 VHOG:0001196 aortic arch arcus aortae begins at the level of the upper border of the second sternocostal articulation of the right side, and runs at first upward, backward, and to the left in front of the trachea; it is then directed backward on the left side of the trachea and finally passes downward on the left side of the body of the fourth thoracic vertebra, at the lower border of which it becomes continuous with the descending aorta[WP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png thoracic aorta uberon GAID:471 thoracic aorta Wikipedia:Arch_of_aorta begins at the level of the upper border of the second sternocostal articulation of the right side, and runs at first upward, backward, and to the left in front of the trachea; it is then directed backward on the left side of the trachea and finally passes downward on the left side of the body of the fourth thoracic vertebra, at the lower border of which it becomes continuous with the descending aorta[WP]. FMA:3768 aortic arch FMA:3768 FMA:TA arcus aortae triceps brachii EHDAA2:0002080 EHDAA:8287 EMAPA:19070 FMA:37688 MA:0002399 SCTID:181623009 The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps'. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001509 UBERON:FMA_37688-MA_0002399 VHOG:0000851 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Triceps_brachii.png/200px-Triceps_brachii.png musculus triceps brachii ncithesaurus:Triceps ncithesaurus:Triceps_Brachii triceps triceps brachii muscle triceps muscle uberon Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle triceps muscle The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle triceps brachii muscle OG dbpedia dbpedia lateral head: posterior humerus dbpedia long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula EHDAA2:0002080 triceps dbpedia radial nerve and axillary nerve dbpedia olecranon process of ulna Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle musculus triceps brachii dbpedia radial nerve and axillary nerve skin of knee A zone of skin that is part of a knee [Obol]. EMAPA:18151 FMA:37800 MA:0000668 SCTID:181552001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001510 UBERON:FMA_37800-MA_0000668 knee skin knee zone of skin ncithesaurus:Knee_Skin uberon zone of skin of knee OBOL:automatic knee zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of knee A zone of skin that is part of a knee [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skin of leg A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Obol]. EMAPA:18156 EMAPA:18159 FMA:37828 MA:0000674 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001511 UBERON:FMA_37828-MA_0000674 leg skin leg zone of skin ncithesaurus:Leg_Skin uberon zone of skin of leg OBOL:automatic leg zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of leg A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skin of ankle A zone of skin that is part of an ankle [Obol]. FMA:37831 MA:0000641 SCTID:181560000 UBERON:0001512 UBERON:FMA_37831-MA_0000641 ankle skin ankle zone of skin ncithesaurus:Ankle_Skin tarsal region skin uberon zone of skin of ankle A zone of skin that is part of an ankle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of ankle UBERON:cjm tarsal region skin OBOL:automatic ankle zone of skin skin of foot A zone of skin that is part of a foot [Obol]. EMAPA:18504 FMA:37834 MA:0000654 SCTID:181529000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001513 UBERON:FMA_37834-MA_0000654 autopod of hind limb zone of skin autopod of hindlimb zone of skin autopod of inferior member zone of skin autopod of lower extremity zone of skin distal free limb segment of hind limb zone of skin distal free limb segment of hindlimb zone of skin distal free limb segment of inferior member zone of skin distal free limb segment of lower extremity zone of skin foot skin foot zone of skin hind limb autopod zone of skin hind limb distal free limb segment zone of skin hindlimb autopod zone of skin hindlimb distal free limb segment zone of skin inferior member autopod zone of skin inferior member distal free limb segment zone of skin lower extremity autopod zone of skin lower extremity distal free limb segment zone of skin ncithesaurus:Foot_Skin skin of hind-paw terminal segment of free lower limb zone of skin uberon zone of skin of autopod of hind limb zone of skin of autopod of hindlimb zone of skin of autopod of inferior member zone of skin of autopod of lower extremity zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hind limb zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hindlimb zone of skin of distal free limb segment of inferior member zone of skin of distal free limb segment of lower extremity zone of skin of foot zone of skin of hind limb autopod zone of skin of hind limb distal free limb segment zone of skin of hindlimb autopod zone of skin of hindlimb distal free limb segment zone of skin of inferior member autopod zone of skin of inferior member distal free limb segment zone of skin of lower extremity autopod zone of skin of lower extremity distal free limb segment zone of skin of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic zone of skin of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic zone of skin of inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod zone of skin OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity zone of skin OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod zone of skin OBOL:automatic foot zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod zone of skin OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic zone of skin of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic zone of skin of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member zone of skin OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of autopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of autopod of lower extremity A zone of skin that is part of a foot [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:18504 skin of hind-paw OBOL:automatic zone of skin of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of autopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member zone of skin OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment zone of skin OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of foot descending aorta The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. Development notes: results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae EMAPA:18605 FMA:3784 MA:0002571 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4EE35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:261399002 UBERON:0001514 UBERON:FMA_3784-MA_0002571 aorta descendens http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Descending_Aorta pars descendens aortae pars descendens aortae, aorta descendens uberon FMA Wikipedia:Descending_aorta aorta descendens FMA FMA:3784 pars descendens aortae Wikipedia The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. GO:0035906 Wikipedia:Descending_aorta Wikipedia:Descending_aorta pars descendens aortae, aorta descendens thoracic aorta BTO:0000157 EFO:0002525 EMAPA:18603 FMA:3786 GAID:471 MA:0002569 MESH:A.07.231.114.056.372 OpenCyc:Mx4rveb9TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302510009 The thoracic aorta is contained in the posterior mediastinal cavity. It begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra where it is continuous with the aortic arch, and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta. At its commencement, it is situated on the left of the vertebral column; it approaches the median line as it descends; and, at its termination, lies directly in front of the column. The vessel describes a curve which is concave forward; as the branches given off from it are small, its diminution in size is insignificant. It has a radius of approximately 1.16 cm. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001515 UBERON:FMA_3786-MA_0002569 galen:ThoracicAorta http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray530.png/200px-Gray530.png ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Aorta pars thoracica aortae, aorta thoracalis thoracic part of aorta uberon FMA Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta pars thoracica aortae, aorta thoracalis The thoracic aorta is contained in the posterior mediastinal cavity. It begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra where it is continuous with the aortic arch, and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta. At its commencement, it is situated on the left of the vertebral column; it approaches the median line as it descends; and, at its termination, lies directly in front of the column. The vessel describes a curve which is concave forward; as the branches given off from it are small, its diminution in size is insignificant. It has a radius of approximately 1.16 cm. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta abdominal aorta Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002976 EFO:0002524 EMAPA:17856 EMAPA:18607 FMA:3789 GAID:470 MA:0000474 MESH:A.07.231.114.056.205 OpenCyc:Mx4rvYhWCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244231007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001516 UBERON:FMA_3789-MA_0000474 abdominal part of aorta abdominal part of aorta aorta abdominalis descending abdominal aorta galen:AbdominalAorta http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Aorta pars abdominalis aortae pars abdominalis aortae pars abdominalis aortae, aorta abdominalis uberon BTO:0002976 aorta abdominalis BTO:0002976 pars abdominalis aortae Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta pars abdominalis aortae, aorta abdominalis FMA:3789 pars abdominalis aortae BTO:0002976 abdominal part of aorta Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002976 Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta FMA:3789 abdominal part of aorta FMA:3789 descending abdominal aorta FMA skin of elbow A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Obol]. EMAPA:18051 FMA:38250 MA:0000610 SCTID:181534001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001517 UBERON:0003399 UBERON:FMA_38250-MA_0000610 cubital region zone of skin elbow skin elbow zone of skin ncithesaurus:Elbow_Skin uberon zone of skin of cubital region zone of skin of elbow OBOL:automatic cubital region zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic elbow zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of elbow OBOL:automatic zone of skin of cubital region skin of wrist A zone of skin that is part of a wrist [Obol]. FMA:38280 MA:0000638 SCTID:181540008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001518 UBERON:FMA_38280-MA_0000638 carpal region zone of skin ncithesaurus:Wrist_Skin uberon wrist skin wrist zone of skin zone of skin of carpal region zone of skin of wrist OBOL:automatic wrist zone of skin OBOL:automatic carpal region zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a wrist [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of carpal region OBOL:automatic zone of skin of wrist skin of hand A zone of skin that is part of a hand [Obol]. EMAPA:18486 FMA:38295 MA:0000630 SCTID:181527003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001519 UBERON:FMA_38295-MA_0000630 arm autopod zone of skin arm distal free limb segment zone of skin autopod of arm zone of skin autopod of brachial region zone of skin autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb zone of skin brachial region autopod zone of skin brachial region distal free limb segment zone of skin distal free limb segment of arm zone of skin distal free limb segment of brachial region zone of skin distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb zone of skin hand skin hand zone of skin ncithesaurus:Hand_Skin proximal segment of free upper limb autopod zone of skin proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment zone of skin skin of fore-paw terminal segment of free upper limb zone of skin uberon zone of skin of arm autopod zone of skin of arm distal free limb segment zone of skin of autopod of arm zone of skin of autopod of brachial region zone of skin of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb zone of skin of brachial region autopod zone of skin of brachial region distal free limb segment zone of skin of distal free limb segment of arm zone of skin of distal free limb segment of brachial region zone of skin of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb zone of skin of hand zone of skin of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod zone of skin of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment zone of skin of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hand OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of arm autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb zone of skin OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region zone of skin OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb zone of skin OBOL:automatic autopod of arm zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb A zone of skin that is part of a hand [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of distal free limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic zone of skin of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic hand zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of distal free limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic zone of skin of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment zone of skin OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of autopod of brachial region EMAPA:18486 skin of fore-paw OBOL:automatic arm autopod zone of skin OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic zone of skin of arm distal free limb segment pronator teres FMA:38450 MA:0002357 SCTID:302514000 The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001520 UBERON:FMA_38450-MA_0002357 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pronator-teres.png/200px-Pronator-teres.png musculus pronator teres ncithesaurus:Pronator_Teres pronator teres muscle uberon Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle pronator teres muscle Middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius dbpedia The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle dbpedia humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna dbpedia dbpedia humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna dbpedia Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle musculus pronator teres flexor carpi radialis muscle A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the hand. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010733 AO notes - we group the AAO class here, despite the different insertion site - requires vetting "Muscle which originates on the inner border of the humerus and inserts on the carpus." [AAO:0010733] FMA:38459 MA:0002297 UBERON:0001521 UBERON:FMA_38459-MA_0002297 flexor carpi radialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flexor-carpi-radialis.png/200px-Flexor-carpi-radialis.png ncithesaurus:Flexor_Carpi_Radialis uberon MA:0002297 flexor carpi radialis A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the hand. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_radialis_muscle 2 and 3 in human flexor carpi ulnaris muscle AO notes: AAO has a class with the same name, the exact insertion point is unclear; consider grouping "Muscle which originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and inserts on the carpus." [AAO:0010734] FMA:38465 MA:0002298 SCTID:244985003 The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the hand. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001522 UBERON:FMA_38465-MA_0002298 flexor carpi ulnaris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/FCU.png/200px-FCU.png musculus flexor carpi ulnaris ncithesaurus:Flexor_Carpi_Ulnaris uberon Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle musculus flexor carpi ulnaris The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the hand. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle flexor carpi ulnaris dbpedia medial epicondyle flexor digitorum profundus BTO:0001246 EMAPA:19319 FMA:38478 In human anatomy, the flexor digitorum profundus is a muscle in the forearm that flexes the fingers. It is considered to be an extrinsic muscle because its action is at a different location than the main body of the muscle. Flexor digitorum profundus, along with flexor digitorum superficialis have long tendons that run down the arm and through the carpal tunnel and attach to the palmar side of the phalanges of the fingers. This muscle originates from the upper 3/4ths anterior and medial side of the ulna. Flexor digitorum profundus lies deep to superficialis, but it attaches more distally. To get around this problem profundus's tendons go through the tendons of superficialis, and end up attaching to the distal phalanx. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002300 Note that in EMAPA, this is part of the leg, which is presumably a mistake UBERON:0001523 UBERON:FMA_38478-MA_0002300 flexor digitorum profundus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png/200px-Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png musculus flexor digitorum profundus ncithesaurus:Flexor_Digitorum_Profundus uberon In human anatomy, the flexor digitorum profundus is a muscle in the forearm that flexes the fingers. It is considered to be an extrinsic muscle because its action is at a different location than the main body of the muscle. Flexor digitorum profundus, along with flexor digitorum superficialis have long tendons that run down the arm and through the carpal tunnel and attach to the palmar side of the phalanges of the fingers. This muscle originates from the upper 3/4ths anterior and medial side of the ulna. Flexor digitorum profundus lies deep to superficialis, but it attaches more distally. To get around this problem profundus's tendons go through the tendons of superficialis, and end up attaching to the distal phalanx. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle base of the distal phalanges of the fingers dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle flexor digitorum profundus muscle Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle musculus flexor digitorum profundus FMA dbpedia upper 3/4 of the volar and medial surfaces of the body of the ulna interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm BTO extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger). [WP,unvetted]. FMA:38494 MA:0002291 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001524 UBERON:FMA_38494-MA_0002291 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ECR-longus.png/200px-ECR-longus.png musculus extensor carpi radialis longus ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Longus uberon dbpedia Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle musculus extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis FMA:38497 MA:0002290 The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the extensor carpi radialis longus. The longus muscle can be found above the distal end of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001525 UBERON:FMA_38497-MA_0002290 ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Brevis uberon The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the extensor carpi radialis longus. The longus muscle can be found above the distal end of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_brevis extensor carpi ulnaris AAO:0010281 ECU muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist. Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm. [WP]. FMA:38506 MA:0002292 SCTID:244992008 Taxon notes: Amphibians - def: "Muscle of the forearm: It shares a common origin with two other muscles of the forearm. It arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by two tendons: the first one is in common with the m. extensor digitorum communis longus, and the second one is broad and in common with the m. epicondylocubitalis. It is pinnately attached to the dorsal surface of the distal carpal 5-4-3." [AAO:0010281]. Note that we make the insertion relationship a GCI until digit numbering issues are resolved UBERON:0001526 UBERON:FMA_38506-MA_0002292 extensor carpi ulnaris muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray418.png/200px-Gray418.png musculus extensor carpi ulnaris ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Ulnaris uberon Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist. Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm. [WP]. Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle abductor pollicis longus FMA:38515 MA:0002266 The Abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the Supinator and is sometimes united with it. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001527 UBERON:FMA_38515-MA_0002266 abductor pollicis longus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray1231.png/200px-Gray1231.png musculus abductor pollicis longus ncithesaurus:Abductor_Pollicis_Longus uberon The Abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the Supinator and is sometimes united with it. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle abductor pollicis longus muscle Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle musculus abductor pollicis longus radio-ulnar joint A joint that connects the radius and the ulna. Examples: proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints EMAPA:19206 FMA:38863 MA:0000462 OpenCyc:Mx4rvlO2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:264167003 UBERON:0001528 UBERON:FMA_38863-MA_0000462 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Forearm_labeled.png/200px-Forearm_labeled.png radioulnar articulation radioulnar joint uberon FMA:38863 radioulnar joint A joint that connects the radius and the ulna. Examples: proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints UBERON:cjm brachiocephalic artery EFO:0002550 EHDAA2:0000835 EMAPA:17615 FMA:3932 GAID:476 MA:0001922 MESH:A.07.231.114.145 OpenCyc:Mx4rv9mMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244244002 The brachiocephalic artery (or brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck. It is the first branch of the aortic arch, and soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. There is no brachiocephalic artery for the left side of the body. The left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, come directly off the aortic arch. However, there are two brachiocephalic veins. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001529 UBERON:FMA_3932-MA_0001922 brachiocephalic trunk galen:BrachioCephalicArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png innominate artery ncithesaurus:Innominate_Artery truncus brachiocephalicus truncus brachiocephalicus uberon MA:0001922 brachiocephalic trunk FMA:3932 FMA:TA truncus brachiocephalicus Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery truncus brachiocephalicus The brachiocephalic artery (or brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck. It is the first branch of the aortic arch, and soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. There is no brachiocephalic artery for the left side of the body. The left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, come directly off the aortic arch. However, there are two brachiocephalic veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery common carotid artery plus branches A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. EHDAA2:0000217 EHDAA:7331 EMAPA:17855 Editor notes: we follow the FMA and treat the artery as a tree-structure - here we include the internal and external as parts. For the part that excludes the branches, see 'trunk of common carotid artery'. Development notes: in birds and reptiles, develops from arch III and parts of ventral and dorsal aortae FMA:3939 GAID:479 MA:0001926 MESH:A.07.231.114.186.200 SCTID:362041005 UBERON:0001530 UBERON:FMA_3939-ZFA_0000097 VHOG:0000272 a. carotis communis carotid artery carotid artery system common carotid artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Common_Carotid_Artery trunk of common carotid tree uberon FMA:3939 common carotid artery FMA:3939 trunk of common carotid tree Wikipedia EHDAA2:0000217 carotid artery system FMA:3939 carotid artery Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery a. carotis communis A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery FMA right common carotid artery plus branches Editor notes: placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches FMA:3941 In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001928 OpenCyc:Mx4rtW9-AqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362042003 UBERON:0001531 UBERON:FMA_3941-MA_0001928 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Right_Common_Carotid_Artery trunk of right common carotid tree uberon FMA FMA:3941 trunk of right common carotid tree In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Right_common_carotid_artery internal carotid artery AAO:0011054 BTO:0004697 EFO:0001952 EHDAA2:0000873 EHDAA:408 EHDAA:6389 EMAPA:16328 EMAPA:18612 FMA:3947 GAID:481 ICA In human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the brain. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001930 MESH:A.07.231.114.186.200.230 OpenCyc:Mx4rvYx8KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362045001 TAO:0005081 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001532 UBERON:FMA_3947-MA_0001930-XAO_0000366-ZFA_0005081 VHOG:0000267 XAO:0000366 ZFA:0005081 arteria carotis interna http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray513.png/200px-Gray513.png ncithesaurus:Internal_Carotid_Artery uberon FMA MA Wikipedia FMA Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery arteria carotis interna In human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery subclavian artery AAO:0010232 EHDAA2:0001933 EHDAA:4357 EMAPA:17617 FMA:3951 GAID:511 In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP]. The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/zfbook/stages/hatch.html'> Kimmel et al. 1993</a> MA:0002045 MESH:A.07.231.114.839 OpenCyc:Mx4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PA SCTID:265790007 TAO:0005086 UBERON:0001533 UBERON:FMA_3951-MA_0002045-ZFA_0005086 XAO:0000365 ZFA:0005086 arteria subclavia arterial tree of upper limb http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Artery pectoral artery subclavian arterial tree uberon Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery arteria subclavia In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP]. The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/zfbook/stages/hatch.html'> Kimmel et al. 1993</a> Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery ZFIN:curator right subclavian artery EHDAA2:0004514 FMA:3953 In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002047 OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hwqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244246000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001534 UBERON:FMA_3953-MA_0002047 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Right_Subclavian_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery FMA FMA vertebral artery EHDAA2:0002192 EHDAA:5328 EMAPA:17314 FMA:3956 GAID:518 MA:0002077 MESH:A.07.231.114.955 OpenCyc:Mx4rvg_ir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181323003 TAO:0005033 The vertebral arteries are branches of the subclavian arteries. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001535 UBERON:FMA_3956-MA_0002077-ZFA_0005033 VHOG:0000263 ZFA:0005033 arteria vertebralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vertebral_artery.png/200px-Vertebral_artery.png ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Artery uberon The vertebral arteries are branches of the subclavian arteries. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vertebral_artery Wikipedia:Vertebral_artery arteria vertebralis left common carotid artery plus branches Editor notes: placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches FMA:4058 In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001927 OpenCyc:Mx4rdz4xcLVIEduAAAAOpmP6tw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362043008 UBERON:0001536 UBERON:FMA_4058-MA_0001927 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Left_Common_Carotid_Artery trunk of left common carotid tree uberon FMA:4058 trunk of left common carotid tree In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Left_common_carotid_artery FMA anterior tibial artery FMA:43894 MA:0002574 OpenCyc:Mx4rvaHcEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181357006 The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001537 UBERON:FMA_43894-MA_0002574 arteria tibialis anterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray1247.png/200px-Gray1247.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Tibial_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_artery arteria tibialis anterior The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_artery posterior tibial artery FMA:43895 MA:0002575 OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSaQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181358001 The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001538 UBERON:FMA_43895-MA_0002575 arteria tibialis posterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray1247.png/200px-Gray1247.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Tibial_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_artery arteria tibialis posterior The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_artery dorsalis pedis artery FMA:43915 In human anatomy, the dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of foot), is a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001942 SCTID:181362007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001539 UBERON:FMA_43915-MA_0001942 arteria dorsalis pedis arteria dorsalis pedis dorsal artery of foot galen:DorsalisPedisArtery ncithesaurus:Dorsalis_Pedis_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery arteria dorsalis pedis FMA:43915 FMA:TA arteria dorsalis pedis In human anatomy, the dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of foot), is a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery peroneal artery FMA:43921 In anatomy, the fibular artery (also known as the peroneal artery) supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002018 OpenCyc:Mx4rwSO_s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181359009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001540 UBERON:FMA_43921-MA_0002018 arteria fibularis fibular artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fibular_artery.png/200px-Fibular_artery.png ncithesaurus:Peroneal_Artery uberon In anatomy, the fibular artery (also known as the peroneal artery) supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Peroneal_artery FMA:43921 FMA:TA arteria fibularis medial plantar artery FMA:43925 MA:0001997 SCTID:181360004 The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001541 UBERON:FMA_43925-MA_0001997 a. plantaris medialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray555.png/200px-Gray555.png ncithesaurus:Medial_Plantar_Artery uberon The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_plantar_artery Wikipedia:Medial_plantar_artery a. plantaris medialis inguinal lymph node A lymph node in the inguinal region. FMA:44226 MA:0000737 SCTID:181762005 TODO - superficial/deep UBERON:0001542 UBERON:FMA_44226-MA_0000737 ncithesaurus:Inguinal_Lymph_Node uberon A lymph node in the inguinal region. Wikipedia:Inguinal_lymph_node popliteal lymph node FMA:44227 MA:0000738 SCTID:279156002 The popliteal lymph nodes, small in size and some six or seven in number, are imbedded in the fat contained in the popliteal fossa. One lies immediately beneath the popliteal fascia, near the terminal part of the small saphenous vein, and drains the region from which this vein derives its tributaries. Another is placed between the popliteal artery and the posterior surface of the knee-joint; it receives the lymphatic vessels from the knee-joint together with those which accompany the genicular arteries. The others lie at the sides of the popliteal vessels, and receive as efferents the trunks which accompany the anterior and posterior tibial vessels. The efferents of the popliteal glands pass almost entirely alongside the femoral vessels to the deep inguinal glands, but a few may accompany the great saphenous vein, and end in the glands of the superficial subinguinal group. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001543 UBERON:FMA_44227-MA_0000738 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray609.png/200px-Gray609.png ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Lymph_Node uberon The popliteal lymph nodes, small in size and some six or seven in number, are imbedded in the fat contained in the popliteal fossa. One lies immediately beneath the popliteal fascia, near the terminal part of the small saphenous vein, and drains the region from which this vein derives its tributaries. Another is placed between the popliteal artery and the posterior surface of the knee-joint; it receives the lymphatic vessels from the knee-joint together with those which accompany the genicular arteries. The others lie at the sides of the popliteal vessels, and receive as efferents the trunks which accompany the anterior and posterior tibial vessels. The efferents of the popliteal glands pass almost entirely alongside the femoral vessels to the deep inguinal glands, but a few may accompany the great saphenous vein, and end in the glands of the superficial subinguinal group. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Popliteal_lymph_node popliteal vein FMA:44327 GAID:537 MA:0002197 MESH:A.07.231.908.641 OpenCyc:Mx4rv8Ch-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:281065001 The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001544 UBERON:FMA_44327-MA_0002197 galen:PoplitealVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray609.png/200px-Gray609.png ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Vein uberon vena poplitea FMA/obol Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein vena poplitea The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein anterior tibial vein FMA:44331 In human anatomy, the anterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002244 OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYDl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:281066000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001545 UBERON:FMA_44331-MA_0002244 galen:AnteriorTibialVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gray440_color.png/200px-Gray440_color.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Tibial_Vein uberon venae tibiales anteriores Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein venae tibiales anteriores FMA/obol In human anatomy, the anterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein MA FMA/obol posterior tibial vein FMA:44332 In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002245 OpenCyc:Mx4rwA9GD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:281067009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001546 UBERON:FMA_44332-MA_0002245 galen:PosteriorTibialVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray583.png/200px-Gray583.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Tibial_Vein uberon venae tibiales posteriores MA In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_vein FMA/obol FMA/obol Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_vein venae tibiales posteriores small saphenous vein BTO:0003272 FMA:44333 MA:0002217 SCTID:181404009 The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001547 UBERON:FMA_44333-MA_0002217 galen:LesserSaphenousVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gray582.png/200px-Gray582.png lesser saphenous vein ncithesaurus:Short_Saphenous_Vein short saphenous vein uberon vena saphena parva vena saphena parva FMA:44333 FMA:TA vena saphena parva FMA/obol Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein vena saphena parva FMA/obol The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein lateral marginal vein FMA:44359 MA:0002160 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001548 UBERON:FMA_44359-MA_0002160 lateral marginal vein of foot uberon vena marginalis lateralis vena marginalis lateralis pedis FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA:44359 FMA:TA vena marginalis lateralis pedis FMA/obol dorsal metatarsal vein FMA:44377 MA:0002105 The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001549 UBERON:FMA_44377-MA_0002105 metatarsal vein ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Metatarsal_Vein uberon venae metatarsales dorsales FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA/obol Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins venae metatarsales dorsales The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins medial marginal vein FMA:44420 MA:0002171 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001550 UBERON:FMA_44420-MA_0002171 medial marginal vein of foot uberon vena marginalis medialis vena marginalis medialis pedis FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA:44420 FMA:TA vena marginalis medialis pedis sural vein FMA:44561 MA:0002231 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001551 UBERON:FMA_44561-MA_0002231 uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol arcuate artery EMAPA:28215 FMA:44594 MA:0002583 One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. SCTID:244331005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001552 UBERON:FMA_44594-MA_0002583 kidney arcuate artery uberon MP:0011315 kidney arcuate artery MP:0011315 One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. Wikipedia:Arcuate_artery_of_the_foot medial tarsal artery FMA:44598 MA:0001998 SCTID:67925000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001553 UBERON:FMA_44598-MA_0001998 ncithesaurus:Medial_Tarsal_Artery uberon skin of hip A zone of skin that is part of a hip region. AO notes: in MA this isa hindlimb skin EMAPA:18148 FMA:45282 MA:0000658 SCTID:181518004 UBERON:0001554 UBERON:FMA_45282-MA_0000658 hip region zone of skin hip skin hip zone of skin regio coxae zone of skin uberon zone of skin of hip zone of skin of hip region zone of skin of regio coxae OBOL:automatic regio coxae zone of skin A zone of skin that is part of a hip region. UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 OBOL:automatic hip region zone of skin OBOL:automatic hip zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hip OBOL:automatic zone of skin of regio coxae OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hip region digestive tract AAO:0010023 BILA:0000083 BTO:0000511 BTO:0000545 EHDAA2:0000726 EHDAA:518 EMAPA:16247 FBbt:00003125 FMA:45615 GO says gut is region of DT, from intestines to anus. ZFA treats as synonym for alimentary canal, and treats it as the sum of DT + organs (ZF has no term from stomach). GO says intestines to anus (excludes stomach and esophagus). MA appears to agree with GO (stomach and esophagus are not parts). FMA includes stomach and esophagus as parts of gut -- the FMA divides gut into lower and upper GI tract; it's not clear if this is exhaustive (small intestine is in neither), but lower GI tract may correspond better to the GO definition. NOTE: GO now changed, see sf id in def xref. Note that FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000112 TGMA:0001819 Tube extending from the mouth to the anus. UBERON:0001555 UBERON:FMA_45615-MA_0000917-ZFA_0000112 VHOG:0000309 WBbt:0005743 ZFA:0000112 alimentary canal digestive tube enteric tract galen:AlimentaryTract gut gut tube ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract uberon Tube extending from the mouth to the anus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Human_gastrointestinal_tract http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2991587&group_id=36855 ZFA:0000112 enteric tract lower urinary tract FMA:45659 MA:0002636 SCTID:181420004 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. UBERON:0001556 UBERON:FMA_45659-MA_0002636 galen:LowerUrinaryTract uberon FMA:45659 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. upper respiratory tract EHDAA2:0002136 EMAPA:17669 FMA:45661 MA:0000442 OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ SCTID:361381009 Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001557 UBERON:FMA_45661-MA_0000442 VHOG:0000406 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg uberon FMA:FMA Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[FMA] Wikipedia:Upper_respiratory_tract lower respiratory tract EHDAA2:0001036 EMAPA:16738 FMA:45662 MA:0000435 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g SCTID:281488008 Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the tracheobronchial tree, right lung and left lung.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001558 UBERON:FMA_45662-MA_0000435 VHOG:0000382 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg uberon FMA:FMA Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the tracheobronchial tree, right lung and left lung.[FMA] Wikipedia:Lower_respiratory_tract head of organ UBERON:0001559 UBERON:FMA_45729-MA_0000581 head organ incorrect grouping organ head true uberon MA:0000581 head organ neck of organ FMA:45733 UBERON:0001560 UBERON:FMA_45733-MA_0000589 organ neck uberon subcostal artery EMAPA:19097 FMA:4613 MA:0002048 SCTID:244243008 The subcostal arteries, so named because they lie below the last ribs, constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001561 UBERON:FMA_4613-MA_0002048 ncithesaurus:Subcostal_Artery uberon The subcostal arteries, so named because they lie below the last ribs, constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subcostal_artery digastric EMAPA:25134 FMA:46291 MA:0002288 SCTID:244825002 The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001562 UBERON:FMA_46291-MA_0002288 digastric muscle digastricus digastricus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Digastricus.png/200px-Digastricus.png musculus digastricus ncithesaurus:Digastric_Muscle uberon FMA Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle musculus digastricus anterior belly - mandibular division of the trigeminal via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial nerve dbpedia Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle digastricus muscle Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle digastric muscle Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle musculus digastricus Intermediate tendon dbpedia Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle digastricus The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle longus capitis EMAPA:25131 FMA:46308 MA:0002340 The longus capitis (rectus capitis anticus major), broad and thick above, narrow below, arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and ascends, converging toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It is innervated by a branch of cervical plexus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001563 UBERON:FMA_46308-MA_0002340 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Longus_capitis.png/200px-Longus_capitis.png longus capitus muscle musculus longus capitis ncithesaurus:Longus_Capitis rectus capitis anticus major uberon Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle musculus longus capitis anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third fourth fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ dbpedia Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle rectus capitis anticus major Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle longus capitus muscle The longus capitis (rectus capitis anticus major), broad and thick above, narrow below, arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and ascends, converging toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It is innervated by a branch of cervical plexus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle basilar part of the occipital bone dbpedia mylohyoid FMA:46320 MA:0002344 SCTID:244827005 The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity. These muscles are mesodermal in origin. UBERON:0001564 UBERON:FMA_46320-MA_0002344 musculus mylohyoideus musculus mylohyoideus mylohyoid muscle mylohyoideus mylohyoideus and digastricus anterior of rats derived from intermandibularis posterior, see e.g. Jarvik [53] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/table/T3 mylohyoideus muscle ncithesaurus:Mylohyoid uberon Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle mylohyoid muscle body of hyoid bone and median raphe dbpedia Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle musculus mylohyoideus FMA dbpedia mylohyoid nerve from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3 Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle mylohyoideus muscle Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle mylohyoideus Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle musculus mylohyoideus The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity. These muscles are mesodermal in origin. Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle Wikipedia geniohyoid A narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010655 FMA:46325 MA:0002308 SCTID:244828000 Taxon notes: "Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw." [AAO:0010655] UBERON:0001565 UBERON:FMA_46325-MA_0002308 XAO:0004127 genio-hyoideus genio-hyoideus muscle geniohyoid muscle geniohyoideus geniohyoideus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG musculus geniohyoideus ncithesaurus:Geniohyoid uberon Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle musculus geniohyoideus Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle geniohyoid muscle FMA dbpedia dbpedia C1 via the hypoglossal nerve dbpedia Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle geniohyoideus muscle Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle geniohyoideus A narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle cricothyroid muscle EMAPA:19270 FMA:46417 MA:0002284 SCTID:244809007 The cricothyroid muscle attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid and the inferior cornu and lower lamina of the thyroid cartilage, tilting the thyroid forwards and tensing the vocal cords. It is the only laryngeal muscle supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (rather than the recurrent laryngeal nerve). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001566 UBERON:FMA_46417-MA_0002284 cricothyroid cricothyroideus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Musculuscricothyreoideus.png/200px-Musculuscricothyreoideus.png musculus cricothyroideus musculus cricothyroideus ncithesaurus:Cricothyroid_Muscle uberon Anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage dbpedia Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_muscle musculus cricothyroideus Inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage dbpedia dbpedia external laryngeal branch of the vagus FMA:46417 FMA:TA musculus cricothyroideus The cricothyroid muscle attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid and the inferior cornu and lower lamina of the thyroid cartilage, tilting the thyroid forwards and tensing the vocal cords. It is the only laryngeal muscle supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (rather than the recurrent laryngeal nerve). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_muscle cheek BTO:0001754 Cheeks constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear. It is fleshy in humans and other mammals, the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws, and forming the lateral wall of the human mouth, visibly touching the cheekbone below the eye. In vertebrates, markings on the cheek area (malar stripes/spots/... ), particularly immediately beneath the eye, often serve as important distinguishing features between species or individuals. 'Buccal' means relating to the cheek. In humans, the region is innervated by the buccal nerve. The inside of the cheek (forming part of the mouth cavity) is lined with a mucous membrane. It is the most common location from which a DNA sample can be taken (during a cheek swab). The cheeks are covered externally by hairy skin, and internally by stratified squamous epithelium. This is mostly smooth, but may have aborally directed papillae . The mucosa is supplied with secretions from the Buccal glands, which are arranged in superior and inferior groups. In carnivores, the superior buccal gland is large and discrete: the Zygomatic gland. During mastication (chewing), the cheeks and tongue between them serve to keep the food between the teeth. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:46476 GAID:65 MA:0002475 MESH:A.01.456.505.173 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182325008 UBERON:0001567 UBERON:FMA_46476-MA_0002475 buccae cheek galen:Cheek http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chica_cachetona.jpg/200px-Chica_cachetona.jpg ncithesaurus:Cheek uberon Cheeks constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear. It is fleshy in humans and other mammals, the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws, and forming the lateral wall of the human mouth, visibly touching the cheekbone below the eye. In vertebrates, markings on the cheek area (malar stripes/spots/... ), particularly immediately beneath the eye, often serve as important distinguishing features between species or individuals. 'Buccal' means relating to the cheek. In humans, the region is innervated by the buccal nerve. The inside of the cheek (forming part of the mouth cavity) is lined with a mucous membrane. It is the most common location from which a DNA sample can be taken (during a cheek swab). The cheeks are covered externally by hairy skin, and internally by stratified squamous epithelium. This is mostly smooth, but may have aborally directed papillae . The mucosa is supplied with secretions from the Buccal glands, which are arranged in superior and inferior groups. In carnivores, the superior buccal gland is large and discrete: the Zygomatic gland. During mastication (chewing), the cheeks and tongue between them serve to keep the food between the teeth. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cheek Wikipedia:Cheek buccae muscle of larynx BTO:0001626 FMA:46562 GAID:144 MA:0001768 MESH:A.02.633.567.500 SCTID:181744001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001568 UBERON:FMA_46562-MA_0001768 laryngeal muscle larynx muscle larynx muscle organ muscle organ of larynx ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Muscle the muscles associated with the larynx. uberon OBOL:automatic larynx muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of larynx MP:0002263 the muscles associated with the larynx. constrictor muscle of pharynx EMAPA:18964 FMA:46620 MA:0002278 SCTID:244799007 TODO - evaluate taxonomic specificity - functional definition? UBERON:0001569 UBERON:FMA_46620-MA_0002278 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png/200px-Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png pharyngeal constrictor muscle uberon inferior pharyngeal constrictor FMA:46623 MA:0002279 SCTID:244803008 The Inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001570 UBERON:FMA_46623-MA_0002279 constrictor inferior constrictor pharyngis inferior constrictores pharyngis caudales http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png/200px-Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png inferior constrictor inferior constrictor inferior constrictor muscle inferior constrictor of pharynx inferior constrictor pharyngeus inferior pharyngeal constrictor musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior uberon Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle inferior constrictor muscle FMA:46623 FMA:TA musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior cricoid and thyroid cartilage dbpedia Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle inferior constrictor The Inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle constrictor inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle inferior pharyngeal constrictor Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior FMA:46623 inferior constrictor of pharynx Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle constrictor pharyngis inferior FMA:46623 inferior constrictor cricoid and thyroid cartilage dbpedia FMA:TA musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior FMA:46623 inferior constrictor pharyngeus genioglossus AAO:0010660 EHDAA2:0000704 EHDAA:9150 EMAPA:18276 EMAPA:18881 Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. FMA:46690 MA:0002307 SCTID:244784007 UBERON:0001571 UBERON:FMA_46690-MA_0002307 VHOG:0000847 genioglossus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Genioglossus.png/200px-Genioglossus.png musculus genioglossus ncithesaurus:Genioglossus taxon notes: Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians. [AAO:0010660] uberon EHDAA2 FMA Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. VHOG:0000847 Wikipedia:Genioglossus_muscle dbpedia hyoglossus AAO:0010663 EMAPA:18277 EMAPA:18882 FMA:46691 MA:0002317 The Hyoglossus, thin and quadrilateral, arises from the side of the body and from the whole length of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, and passes almost vertically upward to enter the side of the tongue, between the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior. The hyoglossus depresses and retracts the tongue makes the dorsum more convex The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the greater cornu. It is important in singing. Structures passing medially to the hyoglossus muscle are the lingual vein and lingual artery. Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle lay several important structures (from superior in inferior): submandibular gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve. Note, posteriorly, the lingual nerve is superior to the submandibular duct and a portion of the submandibular salivary gland protrudes into the space between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001572 UBERON:FMA_46691-MA_0002317 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hyoglossus.png/200px-Hyoglossus.png hyoglossus muscle ncithesaurus:Hyoglossus_Muscle uberon FMA The Hyoglossus, thin and quadrilateral, arises from the side of the body and from the whole length of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, and passes almost vertically upward to enter the side of the tongue, between the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior. The hyoglossus depresses and retracts the tongue makes the dorsum more convex The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the greater cornu. It is important in singing. Structures passing medially to the hyoglossus muscle are the lingual vein and lingual artery. Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle lay several important structures (from superior in inferior): submandibular gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve. Note, posteriorly, the lingual nerve is superior to the submandibular duct and a portion of the submandibular salivary gland protrudes into the space between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Hyoglossus_muscle Wikipedia:Hyoglossus hyoglossus muscle dbpedia dbpedia styloglossus EMAPA:18279 EMAPA:18884 FMA:46692 MA:0002387 The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001573 UBERON:FMA_46692-MA_0002387 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Styloglossus.png/200px-Styloglossus.png musculus styloglossus ncithesaurus:Styloglossus syloglossus muscle uberon dbpedia tip and sides of tongue dbpedia The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Styloglossus FMA Wikipedia:Styloglossus musculus styloglossus dbpedia palatoglossus EMAPA:18278 EMAPA:18883 FMA:46697 MA:0002351 SCTID:244783001 The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001574 UBERON:FMA_46697-MA_0002351 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray1028.png/200px-Gray1028.png musculus palatoglossus palatoglossal muscle uberon Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle musculus palatoglossus The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle dbpedia dbpedia extrinsic muscle of tongue EHDAA2:0002063 EHDAA:9148 FMA:46699 MA:0002296 SCTID:244782006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001575 UBERON:FMA_46699-MA_0002296 VHOG:0000825 extrinsic tongue muscle uberon intrinsic muscle of tongue EHDAA2:0002064 EHDAA:9152 FMA:46701 MA:0002327 SCTID:244788005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001576 UBERON:FMA_46701-MA_0002327 VHOG:0000748 intrinsic lingual muscle intrinsic tongue muscle uberon muscle of face Check the MA class cranial/facial muscle EMAPA:25133 FMA:46751 GAID:143 MA:0000579 MESH:A.02.633.567.400 SCTID:25903009 The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerve that, among other things, control facial expression. These muscles are also called mimetic muscles. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001577 UBERON:FMA_46751-XAO_0001013 XAO:0001013 face muscle face muscle organ facial muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray378.png/200px-Gray378.png muscle organ of face ncithesaurus:Facial_Muscle uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of face OBOL:automatic face muscle organ The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerve that, among other things, control facial expression. These muscles are also called mimetic muscles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Facial_muscle orbicularis oculi FMA:46779 MA:0001254 SCTID:244726006 The 'orbicularis oculi' is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001578 UBERON:FMA_46779-MA_0001254 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gray379.png/200px-Gray379.png musculus orbicularis oculi ncithesaurus:Orbicularis_Oculi orbicularis oculi muscle tensor tarsi uberon dbpedia Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle tensor tarsi branches of the facial nerve and Zygomatic branches of Facial Nerve dbpedia dbpedia The 'orbicularis oculi' is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle orbicularis oculi muscle Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle musculus orbicularis oculi olfactory nerve AAO:0010088 BTO:0003648 CN-I EHDAA2:0001293 EHDAA:6672 EMAPA:17797 FMA:46787 GAID:830 MA:0001096 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.640 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1319 Olfactory nerve [I] OpenCyc:Mx4rvZuXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180937006 Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with the olfactory epithelium and an olfactory bulb. The olfactory nerve supplies the nasal organ. TAO:0000249 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001579 UBERON:FMA_46787-MA_0001096-XAO_0000426-ZFA_0000249 VHOG:0000703 XAO:0000426 ZFA:0000249 cranial nerve I fila olfactoria first cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray771.png/200px-Gray771.png ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Nerve nerve of smell nervus olfactorius nervus olfactorius [i] olfactory I olfactory fila olfactory i nerve uberon Wikipedia:Olfactory_nerve nervus olfactorius BTO:0003648 fila olfactoria FMA:46787 FMA:TA nervus olfactorius [i] EHDAA2:0001293 olfactory I BTO:0003648 nervus olfactorius BTO:0003648 nerve of smell ISBN:0471209627 Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with the olfactory epithelium and an olfactory bulb. The olfactory nerve supplies the nasal organ. Wikipedia:Olfactory_nerve Wikipedia BTO:0003648 olfactory fila levator labii superioris FMA:46805 MA:0002333 The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus. The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001580 UBERON:FMA_46805-MA_0002333 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Levator_labii_superioris.png/200px-Levator_labii_superioris.png musculus levator labii superioris ncithesaurus:Levator_Labii_Superioris uberon Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris musculus levator labii superioris The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus. The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris Skin and muscle of the upper lip dbpedia Skin and muscle of the upper lip dbpedia depressor labii inferioris FMA:46816 MA:0002287 The depressor labii inferioris (or quadratus labii inferioris) is a facial muscle that helps lower the bottom lip. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001581 UBERON:FMA_46816-MA_0002287 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Depressor_labii_inferioris.png/200px-Depressor_labii_inferioris.png ncithesaurus:Depressor_Labii_Inferioris uberon dbpedia oblique line of the mandible between the symphysis and the mental foramen dbpedia integument of the lower lip Orbicularis oris fibers its fellow of the opposite side dbpedia integument of the lower lip Orbicularis oris fibers its fellow of the opposite side The depressor labii inferioris (or quadratus labii inferioris) is a facial muscle that helps lower the bottom lip. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Depressor_labii_inferioris_muscle dbpedia buccinator FMA:46834 MA:0002272 SCTID:244747005 UBERON:0001582 UBERON:FMA_46834-MA_0002272 a thin quadrilateral muscle, occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face. buccinator muscle buccinatorius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Buccinator.jpg/200px-Buccinator.jpg musculus buccinator musculus buccinator ncithesaurus:Buccinator uberon dbpedia in the fibers of the orbicularis oris dbpedia from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible temporomandibular joint Wikipedia:Buccinator_muscle musculus buccinator FMA Wikipedia:Buccinator_muscle a thin quadrilateral muscle, occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face. dbpedia from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible temporomandibular joint extrinsic auricular muscle FMA:46854 MA:0001230 UBERON:0001583 UBERON:FMA_46854-MA_0001230 uberon FMA left subclavian artery FMA:4694 In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002046 OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hw6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244245001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001584 UBERON:FMA_4694-MA_0002046 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png ncithesaurus:Left_Subclavian_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery anterior vena cava BTO:0002683 EHDAA2:0001962 EHDAA:8726 EMAPA:18417 FMA:4720 GAID:549 MA:0000481 MESH:A.07.231.908.949.815 SCTID:181368006 The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green). Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins and terminates in the right atrium. UBERON:0001585 UBERON:FMA_4720-MA_0000481 VHOG:0001195 galen:SuperiorVenaCava http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Venenwinkel.png/200px-Venenwinkel.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Vena_Cava superior vena cava uberon vena cava superior vena cava superior, vena maxima FMA:4720 superior vena cava BTO:0002683 vena cava superior Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins and terminates in the right atrium. Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava vena cava superior, vena maxima internal jugular vein AAO:0010236 EHDAA2:0000877 EHDAA:5407 EMAPA:17620 FMA:4724 MA:0002157 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqdb95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878 SCTID:181372005 The two internal jugular veins collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001586 UBERON:FMA_4724-MA_0002157 XAO:0000382 galen:InternalJugularVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray562.png/200px-Gray562.png internal jugular internal jugular venous tree ncithesaurus:Internal_Jugular_Vein uberon vena jugularis interna EHDAA2:0000877 internal jugular The two internal jugular veins collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein vena jugularis interna subclavian vein AAO:0010510 EHDAA2:0001934 EHDAA:4455 EMAPA:17621 FMA:4725 GAID:546 In human anatomy, the subclavian veins are two large veins, one on either side of the body. Its diameter is approximately that of the small finger. It is divided into right and left subclavian vein. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002221 MESH:A.07.231.908.877 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvvtMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181388005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001587 UBERON:FMA_4725-MA_0002221 galen:SubclavianVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/200px-Gray1174.png ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Vein subclavian venous tree uberon vena subclavia Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein vena subclavia In human anatomy, the subclavian veins are two large veins, one on either side of the body. Its diameter is approximately that of the small finger. It is divided into right and left subclavian vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein vertebral vein AAO:0010509 FMA:4727 MA:0002262 OpenCyc:Mx4rwKt8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:303961000 The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001588 UBERON:FMA_4727-MA_0002262 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gray563.png/200px-Gray563.png ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Vein uberon vena vertebralis Wikipedia:Vertebral_vein vena vertebralis The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vertebral_vein internal thoracic vein EMAPA:18641 FMA:4729 In human anatomy, the internal thoracic vein (previously known as the internal mammary vein) is a vessel that drains the chest wall and mamma, a term used for breast in anatomy. Bilaterally, it arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002237 SCTID:281056008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001589 UBERON:FMA_4729-MA_0002237 ncithesaurus:Internal_Thoracic_Vein uberon vena thoracica interna Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein vena thoracica interna In human anatomy, the internal thoracic vein (previously known as the internal mammary vein) is a vessel that drains the chest wall and mamma, a term used for breast in anatomy. Bilaterally, it arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein pericardiacophrenic vein FMA:4742 MA:0002187 SCTID:361626007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001590 UBERON:FMA_4742-MA_0002187 Vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray530.png/200px-Gray530.png ncithesaurus:Pericardiacophrenic_Vein uberon venae pericardiacophrenicae Wikipedia:Pericardiacophrenic_veins venae pericardiacophrenicae Vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries. Wikipedia:Pericardiacophrenic_veins thymic vein FMA:4747 MA:0002246 SCTID:303432009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001591 UBERON:FMA_4747-MA_0002246 ncithesaurus:Thymic_Vein thymic tributary of brachiocephalic vein uberon bronchial vein FMA:4749 MA:0002088 SCTID:198293000 The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001592 UBERON:FMA_4749-MA_0002088 bronchial venous tree ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Vein uberon The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Bronchial_veins venous plexus FMA:4767 MA:0000069 SCTID:322151008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001593 UBERON:FMA_4767-MA_0000069 a congregation of multiple veins. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png rete venosum, plexus venosus uberon venous network Wikipedia:Venous_plexus a congregation of multiple veins. Wikipedia:Venous_plexus rete venosum, plexus venosus azygos vein An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP]. EMAPA:18250 Editor notes: check development relationships in different species FMA:4838 GAID:528 MA:0002085 MESH:A.07.231.908.106 UBERON:0001594 UBERON:FMA_4838-MA_0002085 azygos venous tree galen:AzygosVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Azygos_vein.png/200px-Azygos_vein.png ncithesaurus:Azygos_Vein uberon vena azygos Wikipedia:Azygos_vein vena azygos ISBN-10:0443065837 An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP]. MP:0011569 Wikipedia:Azygos_vein auricular muscle FMA:48966 MA:0001229 SCTID:244757006 The auriculares muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear: anterior auricular muscle superior auricular muscle posterior auricular muscle [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001595 UBERON:FMA_48966-MA_0001229 attolens aurem muscle attrahens aurem muscle auriculares auriculares anterior auriculares muscles auricularis auricularis muscle auricularis muscles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray906.png/200px-Gray906.png muscle of auricle temporoparietalis uberon Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles auricularis muscles Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles attrahens aurem muscle The auriculares muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear: anterior auricular muscle superior auricular muscle posterior auricular muscle [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Auriculares_muscles Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles auriculares muscles MA Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles auriculares Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles attolens aurem muscle Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles auriculares anterior Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles auricularis muscle Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles temporoparietalis Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles auricularis intrinsic auricular muscle FMA:48967 MA:0001231 SCTID:244762007 UBERON:0001596 UBERON:FMA_48967-MA_0001231 uberon FMA masseter muscle BTO:0001755 EFO:0001424 EHDAA2:0001067 EHDAA:10561 EMAPA:25135 FMA:48996 In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. In the animal kingdom, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002343 MESH:A.02.633.567.600.500 SCTID:181738000 UBERON:0001597 UBERON:FMA_48996-MA_0002343 VHOG:0000823 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg/200px-Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg masseter musculus masseter ncithesaurus:Masseter_Muscle uberon FMA dbpedia Wikipedia:Masseter_muscle musculus masseter FMA coronoid process ramus of mandible cementomaxillary tendon and cementomandibular tendon dbpedia dbpedia zygomatic arch and maxilla In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. In the animal kingdom, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Masseter_muscle BTO:0001755 masseter dbpedia zygomatic arch and maxilla dbpedia temporalis muscle EHDAA2:0002001 EHDAA:10565 EMAPA:25138 FMA:49006 GAID:148 MA:0002390 MESH:A.02.633.567.600.850 The temporal muscle is one of the muscles of mastication. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001598 UBERON:FMA_49006-MA_0002390 VHOG:0000929 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gray382.png/200px-Gray382.png musculus temporalis musculus temporalis ncithesaurus:Temporal_Muscle temporal muscle temporalis uberon Wikipedia:Temporal_muscle musculus temporalis coronoid process of the mandible. dbpedia dbpedia FMA:49006 FMA:TA musculus temporalis The temporal muscle is one of the muscles of mastication. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Temporal_muscle MA:0002390 temporalis dbpedia stapedius EHDAA:9029 EMAPA:18586 FMA:49027 GAID:164 MA:0001220 MESH:A.02.633.567.950 SCTID:244780003 The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. At just over one millimeter in length, its purpose is to stabilize the smallest bone in the body, the stapes. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001599 UBERON:FMA_49027-MA_0001220 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Musculusstapedius.png/200px-Musculusstapedius.png musculus stapedius ncithesaurus:Stapedius_Muscle stapedius muscle uberon Wikipedia:Stapedius_muscle musculus stapedius EHDAA2:0001909 stapedius muscle dbpedia neck of stapes The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. At just over one millimeter in length, its purpose is to stabilize the smallest bone in the body, the stapes. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Stapedius_muscle dbpedia facial nerve tensor tympani EHDAA2:0002002 EHDAA:10167 EHDAA:10191 EMAPA:18587 FMA:49028 GAID:166 M. tensor tympani MA:0001221 MESH:A.02.633.567.975 UBERON:0001600 UBERON:FMA_49028-MA_0001221 eustachian muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gray912.png/200px-Gray912.png musculus tensor tympani ncithesaurus:Tensor_Tympani tensor tympani muscle the larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds produced from chewing. It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained. Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis[1], and is inserted into the manubrium of the malleus, near its root[WP]. tympanic muscle uberon Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle the larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds produced from chewing. It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained. Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis[1], and is inserted into the manubrium of the malleus, near its root[WP]. dbpedia handle of the malleus dbpedia M. tensor tympani Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle dbpedia medial pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle tympanic muscle Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle tensor tympani muscle Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle musculus tensor tympani extra-ocular muscle AAO:0010028 AO notes: BTO and MA consider this part of the eye; we follow them here (inferred from skeletal muscle). Not clear if omission from FMA is deliberate. Editor notes: todo - resolve discrepancies in which muscles are considered extra-ocular. Taxon notes: Mammals have 7 extra-ocular muscles, but humans lack the M. retractor bulbi. Note in ZFA this is the set of muscles. BTO:0001579 EFO:0001921 EHDAA2:0000482 EHDAA:5729 EMAPA:18234 FMA:49033 MA:0001271 SCTID:181150000 Skeletal muscle derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. TAO:0000511 UBERON:0001601 UBERON:0006229 UBERON:FMA_49033-MA_0000271 VHOG:0000549 ZFA:0000511 extra-ocular skeletal muscle extraocular muscle extraocular musculature extraocular skeletal muscle extrinsic eye muscle extrinsic muscle of eyeball extrinsic ocular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg/200px-MRI_of_human_eye.jpg musculi externi bulbi oculi uberon ZFA:0000511 extraocular musculature FMA:49033 extraocular muscle GO:0002074 Skeletal muscle derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. Wikipedia:Extraocular_muscles FMA:49033 extrinsic muscle of eyeball EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Extraocular_muscles musculi externi bulbi oculi EHDAA2 Obol:automatic extrinsic eye muscle MA:0001271 extraocular skeletal muscle MA EHDAA2:0000482 extrinsic ocular muscle medial rectus FMA:49037 MA:0001281 SCTID:181151001 TAO:0000301 Taxon notes (from VHOG): "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.331 [VHOG:0001127] The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). This muscle shares an origin with several other extrinsic eye muscles, the anulus tendineus, or common tendon. It is the largest of the extraocular muscles and its only action is adduction of the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001602 UBERON:0004836 UBERON:FMA_49037-ZFA_0000301 VHOG:0001127 ZFA:0000301 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png medial rectus extraocular muscle medial rectus muscle musculus rectus medialis bulbi ncithesaurus:Medial_Rectus_Muscle uberon dbpedia inferior division of the oculomotor nerve The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). This muscle shares an origin with several other extrinsic eye muscles, the anulus tendineus, or common tendon. It is the largest of the extraocular muscles and its only action is adduction of the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_rectus_muscle MA:0001281 medial rectus extraocular muscle MA Wikipedia:Medial_rectus_muscle musculus rectus medialis bulbi lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle AAO:0010107 FMA:49038 M. rectus lateralis MA:0001280 SCTID:181152008 TAO:0000383 The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001603 UBERON:0004837 UBERON:FMA_49038-ZFA_0000383 VHOG:0001129 ZFA:0000383 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png lateral rectus lateral rectus extraocular muscle lateral rectus muscle musculus rectus lateralis musculus rectus lateralis bulbi ncithesaurus:Lateral_Rectus_Muscle uberon MA AAO:0010107 musculus rectus lateralis FMA:49038 lateral rectus dbpedia The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_rectus_muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_rectus_muscle musculus rectus lateralis bulbi MA:0001280 lateral rectus extraocular muscle levator palpebrae superioris FMA:49041 MA:0001272 SCTID:244774006 The levator palpebrae superioris (or levator muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001604 UBERON:FMA_49041-MA_0001272 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png ncithesaurus:Levator_Palpebrae_Superioris uberon The levator palpebrae superioris (or levator muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Levator_palpebrae_superioris FMA FMA ciliary muscle BTO:0000654 Bowman`s muscles FMA:49151 MA:0001269 SCTID:280862009 The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle in the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001605 UBERON:FMA_49151-MA_0001269 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray872.png/200px-Gray872.png musculus ciliaris musculus ciliarus ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Muscle uberon BTO:0000654 musculus ciliarus The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle in the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle musculus ciliaris BTO:0000654 Bowman`s muscles muscle of iris . FMA:49154 MA:0001287 SCTID:280888007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001606 UBERON:FMA_49154-MA_0001287 iris muscle iris muscle organ muscle organ of iris uberon . Wikipedia:Iris_muscle OBOL:automatic iris muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of iris sphincter pupillae BTO:0000656 FMA:49157 M. sphincter pupillae MA:0001289 Taxon notes: WP says: It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods; this class refers to the vertebrate structure. Function notes: constricts iris The iris sphincter muscle (pupillary sphincter, circular muscle of iris, circular fibers) is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris. It encircles the eye, appropriate to its function as a constrictor. It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods. In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001607 UBERON:FMA_49157-MA_0001289 circular fibers constrictor pupillae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray878.png/200px-Gray878.png iris constrictor iris constrictor muscle iris sphincter iris sphincter muscle m. sphincter pupillae musculus sphincter pupillae ncithesaurus:Sphincter_Pupillae_Muscle pupillary constrictor muscle pupillary sphincter pupillary sphincter muscle sphincter muscle of pupil sphincter pupillae sphincter pupillae muscle spincter pupillae uberon BTO:0000656 sphincter muscle of pupil dbpedia Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle pupillary sphincter muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle circular fibers BTO Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle sphincter pupillae muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle pupillary constrictor muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle iris constrictor muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle sphincter pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle constrictor pupillae dbpedia encircles iris Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle m. sphincter pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle pupillary sphincter BTO:0000656 musculus sphincter pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle iris sphincter Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle spincter pupillae BTO:0000656 iris sphincter muscle dbpedia encircles iris The iris sphincter muscle (pupillary sphincter, circular muscle of iris, circular fibers) is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris. It encircles the eye, appropriate to its function as a constrictor. It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods. In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle dilatator pupillae BTO:0001371 FMA:49158 MA:0001288 The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris and therefore fit as a dilator. It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on α1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001608 UBERON:FMA_49158-MA_0001288 dilator muscle of pupil dilator of pupil dilator pupillae dilator pupillae muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray878.png/200px-Gray878.png iris dilator iris dilator muscle musculus dilatator pupillae musculus dilatator pupillae musculus dilator pupillae ncithesaurus:Dilator_Pupillae_Muscle uberon The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris and therefore fit as a dilator. It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on α1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle dbpedia inner margins of iris dbpedia outer margins of iris dbpedia BTO:0001371 musculus dilator pupillae BTO:0001371 iris dilator muscle BTO:0001371 dilator pupillae muscle FMA:49158 FMA:TA musculus dilatator pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle musculus dilatator pupillae BTO isthmus of thyroid gland EHDAA2:0002031 EHDAA:5777 EMAPA:18195 EMAPA:18829 FMA:49178 MA:0000727 SCTID:245539003 The thyroid isthmus connects together the lower thirds of the lobes; it measures about 1.25 cm. in breadth, and the same in depth, and usually covers the second and third rings of the trachea. Its situation and size present, however, many variations. In the middle line of the neck it is covered by the skin and fascia, and close to the middle line, on either side, by the Sternothyreoideus. Across its upper border runs an anastomotic branch uniting the two superior thyroid arteries; at its lower border are the inferior thyroid veins. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001609 UBERON:FMA_49178-MA_0000727 VHOG:0000739 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/200px-Gray1174.png isthmus isthmus glandulae thyroideae isthmus glandulae thyroideae ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Isthmus thyroid gland isthmus thyroid isthmus uberon VHOG:0000739 isthmus Wikipedia:Thyroid_isthmus isthmus glandulae thyroideae The thyroid isthmus connects together the lower thirds of the lobes; it measures about 1.25 cm. in breadth, and the same in depth, and usually covers the second and third rings of the trachea. Its situation and size present, however, many variations. In the middle line of the neck it is covered by the skin and fascia, and close to the middle line, on either side, by the Sternothyreoideus. Across its upper border runs an anastomotic branch uniting the two superior thyroid arteries; at its lower border are the inferior thyroid veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thyroid_isthmus lingual artery AAO:0010492 FMA:49526 MA:0001992 OpenCyc:Mx4rvfqDCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181327002 The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001610 UBERON:FMA_49526-MA_0001992 arteria lingualis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lingual_artery.PNG/200px-Lingual_artery.PNG lingual branch of external carotid artery ncithesaurus:Lingual_Artery uberon The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]. Wikipedia:Lingual_artery Wikipedia:Lingual_artery arteria lingualis sublingual artery AAO:0010491 FMA:49543 MA:0002049 SCTID:368706006 The Sublingual Artery arises at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus, and runs forward between the Genioglossus and Mylohyoideus to the sublingual gland. It supplies the gland and gives branches to the Mylohyoideus and neighboring muscles, and to the mucous membrane of the mouth and gums. One branch runs behind the alveolar process of the mandible in the substance of the gum to anastomose with a similar artery from the other side; another pierces the Mylohyoideus and anastomoses with the submental branch of the external maxillary artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001611 UBERON:FMA_49543-MA_0002049 arteria sublingualis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gray559.png/200px-Gray559.png ncithesaurus:Sublingual_Artery sublingual branch of lingual artery uberon The Sublingual Artery arises at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus, and runs forward between the Genioglossus and Mylohyoideus to the sublingual gland. It supplies the gland and gives branches to the Mylohyoideus and neighboring muscles, and to the mucous membrane of the mouth and gums. One branch runs behind the alveolar process of the mandible in the substance of the gum to anastomose with a similar artery from the other side; another pierces the Mylohyoideus and anastomoses with the submental branch of the external maxillary artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sublingual_artery Wikipedia:Sublingual_artery arteria sublingualis facial artery EMAPA:19213 FMA:49549 MA:0001950 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt95ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181328007 The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001612 UBERON:FMA_49549-MA_0001950 arteria maxillaris externa external maxillary artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gray508.png/200px-Gray508.png ncithesaurus:Facial_Artery uberon The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Facial_artery Wikipedia:Facial_artery arteria maxillaris externa occipital artery FMA:49586 MA:0002009 OpenCyc:Mx4rwC1IFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244219005 The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001613 UBERON:FMA_49586-MA_0002009 arteria occipitalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gray508.png/200px-Gray508.png ncithesaurus:Occipital_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Occipital_artery arteria occipitalis The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Occipital_artery superficial temporal artery BTO:0003747 FMA:49650 In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002062 OpenCyc:Mx4rv33WkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181325005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001614 UBERON:FMA_49650-MA_0002062 arteria temporalis superficialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray1200.png/200px-Gray1200.png uberon In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery arteria temporalis superficialis transverse facial artery FMA:49657 MA:0002068 SCTID:146551008 The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001615 UBERON:FMA_49657-MA_0002068 arteria transversa faciei http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray515.png/200px-Gray515.png ncithesaurus:Transverse_Facial_Artery uberon The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Transverse_facial_artery Wikipedia:Transverse_facial_artery arteria transversa faciei maxillary artery Development notes: ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries [http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/Vascular_Devt.html] EHDAA2:0001069 EHDAA:7357 EMAPA:17311 FMA:49675 GAID:498 MA:0001919 MESH:A.07.231.114.523 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDJ45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181326006 The maxillary artery (or internal maxillary artery in older texts) is an artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001616 UBERON:FMA_49675-MA_0001919 arteria maxillaris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gray510.png/200px-Gray510.png internal maxillary artery ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery arteria maxillaris The maxillary artery (or internal maxillary artery in older texts) is an artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery mental artery FMA:49701 MA:0002002 SCTID:147561008 The inferior alveolar artery (inferior dental artery) is an artery of the face. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001617 UBERON:FMA_49701-MA_0002002 mental branch of inferior alveolar artery ncithesaurus:Mental_Artery ramus mentalis (arteria alveolaris inferior) uberon The inferior alveolar artery (inferior dental artery) is an artery of the face. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Mental_artery FMA:49701 FMA:TA ramus mentalis (arteria alveolaris inferior) buccal artery FMA:49754 MA:0001924 SCTID:148066005 The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001618 UBERON:FMA_49754-MA_0001924 arteria buccalis, arteria buccinatoria http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gray508.png/200px-Gray508.png ncithesaurus:Buccal_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Buccal_artery arteria buccalis, arteria buccinatoria The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Buccal_artery ophthalmic artery AAO:0010497 EHDAA2:0001300 EHDAA:7363 EMAPA:17007 FMA:49868 GAID:503 MA:0002011 MESH:A.07.231.114.622 OpenCyc:Mx4rvcCxpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181310005 The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic canal. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001619 UBERON:FMA_49868-MA_0002011 XAO:0000368 arteria ophthalmica http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gray514.png/200px-Gray514.png uberon Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery arteria ophthalmica The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic canal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery central retinal artery FMA:49879 GAID:508 MA:0002038 MESH:A.07.231.114.765 SCTID:277771001 The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001620 UBERON:FMA_49879-MA_0002038 Zinn's artery arteria centralis retinae central artery of retina central artery of the retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray514_updated.png/200px-Gray514_updated.png ncithesaurus:Retinal_Artery retinal artery uberon Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery arteria centralis retinae Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery arteria centralis retinae Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery central artery of the retina The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery coronary artery BTO:0000290 EFO:0002551 EMAPA:19160 EMAPA:25968 EV:0100383 FMA:49893 MA:0002453 OpenCyc:Mx4rvoL56ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181294004 Systemic artery which supplies the heart.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001621 UBERON:FMA_49893-MA_0002453 coronary arterial tree galen:CoronaryArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png ncithesaurus:Coronary_Artery uberon FMA:FMA Systemic artery which supplies the heart.[FMA] Wikipedia:Coronary_artery lacrimal artery FMA:49927 MA:0001988 SCTID:369324002 The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001622 UBERON:FMA_49927-MA_0001988 a. lacrimalis ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Artery uberon The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery a. lacrimalis dorsal nasal artery FMA:50000 MA:0001945 SCTID:369333000 The dorsal nasal artery (nasal artery) is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001623 UBERON:FMA_50000-MA_0001945 arteria dorsalis nasi dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery external nasal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray515.png/200px-Gray515.png ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Nasal_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Dorsal_nasal_artery arteria dorsalis nasi The dorsal nasal artery (nasal artery) is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_nasal_artery anterior cerebral artery EHDAA2:0000128 EHDAA:5296 EMAPA:17854 EMAPA:18614 FMA:50028 GAID:485 MA:0001915 MESH:A.07.231.114.228.100 One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis. OpenCyc:Mx4rv8biO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181309000 UBERON:0001624 UBERON:FMA_50028-MA_0001915 arteria cerebri anterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cerebral_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_cerebral_artery arteria cerebri anterior One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis. Wikipedia:Anterior_cerebral_artery right coronary artery Coronary artery which emerges from the anterior aortic sinus, between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the right side of the heart.[FMA] EHDAA2:0004505 FMA:50039 MA:0002455 SCTID:362037006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001625 UBERON:FMA_50039-MA_0002455 arteria coronaria dextra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png ncithesaurus:Right_Coronary_Artery right coronary arterial tree uberon Coronary artery which emerges from the anterior aortic sinus, between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the right side of the heart.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Right_coronary_artery Wikipedia:Right_coronary_artery arteria coronaria dextra left coronary artery Coronary artery which emerges from the left posterior aortic sinus, between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the left side of the heart.[FMA] EHDAA2:0004504 FMA:50040 MA:0002454 SCTID:362034004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001626 UBERON:FMA_50040-MA_0002454 arteria coronaria sinistra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gray495.png/200px-Gray495.png left coronary arterial tree ncithesaurus:Left_Coronary_Artery uberon Coronary artery which emerges from the left posterior aortic sinus, between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the left side of the heart.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Left_coronary_artery Wikipedia:Left_coronary_artery arteria coronaria sinistra middle cerebral artery EHDAA2:0001179 EHDAA:5298 EMAPA:18239 EMAPA:18615 FMA:50079 GAID:487 MA:0001935 MESH:A.07.231.114.228.550 OpenCyc:Mx4rvh3qQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181312002 The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001627 UBERON:FMA_50079-MA_0001935 arteria cerebri media http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png ncithesaurus:Middle_Cerebral_Artery sylvian artery uberon Wikipedia:Middle_cerebral_artery arteria cerebri media The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_cerebral_artery posterior communicating artery EHDAA2:0004518 EHDAA:3352 EMAPA:18600 FMA:50084 In human anatomy, the posterior communicating artery is one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. MA:0002023 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PCA PCS RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001487 SCTID:181314001 TAO:0005001 Taxon notes: todo - verify ZFA link: An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery UBERON:0001628 UBERON:FMA_50084-MA_0002023-ZFA_0005001 ZFA:0005001 arteria cerebri communicans posterior caudal communicating segment http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg/200px-Circle_of_Willis_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Communicating_Artery posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery uberon ZFA:0005001 posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery arteria cerebri communicans posterior ZFA:0005001 caudal communicating segment In human anatomy, the posterior communicating artery is one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery carotid body BTO:0000204 EMAPA:19211 FMA:50095 GAID:813 MA:0002463 MESH:A.08.800.550.700.120.600.150 SCTID:362586000 The carotid body (carotid glomus or glomus caroticum) is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat). The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001629 UBERON:FMA_50095-MA_0002463 glomus caroticum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray1186.png/200px-Gray1186.png ncithesaurus:Carotid_Body uberon Wikipedia:Carotid_body glomus caroticum The carotid body (carotid glomus or glomus caroticum) is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat). The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Carotid_body muscle organ AAO:0011066 BTO:0001103 EMAPA:18187 EMAPA:18923 EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 MA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of skeletal muscle tissue aggregated into macroscopic fasciculi by connective tissue; together with other muscles, it constitutes the muscular system. Examples: biceps, diaphragm, masseter, right third external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani, serratus anterior[FMA]. SCTID:71616004 TAO:0005145 UBERON:0001630 UBERON:FMA_5022-MIAA_0000302-XAO_0000174 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle muscle skeletal muscle system somatic muscle uberon BTO:0001103 somatic muscle GO:0007517 Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of skeletal muscle tissue aggregated into macroscopic fasciculi by connective tissue; together with other muscles, it constitutes the muscular system. Examples: biceps, diaphragm, masseter, right third external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani, serratus anterior[FMA]. BTO:0001103 skeletal muscle system ZFA:0005145 muscle thoracic duct EHDAA2:0004501 EMAPA:19310 FMA:5031 GAID:1290 Lymphatic trunk that connects all tributaries of the thoracic duct tree to the trunk of the left brachiocephalic vein[FMA]. MA:0002801 MESH:A.15.382.520.869 SCTID:362600004 TAO:0005110 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001631 UBERON:FMA_5031-ZFA_0005110 ZFA:0005110 ductus thoracicus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray599.png/200px-Gray599.png ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Duct trunk of thoracic duct tree uberon FMA:5031 Lymphatic trunk that connects all tributaries of the thoracic duct tree to the trunk of the left brachiocephalic vein[FMA]. Wikipedia:Thoracic_duct Wikipedia:Thoracic_duct ductus thoracicus temporal artery AAO:0010495 FMA:50438 GAID:489 In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002061 MESH:A.07.231.114.228.868 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001632 UBERON:FMA_50438-MA_0002061 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray1200.png/200px-Gray1200.png ncithesaurus:Temporal_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Temporal_artery basilar artery BA EHDAA2:0000163 EHDAA:5285 EMAPA:17307 FMA:50542 GAID:474 In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001920 MESH:A.07.231.114.106 OpenCyc:Mx4rwJTtcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244215004 TAO:0005002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001633 UBERON:FMA_50542-MA_0001920-ZFA_0005002 VHOG:0000237 ZFA:0005002 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg/200px-Circle_of_Willis_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Basilar_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Basilar_artery mesencephalic artery Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010205-5'>Isogai et al.2001.</a> Editor notes: review this term, check taxon scope FMA:50570 MsA TAO:0001068 UBERON:0001634 UBERON:FMA_50570-ZFA_0001068 XAO:0004173 ZFA:0001068 uberon Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010205-5'>Isogai et al.2001.</a> ZFIN:curator superior cerebellar artery EHDAA2:0000681 EMAPA:19309 FMA:50573 MA:0001934 SCTID:244214000 The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery. It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries. Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001635 UBERON:FMA_50573-MA_0001934 arteria superior cerebelli http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CerebellumArteries.jpg/200px-CerebellumArteries.jpg ncithesaurus:Superior_Cerebellar_Artery uberon The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery. It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries. Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_artery Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_artery arteria superior cerebelli posterior cerebral artery EHDAA2:0000659 EMAPA:17861 EMAPA:18616 FMA:50583 GAID:488 MA:0002022 MESH:A.07.231.114.228.700 OpenCyc:Mx4rwO4qIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181313007 The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001636 UBERON:FMA_50583-MA_0002022 arteria cerebri posterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cerebral_Artery uberon The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Posterior_cerebral_artery Wikipedia:Posterior_cerebral_artery arteria cerebri posterior artery AAO:0010211 AEO:0000208 An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. BTO:0000573 EFO:0000814 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA2:0003253 EV:0100026 Editor notes: Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme. FMA:50720 GAID:468 MA:0000064 MAT:0000034 MESH:A.07.231.114 MIAA:0000034 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362877004 TAO:0000005 UBERON:0001637 UBERON:FMA_50720-MA_0000061-MA_0000064-MIAA_0000034-XAO_0000114-ZFA_0000005 VHOG:0001251 XAO:0000114 ZFA:0000005 arterial subtree arterial system arterial tree organ part arterial vessel galen:Artery ncithesaurus:Artery uberon AEO:JB An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. vein AAO:0010212 AEO:0000209 Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. BTO:0000234 EFO:0000816 EHDAA2:0003254 EV:0100031 FMA:50723 GAID:492 MA:0000067 MAT:0000037 MESH:A.07.231.908 MIAA:0000037 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181367001 TAO:0000082 TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel UBERON:0001638 UBERON:FMA_50723-MA_0000066-MA_0000067-MIAA_0000037-XAO_0000115-ZFA_0000082 VHOG:0001252 XAO:0000115 ZFA:0000082 galen:Vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Venous_system_en.svg/200px-Venous_system_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Vein uberon vena venous subtree venous tree organ part venous vessel Wikipedia:Vein vena Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. Wikipedia:Vein hepatic portal vein A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. A vein in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen. It is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, and also receives blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of the main portal venous systems in the body. Conditions involving the hepatic portal vein cause considerable illness and death. An important example of such a condition is elevated blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein. This condition, called portal hypertension, is a major complication of cirrhosis worldwide. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010214 FMA:50735 HPV MA:0002132 TAO:0005090 UBERON:0001639 UBERON:FMA_50735-MA_0002132-ZFA_0005090 VHOG:0000642 ZFA:0005090 hepatic portal tree http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png liver portal vein portal vein portal vein of liver primary hepatic portal vein primary hepatic portal veins uberon vena portae hepatis portal vein Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein vena portae hepatis A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. A vein in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen. It is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, and also receives blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of the main portal venous systems in the body. Conditions involving the hepatic portal vein cause considerable illness and death. An important example of such a condition is elevated blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein. This condition, called portal hypertension, is a major complication of cirrhosis worldwide. [WP,unvetted]. ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3091300&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 MA ZFA:0005090 primary hepatic portal vein OBOL:automatic liver portal vein OBOL:automatic portal vein of liver Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein celiac artery EHDAA2:0004519 FMA:50737 GAID:483 MA:0001931 MESH:A.07.231.114.207 SCTID:181340007 The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta 'anterior to the upper part of T12' vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta. UBERON:0001640 UBERON:FMA_50737-MA_0001931 celiac tree coeliac artery coeliac axis coeliac trunck coeliac trunk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray532.png/200px-Gray532.png ncithesaurus:Coeliac_Artery truncus coeliacus truncus cœliacus, arteria cœliaca uberon FMA Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac trunck The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta 'anterior to the upper part of T12' vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta. Wikipedia:Celiac_artery Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac axis Wikipedia Wikipedia:Celiac_artery truncus coeliacus Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac trunk Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac artery Wikipedia:Celiac_artery truncus cœliacus, arteria cœliaca transverse sinus EMAPA:18637 FMA:50763 MA:0001868 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDb62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279262004 The transverse sinuses (left and right lateral sinuses), within a human head, are two areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the back of the head towards the nose. They drain from the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus (along the top and back of the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses (at the center of the head), at the internal jugular vein. See diagram (at right): labeled under the brain as '' . The transverse sinuses are of large size and begin at the internal occipital protuberance; one, generally the right, being the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus, the other of the straight sinus. Each transverse sinus passes lateralward and forward, describing a slight curve with its convexity upward, to the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and lies, in this part of its course, in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli; it then leaves the tentorium and curves downward and medialward to reach the jugular foramen, where it ends in the internal jugular vein. In its course it rests upon the squama of the occipital, the mastoid angle of the parietal, the mastoid part of the temporal, and, just before its termination, the jugular process of the occipital; the portion which occupies the groove on the mastoid part of the temporal is sometimes termed the sigmoid sinus. The transverse sinuses are frequently of unequal size, with the one formed by the superior sagittal sinus being the larger; they increase in size as they proceed, from back to center. On transverse section, the horizontal portion exhibits a prismatic form, the curved portion has a semicylindrical form. They receive the blood from the superior petrosal sinuses at the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; they communicate with the veins of the pericranium by means of the mastoid and condyloid emissary veins; and they receive some of the inferior cerebral and inferior cerebellar veins, and some veins from the diploë. The petrosquamous sinus, when present, runs backward along the junction of the squama and petrous portion of the temporal, and opens into the transverse sinus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001641 UBERON:FMA_50763-MA_0001868 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif/200px-Gray488_blue.gif lateral sinus ncithesaurus:Transverse_Sinus todo - check su uberon The transverse sinuses (left and right lateral sinuses), within a human head, are two areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the back of the head towards the nose. They drain from the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus (along the top and back of the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses (at the center of the head), at the internal jugular vein. See diagram (at right): labeled under the brain as '' . The transverse sinuses are of large size and begin at the internal occipital protuberance; one, generally the right, being the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus, the other of the straight sinus. Each transverse sinus passes lateralward and forward, describing a slight curve with its convexity upward, to the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and lies, in this part of its course, in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli; it then leaves the tentorium and curves downward and medialward to reach the jugular foramen, where it ends in the internal jugular vein. In its course it rests upon the squama of the occipital, the mastoid angle of the parietal, the mastoid part of the temporal, and, just before its termination, the jugular process of the occipital; the portion which occupies the groove on the mastoid part of the temporal is sometimes termed the sigmoid sinus. The transverse sinuses are frequently of unequal size, with the one formed by the superior sagittal sinus being the larger; they increase in size as they proceed, from back to center. On transverse section, the horizontal portion exhibits a prismatic form, the curved portion has a semicylindrical form. They receive the blood from the superior petrosal sinuses at the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; they communicate with the veins of the pericranium by means of the mastoid and condyloid emissary veins; and they receive some of the inferior cerebral and inferior cerebellar veins, and some veins from the diploë. The petrosquamous sinus, when present, runs backward along the junction of the squama and petrous portion of the temporal, and opens into the transverse sinus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Transverse_sinus superior sagittal sinus FMA:50767 MA:0001867 OpenCyc:Mx4rv9naEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362075006 The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001642 UBERON:FMA_50767-MA_0001867 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif/200px-Gray488_blue.gif ncithesaurus:Superior_Sagittal_Sinus sinus sagittalis superior uberon Wikipedia:Superior_sagittal_sinus sinus sagittalis superior MA cjm The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_sagittal_sinus oculomotor nerve AAO:0010468 BM:MB-IIIN CN-III Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles. // Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. EHDAA2:0001284 EHDAA:3736 EMAPA:17574 FMA:50864 GAID:829 MA:0001095 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.600 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1646 Oculomotor nerve [III] OpenCyc:Mx4rvj7pZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362456009 TAO:0000405 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001643 UBERON:FMA_50864-MA_0001095-XAO_0003090-ZFA_0000405 VHOG:0000692 XAO:0003090 ZFA:0000405 cranial nerve III http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gray776.png/200px-Gray776.png ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Nerve nervus oculomotorius nervus oculomotorius [iii] occulomotor oculomotor III oculomotor III nerve oculomotor nerve tree third cranial nerve uberon GO Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles. // Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Oculomotor_nerve Wikipedia Wikipedia:Oculomotor_nerve nervus oculomotorius FMA:50864 FMA:TA nervus oculomotorius [iii] EHDAA2:0001284 oculomotor III trochlear nerve AAO:0010469 BM:IVN CN-IV Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. EHDAA2:0002090 EMAPA:18218 FMA:50865 GAID:838 MA:0001105 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.800 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1654 OpenCyc:Mx4rvyeBQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180939009 TAO:0000600 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Trochlear nerve [IV] UBERON:0001644 UBERON:FMA_50865-MA_0001105-XAO_0003091-ZFA_0000600 VHOG:0000705 XAO:0003091 ZFA:0000600 cranial nerve IV fourth cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Trochlear_nerve.png/200px-Trochlear_nerve.png ncithesaurus:Trochlear_Nerve nervus trochlearis nervus trochlearis [iv] pathetic nerve superior oblique nerve trochlear trochlear IV nerve trochlear nerve tree uberon FMA:50865 FMA:TA nervus trochlearis [iv] Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Trochlear_nerve Wikipedia:Trochlear_nerve nervus trochlearis trigeminal nerve AAO:0010470 BM:VN BTO:0001072 CN-V Cranial nerve that branches into the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw) and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). EFO:0001402 EHDAA2:0002084 EHDAA:3738 EMAPA:16797 EMAPA:17576 FMA:50866 GAID:726 MA:0001100 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.760 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_869 OpenCyc:Mx4rwMF8CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362459002 TAO:0000697 Trigeminal nerve [V] UBERON:0001645 UBERON:FMA_50866-MA_0001100-XAO_0003092-ZFA_0000697 VHOG:0000704 XAO:0003092 ZFA:0000697 cranial nerve V fifth cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gray778_Trigeminal.png/200px-Gray778_Trigeminal.png ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nerve nervus trigeminus nervus trigeminus [v] trigeminal V trigeminal nerve tree trigeminal v nerve trigeminus uberon Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve nervus trigeminus Wikipedia BTO:0001072 trigeminus BTO:0001072 nervus trigeminus Wikipedia EHDAA2:0002084 trigeminal V Cranial nerve that branches into the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw) and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve FMA:50866 FMA:TA nervus trigeminus [v] abducens nerve AAO:0010471 BM:Pons-VIN CN-VI Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. EHDAA2:0000103 FMA:50867 GAID:824 MA:0001087 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.030 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_876 OpenCyc:Mx4rvjl41ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180941005 TAO:0000310 Taxon notes: Homologous abducens nerves are found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes.[WP] It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, in humans. In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[WP] UBERON:0001646 UBERON:FMA_50867-MA_0001087-XAO_0003093-ZFA_0000310 VHOG:0000697 XAO:0003093 ZFA:0000310 abducens VI nerve abducens nerve [VI] abducens nerve tree abducent nerve abducent nerve [VI] cranial nerve VI http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Abducens_nerve1.png/200px-Abducens_nerve1.png lateral rectus nerve ncithesaurus:Abducens_Nerve nervus abducens nervus abducens nervus abducens [VI] sixth cranial nerve uberon Wikipedia:Abducens_nerve nervus abducens FMA:50867 FMA:TA nervus abducens [VI] Wikipedia Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Abducens_nerve facial nerve AAO:0010472 BM:Pons-VIIN CN-VII Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). EHDAA2:0000489 EHDAA:3729 EMAPA:17569 EMAPA:17796 FMA:50868 Facial nerve [VII] GAID:719 MA:0001091 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.250 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_827 OpenCyc:Mx4rvthgEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362460007 TAO:0000664 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001647 UBERON:FMA_50868-MA_0001091-XAO_0003094-ZFA_0000664 VHOG:0000706 XAO:0003094 ZFA:0000664 branchiomeric cranial nerve cranial nerve VII face nerve facial VII facial VII nerve facial nerve tree http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg/200px-Cranial_nerve_VII.svg.png ncithesaurus:Facial_Nerve nerve of face nervus facialis nervus facialis nervus facialis [vii] seventh cranial nerve uberon Wikipedia:Facial_nerve nervus facialis Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Facial_nerve OBOL:automatic face nerve Wikipedia OBOL:automatic nerve of face EHDAA2:0000489 facial VII GO ZFA:0000664 nervus facialis FMA:50868 FMA:TA nervus facialis [vii] Wikipedia Wikipedia vestibulocochlear nerve AAO:0010473 BTO:0003490 CN-VIII Cranial nerve that runs to the ear. EHDAA2:0002194 EMAPA:17801 FMA:50869 GAID:839 MA:0001109 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.910 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_890 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180945001 TAO:0000247 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001648 UBERON:FMA_50869-FMA_53431-MA_0001109-XAO_0003095-ZFA_0000247 VHOG:0000695 VIIIth cranial nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII] XAO:0003095 ZFA:0000247 acoustic nerve acoustic nerve (crosby) cochlear-vestibular nerve cochleovestibular nerve cranial nerve VIII eighth cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray789.png/200px-Gray789.png ncithesaurus:Vestibulocochlear_Nerve nervus vestibulocochlearis nervus vestibulocochlearis [viii] octaval nerve stato-acoustic nerve statoacoustic nerve uberon vestibulocochlear VIII nerve vestibulocochlear nerve tree Cranial nerve that runs to the ear. ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Vestibulocochlear_nerve BTO:0003490 nervus vestibulocochlearis Wikipedia FMA:50869 FMA:TA nervus vestibulocochlearis [viii] glossopharyngeal nerve AAO:0010474 BTO:0004979 CN-IX Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). EHDAA2:0000709 EHDAA:3733 EMAPA:16795 EMAPA:17268 FMA:50870 GAID:827 Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] MA:0001093 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.290 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_899 OpenCyc:Mx4rwIr5X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362465002 TAO:0000668 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001649 UBERON:FMA_50870-MA_0001093-XAO_0003096-ZFA_0000668 VHOG:0000701 XAO:0003096 ZFA:0000668 cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal IX glossopharyngeal IX nerve glossopharyngeal nerve tree http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png ncithesaurus:Glossopharyngeal_Nerve nervus glossopharyngeus nervus glossopharyngeus nervus glossopharyngeus [ix] ninth cranial nerve uberon FMA EHDAA2:0000709 glossopharyngeal IX Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve ZFA:0000668 nervus glossopharyngeus Wikipedia motor Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve nervus glossopharyngeus FMA:50870 FMA:TA nervus glossopharyngeus [ix] Wikipedia sensory hypoglossal nerve AAO:0010477 BTO:0003386 EHDAA2:0000798 EHDAA:2859 EMAPA:17269 FMA:50871 GAID:828 Hypoglossal nerve [XII] MA:0001094 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.330 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_820 Nerve that innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. OpenCyc:Mx4rv9eWA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362471008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001650 UBERON:FMA_50871-MA_0001094 VHOG:0000693 XAO:0004215 cranial nerve XII hypoglossal XII hypoglossal XII nerve hypoglossal nerve tree ncithesaurus:Hypoglossal_Nerve nervus hypoglossus nervus hypoglossus [xii] twelfth cranial nerve uberon FMA:50871 FMA:TA nervus hypoglossus [xii] Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve nervus hypoglossus GO:0021566 Nerve that innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_820 cranial nerve XII EHDAA2:0000798 hypoglossal XII right pulmonary artery FMA:50872 MA:0002500 SCTID:244235003 TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001651 UBERON:FMA_50872-MA_0002500 arteria pulmonalis dextra galen:RightPulmonaryArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Artery right main pulmonary artery right pulmonary arterial tree uberon Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery arteria pulmonalis dextra The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery left pulmonary artery FMA:50873 MA:0002032 SCTID:244234004 TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001652 UBERON:FMA_50873-MA_0002032 arteria pulmonalis sinistra galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png left main pulmonary artery left pulmonary arterial tree ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery arteria pulmonalis sinistra The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery facial vein AAO:0010513 Comment note MA also has 'anterior facial vein' EMAPA:19220 FMA:50874 MA:0002115 OpenCyc:Mx4rvziz3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181374006 The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001653 UBERON:FMA_50874-MA_0002115 face vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:Facial_Vein uberon vein of face vena facialis anterior The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Facial_vein Wikipedia:Facial_vein vena facialis anterior OBOL:automatic vein of face OBOL:automatic face vein supra-orbital vein FMA:50904 MA:0002228 SCTID:152006005 The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001654 UBERON:FMA_50904-MA_0002228 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:Supra-orbital_Vein supraorbital vein uberon The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Supra-orbital_vein FMA/obol submental vein FMA:50925 MA:0002223 SCTID:152309009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001655 UBERON:FMA_50925-MA_0002223 ncithesaurus:Submental_Vein uberon FMA/obol retromandibular vein FMA:50928 MA:0002117 OpenCyc:Mx4rv0bn95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:151299003 The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001656 UBERON:FMA_50928-MA_0002117 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:Temporo-maxillary_Vein posterior facial vein uberon vena retromandibularis, vena facialis posterior FMA/obol The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein vena retromandibularis, vena facialis posterior FMA/obol superficial temporal vein BTO:0003748 EMAPA:19315 FMA:50932 MA:0002242 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmANWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:150087005 The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001657 UBERON:FMA_50932-MA_0002242 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:Superficial_Temporal_Vein uberon venae temporales superficiales FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA/obol Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein venae temporales superficiales The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein middle temporal vein FMA:50935 MA:0002241 SCTID:151400007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001658 UBERON:FMA_50935-MA_0002241 uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA/obol transverse facial vein FMA:50938 MA:0002247 SCTID:151501009 The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001659 UBERON:FMA_50938-MA_0002247 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png uberon FMA/obol The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein FMA/obol FMA/obol maxillary vein FMA:50941 MA:0002169 OpenCyc:Mx4rvlDSc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:29972009 The maxillary veins (internal maxillary vein in older sources) consist of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001660 UBERON:FMA_50941-MA_0002169 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:Internal_Maxillary_Vein uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol The maxillary veins (internal maxillary vein in older sources) consist of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Maxillary_vein FMA/obol deep temporal vein FMA:50954 MA:0002240 SCTID:798000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001661 UBERON:FMA_50954-MA_0002240 ncithesaurus:Deep_Temporal_Vein uberon anterior auricular vein FMA:50956 MA:0002083 SCTID:151602009 The anterior auricular veins are veins which drain the anterior aspect of the external ear. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001662 UBERON:FMA_50956-MA_0002083 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Auricular_Vein uberon venae auriculares anteriores Wikipedia:Anterior_auricular_veins venae auriculares anteriores FMA/obol The anterior auricular veins are veins which drain the anterior aspect of the external ear. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_auricular_veins FMA/obol FMA/obol cerebral vein FMA:50981 GAID:530 MA:0002096 MESH:A.07.231.908.155 SCTID:244392000 The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001663 UBERON:FMA_50981-MA_0002096 XAO:0004160 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Gray568.png/200px-Gray568.png ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Vein uberon venae encephali, venae cerebri The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins venae encephali, venae cerebri inferior cerebral vein FMA:50986 MA:0002097 SCTID:244395003 The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001664 UBERON:FMA_50986-MA_0002097 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png uberon The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebral_veins triceps surae A set of muscles in FMA, a single organ in MA FMA:51062 MA:0002400 The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg, commonly known as the calf muscle. The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle. The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001665 UBERON:FMA_51062-MA_0002400 calf muscle gastrosoleus gastrosoleus complex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg musculus triceps surae ncithesaurus:Triceps_Surae sural triceps uberon Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle gastrosoleus The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg, commonly known as the calf muscle. The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle. The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle musculus triceps surae dbpedia Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle gastrosoleus complex dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle calf muscle flexor digitorum longus BTO:0000466 FMA:51071 MA:0002299 SCTID:181703002 The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends. This muscle serves to curl the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes (flexion of phalanges II-V). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001666 UBERON:FMA_51071-MA_0002299 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png ncithesaurus:Flexor_Digitorum_Longus uberon The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends. This muscle serves to curl the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes (flexion of phalanges II-V). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_longus tibialis posterior BTO:0000867 FMA:51099 MA:0002394 The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001667 UBERON:FMA_51099-MA_0002394 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png ibialis posticus musculus tibialis posterior ncithesaurus:Tibialis_Caudalis posterior tibialis tibialis caudalis tibialis posterior muscle uberon BTO:0000867 posterior tibialis The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tibialis_posterior_muscle Wikipedia:Tibialis_posterior_muscle musculus tibialis posterior BTO:0000867 tibialis posterior muscle dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia BTO:0000867 ibialis posticus cerebellar vein Cerebellar veins are veins which drain the cerebellum. More specifically, they are: Superior cerebellar veins Inferior cerebellar veins [WP,unvetted]. FMA:51227 MA:0002093 SCTID:40693009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001668 UBERON:FMA_51227-MA_0002093 cerebellum vein epencephalon-1 vein ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Vein uberon vein of cerebellum vein of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 vein OBOL:automatic vein of epencephalon-1 Cerebellar veins are veins which drain the cerebellum. More specifically, they are: Superior cerebellar veins Inferior cerebellar veins [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cerebellar_veins OBOL:automatic vein of cerebellum OBOL:automatic cerebellum vein superior cerebellar vein FMA:51232 MA:0002095 SCTID:64307009 The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001669 UBERON:FMA_51232-MA_0002095 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray704.png/200px-Gray704.png uberon vein of superior cerebellar hemisphere The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_vein inferior cerebellar vein FMA:51233 MA:0002094 SCTID:69104006 The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001670 UBERON:FMA_51233-MA_0002094 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray704.png/200px-Gray704.png inferior vein of cerebellar hemisphere uberon The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_vein temporal vein FMA:51302 MA:0002239 The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001671 UBERON:FMA_51302-MA_0002239 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png ncithesaurus:Temporal_Vein uberon The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein anterior cerebral vein ACeV FMA:51306 SCTID:55155007 TAO:0001067 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001672 UBERON:FMA_51306-ZFA_0001067 XAO:0004158 ZFA:0001067 rostral cerebral vein uberon central retinal vein FMA:51799 GAID:524 MA:0002213 MESH:A.07.231.611.773 SCTID:280913005 The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001673 UBERON:FMA_51799-MA_0002213 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray572.png/200px-Gray572.png ncithesaurus:Retinal_Vein retinal vein uberon vena centralis retinae The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Central_retinal_vein FMA/obol FMA/obol Wikipedia:Central_retinal_vein vena centralis retinae masseteric vein FMA:52519 MA:0002167 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001674 UBERON:FMA_52519-MA_0002167 ncithesaurus:Masseteric_Vein uberon trigeminal ganglion 5th ganglion A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> AAO:0011107 BTO:0001231 EFO:0000903 EHDAA2:0002085 EHDAA:2113 EMAPA:16797 FMA:52618 GAID:725 Gasser's ganglion MA:0001080 MAT:0000511 MESH:A.08.340.390.850 SCTID:244449009 TAO:0000295 UBERON:0001675 UBERON:FMA_52618-XAO_0000427-XAO_0000428-ZFA_0000295 VHOG:0000694 XAO:0000427 XAO:0000428 ZFA:0000295 fifth ganglion gV ganglion of trigeminal nerve ganglion trigeminale ganglion trigeminale, ganglion semilunare gasserian ganglia gasserian ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gray776.png/200px-Gray776.png ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Ganglion semilunar ganglion trigeminal V ganglion trigeminal ganglia trigeminus ganglion uberon trigeminal ganglia ZFA:0000295 fifth ganglion BTO:0001231 ganglion trigeminale MA:0001080 trigeminal V ganglion Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion gasserian ganglia Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion gasserian ganglion Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion ganglion trigeminale, ganglion semilunare BTO:0001231 Gasser's ganglion 5th ganglion ZFA:0000295 A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion ZFIN:curator BTO:0001231 ganglion of trigeminal nerve occipital bone A saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal. Development notes: formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites[PMID:11523816]. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the an- nexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII[PMID:11523816] EMAPA:25112 FMA:52735 GAID:227 MA:0001468 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.572 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtsiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181796003 UBERON:0001676 UBERON:FMA_52735-MA_0001468 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray194.png/200px-Gray194.png ncithesaurus:Occipital_Bone os occipitale uberon PMID:11523816 FMA FMA A saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal. Wikipedia:Occipital_bone Wikipedia:Occipital_bone os occipitale FMA MA sphenoid bone EMAPA:18340 FMA:52736 GAID:230 MA:0001472 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.802 OpenCyc:Mx4rwAU9XpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:272676008 UBERON:0001677 UBERON:FMA_52736-MA_0001472 an unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. butterfly bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg/200px-Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg ncithesaurus:Sphenoid_Bone os sphenoidale os sphenoidale os sphenoidum part of viscerocranium in FMA, part of chondrocranium in MA sphenoid sphenoidal bone uberon Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone os sphenoidale FMA:52736 FMA:TA os sphenoidale FMA Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone os sphenoidale Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone an unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone os sphenoidum Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone butterfly bone cjm temporal bone EHDAA:6035 EMAPA:17682 EMAPA:18020 FMA:52737 GAID:232 MA:0001476 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.885 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkAk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181795004 The temporal bone consists of four parts: * Squama temporalis * Mastoid portion * Petrous portion (Petrosal ridge) * Tympanic part. Note the Temporal bone is not explicitly categorized to a part of the cranium in FMA. The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum. UBERON:0001678 UBERON:FMA_52737-MA_0001476 VHOG:0000800 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg/200px-Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg ncithesaurus:Temporal_Bone os temporale uberon Wikipedia:Temporal_bone os temporale The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum. Wikipedia:Temporal_bone FMA ethmoid AO notes: Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA. Taxon notes: todo - homology e.g. mesethmoid of teleost BTO:0004140 EMAPA:19018 FMA:52740 GAID:212 MA:0001483 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.292 OpenCyc:Mx4rvuUPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:272674006 UBERON:0001679 UBERON:FMA_52740-MA_0001483-ZFA_0000323 VHOG:0001317 a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP] ethmoid bone ethmoidal bone ncithesaurus:Ethmoid_Bone os ethmoidale uberon MP:0000101 ethmoidal bone Wikipedia:Ethmoid os ethmoidale definitional FMA:52740 FMA:TA os ethmoidale Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP] FMA lacrimal bone FMA:52741 In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species[WP, ISBN 0-03-910284-X] MA:0001486 SCTID:272675007 TAO:0000223 UBERON:0001680 UBERON:FMA_52741-MA_0001486 VHOG:0001149 ZFA:0000223 infraorbital 1 lacrimal lacrymal bone ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Bone os lacrimale the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two surfaces and four borders. In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species. uberon Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone os lacrimale VHOG:0001149 ZFA:0000223 infraorbital 1 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two surfaces and four borders. In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species. FMA nasal bone AAO:0000312 EMAPA:19202 FMA:52745 GAID:222 MA:0001494 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.665 One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA]. OpenCyc:Mx4rwGOTZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181801008 TAO:0000365 Taxon notes: In primitive bony fish and tetrapods, the nasal bones are the most anterior of a set of four paired bones forming the roof of the skull, being followed in sequence by the frontals, the parietals, and the postparietals. Their form in living species is highly variable, depending on the shape of the head, but they generally form the roof of the snout or beak, running from the nostrils to a position short of the orbits. In most animals, they are generally therefore proportionally larger than in humans or great apes, because of the shortened faces of the latter. Turtles, unusually, lack nasal bones, with the prefrontal bones of the orbit reaching all the way to the nostrils (ISBN 0-03-910284-X) UBERON:0001681 UBERON:FMA_52745-MA_0001494-ZFA_0000365 VHOG:0001370 ZFA:0000365 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg ncithesaurus:Nasal_Bone os nasale uberon Wikipedia:Nasal_bone os nasale One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Nasal_bone ZFIN:curator FMA palatine bone A bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. It contributes to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbit; it enters into the formation of two fossæ, the pterygopalatine and pterygoid fossæ; and one fissure, the inferior orbital fissure. he palatine bone somewhat resembles the letter L, and consists of a Horizontal plate of palatine bone and a Perpendicular plate of palatine bone and three outstanding processes—viz., the Pyramidal process of palatine bone, which is directed backward and lateralward from the junction of the two parts, and the Orbital process of palatine bone and Sphenoidal process of palatine bone, which surmount the vertical part, and are separated by a deep notch, the sphenopalatine notch. The human palatine articulates with six bones: the sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, vomer and opposite palatine. In bony fish the palatine bone consists of the perpendicular plate only, lying on the inner edge of the maxilla[WP]. FMA:52746 MA:0001495 SCTID:244654005 UBERON:0001682 UBERON:FMA_52746-MA_0001495 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gray996.png/200px-Gray996.png ncithesaurus:Palatine_Bone uberon A bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. It contributes to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbit; it enters into the formation of two fossæ, the pterygopalatine and pterygoid fossæ; and one fissure, the inferior orbital fissure. he palatine bone somewhat resembles the letter L, and consists of a Horizontal plate of palatine bone and a Perpendicular plate of palatine bone and three outstanding processes—viz., the Pyramidal process of palatine bone, which is directed backward and lateralward from the junction of the two parts, and the Orbital process of palatine bone and Sphenoidal process of palatine bone, which surmount the vertical part, and are separated by a deep notch, the sphenopalatine notch. The human palatine articulates with six bones: the sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, vomer and opposite palatine. In bony fish the palatine bone consists of the perpendicular plate only, lying on the inner edge of the maxilla[WP]. Wikipedia:Palatine_bone FMA zygomatic bone EMAPA:25111 FMA:52747 GAID:225 HOG says is homologous to infraorbital 3, which is a dermal bone in dermatocranium. part of viscerocranium, chondrocranium in MA. MA:0001497 SCTID:272683001 The zygomatic bone (cheekbone, malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders. The term zygomatic derives from the Greek zygoma meaning 'yoke'. The zygomatic bone is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term may also refer to the zygomatic arch or the zygomatic process. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001683 UBERON:FMA_52747-MA_0001497 VHOG:0001638 cheek bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray164.png/200px-Gray164.png jugal bone jugale malar bone orbital bone os zygomaticum os zygomaticum, zygoma os zygomaticus uberon zygoma FMA:52747 malar bone GAID:225 zygoma FMA:52747 FMA:TA os zygomaticum Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone os zygomaticus GAID:225 Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone jugal bone jugale FMA The zygomatic bone (cheekbone, malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders. The term zygomatic derives from the Greek zygoma meaning 'yoke'. The zygomatic bone is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term may also refer to the zygomatic arch or the zygomatic process. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone os zygomaticum, zygoma mandible 'mandible' also refers to either the upper or lower part of the beak in birds. Note in ZFA mandible/lower jaw are the same class. BTO:0001748 EFO:0001965 EHDAA2:0001059 EHDAA:8007 EMAPA:18290 FMA:52748 GAID:68 MA:0001487 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.632 SCTID:181812008 The bone that forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place[WP]. UBERON:0001684 UBERON:FMA_52748-MA_0001487 VHOG:0000510 galen:Mandible http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray176.png/200px-Gray176.png inferior maxillary bone lower jaw bone lower mandibula mandibula mandibulla ncithesaurus:Mandible uberon FMA The bone that forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place[WP]. Wikipedia:Human_mandible Wikipedia:Mandible lower jaw bone EHDAA2-modified EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Mandible lower mandibula Wikipedia:Human_mandible mandibula BTO:0001748 mandibula hyoid bone AAO:0000684 EMAPA:18650 EMAPA:18840 FMA:52749 GAID:197 MA:0001484 MESH:A.02.835.232.409 SCTID:263352000 The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (Latin os hyoideum) is a horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind. It is the only bone in the human skeleton not articulated to any other bone. It is held in place by thyroid ligaments. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. Its name is derived from the Greek word hyoeides meaning 'shaped like the letter upsilon' (υ). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001685 UBERON:FMA_52749-MA_0001484 VHOG:0001325 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray186.png/200px-Gray186.png hyoid hyoid bone hyoideum lingual bone ncithesaurus:Hyoid_Bone os hyoideum uberon Wikipedia Wikipedia Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone os hyoideum Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone hyoideum The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (Latin os hyoideum) is a horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind. It is the only bone in the human skeleton not articulated to any other bone. It is held in place by thyroid ligaments. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. Its name is derived from the Greek word hyoeides meaning 'shaped like the letter upsilon' (υ). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone hyoid Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone lingual bone Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone os hyoideum FMA Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone hyoid bone auditory ossicle AAO:0011015 EHDAA2:0001183 EHDAA:5697 EMAPA:17824 EV:0100360 FMA:52750 MA:0000254 One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted]. Taxon and editor notes: This should probably be restricted to mammals - the AAO/XAO structures may group non-homologous structures [Wikipedia:Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles] see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5. Development notes: Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos are attached to the dentary, which is part of the jaw. These are ossified portions of cartilage -- called Meckel's cartilage -- that are attached to the jaw. As the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and migrates to the inner ear area. The structure is known as the middle ear, and is made up of the incus, stapes, malleus, and tympanic membrane. These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in the reptile jaw. For this reason, researchers believe the similarity of the results shows that mammals and reptiles have a common ancestry.[WP] UBERON:0001686 UBERON:FMA_52750-MA_0000254-XAO_0000214 VHOG:0000461 VHOG:0000688 XAO:0000214 auditory bone auditory ossicle ear bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Illu_auditory_ossicles.jpg/200px-Illu_auditory_ossicles.jpg middle ear bone middle ear ossicle ncithesaurus:Auditory_Ossicle ossicle uberon PMID:11237469 UBERONREF:0000002 EMAPA:17824 Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle ossicle MA:0000254 ear bone One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle MA:0000254 auditory ossicle MA UBERON:cjm middle ear ossicle FMA stapes EMAPA:18585 Editor notes: we do not include a class for hyomandibula in uberon, no need to generalize the TAO/ZFA class. Taxon notes (via VHOG): "This structure [the hyomandibular], on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes." Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357? Development notes: As the stapes first develops embryologically from the 6th to 8th week of life, it surrounds the stapedial artery, which supplies the majority of the vasculature of the embryonic head. After that period, the external carotid artery is generated and takes over for the stapedial artery, which subsequently involutes, leaving the stapes with a windowframe-like structure[WP] The stapes develops at the cranial end of the second branchial arch through an independent anlage of the cartilage of this arch. Between the stapedial anlage and the cranial end of the Reichert's cartilage there is a formation called the interhyale, the internal segment of which gives rise to the tendon of the stapedial muscle. The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes.[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x] FMA:52751 GAID:868 MA:0001217 MESH:A.09.246.397.247.806 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5UnkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:264199009 The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001687 UBERON:FMA_52751-MA_0001217 VHOG:0000688 columella columella auris columellare http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray918.png/200px-Gray918.png interstapediale mediostapediale mesostapediale ncithesaurus:Stapes os columellare os intermedium stapellos stapes stelidium stilus columellare stirrup uberon AAO:0000580 stelidium AAO:0000580 mesostapediale AAO:0000580 mediostapediale AAO:0000580 stilus columellare AAO:0000580 columella auris classical definition doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x AAO:0000580 stapes Wikipedia:Stapes columella definitional The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Stapes doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x Wikipedia:Stapes stapellos AAO:0000580 columellare AAO:0000580 interstapediale AAO:0000580 os columellare AAO:0000580 os intermedium incus EMAPA:18583 FMA:52752 GAID:866 MA:0001215 MESH:A.09.246.397.247.362 SCTID:272649008 TODO - check develops from and homology The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001688 UBERON:FMA_52752-MA_0001215 VHOG:0000689 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray917.png/200px-Gray917.png ncithesaurus:Incus quadrate - incus uberon The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Incus VHOG:0000689 quadrate - incus Wikipedia cjm malleus EMAPA:18584 FMA:52753 GAID:867 MA:0001216 MESH:A.09.246.397.247.524 Malleus SCTID:264090005 The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001689 UBERON:FMA_52753-MA_0001216 VHOG:0000690 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray916.png/200px-Gray916.png ncithesaurus:Malleus uberon The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Malleus Wikipedia Malleus Wikipedia:Malleus Wikipedia cjm ear AAO:0011014 BTO:0000368 EFO:0000826 EHDAA2:0000423 EHDAA:502 EMAPA:16193 EV:0100353 FMA:52780 GAID:62 MA:0000236 MAT:0000138 MESH:A.01.456.313 MIAA:0000138 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1062 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViXS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:1910005 Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001690 UBERON:FMA_52780-FMA_78500-MA_0000236-MIAA_0000138-XAO_0000189-ZFA_0001138 VHOG:0000330 XAO:0000189 auditory apparatus auris galen:Ear ncithesaurus:Ear uberon GO:0042471 Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. Wikipedia:Ear BTO:0000368 auris UBERONREF:0000002 external ear AAO:0011037 BTO:0002100 EHDAA2:0000462 EHDAA:3786 EMAPA:16991 EV:0100354 FMA:52781 GAID:104 MA:0000258 MAT:0000147 MESH:A.09.246.272 MIAA:0000147 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1705 OpenCyc:Mx4rwOHtXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]. SCTID:181176000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001691 UBERON:FMA_52781-MA_0000258-MIAA_0000147-XAO_0000190 VHOG:0000311 XAO:0000190 auricular region auricular region of head auris externa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Gray907.png/200px-Gray907.png ncithesaurus:External_Ear outer ear uberon GO:0042473 Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]. Wikipedia:External_ear BTO:0002100 auris externa basioccipital bone AAO:0000039 EMAPA:18705 FMA:52858 Large median unpaired cartilage bone that contacts the exocciptal, epiotic and pterotic dorsally, and the parasphenoid anteriorly. Forms the posteroventral hind margin of the cranium, articulates with the centrum of the first vertebra. Bears a posteroventral pharyngeal process that is flattened ventrally and opposes the pharyngeal teeth of the fifth pair of ceratobranchials[ZFA]. MA:0001462 SCTID:138976007 TAO:0000472 TODO - check FMA UBERON:0001692 UBERON:FMA_52858-MA_0001462-ZFA_0000472 VHOG:0001152 ZFA:0000472 basilar part of occipital bone basioccipital basioccipital bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Parsbasilaris%28young%29.PNG/200px-Parsbasilaris%28young%29.PNG pars basilaris ossis occipitalis uberon Large median unpaired cartilage bone that contacts the exocciptal, epiotic and pterotic dorsally, and the parasphenoid anteriorly. Forms the posteroventral hind margin of the cranium, articulates with the centrum of the first vertebra. Bears a posteroventral pharyngeal process that is flattened ventrally and opposes the pharyngeal teeth of the fifth pair of ceratobranchials[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone pars basilaris ossis occipitalis exoccipital bone AAO:0000147 EMAPA:18708 FMA:52859 MA:0001464 Paired cartilage bone that bears a large foramen (lateral occipital foramen). Contacts the supraoccipital dorsally, the epiotic laterally and the basioccipital ventrally. Forms the posterior hind margin of the cranium and borders the lateral and posterior margins of the forum (foramen) magnum. SCTID:139279001 TAO:0000661 TODO - check FMA - currently we place this as both of a zone of bone organ and an (endochondral) bone. Removed endochondral bone classification for now, violates disjointness axiom UBERON:0001693 UBERON:FMA_52859-MA_0001464-ZFA_0000661 VHOG:0001151 ZFA:0000661 exoccipital http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gray131.png/200px-Gray131.png lateral part of occipital bone pars lateralis uberon FMA:52859 exoccipital FMA:52859 lateral part of occipital bone ZFA Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone pars lateralis Paired cartilage bone that bears a large foramen (lateral occipital foramen). Contacts the supraoccipital dorsally, the epiotic laterally and the basioccipital ventrally. Forms the posterior hind margin of the cranium and borders the lateral and posterior margins of the forum (foramen) magnum. Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone pars lateralis ZFA petrous part of temporal bone EHDAA2:0001452 EMAPA:17683 FMA:52871 GAID:234 MA:0001477 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.885.681 SCTID:361733004 The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull. The temporal bone supports that part of the face known as the temple. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001694 UBERON:FMA_52871-MA_0001477 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray137.png/200px-Gray137.png ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Process pars petrosa (os temporale) pars petrosa ossis temporalis petromastoid part of temporal bone petrosal bone petrous bone temporal bone petrous part uberon FMA:52871 pars petrosa (os temporale) The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull. The temporal bone supports that part of the face known as the temple. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Petrous_bone FMA:52871 petrosal bone FMA:52871 petrous bone FMA:52871 petromastoid part of temporal bone squamous part of temporal bone AAO:0000574 EMAPA:18021 FMA:52883 MA:0001473 SCTID:138672006 Taxon notes: The squamosal bone, which is homologous with the squama, and forms the side of the cranium in many bony fish and tetrapods. Primitively, it is a flattened plate-like bone, but in many animals it is narrower in form, for example, where it forms the boundary between the two temporal fenestrae of diapsid reptiles. Editor notes: consider separate class for squamosal UBERON:0001695 UBERON:FMA_52883-MA_0001473 pars squamosa (os temporale) squama temporalis squama temporalis squamosal squamosal bone squamous bone the thin, platelike part of the temporal bone. uberon Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis squama temporalis EHDAA2-inferred AAO:0000574 squamosal MA:0001473 squamosal bone MP:0004423 Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis Wikipedia:Squamosal_bone the thin, platelike part of the temporal bone. Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis squama temporalis EHDAA2 orbit AAO:0000343 BTO:0004687 Editor note: check orbit sensu bone vs orbital region FMA:53074 GAID:223 MA:0002482 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.690 OpenCyc:Mx4rvW8EgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001410 UBERON:0001697 UBERON:FMA_53074-MA_0002482 XAO:0003171 ZFA:0001410 bony orbit eye socket galen:Orbit ncithesaurus:Orbit orbit of skull the orbital bone is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. uberon Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy) the orbital bone is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. FMA:53074 orbit of skull foramen ovale of skull AAO:0000169 EHDAA2:0000551 EHDAA:10627 EMAPA:18711 FMA:53155 UBERON:0001698 UBERON:FMA_53155-MA_0001873 VHOG:0001189 foramen ovale foramen ovale (skull) foramen ovale basis cranii galen:ForamenOvaleBasisCranii one of the larger of the several holes at the base of the skull that transmit nerves through the skull. The foramen ovale is situated in the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, posteriolateral to the foramen rotundum.. uberon FMA:53155 foramen ovale (skull) Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(skull) one of the larger of the several holes at the base of the skull that transmit nerves through the skull. The foramen ovale is situated in the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, posteriolateral to the foramen rotundum.. foramen ovale basis cranii galen:ForamenOvaleBasisCranii AAO:0000169 FMA:53155 foramen ovale sensory root of facial nerve FMA:53410 SCTID:279927001 TAO:0000679 The nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve. Upon reaching the facial canal, it joins with the motor root of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001699 UBERON:FMA_53410-ZFA_0000679 Wrisberg's nerve ZFA:0000679 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/200px-Gray788.png intermediate nerve nervus intermedius uberon Wikipedia The nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve. Upon reaching the facial canal, it joins with the motor root of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intermediate_nerve FMA:53410 FMA:TA nervus intermedius geniculate ganglion EFO:0003669 EHDAA2:0000491 EHDAA2:0004623 EHDAA:5567 EHDAA:6644 EMAPA:16983 EMAPA:17569 Editor notes: resolve facial VII vs geniculate (see EHDAA2) FMA:53414 GAID:718 MA:0001076 MESH:A.08.340.390.380 SCTID:279076005 TAO:0001291 The geniculate ganglion is an L-shaped collection of fibers and sensory neurons of the facial nerve located in the facial canal of the head. It receives fibers from the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components of the facial nerve and sends fibers that will innervate the lacrimal glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, tongue, palate, pharynx, external auditory meatus, stapedius, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, and muscles of facial expression. Sensory and parasympathetic inputs are carried into the geniculate ganglion via the nervus intermedius. Motor fibers are carried via the facial nerve proper. The greater petrosal nerve, which carries sensory fibers as well as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, emerges from the anterior aspect of the ganglion. The geniculate ganglion is one of several ganglia of the head and neck. Like the others, it is a bilaterally distributed structure, with each side of the face having a geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001700 UBERON:FMA_53414-MA_0001076-ZFA_0001291 VHOG:0000707 ZFA:0001291 facial VII ganglion facial ganglion gVII ganglion genicularum ganglion geniculi nervi facialis genicular ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray789.png/200px-Gray789.png ncithesaurus:Geniculate_Ganglion uberon Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion ganglion geniculi nervi facialis FMA The geniculate ganglion is an L-shaped collection of fibers and sensory neurons of the facial nerve located in the facial canal of the head. It receives fibers from the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components of the facial nerve and sends fibers that will innervate the lacrimal glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, tongue, palate, pharynx, external auditory meatus, stapedius, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, and muscles of facial expression. Sensory and parasympathetic inputs are carried into the geniculate ganglion via the nervus intermedius. Motor fibers are carried via the facial nerve proper. The greater petrosal nerve, which carries sensory fibers as well as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, emerges from the anterior aspect of the ganglion. The geniculate ganglion is one of several ganglia of the head and neck. Like the others, it is a bilaterally distributed structure, with each side of the face having a geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion ZFA MA glossopharyngeal ganglion EHDAA2:0000710 EHDAA:2838 EMAPA:16795 FMA:53471 MA:0001077 SCTID:244451008 TAO:0001301 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001701 UBERON:FMA_53471-ZFA_0001301 VHOG:0000702 ZFA:0001301 gIX ganglion of glosspharyngeal nerve glossopharyngeal IX ganglion petrosal ganglion the group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve. uberon ZFA ZFA MA:0001077 glossopharyngeal IX ganglion ZFA:0001301 petrosal ganglion MP:0001096 the group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve. ZFA eyelash An eyelash or simply lash is one of the hairs that grow at the edge of the eyelid. Eyelashes protect the eye from debris and perform some of the same function as whiskers do on a cat or a mouse in the sense that they are sensitive to being touched, thus providing a warning that an object is near the eye (which is then closed reflexively). The greek word for eyelash is "blepharis". This word is often used as a root in biological terms FMA:53669 GAID:73 MA:0002702 MESH:A.01.456.505.420.504.421 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi41pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244201001 UBERON:0001702 UBERON:FMA_53669-MA_0002702 cilia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/N2_Human_eye.jpg/200px-N2_Human_eye.jpg ncithesaurus:Eyelash uberon An eyelash or simply lash is one of the hairs that grow at the edge of the eyelid. Eyelashes protect the eye from debris and perform some of the same function as whiskers do on a cat or a mouse in the sense that they are sensitive to being touched, thus providing a warning that an object is near the eye (which is then closed reflexively). The greek word for eyelash is "blepharis". This word is often used as a root in biological terms Wikipedia:Eyelash Wikipedia:Eyelash cilia neurocranium AAO:0010153 Development notes: The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. Composition notes: It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton[WP] AO notes: It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ... EHDAA2:0000243 FMA:53672 MA:0000317 SCTID:361731002 TAO:0001580 The neurocranium, which includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof, surrounds and protects the brain[PMID]. UBERON:0001703 UBERON:FMA_53672-ZFA_0001580 XAO:0003170 ZFA:0001580 brain box brain case brain pan braincase uberon PMID:11523816 The neurocranium, which includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof, surrounds and protects the brain[PMID]. Wikipedia:Neuroranium ZFA:0001580 brain pan http://www.thefreedictionary.com/braincase ZFA:0001580 brain case ZFA:0001580 braincase viscerocranium AAO:0010157 EHDAA2:0002206 EHDAA:8361 EMAPA:18022 FMA:53673 Includes: * Inferior nasal concha * Lacrimal bone * Mandible * Maxilla * Nasal bone * Palatine bone * Vomer * Zygomatic bone. The hyoid is sometimes included, and sometimes excluded (FMA includes it)[WP] See also notes for ethmoid bone. MA:0000318 TAO:0001216 The part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull. The splanchnocranium is derived from the neural crest cells (also responsible for the development of the neurocranium or, teeth and adrenal medulla)or from scleratone found in the somite block of the mesoderm. As with the neurocranium, in Chondricthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates, they are not replaced via endochondral ossification. In tetrapods, such as amphibians and reptiles, the columella connecting to the tympanum is derived from the splanchnocranium. in mammals, the splanchnocranium derives the bones of the inner ear, the malleus, the incus and stapes[WP]. the part of the skull that comprises the facial bones[MP]. UBERON:0001704 UBERON:FMA_53673-MA_0000318 VHOG:0000315 XAO:0003176 ZFA:0001216 facial bone facial skeleton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg ossa faciei, ossa facialia pharyngeal arch skeleton pharyngeal skeleton splanchnocranium uberon check-me MA:0000318 facial bone MP:0005274 The part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull. The splanchnocranium is derived from the neural crest cells (also responsible for the development of the neurocranium or, teeth and adrenal medulla)or from scleratone found in the somite block of the mesoderm. As with the neurocranium, in Chondricthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates, they are not replaced via endochondral ossification. In tetrapods, such as amphibians and reptiles, the columella connecting to the tympanum is derived from the splanchnocranium. in mammals, the splanchnocranium derives the bones of the inner ear, the malleus, the incus and stapes[WP]. the part of the skull that comprises the facial bones[MP]. Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton Grays PMID:11237469 VHOG:0000315 Wikipedia:Viscerocranium ZFA:0001216 splanchnocranium ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal skeleton Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton ossa faciei, ossa facialia ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal arch skeleton nail BTO:0001719 EFO:0000956 EMAPA:18734 EMAPA:18735 EMAPA:18736 EMAPA:18737 EMAPA:18738 EMAPA:18739 EMAPA:18740 EMAPA:18741 EMAPA:18742 EMAPA:18743 EV:0100159 FMA:54326 GAID:1320 MA:0002703 MAT:0000158 MESH:A.17.600 MIAA:0000158 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:72651009 TODO: check claw vs nail. A primate's nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared. UBERON:0001705 UBERON:FMA_54326-MA_0002703-MIAA_0000158 VHOG:0001361 XAO:0003103 a horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP]. claw galen:Nail ncithesaurus:Nail talon uberon FMA Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy) a horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP]. FMA nasal septum AAO:0000559 AAO:0010135 EHDAA2:0001234 EHDAA2:0004104 EHDAA:6809 EMAPA:17608 FMA:54375 GAID:115 MA:0000285 MESH:A.02.165.639 OpenCyc:Mx4rv7e-k5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181197004 The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001706 UBERON:FMA_54375-MA_0000285 VHOG:0000017 columella nasi http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray854.png/200px-Gray854.png nasi columella ncithesaurus:Nasal_Septum septal cartilage septum mobile nasi septum nasi septum of the nose uberon Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septum nasi Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septum of the nose Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septum nasi The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nasal_septum Wikipedia:Nasal_septum columella nasi Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septum mobile nasi Wikipedia:Nasal_septum nasi columella Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septal cartilage nasal cavity AAO:0000314 BTO:0002096 EHDAA2:0001226 EHDAA:6801 EMAPA:17604 FMA:54378 GAID:350 MA:0000284 MESH:A.04.531.449 SCTID:263481003 TAO:0000130 UBERON:0001707 UBERON:FMA_54378-MA_0000284-ZFA_0000130 VHOG:0000271 ZFA:0000130 a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face[WP]. cavitas nasalis cavitas nasi cavity of nose cavum nasi; cavitas nasi http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg nasal canal nasal fossa nasal pit ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cavity olfactory cavity olfactory pit the cavity includes and starts at the nares and reaches all the way through to the and includes the choanae, the posterior nasal apertures[HP] uberon Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity cavum nasi; cavitas nasi BTO:0002096 cavitas nasalis ZFA:0000130 nasal canal ZFA:0000130 olfactory pit Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity nasal fossa Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face[WP]. BTO:0002096 cavitas nasi MA MA jaw AAO:0000988 BTO:0001749 Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA[MESH]. Editor notes: in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates. Development notes: There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). Function notes: consider adding a generic grouping class such as 'articulated structure of mouth' FMA:54396 GAID:214 MA:0001905 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001227 UBERON:0001708 UBERON:FMA_54396-MA_0001905-ZFA_0001227 ZFA:0001227 galen:Jaw jaw cartilage jaws mandibular arch mandibular arch skeleton ncithesaurus:Jaw oral jaw skeleton pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton uberon visceral arch 1 UBERONREF:0000002 ZFA:0001227 mandibular arch skeleton ZFA:0001227 jaw cartilage Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA[MESH]. Wikipedia:Jaw upper jaw AAO:0000620 AO notes: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA. See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head EHDAA2:0002118 EHDAA:8025 EMAPA:17924 FMA:54397 MA:0001908 The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw. UBERON:0001709 UBERON:FMA_54397-MA_0001908-XAO_0003087-ZFA_0001272 VHOG:0000454 XAO:0003087 dorsal mandibular arch dorsal visceral arch 1 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray189.png/200px-Gray189.png ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw palatoquadrate arch uberon upper pharyngeal jaw upper pharyngeal jaws ZFA:0001272 upper pharyngeal jaw ZFA:0001272 dorsal visceral arch 1 The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw. Wikipedia:Upper_jaw ZFIN:curator lower jaw . AAO:0000272 AO notes: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA. See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head EFO:0003660 EHDAA2:0001018 EHDAA:7995 EMAPA:17906 FMA:54398 MA:0001906 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.632 TAO:0001273 UBERON:0001710 UBERON:FMA_54398-MA_0001906-XAO_0003084-ZFA_0001273 VHOG:0000453 XAO:0003084 ZFA:0001273 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray176.png/200px-Gray176.png mandible mandibular series ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw uberon ventral mandibular arch Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence . Wikipedia:Lower_jaw eyelid AO notes: FMA divides this into skin, fascia, conjunctiva. Consider adding 'eye surface', like MA An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eyeball. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to 'open' the eye. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. The human eyelid features a row of eyelashes which serve to heighten the protection of the eye from dust and foreign debris, as well as from perspiration. 'Palpebral' (and 'blepharo') means relating to the eyelids. Its key function is to regularly spread the tears and other secretion on the eye surface to keep it moist, since the cornea must be continuously moist. They keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Moreover, the blink reflex protects the eye from foreign bodies. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002241 EHDAA2:0000487 EHDAA:9037 EMAPA:17829 EV:0100338 FMA:54437 GAID:72 MA:0000268 MESH:A.01.456.505.420.504 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:265782007 UBERON:0001711 UBERON:FMA_54437-MA_0000268 VHOG:0000016 blepharon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg/200px-Eye_makeup.jpg ncithesaurus:Eyelid palpebra palpebra inferior, palpebra superior palpebrae uberon An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eyeball. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to 'open' the eye. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. The human eyelid features a row of eyelashes which serve to heighten the protection of the eye from dust and foreign debris, as well as from perspiration. 'Palpebral' (and 'blepharo') means relating to the eyelids. Its key function is to regularly spread the tears and other secretion on the eye surface to keep it moist, since the cornea must be continuously moist. They keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Moreover, the blink reflex protects the eye from foreign bodies. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Eyelid Wikipedia:Eyelid palpebra inferior, palpebra superior palpebrae multiple upper eyelid EHDAA2:0002115 EHDAA:9047 EMAPA:17834 FMA:54439 MA:0001267 OpenCyc:Mx4rvg4ohJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244499008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001712 UBERON:FMA_54439-MA_0001267 VHOG:0000389 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg/200px-Eye_makeup.jpg ncithesaurus:Upper_Eyelid palpebra superior superior eyelid uberon FMA:54439 FMA:TA palpebra superior lower eyelid AAO:0010349 EHDAA2:0001015 EHDAA:9041 EMAPA:17831 FMA:54442 MA:0001263 OpenCyc:Mx4rvW6GtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362528002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001713 UBERON:FMA_54442-MA_0001263-XAO_0000007 VHOG:0000388 XAO:0000007 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg/200px-Eye_makeup.jpg inferior eyelid ncithesaurus:Lower_Eyelid palpebra inferior uberon FMA:54442 FMA:TA palpebra inferior cranial ganglion BTO:0000106 EFO:0000902 EMAPA:16659 Editor note: split out MA ter,. Note the MA term is part of the CNS. This needs to be checked w.r.t relationship between ganglia and the PNS, as the PNS and CNS are spatially disjoint. also meaning of MA term is not clear (appears to be union of nerve and ganglion, but MA 'cranial nerve' is unconnected) FMA:54502 Ganglion of a cranial nerve[cjm]. MA:0000213 MA:0000214 MAT:0000200 MIAA:0000200 SCTID:244448001 TAO:0000013 UBERON:0001714 UBERON:0003213 VHOG:0000076 XAO:0000027 ZFA:0000013 cranial ganglia cranial ganglion cranial ganglion/nerve cranial nerve ganglion cranial neural ganglion cranial neural tree organ ganglion ganglion of cranial nerve ganglion of cranial neural tree organ head ganglion presumptive cranial ganglia uberon ZFA:0000013 presumptive cranial ganglia OBOL:automatic ganglion of cranial neural tree organ OBOL:automatic cranial neural tree organ ganglion Ganglion of a cranial nerve[cjm]. Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_ganglion FMA:54502 ganglion of cranial nerve oculomotor nuclear complex ABA:III BM:MB-III EFO:0002468 EHDAA2:0004211 EV:0100250 FMA:54510 MA:0001073 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1240 SCTID:362457000 TAO:0000553 The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From this nucleus the fibers pass forward through the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the medial part of the substantia nigra, forming a series of curves with a lateral convexity, and emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle. The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve does not consist of a continuous column of cells, but is broken up into a number of smaller nuclei, which are arranged in two groups, anterior and posterior. Those of the posterior group are six in number, five of which are symmetrical on the two sides of the middle line, while the sixth is centrally placed and is common to the nerves of both sides. The anterior group consists of two nuclei, an antero-medial and an antero-lateral . The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, considered from a physiological standpoint, can be subdivided into several smaller groups of cells, each group controlling a particular muscle. A nearby nucleus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, is responsible for the autonomic functions of the oculomotor nerve, including pupillary constriction and lens accommodation. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001715 UBERON:FMA_54510-ZFA_0000553 VHOG:0001389 ZFA:0000553 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png motor nucleus III nIII ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Nucleus nucleus nervi oculomotorii nucleus of oculomotor nerve nucleus of third cranial nerve oculomotor III nucleus oculomotor nucleus third cranial nerve nucleus uberon MA:0001073 oculomotor III nucleus FMA:54510 FMA:TA nucleus nervi oculomotorii The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From this nucleus the fibers pass forward through the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the medial part of the substantia nigra, forming a series of curves with a lateral convexity, and emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle. The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve does not consist of a continuous column of cells, but is broken up into a number of smaller nuclei, which are arranged in two groups, anterior and posterior. Those of the posterior group are six in number, five of which are symmetrical on the two sides of the middle line, while the sixth is centrally placed and is common to the nerves of both sides. The anterior group consists of two nuclei, an antero-medial and an antero-lateral . The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, considered from a physiological standpoint, can be subdivided into several smaller groups of cells, each group controlling a particular muscle. A nearby nucleus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, is responsible for the autonomic functions of the oculomotor nerve, including pupillary constriction and lens accommodation. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nucleus_of_oculomotor_nerve secondary palate BTO:0001779 EMAPA:18948 FMA:54549 GAID:152 MA:0002476 MESH:A.14.521.658 Partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities[GO]. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior bony hard palate, and the posterior fleshy soft palate or velum. The maxillary nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve (V) supplies sensory innervation to the palate[WP]. SCTID:181227004 UBERON:0001716 UBERON:FMA_54549-FMA_55023-MA_0002476-MA_0002477-MIAA_0000161 definitive palate galen:Palate http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg ncithesaurus:Palate oral roof palate palatum palatum palatum secundarium; palatum definitivum present in mammals and some reptiles. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but, in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separate. The secondary palate is formed by bilateral medial extensions of maxillary processes. The extensions (palatine processes) meet at the midline, merging dorsally with nasal septum and rostrally with primary palate. The secondary palate (hard palate) separates nasal and oral cavities. Caudal extension of the secondary palate into the pharynx, forms a soft palate which divides the rostral pharynx into dorsal (nasopharynx) and ventral (oropharynx) chamber. roof of mouth uberon Wikipedia:Palate palatum GO:0060021 Partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities[GO]. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior bony hard palate, and the posterior fleshy soft palate or velum. The maxillary nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve (V) supplies sensory innervation to the palate[WP]. Wikipedia:Palate Wikipedia:Secondary_palate EMAPA:18948 definitive palate EMAPA:18948 GO:0060021 MA:0002476 palate Wikipedia:Secondary_palate palatum secundarium; palatum definitivum spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve BM:VSp FMA:54565 GAID:605 MA:0001053 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.931.920 SCTID:369033006 The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face. The facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves also convey pain information from their areas to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001717 UBERON:FMA_54565-MA_0001053 VHOG:0001357 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Spinal_Tract_of_the_Trigeminal_Nerve nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini spinal nucleus of cranial nerve v spinal trigeminal nucleus trigeminal nerve spinal tract nucleus trigeminal spinal nucleus trigeminal v spinal sensory nucleus uberon The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face. The facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves also convey pain information from their areas to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus MA Wikipedia:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini GO:0021741 spinal trigeminal nucleus MA mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve BM:Pons-5ME Development notes: develops from NC in some species[UBERONREF:0000002] Not of NC origin[doi:10.1002/dvdy.1197]. AO notes: part of midbrain tegmentum in NIF and MA. the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus are the only centrally located primary sensory neurons in amniotes; all others are extramedullary[PMID:11747082] EV:0100252 FMA:54568 MA:0001057 Me5 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1010 SCTID:369032001 TAO:0000312 The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with proprioception of the face, that is, the feeling of position of the muscles. Unlike many nuclei within the CNS, the mesencephalic nucleus contains no chemical synapses but are electrically coupled. Instead, neurons of this nucleus are pseudounipolar cells receiving proprioceptive information from the jaw, and sending projections to the motor trigeminal nucleus to mediate monosynaptic jaw reflexes. It is also the only structure in the CNS to contain the cell bodies of a primary afferent, which are usually contained within ganglia. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001718 UBERON:FMA_54568-ZFA_0000312 VHOG:0001354 ZFA:0000312 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png mesencephalic nucleus mesencephalic trigeminal V nucleus mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini nucleus of mesencephalic root of v trigeminal V mesencephalic nucleus trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus trigeminal nerve mesencepahlic nucleus uberon MA NIF Me5 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1010 The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with proprioception of the face, that is, the feeling of position of the muscles. Unlike many nuclei within the CNS, the mesencephalic nucleus contains no chemical synapses but are electrically coupled. Instead, neurons of this nucleus are pseudounipolar cells receiving proprioceptive information from the jaw, and sending projections to the motor trigeminal nucleus to mediate monosynaptic jaw reflexes. It is also the only structure in the CNS to contain the cell bodies of a primary afferent, which are usually contained within ganglia. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve Wikipedia:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini GO:0021739 mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus MA:0001057 trigeminal V mesencephalic nucleus Wikipedia:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve mesencephalic nucleus nucleus ambiguus ABA:AMB BM:Me-AMB EHDAA2:0004305 EV:0100292 FMA:54588 MA:0001050 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2650 SCTID:280184006 The nucleus ambiguus (literally 'ambiguous nucleus') is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001719 UBERON:FMA_54588-MA_0001050 ambiguus nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray695.png/200px-Gray695.png ncithesaurus:Nucleus_Ambiguus uberon The nucleus ambiguus (literally 'ambiguous nucleus') is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nucleus_ambiguus definitional cochlear nucleus FMA:54603 GAID:601 MA:0001012 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.600.135 SCTID:362463009 TAO:0002243 The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001720 UBERON:FMA_54603-ZFA_0001638 ZFA:0001638 cochlear VIII nucleus cochlear nucleus of acoustic nerve cochlear nucleus of eighth cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Nucleus nucleus of cochlear nerve statoacoustic (VIII) nucleus uberon vestibulocochlear nucleus The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cochlear_nucleus MA:0001012 cochlear VIII nucleus inferior vestibular nucleus ABA:SPIV BM:Me-VS-VSI BTO:0004369 EV:0100258 FMA:54608 MA:0001054 SCTID:280175006 The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001721 UBERON:FMA_54608-MA_0001054 descending vestibular nucleus ncithesaurus:Spinal_Vestibular_Nucleus nucleus vestibularis inferior spinal vestibular nucleus uberon The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_vestibular_nucleus Wikipedia:Inferior_vestibular_nucleus nucleus vestibularis inferior FMA:54608 descending vestibular nucleus FMA:54608 spinal vestibular nucleus medial vestibular nucleus ABA:MV BM:Me-VS-VSM BTO:0004371 FMA:54611 MA:0001048 SCTID:280174005 The medial vestibular nucleus is one of the vestibular nuclei. It is located in the medulla oblongata. Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus “Deiters”)- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). Ipsilaterally for posture Medial vestibulo-spinal tract (medial, lateral, inferior, vestibular nuclei), bilateral projection via descending medial longitudinal fasciculus to cervical segments. DESCENDING MLF. Bilaterally for head/neck/eye movements [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001722 UBERON:FMA_54611-MA_0001048 chief vestibular nucleus dorsal vestibular nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray700.png/200px-Gray700.png medial nucleus ncithesaurus:Medial_Vestibular_Nucleus nucleus of schwalbe nucleus triangularis nucleus vestibularis medialis principal vestibular nucleus schwalbe's nucleus triangular nucleus uberon FMA:54611 chief vestibular nucleus FMA:54611 nucleus of schwalbe The medial vestibular nucleus is one of the vestibular nuclei. It is located in the medulla oblongata. Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus “Deiters”)- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). Ipsilaterally for posture Medial vestibulo-spinal tract (medial, lateral, inferior, vestibular nuclei), bilateral projection via descending medial longitudinal fasciculus to cervical segments. DESCENDING MLF. Bilaterally for head/neck/eye movements [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_vestibular_nucleus FMA:54611 FMA:TA nucleus triangularis Wikipedia:Medial_vestibular_nucleus medial nucleus FMA:54611 schwalbe's nucleus FMA:54611 triangular nucleus FMA:54611 principal vestibular nucleus Wikipedia:Medial_vestibular_nucleus nucleus vestibularis medialis FMA:54611 dorsal vestibular nucleus tongue AAO:0010360 BTO:0001385 EFO:0000833 EHDAA2:0002062 EHDAA:9144 EMAPA:17185 EMAPA:18870 EV:0100058 FMA:54640 GAID:816 MA:0000347 MAT:0000040 MESH:A.14.549.885 MIAA:0000040 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA_53KXLq9EdqAAAACs6hnmQ SCTID:181226008 TAO:0005333 The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO]. UBERON:0001723 UBERON:FMA_54640-MA_0000347-MIAA_0000040-XAO_0000446 VHOG:0000419 XAO:0000446 ZFA:0005333 editor notes - in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. Taxon notes: Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods. Development notes: The tongue has contributions from all pharyngeal arches which changes with time. The tongue initially begins as swelling rostral to foramen cecum, the median tongue bud.. tongue muscles derive from the somites - http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Tongue_Development#Pharyngeal_Arch_Contributions http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg/200px-Tongue.agr.jpg lingua ncithesaurus:Tongue uberon Wikipedia:Tongue lingua definitional GO Wikipedia MA Wikipedia GO:0043586 The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO]. Wikipedia:Tongue anterior 2/3 BTO FMA sphenoidal sinus FMA:54683 GAID:359 MA:0001795 MESH:A.04.531.621.827 One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating with the highest meatus of the nasal cavity on the same side[MESH]. The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. The following are their average measurements: vertical height, 2.2 cm. ; transverse breadth, 2 cm. ; antero-posterior depth, 2.2 cm. [WP,unvetted]. OpenCyc:Mx4rwEIoz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181207000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001724 UBERON:FMA_54683-MA_0001795 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gray856.png/200px-Gray856.png ncithesaurus:Sphenoid_Sinus sinus sphenoidalis sphenoid sinus uberon MA Wikipedia:Sphenoidal_sinus sinus sphenoidalis MESH:A.04.531.621.827 One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating with the highest meatus of the nasal cavity on the same side[MESH]. The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. The following are their average measurements: vertical height, 2.2 cm. ; transverse breadth, 2 cm. ; antero-posterior depth, 2.2 cm. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sphenoidal_sinus cranial synchondrosis FMA:54816 MA:0001502 SCTID:314228003 UBERON:0001725 UBERON:FMA_54816-MA_0001502 the cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. uberon FMA http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87514 the cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. papilla of tongue FMA:54819 MA:0001593 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4102 SCTID:368728006 UBERON:0001726 UBERON:FMA_54819-MA_0001593 lingual papilla ncithesaurus:Papilla_of_the_Tongue tongue papilla uberon FMA-modified taste bud AAO:0010573 BTO:0000989 Editor notes: todo - account for non-tongue taste buds. Development notes: arise by inductive interactions between epithelial cells and invading gustatory cells from chorda tympani (facial), glossophrayngeal and vagues nerves ISBN10:1607950324 (todo - request cell terms from CL) Taste buds form in greatest concentration on the dorsal surface of the tongue FMA:54825 GAID:815 MA:0001591 MESH:A.08.800.550.700.120.800 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4101 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjan5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362099006 TAO:0001074 Taste buds are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus and epiglottis that provide information about the taste of food being eaten. These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami (or savory). Via small openings in the tongue epithelium, called taste pores, parts of the food dissolved in saliva come into contact with the taste receptors. These are located on top of the taste receptor cells that constitute the taste buds. The taste receptor cells send information detected by clusters of various receptors and ion channels to the gustatory areas of the brain via the seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves. The human tongue has about 10,000 taste buds. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001727 UBERON:FMA_54825-MA_0001591-XAO_0000445-ZFA_0001074 VHOG:0000130 XAO:0000445 ZFA:0001074 caliculus gustatorius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gray1018.png/200px-Gray1018.png ncithesaurus:Taste_Bud taste buds taste-bud tastebud tastebuds uberon Wikipedia:Taste_bud taste buds Wikipedia:Taste_bud tastebud Wikipedia:Taste_bud tastebuds Wikipedia Taste buds are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus and epiglottis that provide information about the taste of food being eaten. These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami (or savory). Via small openings in the tongue epithelium, called taste pores, parts of the food dissolved in saliva come into contact with the taste receptors. These are located on top of the taste receptor cells that constitute the taste buds. The taste receptor cells send information detected by clusters of various receptors and ion channels to the gustatory areas of the brain via the seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves. The human tongue has about 10,000 taste buds. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Taste_bud http://dev.biologists.org/content/128/22/4573.full Wikipedia:Taste_bud taste-bud Wikipedia:Taste_bud caliculus gustatorius Wikipedia:Taste_bud caliculus gustatorius NIF ZFA nasopharynx BTO:0000662 EHDAA2:0001239 EHDAA:7086 EMAPA:17670 EMAPA:25092 EV:0100066 FMA:54878 GAID:339 MA:0000443 MAT:0000447 MESH:A.03.867.557 Nasenrachenraum OpenCyc:Mx4rwUPoDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181200003 UBERON:0001728 UBERON:FMA_54878-MA_0000443 VHOG:0000375 epipharynx http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg/200px-Illu_pharynx.jpg nasal part of pharynx ncithesaurus:Nasopharynx pars nasalis pharyngis rhinopharynx uberon uppermost part of the pharynx. It extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate; it differs from the oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx in that its cavity always remains patent (open)[WP]. In front it communicates through the choanae with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus tubarius or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane. BTO:0000662 Nasenrachenraum Wikipedia:Nasopharynx pars nasalis pharyngis Wikipedia:Nasopharynx uppermost part of the pharynx. It extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate; it differs from the oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx in that its cavity always remains patent (open)[WP]. In front it communicates through the choanae with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus tubarius or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane. Wikipedia:Pharynx epipharynx oropharynx EFO:0001976 EHDAA2:0004082 EMAPA:25094 EV:0100067 FMA:54879 GAID:340 MA:0000351 MAT:0000446 MESH:A.03.867.603 OpenCyc:Mx4rwACoxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:263376008 The Oropharynx (oral part of the pharynx) reaches from the Uvula to the level of the hyoid bone. It opens anteriorly, through the isthmus faucium, into the mouth, while in its lateral wall, between the two palatine arches, is the palatine tonsil. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001729 UBERON:FMA_54879-MA_0000351 VHOG:0000457 VSAO:0000034 XAO:0004048 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg/200px-Illu_pharynx.jpg mesopharynx ncithesaurus:Oropharynx oral part of pharynx pars oralis pharyngis uberon Wikipedia:Oropharynx pars oralis pharyngis ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 The Oropharynx (oral part of the pharynx) reaches from the Uvula to the level of the hyoid bone. It opens anteriorly, through the isthmus faucium, into the mouth, while in its lateral wall, between the two palatine arches, is the palatine tonsil. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Oropharynx Wikipedia:Pharynx mesopharynx extrinsic ligament of larynx FMA:54921 MA:0001756 SCTID:279550004 UBERON:0001730 UBERON:FMA_54921-MA_0001756 laryngeal extrinsic ligament uberon cavity of pharynx AAO:0010435 BTO:0002097 EMAPA:18381 EMAPA:18869 FMA:54935 SCTID:180543003 Taxon notes: See notes for pharynx - as a grouping class this is probably too bad. We exclude WBbt:0005790 (pharyngeal lumen) because of the developmental relationship. Development notes: TOODO check UBERON:0001731 UBERON:FMA_54935-XAO_0000105 XAO:0000105 cavitas pharyngis lumen of pharynx pharyngeal cavity uberon XAO XAO BTO:0002097 cavitas pharyngis pharyngeal tonsil Adenoids (or pharyngeal tonsils, or nasopharyngeal tonsils) are a mass of lymphoid tissue situated at the very back of the nose, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the mouth. Normally, in children, they make a soft mound in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx, just above and behind the uvula. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000777 EFO:0001401 EV:0100054 FMA:54970 GAID:1288 MA:0000774 MESH:A.15.382.520.604.084 Rachenmandel SCTID:181199001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001732 UBERON:FMA_54970-MA_0000774 adenoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray994-adenoid.png/200px-Gray994-adenoid.png nasopharyngeal tonsil ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Tonsil tonsil of luschka tonsilla pharyngea uberon BTO:0000777 Rachenmandel Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_tonsil tonsilla pharyngea Adenoids (or pharyngeal tonsils, or nasopharyngeal tonsils) are a mass of lymphoid tissue situated at the very back of the nose, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the mouth. Normally, in children, they make a soft mound in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx, just above and behind the uvula. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_tonsil soft palate EMAPA:18949 FMA:55021 GAID:1284 MA:0002412 MAT:0000039 MESH:A.14.549.617.780 MIAA:0000039 SCTID:245784004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001733 UBERON:FMA_55021-MA_0002412-MIAA_0000039 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg/200px-Tonsils_diagram.jpg muscular palate ncithesaurus:Soft_Palate palatum molle, velum palatinum soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone[WP]. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate[GO]. uberon velum FMA GO:0060023 Wikipedia:Soft_palate soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone[WP]. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate[GO]. Wikipedia:Soft_palate velum FMA MA Wikipedia:Soft_palate palatum molle, velum palatinum Wikipedia:Soft_palate muscular palate uvula Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers. The uvula, hanging from the end of the soft palate, is responsible for the sound of snoring. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people. EFO:0001386 FMA:55022 GAID:1285 MESH:A.14.549.617.780.729 SCTID:362082005 UBERON:0001734 UBERON:FMA_55022-MA_0001006 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg/200px-Tonsils_diagram.jpg ncithesaurus:Uvula palatine uvula uberon uvula of palate uvula palatina uvula palatina FMA:55022 FMA:TA uvula palatina Wikipedia:Palatine_uvula uvula palatina Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers. The uvula, hanging from the end of the soft palate, is responsible for the sound of snoring. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people. Wikipedia:Palatine_uvula tonsillar ring FMA:55070 MA:0000752 SCTID:56411004 UBERON:0001735 UBERON:FMA_55070-MA_0000752 Waldeyer's ring Waldeyer's tonsillar ring anulus lymphoideus pharyngis lymphoid tissue ring located in the pharynx and to the back of the oral cavity. The ring consists of (from superior to inferior): Pharyngeal tonsil (also known as 'adenoids' when infected) Tubal tonsil (where Eustachian tube opens in the nasopharynx) Palatine tonsils (commonly called 'the tonsils' in the vernacular, less commonly termed 'faucial tonsils') Lingual tonsils Some animals, but not humans, have one or two additional tonsils: Soft palate tonsil Paraepiglottic tonsil[WP]. ncithesaurus:Waldeyers_Tonsillar_Ring oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue pharyngeal lymphatic ring pharyngeal lymphoid ring see also FMA:79771 naso-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue uberon Wikipedia:Waldeyer's_ring lymphoid tissue ring located in the pharynx and to the back of the oral cavity. The ring consists of (from superior to inferior): Pharyngeal tonsil (also known as 'adenoids' when infected) Tubal tonsil (where Eustachian tube opens in the nasopharynx) Palatine tonsils (commonly called 'the tonsils' in the vernacular, less commonly termed 'faucial tonsils') Lingual tonsils Some animals, but not humans, have one or two additional tonsils: Soft palate tonsil Paraepiglottic tonsil[WP]. MA FMA:55070 FMA:TA anulus lymphoideus pharyngis submandibular gland BTO:0001316 EFO:0001387 EMAPA:18812 EV:0100061 FMA:55093 GAID:942 MA:0001589 MESH:A.10.336.779.812 SCTID:181235001 TODO check SSG vs SG The paired submandibular glands (submaxillary glands) are salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. In humans, they account for 70% of the salivary volume and weigh about 15 grams. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001736 UBERON:FMA_55093-MA_0001589 VHOG:0000364 glandula submandibularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Gland submandibular salivary gland submaxillary gland uberon The paired submandibular glands (submaxillary glands) are salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. In humans, they account for 70% of the salivary volume and weigh about 15 grams. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submandibular_gland Wikipedia:Submandibular_gland glandula submandibularis larynx AAO:0000268 BTO:0001208 EFO:0000838 EHDAA2:0004063 EMAPA:18333 EV:0100039 FMA:55097 GAID:108 Heterogeneous cluster that connects the pharynx to the tracheobronchial tree[FMA]. MA:0000414 MAT:0000187 MESH:A.04.329 MIAA:0000187 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181212004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001737 UBERON:FMA_55097-MA_0000414-MIAA_0000187-XAO_0003081 VHOG:0001279 XAO:0003081 galen:Larynx ncithesaurus:Larynx uberon FMA:55097 Heterogeneous cluster that connects the pharynx to the tracheobronchial tree[FMA]. Wikipedia:Larynx EHDAA2 thyroid cartilage BTO:0003655 EHDAA2:0002030 EHDAA:9395 EMAPA:18698 FMA:55099 GAID:112 MA:0001764 MESH:A.02.165.507.870 SCTID:263483000 The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx. It is composed of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the laryngeal prominence. This prominence is often referred to as the 'pomus Adamus' or 'Adam's apple'. The laryngeal prominence is more prominent in adult male than female because of the difference in the size of the angle: 90° in male and 120° in female. The lip of the thyroid cartilage just superior to the laryngeal prominence is called the superior thyroid notch, while the notch inferior to the thyroid angle is called the inferior thyroid notch. Its posterior border is elongated both inferiorly and superiorly to form the superior horn of thyroid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001738 UBERON:FMA_55099-MA_0001764 VHOG:0001365 cartilago thyroidea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Larynx_external_en.svg/200px-Larynx_external_en.svg.png laryngeal prominence ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Cartilage pomus pomus adamus uberon Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage cartilago thyroidea EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage cartilago thyroidea Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage pomus Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage laryngeal prominence The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx. It is composed of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the laryngeal prominence. This prominence is often referred to as the 'pomus Adamus' or 'Adam's apple'. The laryngeal prominence is more prominent in adult male than female because of the difference in the size of the angle: 90° in male and 120° in female. The lip of the thyroid cartilage just superior to the laryngeal prominence is called the superior thyroid notch, while the notch inferior to the thyroid angle is called the inferior thyroid notch. Its posterior border is elongated both inferiorly and superiorly to form the superior horn of thyroid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage pomus adamus EHDAA2 laryngeal cartilage BTO:0003660 EHDAA:8157 EMAPA:18697 FMA:55108 GAID:107 MA:0001758 MESH:A.02.165.507 SCTID:263482005 UBERON:0001739 UBERON:FMA_55108-MA_0001758 VHOG:0001550 cartilage of larynx cartilagines laryngeales larynx cartilage ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Cartilage the cartilaginous structures that support the larynx. uberon cartilagines laryngeales FMA VHOG:0001550 larynx cartilage MP:0002256 the cartilaginous structures that support the larynx. FMA:55108 cartilage of larynx arytenoid cartilage AAO:0000674 EMAPA:17977 EMAPA:18695 FMA:55109 GAID:109 MA:0001759 MESH:A.02.165.507.083 SCTID:264446005 The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are attached. Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001740 UBERON:FMA_55109-MA_0001759 arytenoid arytenoids cartilagines arytenoidea cartilago arytaenoidea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray950.png/200px-Gray950.png ncithesaurus:Arytenoid_Cartilage uberon cjm AAO:0000674 cartilago arytaenoidea Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage cartilagines arytenoidea Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage arytenoids EMAPA:18695 arytenoid The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are attached. Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage corniculate cartilage FMA:55110 MA:0001885 SCTID:278989005 Santorini's cartilage The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially. They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001741 UBERON:FMA_55110-MA_0001885 cartilage of Santorini cartilagines corniculata http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Gray952.png/200px-Gray952.png ncithesaurus:Corniculate_Cartilage uberon FMA MA Wikipedia:Corniculate_cartilage cartilagines corniculata The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially. They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Corniculate_cartilage epiglottic cartilage AO notes: laryngeal cartilage in MP FMA:55112 MA:0001763 SCTID:278990001 UBERON:0001742 UBERON:FMA_55112-MA_0001763 ncithesaurus:Epiglottic_Cartilage the most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing. uberon MP:0002259 the most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing. ligament of larynx A ligament that is part of a larynx [Obol]. FMA:55131 MA:0001755 SCTID:279508004 UBERON:0001743 UBERON:FMA_55131-MA_0001755 laryngeal ligament larynx ligament ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Ligament uberon A ligament that is part of a larynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA lymphoid tissue BTO:0000753 FMA:55220 GAID:342 MA:0002436 MESH:A.10.549 Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]. SCTID:181768009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001744 UBERON:FMA_55220-MA_0002436 galen:LymphoidTissue lymphatic tissue lymphocytic tissue ncithesaurus:Lymphoid_Tissue uberon Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymphoid_tissue secondary nodular lymphoid tissue A lymphoid follicle that contains a germinal center. FMA:55224 GAID:946 UBERON:0001745 UBERON:FMA_55224-MA_0000744 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Keimzentrum.jpg/200px-Keimzentrum.jpg peripheral lymphoid tissue secondary lymphoid nodule secondary lymphoid tissue uberon A lymphoid follicle that contains a germinal center. CL:tm fibrous capsule of thyroid gland FMA:55513 MA:0002675 SCTID:176859009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001746 UBERON:FMA_55513-MA_0002675 ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Capsule thyroid capsule thyroid gland capsule uberon parenchyma of thyroid gland A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Obol]. BTO:0004579 FMA:55515 MA:0000730 SCTID:371402001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001747 UBERON:FMA_55515-MA_0000730 parenchyma of thyroid parenchyma of thyroid follicle parenchyma of thyroid gland follicle thyroid follicle parenchyma thyroid gland follicle parenchyma thyroid gland parenchyma thyroid parenchyma uberon OBOL:automatic thyroid gland follicle parenchyma OBOL:automatic thyroid parenchyma OBOL:automatic parenchyma of thyroid OBOL:automatic parenchyma of thyroid gland follicle OBOL:automatic parenchyma of thyroid follicle OBOL:automatic thyroid follicle parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic capsule of parathyroid gland FMA:55566 MA:0002676 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001748 UBERON:FMA_55566-MA_0002676 ncithesaurus:Parathyroid_Gland_Capsule parathyroid gland capsule uberon parenchyma of parathyroid gland A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Obol]. FMA:55569 MA:0002677 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001749 UBERON:FMA_55569-MA_0002677 parathyroid gland parenchyma parathyroid parenchyma parenchyma of parathyroid uberon OBOL:automatic parathyroid parenchyma OBOL:automatic parenchyma of parathyroid A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lacrimal apparatus FMA:55605 GAID:901 MA:0000274 MESH:A.09.371.463 The lacrimal apparatus is the physiologic system containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage. It consists of: (a) the lacrimal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the eye; (b) the lacrimal canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct, by which the fluid is conveyed into the cavity of the nose. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001750 UBERON:FMA_55605-MA_0000274 apparatus lacrimalis nasolacrimal drainage system ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Apparatus todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal. AO notes: this is an eye appendage in ncit, along with eyelid and eyebrow. in MA, part of eye surface part_of eye uberon UBERON:cjm nasolacrimal drainage system Wikipedia:Lacrimal_apparatus apparatus lacrimalis The lacrimal apparatus is the physiologic system containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage. It consists of: (a) the lacrimal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the eye; (b) the lacrimal canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct, by which the fluid is conveyed into the cavity of the nose. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_apparatus MA FMA MA dentine BTO:0003453 Dentine is found in the fossil record as early as the late Cambrian, in fish, where it may have had a role in electrochemical sensing of the environment as well as assisting in defense[WP]. H&W describe a continuum atubular - meta/orthodentine - mesi/semidentine - cement and without cementoblasts. TODO - odontoid tissue. Editors note: note the asserted dual is_a parentage, as dentine is both skeletal tissue and a substance FMA:55628 GAID:1272 MA:0002542 MESH:A.14.254.900.280 SCTID:362112004 TAO:0005143 UBERON:0001751 UBERON:FMA_55628-MA_0002542-ZFA_0005143 VSAO:0000069 XAO:0004051 ZFA:0005143 a tubular mineralized tissue[H&W]. In mammals - substance of tooth produced by odontoblasts; surrounds the pulp of the tooth and is subjacent to enamel and cement[FMA]. Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure[ZFA]. a calcified tissue of the body, and along with enamel, cementum, and pulp is one of the four major components of teeth[WP]. dentin dentine of tooth ncithesaurus:Dentin predentin uberon UBERONREF:0000002 GO:0070468 predentin MA:0002542 dentin Wikipedia:Dentin ZFIN:curator a tubular mineralized tissue[H&W]. In mammals - substance of tooth produced by odontoblasts; surrounds the pulp of the tooth and is subjacent to enamel and cement[FMA]. Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure[ZFA]. a calcified tissue of the body, and along with enamel, cementum, and pulp is one of the four major components of teeth[WP]. enamel A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]. BTO:0001844 FMA:55629 MA:0002543 MESH:A.14.254.900.255 SCTID:362113009 TAO:0005142 Tooth enamel is also found in the dermal denticles of sharks UBERON:0000041. For the most part, research has shown that formation in animals is almost identical to formation in humans. The enamel organ, including the dental papilla, and ameloblasts function similarly.[53] The variations of enamel that are present are infrequent but sometimes important. Differences exist, certainly, in the morphology, number, and types of teeth among animals. H&W - highly mineralized, hard, prismatic, avascular outer layer of vertebrate teeth and some scales. Enamel is unique in being the only noncollagenous mineralized vertebrate skeletal tissue (Diekwisch, 2002). The enamel proteins amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, MMP-20, and EMSP-1 form a highly conserved family of matrix proteins (Satchell et al., 2002). Like dentine, enamel is both odontogenic and skeletogenic; enamel covers teeth and dermal skeletal tissues. Because of its very high mineral content, enamel is much more resistant to wear than dentine; some 96% of mammalian enamel is inorganic, and only 0.5% organic. // TODO - split enamel and enameloid UBERON:0001752 UBERON:FMA_55629-MA_0002543-ZFA_0005142 VSAO:0000065 XAO:0004198 ZFA:0005142 enamel of tooth enameloid ncithesaurus:Enamel tooth enamel uberon A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]. Wikipedia:Enamel_organ ZFIN:curator cementum A bone-like mineralized tissue secreted by cementoblasts on the surface of root dentine or, in some animals, crown enamel[Diekwisch 2001]. Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA]. a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex. Its coloration is yellowish and it is softer than enamel and dentin due to being less mineralized[WP]. BTO:0002525 Cementum, the supporting tissue that anchors mammalian and crocodylian teeth into their sockets, differs among species and can have features of dentine, of bone, and of calcified cartilage, as well as unique features. Cementum is deposited by cementoblasts onto existing dentine. As in bone and dentine, cementoblasts produce an organic matrix, the main constituent of which is collagen type I (Bosshardt, 2005), but cementum, dentine, and bone also share a number of important noncollagenous matrix components such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, a2-HS- glycoprotein, dentine matrix protein, dentine sialoprotein, and den- tine phosphoprotein (McKee et al., 1996; Bosshardt, 2005). it has been argued that in all rodents and ruminants, cementum is a form of calcified cartilage[H&W] FMA:55630 MA:0002541 MESH:A.14.254.646.267 SCTID:362114003 UBERON:0001753 UBERON:FMA_55630-MA_0002541 VSAO:0000062 XAO:0004196 cement cement of tooth cementum cementum of tooth ncithesaurus:Cementum uberon A bone-like mineralized tissue secreted by cementoblasts on the surface of root dentine or, in some animals, crown enamel[Diekwisch 2001]. Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA]. a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex. Its coloration is yellowish and it is softer than enamel and dentin due to being less mineralized[WP]. Wikipedia:Cementum dental pulp BTO:0000339 FMA:55631 GAID:1270 MA:0001599 MESH:A.14.254.900.260 SCTID:362110007 TAO:0005141 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001754 UBERON:FMA_55631-MA_0001599 VHOG:0001469 ZFA:0005141 dental pulp cell http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg/200px-Tooth_Section.svg.png ncithesaurus:Dental_Pulp pulp of tooth the part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. tooth pulp uberon Wikipedia:Dental_pulp the part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. UBERONREF:0000002 ZFA:0005141 tooth pulp BTO:0000339 dental pulp cell distal part of styloid process of temporal bone A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal[biology-online]. The interhyal is a small rod-like element that connects the ventral and dorsal parts of the hyoid arch. It articulates laterally with the posterior end of the epihyal and medially at the cartilaginous junction between the hyomandibula and the symplectic. It remains cartilaginous in adult zebrafish and other cypriniforms[ZFA]. FMA:56472 TODO - check UBERON:0001755 UBERON:FMA_56472-ZFA_0001511 distal part of styloid process stylohyal uberon A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal[biology-online]. The interhyal is a small rod-like element that connects the ventral and dorsal parts of the hyoid arch. It articulates laterally with the posterior end of the epihyal and medially at the cartilaginous junction between the hyomandibula and the symplectic. It remains cartilaginous in adult zebrafish and other cypriniforms[ZFA]. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Stylohyal FMA:56472 stylohyal FMA:56472 distal part of styloid process middle ear AAO:0011065 BTO:0002099 EHDAA2:0001181 EHDAA:5693 EMAPA:17000 EV:0100357 FMA:56513 GAID:165 MA:0000253 MAT:0000146 MESH:A.09.246.397 MIAA:0000146 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1695 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbw1j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181185000 The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO]. UBERON:0001756 UBERON:FMA_56513-MA_0000253-MIAA_0000146-XAO_0000191 VHOG:0000312 XAO:0000191 auris media ncithesaurus:Middle_Ear uberon Wikipedia:Middle_ear auris media GO:0042474 The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO]. Wikipedia:Middle_ear BTO:0002099 auris media pinna EHDAA2:0001467 EMAPA:17589 EV:0100355 FMA:56580 MA:0000259 OpenCyc:Mx4rvs_VC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:421159007 UBERON:0001757 UBERON:FMA_56580-MA_0000259 VHOG:0000460 Visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head. The purpose of the pinna is to collect sound. It does so by acting as a funnel, amplifying the sound and directing it to the ear canal. While reflecting from the pinna, sound also goes through a filtering process which adds directional information to the sound (see sound localization, head-related transfer function, pinna notch). The filtering effect of the human pinna preferentially selects sounds in the frequency range of human speech. In various species, the pinna can also signal mood and radiate heat. auricle auricle of ear auricle of external ear auricula auricula (auris externa) galen:Auricle ncithesaurus:Auricle pinna of ear pinnae uberon Visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head. The purpose of the pinna is to collect sound. It does so by acting as a funnel, amplifying the sound and directing it to the ear canal. While reflecting from the pinna, sound also goes through a filtering process which adds directional information to the sound (see sound localization, head-related transfer function, pinna notch). The filtering effect of the human pinna preferentially selects sounds in the frequency range of human speech. In various species, the pinna can also signal mood and radiate heat. Wikipedia:Pinna_(anatomy) pinnae Wikipedia:Auricula auricula periodontium BTO:0001021 FMA:56665 GAID:216 MESH:A.14.254.646 The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]. UBERON:0001758 UBERON:FMA_56665-MA_0002467 ncithesaurus:Periodontium note FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same paradentium periodontal ligament periodontal membrane tooth supporting structure uberon MESH:A.14.254.646 paradentium FMA:56665 periodontal ligament BTO:0001021 The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]. Wikipedia:Periodontium MA:0002467 periodontal membrane MESH:A.14.254.646 tooth supporting structure cjm cjm vagus nerve AAO:0010475 BTO:0003472 CN-X Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). EFO:0002549 FMA:5731 GAID:721 MA:0001106 MESH:A.08.800.050.050.925 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_801 OpenCyc:Mx4rviHk2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362466001 TAO:0000453 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001759 UBERON:FMA_5731-MA_0001106-XAO_0003097-ZFA_0000453 VHOG:0000737 Vagus nerve [X] XAO:0003097 ZFA:0000453 cranial nerve X galen:VagusNerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png ncithesaurus:Vagus_Nerve nervus vagus nervus vagus [x] pneuomgastric nerve tenth cranial nerve uberon vagal nerve vagus vagus X nerve vagus nerve tree Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve nervus vagus MA:0001106 vagus X nerve BTO:0003472 nervus vagus Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve Wikipedia sensory GO Wikipedia motor FMA:5731 FMA:TA nervus vagus [x] BTO:0003472 pneuomgastric nerve frontal sinus FMA:57417 GAID:357 MA:0001793 MESH:A.04.531.621.387 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqMUR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181205008 Sinuses are mucosa-lined airspaces within the bones of the face and skull. The frontal sinuses, situated behind the superciliary arches, are absent at birth, but are generally fairly well developed between the seventh and eighth years, only reaching their full size after puberty. The frontal bone is membranous at birth and there is rarely more than a recess until the bone tissue starts to ossify about age two. Consequently this structure does not show on radiographs before that time. Frontal sinuses are rarely symmetrical and the septum between them frequently deviates to one or other side of the middle line. Sinus development begins in the womb, but only the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are present at birth. Approximately 5% of people have absent frontal sinuses. Their average measurements are as follows: height 28 mm, breadth 24 mm, depth 20 mm, creating a space of 6-7 ml. Each opens into the anterior part of the corresponding middle meatus of the nose through the frontonasal duct which traverses the anterior part of the labyrinth of the ethmoid. These structures then open into the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus. The mucous membrane in this sinus is innervated by the supraorbital nerve, which carries the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers for mucous secretion from the facial nerve and supplied by the supraorbital artery and anterior ethmoidal artery. Through its copious mucus production, the sinus is an essential part of the immune defense/air filtration carried out by the nose. Nasal and sinal mucosae are ciliated and move mucus to the choanae and finally to the stomach. The thick upper layers of nasal mucus trap bacteria and small particles in tissue abundantly provided with immune cells, antibodies, and antibacterial proteins. The layers beneath are thinner and provide a substrate in which the cilia are able to beat and move the upper layer with its debris through the ostia toward the choanae. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001760 UBERON:FMA_57417-MA_0001793 cavity of frontal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg/200px-Nnh_front.svg.png ncithesaurus:Frontal_Sinus sinus frontales uberon FMA:57417 cavity of frontal bone MA Wikipedia:Frontal_sinus sinus frontales Sinuses are mucosa-lined airspaces within the bones of the face and skull. The frontal sinuses, situated behind the superciliary arches, are absent at birth, but are generally fairly well developed between the seventh and eighth years, only reaching their full size after puberty. The frontal bone is membranous at birth and there is rarely more than a recess until the bone tissue starts to ossify about age two. Consequently this structure does not show on radiographs before that time. Frontal sinuses are rarely symmetrical and the septum between them frequently deviates to one or other side of the middle line. Sinus development begins in the womb, but only the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are present at birth. Approximately 5% of people have absent frontal sinuses. Their average measurements are as follows: height 28 mm, breadth 24 mm, depth 20 mm, creating a space of 6-7 ml. Each opens into the anterior part of the corresponding middle meatus of the nose through the frontonasal duct which traverses the anterior part of the labyrinth of the ethmoid. These structures then open into the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus. The mucous membrane in this sinus is innervated by the supraorbital nerve, which carries the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers for mucous secretion from the facial nerve and supplied by the supraorbital artery and anterior ethmoidal artery. Through its copious mucus production, the sinus is an essential part of the immune defense/air filtration carried out by the nose. Nasal and sinal mucosae are ciliated and move mucus to the choanae and finally to the stomach. The thick upper layers of nasal mucus trap bacteria and small particles in tissue abundantly provided with immune cells, antibodies, and antibacterial proteins. The layers beneath are thinner and provide a substrate in which the cilia are able to beat and move the upper layer with its debris through the ostia toward the choanae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Frontal_sinus foramen caecum of thyroid EHDAA2:0000550 EHDAA:2150 EHDAA:2977 EMAPA:17069 EMAPA:18828 MA:0000725 UBERON:0001761 UBERON:FMA_57443-MA_0000725 VHOG:0000826 foramen caecum uberon MA:0000725 foramen caecum nasal concha EHDAA2:0004101 EMAPA:25093 GAID:224 In anatomy, a nasal concha (or turbinate) is a long, narrow and curled bone shelf (shaped like an elongated sea-shell) which protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose. Turbinate bone refers to any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in vertebrates. In humans, the turbinates divide the nasal airway into three groove-like air passages –and are responsible for forcing inhaled air to flow in a steady, regular pattern around the largest possible surface of cilia and climate controlling tissue. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000286 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.948 Note that FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here OpenCyc:Mx4rv07bVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361931007 UBERON:0001762 UBERON:FMA_57456-MA_0000286 concha conchae nasales http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray153.png/200px-Gray153.png nasal turbinate ncithesaurus:Nasal_Turbinate turbinate turbinate bone uberon EMAPA:25093 concha In anatomy, a nasal concha (or turbinate) is a long, narrow and curled bone shelf (shaped like an elongated sea-shell) which protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose. Turbinate bone refers to any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in vertebrates. In humans, the turbinates divide the nasal airway into three groove-like air passages –and are responsible for forcing inhaled air to flow in a steady, regular pattern around the largest possible surface of cilia and climate controlling tissue. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nasal_concha EMAPA:25093 turbinate bone Wikipedia:Nasal_concha conchae nasales dental papilla BTO:0001839 FMA:57662 GAID:1277 MA:0001598 MESH:A.14.254.900.720.250 TAO:0005140 Tissue of the developing tooth. It is composed of pre-odontoblast and undiffentiated mesnchyme cells and connects to the basal lamina[ZFA]. The dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. The dental papilla appears after 8-10 weeks intra uteral life. The dental papilla gives rise to the dentin and pulp of a tooth. The enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle together forms one unit, called the tooth germ. This is of importance because all the tissues of a tooth and its supporting structures form from these distinct cellular aggregations. UBERON:0001763 UBERON:FMA_57662-MA_0001598-ZFA_0005140 VHOG:0001465 VSAO:0000025 XAO:0004045 ZFA:0005140 dentinal papilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray1011.png/200px-Gray1011.png papilla dentis pharyngeal tooth mesenchyme todo - add child terms for EMAPA. todo - check if the FMA and MA structures refer to developed structures. todo - check part_of - should perhaps be adjacent_to? Check relationships across taxa. tooth mesenchyme uberon ZFA ZFA:0005140 tooth mesenchyme Tissue of the developing tooth. It is composed of pre-odontoblast and undiffentiated mesnchyme cells and connects to the basal lamina[ZFA]. The dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. The dental papilla appears after 8-10 weeks intra uteral life. The dental papilla gives rise to the dentin and pulp of a tooth. The enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle together forms one unit, called the tooth germ. This is of importance because all the tissues of a tooth and its supporting structures form from these distinct cellular aggregations. Wikipedia:Dental_papilla ZFA:0005140 Wikipedia:Dental_papilla papilla dentis MESH BTO FMA MA BTO:0001839 dentinal papilla BTO:0001839 papilla dentis ZFA:0005140 pharyngeal tooth mesenchyme maxillary sinus FMA:57715 GAID:358 MA:0001794 MESH:A.04.531.621.578 OpenCyc:Mx4rvp2ZWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181204007 The maxillary sinus (or Antrum of Highmore) is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, and is pyramidal in shape. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001764 UBERON:FMA_57715-MA_0001794 antrum of highmore http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray1199.png/200px-Gray1199.png ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Sinus sinus maxilliaris uberon The maxillary sinus (or Antrum of Highmore) is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, and is pyramidal in shape. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Maxillary_sinus Wikipedia:Maxillary_sinus sinus maxilliaris mammary duct BTO:0002845 Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO]. FMA:58006 MA:0000791 SCTID:361719004 This structure regresses in most males UBERON:0001765 UBERON:FMA_58006-MA_0000791 ductus lactiferi galactophorous tubule lactiferous duct lactiferous gland duct lactiferous tubule mammary gland duct ncithesaurus:Lactiferous_Duct uberon BTO:0002845 ductus lactiferi Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct ductus lactiferi BTO:0002845 lactiferous tubule Obol:automatic lactiferous gland duct FMA:58006 lactiferous duct BTO:0002845 galactophorous tubule Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO]. GO:0060603 Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct anterior chamber of eyeball BTO:0002084 EHDAA2:0000129 EHDAA:9033 EMAPA:18231 FMA:58078 GAID:889 MA:0000262 MESH:A.09.371.060.067 SCTID:181160009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001766 UBERON:FMA_58078-MA_0000262 VHOG:0001431 anterior chamber anterior chamber of eye camera anterior camera anterior bulbi oculi eye anterior chamber http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Chamber_of_the_Eye the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium.[1] Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber. Hyphema and glaucoma are two main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber. In glaucoma, blockage of the canal of Schlemm prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humor, resulting in accumulation of fluid, increased intraocular pressure, and eventually blindness. uberon HP:0000593 MP:0010709 anterior chamber Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium.[1] Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber. Hyphema and glaucoma are two main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber. In glaucoma, blockage of the canal of Schlemm prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humor, resulting in accumulation of fluid, increased intraocular pressure, and eventually blindness. Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball camera anterior bulbi oculi posterior chamber of eyeball BTO:0002086 FMA:58080 MA:0002460 OpenCyc:Mx4rvnYe8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362504004 The posterior chamber should not be confused with vitreous chamber. UBERON:0001767 UBERON:FMA_58080-MA_0002460 a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the lens, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the Iris but anterior to the lens. c. posterior bulbi camera posterior eye posterior chamber http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Chamber_of_the_Eye posterior chamber of eye uberon Wikipedia:Posterior_chamber_of_eyeball a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the lens, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the Iris but anterior to the lens. Wikipedia:Posterior_chamber_of_eyeball c. posterior bulbi vascular layer of eyeball FMA:58103 GAID:912 MA:0002480 MESH:A.09.371.894 SCTID:280648000 TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof UBERON:0001768 UBERON:FMA_58103-MA_0002480 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gray869.png/200px-Gray869.png ncithesaurus:Uvea pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye[WP]. The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the CHOROID; CILIARY BODY; and IRIS, which are continuous with each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)[GAID]. tunica vasculosa bulbi tunica vasculosa of eyeball uberon uvea uveal tract Wikipedia:Uvea tunica vasculosa bulbi Wikipedia:Uvea pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye[WP]. The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the CHOROID; CILIARY BODY; and IRIS, which are continuous with each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)[GAID]. iris AAO:0010347 AO notes: MA and FMA differ regarding isa vs partof to vascular layer. Taxon notes: The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development - dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019 BTO:0000653 EMAPA:19154 EV:0100345 FMA:58235 GAID:917 MA:0000273 MESH:A.09.371.894.513 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181164000 TAO:0001238 UBERON:0001769 UBERON:FMA_58235-MA_0000273-XAO_0000185-ZFA_0001238 VHOG:0000101 XAO:0000185 ZFA:0001238 a membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina. The iris consists of pigmented fibrovascular tissue known as a stroma. It is the most forward portion of the eye and the only one seen on superficial inspection. The stroma connects a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae) which open it. The back surface is covered by a heavily pigmented epithelial layer two cells thick (the iris pigment epithelium), but the front surface has no epithelium. The high pigment content blocks light from passing through the iris and restricts it to the pupil. The outer edge of the iris, known as the root, is attached to the sclera and the anterior ciliary body. The iris and ciliary body together are known as the anterior uvea. Just in front of the root of the iris is the region through which the aqueous humour constantly drains out of the eye, with the result that diseases of the iris often have important effects on intraocular pressure, and indirectly on vision. Depending on the amount of light, the iris makes the pupil larger or smaller. anterior uvea ncithesaurus:Iris uberon Wikipedia:Iris_(anatomy) a membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina. The iris consists of pigmented fibrovascular tissue known as a stroma. It is the most forward portion of the eye and the only one seen on superficial inspection. The stroma connects a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae) which open it. The back surface is covered by a heavily pigmented epithelial layer two cells thick (the iris pigment epithelium), but the front surface has no epithelium. The high pigment content blocks light from passing through the iris and restricts it to the pupil. The outer edge of the iris, known as the root, is attached to the sclera and the anterior ciliary body. The iris and ciliary body together are known as the anterior uvea. Just in front of the root of the iris is the region through which the aqueous humour constantly drains out of the eye, with the result that diseases of the iris often have important effects on intraocular pressure, and indirectly on vision. Depending on the amount of light, the iris makes the pupil larger or smaller. XAO FMA ZFA lacrimal canaliculus FMA:58245 MA:0001294 SCTID:263348000 The lacrimal canaliculi, also known as the lacrimal canals or lacrimal ducts, are the small channels in each eyelid that commence at minute orifices, termed puncta lacrimalia, on the summits of the papillae lacrimales, seen on the margins of the lids at the lateral extremity of the lacus lacrimalis. The superior duct, the smaller and shorter of the two, at first ascends, and then bends at an acute angle, and passes medialward and downward to the lacrimal sac. The inferior duct at first descends, and then runs almost horizontally to the lacrimal sac. At the angles they are dilated into ampullæ. Microscopically, they are lined by nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by fibrous tissue. Outside the latter is a layer of striped muscle, continuous with the lacrimal part of the Orbicularis oculi; at the base of each lacrimal papilla the muscular fibers are circularly arranged and form a kind of sphincter. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001770 UBERON:FMA_58245-MA_0001294 ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Canaliculus todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal uberon The lacrimal canaliculi, also known as the lacrimal canals or lacrimal ducts, are the small channels in each eyelid that commence at minute orifices, termed puncta lacrimalia, on the summits of the papillae lacrimales, seen on the margins of the lids at the lateral extremity of the lacus lacrimalis. The superior duct, the smaller and shorter of the two, at first ascends, and then bends at an acute angle, and passes medialward and downward to the lacrimal sac. The inferior duct at first descends, and then runs almost horizontally to the lacrimal sac. At the angles they are dilated into ampullæ. Microscopically, they are lined by nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by fibrous tissue. Outside the latter is a layer of striped muscle, continuous with the lacrimal part of the Orbicularis oculi; at the base of each lacrimal papilla the muscular fibers are circularly arranged and form a kind of sphincter. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_canaliculus pupil AAO:0010351 FMA:58252 GAID:918 MA:0001292 MESH:A.09.371.894.513.780 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:35146001 TAO:0001283 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001771 UBERON:FMA_58252-MA_0001292-XAO_0000283-ZFA_0001283 VHOG:0000116 XAO:0000283 ZFA:0001283 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eye_iris.jpg/200px-Eye_iris.jpg ncithesaurus:Pupil sphere that is located in the center of the iris of the eye and that controls the amount of light that enters the eye. uberon Wikipedia:Pupil sphere that is located in the center of the iris of the eye and that controls the amount of light that enters the eye. corneal epithelium BTO:0000287 EFO:0001917 EHDAA2:0000319 EMAPA:17162 FMA:58263 GAID:895 MA:0001243 MESH:A.09.371.060.217.325 SCTID:15775008 TAO:0002187 The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea. It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001772 UBERON:FMA_58263-MA_0001243 ZFA:0001683 anterior corneal epithelium anterior endothelium of cornea cornea epithelial tissue cornea epithelium e. anterius corneae endothelium anterius corneae endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi endothelium corneale epithelial tissue of cornea epithelium anterius (cornea) epithelium anterius corneae epithelium of cornea epithelium posterius corneae external epithelium of cornea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray871.png/200px-Gray871.png ncithesaurus:Corneal_Epithelium uberon BTO:0000287 endothelium corneale BTO:0000287 anterior endothelium of cornea Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium e. anterius corneae FMA:58263 FMA:TA epithelium anterius corneae OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cornea OBOL:automatic cornea epithelial tissue BTO:0000287 endothelium anterius corneae The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea. It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium BTO:0000287 epithelium posterius corneae OBOL:automatic cornea epithelium BTO:0000287 endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi sclera AAO:0010354 BTO:0001606 Development notes: Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson]. Taxon notes: Multi-tissue structure that composes the opaque fibrous outer layer of the eye[ZFA] Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709 and identify this as connective tissue. Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. Structure notes: continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. Taxon notes: in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal EMAPA:19027 EV:0100342 FMA:58269 GAID:911 MA:0000280 MESH:A.09.371.784 OpenCyc:Mx4rv7yR55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181163006 The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001773 UBERON:FMA_58269-MA_0000280-XAO_0000183 VHOG:0001274 XAO:0000183 ZFA:0005563 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Sclera sclera scleral capsule uberon The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sclera Wikipedia cjm muscle of trunk AAO:0000611 EFO:0003531 FMA:58274 MA:0000514 Muscle organ which is a part of the trunk. Examples: external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani. TAO:0000473 TODO - check muscle organ vs musculature UBERON:0001774 UBERON:FMA_58274-MA_0000514 XAO:0003230 ZFA:0000473 body musculature muscle organ of torso muscle organ of trunk torso muscle organ trunk muscle trunk muscle organ trunk musculature uberon OBOL:automatic torso muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of torso ZFA:0000473 body musculature OBOL:automatic trunk muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of trunk ciliary body AAO:0010341 BTO:0000260 EMAPA:19065 EV:0100346 FMA:58295 GAID:916 MA:0000264 MESH:A.09.371.894.280 SCTID:263340007 TAO:0001203 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001775 UBERON:FMA_58295-MA_0000264-XAO_0000186-ZFA_0001203 VHOG:0000102 XAO:0000186 ZFA:0001203 anterior uvea circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. corpus ciliare http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Body uberon Wikipedia:Ciliary_body circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. Wikipedia:Ciliary_body corpus ciliare Wikipedia:Ciliary_body corpus ciliare choroid BTO:0001829 EMAPA:19077 EMAPA:25087 EV:0100347 FMA:58298 GAID:913 MA:0000263 MESH:A.09.371.894.223 SCTID:181172003 TAO:0005229 UBERON:0001776 UBERON:FMA_58298-MA_0000263 ZFA:0005229 check choroid vs choroid layer chorioid choroid coat choroidea choroidea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Choroid optic choroid posterior uvea uberon vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. In humans its thickness is about 0.5 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina [1]. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. Wikipedia:Uvea#Regions posterior uvea ZFA:0005229 optic choroid Wikipedia:Choroid vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. In humans its thickness is about 0.5 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina [1]. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. BTO:0001829 chorioid Wikipedia:Choroid choroidea Wikipedia:Choroid choroidea Wikipedia:Choroid choroid coat substantia propria of cornea EFO:0002514 EMAPA:17602 FMA:58306 GAID:893 MA:0001245 MESH:A.09.371.060.217.228 SCTID:362511000 TAO:0002189 The substantia propria (or stroma of cornea) is fibrous, tough, unyielding, and perfectly transparent. It is composed of about 200 flattened lamellæ (plates of collagen fibrils), superimposed one on another. They are each about 1.5-2.5 micrometres in thickness. These fibrils run at different angles between the limbi. Fibres of the layers frequently interweave, the anterior lamellæ interweaving more than posterior lamellæ. The fibres of each lamella are parallel with one another, but at right angles to those of adjacent lamellæ. The lamellæ are produced by keratocytes (corneal corpuscles), which occupy about 10% of the substantia propria. These lamellæ are made up of bundles of modified connective tissue, the fibres of which are directly continuous with those of the sclera. More collagen fibres run in a temporal-nasal direction than run in the superior-inferior direction. This is often ignored by corneal transplant surgeons, leading to poor corneal mechanical strength in corneal transplant patients. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001777 UBERON:FMA_58306-MA_0001245 ZFA:0001685 cornea stroma corneal stroma http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray871.png/200px-Gray871.png ncithesaurus:Corneal_Stroma stroma of cornea substantia propria uberon The substantia propria (or stroma of cornea) is fibrous, tough, unyielding, and perfectly transparent. It is composed of about 200 flattened lamellæ (plates of collagen fibrils), superimposed one on another. They are each about 1.5-2.5 micrometres in thickness. These fibrils run at different angles between the limbi. Fibres of the layers frequently interweave, the anterior lamellæ interweaving more than posterior lamellæ. The fibres of each lamella are parallel with one another, but at right angles to those of adjacent lamellæ. The lamellæ are produced by keratocytes (corneal corpuscles), which occupy about 10% of the substantia propria. These lamellæ are made up of bundles of modified connective tissue, the fibres of which are directly continuous with those of the sclera. More collagen fibres run in a temporal-nasal direction than run in the superior-inferior direction. This is often ignored by corneal transplant surgeons, leading to poor corneal mechanical strength in corneal transplant patients. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Corneal_stroma UBERONREF:0000002 ciliary epithelium An epithelium that is part of a ciliary body [Obol]. BTO:0001770 FMA:58464 MA:0001238 SCTID:280870004 UBERON:0001778 UBERON:FMA_58464-MA_0001238 ciliary body epithelium epithelium of ciliary body ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Epithelium uberon FMA:58464 epithelium of ciliary body FMA:58464 ciliary body epithelium FMA MA An epithelium that is part of a ciliary body [Obol]. OBOL:automatic iris stroma FMA:58526 MA:0002777 SCTID:280882008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001779 UBERON:FMA_58526-MA_0002777 ZFA:0005569 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png iridial stroma stroma of iris the delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. uberon Wikipedia:Iris_stroma http://www.drugs.com/dict/stroma-of-iris.html the delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. spinal nerve AAO:0011101 BTO:0000870 EHDAA2:0001898 EMAPA:16989 FMA:5858 GAID:841 MA:0000233 MESH:A.08.800.800.720 Neural tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the spinal cord. Examples: Fifth cervical spinal nerve, third lumbar spinal nerve. OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361099009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001780 UBERON:FMA_5858-MA_0000233-XAO_0003101 VHOG:0000824 XAO:0003101 backbone nerve ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve nerve of backbone nerve of spinal column nerve of spine nerve of vertebral column nervi spinales spinal column nerve spinal nerve tree spine nerve uberon vertebral column nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of spine Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve nervi spinales OBOL:automatic nerve of backbone OBOL:automatic vertebral column nerve Neural tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the spinal cord. Examples: Fifth cervical spinal nerve, third lumbar spinal nerve. Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of spinal column OBOL:automatic spinal column nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of vertebral column OBOL:automatic backbone nerve OBOL:automatic spine nerve layer of retina AAO:0010353 FMA:58617 MA:0001318 MA:0001319 Note that MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers SCTID:280657006 UBERON:0001781 UBERON:FMA_58617-MA_0001319-XAO_0000266 XAO:0000266 any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. ncithesaurus:Retina_Layer retina layer retina neuronal layer retinal layer retinal neuronal layer uberon MP:0006069 retina neuronal layer MP:0006069 retinal neuronal layer MP:0003727 any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. pigmented layer of retina A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP]. AAO:0011096 BTO:0001177 EHDAA2:0001465 EHDAA:4765 EMAPA:17172 FMA:58627 MA:0000279 PRE RPE SCTID:280662007 TAO:0000144 UBERON:0001782 UBERON:FMA_58627-MA_0000279-ZFA_0000144 VHOG:0000536 XAO:0003217 ZFA:0000144 editor note - we follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers epithelium, retinal pigment http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png ncithesaurus:Retinal_Pigment_Epithelium outer pigmented layer of retina pigment epithelium of retina pigmented epithelium pigmented retina pigmented retinal epithelium retinal pigment epithelium retinal pigmented epithelium stratum pigmentosa retinae, p. pigmentosa retinae stratum pigmentosum (retina) uberon MP:0005201 Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium retinal pigment epithelium Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium stratum pigmentosa retinae, p. pigmentosa retinae A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP]. Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium ZFIN:curator ZFA:0000144 retinal pigmented epithelium BTO:0001177 epithelium, retinal pigment Wikipedia optic disc EFO:0001974 EHDAA2:0001307 EHDAA:9077 EMAPA:18238 EMAPA:25088 FMA:58634 MA:0000278 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.680.660 SCTID:362518006 The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001783 UBERON:FMA_58634-MA_0000278 VHOG:0000551 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gray879.png/200px-Gray879.png ncithesaurus:Optic_Disc optic disk optic disk optic nerve disc optic nerve head optic papilla physiologic blind spot physiologic blind spot of mariotte uberon Wikipedia:Optic_disc optic nerve disc The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Optic_disc Wikipedia:Optic_disc optic disk Wikipedia:Optic_disc optic papilla Wikipedia:Optic_disc physiologic blind spot of mariotte Wikipedia:Optic_disc physiologic blind spot MESH:A.08.800.800.120.680.660 optic disk Wikipedia:Optic_disc optic nerve head macula lutea Obsoleted as it accidentally grouped macula and macula lutea UBERON:0000053 UBERON:0000054 UBERON:0001784 UBERON:FMA_58637-MA_0001306-ZFA_0000386 true uberon cranial nerve AAO:0000108 BTO:0001104 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. In humans, there are traditionally twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Only the first and the second pair emerge from the cerebrum; the remaining ten pairs emerge from the brainstem[WP]. EHDAA2:0000323 EMAPA:17263 EMAPA:17264 Editors note: not classified as a nerve in FMA. Note the structure of EMAPA is rather odd here - EMAPA:17264 (nerve of CNS) has a single child, cranial. We make EMAPA:17264 a subclass of this structure, as this appears to be the intent FMA:5865 GAID:802 MA:0000215 MESH:A.08.800.800.120 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1623 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244447006 TAO:0000641 UBERON:0001785 UBERON:FMA_5865-MA_0000215-XAO_0003089-ZFA_0000641 VHOG:0000279 XAO:0003089 ZFA:0000641 cranial nerves cranial neural tree organ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/200px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Cranial_Nerve nervus cranialis uberon Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. In humans, there are traditionally twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Only the first and the second pair emerge from the cerebrum; the remaining ten pairs emerge from the brainstem[WP]. Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve UBERONREF:0000002 Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve nervus cranialis fovea centralis As an anatomical term, there are several foveae around the body, including in the head of the femur.(WP) EV:0100350 FMA:58658 GAID:910 MA:0001307 MESH:A.09.371.729.522.436 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2543 SCTID:264479005 UBERON:0001786 UBERON:FMA_58658-MA_0001307 a part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina. [1] [2] The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision). The fovea is surrounded by the parafovea belt, and the perifovea outer region:[2] the parafovea is the intermediate belt where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells; as well as the highest density of cones; the perifovea is the outermost region where the ganglion cell layer contains two to four rows of cells, and is where visual acuity is below the optimum. The perifovea contains an even more diminished density of cones, having 12 per 100 micrometres versus 50 per 100 micrometres in the most central fovea. This, in turn, is surrounded by a larger peripheral area that delivers highly compressed information of low resolution. Approximately 50% of the nerve fibers in the optic nerve carry information from the fovea, while the other 50% carry information from the rest of the retina. The parafovea extends to a distance of 1¼ mm from the central fovea, and the perifovea is found 2¾ mm away from the fovea centralis[WP]. centre of macula fovea fovea centralis in macula http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Fovea_Centralis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2543 centre of macula Wikipedia:Fovea_centralis_in_macula a part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina. [1] [2] The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision). The fovea is surrounded by the parafovea belt, and the perifovea outer region:[2] the parafovea is the intermediate belt where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells; as well as the highest density of cones; the perifovea is the outermost region where the ganglion cell layer contains two to four rows of cells, and is where visual acuity is below the optimum. The perifovea contains an even more diminished density of cones, having 12 per 100 micrometres versus 50 per 100 micrometres in the most central fovea. This, in turn, is surrounded by a larger peripheral area that delivers highly compressed information of low resolution. Approximately 50% of the nerve fibers in the optic nerve carry information from the fovea, while the other 50% carry information from the rest of the retina. The parafovea extends to a distance of 1¼ mm from the central fovea, and the perifovea is found 2¾ mm away from the fovea centralis[WP]. Wikipedia:Fovea_centralis_in_macula fovea centralis in macula photoreceptor layer of retina FMA:58680 MA:0001308 TAO:0000143 The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside. UBERON:0001787 UBERON:FMA_58680-MA_0001308 VHOG:0001165 XAO:0003215 ZFA:0000143 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png layer of rods and cones ncithesaurus:Layer_of_the_Rods_and_Cones retina photoreceptor layer retinal photoreceptor layer stratum segmentorum externorum et internorum (retina) uberon we follow MA and ZFA in subdividing this into inner and outer segments ZFA:0000143 retinal photoreceptor layer The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside. Wikipedia:Layer_of_rods_and_cones ZFA:0000143 outer limiting layer of retina FMA:58683 MA:0001309 SCTID:280676008 TAO:0001331 UBERON:0001788 UBERON:FMA_58683-MA_0001309 XAO:0003224 ZFA:0001331 external limiting lamina of retina external limiting membrane external limiting membrane of retina ncithesaurus:Outer_Limiting_Membrane outer limiting membrane outer limiting membrane of retina retina external limiting lamina retina outer limiting membrane stratum limitans externum (retina) the row of jucntional complexes between the plasma membranes of rod segments and the Muller glia cells; this barrier separates the layer of inner and outer segments of the rods and cones from the outer nuclear layer and forms a blood-retina barrier[MP]. uberon ZFA:0001331 external limiting membrane XAO:0003224 outer limiting membrane MP:0010236 retina outer limiting membrane MP:0010236 the row of jucntional complexes between the plasma membranes of rod segments and the Muller glia cells; this barrier separates the layer of inner and outer segments of the rods and cones from the outer nuclear layer and forms a blood-retina barrier[MP]. outer nuclear layer of retina EMAPA:19157 FMA:58684 MA:0001315 ONL SCTID:280678009 TAO:0001464 The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001789 UBERON:FMA_58684-MA_0001315 VHOG:0001170 XAO:0003219 ZFA:0001464 ncithesaurus:Outer_Nuclear_Layer_of_Retina outer nuclear layer retina outer nuclear layer retinal outer nuclear layer stratum nucleare externum (retina) uberon The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside. ZFA:0001464 outer plexiform layer of retina BTO:0003174 FMA:58685 MA:0001316 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090403 OPL SCTID:280684007 TAO:0001330 The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells[ZFA]. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells[GO]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001790 UBERON:FMA_58685-MA_0001316 VHOG:0001171 XAO:0003218 ZFA:0001330 external plexiform layer ncithesaurus:Outer_Plexiform_Layer outer plexiform layer retina outer plexiform layer retinal outer plexiform layer stratum plexiforme externum uberon BTO:0003174 external plexiform layer The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells[ZFA]. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells[GO]. ZFA:0001330 BTO:0003174 outer plexiform layer inner nuclear layer of retina BTO:0003176 EMAPA:19155 FMA:58686 INL MA:0001311 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005031 SCTID:362520009 TAO:0000119 The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001791 UBERON:FMA_58686-MA_0001311 VHOG:0001167 XAO:0003221 ZFA:0000119 inner nuclear layer intermediate cell layer ncithesaurus:Inner_Nuclear_Layer retina inner nuclear layer retinal inner nuclear layer stratum nucleare internum uberon BTO:0003176 The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells. ZFA:0000119 intermediate cell layer ganglionic layer of retina BTO:0003398 Check exact synonyms in ZFA / XAO FMA:58687 GCL layer MA:0001310 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005030 RGC layer SCTID:280670002 TAO:0000024 UBERON:0001792 UBERON:FMA_58687-MA_0001310 VHOG:0001166 XAO:0003223 ZFA:0000024 a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells[WP]. innermost nuclear layer of the retina, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain. ganglion cell layer ganglionic cell layer of retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png ncithesaurus:Ganglion_Cell_Layer retina ganglion cell layer retina ganglion layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal ganglion layer stratum ganglionicum (retina) stratum ganglionicum retinae uberon Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer stratum ganglionicum retinae MP:0008510 retinal ganglion layer Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells[WP]. innermost nuclear layer of the retina, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain. FMA FMA:58687 ZFA:0000024 ganglion cell layer FMA:58687 ganglionic cell layer of retina FMA:58687 stratum ganglionicum (retina) nerve fiber layer of retina EMAPA:18591 FMA:58688 Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer which is comprised of their axons as they traverse to the optic nerve[ZFA]. The retinal nerve fiber layer (nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, RNFL) is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the porus opticus, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles, and in many places arranged in plexuses. Most of the fibers are centripetal, and are the direct continuations of the axis-cylinder processes of the cells of the ganglionic layer, but a few of them are centrifugal and ramify in the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers, where they end in enlarged extremities. MA:0001314 SCTID:280671003 TAO:0002212 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001793 UBERON:0005888 UBERON:FMA_58688-MA_0001314 VHOG:0001169 XAO:0003220 ZFA:0001619 layer of nerve fibers of retina layer of nerve fibres of retina retina nerve fiber layer stratum neurofibrarum (retina) stratum neurofibrarum retinae stratum neurofibrum retinae stratum opticum of retina uberon Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer which is comprised of their axons as they traverse to the optic nerve[ZFA]. The retinal nerve fiber layer (nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, RNFL) is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the porus opticus, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles, and in many places arranged in plexuses. Most of the fibers are centripetal, and are the direct continuations of the axis-cylinder processes of the cells of the ganglionic layer, but a few of them are centrifugal and ramify in the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers, where they end in enlarged extremities. Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fiber_layer ZFA:0001619 FMA:58688 FMA:TA stratum neurofibrarum retinae Wikipedia:Nerve_fiber_layer stratum neurofibrum retinae inner limiting layer of retina FMA:58689 MA:0001313 SCTID:280677004 TAO:0001029 TODO - check frog/fish UBERON:0001794 UBERON:FMA_58689-MA_0001313 XAO:0003222 ZFA:0001029 inner limiting membrane inner limiting membrane of retina internal limiting lamina of retina internal limiting membrane of retina ncithesaurus:Inner_Limiting_Membrane retina inner limiting membrane retina internal limiting lamina the row of fused Muller cell processes and astrocytes that separates the retinal nerve fiber layer from the vitreous[MP]. uberon MP:0010235 the row of fused Muller cell processes and astrocytes that separates the retinal nerve fiber layer from the vitreous[MP]. MP:0010235 retina inner limiting membrane XAO:0003222 inner limiting membrane inner plexiform layer of retina BTO misspelling? BTO:0003175 FMA:58704 IPL MA:0001312 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005032 SCTID:280682006 TAO:0001329 The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells[GO]. UBERON:0001795 UBERON:FMA_58704-MA_0001312 VHOG:0001168 XAO:0003225 ZFA:0001329 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png inner plexiform layer ncithesaurus:Inner_Plexiform_Layer retina inner plexiform layer retinal inner plexiform layer stratum plexifome internum stratum plexiforme internum stratum plexiforme internum retinae uberon BTO:0003175 inner plexiform layer BTO:0003175 stratum plexifome internum The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells[GO]. Wikipedia:Inner_plexiform_layer FMA:58704 stratum plexiforme internum Wikipedia:Inner_plexiform_layer stratum plexiforme internum retinae aqueous humor of eyeball Body substance in liquid state contained in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball[FMA]. The aqueous humour is a thick watery substance filling the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. EHDAA2:0000139 EHDAA:10196 EMAPA:18232 ENVO:02000024 FMA:58819 GAID:890 MA:0001236 MESH:A.09.371.060.067.070 Note that FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber OpenCyc:Mx4rvdGd-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280587006 UBERON:0001796 UBERON:FMA_58819-MA_0001236 VHOG:0000548 ZFA:0005564 aqueous humor aqueous humour http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png humor aquosus ncithesaurus:Aqueous_Humor uberon Body substance in liquid state contained in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball[FMA]. The aqueous humour is a thick watery substance filling the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. FMA:58819 Wikipedia:Aqueous_humor FMA:58819 FMA:TA humor aquosus vitreous humor BTO:0001451 Body substance of semisolid state which constitutes the vitreous body of the eye.[FMA] EMAPA:17837 ENVO:02000032 EV:0100344 FMA:58822 MA:0001286 Note that FMA distinguishes between a portion and the whole portion. We equate with whole portion here, but this is arbitrary OpenCyc:Mx4rv7ZIfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001797 UBERON:FMA_58822-MA_0001286 VHOG:0000795 ZFA:0005561 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png humor vitreous humor vitreus humoral fluid ncithesaurus:Vitreous_Humor ocular fluid portion of vitreous humor uberon vitreous vitreous fluid vitreous humour whole portion of vitreous humor BTO:0001451 ocular fluid BTO:0001451 vitreous fluid FMA:67388 portion of vitreous humor FMA:58822 FMA:TA humor vitreus ZFA:0005561 vitreous BTO:0001451 humoral fluid FMA:58822 whole portion of vitreous humor Body substance of semisolid state which constitutes the vitreous body of the eye.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Vitreous_humour vitreous body ENVO:02000032 FMA:58827 GAID:919 MA:0002462 MESH:A.09.371.943 Mucoid tissue in the vitreous chamber of the eyeball. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left vitreous bodies.[FMA] Note - in many AOs these are exact synonyms, but FMA has a part of link between portion of vitreous humor and this SCTID:181170006 UBERON:0001798 UBERON:FMA_58827-MA_0002462 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Vitreous_Body uberon FMA:58827 FMA:FMA Mucoid tissue in the vitreous chamber of the eyeball. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left vitreous bodies.[FMA] vitreous chamber of eyeball BTO:0002087 FMA:58848 MA:0002461 The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the human eye, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the Iris but anterior to the lens. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001799 UBERON:FMA_58848-MA_0002461 camera postrema camera postrema bulbi oculi camera vitrea camera vitrea bulbi ncithesaurus:Vitreous_Chamber postremal chamber postremal chamber of eyeball uberon vitreous chamber FMA:58848 FMA:TA camera postrema bulbi oculi The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the human eye, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the Iris but anterior to the lens. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vitreous_chamber sensory ganglion FMA:5885 MA:0002566 MESH:A.08.340.390 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001800 UBERON:FMA_5885-MA_0002566 ganglion sensorium ncithesaurus:Sensory_Ganglion the clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. uberon MP:0000960 the clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. anterior segment of eyeball FMA:58865 MA:0002484 MESH:A.09.371.060 SCTID:280658001 The anterior segment is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous humour: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens. Within the anterior segment are two fluid-filled spaces: the anterior chamber between the posterior surface of the cornea (i.e. the corneal endothelium) and the iris; the posterior chamber between the iris and the front face of the vitreous. Aqueous humor fills these spaces within the anterior segment and provides nutrients to the surrounding structures. UBERON:0001801 UBERON:FMA_58865-MA_0002484 ZFA:0005566 anterior segment of eye anterior segment of the eye eye anterior segment ncithesaurus:Anterior_Eye_Segment segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum anterius bulbi oculi uberon FMA Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball segmentum anterius bulbi oculi The anterior segment is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous humour: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens. Within the anterior segment are two fluid-filled spaces: the anterior chamber between the posterior surface of the cornea (i.e. the corneal endothelium) and the iris; the posterior chamber between the iris and the front face of the vitreous. Aqueous humor fills these spaces within the anterior segment and provides nutrients to the surrounding structures. Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball posterior segment of eyeball FMA:58868 MA:0002485 SCTID:280659009 The posterior segment is the back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. On the anterior side of the lens is the aqueous humour which is bounded on all sides by the lens, ciliary body, suspensory ligaments, and by the cornea. It lets light through without refraction, helps maintain the shape of the eye and suspends the delicate lens. In some animals, the retina contains a reflective layer (the tapetum lucidum) which increases the amount of light each photosensitive cell perceives, allowing the animal to see better under low light conditions. UBERON:0001802 UBERON:FMA_58868-MA_0002485 ZFA:0005567 eye posterior segment http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Eye_Segment posterior segment of eye posterior segment of the eye segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum posterius bulbi oculi uberon Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball segmentum posterius bulbi oculi The posterior segment is the back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. On the anterior side of the lens is the aqueous humour which is bounded on all sides by the lens, ciliary body, suspensory ligaments, and by the cornea. It lets light through without refraction, helps maintain the shape of the eye and suspends the delicate lens. In some animals, the retina contains a reflective layer (the tapetum lucidum) which increases the amount of light each photosensitive cell perceives, allowing the animal to see better under low light conditions. Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball FMA epithelium of lens BTO:0001873 FMA:58871 MA:0001301 SCTID:362523006 TAO:0001326 The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens.[6] As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. UBERON:0001803 UBERON:FMA_58871-MA_0001301-ZFA_0001326 Usage notes: this class is the superclass of the anterior epithelium and equatorial epithlium, although the term 'lens epithelium' may refer specifically to the former XAO:0004094 ZFA:0001326 epithelial tissue of eye lens epithelial tissue of lens epithelium lentis epithelium of eye lens eye lens epithelial tissue eye lens epithelium lens epithelial tissue lens epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelium of eye lens The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens.[6] As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_Epithelium OBOL:automatic eye lens epithelium OBOL:automatic eye lens epithelial tissue FMA:58871 FMA:TA epithelium lentis OBOL:automatic lens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lens OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of eye lens capsule of lens EHDAA2:0000977 EMAPA:18237 FMA:58881 MA:0001300 SCTID:244500004 UBERON:0001804 UBERON:FMA_58881-MA_0001300 VHOG:0000550 ZFA:0005574 a smooth, transparent basement membrane that completely surrounds the lens. It is synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png lens capsule ncithesaurus:Lens_Capsule uberon Wikipedia Wikipedia:Capsule_of_lens Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_capsule a smooth, transparent basement membrane that completely surrounds the lens. It is synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Wikipedia EHDAA2 autonomic ganglion EMAPA:17157 EMAPA:18221 FMA:5889 MA:0000220 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001805 UBERON:FMA_5889-MA_0000220 autonomic nervous system ganglion ganglion autonomicum ganglion of autonomic nervous system ganglion of visceral nervous system ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Ganglion uberon visceral nervous system ganglion Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion ganglion autonomicum Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. OBOL:automatic visceral nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion of autonomic nervous system OBOL:automatic autonomic nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion of visceral nervous system sympathetic ganglion AAO:0010773 BTO:0001333 EHDAA2:0001969 EMAPA:17157 FMA:5890 MA:0000226 SCTID:362485003 Sympathetic ganglia are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger, and are responsible for the familiar fight-or-flight response. They contain approximately 20000&ndash;30000 nerve cell bodies and are located close to and on either side of the spinal cord in long chains. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001806 UBERON:FMA_5890-MA_0000226 ganglion of sympathetic nervous system ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion sympatheticum ganglion sympathicum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Ganglion sympathetic nervous system ganglion sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion uberon OBOL:automatic sympathetic nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion ganglion sympathicum BTO:0001333 ganglion sympathicum OBOL:automatic ganglion of sympathetic nervous system Sympathetic ganglia are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger, and are responsible for the familiar fight-or-flight response. They contain approximately 20000&ndash;30000 nerve cell bodies and are located close to and on either side of the spinal cord in long chains. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion ISBN10:0073040584 paravertebral ganglion FMA:5891 TAO:0001556 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Trunk ganglion which is part of a bilaterally paired set of sympathetic ganglia located anterior and lateral to the spinal cord. UBERON:0001807 UBERON:FMA_5891-ZFA_0001556 ZFA:0001556 ganglion of sympathetic trunk ganglion trunci sympathetici ganglion trunci sympathici http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray847.png/200px-Gray847.png sympathetic chain ganglion uberon Trunk ganglion which is part of a bilaterally paired set of sympathetic ganglia located anterior and lateral to the spinal cord. Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglion ZFIN:curator FMA:5891 FMA:TA ganglion trunci sympathici ZFA ZFA parasympathetic ganglion BTO:0001256 EHDAA2:0001400 FMA:5894 MA:0002469 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100303 Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. The exceptions are the four paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:279284004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001808 UBERON:FMA_5894-MA_0002469 ganglion parasympathicum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png ncithesaurus:Parasympathetic_Ganglion uberon Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_ganglion ganglion parasympathicum Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. The exceptions are the four paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_ganglion BTO:0001256 ganglion parasympathicum ISBN10:0073040584 enteric ganglion FMA:5896 MA:0001144 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001809 UBERON:FMA_5896-MA_0001144 intramural ganglion ncithesaurus:Enteric_Ganglion uberon nerve plexus AEO:0000138 Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. BTO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003138 EHDAA:3780 EMAPA:16987 EMAPA:18224 FMA:5901 MA:0002407 SCTID:122455009 UBERON:0001810 UBERON:FMA_5901-MA_0002407 in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue ncithesaurus:Nerve_Plexus uberon Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. FMA:5901 Wikipedia:Nervous_system_plexus conjunctiva AAO:0010343 BTO:0003415 EFO:0000374 EV:0100340 FMA:59011 GAID:898 MA:0000265 MESH:A.09.371.192 SCTID:181161008 The conjunctiva is a clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera (white part of the eye) and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001811 UBERON:FMA_59011-XAO_0000182 XAO:0000182 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png ncithesaurus:Conjunctiva uberon wall of conjunctival sac The conjunctiva is a clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera (white part of the eye) and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Conjunctiva MA FMA cjm palpebral conjunctiva FMA:59025 MA:0001265 SCTID:280666005 UBERON:0001812 UBERON:FMA_59025-MA_0001265 lines the eyeballs ncithesaurus:Palpebral_Conjunctiva tarsal conjunctiva tunica conjunctiva palpebrum uberon FMA Wikipedia:Conjunctiva tarsal conjunctiva somatic nerve plexus A nerve plexus that is part of a somatic nervous system [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001899 EMAPA:16987 FMA:5903 MA:0000235 SCTID:42280003 TODO - check UBERON:0001813 UBERON:FMA_5903-MA_0000235 VHOG:0000925 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve_Plexus plexus nervorum spinalium plexus of spinal nerves spinal nerve plexus uberon FMA:5903 plexus of spinal nerves FMA:5903 FMA:TA plexus nervorum spinalium A nerve plexus that is part of a somatic nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:5903 spinal nerve plexus brachial nerve plexus EHDAA2:0000180 EHDAA:3782 EMAPA:16988 FMA:5906 GAID:842 MA:0001180 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.050 OpenCyc:Mx4rwNWmO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181002002 The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine, formed by the ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper thoracic nerve root, specifically from below the fifth cervical vertebra to above the first thoracic vertebra. It proceeds through the neck, the axilla (armpit region) and into the arm. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001814 UBERON:FMA_5906-MA_0001180 VHOG:0000372 brachial plexus check superclass - nerve vs collection of fibers vs junction; note that FMA also has 'brachial autonomic nerve plexus' http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray808.png/200px-Gray808.png ncithesaurus:Brachial_Plexus plexus brachialis uberon MA Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus plexus brachialis Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus plexus brachialis The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine, formed by the ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper thoracic nerve root, specifically from below the fifth cervical vertebra to above the first thoracic vertebra. It proceeds through the neck, the axilla (armpit region) and into the arm. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus lumbosacral nerve plexus EHDAA2:0001040 EHDAA:4673 EMAPA:17587 FMA:5907 GAID:849 MA:0001181 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.450 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYo75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181049003 The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerve, sacral nerve, and coccygeal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts: lumbar plexus sacral plexus pudendal plexus [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001815 UBERON:FMA_5907-MA_0001181 VHOG:0000926 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray822.png/200px-Gray822.png lumbosacral plexus ncithesaurus:Lumbosacral_Plexus plexus lumbosacralis plexus lumbosacralis uberon The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerve, sacral nerve, and coccygeal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts: lumbar plexus sacral plexus pudendal plexus [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lumbosacral_plexus FMA:5907 FMA:TA plexus lumbosacralis Wikipedia:Lumbosacral_plexus plexus lumbosacralis autonomic nerve plexus A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Obol]. EMAPA:18224 FMA:5910 MA:0000221 SCTID:362482000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001816 UBERON:FMA_5910-MA_0000221 autonomic plexus plexus autonomicus plexus nervosus visceralis plexus visceralis uberon visceral nerve plexus visceral plexus FMA:5910 FMA:TA plexus autonomicus FMA:5910 FMA:TA plexus visceralis FMA:5910 FMA:TA plexus nervosus visceralis A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lacrimal gland BTO:0000044 EFO:0001389 EV:0100339 FMA:59101 Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the lacrimal sac. Examples: There only two instances, right lacrimal and left lacrimal glands[FMA]. The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. They are situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit. Inflammation of the lacrimal glands is called dacryoadenitis[WP]. MA:0001296 SCTID:181147003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001817 UBERON:FMA_59101-MA_0001296 VHOG:0001476 glandula lacrimalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray896.png/200px-Gray896.png ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Gland uberon Wikipedia:Lacrimal_gland glandula lacrimalis Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the lacrimal sac. Examples: There only two instances, right lacrimal and left lacrimal glands[FMA]. The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. They are situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit. Inflammation of the lacrimal glands is called dacryoadenitis[WP]. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_gland tarsal gland BTO:0004165 FMA:59104 GAID:899 MA:0001249 MESH:A.09.371.337.614 SCTID:280585003 The meibomian glands (or tarsal glands) are a special kind of sebaceous glands at the rim of the eyelids, responsible for the supply of sebum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film, prevents tear spillage onto the cheek, and makes the closed lids airtight. There are approximately 50 glands on the upper eyelids and 25 glands on the lower eyelids. The glands are named after Heinrich Meibom (1638-1700), a German physician. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001818 UBERON:FMA_59104-MA_0001249 gland of meibom http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gray1205.png/200px-Gray1205.png meibomian gland ncithesaurus:Meibomian_Gland palpebral gland uberon The meibomian glands (or tarsal glands) are a special kind of sebaceous glands at the rim of the eyelids, responsible for the supply of sebum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film, prevents tear spillage onto the cheek, and makes the closed lids airtight. There are approximately 50 glands on the upper eyelids and 25 glands on the lower eyelids. The glands are named after Heinrich Meibom (1638-1700), a German physician. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Meibomian_gland palpebral fissure FMA:59110 MA:0001266 Palpebral fissure is the anatomic name for the separation between the upper and lower eyelids. In the adult this measures about 10mm vertically and 30 mm horizontally. It can be reduced in size in fetal alcohol syndrome. In Trisomy 9 the palpebral fissures can be upslanting. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:280576003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001819 UBERON:FMA_59110-MA_0001266 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray892.png/200px-Gray892.png rima palpebrarum uberon Wikipedia:Palpebral_fissure rima palpebrarum Palpebral fissure is the anatomic name for the separation between the upper and lower eyelids. In the adult this measures about 10mm vertically and 30 mm horizontally. It can be reduced in size in fetal alcohol syndrome. In Trisomy 9 the palpebral fissures can be upslanting. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Palpebral_fissure sweat gland BTO:0001331 EV:0100160 FMA:59152 GAID:943 MA:0000150 MESH:A.10.336.899 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361700009 Sweat glands are exocrine glands, found in the skin of all mammal species, that are used for body temperature regulation. In humans a system of apocrine - and merocrine sweat glands is the main method of cooling. Many other mammals rely on panting or other means as a primary source of cooling, but still use sweat glands to aid in body temperature regulation. Sweat also serves a purpose of increasing friction on the palms of hands or the pads of paws. Both apocrine and merocrine sweat glands contain myoepithelial cells (from Greek myo-, 'muscle'), specialized epithelial cells located between the gland cells and the underlying basal lamina. Myoepithelial cell contractions squeeze the gland and discharge the accumulated secretions. The secretory activities of the gland cells and the contractions of myoepithelial cells are controlled by both the autonomic nervous system and by the circulating hormones. Additionally, ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax, and mammary glands, which produce milk, are frequently considered to be modified sweat glands. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001820 UBERON:FMA_59152-MA_0000150 VHOG:0001467 glandula sudorifera http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png ncithesaurus:Sweat_Gland sudoriferous gland sudoriparous gland todo - check if all sweat glands are epidermal - see EMAPA:29743 uberon MA definitional Sweat glands are exocrine glands, found in the skin of all mammal species, that are used for body temperature regulation. In humans a system of apocrine - and merocrine sweat glands is the main method of cooling. Many other mammals rely on panting or other means as a primary source of cooling, but still use sweat glands to aid in body temperature regulation. Sweat also serves a purpose of increasing friction on the palms of hands or the pads of paws. Both apocrine and merocrine sweat glands contain myoepithelial cells (from Greek myo-, 'muscle'), specialized epithelial cells located between the gland cells and the underlying basal lamina. Myoepithelial cell contractions squeeze the gland and discharge the accumulated secretions. The secretory activities of the gland cells and the contractions of myoepithelial cells are controlled by both the autonomic nervous system and by the circulating hormones. Additionally, ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax, and mammary glands, which produce milk, are frequently considered to be modified sweat glands. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sweat_gland BTO:0001331 glandula sudorifera BTO:0001331 sudoriferous gland FMA BTO:0001331 sudoriparous gland sebaceous gland BTO:0001980 EV:0100161 FMA:59160 GAID:900 MA:0002565 MESH:A.10.336.827 SCTID:361697005 The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin which secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate the skin and hair of animals. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001821 UBERON:FMA_59160-MA_0002565 VHOG:0001468 glandula sebacea glandula sebaceae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/HairFollicle.png/200px-HairFollicle.png ncithesaurus:Sebaceous_Gland sebaceous follicle uberon The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin which secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate the skin and hair of animals. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland definitional BTO:0001980 sebaceous follicle BTO:0001980 glandula sebaceae Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland glandula sebacea orbital septum FMA:59328 MA:0001259 SCTID:368859002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001822 UBERON:FMA_59328-MA_0001259 a membranous sheet that acts as the anterior boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids[WP]. septum orbitale uberon Wikipedia:Orbital_septum a membranous sheet that acts as the anterior boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids[WP]. Wikipedia:Orbital_septum septum orbitale nasal cartilage FMA:59502 MA:0001883 One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP]. SCTID:278941001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001823 UBERON:FMA_59502-MA_0001883 cartilage of nose http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray852.png/200px-Gray852.png ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cartilage uberon One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP]. Wikipedia:Nasal_cartilage mucosa of larynx EMAPA:18334 FMA:59662 GAID:301 MA:0001766 MESH:A.04.329.597 SCTID:361940006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001824 UBERON:FMA_59662-MA_0001766 laryngeal mucosa larynx mucosa larynx mucosa of organ larynx mucous membrane larynx organ mucosa mucosa of organ of larynx mucous membrane of larynx ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Mucosa organ mucosa of larynx the mucous lining of the larynx, which is composed of squamous epithelium in the upper larynx and ciliated columnar epithelium in the lower larynx. tunica mucosa laryngis uberon OBOL:automatic larynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of larynx OBOL:automatic larynx mucous membrane MP:0002261 the mucous lining of the larynx, which is composed of squamous epithelium in the upper larynx and ciliated columnar epithelium in the lower larynx. FMA:59662 FMA:TA tunica mucosa laryngis OBOL:automatic larynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of larynx paranasal sinus Arise as epithelial lined diverticula of the lining of the nasal cavity. The extent of sinus development varies with species, most of the development occurs postnatally EHDAA:6489 EMAPA:18633 EV:0100038 FMA:59679 GAID:355 MA:0000431 MESH:A.04.531.621 Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces, communicating with the nasal cavity, within the bones of the skull and face. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:181203001 UBERON:0001825 UBERON:FMA_59679-MA_0000431 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg/200px-Nnh_front.svg.png nasal sinus ncithesaurus:Paranasal_Sinus sinus uberon GAID:355 nasal sinus Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces, communicating with the nasal cavity, within the bones of the skull and face. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Paranasal_sinus nasal cavity mucosa BTO:0000912 FMA:59684 GAID:302 SCTID:310211009 TODO - check lining vs part of. split olfactory and nasal mucosa? UBERON:0001826 UBERON:FMA_59684-MA_0001324 mucosa of nose mucous membrane of nose nasal mucosa the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP]. tunica mucosa nasalis tunica mucosa nasi uberon MP:0002238 the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP]. FMA:59684 FMA:TA tunica mucosa nasi FMA:59684 mucosa of nose FMA:59684 mucous membrane of nose tear BTO:0001499 ENVO:02000034 FMA:59756 GAID:1173 MA:0002508 MESH:A.12.200.882 Secretion produced by the lacrimal gland.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001827 UBERON:FMA_59756-MA_0002508 galen:Tear galen:Tears ncithesaurus:Tear uberon FMA:FMA Secretion produced by the lacrimal gland.[FMA] Wikipedia:Tear gingiva AO notes: FMA has gingiva of upper and lower jaw BTO:0000519 EFO:0001925 EMAPA:18967 EMAPA:18970 EV:0100064 FMA:59762 GAID:1257 MA:0000342 MESH:A.14.254.646.480 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViWnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181224006 The gingiva, or gums, consists of the mucosal tissue that lies over the alveolar bone. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001828 UBERON:FMA_59762-MA_0000342 VHOG:0001269 galen:Gingiva gum gum tissue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg/200px-Tooth_Section.svg.png ncithesaurus:Gingiva uberon FMA FMA:59762 gum The gingiva, or gums, consists of the mucosal tissue that lies over the alveolar bone. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gingiva UBERON:cjm gum tissue major salivary gland FMA:59788 MA:0002478 SCTID:303049006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001829 UBERON:FMA_59788-MA_0002478 galen:MajorSalivaryGland ncithesaurus:Major_Salivary_Gland the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. uberon MP:0003792 the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. minor salivary gland FMA:59789 GAID:940 MA:0002479 MESH:A.10.336.779.650 SCTID:362177001 UBERON:0001830 UBERON:FMA_59789-MA_0002479 galen:MinorSalivaryGland ncithesaurus:Minor_Salivary_Gland the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands[MP]. There are over 600 minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity within the lamina propria of the oral mucosa. They are 1-2mm in diameter and unlike the other glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue only surrounded by it. The gland is usually a number of acini connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature (except for Von Ebner's glands) and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva. Problems with dentures are usually associated with minor salivary glands[WP]. uberon MP:0003791 Wikipedia:Salivary_gland#Minor_Salivary_Glands the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands[MP]. There are over 600 minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity within the lamina propria of the oral mucosa. They are 1-2mm in diameter and unlike the other glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue only surrounded by it. The gland is usually a number of acini connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature (except for Von Ebner's glands) and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva. Problems with dentures are usually associated with minor salivary glands[WP]. parotid gland AAO:0010095 BTO:0001004 EFO:0002558 EMAPA:18537 EV:0100060 FMA:59790 GAID:938 MA:0001585 MESH:A.10.336.779.464 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqwyg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181234002 The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001831 UBERON:FMA_59790-MA_0001585 VHOG:0000308 galen:ParotidGland glandula parotidea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg ncithesaurus:Parotid_Gland parotid uberon Wikipedia:Parotid_gland glandula parotidea The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Parotid_gland sublingual gland BTO:0001315 EMAPA:18809 EV:0100062 FMA:59791 GAID:941 MA:0001588 MESH:A.10.336.779.687 Rivinus gland Rivinus' gland SCTID:362176005 The sublingual glands are salivary glands in the mouth. They lie anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts called the ducts of Rivinus. The largest duct, the sublingual duct (of Bartholin) joins the submandibular duct to drain through the sublingual caruncle. The sublingual gland consists mostly of Mucous acini capped with serous demilunes and is therefore categorized as a mixed gland. Most of the remaining small sublingual ducts open separately into the mouth on an elevated crest of mucous membrane, the sublingual fold, caused by the gland and on either side of the frenulum linguae. The chorda tympani nerve is secretomotor to the sublingual glands. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001832 UBERON:FMA_59791-MA_0001588 VHOG:0000363 ductus sublingualis glandula sublingualis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray1024.png/200px-Gray1024.png ncithesaurus:Sublingual_Salivary_Gland sublingual salivary gland submaxillary gland uberon Wikipedia:Sublingual_gland glandula sublingualis FMA BTO:0001315 Rivinus gland MA:0001589 submaxillary gland The sublingual glands are salivary glands in the mouth. They lie anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts called the ducts of Rivinus. The largest duct, the sublingual duct (of Bartholin) joins the submandibular duct to drain through the sublingual caruncle. The sublingual gland consists mostly of Mucous acini capped with serous demilunes and is therefore categorized as a mixed gland. Most of the remaining small sublingual ducts open separately into the mouth on an elevated crest of mucous membrane, the sublingual fold, caused by the gland and on either side of the frenulum linguae. The chorda tympani nerve is secretomotor to the sublingual glands. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sublingual_gland lip BTO:0001647 FMA:59816 GAID:76 MA:0000343 MESH:A.01.456.505.631.515 One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9458 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181221003 TAO:0007006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001833 UBERON:FMA_59816-ZFA_0007006 VHOG:0000677 ZFA:0007006 galen:Lip http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mouth.jpg/200px-Mouth.jpg labia oris lips ncithesaurus:Lip uberon Wikipedia:Lip labia oris One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9458 Wikipedia:Lip ZFIN:curator upper lip EMAPA:17925 Editor notes: add spatial relationships after jaw terms fixed FMA:59817 MA:0000919 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWPv7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245776003 TAO:0001970 The upper lip covers the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla. Its upper half is of usual skin color and has a depression at its centre, directly under the nasal septum, called the philtrum, while its lower half is a markedly different, red-colored skin tone more similar to the colour of the inside of the mouth, and the term vermillion refers to the colored portion of either the upper or lower lip. It is raised by the Levator labii superioris and is connected to the lower lip by the thin lining of the lip itself, which can be seen by opening your mouth wide in front of a mirror. Thinning of the vermilion of the upper lip and flattening of the philtrum are two of the facial characteristics of Fetal alcohol syndrome, a life-long disability caused by the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001834 UBERON:0003391 UBERON:FMA_59817-MA_0000919 ZFA:0005226 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg labium superius oris uberon upper jaw lip The upper lip covers the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla. Its upper half is of usual skin color and has a depression at its centre, directly under the nasal septum, called the philtrum, while its lower half is a markedly different, red-colored skin tone more similar to the colour of the inside of the mouth, and the term vermillion refers to the colored portion of either the upper or lower lip. It is raised by the Levator labii superioris and is connected to the lower lip by the thin lining of the lip itself, which can be seen by opening your mouth wide in front of a mirror. Thinning of the vermilion of the upper lip and flattening of the philtrum are two of the facial characteristics of Fetal alcohol syndrome, a life-long disability caused by the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Upper_lip UBERON:cjm upper jaw lip Wikipedia:Upper_lip labium superius oris lower lip EHDAA2:0001020 EMAPA:17909 Editor notes: add spatial relationships after jaw terms fixed FMA:59818 MA:0000921 OpenCyc:Mx4rv842UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245777007 TAO:0002060 The lower lip (also called underlip) covers the anterior body of the mandible. It is lowered by the Depressor labii inferioris muscle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001835 UBERON:0003392 UBERON:FMA_59818-MA_0000921 ZFA:0005225 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mouth.jpg/200px-Mouth.jpg labium inferius oris lower jaw lip ncithesaurus:Lower_Lip uberon UBERON:cjm lower jaw lip The lower lip (also called underlip) covers the anterior body of the mandible. It is lowered by the Depressor labii inferioris muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lower_lip Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence Wikipedia:Lower_lip labium inferius oris saliva BTO:0001202 ENVO:02000036 FMA:59862 GAID:1167 In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin[GO]. MA:0002507 MAT:0000444 MESH:A.12.200.666 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001836 UBERON:FMA_59862-MA_0002507 galen:Saliva ncithesaurus:Saliva sailva normalis saliva atomaris saliva molecularis salivary gland secretion uberon Wikipedia:Saliva saliva molecularis GO:0046541 In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin[GO]. Wikipedia:Saliva FMA:59862 salivary gland secretion Wikipedia:Saliva saliva atomaris Wikipedia:Saliva sailva normalis duct of salivary gland An intralobular duct found in salivary glands and involved in the production and transport of their secretions[BTO]. BTO:0005115 FMA:59908 GAID:939 MA:0001586 MESH:A.10.336.779.640 SCTID:181238004 UBERON:0001837 UBERON:FMA_59908-MA_0001586 check taxonomy coverage - define functionally? salivary duct salivary gland duct secretory duct uberon An intralobular duct found in salivary glands and involved in the production and transport of their secretions[BTO]. BTO:0005115 Wikipedia:Salivary_duct BTO:0005115 secretory duct sublingual duct BTO:0004558 FMA:59983 MA:0002699 SCTID:281000009 The excretory ducts of the sublingual gland are from eight to twenty in number. Of the smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus), some join the submandibular duct; others open separately into the mouth, on the elevated crest of mucous membrane (plica sublingualis), caused by the projection of the gland, on either side of the frenulum linguae. One or more join to form the major sublingual duct (larger sublingual duct, duct of Bartholin), which opens into the submandibular duct. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001838 UBERON:FMA_59983-MA_0002699 uberon The excretory ducts of the sublingual gland are from eight to twenty in number. Of the smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus), some join the submandibular duct; others open separately into the mouth, on the elevated crest of mucous membrane (plica sublingualis), caused by the projection of the gland, on either side of the frenulum linguae. One or more join to form the major sublingual duct (larger sublingual duct, duct of Bartholin), which opens into the submandibular duct. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sublingual_duct bony labyrinth A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0011078 BTO:0004685 EV:0100362 FMA:60179 Ideally we would place a spatially disjoint from relationship to membranous labyrinth, but there are many parts in common. this should be resolved. MA:0000238 SCTID:279727008 UBERON:0001839 UBERON:FMA_60179-MA_0000238-XAO_0000193 VHOG:0001219 XAO:0000193 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray920.png/200px-Gray920.png labyrinthus osseus ncithesaurus:Osseous_Labyrinth osseous labyrinth osseus labyrinth uberon A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth labyrinthus osseus semicircular canal AAO:0011098 BTO:0003383 EV:0100365 FMA:60186 GAID:776 MA:0000249 MESH:A.09.246.631.663 Note that MA divides this into osseous and duct. In FMA, this is systemically part of the bony labyrinth. Note this is an anatomical space in ZFA. The MA treatment has advantages for representing the neuroepithelium, which should not be part of bone. Also check duct vs canal One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) SCTID:279757004 TAO:0000431 UBERON:0001840 UBERON:FMA_60186-MA_0000249-XAO_0000198-ZFA_0000431 VHOG:0001144 XAO:0000198 ZFA:0000431 canalis semicircularis ductus semicirculares http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png/200px-Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png ncithesaurus:Semicircular_Canal uberon One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal ZFIN:curator OG MA GO BTO:0003383 FMA:71880 FMA:TA ductus semicirculares Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal canalis semicircularis anterior semicircular canal AAO:0000058 EHDAA2:0001959 EHDAA:7802 EMAPA:17299 FMA:60187 MA:0001207 One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) SCTID:279764002 TAO:0000314 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001841 UBERON:FMA_60187-MA_0001207-ZFA_0000314 ZFA:0000314 anterior semicircular canals anterior semicircular duct canalis semircularis posterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Semicircular_Canal rostral vertical semicircular canal superior semicircular canal uberon One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) Wikipedia:Anterior_semicircular_canal ZFIN:curator AAO:0000058 canalis semircularis posterior posterior semicircular canal AAO:0000420 EHDAA2:0001489 EHDAA:7796 EMAPA:17296 Editor notes: verify AAO FMA:60190 MA:0001209 One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) SCTID:279762003 TAO:0000262 UBERON:0001842 UBERON:FMA_60190-MA_0001209-ZFA_0000262 ZFA:0000262 canalis semicircularis posterior caudal vertical semicircular canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png ncithesaurus:Posterior_Semicircular_Canal pars superior of labyrinth posterior semicircular canals posterior semicircular duct uberon One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) Wikipedia:Posterior_semicircular_canal ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Posterior_semicircular_canal canalis semicircularis posterior AAO:0000420 pars superior of labyrinth lateral semicircular canal EHDAA2:0000920 EHDAA:7790 EMAPA:17821 FMA:60193 MA:0001208 One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) SCTID:279761005 TAO:0000220 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001843 UBERON:FMA_60193-MA_0001208-ZFA_0000220 ZFA:0000220 horizontal semicircular canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png lateral semicircular canals lateral semicircular duct uberon One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.) Wikipedia:Lateral_semicircular_canal ZFIN:curator cochlea AAO:0000253 BTO:0000267 EFO:0000357 EMAPA:17597 EV:0100363 FMA:60201 GAID:724 MA:0000240 MAT:0000144 MESH:A.09.246.631.246 MIAA:0000144 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1190 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_883 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqfJmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181187008 TAO:0000374 The association with 'lagena' in frog and fish comes from HOG, although HOG is inconsistent here, associating lagena with XAO cochlea and ZFA cochlear duct. NBK53175 says: "In contrast, the ventrally located auditory chambers have undergone more extensive evolutionary modifications. The saccule and lagena are prominent auditory organs in fish but the saccule has a vestibular role in mammals and birds, and the lagena is absent in mammals. The primary au- ditory organ in mammals and birds is the cochlea, which has no known counterpart in amphibians and fish (Riley and Phillips, 2003)" The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name is from the Latin for snail, which is from the Greek kokhlias 'snail, screw,' from kokhlos 'spiral shell,' in reference to its coiled shape; the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001844 UBERON:FMA_60201-MA_0000240-MIAA_0000144-XAO_0000197 VHOG:0000691 XAO:0000197 ZFA:0000374 cochlear organ cochlear part of bony labyrinth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png lagena ncithesaurus:Cochlea uberon The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name is from the Latin for snail, which is from the Greek kokhlias 'snail, screw,' from kokhlos 'spiral shell,' in reference to its coiled shape; the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cochlea XAO:0000197 lagena BTO:0000267 cochlear organ perilymph FMA:60908 GAID:1185 MA:0002529 MESH:A.12.207.571.678 TAO:0005413 Transudate contained in the osseous labyrinth outside the membranous labyrinth.[FMA] UBERON:0001845 UBERON:FMA_60908-MA_0002529 ZFA:0005413 liquor cotunnii ncithesaurus:Perilymph perilympha uberon Wikipedia:Perilymph perilympha FMA:FMA Transudate contained in the osseous labyrinth outside the membranous labyrinth.[FMA] Wikipedia:Perilymph Wikipedia Wikipedia:Perilymph liquor cotunnii internal ear AAO:0000238 BTO:0000630 Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. EFO:0001363 EHDAA2:0000831 EHDAA:504 EMAPA:16194 EV:0100361 FMA:60909 GAID:871 MA:0000237 MAT:0000145 MESH:A.09.246.631 MIAA:0000145 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1196 OpenCyc:Mx4rwJ8SsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181189006 TAO:0000217 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001846 UBERON:FMA_60909-MA_0000237-MIAA_0000145-XAO_0000192-ZFA_0000217 VHOG:0000284 XAO:0000192 ZFA:0000217 auris interna galen:InnerEar http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png inner ear labyrinth ncithesaurus:Internal_Ear otocyst uberon Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. PMID:16217737 Wikipedia:Internal_ear ZFIN:curator BTO:0000630 auris interna definitional lobule of pinna FMA:60984 MA:0002468 The earlobe is, in humans and many other animals, the soft lower part of the external ear. It is the lowermost portion of the human pinna, projecting below the antitragus. The earlobe is composed of tough areolar and adipose (fatty) connective tissues, lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the pinna. Since the earlobe does not contain cartilage the earlobe has a large blood supply and may help to warm the ears and maintain balance but generally earlobes are not considered to have any major biological function. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001847 UBERON:FMA_60984-MA_0002468 auricular lobule ear lobe ear lobule earlobe lobe of ear lobule of auricle lobule of auricle of ear lobulus auriculae ncithesaurus:Lobule_of_the_Auricle pinna lobule uberon FMA:60984 FMA:TA lobulus auriculae The earlobe is, in humans and many other animals, the soft lower part of the external ear. It is the lowermost portion of the human pinna, projecting below the antitragus. The earlobe is composed of tough areolar and adipose (fatty) connective tissues, lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the pinna. Since the earlobe does not contain cartilage the earlobe has a large blood supply and may help to warm the ears and maintain balance but generally earlobes are not considered to have any major biological function. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ear_lobe auricular cartilage FMA:61013 MA:0001227 SCTID:279627003 UBERON:0001848 UBERON:FMA_61013-MA_0001227 cartilage of pinna uberon FMA:61013 cartilage of pinna FMA membranous labyrinth AAO:0011060 EHDAA:4698 EMAPA:17815 EV:0100367 FMA:61022 MA:0000242 Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. Examples: There are only two membranous labyrinths, the right and the left.[FMA] SCTID:263790009 UBERON:0001849 UBERON:FMA_61022-MA_0000242-XAO_0000194 VHOG:0000729 XAO:0000194 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray924.png/200px-Gray924.png inner ear has parts membranous and osseuous/bony labyrinth. it's not clear where the edinburgh terms 'labyrinth' belong, we place them here for now labyrinthus membranaceus ncithesaurus:Membranous_Labyrinth uberon FMA:FMA Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. Examples: There are only two membranous labyrinths, the right and the left.[FMA] Wikipedia:Membranous_labyrinth definitional Wikipedia:Membranous_labyrinth labyrinthus membranaceus lacrimal duct EMAPA:19245 FMA:61063 MA:0001295 Organ with organ cavity which connects the vestibule of the conjunctival sac to the nasal cavity. Examples: There are only two lacrimal ducts, the right and the left lacrimal ducts.[FMA] UBERON:0001850 UBERON:FMA_61063-MA_0001295 lacrimal caniculi tear duct todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal uberon FMA:61063 Organ with organ cavity which connects the vestibule of the conjunctival sac to the nasal cavity. Examples: There are only two lacrimal ducts, the right and the left lacrimal ducts.[FMA] Wikipedia:Lacrimal_duct FMA Wikipedia:Lacrimal lacrimal caniculi MA:0001295 tear duct cortex AAO:0010327 EFO:0000383 EHDAA:9344 EMAPA:18427 FMA:61109 Outermost layer of an organ[WP]. This class is used in a very general sense UBERON:0001851 UBERON:FMA_61109-XAO_0000216 galen:Cortex uberon Outermost layer of an organ[WP]. Wikipedia:Cortex_(anatomy) endolymph FMA:61112 GAID:1184 MA:0002528 MESH:A.12.207.571.324 Scarpa's fluid TAO:0005414 Transudate contained within the membranous labyrinth.[FMA] UBERON:0001852 UBERON:FMA_61112-MA_0002528 ZFA:0005414 endolympha http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png ncithesaurus:Endolymph uberon Scarpa's fluid Wikipedia:Endolymph Wikipedia:Endolymph endolympha FMA:FMA Transudate contained within the membranous labyrinth.[FMA] Wikipedia:Endolymph Wikipedia Wikipedia:Endolymph endolympha utricle of membranous labyrinth AAO:0000625 AAO:0011109 BTO:0001807 EHDAA2:0002153 EHDAA:4726 EMAPA:17293 EV:0100368 FMA:61113 MA:0000247 SCTID:279817006 TAO:0000700 UBERON:0001853 UBERON:FMA_61113-MA_0000247-XAO_0000195-ZFA_0000700 VHOG:0000289 XAO/AAO to be checked - see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5; AAO has both utricle and utriculus; these are generally considered synonyms - e.g. http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=utriculus XAO:0000195 ZFA:0000700 membranous labyrinth utricle ncithesaurus:Utricle one of the two otolith organs located in the vertebrate inner ear. These use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation. The utricle is larger than the saccule and is of an oblong form, compressed transversely, and occupies the upper and back part of the vestibule, lying in contact with the recessus ellipticus and the part below it. The utricle contains mechanoreceptors called hair cells that distinguish between degrees of tilting of the head, thanks to their apical cilia set-up. These are covered by otolith which, due to gravity, pull on the cilia and tilt them. Depending on whether the tilt is in the direction of the kinocilium or not, the resulting hair cell polarisation is excitatory (depolarising) or inhibitory (hyperpolarisation), respectively. This signal to the vestibular nerve (which takes it to the brainstem) does not adapt with time. The effect of this is that, for example, an individual lying down to sleep will continue to detect that they are lying down hours later when they awaken[WP]. uberon utricle utriculus utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) ZFA:0000700 utriculus Wikipedia:Utricle_(ear) one of the two otolith organs located in the vertebrate inner ear. These use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation. The utricle is larger than the saccule and is of an oblong form, compressed transversely, and occupies the upper and back part of the vestibule, lying in contact with the recessus ellipticus and the part below it. The utricle contains mechanoreceptors called hair cells that distinguish between degrees of tilting of the head, thanks to their apical cilia set-up. These are covered by otolith which, due to gravity, pull on the cilia and tilt them. Depending on whether the tilt is in the direction of the kinocilium or not, the resulting hair cell polarisation is excitatory (depolarising) or inhibitory (hyperpolarisation), respectively. This signal to the vestibular nerve (which takes it to the brainstem) does not adapt with time. The effect of this is that, for example, an individual lying down to sleep will continue to detect that they are lying down hours later when they awaken[WP]. saccule of membranous labyrinth A bed of sensory cells situated in the inner ear. The saccule translates head movements into neural impulses which the brain can interpret. The saccule is sensitive to linear translations of the head, specifically movements up and down (think about moving on an elevator). When the head moves vertically, the sensory cells of the saccule are disturbed and the neurons connected to them begin transmitting impulses to the brain. These impulses travel along the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem. is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs. It is globular in form and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Its cavity does not directly communicate with that of the utricle. The anterior part of the saccule exhibits an oval thickening, the macula acustica sacculi, or macula, to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the acoustic nerve or cranial nerve VIII[WP]. AAO:0000550 BTO:0001805 EHDAA2:0001769 EHDAA:4712 EMAPA:17290 EV:0100369 FMA:61116 MA:0000246 SCTID:279827000 TAO:0000428 UBERON:0001854 UBERON:FMA_61116-MA_0000246-ZFA_0000428 VHOG:0000374 XAO/AAO to be checked - see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5 XAO:0000196 ZFA:0000428 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg membranous labyrinth saccule ncithesaurus:Saccule saccule sacculus sacculus sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) uberon A bed of sensory cells situated in the inner ear. The saccule translates head movements into neural impulses which the brain can interpret. The saccule is sensitive to linear translations of the head, specifically movements up and down (think about moving on an elevator). When the head moves vertically, the sensory cells of the saccule are disturbed and the neurons connected to them begin transmitting impulses to the brain. These impulses travel along the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem. is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs. It is globular in form and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Its cavity does not directly communicate with that of the utricle. The anterior part of the saccule exhibits an oval thickening, the macula acustica sacculi, or macula, to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the acoustic nerve or cranial nerve VIII[WP]. Wikipedia:Saccule ZFA:0000428 sacculus Wikipedia:Saccule sacculus cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP]. BTO:0001692 EHDAA2:0000262 EHDAA:4718 EMAPA:17598 FMA:61119 GAID:874 MA:0000243 MESH:A.09.246.631.246.292 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562 Reissner's canal SCTID:279849006 TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media UBERON:0001855 UBERON:FMA_61119-MA_0000243 VHOG:0000507 cochlea duct cochlear aqueduct cochlear duct ductus cochlearis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gray928.png/200px-Gray928.png membranous cochlea ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Duct reissners canal scala media scala medias scala of Loewenberg uberon BTO:0001692 ductus cochlearis Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct scala media An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP]. Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct BTO:0001692 scala of Loewenberg BTO:0001692 membranous cochlea NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562 cochlea duct Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct ductus cochlearis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562 scala medias NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562 reissners canal semicircular duct FMA:61122 MA:0000251 SCTID:279833009 TODO - check canal vs duct. see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray927.png UBERON:0001856 UBERON:FMA_61122-MA_0000251 VHOG:0000238 any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium ductus semicirculares membranous semicircular canal ncithesaurus:Semicircular_Duct uberon FMA MA MA FMA:71880 FMA:TA ductus semicirculares any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/semicircular+duct MA:0000251 membranous semicircular canal anterior semicircular duct FMA:61123 MA:0001211 SCTID:279836001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001857 UBERON:FMA_61123-MA_0001211 VHOG:0000246 uberon posterior semicircular duct FMA:61126 MA:0001214 SCTID:279835002 The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal), superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal), and the posterior semicircular canal. The canals are aligned approximately orthogonally to one another. The horizontal canal is aligned roughly horizontally in the head. The superior and anterior canals are aligned roughly at a 45 degree angle to a vertical plane drawn from the nose to the back of the skull. Thus, the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect vertical head movements. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. The semicircular canals are a component of the Labyrinth. Among species of mammals, the size of the semicircular canals is correlated with their type of locomotion. Specifically, species that are agile and have fast, jerky locomotion have larger canals relative to their body size than those that move more cautiously. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001858 UBERON:FMA_61126-MA_0001214 VHOG:0000248 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png/200px-Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png uberon The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal), superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal), and the posterior semicircular canal. The canals are aligned approximately orthogonally to one another. The horizontal canal is aligned roughly horizontally in the head. The superior and anterior canals are aligned roughly at a 45 degree angle to a vertical plane drawn from the nose to the back of the skull. Thus, the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect vertical head movements. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. The semicircular canals are a component of the Labyrinth. Among species of mammals, the size of the semicircular canals is correlated with their type of locomotion. Specifically, species that are agile and have fast, jerky locomotion have larger canals relative to their body size than those that move more cautiously. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal lateral semicircular duct FMA:61129 MA:0001213 SCTID:279834003 The lateral or horizontal canal (external semicircular canal) is the shortest of the three canals. Movement of fluid within this canal corresponds to rotation of the head around a vertical axis (i.e. the neck). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001859 UBERON:FMA_61129-MA_0001213 VHOG:0000247 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png uberon The lateral or horizontal canal (external semicircular canal) is the shortest of the three canals. Movement of fluid within this canal corresponds to rotation of the head around a vertical axis (i.e. the neck). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_semicircular_duct endolymphatic duct AAO:0000135 EMAPA:18580 FMA:61246 From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the endolymphatic duct, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. [WP,unvetted]. GAID:886 MA:0001187 MESH:A.09.246.631.909.957.360 SCTID:362567008 TAO:0002194 UBERON:0001860 UBERON:FMA_61246-MA_0001187 ZFA:0001705 ductus endolymphaticus ductus endolymphaticus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray924.png/200px-Gray924.png uberon Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_duct ductus endolymphaticus AAO:0000135 ductus endolymphaticus From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the endolymphatic duct, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_duct ductus reuniens EMAPA:17287 FMA:61252 MA:0000244 SCTID:279805009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001861 UBERON:FMA_61252-MA_0000244 uberon vestibular labyrinth BTO:0001856 EHDAA2:0000832 EMAPA:17286 FMA:61255 MA:0000245 SCTID:181188003 The part of the membranous labyrinth that includes the utricle and saccule lodged within the vestibule and the semicircular ducts lodged eccentrically in the corresponding canals. UBERON:0001862 UBERON:FMA_61255-MA_0000245 XAO:0004145 labyrinthus vestibularis ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Labyrinth uberon vestibular apparatus BTO:0001856 The part of the membranous labyrinth that includes the utricle and saccule lodged within the vestibule and the semicircular ducts lodged eccentrically in the corresponding canals. BTO:0001856 labyrinthus vestibularis scala vestibuli FMA:61269 MA:0001206 SCTID:362578000 Scala vestibuli is a perilymph filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It is separated from the scala media by Reissner's membrane and extends from the oval window to the helicotrema where it joins scala tympani. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001863 UBERON:FMA_61269-MA_0001206 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png uberon Scala vestibuli is a perilymph filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It is separated from the scala media by Reissner's membrane and extends from the oval window to the helicotrema where it joins scala tympani. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scala_vestibuli scala tympani FMA:61272 GAID:879 MA:0001205 MESH:A.09.246.631.246.848 SCTID:362579008 Scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the cochlear labyrinth. It is separated from the scala media by the basilar membrane, and it extends from the round window to the helicotrema, where it continues as scala vestibuli. The purpose of the perilymph-filled scala tympani and scala vestibuli is to transduce the movement of air that causes the tympanic membrane and the ossicles to vibrate, to movement of liquid and the basilar membrane. This movement is conveyed to the organ of Corti inside the scala media, composed of hair cells attached to the basilar membrane and their stereocilia embedded in the tectorial membrane. The movement of the basilar membrane compared to the tectorial membrane causes the sterocilia to bend. They then depolarise and send impulses to the brain via the cochlear nerve. This produces the sensation of sound. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001864 UBERON:FMA_61272-MA_0001205 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png uberon Scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the cochlear labyrinth. It is separated from the scala media by the basilar membrane, and it extends from the round window to the helicotrema, where it continues as scala vestibuli. The purpose of the perilymph-filled scala tympani and scala vestibuli is to transduce the movement of air that causes the tympanic membrane and the ossicles to vibrate, to movement of liquid and the basilar membrane. This movement is conveyed to the organ of Corti inside the scala media, composed of hair cells attached to the basilar membrane and their stereocilia embedded in the tectorial membrane. The movement of the basilar membrane compared to the tectorial membrane causes the sterocilia to bend. They then depolarise and send impulses to the brain via the cochlear nerve. This produces the sensation of sound. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scala_tympani cartilaginous external acoustic tube FMA:61289 MA:0001234 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001865 UBERON:FMA_61289-MA_0001234 cartilaginous external acoustic meatus cartilaginous part of external acoustic meatus external acoustic meatus cartilaginous part meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus uberon FMA:61289 FMA:TA meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus sebum BTO:0001981 ENVO:02000037 FMA:61304 GAID:1168 MA:0002538 MESH:A.12.200.702 The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin which secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate the skin and hair of animals. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001866 UBERON:FMA_61304-MA_0002538 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/HairFollicle.png/200px-HairFollicle.png ncithesaurus:Sebum uberon The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin which secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate the skin and hair of animals. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sebum cartilage of external ear A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Obol]. FMA:61339 GAID:103 MA:0001886 MESH:A.02.165.207 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001867 UBERON:FMA_61339-MA_0001886 auricular region cartilage auricular region of head cartilage cartilage of auricular region cartilage of auricular region of head cartilage of outer ear external ear cartilage ncithesaurus:External_Ear_Cartilage outer ear cartilage uberon OBOL:automatic cartilage of auricular region OBOL:automatic auricular region of head cartilage A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cartilage of auricular region of head OBOL:automatic auricular region cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of outer ear OBOL:automatic outer ear cartilage skin of chest A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Obol]. FMA:61416 FMA:61417 MA:0000553 SCTID:181496004 UBERON:0001868 UBERON:FMA_61415-MA_0000553 anterior thoracic region zone of skin anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin check FMA:61415 chest skin chest zone of skin front of thorax zone of skin uberon zone of skin of anterior chest zone of skin of anterior part of thorax zone of skin of anterior thoracic region zone of skin of anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin of chest zone of skin of front of thorax OBOL:automatic zone of skin of chest OBOL:automatic chest zone of skin OBOL:automatic front of thorax zone of skin OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region zone of skin FMA:61416 zone of skin of anterior part of thorax FMA:61416 zone of skin of anterior chest OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of front of thorax OBOL:automatic zone of skin of anterior thoracic region A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic zone of skin of anterolateral part of thorax cerebral hemisphere AAO:0010480 BTO:0000231 EFO:0002521 FMA:61817 MA:0000133 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1042 One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA] OpenCyc:Mx4rvigx5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278251007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001869 UBERON:FMA_61817-MA_0000133 VHOG:0001639 cerebrum galen:CerebralHemisphere hemispherium cerebri ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Hemisphere uberon FMA:FMA One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA] Wikipedia:Cerebral_hemisphere Wikipedia:Cerebral_hemisphere hemispherium cerebri frontal cortex BM:Tel-Cx-FR BTO:0000484 EFO:0000913 EV:0100167 Editor note: Many species don't have lobes but they do have frontal cortex. Lobe isn't a really well defined term though [MM] FMA:61824 Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. GAID:674 MA:0000905 MAT:0000505 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.270 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_928 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090601 OpenCyc:Mx4rv3OJ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180920004 UBERON:0001870 UBERON:FMA_61824-MA_0000905 frontal lobe frontal region http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gray729.png/200px-Gray729.png lobus frontalis ncithesaurus:Frontal_Lobe regio frontalis uberon Wikipedia:Frontal_lobe lobus frontalis FMA:61824 frontal lobe FMA:61824 FMA:TA regio frontalis Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Wikipedia:Frontal_lobe temporal lobe BM:Tel-Cx-Te BTO:0001355 EFO:0000917 EMAPA:18797 EV:0100169 FMA:61825 GAID:635 MA:0000941 MAT:0000508 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.863 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1160 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180921000 Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. UBERON:0001871 UBERON:FMA_61825-MA_0000941 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gray730.png/200px-Gray730.png lobus temporalis ncithesaurus:Temporal_Lobe temporal cortex temporal neocortex uberon DHB:TCx temporal neocortex Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe lobus temporalis Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe parietal lobe BTO:0001001 EFO:0000914 EV:0100168 FMA:61826 GAID:680 MA:0000916 MAT:0000506 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.670 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1148 OpenCyc:Mx4rvg-typwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe. SCTID:180922007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001872 UBERON:FMA_61826-MA_0000916 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray726_parietal_lobe.png/200px-Gray726_parietal_lobe.png lobus parietalis ncithesaurus:Parietal_Lobe_of_the_Brain parietal cortex parietal neocortex parietal region regio parietalis uberon FMA:61826 FMA:TA regio parietalis Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe lobus parietalis DHB:PCx parietal neocortex Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe. Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe caudate nucleus BM:Tel-CA BTO:0000211 CHECK - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM) EFO:0000907 EMAPA:18207 EV:0100185 FMA:61833 GAID:670 MA:0000894 MAT:0000513 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.184 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1373 Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent. OpenCyc:Mx4rvvyAjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279297002 UBERON:0001873 UBERON:FMA_61833-MA_0000894 caudatus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg/200px-Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg ncithesaurus:Caudate_Nucleus nucleus caudatus uberon Wikipedia:Caudate_nucleus nucleus caudatus BTO:0000211 nucleus caudatus definitional Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent. Wikipedia:Caudate_nucleus putamen BM:Tel-Pu CHECK - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM) EV:0100187 FMA:61834 GAID:671 MA:0000895 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.784 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_809 Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. It employs dopamine to perform its functions. The putamen also plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. SCTID:281512002 UBERON:0001874 UBERON:FMA_61834-MA_0000895 VHOG:0001456 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg/200px-BrainCaudatePutamen.svg.png ncithesaurus:Putamen nucleus putamen uberon FMA Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. It employs dopamine to perform its functions. The putamen also plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Wikipedia:Putamen globus pallidus BTO and MA are inconsistent w.r.t striatum and pallidum being non-overlapping as in ABA. Note that we have pallidum as part_of basal gangion, so we can make the direct link to basal ganglion. ISBN10:1588900649 says: ... a derivative of the diencephalon, seperates as a result of growing fibers of theinternal capsule and is finally displaced into telencephalon. only a small medial remnannt remains, the entopeduncular nucleus. The globus pallidus should be regarded as part of the subthalamus BTO:0002246 EFO:0000905 EV:0100188 FMA:61835 GAID:668 MA:0000890 MAT:0000510 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.105.487.397 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234 SCTID:362361005 Subcortical nucleus, functionally part of the basal ganglia, which consists of two segments the external (or lateral) and internal (or medial) separated by the medial medullary lamina in primates. In rodents, The globus pallidus lateral is separated from the medial segment by the fibers of the internal capsule/cerebral peduncle[NIF]. Nucleus of brain which is located medially to the putamen and laterally to the internal capsule[FMA]. UBERON:0001875 UBERON:FMA_61835-MA_0000890 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif/200px-Brain_structure.gif ncithesaurus:Globus_Pallidus pale body paleostriatum pallidium pallidum uberon FMA:61835 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234 Subcortical nucleus, functionally part of the basal ganglia, which consists of two segments the external (or lateral) and internal (or medial) separated by the medial medullary lamina in primates. In rodents, The globus pallidus lateral is separated from the medial segment by the fibers of the internal capsule/cerebral peduncle[NIF]. Nucleus of brain which is located medially to the putamen and laterally to the internal capsule[FMA]. Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus GO:0021759 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234 Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus pallidum BTO-weakened MA NIF_GrossAnatomy Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus paleostriatum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234 pale body Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus pallidium GO ISBN10:1588900649 amygdala AO notes: MA and FMA differ on relationship to basal ganglion. The FMA text def suggests a subdivision, but it is classified as a subtype BM:Tel-Am BTO:0001042 EFO:0000252 EV:0100189 EV:0100190 FMA:61841 GAID:616 MA:0000887 MAT:0000289 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.090 MIAA:0000289 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1241 OpenCyc:Mx4rwJC_2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe[FMA] UBERON:0001876 UBERON:FMA_61841-MA_0000887-MIAA_0000289 VHOG:0001277 amygdaloid area amygdaloid body amygdaloid complex amygdaloid nuclear complex amygdaloid nuclear group amygdaloid nuclear groups archistriatum corpus amygdaloideum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Amyg.png/200px-Amyg.png ncithesaurus:Amygdala nucleus amygdalae uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1241 amygdaloid complex BTO:0001042 corpus amygdaloideum FMA BTO:0001042 nucleus amygdalae Wikipedia:Amygdala corpus amygdaloideum BTO:0001042 amygdaloid nuclear group FMA FMA:61841 Subdivision of basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe[FMA] Wikipedia:Amygdala BTO medial septal nucleus ABA:MS BM:Tel-Spt-SMN BTO:0002446 FMA:61879 MA:0000935 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1668 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001877 UBERON:FMA_61879-MA_0000935 medial parolfactory nucleus medial septum uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1668 medial septum septofimbrial nucleus ABA:SF BM:SFN FMA:61881 MA:0000938 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_730 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001878 UBERON:FMA_61881-MA_0000938 nucleus septofibrialis scattered nucleus of the septum uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_730 nucleus septofibrialis nucleus of diagonal band ABA:NDB EHDAA2:0004708 FMA:61882 MA:0000936 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_719 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001879 UBERON:FMA_61882-MA_0000936 diagonal band nucleus ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_Diagonal_Band nucleus of the diagonal band of broca olfactory area (roberts) uberon FMA MA bed nucleus of stria terminalis A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. It's largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure[INCF]. ABA:BST BM:BNST BST BTO:0002698 EFO:0001971 FMA:61884 MA:0000925 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001880 UBERON:FMA_61884-MA_0000925 bed nucleus of the stria terminalis bed nucleus stria terminalis (johnson) intercalate nucleus of stria terminalis interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis nuclei of stria terminalis nucleus of stria terminalis nucleus striae terminalis stria terminalis nucleus uberon FMA:61884 nucleus of stria terminalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724 bed nucleus stria terminalis (johnson) BST INCF:Seattle_mtg_2010 FMA:61884 FMA:TA nucleus striae terminalis A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. It's largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure[INCF]. INCF:Seattle_mtg_2010 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724 bed nucleus of the stria terminalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724 interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis island of calleja ABA:isl BM:Tel-ISC FMA:61888 GAID:632 MA:0000977 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.699.400 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1113 The islands of Calleja (IC, ISC, or IClj) are a group of neural granule cells located within the ventral striatum in the brains of most animals. This region of the brain is part of the limbic system, where it aids in the reinforcing effects of reward-like activities. Within most species, the islands are specifically located within the olfactory tubercle; however, in primates these islands are located within the nucleus accumbens, the reward center of the brain, since the olfactory tubercle has practically disappeared in the brains of primates. Both of these structures have been implicated in the processing of incentives as well as addictions to drugs. Projections to and from the islands supplement this knowledge with their involvement in the reward pathways for both cocaine and amphetamines. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001881 UBERON:FMA_61888-MA_0000977 calleja island http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Islands_of_Calleja_Rat.jpg/200px-Islands_of_Calleja_Rat.jpg insulae olfactoriae, insula callejae islands of calleja uberon Wikipedia:Islands_of_Calleja insulae olfactoriae, insula callejae The islands of Calleja (IC, ISC, or IClj) are a group of neural granule cells located within the ventral striatum in the brains of most animals. This region of the brain is part of the limbic system, where it aids in the reinforcing effects of reward-like activities. Within most species, the islands are specifically located within the olfactory tubercle; however, in primates these islands are located within the nucleus accumbens, the reward center of the brain, since the olfactory tubercle has practically disappeared in the brains of primates. Both of these structures have been implicated in the processing of incentives as well as addictions to drugs. Projections to and from the islands supplement this knowledge with their involvement in the reward pathways for both cocaine and amphetamines. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Islands_of_Calleja nucleus accumbens ABA:ACB BM:Ac BTO:0001862 EFO:0000906 EHDAA2:0004707 FMA:61889 GAID:672 MA:0000892 MAT:0000512 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.105.683 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_727 SCTID:427667007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001882 UBERON:FMA_61889-MA_0000892 a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia[GO]. accumbens nucleus colliculus of caudate nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Circuit_du_syst%C3%A8me_de_recompense.jpg/200px-Circuit_du_syst%C3%A8me_de_recompense.jpg ncithesaurus:Accumbens_Nucleus nucleus accumbens septi nucleus accumbens septi uberon GO:0021768 Wikipedia:Nucleus_accumbens a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia[GO]. MA FMA GO Wikipedia:Nucleus_accumbens nucleus accumbens septi olfactory tubercle ABA:OT BM:Tel-OLT BTO:0001869 EHDAA2:0004701 EV:0100177 FMA:61891 MA:0000976 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1096 SCTID:369108006 Subdivision of telencephalon which is a region on the ventro-medial aspect of the telencephalon penetrated by numerous blood vessels. It is bounded by the optic tract posteriorly and the olfactory trigone anteriorly. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001883 UBERON:FMA_61891-MA_0000976 anterior perforated area anterior perforated space anterior perforated substance http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png olfactory area (mai) substantia perforata anterior tuberculum olfactorium uberon FMA:61891 anterior perforated substance FMA:61891 olfactory area (mai) FMA:61891 anterior perforated space FMA:61891 FMA:TA tuberculum olfactorium FMA:61891 anterior perforated area Wikipedia:Anterior_perforated_substance substantia perforata anterior Subdivision of telencephalon which is a region on the ventro-medial aspect of the telencephalon penetrated by numerous blood vessels. It is bounded by the optic tract posteriorly and the olfactory trigone anteriorly. Wikipedia:Anterior_perforated_substance phrenic nerve BTO:0001063 EHDAA:4677 EMAPA:17813 FMA:6191 GAID:848 MA:0001170 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.150.700 OpenCyc:Mx4rvtmdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280344009 The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5) in humans. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001884 UBERON:FMA_6191-MA_0001170 VHOG:0000728 diaphragmatic nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gray806.png/200px-Gray806.png ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Nerve nervus phrenicus phrenic uberon BTO:0001063 phrenic Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve nervus phrenicus The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5) in humans. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve BTO:0001063 nervus phrenicus BTO:0001063 diaphragmatic nerve dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation ABA:DG BM:Tel-DG BTO says dentate gyrus = fascia dentata + hilus. Note that GO classifies dentate gyrus development under hippocampus development BTO:0002496 BTO:0002615 EFO:0001366 EMAPA:19037 FMA:61922 GAID:624 MA:0000190 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.405.200 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1178 SCTID:279211002 The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus[GO]. UBERON:0001885 UBERON:FMA_61922-MA_0000190 area dentata dentate gyrus fascia dentata gyrus dentatus hippocampal dentate gyrus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/HippocampalRegions.jpg/200px-HippocampalRegions.jpg ncithesaurus:Dentate_Gyrus uberon The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus[GO]. Wikipedia:Dentate_gyrus FMA BTO:0002496 gyrus dentatus BTO:0002496 hippocampal dentate gyrus Wikipedia:Dentate_gyrus gyrus dentatus MA choroid plexus A tuft of capillaries that project into the ventricles of the brain and secretes cerebral spinal fluid. The choroid plexus is covered by a cuboidal epithelium which maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier[?]. Fringe of the tela choroidea of the brain ventricles[MP]. The choroid plexus is the area on the ventricles of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by modified ependymal cells[WP]. BTO:0000258 EFO:0001915 FMA:61934 GAID:607 MA:0000823 MESH:A.08.186.211.276.298 SCTID:264450003 TAO:0001443 TODO - check relationship to ventricle. Check subclass - ZFA says vasculature. Note that FMA:61934 (choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere) has exact synonym 'choroid plexus' but it is not clear that this belongs here, as the fourth ventricle is not in the cerbral hemisphere UBERON:0001886 UBERON:FMA_61934-MA_0000823-ZFA_0001443 VHOG:0001377 XAO:0004176 ZFA:0001443 chorioid plexus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gray708.svg/200px-Gray708.svg.png ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus plexus choroideus plexus choroideus uberon FMA:61934 FMA:TA plexus choroideus A tuft of capillaries that project into the ventricles of the brain and secretes cerebral spinal fluid. The choroid plexus is covered by a cuboidal epithelium which maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier[?]. Fringe of the tela choroidea of the brain ventricles[MP]. The choroid plexus is the area on the ventricles of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by modified ependymal cells[WP]. MP:0000820 Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus ZFIN:curator FMA:61934 chorioid plexus Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus plexus choroideus internal capsule BM:IC EMAPA:18206 FMA:61950 GAID:685 Internal capsule is an organ subdivision of the telencephalon which is made up primarily of myelinated axonal neural tissue (white matter). The internal capsule is a major set of fiber bundles lateral to the thalamus and caudate nucleus and medial to the putamen and globus pallidus. It projects dorsally to the white matter underlying the cerebral cortex. MA:0002748 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.435 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1659 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001887 UBERON:FMA_61950-MA_0002748 capsula interna http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg/200px-Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg internal capsule radiations ncithesaurus:Internal_Capsule uberon Wikipedia:Internal_capsule capsula interna Internal capsule is an organ subdivision of the telencephalon which is made up primarily of myelinated axonal neural tissue (white matter). The internal capsule is a major set of fiber bundles lateral to the thalamus and caudate nucleus and medial to the putamen and globus pallidus. It projects dorsally to the white matter underlying the cerebral cortex. Wikipedia:Internal_capsule lateral olfactory stria BM:Tel-LOT EV:0100175 FMA:61971 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1559 TAO:0000229 The olfactory tract is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. It lies in the olfactory sulcus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe, and divides posteriorly into two striæ, a medial and a lateral. The lateral olfactory stria is directed across the lateral part of the anterior perforated substance and then bends abruptly medialward toward the uncus of the hippocampal gyrus. The medial olfactory stria turns medialward behind the parolfactory area and ends in the subcallosal gyrus; in some cases a small intermediate stria is seen running backward to the anterior perforated substance. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001888 UBERON:FMA_61971-ZFA_0000229 ZFA:0000229 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png lateral olfactory tract stria olfactoria lateralis tractus olfactorius lateralis uberon ZFA:0000229 tractus olfactorius lateralis The olfactory tract is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. It lies in the olfactory sulcus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe, and divides posteriorly into two striæ, a medial and a lateral. The lateral olfactory stria is directed across the lateral part of the anterior perforated substance and then bends abruptly medialward toward the uncus of the hippocampal gyrus. The medial olfactory stria turns medialward behind the parolfactory area and ends in the subcallosal gyrus; in some cases a small intermediate stria is seen running backward to the anterior perforated substance. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_olfactory_stria Wikipedia:Lateral_olfactory_stria stria olfactoria lateralis trunk of phrenic nerve EHDAA2:0001463 FMA:6198 MA:0001177 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001889 UBERON:FMA_6198-MA_0001177 phrenic nerve trunk phrenic neural trunk uberon forebrain AAO:0010147 BTO:0000478 EFO:0000909 EHDAA2:0000556 EHDAA:3470 EMAPA:16895 FMA:61992 MA:0000170 MAT:0000105 MESH:A.08.186.211.730 MIAA:0000105 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1509 SCTID:362291003 TAO:0000109 The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. UBERON:0001890 UBERON:FMA_61992-MA_0000170-MIAA_0000105-XAO_0000011-ZFA_0000109 VHOG:0000383 XAO:0000011 ZFA:0000109 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png ncithesaurus:Fore-Brain ncithesaurus:Prosencephalon prosencephalon uberon definitional The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Wikipedia:Forebrain ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 midbrain AAO:0010149 ABA:MB BM:MB BTO:0000138 EFO:0000919 EHDAA2:0001162 EHDAA:3694 EMAPA:16974 EV:0100242 Editors note: developmental relationships need revised FMA:61993 MA:0000207 MAT:0000106 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659 MIAA:0000106 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1667 OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the tectum, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum and cerebral aqueduct[FMA]. The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally[ZFA]. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 SCTID:279099009 TAO:0000128 UBERON:0001891 UBERON:FMA_61993-MA_0000207-MIAA_0000106-XAO_0000014-ZFA_0000128 VHOG:0000069 XAO:0000014 ZFA:0000128 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG mesencephalon midbrain vesicle ncithesaurus:Mesencephalon uberon definitional FMA:61993 GO:0030901 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the tectum, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum and cerebral aqueduct[FMA]. The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally[ZFA]. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. Wikipedia:Midbrain ZFIN:curator ABA definitional Wikipedia:Midbrain mesencephalon rhombomere A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure. In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29[WP]. EFO:0003617 EMAPA:16148 EMAPA:16478 MAT:0000272 MIAA:0000272 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000669 TAO:0001064 UBERON:0001892 UBERON:FMA_61998-MIAA_0000272-ZFA_0001064 VHOG:0000672 XAO:0004079 ZFA:0001064 future rhombencephalon hindbrain segment rhombomere segment of hindbrain uberon ZFA:0001064 hindbrain segment ZFA:0001064 segment of hindbrain MIAA:0000272 future rhombencephalon A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure. In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29[WP]. Wikipedia:Rhombomere ZFIN:curator telencephalon AAO:0010479 ABA:CH BM:Tel BTO:0000239 EFO:0000912 EHDAA2:0001982 EMAPA:16652 EMAPA:16910 EV:0100165 FMA:62000 GAID:621 MA:0000183 MAT:0000421 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885 MIAA:0000421 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1115 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA]. SCTID:263353005 TAO:0000079 The telencephalon is the name for a large region within the brain that is attributed many functions. Many people refer to it as the cerebrum; however, it is technically referred to as the telencephalon. As a more technical definition, the telencephalon refers to the cerebral hemispheres and other, smaller structures within the brain, although the telencephalon is one of the larger divisions (in terms of number). It is the anterior-most embryological division of the brain that develops from the prosencephalon. The telencephalon is composed of the following sub-regions; Limbic system; Cerebral cortex or cortices of the cerebral hemispheres, Basal ganglia, Olfactory bulb. The telencephalon comprises what most people think of as the 'brain' It lies on top of the brainstem and is the largest and most well-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The telencephalon is the newest structure in the phylogenetic sense, with mammals having the largest and most well-developed among all species. It emerges from the prosencephalon, the first of three vesicles that form from the embryonic neural tube (Christine Fennema-Notestine, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1115). UBERON:0001893 UBERON:FMA_6200-FMA_62000-MA_0000183-MIAA_0000421-XAO_0000012-ZFA_0000079 VHOG:0000283 XAO:0000012 ZFA:0000079 cerebrum endbrain telencephalon uberon definitional Swanson:2004 endbrain cerebrum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cerebrum FMA:62000 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA]. Wikipedia:Telencephalon diencephalon AAO:0010481 ABA:IB BM:Die BTO:0000342 EFO:0000911 EHDAA2:0000385 EHDAA:1969 EHDAA:2645 EHDAA:3472 EMAPA:16641 EMAPA:16896 EV:0100194 FMA:62001 GAID:618 MA:0000171 MAT:0000420 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385 MIAA:0000420 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1503 Note that in ABA, this is part of the brain stem OpenCyc:Mx4rwC-V0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus[FMA]. The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye cups, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis). <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> SCTID:279328001 TAO:0000101 UBERON:0001894 UBERON:FMA_62001-MA_0000171-MIAA_0000420-XAO_0000013-ZFA_0000101 VHOG:0000318 XAO:0000013 ZFA:0000101 between brain betweenbrain diencephalon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png interbrain mature diencephalon ncithesaurus:Diencephalon uberon BTO:0000342 betweenbrain Swanson:2004 interbrain definitional definitional FMA:62001 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus[FMA]. The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye cups, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis). <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> Wikipedia:Diencephalon ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Diencephalon diencephalon FMA:62001 mature diencephalon metencephalon BTO:0000673 EHDAA2:0001149 EHDAA:5498 EMAPA:17071 FMA:62003 GAID:594 MA:0000197 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_965 Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum. UBERON:0001895 UBERON:FMA_62003-MA_0000197 VHOG:0000741 epencephalon epencephalon-2 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png ncithesaurus:Epencephalon the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA]. uberon Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum. Wikipedia:Metencephalon definitional epencephalon ncithesaurus:Epencephalon FMA:62003 epencephalon-2 medulla oblongata AAO:0010486 ABA:MY BTO:0000041 EFO:0000924 EHDAA2:0001088 EHDAA:7588 EMAPA:17550 EV:0100275 FMA:62004 GAID:590 MA:0000206 MAT:0000111 MAT:0000367 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.406 MIAA:0000111 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_957 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. SCTID:279104005 TAO:0000545 UBERON:0001896 UBERON:FMA_62004-MA_0000206-MIAA_0000111-XAO_0003100-ZFA_0000545 VHOG:0000181 XAO:0003100 ZFA:0000545 bulb bulbus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg/200px-Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg medulla medulla oblonzata metepencephalon ncithesaurus:Medulla_Oblongata uberon FMA:62004 metepencephalon FMA:62004 GO:0021550 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata FMA:62004 FMA:TA bulbus ABA:MY medulla Wikipedia:Medulla_oblongata medulla oblonzata thalamus A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brains of vertebrates, including humans. It is situated between the cerebral cortex and midbrain, both in terms of location and neurological connections. Its function includes relaying sensation, special sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness. The thalamus surrounds the third ventricle. It is the main product of the embryonic diencephalon. AAO:0010483 ABA:TH AO notes: MA and ZFA think there is a distinct dorsal thalamus, but FMA says its an exact synonym. FMA has a distinct class for thalamic complex. BTO:0001365 EFO:0000910 EMAPA:17540 EV:0100195 FMA:62007 GAID:656 MA:0000179 MAT:0000109 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.826 MIAA:0000109 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_954 OpenCyc:Mx4rwMPQ65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244433007 TAO:0001215 UBERON:0001897 UBERON:FMA_62007-MA_0000179-MIAA_0000109-ZFA_0001215 VHOG:0000657 ZFA:0001215 dorsal thalamus dorsal thalamus (anthoney) galen:Thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brain_chrischan_thalamus.jpg/200px-Brain_chrischan_thalamus.jpg ncithesaurus:Thalamus thalamus dorsalis uberon BTO:0001365 thalamus dorsalis A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brains of vertebrates, including humans. It is situated between the cerebral cortex and midbrain, both in terms of location and neurological connections. Its function includes relaying sensation, special sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness. The thalamus surrounds the third ventricle. It is the main product of the embryonic diencephalon. Wikipedia:Thalamus Wikipedia:Thalamus thalamus dorsalis FMA:62007 dorsal thalamus (anthoney) FMA:62007 dorsal thalamus hypothalamus A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. AAO:0010484 ABA:HY BM:Die-Hy BTO:0000614 EFO:0000107 EHDAA2:0000802 EHDAA:5446 EMAPA:17536 EV:0100225 FMA:62008 GAID:460 MA:0000173 MAT:0000112 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.482 MIAA:0000112 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_734 OpenCyc:Mx4rwEgr9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:264483005 TAO:0000032 Taxon notes: all vertebrates contain a hypothalamus[WP]. UBERON:0001898 UBERON:FMA_62008-MA_0000173-MIAA_0000112-ZFA_0000032 VHOG:0000179 XAO:0004070 ZFA:0000032 galen:Hypothalamus hypothalamus ncithesaurus:Hypothalamus preoptico-hypothalamic area preoptico-hypothalamic region uberon A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Hypothalamus ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Hypothalamus hypothalamus epithalamus AAO:0010482 ABA:EPI BM:Die-Epi BTO:0000175 EFO:0000918 EHDAA2:0000448 EHDAA:5433 EMAPA:17532 EV:0100220 FMA:62009 GAID:455 MA:0000172 MAT:0000422 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.200 MIAA:0000422 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1710 OpenCyc:Mx4rvneLQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:281487003 TAO:0000509 The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle[GO]. a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon (a segment in the middle of the brain also containing the hypothalamus and the thalamus) which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body. Its function is the connection between the limbic system to other parts of the brain[WP] Some functions of its components include the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001899 UBERON:FMA_62009-MA_0000172-MIAA_0000422-ZFA_0000509 VHOG:0000178 ZFA:0000509 epithalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Epithalamus.png/200px-Epithalamus.png ncithesaurus:Epithalamus uberon The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle[GO]. a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon (a segment in the middle of the brain also containing the hypothalamus and the thalamus) which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body. Its function is the connection between the limbic system to other parts of the brain[WP] Some functions of its components include the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland. Wikipedia:Epithalamus Wikipedia:Epithalamus epithalamus subthalamus Anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis[GO]. BM:Die-VTh EHDAA2:0004470 EV:0100223 FMA:62010 GAID:653 MA:0000181 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.800 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_708 SCTID:279332007 TAO:0000458 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001900 UBERON:FMA_62010-MA_0000181-ZFA_0000458 ZFA:0000458 ncithesaurus:Ventral_Thalamus prethalamus subthalamic region thalamus ventralis uberon ventral thalamus Anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis[GO]. GO:0021539 Wikipedia:Subthalamus MA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_708 thalamus ventralis prethalamus epithelium of trachea BTO:0001389 EHDAA2:0002069 EHDAA:5007 EMAPA:16855 EMAPA:18409 FMA:62015 MA:0001862 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001901 UBERON:0003227 UBERON:FMA_62015-MA_0001862 VHOG:0001045 epithelial tissue of trachea epithelial tissue of windpipe epithelium of windpipe ncithesaurus:Tracheal_Epithelium trachea epithelial tissue trachea epithelium tracheal epithelium uberon windpipe epithelial tissue windpipe epithelium OBOL:automatic windpipe epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of trachea OBOL:automatic epithelium of windpipe OBOL:automatic windpipe epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic trachea epithelial tissue epithelium of small intestine An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. BTO:0001258 FMA:62017 MA:0001553 SCTID:45480009 TAO:0005127 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001902 UBERON:FMA_62017-MA_0001553 ZFA:0005127 epithelial tissue of small bowel epithelial tissue of small intestine epithelium of small bowel mid intestine epithelium small bowel epithelial tissue small bowel epithelium small intestinal epithelium small intestine epithelial tissue small intestine epithelium uberon An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel epithelium OBOL:automatic small bowel epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic small intestine epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of small bowel OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of small bowel ZFA:0005127 mid intestine epithelium thalamic reticular nucleus ABA:RT AO notes: only MA considers this part of a subthalamus; MA also considers a subthalamus part of a thalamus BM:Die-VTh-R EV:0100214 FMA:62026 MA:0000876 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1721 SCTID:279164008 The thalamic reticular nucleus is part of the ventral thalamus that forms a capsule around the thalamus laterally. It is separated from the thalamus by the external medullary lamina. Reticular cells are GABAergic, and have discoid dendritic arbors in the plane of the nucleus. Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is variously abbreviated TRN, RTN, NRT, and RT. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001903 UBERON:FMA_62026-MA_0000876 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Constudthal.gif/200px-Constudthal.gif nucleus reticularis thalami nucleus reticularis thalami reticular nuclear group reticular nucleus of thalamus reticular nucleus of the thalamus reticular nucleus-2 reticular thalamic nucleus uberon MA The thalamic reticular nucleus is part of the ventral thalamus that forms a capsule around the thalamus laterally. It is separated from the thalamus by the external medullary lamina. Reticular cells are GABAergic, and have discoid dendritic arbors in the plane of the nucleus. Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is variously abbreviated TRN, RTN, NRT, and RT. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thalamic_reticular_nucleus FMA:62026 FMA:TA nucleus reticularis thalami Wikipedia:Thalamic_reticular_nucleus nucleus reticularis thalami habenula BTO:0003684 EV:0100222 FMA:62032 GAID:619 Habenula is a segment of the epithalamus that has as its parts the lateral and medial habenular nuclei and the habenular commissure. // The habenula relays impulses from limbic areas of the telencephalon to an unpaired midbrain nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus. MA:0000830 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.200.360 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1611 SCTID:362389008 TAO:0000213 TODO - add separate term for nucleus (e.g. BTO:0003685 habenular nucleus) UBERON:0001904 UBERON:FMA_62032-MA_0000830-ZFA_0000213 ZFA:0000213 habenulae habenular nuclei habenular nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png uberon Habenula is a segment of the epithalamus that has as its parts the lateral and medial habenular nuclei and the habenular commissure. // The habenula relays impulses from limbic areas of the telencephalon to an unpaired midbrain nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus. Wikipedia:Habenula ZFIN:curator pineal body AAO:0010549 ABA:PIN AO notes: part of midbrain in HOG, but this is inconsistent with ABA. BM:P BTO:0001067 EFO:0000865 EHDAA2:0001466 EHDAA:7523 EMAPA:18778 EV:0100131 EV:0100221 FMA:62033 GAID:453 MA:0000175 MAT:0000448 MESH:A.06.407.635 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1184 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010009 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2FMGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181126002 TAO:0000019 The pineal body is an unpaired glandular organ subdivision shaped somewhat like a pine cone. It is attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus. UBERON:0001905 UBERON:FMA_62033-MA_0000175-XAO_0000160 VHOG:0000051 XAO:0000160 ZFA:0000019 corpus pineale epiphysis epiphysis cerebri galen:PinealGland glandula pinealis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg/200px-Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg ncithesaurus:Pineal_Gland pineal gland pineal organ uberon ZFA:0000019 pineal organ MA ZFA:0000019 epiphysis multiple FMA:62033 FMA:TA glandula pinealis FMA:62033 pineal gland FMA:TA glandula pinealis Wikipedia:Epiphysis_cerebri epiphysis cerebri FMA:62033 The pineal body is an unpaired glandular organ subdivision shaped somewhat like a pine cone. It is attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus. Wikipedia:Pineal_gland subthalamic nucleus ABA:STN BM:Die-Sb BTO:0002252 EFO:0001392 EV:0100224 FMA:62035 GAID:655 Luys' body MA:0000877 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.800.800 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010002 The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function[GO]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001906 UBERON:FMA_62035-MA_0000877 body of forel body of luys http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png/200px-Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png ncithesaurus:Subthalamic_Nucleus nucleus of corpus luysii nucleus of luys nucleus subthalamicus subthalamic nucleus (of luys) uberon Wikipedia:Subthalamic_nucleus nucleus subthalamicus BTO:0002252 nucleus subthalamicus BTO:0002252 Luys' body The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function[GO]. Wikipedia:Subthalamic_nucleus zona incerta ABA:ZI BM:Die-VTh-ZI BTO:0003146 FMA:62038 MA:0000878 SCTID:369186007 The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter cells in the subthalamus below the thalamus. Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord. Its function is unknown though several have been proposed related to “limbic–motor integration” such as controlling visceral activity and pain; gating sensory input and synchronizing cortical and subcortical brain rhythms. Its dysfunction may play a role in central pain syndrome. It is also been identified as a promising deep brain stimulation therapy target for treating Parkinsons Disease. Its existence was first described by Auguste Forel in 1877 as a “region of which nothing certain can be said”. A hundred and thirty years later in 2007, Nadia Urbain and Martin Deschênes of Université Laval noted that the “zona incerta is among the least studied regions of the brain; its name does not even appear in the index of many textbooks. ” [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001907 UBERON:FMA_62038-MA_0000878 uberon The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter cells in the subthalamus below the thalamus. Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord. Its function is unknown though several have been proposed related to “limbic–motor integration” such as controlling visceral activity and pain; gating sensory input and synchronizing cortical and subcortical brain rhythms. Its dysfunction may play a role in central pain syndrome. It is also been identified as a promising deep brain stimulation therapy target for treating Parkinsons Disease. Its existence was first described by Auguste Forel in 1877 as a “region of which nothing certain can be said”. A hundred and thirty years later in 2007, Nadia Urbain and Martin Deschênes of Université Laval noted that the “zona incerta is among the least studied regions of the brain; its name does not even appear in the index of many textbooks. ” [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Zona_incerta optic tract BM:Tel-OT Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF]. FMA:62046 GAID:735 MA:0001099 MESH:A.08.612.220.860 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1684 SCTID:280952003 TAO:0000252 UBERON:0001908 UBERON:FMA_62046-ZFA_0000252 VHOG:0001164 XAO:0004101 ZFA:0000252 editor note: relationships need checking by expert. NIF and ZFA both state part of diencepahalon; MA says part of optic nerve II. in uberon, CNS and PNS are spatially disjoint, and axon tracts are part of the CNS so we make the relationship to CNII 'continuous_with' http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gray773.png/200px-Gray773.png ncithesaurus:Optic_Tract optic lemniscus tractus opticus uberon visual pathway Wikipedia:Optic_tract tractus opticus Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF]. NIF_GrossAnatomy Wikipedia:Optic_tract ZFIN:curator GAID:735 visual pathway habenular commissure BM:Die-Epi-HC FMA:62048 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1609 SCTID:279335009 TAO:0000359 The habenular commissure, is a brain commissure (a band of nerve fibers) situated in front of the pineal gland that connects the habenular nucleus on one side of the diencephalon with that on the other side. The habernular commissure is part of the trigonum habenulæ (a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the tænia thalami). The trigonum habenulæ also contains groups of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulæ. Fibers enter the trigonum habenulæ from the stalk of the pineal gland, and the habenular commissure. Most of the trigonum habenulæ's fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion. Nerve cell fibers enter the trigonum habenulæ from the stalk of the pineal body, and the habernular commissure. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001909 UBERON:FMA_62048-ZFA_0000359 ZFA:0000359 commissura habenularum commissura habenularum commissure habenularum uberon The habenular commissure, is a brain commissure (a band of nerve fibers) situated in front of the pineal gland that connects the habenular nucleus on one side of the diencephalon with that on the other side. The habernular commissure is part of the trigonum habenulæ (a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the tænia thalami). The trigonum habenulæ also contains groups of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulæ. Fibers enter the trigonum habenulæ from the stalk of the pineal gland, and the habenular commissure. Most of the trigonum habenulæ's fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion. Nerve cell fibers enter the trigonum habenulæ from the stalk of the pineal body, and the habernular commissure. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Habenular_commissure MP:0008231 commissure habenularum ZFA:0000359 commissura habenularum Wikipedia:Habenular_commissure commissura habenularum medial forebrain bundle AO notes: a pathway in NCIT FMA:62064 GAID:736 MESH:A.08.612.492 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_908 TAO:0005111 The Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei, and passing to the lateral hypothalamus, with some carrying on into the tegmentum. It contains both ascending and descending fibers. It also represents a part of the mesolimbic pathway, carrying information between the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans report that MFB ICSS is intensely pleasurable. This is most likely because the medial forebrain bundle carries information from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (nAcc or Acb). The nAcc is a recognized reward center, and activation of the pathway from the VTA to the nAcc is believed to be rewarding, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the hedonic highway. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001910 UBERON:FMA_62064-ZFA_0005111 ZFA:0005111 fasciculus medialis telencephali medial forebrain fasciculus ncithesaurus:Medial_Forebrain_Bundle telencephalic medial fasciculus uberon The Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei, and passing to the lateral hypothalamus, with some carrying on into the tegmentum. It contains both ascending and descending fibers. It also represents a part of the mesolimbic pathway, carrying information between the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans report that MFB ICSS is intensely pleasurable. This is most likely because the medial forebrain bundle carries information from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (nAcc or Acb). The nAcc is a recognized reward center, and activation of the pathway from the VTA to the nAcc is believed to be rewarding, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the hedonic highway. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_forebrain_bundle Wikipedia:Medial_forebrain_bundle fasciculus medialis telencephali mammary gland BTO:0000817 Brustdruese EFO:0000854 EMAPA:17759 EV:0100125 MA:0000145 MAT:0000073 MESH:A.10.336.482 MIAA:0000073 Note that this class corresponds to the generic mammary gland. The human mammary gland is in the thoracic/breast region and is therefore covered by the subclass "thoracic mammary gland" // Males typically only have rudimentary mammary glands, The male Dayak fruit bat has lactating mammary glands. Male lactation occurs infrequently in some species. We make a part_of association to female organism for now as this is the canonical case OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjVq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361720005 The specialized accessory gland of the skin of female mammals that secretes milk. In the human female, it is a compound tubuloalveolar gland composed of 15 to 25 lobes arranged radially about the nipple and separated by connective and adipose tissue, each lobe having its own excretory (lactiferous) duct opening on the nipple. The lobes are subdivided into lobules, with the alveolar ducts and alveoli being the secretory portion of the gland[BTO]. The mouse forms five to six pairs of mammary glands that extend from the neck to the groin. UBERON:0001911 UBERON:FMA_62088-MA_0000145-MIAA_0000073-Mammary VHOG:0000398 dug glandula mammaria glandula mammaria http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Illu_breast_anatomy.jpg/200px-Illu_breast_anatomy.jpg lactiferous gland lobe of breast lobe of mammary gland mamma ncithesaurus:Mammary_Gland uberon Wikipedia:Mammary_gland glandula mammaria BTO:0000817 Brustdruese Wikipedia:Mammary_gland dug see notes BTO:0000817 mamma FMA:57983 FMA:TA glandula mammaria FMA:62088 lactiferous gland BTO:0000817 The specialized accessory gland of the skin of female mammals that secretes milk. In the human female, it is a compound tubuloalveolar gland composed of 15 to 25 lobes arranged radially about the nipple and separated by connective and adipose tissue, each lobe having its own excretory (lactiferous) duct opening on the nipple. The lobes are subdivided into lobules, with the alveolar ducts and alveoli being the secretory portion of the gland[BTO]. The mouse forms five to six pairs of mammary glands that extend from the neck to the groin. Wikipedia:Mammary_gland MA lobule of lactiferous gland BTO:0004718 FMA:62090 MA:0000793 Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct.[FMA] TODO - ensure correct terminology for lobes/lobules. FMA uses lobule for core term, but also has 'set of mammary gland lobes'. UBERON:0001912 UBERON:FMA_62090-MA_0000793 acinus of mammary gland breast lobe lactiferous acinus lactiferous gland lobule lactiferous lobule lobe of breast lobe of mammary gland lobi glandulae mammariae lobule of mammary gland lobus glandulae mammariae mammary acinus mammary gland lobule uberon BTO:0004718 lobus glandulae mammariae BTO:0004718 lobi glandulae mammariae BTO:0004718 lobe of breast BTO:0004718 breast lobe FMA:62090 Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct.[FMA] BTO:0004718 lobe of mammary gland milk AO notes: ncit:Milk refers specifically to cow milk BTO:0000868 ENVO:02000031 EV:0100126 FMA:62100 GAID:1230 MA:0002552 MAT:0000056 MESH:A.13.622 MIAA:0000056 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Secretion produced by the mammary gland.[FMA] UBERON:0001913 UBERON:FMA_62100-MA_0002552-MIAA_0000056 VHOG:0001263 galen:Milk mammary gland milk ncithesaurus:Breast_Fluid_or_Secretion uberon FMA:FMA Secretion produced by the mammary gland.[FMA] Wikipedia:Breast_milk colostrum AO notes: we follow in MA in making this is a sib of mammary gland milk, rather than a subclass. BTO:0000276 FMA:62101 GAID:1159 MA:0002551 MESH:A.12.200.194 The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates. UBERON:0001914 UBERON:FMA_62101-MA_0002551 ncithesaurus:Colostrum uberon MESH:A.12.200.194 The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Wikipedia:Colostrum endothelium of capillary An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Obol]. BTO:0004954 FMA:62114 MA:0000711 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001915 UBERON:FMA_62114-MA_0000711 blood capillary endothelium capillary endothelium capillary vessel endothelium endothelium of blood capillary endothelium of capillary vessel ncithesaurus:Capillary_Endothelium uberon OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium endothelium of arteriole An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Obol]. FMA:62115 MA:0000705 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001916 UBERON:FMA_62115-MA_0000705 arteriole endothelium ncithesaurus:Arteriole_Endothelium uberon An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic endothelium of artery AAO:0011013 An endothelium that is part of an artery [Obol]. BTO:0004757 FMA:62116 MA:0000707 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001917 UBERON:FMA_62116-MA_0000707-XAO_0000357 VHOG:0001215 XAO:0000357 arterial endothelium artery endothelium ncithesaurus:Artery_Endothelium uberon An endothelium that is part of an artery [Obol]. OBOL:automatic endothelium of venule An endothelium that is part of a venule [Obol]. FMA:62117 MA:0000716 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001918 UBERON:FMA_62117-MA_0000716 ncithesaurus:Venule_Endothelium uberon venule endothelium An endothelium that is part of a venule [Obol]. OBOL:automatic endothelium of vein AAO:0011110 An endothelium that is part of a vein [Obol]. BTO:0004756 FMA:62118 MA:0000712 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001919 UBERON:FMA_62118-MA_0000712 VHOG:0001216 XAO:0000358 ncithesaurus:Vein_Endothelium uberon vein endothelium venous endothelium An endothelium that is part of a vein [Obol]. OBOL:automatic paraventricular nucleus of thalamus ABA:PVT BM:Die-Th-Pa BTO:0002460 FMA:62152 MA:0000866 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_764 SCTID:369163000 The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001920 UBERON:FMA_62152-MA_0000866 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/PVNss.jpg/200px-PVNss.jpg nuclei paraventriculares thalami paraventricular gray paraventricular nuclei paraventricular nuclei of thalamus paraventricular thalamic nucleus uberon paraventricular nuclei of thalamus paraventricular nuclei FMA:62152 FMA:TA nuclei paraventriculares thalami Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle. FMA reuniens nucleus BTO:0002459 FMA:62153 MA:0000865 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_770 SCTID:369164006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001921 UBERON:FMA_62153-MA_0000865 medioventral nucleus nucleus reuniens reuniens thalamic nucleus uberon parafascicular nucleus ABA:PF BM:Die-Th-Pf EV:0100202 FMA:62166 MA:0000874 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 SCTID:279150008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001922 UBERON:FMA_62166-MA_0000874 ncithesaurus:Parafascicular_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus nuclei parafasciculares thalami nucleus parafascicularis nucleus parafascicularis (hassler) nucleus parafascicularis thalami parafascicular nucleus (vogt) parafascicular nucleus of thalamus parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus parafascicular thalamic nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 nucleus parafascicularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 nucleus parafascicularis (hassler) FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 nucleus parafascicularis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 nuclei parafasciculares thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 parafascicular nucleus (vogt) central medial nucleus ABA:CM BM:Die-CeM BTO:0003753 FMA:62171 MA:0000872 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971 SCTID:279161000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001923 UBERON:FMA_62171-MA_0000872 a small cell group in the interthalamic adhesion of the thalamus that occupy the midline region of the internal medullary lamina, between the left and right paracentral nuclei. central medial nucleus of thalamus central medial nucleus thalamus (rioch 1928) central medial thalamic nucleus nucleus centralis medialis nucleus centralis medialis thalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971 nucleus centralis medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971 nucleus centralis medialis thalami MP:0008929 a small cell group in the interthalamic adhesion of the thalamus that occupy the midline region of the internal medullary lamina, between the left and right paracentral nuclei. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971 central medial nucleus thalamus (rioch 1928) paracentral nucleus ABA:PCN BM:Die-Th-Pc EV:0100204 FMA:62172 MA:0000873 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981 SCTID:279152000 UBERON:0001924 UBERON:FMA_62172-MA_0000873 nucleus centralis lateralis superior (kusama) nucleus paracentral nucleus paracentral thalami nucleus paracentralis thalami one of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, located medial to the central lateral nucleus. paracentral nucleus of thalamus paracentral nucleus thalamus (gurdjian 1927) paracentral thalamic nucleus todo - relationships uberon FMA:62172 FMA:TA nucleus paracentralis thalami MP:0008928 one of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, located medial to the central lateral nucleus. FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981 nucleus centralis lateralis superior (kusama) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981 nucleus paracentral thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981 nucleus paracentral NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981 paracentral nucleus thalamus (gurdjian 1927) ventral lateral nucleus BM:Die-Th-VL BTO:0002463 FMA:62186 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 SCTID:279146001 TAO:0000306 The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001925 UBERON:FMA_62186-ZFA_0000306 ZFA:0000306 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png lateral ventral nucleus of thalamus ncithesaurus:Ventrolateral_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus nuclei ventrales laterales thalami nucleus ventralis intermedius nucleus ventralis lateralis nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami nucleus ventralis thalami lateralis nucleus ventrolateralis thalami uberon ventral lateral complex of thalamus ventral lateral nuclei of thalamus ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus ventral lateral thalamic nuclei ventral lateral thalamic nucleus ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus ventrolateral thalamic nucleus The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_lateral_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 nucleus ventralis lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 nucleus ventralis intermedius BTO:0002463 nuclei ventrales laterales thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 nucleus ventralis thalami lateralis BTO:0002463 ventral lateral nuclei of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 ventral lateral thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 nucleus ventrolateralis thalami lateral geniculate body BTO:0004366 BTO:0004367 EFO:0001988 EV:0100219 FMA:62209 MA:0000869 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1662 Note that BTO has distinct classes for body and nucleus, but other sources treat as identical SCTID:362377006 The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina[GO]. UBERON:0001926 UBERON:FMA_62209-MA_0000869 corpus geniculatum externum corpus geniculatum laterales external geniculate body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray719.png/200px-Gray719.png lateral geniculate complex lateral geniculate nucleus ncithesaurus:External_Geniculate_Body nucleus geniculatus lateralis uberon Wikipedia:Lateral_geniculate_nucleus external geniculate body NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1662 corpus geniculatum laterales FMA The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina[GO]. Wikipedia:Lateral_geniculate_body NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1662 nucleus geniculatus lateralis BTO:0004367 corpus geniculatum externum FMA medial geniculate body ABA:MG BM:Die-Th-MG BTO:0002674 EFO:0001968 EV:0100218 FMA:62211 MA:0000870 MGB NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1670 SCTID:362378001 The Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN) or Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC). It is made up of a number of sub-nuclei that are distinguished by their neuronal morphology and density, by their afferent and efferent connections, and by the coding properties of their neurons. It is thought that the MGB influences the direction and maintenance of attention. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001927 UBERON:FMA_62211-MA_0000870 corpus geniculatum mediale http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png internal geniculate body medial geniculate complex medial geniculate nuclei medial geniculate nucleus ncithesaurus:Internal_Geniculate_Body nuclei corporis geniculati medialis uberon internal geniculate body ncithesaurus:Internal_Geniculate_Body FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1670 corpus geniculatum mediale FMA BTO:0002674 MGB The Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN) or Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC). It is made up of a number of sub-nuclei that are distinguished by their neuronal morphology and density, by their afferent and efferent connections, and by the coding properties of their neurons. It is thought that the MGB influences the direction and maintenance of attention. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_geniculate_body FMA:62211 FMA:TA nuclei corporis geniculati medialis preoptic area Area of the forebrain anterior to the posterior tuberculum and the hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral thalamus[ZFA]. BM:Die-Hy-POA BTO:0001796 EFO:0002523 FMA:62313 GAID:644 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.342.450 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1706 SCTID:362382004 TAO:0000470 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001928 UBERON:FMA_62313-ZFA_0000470 ZFA:0000470 area hypothalamica rostralis area praeoptica area preoptica http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG preoptic hypothalamic area preoptic hypothalamic region preoptic nuclei preoptic region preoptic region of hypothalamus regio hypothalamica anterior uberon BTO:0001796 preoptic hypothalamic region Area of the forebrain anterior to the posterior tuberculum and the hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral thalamus[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Preoptic_area ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Preoptic_area area preoptica BTO:0001796 preoptic hypothalamic area BTO:0001796 area hypothalamica rostralis BTO:0001796 regio hypothalamica anterior supraoptic nucleus ABA:SO BM:Die-Hy-SON BTO:0002697 EFO:0002476 EV:0100227 FMA:62317 GAID:646 MA:0000849 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.342.650 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1411 SCTID:369130007 The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm. In humans, it contains about 3,000 neurons. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001929 UBERON:FMA_62317-MA_0000849 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/SONss.jpg/200px-SONss.jpg nucleus supraopticus nucleus supraopticus supra-optic nucleus supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus uberon ABA MA Wikipedia:Supraoptic_nucleus nucleus supraopticus FMA The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm. In humans, it contains about 3,000 neurons. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Supraoptic_nucleus https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3474225&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 BTO:0002697 nucleus supraopticus paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus ABA:PVH BM:Die-Hy-PAH BTO:0002476 EFO:0002469 EV:0100229 FMA:62320 GAID:643 MA:0000848 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.342.400 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1407 SCTID:369131006 The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a neuronal nucleus in the hypothalamus. It contains multiple subpopulations of neurons that are activated by a variety of stressful and/or physiological changes. Many PVH neurons project directly to the posterior pituitary where they release oxytocin or vasopressin into the general circulation. Other PVN neurons control various anterior pituitary functions, while still others directly regulate appetite and autonomic functions in the brainstem and spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001930 UBERON:FMA_62320-MA_0000848 filiform nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/PVNss.jpg/200px-PVNss.jpg nuclei paraventricularis hypothalami nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus paraventricular nucleus uberon The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a neuronal nucleus in the hypothalamus. It contains multiple subpopulations of neurons that are activated by a variety of stressful and/or physiological changes. Many PVH neurons project directly to the posterior pituitary where they release oxytocin or vasopressin into the general circulation. Other PVN neurons control various anterior pituitary functions, while still others directly regulate appetite and autonomic functions in the brainstem and spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Wikipedia:Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus nuclei paraventricularis hypothalami BTO:0002476 nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami lateral preoptic nucleus ABA:LPO BM:Die-Hy-LPO FMA:62326 MA:0000835 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1722 SCTID:369129002 The lateral preoptic nucleus is lateral to the medial preoptic nucleus. It also mediates non-REM sleep onset.[WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001931 UBERON:FMA_62326-MA_0000835 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG lateral preoptic area lateral preoptic hypothalamic nucleus uberon The lateral preoptic nucleus is lateral to the medial preoptic nucleus. It also mediates non-REM sleep onset.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Preoptic_area#Lateral_preoptic_nucleus arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus ABA:ARH BM:HAr BTO:0002473 EV:0100230 FMA:62329 GAID:647 MA:0000847 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.352.081 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1638 The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: Neuroendocrine neurons, Centrally-projecting neurons and Others. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001932 UBERON:FMA_62329-MA_0000847 arcuate hypothalamic nucleus arcuate nucleus arcuate nucleus-2 arcuate periventricular nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG infundibular hypothalamic nucleus infundibular nucleus infundibular periventricular nucleus ncithesaurus:Arcuate_Nucleus nucleus arcuatus nucleus arcuatus hypothalami nucleus infundibularis nucleus semilunaris uberon BTO:0002473 nucleus arcuatus hypothalami The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: Neuroendocrine neurons, Centrally-projecting neurons and Others. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Arcuate_nucleus BTO:0002473 nucleus semilunaris Wikipedia:Arcuate_nucleus nucleus arcuatus hypothalami BTO:0002473 nucleus infundibularis FMA:62329 FMA:TA nucleus arcuatus retrochiasmatic area ABA:RCH FMA:62330 MA:0000841 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1569 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001933 UBERON:FMA_62330-MA_0000841 retrochiasmatic region uberon dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus ABA:DMH BM:Die-Hy-DMH BTO:0002474 EV:0100232 FMA:62331 GAID:648 MA:0000838 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.352.270 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1558 SCTID:369134003 The Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, and body weight regulation. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001934 UBERON:FMA_62331-MA_0000838 dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsomedial nucleus of dorsal hypothalamus dorsomedial nucleus of intermediate hypothalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalamicae intermediae uberon The Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, and body weight regulation. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus FMA FMA BTO:0002474 nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalamicae intermediae MA Wikipedia:Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalamicae intermediae ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus ABA:VMH BM:VMH BTO:0002472 EV:0100233 FMA:62332 GAID:650 MA:0000845 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.352.953 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1572 SCTID:369124007 The ventromedial nucleus (sometimes referred to as the ventromedial hypothalamus) is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001935 UBERON:FMA_62332-MA_0000845 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami part of tuberal area in MA uberon ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus ventrolateral nucleus of hypothalamus ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus. FMA BTO:0002472 nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami FMA BTO:0002472 ventrolateral nucleus of hypothalamus BTO:0002472 ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus. BTO:0002472 ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus The ventromedial nucleus (sometimes referred to as the ventromedial hypothalamus) is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventromedial_hypothalamic_nucleus tuberomammillary nucleus ABA:TM EV:0100237 FMA:62335 MA:0000853 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271 SCTID:369122006 The tuberomammillary nucleus is a subnucleus of the posterior third of the hypothalamus. It consists of, largely, histaminergic and is involved with the control of arousal, sleep and circadian rhythm. Axons of the tuberomammillary nucleus project primarily to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus. The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001936 UBERON:FMA_62335-MA_0000853 caudal magnocellular nucleus mammilloinfundibular nucleus mammiloinfundibular nucleus tuberomamillary nucleus tuberomammillary hypothalamic nucleus uberon EV:0100237 tuberomamillary nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271 mammiloinfundibular nucleus The tuberomammillary nucleus is a subnucleus of the posterior third of the hypothalamus. It consists of, largely, histaminergic and is involved with the control of arousal, sleep and circadian rhythm. Axons of the tuberomammillary nucleus project primarily to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus. The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tuberomammillary_nucleus lateral hypothalamic nucleus EV:0100234 FMA:62337 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1199 SCTID:360452004 TAO:0000227 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001937 UBERON:FMA_62337-ZFA_0000227 ZFA:0000227 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG uberon lateral mammillary nucleus ABA:LM EV:0100239 FMA:62341 MA:0000850 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1460 SCTID:369143007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001938 UBERON:FMA_62341-MA_0000850 lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus lateral nucleus of mammillary body nucleus mammillaris lateralis uberon FMA:62341 FMA:TA nucleus mammillaris lateralis medial mammillary nucleus ABA:MM EV:0100238 FMA:62342 MA:0000851 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1299 SCTID:369141009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001939 UBERON:FMA_62342-MA_0000851 internal mammillary nucleus medial nucleus of mammillary body nucleus mammillaris medialis uberon FMA:62342 FMA:TA nucleus mammillaris medialis supramammillary nucleus ABA:SUM FMA:62347 MA:0000852 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1479 SCTID:369144001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001940 UBERON:FMA_62347-MA_0000852 uberon lateral habenular nucleus ABA:LH BM:Die-Epi-Hl BTO:0002699 FMA:62372 MA:0000831 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438 SCTID:361538005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001941 UBERON:FMA_62372-MA_0000831 lateral habenula nucleus habenulae lateralis nucleus habenularis lateralis nucleus habenularis lateralis epithalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438 nucleus habenulae lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438 nucleus habenularis lateralis epithalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438 nucleus habenularis lateralis medial habenular nucleus ABA:MH BM:Die-Epi-HM BTO:0003686 FMA:62373 MA:0000832 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001942 UBERON:FMA_62373-MA_0000832 medial habenula nucleus habenulae medialis nucleus habenularis medialis nucleus habenularis medialis (hassler) nucleus habenularis medialis epithalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431 nucleus habenulae medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431 nucleus habenularis medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431 nucleus habenularis medialis epithalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431 nucleus habenularis medialis (hassler) midbrain tegmentum BTO:0003388 EFO:0000921 EHDAA2:0004475 EMAPA:18215 FMA:62393 MA:0000212 MAT:0000452 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1200 SCTID:362392007 Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle.[FMA] TAO:0000160 Tegmentum Mesencephali This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001943 UBERON:FMA_62393-MA_0000212-ZFA_0001354 VHOG:0001367 ZFA:0000160 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gray712.png/200px-Gray712.png mesencephalic tegmentum tegmentum tegmentum mesencephali tegmentum of midbrain uberon FMA:62393 FMA:TA tegmentum mesencephali FMA:FMA Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle.[FMA] Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum Tegmentum Mesencephali Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum pretectal region ABA:PRT BM:MB-Tec-PT FMA:62402 MA:0001062 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_703 Region between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum[pub]. It receives binocular sensory input from retinal ganglion cells of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:416333003 TAO:0000418 UBERON:0001944 UBERON:FMA_62402-MA_0001062-ZFA_0000418 ZFA:0000418 area pretectalis nuclei pretectales part of diencephalon in ZFA - modify to adjacent here, supported by pub pretectal area pretectal nuclei pretectum uberon FMA FMA:62402 FMA:TA area pretectalis ISBN10:0471888893 ISBN10:0471888893 Region between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum[pub]. It receives binocular sensory input from retinal ganglion cells of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pretectum FMA:62402 FMA:TA nuclei pretectales superior colliculus AAO:0010609 BM:MB-Tec-SC BTO:0000965 EFO:0002474 EV:0100245 FMA:62403 GAID:576 MA:0001068 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.237.816 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1040 Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of superior colliculus [Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM)]. TAO:0000445 The term SC is used when discussing mammals, and OT for other vertebrates[WP]. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that vary by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems.[1] The optic tectum is one of the fundamental components of the vertebrate brain, existing across the full range of species from hagfish to human.[4] (See the brain article for background.) Some aspects of the structure are very consistent, including a structure composed of a number of layers, with a dense input from the optic nerve to the superficial layers and another strong input conveying somatosensory input to deeper layers. Other aspects are highly variable, such as the total number of layers (from 3 in the African lungfish to 15 in the goldfish[5]), and the number of different types of cells (from 2 in the lungfish to 27 in the house sparrow[5]). In hagfish, lamprey, and shark it is a relatively small structure, but in teleost fish it is greatly expanded, in some cases becoming the largest structure in the brain. (See the adjoining drawing of a codfish brain.) In amphibians, reptiles, and especially birds it is also a very significant component, but in mammals it is dwarfed by the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex. UBERON:0001945 UBERON:FMA_62403-MA_0001068-ZFA_0000445 XAO:0003226 ZFA:0000445 anterior colliculus anterior corpus quadrigeminum corpora bigemina cranial colliculus dorsal midbrain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png optic lobe optic tectum optic tectum tectal lobe tectum tectum opticum uberon Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus ZFA:0000445 optic tectum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1040 Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of superior colliculus [Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM)]. Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus inferior colliculus ABA:IC EFO:0002465 EV:0100246 FMA:62404 GAID:575 MA:0001067 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.237.364 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_806 The inferior colliculi together with the superior colliculi form the eminences of the corpora quadrigemina, and also part of the tectal region of the midbrain. The inferior colliculus lies caudal to its counterpart - the superior colliculus - above the trochlear nerve, and at the base of the projection of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subnuclei. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001946 UBERON:FMA_62404-MA_0001067 caudal colliculus colliculus inferior inferior colliculi posterior colliculus posterior corpus quadrigeminum uberon EV:0100246 inferior colliculi The inferior colliculi together with the superior colliculi form the eminences of the corpora quadrigemina, and also part of the tectal region of the midbrain. The inferior colliculus lies caudal to its counterpart - the superior colliculus - above the trochlear nerve, and at the base of the projection of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subnuclei. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_colliculus Wikipedia:Inferior_colliculus colliculus inferior red nucleus ABA:RN BM:MB-RN EHDAA2:0004706 EV:0100248 FMA:62407 GAID:586 MA:0001063 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.822.642 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1478 SCTID:279287006 The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. It comprises a caudal magnocellular and a rostral parvocellular part. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001947 UBERON:FMA_62407-MA_0001063 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png nucleus ruber uberon FMA The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. It comprises a caudal magnocellular and a rostral parvocellular part. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Red_nucleus Wikipedia:Red_nucleus nucleus ruber regional part of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1496 SCTID:244437008 UBERON:0001948 UBERON:FMA_62420-ZFA_0001332 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Part spinal cord part spinal neuromere spinal neuromeres uberon gingival epithelium A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO]. BTO:0004998 FMA:62423 MA:0001576 UBERON:0001949 UBERON:FMA_62423-MA_0001576 epithelial tissue of gingiva epithelium of gingiva gingiva epithelial tissue gingiva epithelium ncithesaurus:Gingival_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic gingiva epithelial tissue A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO]. BTO:0004998 OBOL:automatic gingiva epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gingiva neocortex ABA:Isocortex BTO:0000920 EHDAA2:0004662 FMA:62429 GAID:677 MA:0002754 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.420 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2547 The neocortex is a part of the brain of mammals. It is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, and made up of six layers, labelled I to VI (with VI being the innermost and I being the outermost). The neocortex is part of the cerebral cortex (along with the archicortex and paleocortex, which are cortical parts of the limbic system). It is involved in higher functions such as sensory perception, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, conscious thought and, in humans, language. Other names for the neocortex include neopallium and isocortex ('equal rind'). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001950 UBERON:FMA_62429-MA_0002754 cerebral neocortex homogenetic cortex homotypical cortex isocortex isocortex (sensu lato) neopallial cortex neopallium nonolfactory cortex uberon FMA:62429 isocortex (sensu lato) BTO:0000920 nonolfactory cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2547 homotypical cortex The neocortex is a part of the brain of mammals. It is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, and made up of six layers, labelled I to VI (with VI being the innermost and I being the outermost). The neocortex is part of the cerebral cortex (along with the archicortex and paleocortex, which are cortical parts of the limbic system). It is involved in higher functions such as sensory perception, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, conscious thought and, in humans, language. Other names for the neocortex include neopallium and isocortex ('equal rind'). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Neocortex epithelium of nasopharynx An epithelium that is part of a nasopharynx [Obol]. BTO:0004480 EHDAA2:0001241 EHDAA:7090 EMAPA:17672 FMA:62452 MA:0001865 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001951 UBERON:0003237 UBERON:FMA_62452-MA_0001865 VHOG:0001038 epithelial tissue of nasal part of pharynx epithelial tissue of nasopharynx epithelial tissue of rhinopharynx epithelium of nasal part of pharynx epithelium of rhinopharynx nasal part of pharynx epithelial tissue nasal part of pharynx epithelium nasopharynx epithelial tissue nasopharynx epithelium ncithesaurus:Nasopharynx_Epithelium rhinopharynx epithelial tissue rhinopharynx epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic epithelium of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic nasopharynx epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a nasopharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx epithelium OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nasopharynx epithelium of oropharynx An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004083 FMA:62453 MA:0001605 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001952 UBERON:FMA_62453-MA_0001605 ncithesaurus:Oropharynx_Epithelium oropharynx epithelial tissue oropharynx epithelium uberon EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic oropharynx epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001605 oropharynx epithelium presubiculum ABA:PRE Area 27 of Brodmann-1909 is a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus of the guenon (Brodmann-1909). It is commonly regarded as a synonym of presubiculum (Crosby-62). [WP,unvetted]. BM:Tel-Cx-PSB Brodmann area 27 FMA:62486 MA:0000923 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1108 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001953 UBERON:FMA_62486-MA_0000923 area 27 of Brodmann http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_27.png/200px-Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_27.png presubiculum (cajal) uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1108 presubiculum (cajal) Area 27 of Brodmann-1909 is a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus of the guenon (Brodmann-1909). It is commonly regarded as a synonym of presubiculum (Crosby-62). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_27 Ammon's horn A paired structure, with mirror-image halves in the left and right sides of the brain. The hippocampus is closely associated with the cerebral cortex, and in primates is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It is shaped like a curved tube[WP]. ABA:CA Ammon's horn BM:Tel-CAM BTO:0003705 EFO:0000530 EHDAA2:0004443 EMAPA:19039 EMAPA:19148 EV:0100180 FMA:62493 GAID:623 MA:0000191 MAT:0000114 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.405 MIAA:0000114 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_721 OpenCyc:Mx4rv3piFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001954 UBERON:0003940 UBERON:0004165 UBERON:FMA_62493-MA_0000191-MIAA_0000114 VHOG:0001177 WP: Non-mammalian species do not have a brain structure that looks like the mammalian hippocampus, but they have one that is considered homologous to it. The hippocampus, as pointed out above, is essentially the medial edge of the cortex. Only mammals have a fully developed cortex, but the structure it evolved from, called the pallium, is present in all vertebrates, even the most primitive ones such as the lamprey or hagfish.[82] The pallium is usually divided into three zones: medial, lateral, and dorsal. The medial pallium forms the precursor of the hippocampus. It does not resemble the hippocampus visually, because the layers are not warped into an S shape or enwrapped by the dentate gyrus, but the homology is indicated by strong chemical and functional affinities. There is now evidence that these hippocampal-like structures are involved in spatial cognition in birds, reptiles, and fish. In birds, the correspondence is sufficiently well established that most anatomists refer to the medial pallial zone as the "avian hippocampus". The story for fish is more complex. In teleost fish (which make up the great majority of existing species), the forebrain is distorted in comparison to other types of vertebrates: most neuroanatomists believe that the teleost forebrain is essentially everted, like a sock turned inside-out, so that structures that lie in the interior, next to the ventricles, for most vertebrates, are found on the outside in teleost fish, and vice versa.[86] One of the consequences of this is that the medial pallium ("hippocampal" zone) of a typical vertebrate is thought to correspond to the lateral pallium of a typical fish. Several types of fish (particularly goldfish) have been shown experimentally to have strong spatial memory abilities, even forming "cognitive maps" of the areas they inhabit.[80] There is evidence that damage to the lateral pallium impairs spatial memory. ammon gyrus ammon horn cornu ammonis hippocampus hippocampus major hippocampus proper hippocampus proprius http://scalablebrainatlas.incf.org/services/thumbnail.php?template=ABA07&size=L&dim=2d3d&format=png&region=CA ncithesaurus:Cornu_Ammonis ncithesaurus:Hippocampus uberon A paired structure, with mirror-image halves in the left and right sides of the brain. The hippocampus is closely associated with the cerebral cortex, and in primates is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It is shaped like a curved tube[WP]. Wikipedia:Hippocampus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_721 ammon horn FMA:62493 FMA:TA hippocampus proprius ABA MA:0000191 hippocampus Ammon's horn GO:0021541 GO:0021541 cornu ammonis FMA FMA GO:0021541 ammon gyrus epithelium of respiratory bronchiole An epithelium that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:62498 MA:0001773 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001955 UBERON:FMA_62498-MA_0001773 bronchiolus respiratorius epithelial tissue bronchiolus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of bronchiolus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory bronchiole epithelium of bronchiolus respiratorius ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Bronchiole_Epithelium respiratory bronchiole epithelial tissue respiratory bronchiole epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic respiratory bronchiole epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of bronchiolus respiratorius OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of respiratory bronchiole OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchiolus respiratorius An epithelium that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius epithelium OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius epithelial tissue cartilage of bronchus FMA:62649 MA:0001835 SCTID:278980009 UBERON:0001956 UBERON:FMA_62649-MA_0001835 bronchi cartilage bronchial cartilage bronchial cartilage ring bronchial trunk cartilage bronchus cartilage cartilage of bronchi cartilage of bronchial trunk cartilagines bronchiales ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Cartilage the hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]. uberon MP:0010988 the hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]. OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk cartilage OBOL:automatic bronchi cartilage MP cartilagines bronchiales OBOL:automatic cartilage of bronchi MP:0010988 bronchial cartilage ring OBOL:automatic cartilage of bronchial trunk submucosa of bronchus A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. BTO:0002108 FMA:62653 MA:0001837 SCTID:85546005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001957 UBERON:FMA_62653-MA_0001837 bronchi submucosa bronchial submucosa bronchial trunk submucosa bronchus submucosa ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Submucosa submucosa of bronchi submucosa of bronchial trunk uberon OBOL:automatic bronchi submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of bronchial trunk A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk submucosa epithelium of terminal bronchiole An epithelium that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:62794 MA:0001774 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001958 UBERON:FMA_62794-MA_0001774 bronchiolus terminalis epithelial tissue bronchiolus terminalis epithelium epithelial tissue of bronchiolus terminalis epithelial tissue of terminal bronchiole epithelium of bronchiolus terminalis ncithesaurus:Terminal_Bronchiole_Epithelium terminal bronchiole epithelial tissue terminal bronchiole epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchiolus terminalis OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of bronchiolus terminalis OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis epithelium OBOL:automatic terminal bronchiole epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of terminal bronchiole An epithelium that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic white pulp of spleen FMA:62805 MA:0000762 The white pulp contains T cells, B cells and accessory cells. The function of the white pulp is to mount an immunological response to antigens within the blood. The white pulp is present in the form of a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath. This sheath contains B cell follicles and T cells. At the edge of the T zone is a region known as the marginal zone where larger lymphocytes and antigen presenting dendritic cells are located. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001959 UBERON:FMA_62805-MA_0000762 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1191.png/200px-Gray1191.png ncithesaurus:Splenic_White_Pulp noduli lymphoidei splenici pulpa alba spleen white pulp splenic white pulp uberon white pulp The white pulp contains T cells, B cells and accessory cells. The function of the white pulp is to mount an immunological response to antigens within the blood. The white pulp is present in the form of a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath. This sheath contains B cell follicles and T cells. At the edge of the T zone is a region known as the marginal zone where larger lymphocytes and antigen presenting dendritic cells are located. Wikipedia:White_pulp FMA:62805 FMA:TA pulpa alba Wikipedia:White_pulp noduli lymphoidei splenici periarterial lymphatic sheath AO notes: FMA distinguishes periarterial (PALS) from periarteriolar (FMA:62806) FMA:62810 MA:0000765 PALS T cell domain of the splenic white pulp UBERON:0001960 UBERON:FMA_62810-MA_0000765 periarterial lymphoid sheath periarteriolar sheath spleen periarteriolar lymphatic sheath splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath the area of the spleen in which T cells surround the central arteriole uberon MP:0002358 splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath MP:0002358 periarteriolar sheath MP:0002358 the area of the spleen in which T cells surround the central arteriole MP:0002358 T cell domain of the splenic white pulp MP:0002358 PALS mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue FMA:62819 MA:0000140 MALT This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001961 UBERON:FMA_62819-MA_0000140 diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]. epithelio-lymphoid tissue mucosa associated lymphatic tissue mucosa associated lymphoid tissue mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue ncithesaurus:Mucosa-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue uberon GO:0048537 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue GO:0048537 mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]. GO:0048537 mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue gut-associated lymphoid tissue FMA:62820 GALT MA:0000136 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]. UBERON:0001962 UBERON:FMA_62820-MA_0000136 gut associated lymphoid tissue ncithesaurus:Gut_Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue uberon Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]. Wikipedia:Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue BALT FMA:62821 MA:0000135 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001963 UBERON:FMA_62821-MA_0000135 bronchus associated lymphoid tissue ncithesaurus:Bronchus-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue uberon least splanchnic nerve EMAPA:29691 FMA:6283 MA:0002635 SCTID:280506004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and visceral afferent fibers. There are three main thoracic splanchnic nerves: The nerve's origins can be remembered by the '4-3-2 rule', accounting for the number of ganglia giving rise to each nerve. However, different sources define the nerves in different ways, so this rule may not always be reliable. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001964 UBERON:FMA_6283-MA_0002635 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png least thoracic splanchnic nerve lowest splanchnic nerve nervus splanchnicus imus ramus renalis nervus splanchnici minoris renal branch of lesser splanchnic nerve renal nerve uberon FMA:6283 FMA:TA nervus splanchnicus imus FMA:6283 FMA:TA ramus renalis nervus splanchnici minoris Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and visceral afferent fibers. There are three main thoracic splanchnic nerves: The nerve's origins can be remembered by the '4-3-2 rule', accounting for the number of ganglia giving rise to each nerve. However, different sources define the nerves in different ways, so this rule may not always be reliable. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracic_splanchnic_nerves MA substantia nigra pars compacta ABA:SNc BM:MB-SNc BTO:0003749 FMA:62907 MA:0001064 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990 Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of a densely packed region of cells, more or less dorsal to the pars reticulata, but extending into the pars reticulata in some species. The dominant neurotransmitter used by pars compacta neurons is dopamine. Pars compacta neurons are pigmented in many species (MM)[NIF]. SNpc This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001965 UBERON:FMA_62907-MA_0001064 compact part of substantia nigra ncithesaurus:Pars_Compacta pars compacta pars compacta substantiae nigrae substantia nigra compact part substantia nigra compacta substantia nigra, compact part uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990 Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of a densely packed region of cells, more or less dorsal to the pars reticulata, but extending into the pars reticulata in some species. The dominant neurotransmitter used by pars compacta neurons is dopamine. Pars compacta neurons are pigmented in many species (MM)[NIF]. Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra_pars_compacta NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990 substantia nigra compact part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990 substantia nigra compacta FMA:62907 FMA:TA pars compacta substantiae nigrae substantia nigra pars reticulata ABA:SNr BM:MB-SNr BTO:0003750 FMA:62908 MA:0001066 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_968 Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM)[NLex]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001966 UBERON:FMA_62908-MA_0001066 pars reticularis substantiae nigrae pars reticulata reticular part of substantia nigra substantia nigra, reticular part uberon FMA:62908 FMA:TA pars reticularis substantiae nigrae Neurolex:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM)[NLex]. Wikipedia:Pars_reticulata reticular lamina FMA:62924 UBERON:0001967 UBERON:FMA_62924-MA_0001194 a thin extracellular layer that sometimes lies below the basal lamina, is composed chiefly of collagenous fibers, and serves to anchor the basal lamina to underlying connective tissue. fibroreticular lamina lamina fibroreticularis reticular membrane todo - use GO? uberon Wikipedia:Reticular_lamina a thin extracellular layer that sometimes lies below the basal lamina, is composed chiefly of collagenous fibers, and serves to anchor the basal lamina to underlying connective tissue. http://mw1.merriam-webster.com/medical/reticular%20lamina FMA FMA semen BTO:0001230 Body substance which consists of spermatozoa and seminal plasma.[FMA] FMA:62966 GAID:1169 MA:0002522 MESH:A.12.200.732 OpenCyc:Mx4rvgC-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Taxon notes: Note that in this ontology, semen is defined as the sum of sperm and seminal fluid, where seminal fluid is defined a taxonomically generic way (see comments for UBERON:0006530). UBERON:0001968 UBERON:FMA_62966-MA_0002522 UBERON:FMA_62967-MA_0002523-MIAA_0000057 UBERON:FMA_62969-MA_0002526 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Human_semen_in_petri_dish2.jpg/180px-Human_semen_in_petri_dish2.jpg ncithesaurus:Male_Genital_System_Fluid_or_Secretion ncithesaurus:Semen uberon Body substance which consists of spermatozoa and seminal plasma.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Semen blood plasma BTO:0000131 Body substance in liquid state contained in the lumen of arterial and venous trees, blood capillary and the cardiac chambers; constitutes the liquid phase of blood.[FMA] EFO:0001905 FMA:62970 GAID:1178 MA:0002501 MAT:0000052 MESH:A.12.207.152.693 MIAA:0000052 OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw UBERON:0001969 UBERON:FMA_62970-MA_0002501-MIAA_0000052 ncithesaurus:Plasma plasma portion of blood plasma portion of plasma uberon Body substance in liquid state contained in the lumen of arterial and venous trees, blood capillary and the cardiac chambers; constitutes the liquid phase of blood.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Blood_plasma bile BTO:0000121 ENVO:02000023 FMA:62971 GAID:1157 MA:0002513 MESH:A.12.200.087 UBERON:0001970 UBERON:FMA_62971-MA_0002513 a bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. Bile is a composition of the following materials: water (85%), bile salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%) and cholesterol (0.3%)[WP]. fel galen:Bile gall ncithesaurus:Bile uberon BTO:0000121 fel BTO:0000121 gall Wikipedia:Bile a bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. Bile is a composition of the following materials: water (85%), bile salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%) and cholesterol (0.3%)[WP]. gastric juice . BTO:0000501 FMA:62972 GAID:1160 MA:0002519 MESH:A.12.200.307 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001971 UBERON:FMA_62972-MA_0002519 galen:GastricJuice stomach secretion succus gastricus uberon BTO:0000501 succus gastricus . Wikipedia:Gastric_juice submucosa of esophagus A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. BTO:0002109 FMA:62997 MA:0002724 SCTID:362128009 UBERON:0001972 UBERON:FMA_62997-MA_0002724 esophageal submucosa esophagus submucosa gullet submucosa oesophagus submucosa submucosa of esophagus submucosa of gullet submucosa of oesophagus tela submucosa oesophageae uberon FMA:62997 FMA:TA tela submucosa oesophageae OBOL:automatic submucosa of gullet OBOL:automatic gullet submucosa A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus submucosa substance of tooth Body substance in solid state produced by odontoblasts, amyloblasts or cementoblasts.[FMA] FMA:63001 MA:0002540 UBERON:0001973 UBERON:FMA_63001-MA_0002540 note the asserted dual parentage. This is deliberate, pending better definitions of the distinction between substance and tissue portion of substance of tooth tooth substance uberon FMA:63001 portion of substance of tooth Body substance in solid state produced by odontoblasts, amyloblasts or cementoblasts.[FMA] FMA:63001 lamina propria of esophagus A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. EMAPA:26987 EMAPA:27003 FMA:63050 MA:0001568 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001974 UBERON:FMA_63050-MA_0001568 esophagus lamina propria esophagus lamina propria mucosa esophagus lamina propria mucosae gullet lamina propria gullet lamina propria mucosa gullet lamina propria mucosae lamina propria mucosa of esophagus lamina propria mucosa of gullet lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus lamina propria mucosae of esophagus lamina propria mucosae of gullet lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus lamina propria of gullet lamina propria of oesophagus ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Lamina_Propria oesophagus lamina propria oesophagus lamina propria mucosa oesophagus lamina propria mucosae uberon OBOL:automatic gullet lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of esophagus OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus OBOL:automatic gullet lamina propria OBOL:automatic esophagus lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic oesophagus lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic esophagus lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of gullet OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus lamina propria mucosa A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lamina propria of oesophagus OBOL:automatic lamina propria of gullet OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of gullet OBOL:automatic gullet lamina propria mucosae serosa of esophagus A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. FMA:63057 MA:0001571 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001975 UBERON:FMA_63057-MA_0001571 esophagus serosa esophagus serous membrane gullet serosa gullet serous membrane oesophagus serosa oesophagus serous membrane serosa of abdominal part of esophagus serosa of gullet serosa of oesophagus serous coat of oesophagus serous membrane of esophagus serous membrane of gullet serous membrane of oesophagus tunica serosa oesophageae uberon OBOL:automatic serous membrane of oesophagus OBOL:automatic gullet serous membrane OBOL:automatic oesophagus serous membrane OBOL:automatic esophagus serous membrane A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:63057 FMA:TA tunica serosa oesophageae OBOL:automatic serosa of gullet OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gullet OBOL:automatic gullet serosa OBOL:automatic serous membrane of esophagus epithelium of esophagus BTO:0001578 EFO:0003041 EHDAA2:0001287 EMAPA:16835 FMA:63063 MA:0001565 TAO:0001499 UBERON:0001976 UBERON:FMA_63063-MA_0001565-ZFA_0001499 ZFA:0001499 epithelial tissue of esophagus epithelial tissue of gullet epithelial tissue of oesophagus epithelium of gullet epithelium of oesophagus esophageal epithelium esophagus epithelial tissue esophagus epithelium gullet epithelial tissue gullet epithelium ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Epithelium oesophagus epithelial tissue oesophagus epithelium todo check epithelium types: in FMA: Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; mouse has basal and squamous subtypes; in ZFA it is columnar uberon OBOL:automatic epithelium of oesophagus OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gullet FMA OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gullet epithelium OBOL:automatic esophagus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gullet epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of esophagus OBOL:automatic epithelium of gullet serum BTO:0000133 BTO:0001239 Body substance derived from plasma by the elimination of fibrinogen.[FMA] FMA:63083 MA:0002502 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001977 UBERON:FMA_63083-MA_0002502 blood serum ncithesaurus:Serum uberon Body substance derived from plasma by the elimination of fibrinogen.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Serum parenchyma of pancreas FMA:63120 MA:0000724 SCTID:371401008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001978 UBERON:FMA_63120-MA_0000724 VHOG:0001430 pancreas parenchyma pancreatic parenchyma uberon venule BTO:0002626 FMA:63130 MA:0000071 MESH:A.07.231.432.952 SCTID:341687009 Subdivision of venous tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the capillary vessel. TAO:0005315 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001979 UBERON:FMA_63130-MA_0000071 ZFA:0005315 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg/200px-Illu_capillary.jpg ncithesaurus:Venule uberon venula Subdivision of venous tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the capillary vessel. Wikipedia:Venule Wikipedia:Venule venula arteriole AAO:0010253 BTO:0001997 FMA:63182 MA:0000063 MESH:A.07.231.114.060 SCTID:337724002 TAO:0002138 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001980 UBERON:FMA_63182-MA_0000063 ZFA:0005255 arteriola http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg/200px-Illu_capillary.jpg ncithesaurus:Arteriole the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. Subdivision of arterial tree (organ) which is directly continuous with capillary vessel[FMA]. uberon Wikipedia:Arteriole arteriola FMA:63182 GO:0014830 Wikipedia:Arteriole the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. Subdivision of arterial tree (organ) which is directly continuous with capillary vessel[FMA]. blood vessel A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. AAO:0011004 AEO:0000207 BTO:0001102 EFO:0000817 EHDAA2:0003252 EHDAA:240 FMA:50722 FMA:63183 GAID:169 MA:0000060 MAT:0000393 MESH:A.07.231 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090901 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361097006 TAO:0002137 UBERON:0001981 UBERON:FMA_63183-XAO_0001011 VHOG:0001250 XAO:0001011 ZFA:0005314 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg/200px-Circulatory_System_en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel note that FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX. Taxon notes: annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids. region of vascular tree organ uberon vas sanguineum vascular tree organ region GO:0072360 FMA:50722 vascular tree organ region A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. BTO:0001102 Wikipedia:Blood_vessel EHDAA2 FMA:50722 region of vascular tree organ Wikipedia:Blood_vessel vas sanguineum capillary AAO:0010252 BTO:0002045 EFO:0001906 EMAPA:28039 EMAPA:28075 EV:0100035 FMA:63194 MA:0000065 MESH:A.07.231.432.410 Microvessel of the blood circulation system lined with vascular endothelial cells[ZFA]. Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090902 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005250 UBERON:0001982 UBERON:FMA_63194-MA_0000065-XAO_0000116 VHOG:0001253 XAO:0000116 ZFA:0005250 blood capillary capillary vessel ncithesaurus:Capillary uberon ZFA Microvessel of the blood circulation system lined with vascular endothelial cells[ZFA]. Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. NLM:capillary Wikipedia:Capillary crypt of lieberkuhn A gland found in the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon. FMA:63621 MA:0001535 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001983 UBERON:FMA_63621-MA_0001535 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/200px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg intestinal gland lieberkuhn crypt ncithesaurus:Crypts_of_the_Lieberkuhn uberon Wikipedia:Crypts_of_Lieberkuhn intestinal gland A gland found in the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon. Wikipedia:Intestinal_gland crypt of lieberkuhn of large intestine A crypt of lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. FMA:63622 MA:0001544 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001984 UBERON:FMA_63622-MA_0001544 intestinal gland of large intestine large intestinal crypt of lieberkuhn large intestine crypt of lieberkuhn large intestine intestinal gland large intestine lieberkuhn crypt lieberkuhn crypt of large intestine ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Crypt_of_the_Lieberkuhn uberon OBOL:automatic large intestine lieberkuhn crypt OBOL:automatic intestinal gland of large intestine OBOL:automatic large intestine intestinal gland A crypt of lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lieberkuhn crypt of large intestine corneal endothelium A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. FMA:63882 GAID:891 MA:0001242 MESH:A.09.371.060.067.318 SCTID:368827009 TAO:0002186 UBERON:0001985 UBERON:FMA_63882-MA_0001242 ZFA:0001687 cornea endothelium endothelium of cornea epithelium posterius corneae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray871.png/200px-Gray871.png ncithesaurus:Corneal_Endothelium uberon Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium epithelium posterius corneae OBOL:automatic endothelium of cornea OBOL:automatic cornea endothelium A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium endothelium A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA] BTO:0000393 EFO:0002548 EMAPA:18578 EMAPA:19063 FMA:63916 GAID:520 MESH:A.10.272.491 SCTID:27168002 The term ‘‘endothelium’’ has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980) UBERON:0001986 UBERON:FMA_63916-ZFA_0001639 galen:Endothelium ncithesaurus:Endothelium ncithesaurus:Vascular_Endothelium uberon A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA] FMA:63916 MESH:A.10.272.491 placenta BTO:0001078 EFO:0001407 EV:0100119 FMA:63934 GAID:379 MA:0000386 MAT:0000279 MESH:A.16.759 MIAA:0000279 OpenCyc:Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181455002 Taxon notes: Eutherians: In eutherians, the chorioallantoic membrane of the fetus establishes intimate contact with the adjacent vascular wall of the mother's uterus to produce the placenta, a composite structure formed in part from tissues of the fetus and in part from tissues of the mother [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong"]. TODO - is taxon restriction too strict, even if we restrict def to allantoic placenta? - WP says: also found in some snakes and lizards with varying levels of development up to mammalian levels. Pough et al. 1992. Herpetology: Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall:Pearson Education, Inc., 2002. // See also: doi:10.1002/jmor.11011 UBERON:0001987 UBERON:FMA_63934-MA_0000386-MIAA_0000279 VHOG:0001266 allantoic placenta eutherian placenta http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Placenta.jpg/200px-Placenta.jpg ncithesaurus:Placenta organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis. The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell. uberon ISBN10:0073040584 ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Placenta http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis. The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell. ISBN10:0073040584 allantoic placenta Wikipedia feces BTO:0000440 ENVO:00002003 Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.[FMA] FMA:64183 GAID:1199 MA:0002509 MAT:0000053 MESH:A.12.459 MIAA:0000053 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001988 UBERON:FMA_64183-MA_0002509-MIAA_0000053 excrement faeces fecal matter galen:Feces ncithesaurus:Feces stool uberon Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Feces BTO:0000440 excrement superior cervical ganglion BTO:0001325 EFO:0001945 EHDAA:8943 EMAPA:18441 FMA:6467 GAID:712 MA:0001156 MESH:A.08.340.315.350.850 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001946 SCTID:279278002 TAO:0001572 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Trunk ganglion which is bilaterally paired and located at the anterior end of the sympathetic ganglion chain. UBERON:0001989 UBERON:FMA_6467-MA_0001156-ZFA_0001572 ZFA:0001572 ganglion cervicale superius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Cervical_Ganglion superior cervical sympathetic ganglion superior sympathetic cervical ganglion uberon Trunk ganglion which is bilaterally paired and located at the anterior end of the sympathetic ganglion chain. Wikipedia:Superior_cervical_ganglion ZFIN:curator BTO:0001325 ganglion cervicale superius Wikipedia:Superior_cervical_ganglion ganglion cervicale superius middle cervical ganglion BTO:0000359 EHDAA:8941 EMAPA:18440 FMA:6468 MA:0001155 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001180 SCTID:279279005 The middle cervical ganglion is the smallest of the three cervical ganglia, and is occasionally absent. It is placed opposite the sixth cervical vertebra, usually in front of, or close to, the inferior thyroid artery. It is probably formed by the coalescence of two ganglia corresponding to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. It sends gray rami communicantes to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves, and gives off the middle cardiac nerve. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001990 UBERON:FMA_6468-MA_0001155 ganglion cervicale medium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png middle cervical sympathetic ganglion ncithesaurus:Middle_Cervical_Ganglion uberon The middle cervical ganglion is the smallest of the three cervical ganglia, and is occasionally absent. It is placed opposite the sixth cervical vertebra, usually in front of, or close to, the inferior thyroid artery. It is probably formed by the coalescence of two ganglia corresponding to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. It sends gray rami communicantes to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves, and gives off the middle cardiac nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_cervical_ganglion Wikipedia:Middle_cervical_ganglion ganglion cervicale medium BTO:0000359 ganglion cervicale medium cervical ganglion BTO:0000113 EMAPA:18438 FMA:6470 MA:0001153 SCTID:181100007 The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001991 UBERON:FMA_6470-MA_0001153 cervical sympathetic ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png uberon The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cervical_ganglion papillary layer of dermis AO notes: check AO Dense irregular connective tissue of the skin that consists of fibroblasts, various connective tissue cell types, and collagen, predominantly type III.[FMA] FMA:64776 MA:0000800 MA:0000802 UBERON:0001992 UBERON:FMA_64776-MA_0000800 corpus papillary dermis papillary layer ncithesaurus:Papillary_Dermis ncithesaurus:Stratum_Papillare papillary dermis papillary layer papillary layer of dermis stratum papillare stratum papillare stratum papillare corii superficial dermis uberon MP:0009545 superficial dermis Wikipedia:Papillary_dermis stratum papillare MP:0009545 papillary layer MA:0000802 superficial dermis MA:0000800 dermis papillary layer FMA:64776 papillary layer of dermis MP:0009545 stratum papillare corii MP:0009545 corpus papillary Dense irregular connective tissue of the skin that consists of fibroblasts, various connective tissue cell types, and collagen, predominantly type III.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Papillary_dermis MP:0009545 stratum papillare reticular layer of dermis FMA:64778 MA:0000801 UBERON:0001993 UBERON:FMA_64778-MA_0000801 dermis reticular layer lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers. ncithesaurus:Reticular_Dermis ncithesaurus:Stratum_Reticulare reticular dermis stratum reticulare stratum reticulare uberon Wikipedia:Reticular_dermis stratum reticulare Wikipedia:Reticular_dermis lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers. Wikipedia:Reticular_dermis stratum reticulare FMA hyaline cartilage Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium. FMA:64783 MA:0000109 SCTID:39298000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001994 UBERON:FMA_64783-MA_0000109 VSAO:0000094 XAO:0004029 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray292.png/200px-Gray292.png hyaline cartilage tissue ncithesaurus:Hyaline_Cartilage uberon Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium. Wikipedia:Hyaline_cartilage fibrocartilage Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns[VSAO]. A mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II[WP]. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel without a well-defined perichondrium[FMA]. FMA:64784 MA:0000108 SCTID:91685003 The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groups—interarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform -- WP. TODO: add mineralized UBERON:0001995 UBERON:FMA_64784-MA_0000108 VSAO:0000103 XAO:0004028 galen:Fibrocartilage http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray295.png/200px-Gray295.png ncithesaurus:Fibrocartilage uberon Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns[VSAO]. A mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II[WP]. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel without a well-defined perichondrium[FMA]. FMA:64784 VSAO:0000103 Wikipedia:Fibrocartilage elastic cartilage Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which consists of elastic fibers. FMA:64785 MA:0000107 UBERON:0001996 UBERON:FMA_64785-MA_0000107 VSAO:0000091 XAO:0004197 elastic cartilage tissue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gray904.png/200px-Gray904.png ncithesaurus:Elastic_Cartilage uberon yellow elastic cartilage VSAO:0000091 elastic cartilage tissue FMA VSAO Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage yellow elastic cartilage Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which consists of elastic fibers. FMA:64785 Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage olfactory epithelium AAO:0010158 BTO:0000108 EFO:0001972 EHDAA2:0001228 EHDAA:4774 EMAPA:17606 FMA:64803 Genes: V1Rs, Trpc2 present in lamprey // See also: FMA:77199 MA:0001325 MAT:0000445 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2703 Nasal epithelium wherein ciliated olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, and basal cells are located. SCTID:37623003 TAO:0000554 UBERON:0001997 UBERON:0004853 UBERON:FMA_64803-ZFA_0000554 VHOG:0000985 ZFA:0000554 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray857.png/200px-Gray857.png nasal cavity olfactory epithelium nasal epithelium nasal sensory epithelium ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Epithelium olfactory membrane olfactory mucosa olfactory sensory epithelium sensory olfactory epithelium uberon GAID:303 olfactory mucosa FMA Nasal epithelium wherein ciliated olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, and basal cells are located. Wikipedia:Olfactory_epithelium ZFIN:curator NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2703 olfactory membrane MA:0001325 nasal cavity olfactory epithelium sternocostal joint AO notes - FMA has FMA:72323 'Costosternal joint', isa Synchondrosis, no other relationships FMA:7954 GAID:271 MA:0001512 MESH:A.02.835.583.790 SCTID:361860002 UBERON:0001998 UBERON:FMA_64877-MA_0001512 arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation. articulatio sternocostalis articulationes sternocostales http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gray315.png/200px-Gray315.png ncithesaurus:Sternocostal_Joint sternochondral joint sternocostal synovial joint synovial sternocostal joint uberon FMA:7954 synovial sternocostal joint FMA:7954 sternochondral joint MA FMA:7954 articulatio sternocostalis Wikipedia:Sternocostal_joints arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation. FMA:7954 sternocostal synovial joint Wikipedia:Sternocostal_joints articulationes sternocostales FMA iliopsoas Anatomical cluster consisting of iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor[WP]. BTO:0000621 EHDAA2:0000812 EHDAA:9458 EMAPA:18520 FMA:64918 Hyrtl's muscle MA:0002321 SCTID:181668001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001999 UBERON:FMA_64918-MA_0002321 VHOG:0001005 iliopsoas muscle musculus iliopsoas ncithesaurus:Iliopsoas_Muscle uberon dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia BTO:0000621 iliopsoas muscle dbpedia Anatomical cluster consisting of iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor[WP]. Wikipedia:Iliopsoas dbpedia dbpedia lesser trochanter of femur Wikipedia:Iliopsoas musculus iliopsoas gluteal muscle . BTO:0000531 EHDAA2:0000715 FMA:64922 MA:0000535 UBERON:0002000 UBERON:FMA_64922-MA_0000535 gluteus gluteus muscle ncithesaurus:Gluteal_Muscle uberon BTO:0000531 gluteus . Wikipedia:Gluteal_muscles FMA EHDAA2 joint of rib Any joint that connects a rib to another structure (or another rib). Examples: costochondral, costovertebral, interchondral, sternocostal joints. FMA_RETIRED:64994 MA:0001508 SCTID:263314001 UBERON:0002001 UBERON:FMA_64994-MA_0001508 ncithesaurus:Joint_of_the_Rib rib joint uberon Any joint that connects a rib to another structure (or another rib). Examples: costochondral, costovertebral, interchondral, sternocostal joints. UBERON:cjm interchondral joint 2 Editor notes: Consider creating logical definition after obo2owl cardinality tests. AO notes: FMA has both synovial and syndesmosis subtypes - consider adding separate class for FMA:7955 Synovial interchondral joint FMA:10425 Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other). The contiguous borders of the sixth, seventh, and eighth, and sometimes those of the ninth and tenth, costal cartilages articulate with each other by small, smooth, oblong facets. Each articulation is enclosed in a thin articular capsule, lined by synovial membrane and strengthened laterally and medially by ligamentous fibers which pass from one cartilage to the other. Sometimes the fifth costal cartilages, more rarely the ninth and tenth, articulate by their lower borders with the adjoining cartilages by small oval facets; more frequently the connection is by a few ligamentous fibers. MA:0001511 SCTID:303101003 UBERON:0002002 UBERON:FMA_64996-MA_0001511 articulatio interchondralis articulationes interchondrales interchondral articulation interchondral joints interchondral joints set synovial interchondral joint uberon FMA:71378 FMA:TA articulationes interchondrales FMA:71378 interchondral joints FMA:71378 interchondral joints set connects two adjacent ribs FMA MA Wikipedia:Interchondral_articulations interchondral articulation FMA:7955 articulatio interchondralis Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other). The contiguous borders of the sixth, seventh, and eighth, and sometimes those of the ninth and tenth, costal cartilages articulate with each other by small, smooth, oblong facets. Each articulation is enclosed in a thin articular capsule, lined by synovial membrane and strengthened laterally and medially by ligamentous fibers which pass from one cartilage to the other. Sometimes the fifth costal cartilages, more rarely the ninth and tenth, articulate by their lower borders with the adjoining cartilages by small oval facets; more frequently the connection is by a few ligamentous fibers. Wikipedia:Interchondral_articulations FMA:7955 synovial interchondral joint peripheral nerve BTO:0001027 EMAPA:25148 EV:0100371 FMA:65239 GAID:747 MA:0000228 MESH:A.08.800.800 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1615 Neural tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the neuraxis. Examples: phrenic nerve, radial nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, sciatic nerve[FMA]. The peripheral nerves include the 12 cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and roots, and what are called the autonomic nerves that are concerned specifically with the regulation of the heart muscle, the muscles in blood vessel walls, and glands[BTO]. The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium[GAID]. A peripheral nerve, or simply nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons (the long, slender projections of neurons). A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons. Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system, the analogous structures are known as tracts[WP]. SCTID:244457007 TODO - check definition vs nerve UBERON:0002003 UBERON:0003377 UBERON:FMA_65239-MA_0000228-XAO_0000204 VHOG:0000901 XAO:0000204 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png/200px-Nervous_system_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nerve nerve part of peripheral nervous system peripheral nerve tree uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1615 nerve part of peripheral nervous system Neural tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the neuraxis. Examples: phrenic nerve, radial nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, sciatic nerve[FMA]. The peripheral nerves include the 12 cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and roots, and what are called the autonomic nerves that are concerned specifically with the regulation of the heart muscle, the muscles in blood vessel walls, and glands[BTO]. The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium[GAID]. A peripheral nerve, or simply nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons (the long, slender projections of neurons). A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons. Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system, the analogous structures are known as tracts[WP]. Wikipedia:Peripheral_nerve UBERONREF:0000002 trunk of sciatic nerve FMA:65507 MA:0001178 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002004 UBERON:FMA_65507-MA_0001178 sciatic nerve trunk sciatic neural trunk uberon enteric nervous system BTO:0002506 EFO:0000895 EHDAA2:0004202 EMAPA:26922 FMA:66070 GAID:799 MA:0000222 MAT:0000102 MESH:A.08.800.050.150 MIAA:0000102 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1166 PNS - enteric TAO:0001155 The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation[GO]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002005 UBERON:FMA_66070-MA_0000222-MIAA_0000102-ZFA_0001155 ZFA:0001155 uberon The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation[GO]. Wikipedia:Enteric_nervous_system UBERONREF:0000002 Wikipedia ZFA cortex of lymph node FMA:66253 MA:0000740 Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]. UBERON:0002006 UBERON:FMA_66253-MA_0000740 cortex nodi lymphoidei lymph node cortex ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Cortex uberon Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]. Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node cortex nodi lymphoidei medulla of lymph node . FMA:66254 MA:0000745 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002007 UBERON:FMA_66254-MA_0000745 lymph node medulla medulla nodi lymphoidei uberon Wikipedia:Medulla_of_lymph_node medulla nodi lymphoidei . Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_of_lymph_node cardiac nerve plexus FMA:6628 MA:0001138 SCTID:280511002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002008 UBERON:FMA_6628-MA_0001138 a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart. autonomic nerve plexus of heart autonomic plexus of heart cardiac plexus heart autonomic nerve plexus heart autonomic plexus heart visceral nerve plexus heart visceral plexus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Nerve_Plexus plexus cardiacus plexus cardiacus uberon visceral nerve plexus of heart visceral plexus of heart OBOL:automatic visceral nerve plexus of heart Wikipedia:Cardiac_plexus plexus cardiacus FMA:6628 FMA:TA plexus cardiacus OBOL:automatic visceral plexus of heart OBOL:automatic heart visceral plexus OBOL:automatic autonomic plexus of heart Wikipedia:Cardiac_plexus a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart. OBOL:automatic heart visceral nerve plexus OBOL:automatic heart autonomic plexus OBOL:automatic heart autonomic nerve plexus OBOL:automatic autonomic nerve plexus of heart pulmonary nerve plexus FMA:6629 MA:0001143 SCTID:280512009 The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. It supplies the Bronchial tree. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002009 UBERON:FMA_6629-MA_0001143 plexus pulmonalis plexus pulmonalis pulmonary plexus uberon FMA:6629 FMA:TA plexus pulmonalis FMA:6629 pulmonary plexus Wikipedia:Pulmonary_plexus plexus pulmonalis The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. It supplies the Bronchial tree. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_plexus MA FMA celiac nerve plexus FMA:6630 GAID:796 MA:0001139 MESH:A.08.800.050.050.150 SCTID:362494009 The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen. The celiac plexus is located near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the omental bursa and in front of the crura of the diaphragm, on the level of the first lumbar vertebra, L1. The plexus is formed (in part) by the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves of both sides, and also parts of the right vagus nerve. The celiac plexus proper consists of the celiac ganglia with a network of interconnecting fibers. The aorticorenal ganglia are often considered to be part of the celiac ganglia, and thus, part of the plexus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002010 UBERON:FMA_6630-MA_0001139 celiac plexus coeliac nerve plexus coeliac plexus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png plexus coeliacus plexus coeliacus plexus nervosus coeliacus uberon The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen. The celiac plexus is located near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the omental bursa and in front of the crura of the diaphragm, on the level of the first lumbar vertebra, L1. The plexus is formed (in part) by the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves of both sides, and also parts of the right vagus nerve. The celiac plexus proper consists of the celiac ganglia with a network of interconnecting fibers. The aorticorenal ganglia are often considered to be part of the celiac ganglia, and thus, part of the plexus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Celiac_plexus FMA:6630 FMA:TA plexus coeliacus Wikipedia:Celiac_plexus plexus coeliacus FMA:6630 FMA:TA plexus nervosus coeliacus thoracodorsal artery FMA:66320 MA:0002065 The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002011 UBERON:FMA_66320-MA_0002065 arteria thoracodorsalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png/200px-Latissimus_dorsi.png ncithesaurus:Thoracodorsal_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery arteria thoracodorsalis The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery pulmonary artery AAO:0010221 BTO:0000778 EFO:0001399 EHDAA2:0001575 EHDAA:4351 EMAPA:17008 FMA:66326 GAID:505 MA:0002031 MESH:A.07.231.114.715 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181380003 The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002012 UBERON:FMA_66326-MA_0002031 VHOG:0000982 XAO:0004162 galen:PulmonaryArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Artery pulmonary arterial tree pulmonary arterial tree organ part truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis uberon Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery Wikipedia superior hypogastric nerve plexus Check relationship with generic hypogastric nerve/plexus EMAPA:19274 FMA:6642 MA:0001142 SCTID:244484008 The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies below the bifurcation of the aorta. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002013 UBERON:FMA_6642-MA_0001142 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png hypogastric plexus nervus presacralis plexus hypogastricus inferior plexus hypogastricus superior presacral nerve superior hypogastric plexus uberon FMA:6642 FMA:TA plexus hypogastricus superior The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies below the bifurcation of the aorta. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_hypogastric_plexus Wikipedia:Superior_hypogastric_plexus plexus hypogastricus inferior FMA:6642 FMA:TA nervus presacralis inferior hypogastric nerve plexus Check relationship with generic hypogastric nerve/plexus EMAPA:19275 FMA:6643 MA:0001141 SCTID:192608000 The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in some texts) is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity. The inferior hypogastric plexus is a paired structure, with each situated on the side of the rectum in the male, and at the sides of the rectum and vagina in the female. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002014 UBERON:FMA_6643-MA_0001141 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png inferior hypogastric plexus ncithesaurus:Inferior_Hypogastric_Nerve_Plexus pelvic nerve plexus pelvic plexus plexus hypogastricus inferior plexus hypogastricus inferior plexus nervosus pelvicus plexus pelvicus uberon Wikipedia:Inferior_hypogastric_plexus plexus hypogastricus inferior FMA:6643 FMA:TA plexus hypogastricus inferior The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in some texts) is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity. The inferior hypogastric plexus is a paired structure, with each situated on the side of the rectum in the male, and at the sides of the rectum and vagina in the female. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_hypogastric_plexus FMA:6643 FMA:TA plexus pelvicus FMA:6643 FMA:TA plexus nervosus pelvicus kidney capsule EMAPA:18679 FMA:66610 MA:0000370 SCTID:243657006 The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a thick layer of ' adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. The renal capsule relates to the other layers in the following order (moving from innermost to outermost): renal medulla renal cortex renal capsule perinephric fat (or 'perirenal fat') renal fascia paranephric fat (or 'pararenal fat') peritoneum (anteriorly), and transversalis fascia (posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002015 UBERON:FMA_66610-MA_0000370 capsule of kidney fibrous capsule of kidney galen:CapsuleOfKidney http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney.jpg ncithesaurus:Renal_Capsule renal capsule uberon The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a thick layer of ' adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. The renal capsule relates to the other layers in the following order (moving from innermost to outermost): renal medulla renal cortex renal capsule perinephric fat (or 'perirenal fat') renal fascia paranephric fat (or 'pararenal fat') peritoneum (anteriorly), and transversalis fascia (posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Kidney_capsule GO:0072127 renal capsule FMA:66610 fibrous capsule of kidney pulmonary vein AAO:0010521 BTO:0001799 EHDAA2:0001579 EHDAA:2629 EMAPA:18645 FMA:66643 GAID:543 MA:0002206 MESH:A.07.231.908.713 Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. UBERON:0002016 UBERON:FMA_66643-MA_0002206-XAO_0000394 VHOG:0001133 XAO:0000394 galen:PulmonaryVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Vein pulmonary venous tree organ part uberon venae pulmonales Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein venae pulmonales portal vein A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. BTO:0001792 EHDAA2:0001485 EHDAA:6510 EMAPA:17349 FMA:66645 GAID:540 MA:0002198 MESH:A.07.231.908.670.567 OpenCyc:Mx4rv_bem5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362064007 UBERON:0002017 UBERON:FMA_66645-MA_0002198-XAO_0000392 VHOG:0000656 XAO:0000392 galen:PortalVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png ncithesaurus:Portal_Vein portal venous tree organ part uberon FMA FMA:66645 portal venous tree organ part A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. BTO:0001792 synovial membrane AEO:0000181 BTO:0001823 EFO:0001393 EHDAA2:0003181 EV:0100143 FMA:66762 GAID:264 MA:0000114 MESH:A.02.835.583.443.800 SCTID:361828005 Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). UBERON:0002018 UBERON:FMA_66762-MA_0000114 VHOG:0001282 galen:SynovialMembrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synovium.png/200px-Synovium.png membrana synovialis capsulae articularis ncithesaurus:Synovial_Membrane stratum synoviale synovial layer synovial sheath synovium uberon Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane EHDAA2 GAID FMA:66762 synovial layer Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane membrana synovialis capsulae articularis FMA:General_anatomical_term synovial sheath BTO:0001823 VHOG:0001282 synovium FMA:66762 FMA:TA stratum synoviale GAID:264 membrana synovialis capsulae articularis spinal accessory nerve AAO:0010476 Accessory nerve [XI] EHDAA2:0000106 EHDAA:2855 EMAPA:17159 EMAPA:17265 FMA:6720 GAID:825 MA:0001088 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.060 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_812 OpenCyc:Mx4rwTEwI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362469008 Taxon notes: In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve[GO] UBERON:0002019 UBERON:FMA_6720-MA_0001088 VHOG:0000699 Willis' nerve XAO:0004214 a nerve that controls specific muscles of the shoulder and neck. accessory XI accessory XI nerve accessory nerve cervical accessory nerve cranial nerve XI eleventh cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png ncithesaurus:Accessory_Nerve nervus accessorius [xi] pars spinalis nervus accessorius spinal accessory nerve tree spinal part of accessory nerve uberon EHDAA2:0000106 accessory XI NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_812 cranial nerve XI FMA:6720 FMA:TA pars spinalis nervus accessorius NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_812 eleventh cranial nerve FMA:6720 FMA:TA nervus accessorius [xi] Wikipedia:Spinal_accessory_nerve a nerve that controls specific muscles of the shoulder and neck. gray matter of neuraxis AEO:0000136 EHDAA2:0003136 EHDAA2:0004658 FMA:67242 Heterogeneous cluster of neural somas in the brain and the spinal cord. MA:0001112 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDdKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002197 UBERON:0002020 UBERON:FMA_67242-MA_0001112 ZFA:0001681 gray mater gray matter grey matter grey substance http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter neuronal grey matter substantia grisea uberon ZFA:0001681 gray mater FMA:67242 FMA:TA substantia grisea Heterogeneous cluster of neural somas in the brain and the spinal cord. Wikipedia:Gray_matter EHDAA2:0004658 neuronal grey matter occipital lobe BTO:0000293 EFO:0000915 EV:0100170 FMA:67325 GAID:678 MA:0000913 MAT:0000507 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.571 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1136 Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure. OpenCyc:Mx4rv9OFy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180923002 UBERON:0002021 UBERON:FMA_67325-MA_0000913-ZFA_0001414 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray727_occipital_lobe.png/200px-Gray727_occipital_lobe.png lobus occipitalis ncithesaurus:Occipital_Lobe occipital cortex occipital neocortex regio occipitalis uberon DHB:Ocx occipital neocortex Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure. Wikipedia:Occipital_lobe Wikipedia:Occipital_lobe lobus occipitalis FMA:67325 FMA:TA regio occipitalis insula AO notes: two classes in ncit, Central_Lobe is part of temporal lobe BM:Tel-Cx-Ins BTO:0001105 EV:0100172 FMA:67329 MA:0000909 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1117 OpenCyc:Mx4rvpK5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279201009 The insula is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. UBERON:0002022 UBERON:FMA_67329-MA_0000909 central lobe cortex of island insula lobule insular cortex insular lobe insular region insulary cortex island of Reil lobus insularis ncithesaurus:Central_Lobe ncithesaurus:Insula uberon FMA:67329 FMA:TA lobus insularis BTO:0001105 insulary cortex BTO NIF FMA:67329 cortex of island FMA:67329 island of Reil FMA:67329 insular lobe FMA:67329 insular region NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1117 insular cortex FMA FMA:67329 insular cortex FMA:67329 insula lobule The insula is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. Wikipedia:Insular_cortex FMA:67329 central lobe claustrum ABA:CLA BM:Tel-Cl BTO:0004292 EV:0100183 FMA:67440 MA:0000888 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1522 SCTID:279410004 UBERON:0002023 UBERON:FMA_67440-MA_0000888 dorsal claustrum dorsal portion of claustrum ncithesaurus:Claustrum one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula[BTO]. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)[WP]. uberon FMA:67440 dorsal portion of claustrum FMA BTO:0004292 Wikipedia:Claustrum one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula[BTO]. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)[WP]. FMA:67440 dorsal claustrum internal carotid nerve plexus FMA:67533 MA:0001162 SCTID:280509006 The internal carotid plexus (carotid plexus) is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery. Postganglionic sympathetic fibres ascend from the superior cervical ganglion, along the walls of the internal carotid artery, to enter the internal carotid plexus. These fibres then distribute to deep structures, which include the levator palpebrae superioris and pupillary dilator muscles. Some of the fibres from the internal carotid plexus converge to form the deep petrosal nerve. The internal carotid plexus communicates with the semilunar ganglion, the abducent nerve, and the sphenopalatine ganglion; it distributes filaments to the wall of the carotid artery, and also communicates with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002024 UBERON:FMA_67533-MA_0001162 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray840.png/200px-Gray840.png internal carotid plexus ncithesaurus:Internal_Carotid_Nerve_Plexus plexus caroticus internus uberon FMA:67533 FMA:TA plexus caroticus internus The internal carotid plexus (carotid plexus) is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery. Postganglionic sympathetic fibres ascend from the superior cervical ganglion, along the walls of the internal carotid artery, to enter the internal carotid plexus. These fibres then distribute to deep structures, which include the levator palpebrae superioris and pupillary dilator muscles. Some of the fibres from the internal carotid plexus converge to form the deep petrosal nerve. The internal carotid plexus communicates with the semilunar ganglion, the abducent nerve, and the sphenopalatine ganglion; it distributes filaments to the wall of the carotid artery, and also communicates with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_nerve_plexus stratum basale of epidermis AAO:0010598 BTO:0000438 Deepest layer of the layers of the epidermis[WP]. FMA:67540 MA:0000803 Malpighian layer SCTID:419481005 TAO:0001180 UBERON:0002025 UBERON:FMA_67540-MA_0000803 XAO:0000041 ZFA:0001180 basal cell layer of epidermis epidermis basal layer epidermis stratum basale epidermis stratum germinativum ncithesaurus:Rete_Malpighii rete Malpighii stratum basalis of epidermis stratum germinativum uberon BTO:0000438 Malpighian layer FMA:67540 basal cell layer of epidermis Deepest layer of the layers of the epidermis[WP]. Wikipedia:Stratum_germinativum stratum spinosum of epidermis BTO:0000435 FMA:67542 MA:0000807 SCTID:420086000 UBERON:0002026 UBERON:FMA_67542-MA_0000807 a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Has cells that produce and secrete bipolar lipids which prevent evaporation, helping to 'water-proof' the skin. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum. epidermis prickle cell layer epidermis stratum spinosum ncithesaurus:Stratum_Spinosum prickle cell layer prickle cell layer of epidermis squamous cell layer of epidermis stratum malphighii stratum spinosum uberon Wikipedia:Stratum_spinosum a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Has cells that produce and secrete bipolar lipids which prevent evaporation, helping to 'water-proof' the skin. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum. BTO:0000435 prickle cell layer FMA:67542 prickle cell layer of epidermis stratum corneum of epidermis AAO:0010597 BTO:0000344 FMA:67545 MA:0000804 SCTID:361695002 UBERON:0002027 UBERON:FMA_67545-MA_0000804 cornified layer epidermis stratum corneum horny layer horny layer of epidermis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Skinlayers.png/200px-Skinlayers.png ncithesaurus:Stratum_Corneum outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of large, flat, polyhedral, plate-like envelopes filled with keratin, which is made up of dead cells that have migrated up from the stratum granulosum. stratum corneum stratum corneum epidermidis this skin layer is composed mainly of dead cells that lack nuclei. As these dead cells slough off on the surface in the thin air-filled stratum disjunctum, they are continuously replaced by new cells from the stratum germinativum (basale). In the human forearm, for example, about 1300 cells/cm2/hr are shed. This outer layer that is sloughed off is also known as the stratum dysjunctum. Cells of the stratum corneum contain keratin, a protein that helps keep the skin hydrated by preventing water evaporation. These cells can also absorb water, further aiding in hydration, and explaining why humans and other animals experience wrinkling of the skin on the fingers and toes ("pruning") when immersed in water for prolonged periods. In addition, this layer is responsible for the "spring back" or stretchy properties of skin. A weak glutenous protein bond pulls the skin back to its natural shape. The thickness of the stratum corneum varies according to the amount of protection and/or grip required by a region of the body. For example, the hands are typically used to grasp objects, requiring the palms to be covered with a thick stratum corneum. In a similar manner, the sole of the foot is prone to injury, and so it is protected with a thick stratum corneum layer. In general, the stratum corneum contains 15 to 20 layers of dead cells. The stratum corneum has a thickness between 10 and 40 μm. n reptiles, the stratum corneum is permanent, and is replaced only during times of rapid growth, in a process called ecdysis or moulting. The stratum corneum in reptiles contains beta-keratin, which provides a much more rigid skin layer. uberon FMA:67545 horny layer of epidermis BTO:0000344 horny layer Wikipedia:Stratum_corneum stratum corneum epidermidis Wikipedia:Stratum_corneum outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of large, flat, polyhedral, plate-like envelopes filled with keratin, which is made up of dead cells that have migrated up from the stratum granulosum. hindbrain AAO:0010150 ABA:HB BTO:0000672 EFO:0000923 EHDAA2:0000746 EHDAA:3514 EHDAA:6487 EMAPA:16916 EMAPA:18632 FMA:67687 MA:0000195 MAT:0000107 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810 MIAA:0000107 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_942 TAO:0000029 The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. UBERON:0002028 UBERON:FMA_67687-MA_0000195-MIAA_0000107-XAO_0000015-ZFA_0000029 VHOG:0000070 XAO:0000015 ZFA:0000029 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps ncithesaurus:Hind-Brain rhombencephalon uberon ABA modified-source-relation definitional ZFA The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon ZFA:0000029 ZFIN:curator definitional XAO epithelium of gall bladder BTO:0001449 FMA:67711 MA:0001632 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002029 UBERON:FMA_67711-MA_0001632 biliary epithelium epithelial tissue of gall bladder epithelial tissue of gallbladder epithelium of gallbladder gall bladder epithelial tissue gall bladder epithelium gallbladder epithelial tissue gallbladder epithelium ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Epithelium the simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. uberon OBOL:automatic gall bladder epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gallbladder OBOL:automatic epithelium of gallbladder OBOL:automatic gallbladder epithelium MP:0009492 the simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gall bladder OBOL:automatic gallbladder epithelial tissue nipple BTO:0000821 FMA makes this part of the breast, whereas in MA it is part of the mammary gland. We assert both these for now, but the MA assertion is probably too strong, and a different relationship type should be used. FMA:67771 GAID:35 MA:0000796 MESH:A.01.236.500 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. SCTID:265780004 UBERON:0002030 UBERON:FMA_67771-MA_0000796 galen:Nipple http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Female_nipple_profile.jpg/200px-Female_nipple_profile.jpg ncithesaurus:Nipple papilla mammae papilla mammaria papilla of breast papillary part of breast teat thele thelium uberon MP:0009723 thele MA Wikipedia:Nipple papilla mammaria MP:0009723 thelium FMA:67771 Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. Wikipedia:Nipple Stedmans FMA MP:0009723 papilla mammae epithelium of bronchus An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. BTO:0001845 EFO:0000307 FMA:67782 MA:0001839 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002031 UBERON:FMA_67782-MA_0001839 bronchi epithelial tissue bronchi epithelium bronchial epithelium bronchial trunk epithelial tissue bronchial trunk epithelium bronchus epithelial tissue bronchus epithelium epithelial tissue of bronchi epithelial tissue of bronchial trunk epithelial tissue of bronchus epithelium of bronchi epithelium of bronchial trunk ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchi epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic bronchus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk epithelium OBOL:automatic bronchi epithelium An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelium of bronchi OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchus areola FMA:67796 MA:0000788 OpenCyc:Mx4rvrcOL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle and modified sebaceous glands and which surrounds the nipple.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002032 UBERON:FMA_67796-MA_0000788 areola mammae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Brustwarze.JPG/200px-Brustwarze.JPG ncithesaurus:Areola uberon Wikipedia:Areola areola mammae FMA:FMA Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle and modified sebaceous glands and which surrounds the nipple.[FMA] Wikipedia:Areola arrector muscle of hair BTO:0005132 EMAPA:26771 EMAPA:26775 EMAPA:26779 FMA:67821 MA:0000778 SCTID:319910005 UBERON:0002033 UBERON:FMA_67821-MA_0000778 arrector pili arrector pili muscle arrector pili smooth muscle arrector pilli arrector pilli muscle tiny muscle fiber attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end, causing goose bumps. They exist in most mammals including humans. uberon Wikipedia:Arrector_pili tiny muscle fiber attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end, causing goose bumps. They exist in most mammals including humans. EMAPA:26779 MP:0010679 arrector pili muscle MP:0010679 arrector pilli MA:0000778 arrector pili smooth muscle FMA:67821 MA:0000778 arrector pili MP:0010679 arrector pilli muscle suprachiasmatic nucleus ABA:SCH BM:Die-Hy-SCN BTO:0001822 EFO:0002475 EV:0100228 FMA:67883 GAID:645 MA:0000843 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.342.625 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1325 SCN SCTID:369132004 TAO:0000441 The suprachiasmatic nucleus, or nuclei, (SCN), a tiny region on the brain's midline in a shallow impression of the optic chiasm, is responsible for controlling endogenous circadian rhythms. The neuronal and hormonal activities it generates regulate many different body functions over a 24-hour period. The SCN, pine cone shaped and the size of a grain of rice, interacts with many other regions of the brain. It contains several cell types and several different peptides and neurotransmitters. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002034 UBERON:FMA_67883-MA_0000843-ZFA_0000441 VHOG:0000036 XAO:0004072 ZFA:0000441 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG ncithesaurus:Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus nucleus suprachiasmaticus suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus uberon Wikipedia:Suprachiasmatic_nucleus nucleus suprachiasmaticus BTO:0001822 SCN The suprachiasmatic nucleus, or nuclei, (SCN), a tiny region on the brain's midline in a shallow impression of the optic chiasm, is responsible for controlling endogenous circadian rhythms. The neuronal and hormonal activities it generates regulate many different body functions over a 24-hour period. The SCN, pine cone shaped and the size of a grain of rice, interacts with many other regions of the brain. It contains several cell types and several different peptides and neurotransmitters. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Suprachiasmatic_nucleus medial preoptic nucleus ABA:MPN FMA:67890 MA:0000840 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_706 SCTID:369128005 The medial preoptic nucleus is bounded laterally by the lateral preoptic nucleus, and medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone, controls copulation in males, and is larger in males than in females.[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002035 UBERON:FMA_67890-MA_0000840 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG medial preoptic hypothalamic nucleus uberon The medial preoptic nucleus is bounded laterally by the lateral preoptic nucleus, and medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone, controls copulation in males, and is larger in males than in females.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_preoptic_nucleus#Medial_preoptic_nucleus Wikipedia:Sexually_dimorphic_nucleus MA striated muscle tissue AAO:0010762 AEO:0000140 EHDAA2:0003140 FMA:67905 MA:0002438 OpenCyc:Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Tissue which consists of striated muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue[FMA]. UBERON:0002036 UBERON:FMA_67905-MA_0002438 WBbt:0005779 galen:StriatedMuscle ncithesaurus:Striated_Muscle_Tissue striated muscle uberon FMA:67905 Tissue which consists of striated muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue[FMA]. Wikipedia:Striated_muscle cerebellum AAO:0010485 ABA:CB BM:CB BTO:0000232 EFO:0000327 EHDAA2:0000232 EMAPA:17787 EV:0100293 FMA:67944 GAID:595 MA:0000198 MAT:0000110 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.200 MIAA:0000110 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1489 OpenCyc:Mx4rvl1eipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. SCTID:180924008 TAO:0000100 UBERON:0002037 UBERON:FMA_67944-FMA_78469-MA_0000196-MA_0000198-MIAA_0000110-XAO_0003098-XAO_0003099-ZFA_0000100-ZFA_0000110 VHOG:0000024 XAO:0003098 ZFA:0000100 epencephalon-1 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png/200px-Cerebellum_NIH.png ncithesaurus:Cerebellum note that almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem uberon BTO:0000232 ISBN:3764351209 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.200 Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. ZFA:0000100 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 FMA MA NIF ZFA definitional substantia nigra BTO:0000143 EFO:0000922 EHDAA2:0004711 EV:0100247 FMA:67947 GAID:581 MA:0000210 MAT:0000504 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.687 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_789 SCTID:279286002 Soemmering's substance Subdivision of the midbrain anterior to the midbrain tegmentum which contains darkly pigmented neurons[FMA]. TODO: In BTO and NIF, part of basal ganglion which is part of telencephalon - but this is inconsistent with being part of midbrain, if these are spatially disjoint, as in ABA UBERON:0002038 UBERON:FMA_67947-MA_0000210 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Midbraincrosssection.png/200px-Midbraincrosssection.png ncithesaurus:Substantia_Nigra nucleus of basis pedunculi substancia nigra uberon NIF Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra substancia nigra FMA:67947 Subdivision of the midbrain anterior to the midbrain tegmentum which contains darkly pigmented neurons[FMA]. Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra multiple inferior phrenic vein FMA:68068 MA:0002195 SCTID:286500002 The Inferior Phrenic Veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; the right ends in the inferior vena cava; the left is often represented by two branches, one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002039 UBERON:FMA_68068-MA_0002195 uberon venae phrenicae inferiores Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_vein venae phrenicae inferiores The Inferior Phrenic Veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; the right ends in the inferior vena cava; the left is often represented by two branches, one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_vein bronchial artery EMAPA:18608 FMA:68109 GAID:477 In human anatomy, the bronchial arteries help supply the lungs with oxygenated blood. Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001923 MESH:A.07.231.114.158 OpenCyc:Mx4r4sy0UiNbEd2AAAACs6hRXg SCTID:244247009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002040 UBERON:FMA_68109-MA_0001923 bronchial arterial tree http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray1032.png/200px-Gray1032.png ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Artery rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae, arteriae bronchiales uberon Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae, arteriae bronchiales In human anatomy, the bronchial arteries help supply the lungs with oxygenated blood. Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery terminal bronchus FMA:68416 MA:0000440 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002041 UBERON:FMA_68416-MA_0000440 uberon endothelium of lymphatic vessel An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Obol]. BTO:0004303 FMA:68444 MA:0000750 MESH:A.10.272.491.332 TAO:0005258 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002042 UBERON:FMA_68444-MA_0000750 ZFA:0005258 endothelium of lymph vessel lymph vessel endothelium lymphatic endothelium lymphatic vessel endothelium ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel_Endothelium uberon OBOL:automatic lymph vessel endothelium BTO:0004303 lymphatic endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph vessel An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Obol]. OBOL:automatic dorsal raphe nucleus A large raphe nucleus extending from the anterior part of the pons through the mesencephalon; its neurons are serotoninergic[NIF]. The dorsal raphe nucleus is a part of the raphe nucleus and consists of rostral and caudal subdivisions. The rostral aspect of the dorsal raphe is further divided into interfascicular, ventral, ventrolateral and dorsal subnuclei. The projections of the dorsal raphe have been found to vary topographically, and thus the subnuclei differ in their projections. An increased number of cells in the lateral aspects of the dorsal raphe is characteristic of humans and other primates. [WP,unvetted]. ABA:DR BM:MB-DR BTO:0002434 EFO:0001919 FMA:68462 MA:0002980 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_982 TAO:0000366 TODO check dorsal vs inferior. ZF has no pons. UBERON:0002043 UBERON:FMA_68462-ZFA_0000366 ZFA:0000366 cell group b7 dorsal nucleus of the raphe dorsal nucleus raphe dorsal raphe http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Drn.png/200px-Drn.png inferior raphe nucleus nucleus raphe posterior, nucleus raphe dorsalis nucleus raphes dorsalis nucleus raphes posterior nucleus raphes posterior posterior raphe nucleus posterior raphe nucleus uberon FMA:68462 cell group b7 GO:0021724 inferior raphe nucleus GO:0021724 posterior raphe nucleus BTO:0002434 BrainInfo:512 nucleus raphes dorsalis Wikipedia Wikipedia BrainInfo:512 FMA:68462 dorsal nucleus of the raphe NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_982 dorsal raphe FMA:68462 dorsal nucleus raphe Wikipedia:Dorsal_raphe_nucleus nucleus raphe posterior, nucleus raphe dorsalis FMA:TA nucleus raphes posterior FMA:68462 posterior raphe nucleus A large raphe nucleus extending from the anterior part of the pons through the mesencephalon; its neurons are serotoninergic[NIF]. The dorsal raphe nucleus is a part of the raphe nucleus and consists of rostral and caudal subdivisions. The rostral aspect of the dorsal raphe is further divided into interfascicular, ventral, ventrolateral and dorsal subnuclei. The projections of the dorsal raphe have been found to vary topographically, and thus the subnuclei differ in their projections. An increased number of cells in the lateral aspects of the dorsal raphe is characteristic of humans and other primates. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_982 Wikipedia:Dorsal_raphe_nucleus https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3248146&group_id=36855 BTO:0002434 nucleus raphes posterior ventral nucleus of posterior commissure ABA:ND BM:MB-D Darkshevich's nucleus FMA:68464 MA:0001072 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_896 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002044 UBERON:FMA_68464-MA_0001072 nucleus of darkschewitsch uberon cuneate nucleus ABA:CU BM:Me-Cu Burdach's nucleus FMA:68465 MA:0001035 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2640 One of the dorsal column nuclei, the cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the closed part of the medulla oblongata. It contains cells that give rise to the cuneate tubercle, visible on the posterior aspect of the medulla. It lies laterally to the gracile nucleus and medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002045 UBERON:FMA_68465-MA_0001035 burdachs nucleus cuneate http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png ncithesaurus:Cuneate_Nucleus nucleus cuneatus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2640 burdachs nucleus Wikipedia:Cuneate_nucleus nucleus cuneatus One of the dorsal column nuclei, the cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the closed part of the medulla oblongata. It contains cells that give rise to the cuneate tubercle, visible on the posterior aspect of the medulla. It lies laterally to the gracile nucleus and medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cuneate_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2640 cuneate thyroid gland A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body[GAID]. AAO:0010544 BTO:0001379 EFO:0000861 EHDAA2:0002028 EHDAA:2148 EHDAA:2975 EMAPA:17068 EMAPA:18698 EMAPA:18827 EV:0100133 FMA:9603 GAID:465 MA:0000129 MAT:0000081 MESH:A.06.407.900 MIAA:0000081 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181117000 UBERON:0002046 UBERON:FMA_68805-FMA_9603-MA_0000129-MA_0000726-MIAA_0000081-XAO_0000162-ZFA_0001072 VHOG:0000418 XAO:0000162 galen:ThyroidGland glandula thyroidea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Illu_endocrine_system.jpg/200px-Illu_endocrine_system.jpg ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland thyroid uberon A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body[GAID]. BTO:0001379 GAID:465 Wikipedia:Thyroid Wikipedia:Thyroid glandula thyroidea UBERONREF:0000002 pontine raphe nucleus ABA:RPO FMA:68875 MA:0001022 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1110 The Pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002047 UBERON:FMA_68875-MA_0001022 nucleus raphes pontis raphe of pons raphe pontis raphe pontis nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus nucleus raphes pontis The Pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus FMA:68875 FMA:TA raphe pontis Wikipedia lung AAO:0000275 AAO:0010567 BTO:0000763 EFO:0000934 EHDAA2:0001042 EHDAA:1554 EHDAA:2205 EMAPA:16728 EV:0100042 FMA:7195 GAID:345 MA:0000415 MAT:0000135 MESH:A.04.411 MIAA:0000135 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Respiration organ present in all air-breathing animals whose principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere[WP]. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax[GO]. SCTID:181216001 UBERON:0002048 UBERON:FMA_68877-FMA_7195-MA_0000415-MIAA_0000135-XAO_0000119 VHOG:0000310 XAO:0000119 galen:Lung ncithesaurus:Lung respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi // Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] uberon BTO:0000763 Respiration organ present in all air-breathing animals whose principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere[WP]. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax[GO]. Wikipedia:Lung some species only have a single lung GO vasculature BTO:0003718 FMA:69050 TAO:0001079 TAO:0005249 UBERON:0002049 UBERON:FMA_69050-XAO_0001010-ZFA_0001079 ZFA:0005249 an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg/200px-Circulatory_System_en.svg.png see also: vascular system uberon vascular network ZFA:0005249 an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. FMA FMA:69050 vascular network embryonic structure AAO:0000138 AEO:0000125 Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. BILA:0000034 BTO:0000174 EFO:0000461 FBbt:00004208 FMA:69067 GAID:407 MESH:A.16 Note in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 SCTID:667009 TAO:0001105 UBERON:0002050 UBERON:FMA_69067-XAO_0003042-ZFA_0001105 VSAO:0000178 XAO:0003042 ZFA:0001105 developing embryonic structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic anatomical structure ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Structure uberon RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 embryonic anatomical structure BTO:0000174 embryonale Struktur Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. BTO:0000174 ZFIN:curator FBbt:00004208 developing embryonic structure epithelium of bronchiole An epithelium that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. BTO:0001866 FMA:62497 FMA:69077 MA:0001772 Note that in FMA2 and FMA3, lobular bronchiole is an exact synonym of bronchiole; however there are two distinct terms for the corresponding epithelium. UBERON:0002051 UBERON:FMA_69077-MA_0001772 bronchiolar epithelium bronchiole epithelial tissue bronchiole epithelium epithelial tissue of bronchiole epithelial tissue of lobular bronchiole epithelium of lobular bronchiole lobular bronchiole epithelial tissue lobular bronchiole epithelium ncithesaurus:Bronchiole_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of lobular bronchiole OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchiole An epithelium that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchiole epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lobular bronchiole BTO:0001866 bronchiolar epithelium OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole epithelial tissue capsule of adrenal gland FMA:69087 MA:0000117 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002052 UBERON:FMA_69087-MA_0000117 adrenal gland capsule ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Gland_Capsule uberon zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland BTO:0000048 FMA:69225 GAID:449 MA:0001891 MESH:A.06.407.071.140.960 SCTID:21476003 The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, lying directly beneath the adrenal gland's capsule. Its cells are ovoid in shape and are arranged in clusters or arches. In response to increased potassium levels, renin or decreased blood flow to the kidneys, cells of the zona glomerulosa produce and secrete the mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood as part of the renin-angiotensin system. Aldosterone regulates the body's concentration of electrolytes, primarily sodium and potassium, by acting on the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephrons to: increase sodium reabsorption increase potassium excretion increase water reabsorption through osmosis The enzyme aldosterone synthase acts in this location. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002053 UBERON:FMA_69225-MA_0001891 adrenal gland zona glomerulosa glomerulosa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png uberon zona glomerulosa zona glomerulosa of suprarenal gland MA:0001891 adrenal gland zona glomerulosa The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, lying directly beneath the adrenal gland's capsule. Its cells are ovoid in shape and are arranged in clusters or arches. In response to increased potassium levels, renin or decreased blood flow to the kidneys, cells of the zona glomerulosa produce and secrete the mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood as part of the renin-angiotensin system. Aldosterone regulates the body's concentration of electrolytes, primarily sodium and potassium, by acting on the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephrons to: increase sodium reabsorption increase potassium excretion increase water reabsorption through osmosis The enzyme aldosterone synthase acts in this location. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Zona_glomerulosa BTO:0000048 glomerulosa MA zona fasciculata of adrenal gland BTO:0000050 FMA:69234 GAID:448 MA:0001890 MESH:A.06.407.071.140.950 SCTID:56069004 The zona fasciculata constitutes the middle zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa. Constituent cells are organized into bundles or 'fascicles'. The zona fasciculata chiefly produces glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol in the human), which regulates the metabolism of glucose, especially in times of stress (e.g. , part of the fight-or-flight response). This tissue also generates a small amount of weak androgens. In certain animals such as rodents, the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol. Steroid-producing adrenal tumours and hyperplasias of the zona fasciculata result in excess cortisol production and are the cause for adrenal Cushing's syndrome. The genetic disorder McCune-Albright syndrome can also present Cushing's syndrome in affected patients. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002054 UBERON:FMA_69234-MA_0001890 adrenal gland zona fasciculata http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png uberon zona fasciculata zona fasciculata of suprarenal gland MA The zona fasciculata constitutes the middle zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa. Constituent cells are organized into bundles or 'fascicles'. The zona fasciculata chiefly produces glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol in the human), which regulates the metabolism of glucose, especially in times of stress (e.g. , part of the fight-or-flight response). This tissue also generates a small amount of weak androgens. In certain animals such as rodents, the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol. Steroid-producing adrenal tumours and hyperplasias of the zona fasciculata result in excess cortisol production and are the cause for adrenal Cushing's syndrome. The genetic disorder McCune-Albright syndrome can also present Cushing's syndrome in affected patients. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Zona_fasciculata MA:0001890 adrenal gland zona fasciculata zona reticularis of adrenal gland FMA:69236 GAID:450 MA:0001892 MESH:A.06.407.071.140.970 SCTID:47325000 The zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, lying deep to the zona fasciculata and superficial to the adrenal medulla. The cells are arranged cords that project in different directions giving a net-like appearance (L. reticulum - net). Cells in the zona reticularis produce precursor androgens including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione from cholesterol. DHEA is further converted to DHEA-sulfate via a sulfotransferase, SULT2A1. These precursors are not further converted in the adrenal cortex as the cells lack 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Instead, they are released into the blood stream and taken up in the testis and ovaries to produce testosterone and the estrogens respectively. In some animals like rodents, the reticularis layer does contain 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which along with other enzymes present results in the production of corticosteroids like the fasciculata. In rodents too, the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol as in the human. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002055 UBERON:FMA_69236-MA_0001892 adrenal gland zona reticularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png uberon zona reticularis zona reticularis of suprarenal gland MA:0001892 adrenal gland zona reticularis The zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, lying deep to the zona fasciculata and superficial to the adrenal medulla. The cells are arranged cords that project in different directions giving a net-like appearance (L. reticulum - net). Cells in the zona reticularis produce precursor androgens including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione from cholesterol. DHEA is further converted to DHEA-sulfate via a sulfotransferase, SULT2A1. These precursors are not further converted in the adrenal cortex as the cells lack 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Instead, they are released into the blood stream and taken up in the testis and ovaries to produce testosterone and the estrogens respectively. In some animals like rodents, the reticularis layer does contain 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which along with other enzymes present results in the production of corticosteroids like the fasciculata. In rodents too, the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol as in the human. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Zona_reticularis MA inferior suprarenal artery Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:69264 MA:0002056 SCTID:303426004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002056 UBERON:FMA_69264-MA_0002056 arteria suprarenalis inferior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray1121.png/200px-Gray1121.png ncithesaurus:Inferior_Suprarenal_Artery uberon Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery arteria suprarenalis inferior phrenic artery FMA:69330 MA:0002019 The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002057 UBERON:FMA_69330-MA_0002019 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Artery uberon The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Phrenic_artery ciliary ganglion EFO:0002559 EHDAA2:0000251 EHDAA:5623 EMAPA:18222 FMA:6964 MA:0001136 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100304 SCTID:279281007 The ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located in the posterior orbit. It measures 1–2 millimeters in diameter and contains approximately 2,500 neurons. Preganglionic axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus form synapses with these cells. The postganglionic axons run in the short ciliary nerves and innervate two eye muscles: the sphincter pupillae constricts the pupil, known as Miosis. The opposite, Mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. the ciliaris muscle contracts, releasing tension on the Zonular Fibers, making the lens more convex, also known as accommodation. Both of these muscles are involuntary – they are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002058 UBERON:FMA_6964-MA_0001136 VHOG:0000805 ganglion ciliare http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Augennerven.jpg/200px-Augennerven.jpg uberon The ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located in the posterior orbit. It measures 1–2 millimeters in diameter and contains approximately 2,500 neurons. Preganglionic axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus form synapses with these cells. The postganglionic axons run in the short ciliary nerves and innervate two eye muscles: the sphincter pupillae constricts the pupil, known as Miosis. The opposite, Mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. the ciliaris muscle contracts, releasing tension on the Zonular Fibers, making the lens more convex, also known as accommodation. Both of these muscles are involuntary – they are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ciliary_ganglion Wikipedia:Ciliary_ganglion ganglion ciliare submandibular ganglion BTO:0001318 Blandin`s ganglion EHDAA2:0001942 EHDAA:6710 FMA:6966 MA:0002470 The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002059 UBERON:FMA_6966-MA_0002470 ganglion submandibulare http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/Gray778.png/200px-Gray778.png lingual ganglion maxillary ganglion ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Ganglion submaxillary ganglion uberon BTO:0001318 Blandin`s ganglion BTO:0001318 ganglion submandibulare MA:0002470 maxillary ganglion Wikipedia:Submandibular_ganglion ganglion submandibulare MA MA:0002470 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2979467&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 lingual ganglion MA:0002470 submaxillary ganglion The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submandibular_ganglion femoral artery AAO:0010222 BTO:0001624 FMA:70248 GAID:494 MA:0001951 MESH:A.07.231.114.351 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHMI05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244332003 The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002060 UBERON:FMA_70248-MA_0001951 arteria femoralis galen:FemoralArtery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray546.png/200px-Gray546.png ncithesaurus:Femoral_Artery uberon The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Femoral_artery Wikipedia:Femoral_artery arteria femoralis truncus arteriosus EHDAA2:0004143 FMA:70301 GAID:554 MA:0000103 MESH:A.07.541.278.930 OpenCyc:Mx4rquH9YKgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw SCTID:308828009 The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002061 UBERON:FMA_70301-MA_0000103 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. Wikipedia:Truncus_arteriosus_(embryology) MA EHDAA2 endocardial cushion EHDAA2:0000434 EHDAA2:0004028 EHDAA:2586 EMAPA:16696 FMA:70302 GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt MA:0000078 TAO:0001317 The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. UBERON:0002062 UBERON:FMA_70302-MA_0000078-ZFA_0001317 VHOG:0000932 XAO:0004189 ZFA:0001317 atrioventricular cushion cardiac cushion endocardial cushion tissue endocardial cushions http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray465.png/200px-Gray465.png uberon PMID:15797462 cardiac cushion ZFA ZFA EHDAA2:0000434 endocardial cushion tissue UBERONREF:0000002 Wikipedia GO:0003197 The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Endocardial_cushion ZFIN:curator endocardial cushions Wikipedia:Endocardial_cushion atrioventricular cushion sinus venosus AAO:0010505 EHDAA2:0001839 EHDAA:480 EMAPA:16237 FMA:70303 In zebrafish, "the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract"[ZFA:0000154] TAO:0000154 The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarum. UBERON:0002063 UBERON:FMA_70303-ZFA_0000154 VHOG:0000177 ZFA:0000154 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray465.png/200px-Gray465.png inflow tract ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venosus sinus venarum sinus venosus cordis uberon venarum venarum sinus venosus ZFA Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus venarum sinus The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarum. Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus venosus Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus sinus venosus cordis VHOG Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus sinus venarum ZFA:0000154 inflow tract Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus venarum common cardinal vein AAO:0011033 BTO:0004388 Cuvierian duct EHDAA2:0000304 EHDAA:1314 EMAPA:16356 Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo. FMA:70308 SCTID:308783008 TAO:0000186 Taxon notes: Paired in gnathostomes; with only a vestige of the right duct in the adult hagfish (21) and the left duct atrophying at metamorphosis in the lamprey (22)[PMID:20959416, S1] UBERON:0002064 UBERON:FMA_70308-ZFA_0000186 VHOG:0000112 XAO:0000373 ZFA:0000186 duct of Cuvier http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray477.svg/200px-Gray477.svg.png ncithesaurus:Common_Cardinal_Vein uberon BTO:0004388 Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo. Wikipedia:Common_cardinal_veins postcardinal vein AAO:0010511 BTO:0004386 Continuation of the caudal vein cranial to the anal pore. The cardinal vein splits into a pair of vessels in the cranial trunk, just caudal to the radix of the aorta. The posterior cardinals each empty into the common cardinal vein. EHDAA2:0001486 EHDAA:1316 EMAPA:16357 FMA:70314 PCV SCTID:308781005 TAO:0000477 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002065 UBERON:FMA_70314-ZFA_0000477 VHOG:0000111 XAO:0000241 ZFA:0000477 axial vein caudal cardinal veins ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cardinal_Vein posterior cardinal vein uberon Continuation of the caudal vein cranial to the anal pore. The cardinal vein splits into a pair of vessels in the cranial trunk, just caudal to the radix of the aorta. The posterior cardinals each empty into the common cardinal vein. ZFIN:curator umbilical vein BTO:0001509 EFO:0001940 EHDAA:1034 EHDAA:488 EMAPA:16243 EMAPA:16375 EV:0100392 FMA:70317 GAID:542 MA:0002249 MESH:A.07.231.908.670.874 OpenCyc:Mx4rdu17MmWaEd2AAABQjYGu0g RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002107 SCTID:367567000 The umbilical vein is a blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002066 UBERON:FMA_70317-MA_0002249 VHOG:0000015 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray502.png/200px-Gray502.png ncithesaurus:Umbilical_Vein uberon vena umbilicalis cjm Wikipedia:Umbilical_vein vena umbilicalis The umbilical vein is a blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Umbilical_vein dermis AAO:0000128 BTO:0000294 EFO:0000953 EV:0100154 Editor notes: Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers FMA:70323 GAID:1321 MA:0000152 MAT:0000153 MESH:A.17.815.180 MIAA:0000153 SCTID:361696001 TAO:0001119 The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. UBERON:0002067 UBERON:FMA_70323-MA_0000152-MIAA_0000153-XAO_0000217-ZFA_0001119 VHOG:0000108 XAO:0000217 ZFA:0001119 corium cutis dermis; corium ncithesaurus:Dermis uberon vertebrate dermis Wikipedia:Dermis dermis; corium BTO:0000294 cutis definitional BTO:0000294 corium The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. Wikipedia:Dermis ZFIN:curator FMA UBERONREF:0000002 XAO FMA urachus EHDAA2:0002137 EHDAA:7016 EHDAA:9332 EMAPA:18323 FMA:70343 GAID:1313 MA:0001701 MESH:A.16.254.835 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002138 SCTID:276858000 TODO check. Wikipedia and DBPedia disagree - is this a remnant of the allantois? The urachus is an embryological canal connecting the urinary bladder of the fetus with the allantois, a structure that contributes to the formation of the umbilical cord. The lumen (inside) of the urachus is normally obliterated during embryonic development, transforming the urachus into a solid cord, a functionless remnant. The urachus lies in the space of Retzius, between the transversalis fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002068 UBERON:FMA_70343-MA_0001701 VHOG:0000735 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray1156.png/200px-Gray1156.png ncithesaurus:Urachus uberon The urachus is an embryological canal connecting the urinary bladder of the fetus with the allantois, a structure that contributes to the formation of the umbilical cord. The lumen (inside) of the urachus is normally obliterated during embryonic development, transforming the urachus into a solid cord, a functionless remnant. The urachus lies in the space of Retzius, between the transversalis fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Urachus stratum granulosum of epidermis A layer of the epidermis found between the stratum corneum (and possibly stratum lucidum) and stratum spinosum.[1] In this layer, keratinocytes are now called granular cells, and contain keratohyalin and lamellar granules. BTO:0000361 FMA:70344 MA:0000805 SCTID:418563001 UBERON:0002069 UBERON:FMA_70344-MA_0000805 epidermis granular layer epidermis stratum granulosum granular layer of epidermis ncithesaurus:Stratum_Granulosum stratum granulosum uberon FMA:70344 granular layer of epidermis A layer of the epidermis found between the stratum corneum (and possibly stratum lucidum) and stratum spinosum.[1] In this layer, keratinocytes are now called granular cells, and contain keratohyalin and lamellar granules. Wikipedia:Stratum_granulosum BTO:0000361 stratum granulosum superior pancreaticoduodenal artery FMA:70437 MA:0002015 SCTID:244272009 The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002070 UBERON:FMA_70437-MA_0002015 arteria pancreaticoduodenalis superior bauchspeicheldrüsenzwölffingerdarmpulsader@de http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray533.png/200px-Gray533.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Pancreatico-Duodenal_Artery superior pancreatico-duodenal artery superior pancreatoduodenal artery uberon bauchspeicheldrüsenzwölffingerdarmpulsader@de http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.shtml The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.shtml superior pancreatoduodenal artery Wikipedia:Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery arteria pancreaticoduodenalis superior stratum lucidum of epidermis BTO:0000364 FMA:70540 Located between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers, it is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. he keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum do not feature distinct boundaries and are filled with eleidin, an intermediate form of keratin. MA:0000806 UBERON:0002071 UBERON:FMA_70540-MA_0000806 epidermis stratum lucidum ncithesaurus:Stratum_Lucidum stratum conjunctum of epidermis stratum lucidum the layer of lightly staining corneocytes foud between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers; found primarily in the thick epidermis of the palmar and plantar skin and is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. uberon BTO:0000364 stratum lucidum MP:0009610 Wikipedia:Stratum_lucidum the layer of lightly staining corneocytes foud between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers; found primarily in the thick epidermis of the palmar and plantar skin and is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. hypodermis BTO:0004525 FMA:70544 FMA:9630 GAID:929 Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA]. MESH:A.10.165.887 Note that this class combines superficial fascia and hypodermis in FMA. Note also BTO has 'subcutis' TAO:0001136 UBERON:0002072 UBERON:FMA_70544-MIAA_0000418-ZFA_0000117-ZFA_0001136 ZFA:0001136 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png hypoderm ncithesaurus:Superficial_Fascia subcutaneous tissue subcutis superficial fascia tela subcutanea uberon vertebrate hypodermis FMA:9630 superficial fascia Wikipedia:Hypodermis subcutaneous tissue FMA:9630 FMA:TA tela subcutanea Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA]. Wikipedia:Hypodermis ZFIN:curator ZFA hair follicle BTO:0000554 EFO:0002464 EMAPA:29741 EV:0100156 FMA:70660 GAID:934 MA:0000154 MESH:A.10.272.497.500 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280830006 TODO - add new class for MA:0002910 vibrissa follicle UBERON:0002073 UBERON:FMA_70660-MA_0000154 VHOG:0001268 a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]. folliculus pili ncithesaurus:Hair_Follicle uberon vibrissa follicle Wikipedia Wikipedia:Hair_follicle a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]. MP:0010234 vibrissa follicle Wikipedia:Hair_follicle folliculus pili hair shaft BTO:0004672 FMA:70728 MA:0000159 SCTID:361359004 TODO - add distinct subclasses for coat hair vs vibrissa hair The non-growing portion of a hair which protrudes from the skin, i.e., from the follicle[BTO]. the cuticle, and/or cortex and/or medulla of a hair[MP]. UBERON:0002074 UBERON:FMA_70728-MA_0000159 ncithesaurus:Shaft_of_the_Hair scapus pili uberon BTO:0004672 MP:0003809 The non-growing portion of a hair which protrudes from the skin, i.e., from the follicle[BTO]. the cuticle, and/or cortex and/or medulla of a hair[MP]. BTO:0004672 scapus pili FMA viscus AAO:0010386 An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. // An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper. BTO:0001491 EHDAA:512 EMAPA:16245 FMA:7085 MA:0000019 MESH:A.01.960 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 SCTID:118760003 UBERON:0002075 UBERON:FMA_7085-XAO_0003034 XAO:0003034 general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs ncithesaurus:Viscera uberon viscera visceral organ RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 visceral organ An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. // An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper. BTO:0001491 Wikipedia:Viscus cuticle of hair FMA:70933 MA:0000157 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002076 UBERON:FMA_70933-MA_0000157 hair cuticle uberon cortex of hair A cortex that is part of a hair [Obol]. FMA:70934 MA:0000156 SCTID:318832008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002077 UBERON:FMA_70934-MA_0000156 coat hair cortex coat/hair cortex cortex of coat hair cortex of coat/hair hair cortex uberon OBOL:automatic coat/hair cortex OBOL:automatic cortex of coat hair OBOL:automatic cortex of coat/hair OBOL:automatic coat hair cortex A cortex that is part of a hair [Obol]. OBOL:automatic right atrium AAO:0010248 BTO:0001703 EHDAA2:0000290 EMAPA:17321 FMA:7096 MA:0000075 OpenCyc:Mx4runNcs6fqEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] SCTID:244383003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002078 UBERON:FMA_7096-MA_0000075 VHOG:0000328 XAO:0003192 atrium dextrum cardiac right atrium galen:RightAtrium heart right atrium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png ncithesaurus:Right_Atrium right atrium of heart right cardiac atrium uberon Wikipedia:Right_atrium atrium dextrum FMA:FMA Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] Wikipedia:Right_atrium left atrium AAO:0010247 BTO:0001702 EHDAA2:0000275 EMAPA:17315 FMA:7097 Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] MA:0000074 OpenCyc:Mx4rkJN1AagEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw SCTID:244387002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002079 UBERON:FMA_7097-MA_0000074 VHOG:0000369 XAO:0003191 atrium sinistrum cardiac left atrium galen:LeftAtrium heart left atrium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png left atrium of heart left cardiac atrium ncithesaurus:Left_Atrium uberon Wikipedia:Left_atrium atrium sinistrum FMA:FMA Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] Wikipedia:Left_atrium heart right ventricle BTO:0001630 EHDAA2:0000196 EMAPA:17340 FMA:7098 MA:0000093 OpenCyc:Mx4rRMlc0KgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary arterial trunk.[FMA] SCTID:244384009 UBERON:0002080 UBERON:FMA_7098-MA_0000093 VHOG:0000717 cardiac right ventricle galen:RightVentricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png ncithesaurus:Right_Ventricle right ventricle right ventricle of heart uberon ventriculus dexter PMID:17276708 FMA:FMA Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary arterial trunk.[FMA] Wikipedia:Right_ventricle Wikipedia:Right_ventricle ventriculus dexter cjm FMA:7098 right ventricle cardiac atrium AAO:0010246 BTO:0000903 Cardiac atria Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of an atrium.[FMA] EFO:0000277 EFO:0000314 EHDAA2:0000154 EHDAA:1265 EMAPA:16688 EV:0100019 FMA:7099 GAID:555 MA:0000073 MAT:0000496 MESH:A.07.541.358 SCTID:261405004 TAO:0000471 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002081 UBERON:FMA_7099-MA_0000073 VHOG:0000175 ZFA:0000471 atria atrial tissue atrium atrium of heart cardiac atria galen:Atrium heart atrium ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Atrium uberon Cardiac atria atria cardiac atria BTO:0000903 atrial tissue Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of an atrium.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Heart_atrium ZFA:0000471 atrium cardiac ventricle AAO:0010249 BTO:0000862 Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. EFO:0000317 EHDAA2:0004164 EHDAA:1912 EMAPA:17331 EV:0100020 FMA:7100 GAID:568 MA:0000091 MAT:0000497 MESH:A.07.541.560 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:277699000 TAO:0000009 UBERON:0002082 UBERON:FMA_7100-MA_0000091-ZFA_0000009 VHOG:0000435 XAO:0003193 ZFA:0000009 galen:Ventricle heart ventricle lower chamber of heart ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Ventricle uberon ventricle ventricle of heart Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. FMA:7100 ductus venosus EHDAA2:0000422 EHDAA:5402 EMAPA:17343 FMA:71007 In the fetus, the ductus venosus shunts a significant majority (80%) of the blood flow of the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver. In conjunction with the other fetal shunts, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, it plays a critical role in preferentially shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain. The ductus venosus is open at the time of the birth and is the reason why umbilical vein catheterization works. Ductus venosus naturally closes during the first week of life in most full-term neonates; however, it may take much longer to close in pre-term neonates. Functional closure occurs within minutes of birth. Structural closure in term babies occurs within 3 to 7 days. After it closes, the remnant is known as ligamentum venosum[WP]. MA:0002111 SCTID:304829005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002083 UBERON:FMA_71007-MA_0002111 VHOG:0000924 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray502.png/200px-Gray502.png ncithesaurus:Ductus_Venosus uberon In the fetus, the ductus venosus shunts a significant majority (80%) of the blood flow of the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver. In conjunction with the other fetal shunts, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, it plays a critical role in preferentially shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain. The ductus venosus is open at the time of the birth and is the reason why umbilical vein catheterization works. Ductus venosus naturally closes during the first week of life in most full-term neonates; however, it may take much longer to close in pre-term neonates. Functional closure occurs within minutes of birth. Structural closure in term babies occurs within 3 to 7 days. After it closes, the remnant is known as ligamentum venosum[WP]. Wikipedia:Ductus_venosus heart left ventricle BTO:0001629 EHDAA2:0002178 EMAPA:17337 FMA:7101 Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the aorta.[FMA] MA:0000092 OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8v46gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244385005 UBERON:0002084 UBERON:FMA_7101-MA_0000092 VHOG:0000718 cardiac left ventricle galen:LeftVentricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png left cardiac ventricle left ventricle left ventricle of heart ncithesaurus:Left_Ventricle uberon ventriculus sinister cordis Wikipedia:Left_ventricle ventriculus sinister cordis FMA:FMA Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the aorta.[FMA] Wikipedia:Left_ventricle FMA:7101 left ventricle interatrial septum Cardiac septum which separates the right atrium from the left atrium.[FMA] EHDAA2:0000838 EHDAA:1896 EMAPA:17011 FMA:7108 MA:0000084 OpenCyc:Mx4rpd49nLYEEduAAAACs2IKfQ OpenCyc:Mx4rwGvku5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362016003 UBERON:0002085 UBERON:FMA_7108-MA_0000084 VHOG:0000385 atrial septum galen:InteratrialSeptum interatrial septal wall ncithesaurus:Interatrial_Septum uberon Cardiac septum which separates the right atrium from the left atrium.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Interatrial_septum sinoatrial valve FMA:71120 TAO:0000680 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002086 UBERON:FMA_71120-ZFA_0000680 ZFA:0000680 uberon PMID:15797462 atrioventricular canal AV canal EHDAA2:0000152 EHDAA:764 EMAPA:16546 FMA:71121 SCTID:341079007 TAO:0001315 The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle[ZFA]. In the developing heart, the constriction between the atrium and ventricle constitutes the atrial canal, and indicates the site of the future atrioventricular valves[WP]. UBERON:0002087 UBERON:FMA_71121-ZFA_0001315 VHOG:0001473 XAO:0004123 ZFA:0001315 atrial canal canalis atrioventricularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gray464.png/200px-Gray464.png uberon Wikipedia:Atrial_canal atrial canal The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle[ZFA]. In the developing heart, the constriction between the atrium and ventricle constitutes the atrial canal, and indicates the site of the future atrioventricular valves[WP]. Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_canal ZFA:0001315 Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_canal canalis atrioventricularis definitional lateral thoracic vein FMA:71210 MA:0002162 SCTID:53595001 The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002088 UBERON:FMA_71210-MA_0002162 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png uberon vena thoracica lateralis FMA/obol FMA/obol Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_vein vena thoracica lateralis The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_vein thoracodorsal vein FMA:71213 MA:0002238 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002089 UBERON:FMA_71213-MA_0002238 uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol postcranial axial skeleton AAO:0000034 EHDAA2:0000161 EHDAA:5049 EMAPA:17214 EMAPA:18043 MA:0002986 MAT:0000148 MIAA:0000148 TAO:0000317 The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. UBERON:0002090 UBERON:FMA_71221-MA_0000308-MIAA_0000148-XAO_0003073-ZFA_0000317 VHOG:0000317 VSAO:0000093 XAO:0003073 ZFA:0000317 axial skeleton post-cranial axial skeleton previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. uberon MA:0000308 axial skeleton The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. ZFA:0000317 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2983975&group_id=76834&atid=974957 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=2983977&group_id=76834 entire appendicular skeleton AAO:0000747 EFO:0000951 FMA:71222 MA:0000290 MAT:0000278 MIAA:0000278 Note that ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. SCTID:322050006 Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. TAO:0000027 UBERON:0002091 UBERON:FMA_71222-MA_0000290-MIAA_0000278-ZFA_0000027 VSAO:0000076 XAO:0003166 ZFA:0000027 appendicular skeleton ncithesaurus:Appendicular_Skeleton paired fin skeleton skeleton appendiculare uberon Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton skeleton appendiculare paired fin skeleton brain dura mater EMAPA:17766 EMAPA:17785 EMAPA:17793 EV:0100313 FMA:71236 MA:0000815 SCTID:309321003 UBERON:0002092 UBERON:FMA_71236-MA_0000815 VHOG:0000270 cranial dura mater dura mater encephali dura mater of brain ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Dura_Mater the fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer. uberon FMA:71236 cranial dura mater MP:0009025 the fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer. spinal dura mater A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. EMAPA:17806 FMA:71237 MA:0001132 SCTID:362302001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002093 UBERON:FMA_71237-MA_0001132 VHOG:0000411 dura mater of neuraxis of spinal cord dura mater of spinal cord ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Dura_Mater spinal cord dura mater spinal cord dura mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic spinal cord dura mater of neuraxis A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of spinal cord interventricular septum BTO:0002483 Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA] EFO:0001956 EHDAA2:0000885 EHDAA:2603 EMAPA:17333 FMA:7133 MA:0000085 OpenCyc:Mx4rwA7lp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362019005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002094 UBERON:FMA_7133-MA_0000085 VHOG:0000386 galen:InterventricularSeptum heart interventricular septum heart ventricular septum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray498.png/200px-Gray498.png interventricular septum of heart interventriculare cordis ncithesaurus:Interventricular_Septum s. interventriculare cordis uberon ventricular septum BTO:0002483 interventricular septum of heart MA:0000085 heart interventricular septum Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum MA:0000085 heart ventricular septum Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum s. interventriculare cordis MA:0000085 ventricular septum BTO:0002483 interventriculare cordis mesentery AAO:0011061 Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. BTO:0001380 EV:0100083 FMA:7144 GAID:21 MESH:A.01.047.025.600.451 Note that in Uberon, this term is used in the generic sense, not necessarily restricted to the peritoneum, consistent with FMA. WP: "In anatomy, the mesentery is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its meaning, however, is frequently extended to include double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity.". TODO - check. Consider FMA:259286 - Region of mesentery. SCTID:362707009 UBERON:0002095 UBERON:FMA_7144-XAO_0000138-ZFA_0005129 galen:Mesentery generic mesentery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray1038.png/200px-Gray1038.png mesentery (generic) ncithesaurus:Mesentery uberon Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. FMA:7144 Wikipedia:Mesentery Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28general.29 Wikipedia:Mesentery mesentery (generic) definitional Wikipedia:Mesentery generic mesentery skin of body BTO:0001253 EFO:0000962 EHDAA2:0001844 EMAPA:17525 FMA:7163 MESH:A.17.815 Nonparenchymatous organ that consists of the dermis and epidermis. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body. Examples: There is only one skin[FMA]. Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal. Note that FMA uses 'skin' for the entire organ. XAO seems consistent. MA seems to use it analagously to zone of skin OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181469002 UBERON:0002097 UBERON:FMA_7163-MA_0000151-MIAA_0000284-XAO_0000023 XAO:0000023 entire skin galen:Skin http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png integument ncithesaurus:Skin pelt skin uberon FMA:7163 Nonparenchymatous organ that consists of the dermis and epidermis. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body. Examples: There is only one skin[FMA]. Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal. OMD:skin Wikipedia:Skin apex of heart FMA:7164 MA:0000488 SCTID:362009004 The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002098 UBERON:FMA_7164-MA_0000488 cardiac apex heart apex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png ncithesaurus:Apex_of_the_Heart uberon The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Apex_of_the_heart cardiac septum FMA:7180 GAID:562 MA:0000083 MESH:A.07.541.459 Note in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this. Taxon notes: "Terrestrial vertebrates have divided hearts in which septae separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the pulmonary and systemic circulations" SCTID:362014000 The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. UBERON:0002099 UBERON:FMA_7180-MA_0000083 XAO:0004141 cardiac septa heart septa heart septum ncithesaurus:Heart_Septum septum of heart uberon MESH:A.07.541.459 The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. cardiac septa heart septa trunk AAO:0000612 AAO:0010339 BILA:0000116 BTO:0001493 EFO:0000966 FMA:7181 MA:0000004 MAT:0000296 MIAA:0000296 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail. Rumpf SCTID:262225004 TAO:0001115 UBERON:0002100 UBERON:FMA_7181-MIAA_0000296-XAO_0003025-ZFA_0001115 XAO:0003025 ZFA:0001115 editor note - check AAO galen:Trunk ncithesaurus:Trunk torso trunk region uberon AAO:0000612 trunk region BTO:0001493 Rumpf Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail. TAO:0001115 Wikipedia:Torso limb A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts. AAO:0010336 EFO:0000876 EHDAA2:0003172 EHDAA:1697 EHDAA:8273 EMAPA:16405 FMA:24875 GAID:36 MA:0000007 MAT:0000090 MIAA:0000090 OpenCyc:Mx4rvn1uSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:243996003 UBERON:0002101 VHOG:0000336 VSAO:0000121 XAO:0003027 flipper free limb galen:Extremity limb sensu vertebrata ncithesaurus:Limb tetrapod limb uberon A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts. UBERONREF:0000003 Wikipedia:Limb MAT:0000090 limb sensu vertebrata FMA:24875 free limb flipper forelimb A (free) limb that is connected to a pectoral girdle. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its parts. AAO:0000205 AO notes: note that this corresponds to FMA:'free upper limb' (a limb segment), NOT 'upper limb'. Both MA and FMA consider shoulder (and shoulder bones) part of upper limb. Usage notes: Note distinction between arm and forelimb. hand is part of forelimb, but not part of arm BTO:0001729 EFO:0000882 EHDAA2:0002133 EHDAA:6208 EMAPA:17412 EV:0100014 FMA:24878 GAID:1215 GAID:51 MA:0000025 MAT:0000394 MESH:A.13.395 MIAA:0000394 SCTID:182245002 UBERON:0002102 UBERON:FMA_7183-MA_0000025-MIAA_0000394-XAO_0003030 VHOG:0000338 XAO:0003030 anteriormost limb fore limb foreleg forelimb free part of upper limb free upper limb galen:UpperExtremity membrum superius ncithesaurus:Upper_Extremity pectoral limb superior member uberon upper extremity upper limb FMA:7183 FMA:TA membrum superius FMA:24878 free part of upper limb FMA:24878 UBERONREF:0000003 free upper limb A (free) limb that is connected to a pectoral girdle. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its parts. UBERONREF:0000003 Wikipedia:Forelimb hindlimb A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts. AAO:0000219 AO notes: note that this corresponds to FMA:'free lower limb' (a limb segment), NOT 'lower limb'. Both MA and FMA consider shoulder (and shoulder bones) part of upper limb. Note that AAO class probably refers to skeleton BTO:0002345 EFO:0000883 EHDAA2:0001033 EHDAA:6094 EMAPA:17458 EV:0100015 FMA:24879 GAID:1221 GAID:38 MA:0000026 MAT:0000395 MESH:A.13.473 MIAA:0000395 SCTID:182281004 UBERON:0002103 UBERON:FMA_7184-MA_0000026-MIAA_0000395-XAO_0003031 VHOG:0000337 XAO:0003031 free lower limb galen:LowerExtremity hind limb hindlimb http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray1239.png/200px-Gray1239.png inferior member lower extremity lower limb membrum inferius membrum inferius ncithesaurus:Hind_Limb ncithesaurus:Lower_Extremity pelvic appendage uberon FMA:24879 UBERONREF:0000003 free lower limb A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts. UBERONREF:0000003 Wikipedia:Lower_limb FMA:7184 FMA:TA membrum inferius Wikipedia:Lower_limb membrum inferius visual system . AAO:0000632 FMA:7191 MA:0002444 NIF_GrossAnatomy:FMAID_7191 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:281831001 TAO:0001127 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002104 UBERON:FMA_7191-MA_0002444-ZFA_0001127 XAO:0003198 ZFA:0001127 ncithesaurus:Visual_System uberon visual organ system . Wikipedia:Visual_system vestibulo-auditory system A sensory system for the sense of hearing[WP]. AAO:0000631 Auditory system is general anatomical term in FMA FMA:7192 FMA:78500 MA:0002443 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090817 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViwtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001138 UBERON:0002105 UBERON:FMA_7192-MA_0002443 XAO:0003195 ZFA:0001138 auditory organ system auditory system auditory/vestibular system http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HumanEar.jpg/200px-HumanEar.jpg ncithesaurus:Auditory_System uberon vestibuloauditory system vestibuloauditory system A sensory system for the sense of hearing[WP]. Wikipedia:Auditory_system spleen AAO:0010395 BTO:0001281 EFO:0000869 EMAPA:18767 EV:0100055 FMA:7196 GAID:1289 MA:0000141 MAT:0000085 MESH:A.15.382.520.604.713 MIAA:0000085 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system.[1] In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve in case of hemorrhagic shock, especially in animals like horses (not in humans), while recycling iron.[2] It synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes, from blood and lymph node circulation, antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells. SCTID:181279003 TAO:0000436 Taxon notes: Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) [PMID:20959416] UBERON:0002106 UBERON:FMA_7196-MA_0000141-MIAA_0000085-XAO_0000328-ZFA_0000436 VHOG:0000120 XAO:0000328 ZFA:0000436 galen:Spleen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illu_spleen.jpg/200px-Illu_spleen.jpg ncithesaurus:Spleen splen, lien uberon Organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system.[1] In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve in case of hemorrhagic shock, especially in animals like horses (not in humans), while recycling iron.[2] It synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes, from blood and lymph node circulation, antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells. Wikipedia:Spleen Wikipedia:Spleen splen, lien liver AAO:0010111 AO notes: Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. Taxon notes: WP: The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates.[7] An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. BTO:0000759 EFO:0000887 EHDAA2:0000997 EHDAA:2197 EMAPA:16846 EV:0100089 FMA:7197 GAID:288 MA:0000358 MAT:0000097 MESH:A.03.620 MIAA:0000097 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181268008 TAO:0000123 UBERON:0002107 UBERON:FMA_7197-MA_0000358-MIAA_0000097-XAO_0000133-ZFA_0000123 VHOG:0000257 XAO:0000133 ZFA:0000123 galen:Liver http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg/200px-Leber_Schaf.jpg jecur, iecer ncithesaurus:Liver uberon definitional ZFA-weakened An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. BTO:0000759 Wikipedia:Liver EHDAA2 ZFA EHDAA2 FMA http://www.stembook.org/node/512 ZFA Wikipedia:Liver jecur, iecer small intestine AAO:0010397 BTO:0000651 EFO:0000841 EV:0100072 FMA:7200 GAID:313 MA:0000337 MAT:0000047 MESH:A.03.492.411.620 MIAA:0000047 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the stomach and distally with the large intestine[FMA]. The passage from the posterior intestine, from the rectal valve to the opening to the exterior. // The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a> SCTID:181250005 TAO:0001323 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002108 UBERON:FMA_7200-MA_0000337-MIAA_0000047-XAO_0000130-ZFA_0001323 VHOG:0000055 XAO:0000130 ZFA:0001323 anterior intestine galen:SmallIntestine http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg/200px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg.png intestinum tenue mid intestine ncithesaurus:Small_Intestine small bowel small intestine uberon Wikipedia:Small_intestine intestinum tenue FMA:7200 Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the stomach and distally with the large intestine[FMA]. The passage from the posterior intestine, from the rectal valve to the opening to the exterior. // The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a> WA:dh Wikipedia:Small_intestine ZFIN:curator BTO:0000651 intestinum tenue pair of nares FMA:72005 Note this is a "set of anatomical planes" in FMA OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Pair of nostrils. UBERON:0002109 UBERON:FMA_72005-ZFA_0000550 nares nares set nostrils pair of nostrils uberon Pair of nostrils. Wikipedia:Nares gallbladder AAO:0010114 BTO:0000493 EFO:0000853 EHDAA2:0000699 EHDAA:8062 EMAPA:17202 EV:0100090 FMA:7202 MA:0000356 MAT:0000072 MESH:A.03.159.439 MIAA:0000072 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) SCTID:181269000 TAO:0000208 UBERON:0002110 UBERON:FMA_7202-MA_0000356-MIAA_0000072-XAO_0000135-ZFA_0000208 VHOG:0000221 XAO:0000135 ZFA:0000208 a small organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cystic duct and distally terminates in the fundus of the gallbladder[FMA]. galen:Gallbladder gall bladder http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg/200px-Abdomal_organs.svg.png ncithesaurus:Gallbladder uberon vesica fellea; vesica biliaris Wikipedia:Gallbladder vesica fellea; vesica biliaris definitional FMA:7202 Wikipedia:Gallbladder a small organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cystic duct and distally terminates in the fundus of the gallbladder[FMA]. artery smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Obol]. BTO:0000087 FMA:72024 MA:0000708 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002111 UBERON:FMA_72024-MA_0000708 arterial smooth muscle artery smooth muscle artery smooth muscle tissue ncithesaurus:Artery_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue smooth muscle of artery uberon BTO:0000087 arterial smooth muscle FMA:72024 smooth muscle of artery A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Obol]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of esophagus A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. FMA:72025 MA:0001573 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002112 UBERON:FMA_72025-MA_0001573 esophagus involuntary muscle esophagus non-striated muscle esophagus smooth muscle esophagus smooth muscle tissue gullet involuntary muscle gullet non-striated muscle gullet smooth muscle gullet smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of esophagus involuntary muscle of gullet involuntary muscle of oesophagus non-striated muscle of esophagus non-striated muscle of gullet non-striated muscle of oesophagus oesophagus involuntary muscle oesophagus non-striated muscle oesophagus smooth muscle oesophagus smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of gullet smooth muscle of oesophagus smooth muscle tissue of esophagus smooth muscle tissue of gullet smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus uberon OBOL:automatic oesophagus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic gullet involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of esophagus OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of gullet OBOL:automatic esophagus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gullet OBOL:automatic gullet smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of esophagus OBOL:automatic gullet non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic esophagus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of gullet OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of gullet OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of oesophagus OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic gullet smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of esophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of oesophagus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic esophagus non-striated muscle kidney A paired organ which has the production of urine as its primary function. AAO:0000250 BTO:0000671 EFO:0000929 EV:0100096 FMA:7203 GAID:423 MA:0000368 MAT:0000119 MESH:A.05.810.453 MIAA:0000119 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181414000 TAO:0000529 UBERON:0002113 UBERON:FMA_7204-MA_0001683 UBERON:FMA_7205-MA_0001655 XAO:0003267 galen:Kidney kidney ncithesaurus:Kidney uberon FMA A paired organ which has the production of urine as its primary function. Wikipedia:Kidney definitional duodenum AAO:0010402 BTO:0000365 EFO:0000851 EHDAA:3830 EHDAA:3937 EMAPA:17178 EMAPA:17193 EMAPA:18661 EMAPA:18852 EV:0100073 FMA:7206 GAID:284 MA:0000338 MAT:0000044 MESH:A.03.492.411.620.270 MIAA:0000044 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181247007 The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002114 UBERON:FMA_7206-MA_0000338-MIAA_0000044-XAO_0000236 VHOG:0000052 XAO:0000236 galen:Duodenum ncithesaurus:Duodenum proximal intestine uberon upper intestine BTO:0000365 proximal intestine ISBN:0815318960 The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). Wikipedia:Duodenum BTO:0000365 upper intestine jejunum BTO:0000657 EFO:0001333 EMAPA:18666 EMAPA:18932 EV:0100074 FMA:7207 GAID:318 MA:0000340 MAT:0000045 MESH:A.03.492.411.620.625 MIAA:0000045 OpenCyc:Mx4rwATkPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181248002 TODO consider ZFA:0001323 mid intestine, see also small intestine The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002115 UBERON:FMA_7207-MA_0000340-MIAA_0000045 VHOG:0000053 galen:Jejunum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg/200px-Illu_small_intestine.jpg intestinum jejunum middle intestine ncithesaurus:Jejunum uberon BTO:0000657 intestinum jejunum BTO:0000657 middle intestine The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Jejunum Wikipedia ileum AAO:0010403 BTO:0000620 EFO:0001334 EV:0100075 FMA:7208 GAID:315 MA:0000339 MAT:0000282 MESH:A.03.492.411.620.484 MIAA:0000282 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdcLHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181249005 TODO consider ZFA:0000706 posterior intestine, see also colon The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002116 UBERON:FMA_7208-MA_0000339-MIAA_0000282-XAO_0000237 VHOG:0000647 XAO:0000237 distal intestine galen:Ileum intestinum ileum lower intestine ncithesaurus:Ileum uberon BTO:0000620 distal intestine The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ileum BTO:0000620 intestinum ileum BTO:0000620 lower intestine right ovary An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. FMA:7213 MA:0001705 SCTID:280123002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002118 UBERON:FMA_7213-MA_0001705 ncithesaurus:Right_Ovary uberon An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic left ovary An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. FMA:7214 MA:0001704 SCTID:280124008 Taxon notes: In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[Wikipedia:Ovary#In_other_animals] UBERON:0002119 UBERON:FMA_7214-MA_0001704 ncithesaurus:Left_Ovary uberon An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pronephros AAO:0011089 BTO:0001541 EFO:0000927 EHDAA2:0001570 EHDAA:1017 EMAPA:16579 FMA:72170 In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. MAT:0000117 MIAA:0000117 Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104 SCTID:308804007 TAO:0000151 UBERON:0002120 UBERON:0005794 UBERON:FMA_72170-MIAA_0000117-XAO_0002000-ZFA_0000151 VHOG:0000037 XAO:0002000 ZFA:0000151 archinephron embryonic kidney ncithesaurus:Pronephros pronephric kidney pronephron uberon BTO:0001541 archinephron XAO:0002000 pronephric kidney GO ZFA GO GO:0048793 In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. Wikipedia:Pronephros BTO:0001541 pronephron BTO:0001541 embryonic kidney OG capsule of thymus FMA:72204 MA:0000766 SCTID:188181003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002122 UBERON:FMA_72204-MA_0000766 ncithesaurus:Thymic_Capsule the fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus. thymic capsule thymus capsule uberon MP:0002368 the fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus. cortex of thymus BTO:0002934 Cortical portion of thymus, mainly composed of lymphoid cells, supported by a network of finely-branched epithelial reticular cells, which is continuous with a similar network in the medullary portion. This network forms an adventitia to the blood vessels. The cortex is the location of the earliest events in thymocyte development, where T cell receptor gene rearrangement and positive selection takes place. FMA:72205 Histologically, the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. The cortex and medulla play different roles in the development of T cells. Cells in the thymus can be divided into thymic stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin[WP] MA:0000767 SCTID:188262003 UBERON:0002123 UBERON:FMA_72205-MA_0000767 ncithesaurus:Thymus_Cortex thymic cortex thymus cortex uberon BTO:0002934 thymic cortex Cortical portion of thymus, mainly composed of lymphoid cells, supported by a network of finely-branched epithelial reticular cells, which is continuous with a similar network in the medullary portion. This network forms an adventitia to the blood vessels. The cortex is the location of the earliest events in thymocyte development, where T cell receptor gene rearrangement and positive selection takes place. Wikipedia:Thymus#Cortex MA:0000767 thymus cortex medulla of thymus BTO:0004560 EFO:0001969 FMA:72206 MA:0000771 Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size. SCTID:188344009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002124 UBERON:FMA_72206-MA_0000771 medulla of thymus gland ncithesaurus:Thymus_Medulla thymus gland medulla thymus medulla uberon OBOL:automatic medulla of thymus gland OBOL:automatic thymus gland medulla Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size. Wikipedia:Thymus#Medulla lobule of thymus FMA:72215 MA:0000770 SCTID:187882006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002125 UBERON:FMA_72215-MA_0000770 ncithesaurus:Thymic_Lobule the basic structural unit of the thymus. thymic lobule thymus lobule uberon MP:0002367 the basic structural unit of the thymus. MA:0000770 thymus lobule solitary tract nuclear complex FMA:72242 SCTID:369080003 The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002126 UBERON:FMA_72242-MA_0001052 nuclei of solitary tract nucleus tractus solitarii solitary nuclei uberon The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nucleus_of_tractus_solitarius FMA:72242 FMA:TA nucleus tractus solitarii inferior olivary complex ABA:IO BM:Me-IO BTO:0002298 EV:0100277 FMA:72243 MA:0001040 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1164 TAO:0000215 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002127 UBERON:FMA_72243-MA_0001040-ZFA_0000215 ZFA:0000215 caudal olivary nuclei complexus olivaris inferior complexus olivaris inferior; nuclei olivares inferiores http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CerebCircuit.png/200px-CerebCircuit.png inferior olivary nuclear complex inferior olivary nuclei inferior olivary nucleus inferior olive largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. It is closely associated with the cerebellum, but its specific function is voluntary body movements. nuclei olivares caudales nuclei olivares inferiores oliva uberon FMA:72243 FMA:TA oliva BTO:0002298 inferior olivary nuclei FMA:72243 inferior olivary nucleus FMA:72243 inferior olivary nuclear complex BTO:0002298 complexus olivaris inferior BTO:0002298 nuclei olivares caudales BTO:0002298 nuclei olivares inferiores Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. It is closely associated with the cerebellum, but its specific function is voluntary body movements. Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus complexus olivaris inferior; nuclei olivares inferiores FMA:72243 inferior olive BTO:0002298 caudal olivary nuclei superior olivary complex ABA:SOC EV:0100263 FMA:72247 GO -- In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. -- TODO fix GO def to be the same throughout NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1307 The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound[GO]. UBERON:0002128 UBERON:FMA_72247-MA_0001026 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray713.png/200px-Gray713.png nucleus olivaris superior nucleus olivaris superior superior olivary nuclei superior olivary nucleus superior olive uberon FMA:72247 FMA:TA nucleus olivaris superior FMA:72247 superior olivary nuclei FMA:72247 superior olive Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex nucleus olivaris superior FMA:72247 superior olivary nucleus The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound[GO]. Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex cerebellar cortex ABA:CBX BM:CB-Cbx BTO:0000043 EV:0100294 FMA:72248 GAID:596 MA:0000199 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1566 SCTID:361593004 The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function[GO]. The circuits in the cerebellar cortex look similar across all classes of vertebrates, including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals (e.g., Fig. 2). This has been taken as evidence that the cerebellum performs functions important to all vertebrate species. (Wikipedia) UBERON:0002129 UBERON:FMA_72248-MA_0000199 cortex cerebellaris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png/200px-Cerebellum_NIH.png ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Cortex uberon The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function[GO]. Wikipedia:Cerebellar_cortex BTO:0000043 cortex cerebellaris cerebellar nuclear complex ABA:CBN EV:0100299 FMA:72249 GAID:599 MA:0000203 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.200.337 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1568 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002130 UBERON:0004007 UBERON:FMA_72249-MA_0000203 central nuclei cerebellar nuclei deep cerebellar nuclear complex deep cerebellar nuclei deep cerebellar nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray707.png/200px-Gray707.png intracerebellar nuclei intrinsic nuclei of cerebellum nuclei cerebelli nuclei cerebelli roof nuclei-2 the gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP] uberon FMA:72249 FMA:TA nuclei cerebelli Wikipedia:Deep_cerebellar_nuclei nuclei cerebelli MP:0009979 Wikipedia:Deep_cerebellar_nuclei the gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP] NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1568 deep cerebellar nuclear complex anterior lobe of cerebellum EV:0100295 FMA:72251 MA:0000991 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1118 SCTID:279359004 The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. In alcoholics, it can deteriorate. It is sometimes equated to the 'paleocerebellum'. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002131 UBERON:FMA_72251-MA_0000991 anterior cerebellar lobe anterior lobe of cerebellum anterior lobe of the cerebellum cerebellum anterior lobe http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/CerebellumRegions.jpg/200px-CerebellumRegions.jpg uberon The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. In alcoholics, it can deteriorate. It is sometimes equated to the 'paleocerebellum'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_lobe_of_cerebellum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1118 anterior lobe of the cerebellum dentate nucleus ABA:DN BM:CB-CBL EV:0100300 FMA:72260 MA:0001008 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1171 The Dentate nucleus is located within the deep white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere. It is the largest of the four deep cerebellar nuclei, the others being the fastigial nucleus and the interposed nucleus (globose and emboliform nuclei combined). It is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of volitional movements. It therefore receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex. Its efferents project via the superior cerebellar peduncle through the red nucleus to the ventrolateral thalamus (crossing over at the pontomesencephalic junction). It consists of an irregularly folded, of a grayish-yellow color, containing white fibers, and presenting on its antero-medial aspect an opening, the hilus, from which most of the fibers of the superior peduncle emerge. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002132 UBERON:FMA_72260-MA_0001008 dentate cerebellar nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray707.png/200px-Gray707.png lateral cerebellar nucleus lateral nucleus of cerebellum nucleus dentatus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1171 dentate cerebellar nucleus The Dentate nucleus is located within the deep white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere. It is the largest of the four deep cerebellar nuclei, the others being the fastigial nucleus and the interposed nucleus (globose and emboliform nuclei combined). It is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of volitional movements. It therefore receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex. Its efferents project via the superior cerebellar peduncle through the red nucleus to the ventrolateral thalamus (crossing over at the pontomesencephalic junction). It consists of an irregularly folded, of a grayish-yellow color, containing white fibers, and presenting on its antero-medial aspect an opening, the hilus, from which most of the fibers of the superior peduncle emerge. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dentate_nucleus Wikipedia:Dentate_nucleus nucleus dentatus atrioventricular valve AV valve Cardiac valve which has as its parts the leaf of cardiac valve that separates the atrium from the ventricle. // The atrioventricular valve has four distinct leaflets oriented anterior, posterior, left, and right of the atrioventricular orifice. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010912-30'>Hu et al. 2001.</a> EHDAA2:0000153 EHDAA:7421 FMA:7233 MA:0002789 OpenCyc:Mx4rfCfdorrpEduAAAACs6hRXg SCTID:11124005 TAO:0005064 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002133 UBERON:FMA_7233-ZFA_0005064 VHOG:0001472 ZFA:0005064 galen:AtrioventricularValve uberon Cardiac valve which has as its parts the leaf of cardiac valve that separates the atrium from the ventricle. // The atrioventricular valve has four distinct leaflets oriented anterior, posterior, left, and right of the atrioventricular orifice. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010912-30'>Hu et al. 2001.</a> Wikipedia:Heart_valve#Atrioventricular_valves ZFIN:curator PMID:15797462 tricuspid valve Atrioventricular valve which has as its parts the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets, attached to the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve.[FMA] EHDAA2:0004029 EHDAA:7427 EMAPA:17873 FMA:7234 GAID:567 MA:0000090 MESH:A.07.541.510.893 OpenCyc:Mx4rvuWAAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002081 SCTID:181288007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002134 UBERON:FMA_7234-MA_0000090 VHOG:0000816 galen:TricuspidValve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png ncithesaurus:Tricuspid_Valve right atrioventricular valve uberon valva atrioventricularis dextra valva atrioventricularis dextra, valvula tricuspidalis FMA:7234 FMA:TA valva atrioventricularis dextra Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve valva atrioventricularis dextra, valvula tricuspidalis Atrioventricular valve which has as its parts the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets, attached to the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve mitral valve Atrioventricular valve which has as its parts the anterior and posterior leaflets, attached to the fibrous ring of mitral valve.[FMA] EFO:0003933 EHDAA2:0000168 EMAPA:17871 FMA:7235 GAID:565 MA:0000088 MESH:A.07.541.510.507 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4l2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181286006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002135 UBERON:FMA_7235-MA_0000088 VHOG:0000817 bicuspid valve galen:MitralValve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png left atrioventricular valve ncithesaurus:Mitral_Valve uberon valva atrioventricularis sinistra valva atrioventricularis sinistra, valva mitralis Wikipedia:Mitral_valve valva atrioventricularis sinistra, valva mitralis FMA:7235 FMA:TA valva atrioventricularis sinistra Atrioventricular valve which has as its parts the anterior and posterior leaflets, attached to the fibrous ring of mitral valve.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Mitral_valve hilus of dentate gyrus CA4 FMA:72358 MA:0000947 Merge with CA4? NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1482 UBERON:0002136 UBERON:FMA_72358-MA_0000947 dentate gyrus hilus field CA4 of hippocampal formation uberon aortic valve BTO:0004628 Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA] EFO:0003879 EHDAA2:0000134 EHDAA:4410 EMAPA:17870 FMA:7236 GAID:563 Human variation: It is normally tricuspid (with three leaflets), although in 1% of the population it is found to be congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets) MA:0000087 MESH:A.07.541.510.110 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5914JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181287002 UBERON:0002137 UBERON:FMA_7236-MA_0000087 VHOG:0000815 galen:AorticValve ncithesaurus:Aortic_Valve uberon valva aortae Wikipedia:Aortic_valve valva aortae MA Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Aortic_valve habenulo-interpeduncular tract BM:HPT FMA:72400 Meynert's retroflex bundle NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1504 SCTID:369194000 TAO:0000353 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002138 UBERON:FMA_72400-ZFA_0000353 ZFA:0000353 fasciculus retroflexus fasciculus retroflexus (meynert) habenulointerpeduncular fasciculus habenulointerpeduncular tract habenulopeduncular tract tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis uberon ZFA:0000353 tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1504 fasciculus retroflexus (meynert) subcommissural organ BTO:0001820 Editors note: Check ZFA - currently stated as disjoint since the ZFA structure is part of the forebrain FMA:72414 GAID:794 MA:0002941 MESH:A.08.713.810 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1028 SCO SCTID:369193006 The subcommissural organ is a circumventricular organ consisting of ependymal cells which secrete somatostatin. It is named for its location relative to the posterior commissure. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002139 UBERON:FMA_72414-ZFA_0000683 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png organum subcommissurale uberon The subcommissural organ is a circumventricular organ consisting of ependymal cells which secrete somatostatin. It is named for its location relative to the posterior commissure. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subcommissural_organ MA MA Wikipedia:Subcommissural_organ organum subcommissurale parabigeminal nucleus ABA:PBG BM:PBG FMA:72415 MA:0001074 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002140 UBERON:FMA_72415-MA_0001074 uberon parvocellular oculomotor nucleus ABA:EW BM:EW FMA:72424 MA:0001071 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_822 SCTID:62088007 TAO:0000244 The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (also known as the accessory oculomotor nucleus) is the accessory parasympathetic cranial nerve nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, supplying the constricting muscles of the iris. Alternatively, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a term often used to refer to the adjacent population of non-preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion, but rather project to the spinal cord, dorsal raphe nucleus, and septal nuclei. Unlike the classical, preganglionic Edinger-Westphal neurons that contain choline acetyltransferase, neurons of the non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus have been shown to contain various stress- and feeding-related neuropeptides, such as Urocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. Proper nomenclature for this distinct brain region has not yet been established. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002141 UBERON:FMA_72424-MA_0001071 ZFA:0000244 accessory oculomotor nucleus edinger-westphal nucleus nucleus Edinger-Westphal oculomotor nucleus, parvocellular part uberon The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (also known as the accessory oculomotor nucleus) is the accessory parasympathetic cranial nerve nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, supplying the constricting muscles of the iris. Alternatively, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a term often used to refer to the adjacent population of non-preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion, but rather project to the spinal cord, dorsal raphe nucleus, and septal nuclei. Unlike the classical, preganglionic Edinger-Westphal neurons that contain choline acetyltransferase, neurons of the non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus have been shown to contain various stress- and feeding-related neuropeptides, such as Urocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. Proper nomenclature for this distinct brain region has not yet been established. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Edinger-westphal_nucleus ZFA:0000244 nucleus Edinger-Westphal pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus ABA:PPN BM:Pons-PPT FMA:72429 MA:0001020 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1437 The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, PPTN) is located in the brainstem, caudal to the substantia nigra and adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is composed by a wide variety of neurochemical cell types, including cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. In the classical sense, the PPN is considered to be one of the main components of the reticular activating system. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002142 UBERON:FMA_72429-MA_0001020 peduncular pontine nucleus pedunculopontine nucleus uberon The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, PPTN) is located in the brainstem, caudal to the substantia nigra and adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is composed by a wide variety of neurochemical cell types, including cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. In the classical sense, the PPN is considered to be one of the main components of the reticular activating system. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pedunculopontine_tegmental_nucleus dorsal tegmental nucleus ABA:DTN BM:TD FMA:72434 MA:0001013 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_992 TAO:0000346 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002143 UBERON:FMA_72434-ZFA_0000346 VHOG:0001368 ZFA:0000346 dorsal tegmental nucleus (gudden) dorsal tegmental nucleus of gudden gudden nucleus nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis nucleus tegmentalis posterior posterior tegmental nucleus uberon von Gudden's nucleus FMA:72434 FMA:TA nucleus tegmentalis posterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_992 dorsal tegmental nucleus of gudden ZFA:0000346 nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis peripeduncular nucleus ABA:PP BM:MB-PPN FMA:72437 MA:0000875 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1474 Note that FMA and NIF support this being part of midbrain tegmentum; MA places this in the thalamus and ABA supports thalamus. todo - check. for now we take a conservative position and assert overlaps for both rather than part of SCTID:25949000 UBERON:0002144 UBERON:FMA_72437-MA_0000875 a group of neuron cell bodies that form a thin, caplike configuration over the dorsolateral aspect of the crus cerebri; many of its cells are acetylcholinesterase positive. peripeduncular nucleus of pons uberon NIF a group of neuron cell bodies that form a thin, caplike configuration over the dorsolateral aspect of the crus cerebri; many of its cells are acetylcholinesterase positive. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61630 FMA:72437 peripeduncular nucleus of pons MA interpeduncular nucleus ABA:IPN BM:MB-IP FMA:72439 MA:0001069 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1000 TAO:0000903 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002145 UBERON:FMA_72439-MA_0001069 ZFA:0000903 interpeduncular ganglion uberon NIF pulmonary valve Cardiac valve which has as its parts the right anterior, left anterior and posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of pulmonary valve.[FMA] EHDAA2:0001577 EHDAA:4412 EMAPA:17872 FMA:7246 GAID:566 MA:0000089 MESH:A.07.541.510.738 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP6uq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181289004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002146 UBERON:FMA_7246-MA_0000089 VHOG:0000814 galen:PulmonaryValve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Valve pulmonic valve uberon valva trunci pulmonalis Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve valva trunci pulmonalis MA Cardiac valve which has as its parts the right anterior, left anterior and posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of pulmonary valve.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve reticulotegmental nucleus ABA:TRN FMA:72471 MA:0001025 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_882 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002147 UBERON:FMA_72471-MA_0001025 nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis reticular tegmental nucleus reticulotegmental nucleus of pons tegmental reticular nucleus, pontine gray uberon FMA:72471 FMA:TA nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis locus ceruleus ABA:LC BM:Pons-LC BTO:0001408 EFO:0001963 FMA:72478 GAID:577 MA:0001017 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.473 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905 SCTID:369016004 TAO:0000539 TODO - check ZFA/pons. also GO says part of dorsorostral pons The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. UBERON:0002148 UBERON:FMA_72478-MA_0001017-ZFA_0000539 ZFA:0000539 blue nucleus caerulean nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray709.png/200px-Gray709.png locus caeruleus locus cinereus locus coeruleu locus coeruleus ncithesaurus:Locus_Coeruleus nucleus caeruleus nucleus of locus caeruleus nucleus pigmentosus pontis substantia ferruginea uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905 locus caeruleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905 nucleus pigmentosus pontis FMA:72478 FMA:TA nucleus caeruleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905 blue nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905 substantia ferruginea BTO:0001408 locus cinereus GAID:577 GO:0021703 The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. Wikipedia:Locus_ceruleus superior salivatory nucleus ABA:SSN EHDAA2:0004646 FMA:72482 MA:0001027 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1131 SCTID:369028007 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002149 UBERON:FMA_72482-MA_0001027 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/200px-Gray788.png superior salivary nucleus uberon visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum. definitional Wikipedia:Superior_salivatory_nucleus visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum. GO:0021753 superior salivary nucleus superior cerebellar peduncle BM:BC Editor notes: we follow NIF in dividing this into 3 parts. This allows for consistency with ABA MA:0002746 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1711 SCTID:279218008 The superior cerebellar peduncles (brachium conjunctivum), two in number, emerge from the upper and medial part of the white substance of the hemispheres and are placed under cover of the upper part of the cerebellum. They are joined to each other across the middle line by the anterior medullary velum, and can be followed upward as far as the inferior colliculi, under which they disappear. Below, they form the upper lateral boundaries of the fourth ventricle, but as they ascend they converge on the dorsal aspect of the ventricle and thus assist in roofing it in. All fibers (except vestibular fibers to the vestibular nuclei through the inferior cerebellar peduncle) carrying information from the cerebellum to the midbrain and pons pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002150 UBERON:FMA_72495-MA_0002746 brachium conjunctivum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray704.png/200px-Gray704.png pedunculus cerebellaris superior superior peduncle uberon Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle superior peduncle Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle pedunculus cerebellaris superior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1711 brachium conjunctivum The superior cerebellar peduncles (brachium conjunctivum), two in number, emerge from the upper and medial part of the white substance of the hemispheres and are placed under cover of the upper part of the cerebellum. They are joined to each other across the middle line by the anterior medullary velum, and can be followed upward as far as the inferior colliculi, under which they disappear. Below, they form the upper lateral boundaries of the fourth ventricle, but as they ascend they converge on the dorsal aspect of the ventricle and thus assist in roofing it in. All fibers (except vestibular fibers to the vestibular nuclei through the inferior cerebellar peduncle) carrying information from the cerebellum to the midbrain and pons pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle pontine nuclear group ABA:PG BM:Pons-PGr BTO:0003396 FMA:72512 MA:0001021 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1516 SCTID:304942009 The pontine nuclei are a part of the pons which store the memory of intention during motor activity. Corticopontine fibres carry information from the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pontine nucleus in the ventral pons, and the pontocerebellar projection then carries that information to the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle. They therefore allow modification of actions in the light of their outcome, or error correction, and are hence important in learning motor skills. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002151 UBERON:FMA_72512-MA_0001021 nuclei pontis pontine gray pontine gray matter pontine nuclear complex pontine nuclear group pontine nuclei pontine nucleus uberon The pontine nuclei are a part of the pons which store the memory of intention during motor activity. Corticopontine fibres carry information from the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pontine nucleus in the ventral pons, and the pontocerebellar projection then carries that information to the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle. They therefore allow modification of actions in the light of their outcome, or error correction, and are hence important in learning motor skills. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pontine_nuclei BTO:0003396 nuclei pontis Wikipedia:Pontine_nuclei nuclei pontis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1516 pontine gray BTO:0003396 pontine gray matter FMA:72512 pontine nuclear group NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1516 pontine nuclear complex middle cerebellar peduncle BM:Pons-BP FMA:72515 MA:0002745 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1529 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1699 SCTID:279219000 The middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis) are composed entirely of centripetal fibers, which arise from the cells of the nuclei pontis of the opposite side and end in the cerebellar cortex; the fibers are arranged in three fasciculi, superior, inferior, and deep. The superior fasciculus, the most superficial, is derived from the upper transverse fibers of the pons; it is directed backward and lateralward superficial to the other two fasciculi, and is distributed mainly to the lobules on the inferior surface of the cerebellar hemisphere and to the parts of the superior surface adjoining the posterior and lateral margins. The inferior fasciculus is formed by the lowest transverse fibers of the pons; it passes under cover of the superior fasciculus and is continued downward and backward more or less parallel with it, to be distributed to the folia on the under surface close to the vermis. The deep fasciculus comprises most of the deep transverse fibers of the pons. It is at first covered by the superior and inferior fasciculi, but crosses obliquely and appears on the medial side of the superior, from which it receives a bundle; its fibers spread out and pass to the upper anterior cerebellar folia. The fibers of this fasciculus cover those of the restiform body. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002152 UBERON:FMA_72515-MA_0002745 brachium pontis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Gray705.png/200px-Gray705.png pedunculus cerebellaris medius uberon Wikipedia:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle pedunculus cerebellaris medius NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1529 brachium pontis The middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis) are composed entirely of centripetal fibers, which arise from the cells of the nuclei pontis of the opposite side and end in the cerebellar cortex; the fibers are arranged in three fasciculi, superior, inferior, and deep. The superior fasciculus, the most superficial, is derived from the upper transverse fibers of the pons; it is directed backward and lateralward superficial to the other two fasciculi, and is distributed mainly to the lobules on the inferior surface of the cerebellar hemisphere and to the parts of the superior surface adjoining the posterior and lateral margins. The inferior fasciculus is formed by the lowest transverse fibers of the pons; it passes under cover of the superior fasciculus and is continued downward and backward more or less parallel with it, to be distributed to the folia on the under surface close to the vermis. The deep fasciculus comprises most of the deep transverse fibers of the pons. It is at first covered by the superior and inferior fasciculi, but crosses obliquely and appears on the medial side of the superior, from which it receives a bundle; its fibers spread out and pass to the upper anterior cerebellar folia. The fibers of this fasciculus cover those of the restiform body. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle FMA fastigial nucleus ABA:FN BM:CB-CBM FMA:72537 MA:0001009 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1146 The fastigial nucleus or nucleus fastigii refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis, and immediately over the roof of the fourth ventricle, from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter. It is smaller than the nucleus dentatus, but somewhat larger than the nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus, the other two independent centers of gray matter in the cerebellum. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002153 UBERON:FMA_72537-MA_0001009 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray707.png/200px-Gray707.png medial (fastigial) nucleus medial cerebellar nucleus nucleus fastigii roof nucleus-1 uberon The fastigial nucleus or nucleus fastigii refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis, and immediately over the roof of the fourth ventricle, from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter. It is smaller than the nucleus dentatus, but somewhat larger than the nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus, the other two independent centers of gray matter in the cerebellum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Fastigial_nucleus Wikipedia:Fastigial_nucleus nucleus fastigii lateral reticular nucleus ABA:LRN BM:LR Comment: note in ABA this is disjoint from MDR, but we relax this here to accomodate FMA FMA:72574 MA:0001047 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081246 TAO:0000535 The lateral reticular nucleus, of the funiculus, can be divided into three subnuclei, the parvocellular, magnocellular and the subtrigeminal. As is typical of the reticular formation, none of these are very distinct subnuclei, but rather blurred distinctions between cell types and location. The lateral reticular nucleus sends all of its projections to the cerebellum. The parvocellular portion of the LRN and the immediately adjacent magnocellular portion send most their projections to the vermis of the cerebellum. The rest of the magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to the hemisphere regions of the cerebellum. The subtrigeminal nucleus sends its projections to the flocculonodular lobe. All of these efferent pathways are projected in an ipsilateral manner to the cerebellum, the most abundant of which are those to the vermis. This nucleus is also involved in the mediation of inspiration (in-breathing) with a part of the ventral r. nucleus. The afferent pathways to the LRN come from the spinal cord and higher brain structures. Most of the afferents come from the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord and project exclusively to the parts of the LRN that do not receive input from the cortex. The spinal cord projections terminate mostly in the parvocellular region along with the adjacent magnocellular cells. This implies that most input from the spinal cord is relayed into the vermis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002154 UBERON:FMA_72574-MA_0001047-ZFA_0000535 ZFA:0000535 lateral reticular nucleus (medulla) nucleus reticularis lateralis medullae oblongatae uberon FMA Wikipedia:Lateral_reticular_nucleus nucleus reticularis lateralis medullae oblongatae FMA The lateral reticular nucleus, of the funiculus, can be divided into three subnuclei, the parvocellular, magnocellular and the subtrigeminal. As is typical of the reticular formation, none of these are very distinct subnuclei, but rather blurred distinctions between cell types and location. The lateral reticular nucleus sends all of its projections to the cerebellum. The parvocellular portion of the LRN and the immediately adjacent magnocellular portion send most their projections to the vermis of the cerebellum. The rest of the magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to the hemisphere regions of the cerebellum. The subtrigeminal nucleus sends its projections to the flocculonodular lobe. All of these efferent pathways are projected in an ipsilateral manner to the cerebellum, the most abundant of which are those to the vermis. This nucleus is also involved in the mediation of inspiration (in-breathing) with a part of the ventral r. nucleus. The afferent pathways to the LRN come from the spinal cord and higher brain structures. Most of the afferents come from the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord and project exclusively to the parts of the LRN that do not receive input from the cortex. The spinal cord projections terminate mostly in the parvocellular region along with the adjacent magnocellular cells. This implies that most input from the spinal cord is relayed into the vermis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_reticular_nucleus gigantocellular nucleus ABA:GRN FMA:72576 MA:0001037 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005001 The gigantocellular nucleus, as the name indicates, is mainly composed of the so called giant neuronal cells. This nucleus has been known to innervate the caudal hypoglossal nucleus, and responds to glutamateric stimuli. The gigantocellular nucleus excites the hypoglossal nucleus, and can play a role in the actions of the said nerve . This nucleus receives connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Retrograde studies have shown that the deep mesencephalic reticular formation and oral pontine reticular nucleus project to the nucleus gigantocellularis. The dorsal rostral section of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis is also involved mediating in expiration (or out-breathing) along with the parvocellular nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002155 UBERON:FMA_72576-MA_0001037 gigantocellular reticular nucleus nucleus gigantocellularis uberon FMA:72576 FMA:TA nucleus gigantocellularis The gigantocellular nucleus, as the name indicates, is mainly composed of the so called giant neuronal cells. This nucleus has been known to innervate the caudal hypoglossal nucleus, and responds to glutamateric stimuli. The gigantocellular nucleus excites the hypoglossal nucleus, and can play a role in the actions of the said nerve . This nucleus receives connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Retrograde studies have shown that the deep mesencephalic reticular formation and oral pontine reticular nucleus project to the nucleus gigantocellularis. The dorsal rostral section of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis is also involved mediating in expiration (or out-breathing) along with the parvocellular nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gigantocellular_nucleus nucleus raphe magnus ABA:RM EFO:0002518 FMA:72584 MA:0001024 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1363 The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices . All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic effects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002156 UBERON:FMA_72584-MA_0001024 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png magnus raphe nucleus nucleus raphes magnus nucleus raphes magnus raphe magnus raphe magnus nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_magnus raphe magnus FMA:72584 FMA:TA nucleus raphes magnus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1363 raphe magnus nucleus FMA NIF Wikipedia Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_magnus nucleus raphes magnus The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices . All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic effects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_magnus nucleus raphe pallidus ABA:RPA FMA:72586 MA:0001051 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1375 The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Also, the pallidus receives afferents from the medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei . The pallidus has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of a fever as an immunoreaction. It has been implied that the preoptic area is constantly inhibiting the raphe pallidus, especially the rostral portion, with GABA. When the preoptic area receives immune signals from the body, the inhibition stops and the rostral portion of the raphe pallidus excites the intermediolateral cell column, which induces a fever . The raphe pallidus has also been known to mediate the tachycardia response, an extremely high heart rate known to be incited by emotional or psychological stress. Microinjections of a GABA-a antagonist into the raphe pallidus, induces an increased heart rate. Conversely, microinjections of muscimol, a GABA-a agonist, inhibit tachycardia in rats under air-stress stimuli. In both of these cases, GABA is mediating two different sympathetic responses, so clearly the nucleus raphe pallidus is a far more a complex nucleus than previously thought. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002157 UBERON:FMA_72586-MA_0001051 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png nucleus raphes pallidus nucleus raphes pallidus pallidal raphe nucleus raphe pallidus nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_pallidus nucleus raphes pallidus The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Also, the pallidus receives afferents from the medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei . The pallidus has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of a fever as an immunoreaction. It has been implied that the preoptic area is constantly inhibiting the raphe pallidus, especially the rostral portion, with GABA. When the preoptic area receives immune signals from the body, the inhibition stops and the rostral portion of the raphe pallidus excites the intermediolateral cell column, which induces a fever . The raphe pallidus has also been known to mediate the tachycardia response, an extremely high heart rate known to be incited by emotional or psychological stress. Microinjections of a GABA-a antagonist into the raphe pallidus, induces an increased heart rate. Conversely, microinjections of muscimol, a GABA-a agonist, inhibit tachycardia in rats under air-stress stimuli. In both of these cases, GABA is mediating two different sympathetic responses, so clearly the nucleus raphe pallidus is a far more a complex nucleus than previously thought. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_pallidus FMA FMA:72586 FMA:TA nucleus raphes pallidus principal inferior olivary nucleus FMA:72592 MA:0001046 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081248 The inferior olivary nucleus that consists of the major laminar structure. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002158 UBERON:FMA_72592-MA_0001046 chief inferior olivary nucleus convoluted olive inferior olivary complex, principal olive inferior olive principal nucleus inferior olive, principal nucleus main olivary nucleus nucleus olivaris principalis principal nucleus of inferior olive principal olivary nucleus principal olive uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081248 principal olive FMA:72592 FMA:TA nucleus olivaris principalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081248 convoluted olive The inferior olivary nucleus that consists of the major laminar structure. Wikipedia:Olivary_body#Olivary_nuclei medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus FMA:72594 MA:0001045 SCTID:369069003 The inferior olivary nucleus that lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002159 UBERON:FMA_72594-MA_0001045 inferior olivary complex, medial accessory olive inferior olive medial nucleus inferior olive, medial nucleus medial accessory olivary nucleus nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis uberon The inferior olivary nucleus that lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally Wikipedia:Olivary_body#Olivary_nuclei FMA:72594 FMA:TA nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis nucleus prepositus ABA:PRP FMA:72596 MA:0001023 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2652 SCTID:369078009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002160 UBERON:FMA_72596-MA_0001023 nucleus praepositus nucleus prepositus hypoglossus prepositus hypoglossal nucleus prepositus nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2652 nucleus praepositus gracile nucleus ABA:GR BM:Me-Gr EV:0100280 FMA:72602 Goll's nucleus Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body (legs and trunk). It contains second-order neurons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system, which receive inputs from sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and send axons that synapse in the thalamus. The neurons contained within the nucleus form a visible bump called the gracile tubercle on the posterior side of the closed medulla at the floor of the fourth ventricle. The gracile nucleus and fasciculus carry epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from the lower part of the body (below the level of T6 in the spinal cord). The counterpart to the gracile nucleus and fasciculus is the cuneate nucleus and fasciculus, which carries the same type of information, but from the upper body (above T6, excepting the face and ear - the information from the face and ear is carried by the primary sensory trigeminal nucleus). [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001038 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2643 SCTID:369071003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002161 UBERON:FMA_72602-MA_0001038 golls nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray688.png/200px-Gray688.png nucleus gracilis nucleus gracilis uberon Wikipedia:Gracile_nucleus nucleus gracilis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2643 golls nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2643 nucleus gracilis Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body (legs and trunk). It contains second-order neurons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system, which receive inputs from sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and send axons that synapse in the thalamus. The neurons contained within the nucleus form a visible bump called the gracile tubercle on the posterior side of the closed medulla at the floor of the fourth ventricle. The gracile nucleus and fasciculus carry epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from the lower part of the body (below the level of T6 in the spinal cord). The counterpart to the gracile nucleus and fasciculus is the cuneate nucleus and fasciculus, which carries the same type of information, but from the upper body (above T6, excepting the face and ear - the information from the face and ear is carried by the primary sensory trigeminal nucleus). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gracile_nucleus area postrema A small, rounded eminence on each side of the FOURTH VENTRICLE, which receives nerve fibers from the SOLITARY NUCLEUS , SPINAL CORD, and adjacent areas of the MEDULLA. The area postrema lies outside the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and its functions include acting as an emetic chemoreceptor. ABA:AP BTO:0003425 FMA:72607 Function notes: vomiting center in humans[WP] GAID:591 MA:0001034 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.406.286 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2636 SCTID:369039005 TAO:0005146 UBERON:0002162 UBERON:FMA_72607-MA_0001034-ZFA_0005146 ZFA:0005146 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray709.png/200px-Gray709.png uberon MA A small, rounded eminence on each side of the FOURTH VENTRICLE, which receives nerve fibers from the SOLITARY NUCLEUS , SPINAL CORD, and adjacent areas of the MEDULLA. The area postrema lies outside the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and its functions include acting as an emetic chemoreceptor. MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.406.286 Wikipedia:Area_postrema MA ZFA inferior cerebellar peduncle BM:RB FMA:72615 MA:0002744 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1645 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1691 SCTID:362418008 The upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata is occupied by the inferior peduncle, a thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Each cerebellar inferior peduncle connects the medulla spinalis and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum, and comprises the juxtarestiform body and restiform body. Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus, among others. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002163 UBERON:FMA_72615-MA_0002744 corpus restiforme http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gray677.png/200px-Gray677.png inferior peduncle pedunculus cerebellaris inferior restiform body uberon The upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata is occupied by the inferior peduncle, a thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Each cerebellar inferior peduncle connects the medulla spinalis and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum, and comprises the juxtarestiform body and restiform body. Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus, among others. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle FMA FMA:72615 FMA:TA corpus restiforme Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle pedunculus cerebellaris inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle inferior peduncle NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1691 restiform body tectobulbar tract FMA:72645 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_750 SCTID:369265000 TAO:0000446 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002164 UBERON:FMA_72645-ZFA_0000446 ZFA:0000446 a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain. tecto-bulbar tract uberon GO:0034429 a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain. endocardium AAO:0010408 BTO:0000387 EFO:0000821 EHDAA2:0004153 EV:0100021 FMA:7280 GAID:550 MA:0000076 MAT:0000455 MESH:A.07.541.207 OpenCyc:Mx4rsWA75K1cEduAAADggVaqvw SCTID:362013006 TAO:0001320 The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber[FMA]. UBERON:0002165 UBERON:FMA_7280-XAO_0000066-ZFA_0001320 VHOG:0000084 XAO:0000066 ZFA:0001320 fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010 galen:Endocardium heart endocardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gray493.png/200px-Gray493.png ncithesaurus:Endocardium uberon UBERON definitional FMA:7280 The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber[FMA]. Wikipedia:Endocardium endocardium of atrium Cardiac atria endocardium Endocardium that is part of the atrium. FMA:7284 MA:0000077 SCTID:192001005 TAO:0002169 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002166 UBERON:FMA_7284-MA_0000077-ZFA_0001614 VHOG:0000606 ZFA:0001614 atrial endocardium atrium endocardium atrium of heart endocardium cardiac atrium endocardium endocardium of Cardiac atria endocardium of atrium of heart endocardium of cardiac atrium endocardium of heart atrium heart atrium endocardium uberon OBOL:automatic endocardium of cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic endocardium of Cardiac atria OBOL:automatic endocardium of atrium of heart Endocardium that is part of the atrium. ZFIN:curator OBOL:automatic atrium of heart endocardium OBOL:automatic heart atrium endocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac atrium endocardium OBOL:automatic endocardium of heart atrium Cardiac atria endocardium OBOL:automatic right lung EHDAA2:0001730 EHDAA:4969 EMAPA:17661 FMA:7309 Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA] MA:0000426 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361967000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002167 UBERON:FMA_7309-MA_0000426 VHOG:0000301 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gray972.png/200px-Gray972.png ncithesaurus:Right_Lung uberon FMA:FMA Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA] Wikipedia:Right_lung left lung EHDAA2:0000943 EHDAA:4947 EMAPA:17653 FMA:7310 Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA] MA:0000425 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361982005 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002168 UBERON:FMA_7310-MA_0000425 VHOG:0000618 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gray973.png/200px-Gray973.png ncithesaurus:Left_Lung uberon FMA:FMA Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA] Wikipedia:Left_lung alveolar sac BTO:0000061 FMA:7317 MA:0000418 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCvh75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002169 UBERON:0008871 UBERON:FMA_7317-MA_0000418 air sac ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Sac pulmonary alveolar sac sacculus alveolaris the small terminal dilation of the alveolar ducts around which the alveoli form pocket-like clusters uberon MP:0010902 pulmonary alveolar sac MA MP:0010902 air sac FMA FMA:7317 sacculus alveolaris MP:0010902 Wikipedia:Alveolar_sac the small terminal dilation of the alveolar ducts around which the alveoli form pocket-like clusters upper lobe of right lung EHDAA2:0001747 EHDAA:4987 EMAPA:17991 FMA:7333 MA:0000429 SCTID:361969002 The lobe of the right lung that is closest to the head. UBERON:0002170 UBERON:FMA_7333-MA_0000429 VHOG:0000859 galen:UpperLobeOfRightLung lobus superior pulmonis dextri ncithesaurus:Upper_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung right cranial lobe of lung right lung cranial lobe right lung superior lobe right upper lobe right upper lobe of lung superior lobe of right lung uberon upper lobe of right lung galen:UpperLobeOfRightLung upper lobe of right lung FMA:TA lobus superior pulmonis dextri FMA:7333 right upper lobe FMA FMA:7333 superior lobe of right lung FMA:7333 right upper lobe of lung MA:0000429 right lung superior lobe The lobe of the right lung that is closest to the head. UBERON:cjm MA:0000429 right lung cranial lobe lower lobe of right lung EHDAA2:0001740 EHDAA:4979 EMAPA:17986 FMA:7337 MA:0000428 SCTID:361976007 The lobe of the right lung that is furtherst from the head. UBERON:0002171 UBERON:FMA_7337-MA_0000428 VHOG:0000857 galen:LowerLobeOfRightLung inferior lobe of right lung lobus inferior pulmonis dextri lower lobe of right lung ncithesaurus:Lower_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung right caudal lobe of lung right lower lobe right lower lobe of lung right lung caudal lobe right lung inferior lobe uberon FMA galen:LowerLobeOfRightLung lower lobe of right lung FMA:7337 FMA:TA lobus inferior pulmonis dextri MA:0000428 right lung caudal lobe MA:0000428 right lung inferior lobe The lobe of the right lung that is furtherst from the head. UBERON:cjm FMA:7337 inferior lobe of right lung FMA:7337 right lower lobe FMA:7337 right lower lobe of lung alveolar atrium FMA:7340 MA:0000419 SCTID:201806004 UBERON:0002172 UBERON:FMA_7340-MA_0000419 alveolus of lung atrium atrium alveolare atrium of alveolus atrium of alveolus of lung atrium of lung alveolus lung alveolus atrium uberon OBOL:automatic alveolus of lung atrium OBOL:automatic lung alveolus atrium OBOL:automatic atrium of alveolus of lung OBOL:automatic atrium of lung alveolus alveolar duct Alveolar ducts are the tiny end ducts of the branching airways that fill the lungs. Each lung holds approximately 1.5 to 2 million of them. The tubules divide into two or three alveolar sacs at the distal end. They are formed from the confluence openings of several alveoli. Distal terminations of alveolar ducts are atria which then end in alveolar sacs. In human anatomy, respiratory bronchioles exists proximal to the alveolar ducts. The epithelial lining consists of smooth muscle knobs covered by nonciliated, simple cuboidal cells. The smooth muscle constricts under parasympathetic innervation and relax under sympathetic innervation. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:19183 EMAPA:19185 EMAPA:19187 EMAPA:19189 EMAPA:19191 FMA:7341 MA:0000417 OpenCyc:Mx4rvXmfV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002173 UBERON:FMA_7341-MA_0000417 ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Duct uberon Alveolar ducts are the tiny end ducts of the branching airways that fill the lungs. Each lung holds approximately 1.5 to 2 million of them. The tubules divide into two or three alveolar sacs at the distal end. They are formed from the confluence openings of several alveoli. Distal terminations of alveolar ducts are atria which then end in alveolar sacs. In human anatomy, respiratory bronchioles exists proximal to the alveolar ducts. The epithelial lining consists of smooth muscle knobs covered by nonciliated, simple cuboidal cells. The smooth muscle constricts under parasympathetic innervation and relax under sympathetic innervation. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Alveolar_duct middle lobe of right lung EMAPA:17997 FMA:7383 In the human, the right lung is divided into three lobes (as opposed to two lobes on the left), superior, middle, and inferior, by two interlobular fissures: [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000430 SCTID:361973004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002174 UBERON:FMA_7383-MA_0000430 galen:MiddleLobeOfRightLung http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gray972.png/200px-Gray972.png intermediate lobe of right lung lobus medius pulmonis dextri middle lobe of lung ncithesaurus:Middle_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung right lung middle lobe right lung, middle lobe right middle lobe right middle lobe of lung uberon FMA:7383 middle lobe of lung FMA:7383 FMA:TA lobus medius pulmonis dextri In the human, the right lung is divided into three lobes (as opposed to two lobes on the left), superior, middle, and inferior, by two interlobular fissures: [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_lobe_of_right_lung intermediolateral nucleus FMA:73915 MA:0002753 The intermediolateral nucleus is a region of gray matter found in Rexed lamina VII of the spinal column. Rexed Lamina VII contains several well defined nuclei including the nucleus dorsalis, the intermediolateral cell column (lateral gray horn), and the sacral autonomic nucleus. It extends from the first thoracic through the third lumbar segment, and contains the autonomic motor neurons that give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002175 UBERON:FMA_73915-MA_0002753 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg.png intermediolateral nucleus of spinal cord nucleus intermediolateralis medullae spinalis nucleus intermediolateralis medullae spinalis spinal cord intermediolateral nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Intermediolateral_nucleus nucleus intermediolateralis medullae spinalis FMA:73915 FMA:TA nucleus intermediolateralis medullae spinalis The intermediolateral nucleus is a region of gray matter found in Rexed lamina VII of the spinal column. Rexed Lamina VII contains several well defined nuclei including the nucleus dorsalis, the intermediolateral cell column (lateral gray horn), and the sacral autonomic nucleus. It extends from the first thoracic through the third lumbar segment, and contains the autonomic motor neurons that give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intermediolateral_nucleus lateral cervical nucleus FMA:73921 MA:0002755 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002176 UBERON:FMA_73921-MA_0002755 uberon right main bronchus FMA:7395 MA:0001849 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvoIuvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361955002 The right main bronchus (or right primary bronchus, or right principal bronchus) is a bronchus of the respiratory system. It is wider, shorter, and more vertical in direction than the left. It is about 2.5 cm. long, and enters the right lung nearly opposite the fifth thoracic vertebra. The azygos vein arches over it from behind; and the right pulmonary artery lies at first below and then in front of it. About 2 cm. from its commencement it gives off a branch to the upper lobe of the right lung. This is termed the eparterial branch of the bronchus, because it arises above the right pulmonary artery. The bronchus now passes below the artery, and is known as the hyparterial branch; it divides into two branches for the middle and lower lobes. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002177 UBERON:FMA_7395-MA_0001849 bronchus principalis dexter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg ncithesaurus:Right_Main_Bronchus right bronchus right primary bronchus right principal bronchus uberon The right main bronchus (or right primary bronchus, or right principal bronchus) is a bronchus of the respiratory system. It is wider, shorter, and more vertical in direction than the left. It is about 2.5 cm. long, and enters the right lung nearly opposite the fifth thoracic vertebra. The azygos vein arches over it from behind; and the right pulmonary artery lies at first below and then in front of it. About 2 cm. from its commencement it gives off a branch to the upper lobe of the right lung. This is termed the eparterial branch of the bronchus, because it arises above the right pulmonary artery. The bronchus now passes below the artery, and is known as the hyparterial branch; it divides into two branches for the middle and lower lobes. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus right principal bronchus Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus bronchus principalis dexter Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus right primary bronchus left main bronchus FMA:7396 MA:0001843 SCTID:361959008 The left main bronchus (or left primary bronchus, or left principal bronchus) is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being nearly 5 cm long. It enters the root of the left lung opposite the sixth thoracic vertebra. It passes beneath the aortic arch, crosses in front of the esophagus, the thoracic duct, and the descending aorta, and has the left pulmonary artery lying at first above, and then in front of it. The left bronchus has no eparterial branch, and therefore it has been supposed by some that there is no upper lobe to the left lung, but that the so-called upper lobe corresponds to the middle lobe of the right lung. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002178 UBERON:FMA_7396-MA_0001843 bronchus principalis sinister http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg left bronchus left primary bronchus left principal bronchus ncithesaurus:Left_Main_Bronchus uberon Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus left primary bronchus Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus bronchus principalis sinister The left main bronchus (or left primary bronchus, or left principal bronchus) is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being nearly 5 cm long. It enters the root of the left lung opposite the sixth thoracic vertebra. It passes beneath the aortic arch, crosses in front of the esophagus, the thoracic duct, and the descending aorta, and has the left pulmonary artery lying at first above, and then in front of it. The left bronchus has no eparterial branch, and therefore it has been supposed by some that there is no upper lobe to the left lung, but that the so-called upper lobe corresponds to the middle lobe of the right lung. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus left principal bronchus lateral funiculus FMA:74000 SCTID:362434006 TAO:0000533 The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line that separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. , an anterior funiculus, between the anterior median fissure and the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots; and a lateral funiculus, between the exit of these roots and the postero-lateral sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002179 UBERON:FMA_74000-ZFA_0000533 ZFA:0000533 funiculus lateralis medullae spinalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png lateral funiculus of spinal cord lateral white column of spinal cord uberon The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line that separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. , an anterior funiculus, between the anterior median fissure and the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots; and a lateral funiculus, between the exit of these roots and the postero-lateral sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_funiculus Wikipedia:Lateral_funiculus funiculus lateralis medullae spinalis FMA:74000 lateral white column of spinal cord ventral funiculus FMA:74003 SCTID:362429007 TAO:0000605 The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line that separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. , an anterior funiculus, between the anterior median fissure and the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots; and a lateral funiculus, between the exit of these roots and the postero-lateral sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002180 UBERON:FMA_74003-ZFA_0000605 ZFA:0000605 anterior funiculus anterior funiculus of spinal cord anterior white column of spinal cord funiculus anterior medullae spinalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png uberon ventral funiculus of spinal cord ventral white column of spinal cord FMA:74003 FMA:TA funiculus anterior medullae spinalis FMA:74003 ventral white column of spinal cord FMA:74003 anterior white column of spinal cord The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line that separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. , an anterior funiculus, between the anterior median fissure and the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots; and a lateral funiculus, between the exit of these roots and the postero-lateral sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_funiculus substantia gelatinosa EV:0100318 FMA:74019 GAID:701 Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi type II neurons and some larger nerve cells. MA:0001124 MESH:A.08.186.854.610.800 UBERON:0002181 UBERON:FMA_74019-MA_0001124 central gelatinous substance of spinal cord gelatinous substance of Rolando gelatinous substance of dorsal horn of spinal cord gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord ncithesaurus:Substantia_Gelatinosa substantia gelatinosa cornu posterioris medullae spinalis uberon FMA:74019 FMA:TA substantia gelatinosa cornu posterioris medullae spinalis FMA:74019 gelatinous substance of Rolando Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi type II neurons and some larger nerve cells. MESH:A.08.186.854.610.800 Wikipedia:Central_gelatinous_substance_of_spinal_cord_of_Rolando main bronchus EFO:0000932 EHDAA2:0001044 EHDAA:3072 EMAPA:16849 FMA:7405 MA:0000438 OpenCyc:Mx4rvoIuvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245508000 The trachea (windpipe) divides into two main bronchi. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002182 UBERON:FMA_7405-MA_0000438 VHOG:0000370 bronchus principalis mainstem bronchus ncithesaurus:Main_Bronchus primary bronchus principal bronchus uberon FMA FMA EHDAA2 The trachea (windpipe) divides into two main bronchi. Wikipedia:Main_bronchus lobar bronchus EHDAA:4955 EHDAA:4963 EHDAA:4977 EHDAA:4985 EHDAA:4993 EHDAA:8175 EHDAA:8187 EHDAA:8203 EHDAA:8213 EHDAA:8225 EMAPA:17388 EMAPA:17982 EMAPA:17987 EMAPA:17992 EMAPA:17998 FMA:7406 MA:0000437 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQMLXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245509008 The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi[GO]. UBERON:0002183 UBERON:FMA_7406-MA_0000437 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg ncithesaurus:Lobar_Bronchus secondary bronchus uberon FMA FMA GO:0060482 The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi[GO]. Wikipedia:Secondary_bronchus segmental bronchus EHDAA:7043 EHDAA:7049 EHDAA:7058 EHDAA:7064 EHDAA:7070 FMA:7407 MA:0000439 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQGFgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245513001 The tertiary bronchi (also known as the segmental bronchi) arise from the secondary bronchi. The respiratory epithelium lining their lumen is surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle. This layer is composed of two ribbons of smooth muscle that spiral in opposite directions. The smooth muscle layer is surrounded by irregular plates of hyaline cartilage which help maintain the patency of the airway. Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 tertiary bronchi in the right lung, and eight in the left. The tertiary bronchi get smaller and divide into primary bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002184 UBERON:FMA_7407-MA_0000439 VHOG:0001446 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg ncithesaurus:Segmental_Bronchus tertiary bronchus uberon FMA The tertiary bronchi (also known as the segmental bronchi) arise from the secondary bronchi. The respiratory epithelium lining their lumen is surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle. This layer is composed of two ribbons of smooth muscle that spiral in opposite directions. The smooth muscle layer is surrounded by irregular plates of hyaline cartilage which help maintain the patency of the airway. Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 tertiary bronchi in the right lung, and eight in the left. The tertiary bronchi get smaller and divide into primary bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Segmental_bronchus bronchus A portion of the airway that connects to the lungs[GO]. BTO:0001340 EFO:0000932 EV:0100041 FMA:7409 GAID:346 MA:0000436 MAT:0000133 MESH:A.04.411.125 MIAA:0000133 SCTID:181215002 UBERON:0002185 UBERON:FMA_7409-MA_0000436-MIAA_0000133-XAO_0000121 VHOG:0000262 XAO:0000121 bronchi bronchial tissue bronchial trunk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Respiratory_system_complete_numbered.svg/200px-Respiratory_system_complete_numbered.svg.png ncithesaurus:Bronchus uberon A portion of the airway that connects to the lungs[GO]. Wikipedia:Bronchus bronchi BTO:0001340 bronchial tissue bronchiole BTO:0002375 EHDAA:8171 EHDAA:8183 EHDAA:8199 EHDAA:8221 FMA:7410 MA:0000422 OpenCyc:Mx4rvl9iDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278982001 UBERON:0002186 UBERON:FMA_7410-MA_0000422 VHOG:0000675 bronchiolus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png lobular bronchiole ncithesaurus:Bronchiole the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi[GO]. uberon BTO:0002375 bronchiolus MA FMA:7410 lobular bronchiole FMA ncut Wikipedia:Bronchiole the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi[GO]. terminal bronchiole A terminal bronchiole is a bronchiole at the end of the conducting zone. At the transition into the respiratory zone, alveoli become present. The terminal bronchiole is the most distal segment of the conducting zone. Each of the terminal bronchioles divides to form respiratory bronchioles which contain a small number of alveoli. Terminal bronchioles are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium containing Clara cells. Terminal bronchioles contain a limited number of ciliated cells and no goblet cells. Clara cells are non-ciliated, rounded protein secreting cells. Their secretions are a nonsticky, proteinaceous compound to maintain the airway in the smallest bronchioles. The secretion, called surfactant, reduces surface tension allowing for bronchioles to expand during inspiration and keeping the bronchioles from collapsing during expiration. Clara cells, a stem cell of the respiratory system, produce enzymes that detoxify substances dissolved in the respiratory fluid. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0003223 FMA:7411 MA:0000424 OpenCyc:Mx4rwS7IU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278981008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002187 UBERON:FMA_7411-MA_0000424 bronchioli terminalis bronchiolus terminalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Terminal_Bronchiole uberon A terminal bronchiole is a bronchiole at the end of the conducting zone. At the transition into the respiratory zone, alveoli become present. The terminal bronchiole is the most distal segment of the conducting zone. Each of the terminal bronchioles divides to form respiratory bronchioles which contain a small number of alveoli. Terminal bronchioles are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium containing Clara cells. Terminal bronchioles contain a limited number of ciliated cells and no goblet cells. Clara cells are non-ciliated, rounded protein secreting cells. Their secretions are a nonsticky, proteinaceous compound to maintain the airway in the smallest bronchioles. The secretion, called surfactant, reduces surface tension allowing for bronchioles to expand during inspiration and keeping the bronchioles from collapsing during expiration. Clara cells, a stem cell of the respiratory system, produce enzymes that detoxify substances dissolved in the respiratory fluid. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Terminal_bronchiole Wikipedia:Terminal_bronchiole bronchioli terminalis respiratory bronchiole BTO:0003222 FMA:7412 MA:0000423 OpenCyc:Mx4rwS6ki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:128517006 The respiratory bronchioles are interrupted by alveoli which are thin walled evaginations. Alveolar ducts are distal continuations of the respiratory bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002188 UBERON:FMA_7412-MA_0000423 bronchioli respiratorii bronchiolus respiratorius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Bronchiole uberon Wikipedia:Respiratory_bronchiole bronchioli respiratorii The respiratory bronchioles are interrupted by alveoli which are thin walled evaginations. Alveolar ducts are distal continuations of the respiratory bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Respiratory_bronchiole outer cortex of kidney FMA:74285 MA:0001649 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002189 UBERON:FMA_74285-MA_0001649 outer renal cortex uberon subcutaneous adipose tissue BTO:0004042 FMA:74315 MA:0000473 UBERON:0002190 UBERON:FMA_74315-MA_0000473 fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae uberon FMA:74315 FMA:TA panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) FMA:74315 fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue FMA:74315 FMA:TA panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae subiculum ABA:SUB ABA:SUB is part of the retrohippocampal region, along with the entorhinal area. this is in the hippocampal formation but not the hippocampal region BM:Tel-Cx-SB BTO:0003087 FMA:74414 MA:0000960 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1305 SCTID:369097009 The subiculum is the most inferior component of the hippocampal formation. It lies between the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus proper. It receives input from CA1 and entorhinal cortical layer III pyramidal neurons and is the main output of the hippocampus. The pyramidal neurons send projections to the nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei, prefrontal cortex, lateral hypothalamus, nucleus reuniens, mammillary nuclei, entorhinal cortex and amygdala. The pyramidal neurons in the subiculum exhibit transitions between two modes of action potential output: bursting and single spiking. The transitions between these two modes is thought to be important for routing information out of the hippocampus. It is the site responsible for ictal activity in some cases of human epilepsy. It has also been implicated in working memory and drug addiction. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002191 UBERON:FMA_74414-MA_0000960 gyrus parahippocampalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg/200px-Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg ncithesaurus:Subiculum subicular cortex subiculum cornu ammonis subiculum hippocampi uberon FMA:74414 subiculum hippocampi NIF_GrossAnatomy BTO:0003087 gyrus parahippocampalis BTO:0003087 subiculum cornu ammonis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1305 subicular cortex The subiculum is the most inferior component of the hippocampal formation. It lies between the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus proper. It receives input from CA1 and entorhinal cortical layer III pyramidal neurons and is the main output of the hippocampus. The pyramidal neurons send projections to the nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei, prefrontal cortex, lateral hypothalamus, nucleus reuniens, mammillary nuclei, entorhinal cortex and amygdala. The pyramidal neurons in the subiculum exhibit transitions between two modes of action potential output: bursting and single spiking. The transitions between these two modes is thought to be important for routing information out of the hippocampus. It is the site responsible for ictal activity in some cases of human epilepsy. It has also been implicated in working memory and drug addiction. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subiculum choroidal fissure EHDAA2:0000250 FMA:74512 FMA:83715 TAO:0001075 The narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle along the margins of which the choroid plexus is attached; it lies between the upper surface of the thalamus and lateral edge of the fornix in the central part of the ventricle and between the terminal stria and fimbria hippocampi in the inferior horn[ZFA]. UBERON:0002192 UBERON:FMA_74512-MA_0001305-XAO_0000474-ZFA_0001075 Usage notes: not to be confused with optic fissure. the choroidal fissure is a subarachnoid space (via subarachnoid fissure in FMA). AO notes: Most ontologies appear to have switched to using less confusing primary terms for optic and choroidal fissues. Still need to check FMA - two possible terms? CARO notes: is this a groove or a space or a line? Structure notes: relate to lateral ventricle? ZFA:0001075 chorioid fissure choroid fissure choroid invagination choroidal fissure of lateral ventricle lateral ventricle choroid fissure ncithesaurus:Choroidal_Fissure uberon ISBN:0815318960 The narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle along the margins of which the choroid plexus is attached; it lies between the upper surface of the thalamus and lateral edge of the fornix in the central part of the ventricle and between the terminal stria and fimbria hippocampi in the inferior horn[ZFA]. ZFA:0001075 FMA:83715 choroidal fissure of lateral ventricle FMA:74512 TAO:0001075 choroid fissure FMA:74512 chorioid fissure EHDAA2:0000250 lateral ventricle choroid fissure EHDAA2:0000250 choroid invagination hemolymphoid system Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. EHDAA2:0004615 EMAPA:18534 EMAPA:18765 FMA:74562 MA:0000013 UBERON:0002193 UBERON:FMA_74562-MA_0000013 haemolymphoid system hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex uberon MA capsule of lymph node Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers. from its internal surface are given off a number of membranous processes or trabeculae, consisting, in man, of connective tissue, with a small admixture of plain muscle fibers; but in many of the lower animals composed almost entirely of involuntary muscle[WP]. FMA:74604 MA:0000739 SCTID:327532004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002194 UBERON:FMA_74604-MA_0000739 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Lymphknoten_%28Schwein%29.jpg/200px-Lymphknoten_%28Schwein%29.jpg lymph node capsule ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Capsule uberon Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers. from its internal surface are given off a number of membranous processes or trabeculae, consisting, in man, of connective tissue, with a small admixture of plain muscle fibers; but in many of the lower animals composed almost entirely of involuntary muscle[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymph_node_capsule trabecula of lymph node FMA:74605 MA:0000746 Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002195 UBERON:FMA_74605-MA_0000746 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray598.png/200px-Gray598.png lymph node trabecula lymph node trabeculum ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Trabecula uberon Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymph_node_trabeculae adenohypophysis AAO:0010540 BM:AHy BTO:0000040 BTO:0000496 EFO:0000230 EHDAA2:0000109 EMAPA:17514 FMA:74627 MA:0000177 MESH:A.06.407.747.608 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1581 SCTID:245532007 TAO:0001282 The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction[WP]. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). This lobe contains cells that produce prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and proopiomelanocortin. In contrast to mammalian vertebrates, the adenohypophysis remains in a subepithelial position and there exists no equivalent of Rathke's pouch in zebrafish[ZFA]. UBERON:0002196 UBERON:FMA_74627-MA_0000177-ZFA_0001282 VHOG:0000141 ZFA:0001282 anterior hypophysis anterior lobe (hypophysis) anterior lobe of hypophysis anterior lobe of pituitary anterior lobe of pituitary gland anterior pituitary anterior pituitary gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray1181.png/200px-Gray1181.png lobus anterior (glandula pituitaria) lobus anterior hypophysis ncithesaurus:Anterior_Lobe_of_the_Pituitary_Gland note that BTO may contain an error here. Also note we may need to introduce taxon-specific developmental relationships: "While in most basal fish and tetrapods the adenohypophyseal anlagen invaginates to form Rathke’s pouch, in teleost fish the adenohypophyseal placode does not invaginate but rather maintains its initial organization forming a solid structure in the head"[NBK53175] pituitary gland, anterior lobe uberon FMA:74627 FMA:TA lobus anterior hypophysis NBK53175 ZFA The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction[WP]. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). This lobe contains cells that produce prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and proopiomelanocortin. In contrast to mammalian vertebrates, the adenohypophysis remains in a subepithelial position and there exists no equivalent of Rathke's pouch in zebrafish[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Adenohypophysis ZFIN:curator BTO:0000040 anterior pituitary gland ZFA:0001282 anterior hypophysis FMA:74627 FMA:TA lobus anterior (glandula pituitaria) median eminence of neurohypophysis AAO:0010539 BM:ME BTO:0001954 EHDAA2:0001080 EHDAA:7540 EMAPA:17521 FMA:74634 GAID:463 MA:0000859 MESH:A.06.407.747.734.500 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_925 SCTID:369121004 The median eminence is part of the inferior boundary for the hypothalamus part of the human brain. A small swelling on the tuber cinereum posterior to the infundibulum - atop the pituitary stalk - the median eminence lies in the area roughly bounded on its posterolateral region by the cerebral peduncles, and on its anterolateral region by the optic chiasm. The median eminence is one of the seven areas of the brain devoid of a blood-brain barrier. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002197 UBERON:FMA_74634-MA_0000859 VHOG:0001179 eminentia mediana hypothalami eminentia mediana hypothalami http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG median eminence median eminence of hypothalamus median eminence of posterior lobe of pituitary gland median eminence of tuber cinereum uberon The median eminence is part of the inferior boundary for the hypothalamus part of the human brain. A small swelling on the tuber cinereum posterior to the infundibulum - atop the pituitary stalk - the median eminence lies in the area roughly bounded on its posterolateral region by the cerebral peduncles, and on its anterolateral region by the optic chiasm. The median eminence is one of the seven areas of the brain devoid of a blood-brain barrier. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Median_eminence FMA:74634 FMA:TA eminentia mediana hypothalami Wikipedia:Median_eminence eminentia mediana hypothalami neurohypophysis AAO:0010537 BM:NY BTO:0000937 EHDAA2:0001271 EHDAA:7536 EMAPA:17519 Editor note - request magnocellular cell from CL. Request oxytocin secretion from GO. Notes: "The hypophysis or pituitary gland is derived, in part from an ectodermal outpocketing of the stomodeum (Rathke's Pouch) and in part from the floor of the diencephalon" [http://syllabus.med.unc.edu/courseware/embryo_images/] FMA:74628 MA:0000178 MESH:A.06.407.747.734 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1586 SCTID:245527006 TAO:0001271 UBERON:0002198 UBERON:FMA_74636-ZFA_0001271 VHOG:0000142 ZFA:0001271 comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system[WP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG/200px-Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG infundibular process lobus nervosus neurohypophysis lobus posterior (glandula pituitaria) lobus posterior hypophysis ncithesaurus:Posterior_Lobe_of_the_Pituitary_Gland neural lobe neural lobe of pituitary neural lobe of pituitary gland neurohypophysis pituitary gland, posterior lobe posterior lobe of pituitary posterior lobe of pituitary gland posterior pituitary posterior pituitary gland uberon BTO:0000937 posterior pituitary gland Wikipedia:Neurohypophysis comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system[WP]. FMA:74628 FMA:TA lobus posterior (glandula pituitaria) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1586 neural lobe of pituitary FMA:74628 FMA:TA lobus nervosus neurohypophysis ZFA MA FMA:74628 neural lobe of pituitary gland FMA:74628 neural lobe FMA:74628 FMA:TA lobus posterior hypophysis FMA:74628 posterior lobe of pituitary gland FMA:74628 infundibular process EHDAA2 integument AAO:0000239 BTO:0000634 EHDAA2:0001844 FMA:74657 Hautsystem MESH:A.17.815 TAO:0000368 The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. UBERON:0002199 UBERON:FMA_74657-ZFA_0000368 Usage notes: in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition. VSAO:0000029 ZFA:0000368 dermal system dermoid system galen:Integument integumentum commune skin tegument the integument uberon BTO:0000634 dermoid system FMA:74657 the integument BTO:0000634 tegument The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. Wikipedia:Integument BTO:0000634 dermal system BTO:0000634 Hautsystem FMA:74657 FMA:TA integumentum commune vasculature of head A vasculature that is part of a head [Obol]. EFO:0003656 FMA:74710 TAO:0001267 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002200 UBERON:FMA_74710-ZFA_0001267 XAO:0004152 ZFA:0001267 adult head vascular network adult head vasculature cranial vasculature head vascular network head vasculature uberon vascular network of adult head vascular network of head vasculature of adult head OBOL:automatic vasculature of adult head OBOL:automatic head vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of head OBOL:automatic adult head vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of adult head A vasculature that is part of a head [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic adult head vasculature vasculature of trunk A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Obol]. FMA:74712 TAO:0005024 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002201 UBERON:FMA_74712-ZFA_0005024 ZFA:0005024 torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature uberon vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso OBOL:automatic torso vasculature OBOL:automatic vascular network of torso OBOL:automatic vascular network of trunk A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic torso vascular network OBOL:automatic vasculature of torso OBOL:automatic trunk vascular network submucosa of trachea BTO:0002115 FMA:7472 MA:0001860 SCTID:4419000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002202 UBERON:FMA_7472-MA_0001860 ncithesaurus:Trachea_Submucosa submucosa of windpipe trachea submucosa tracheal submucosa uberon windpipe submucosa OBOL:automatic windpipe submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of windpipe vasculature of eye FMA:74743 SCTID:123846009 TAO:0007057 UBERON:0002203 UBERON:FMA_74743-ZFA_0007057 Vasculature that is part of the eye region. ZFA:0007057 eye vascular network eye vasculature not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA ocular blood vessel ocular vasculature optic vasculature uberon vascular network of eye OBOL:automatic Vasculature that is part of the eye region. https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3489658&group_id=76834&atid=994726 FMA OBOL:automatic vascular network of eye OBOL:automatic eye vascular network ZFA:0007057 ocular blood vessel musculoskeletal system AAO:0010546 Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. EV:0100139 FMA:7482 GAID:98 MA:0002418 MESH:A.02 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g SCTID:278858007 UBERON:0002204 UBERON:FMA_7482-MA_0002418-XAO_0000168 VHOG:0001275 VSAO:0000031 XAO:0000168 musculo-skeletal system ncithesaurus:Musculoskeletal_System uberon Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. VSAO:0000031 Wikipedia:Musculoskeletal_system manubrium of sternum AAO:0000680 EMAPA:18723 FMA:7486 GAID:247 MA:0001332 MESH:A.02.835.232.904.766.442 OpenCyc:Mx4rvXOLAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182014008 UBERON:0002205 UBERON:FMA_7486-ZFA_0001601 broad, upper part of the sternum. Located ventrally with a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs[WP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray116.png/200px-Gray116.png manubrium manubrium of sternum manubrium sterni ncithesaurus:Sternal_Manubrium not to be confused with manubrium of eardrum. todo - find reference to support disjointness assertion with teleost sternal manubrium uberon Wikipedia:Manubrium broad, upper part of the sternum. Located ventrally with a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs[WP]. EMAPA:18723 manubrium sterni MA:0001332 sternal manubrium mammillary body ABA:MBO FMA:74877 GAID:652 MA:0000174 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.362.500 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_865 SCTID:279306001 TAO:0000334 The mammilary body is a protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei[GO]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002206 UBERON:FMA_74877-MA_0000174 ZFA:0000334 corpus mamillare corpus mamillare http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray1180.png/200px-Gray1180.png mamillary body ncithesaurus:Mamillary_Body uberon Wikipedia:Mammillary_body corpus mamillare GO The mammilary body is a protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei[GO]. Wikipedia:Mammillary_body ZFA:0000334 corpus mamillare xiphoid process FMA:7488 MA:0001334 SCTID:272711000 The xiphoid process, also known as the xiphisternum, is a small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002207 UBERON:FMA_7488-MA_0001884 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray117.png/200px-Gray117.png metasternum ncithesaurus:Xiphoid_Process processus xiphoideus this class may represent a mixed bony-cartilage element, or it may be the superclass of either purely cartilage or purely ossified elements uberon xiphisternum xiphoid xiphoid process xiphoid process xiphoid process of sternum xiphoideus xiphosternal junction xyphoid Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process processus xiphoideus Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process processus xiphoideus The xiphoid process, also known as the xiphisternum, is a small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3153001&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process xiphoid process FMA:7488 xiphoid process Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process xiphisternum Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process xiphoid Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process metasternum Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process xyphoid Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process xiphoideus Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process xiphosternal junction sternebra EMAPA:18724 FMA:7489 MA:0001333 Note that some definitions state that this a segment of the primordial sternum. We classify this under skeletal element, we are neutral as to whether these are bones or segments (fused bone) SCTID:95955004 UBERON:0002208 UBERON:FMA_7489-MA_0001333 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg/200px-Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg one of the bony segments of the sternum[TFD]. sternebral bone uberon Wikipedia:Sternebra http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sternebra one of the bony segments of the sternum[TFD]. EMAPA:18724 sternebral bone MA fibrous joint AEO:0000178 EHDAA2:0003178 FMA:7492 MA:0000321 Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA] SCTID:37772004 TAO:0005156 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002209 UBERON:FMA_7492-MA_0000321 ZFA:0005156 articulatio fibrosa junctura fibrosa uberon FMA Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint junctura fibrosa FMA:FMA Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA] Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint syndesmosis FMA:7494 Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint.[FMA] MA:0001500 SCTID:89358004 UBERON:0002210 UBERON:FMA_7494-MA_0001500 uberon FMA:FMA Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint.[FMA] Wikipedia:Syndesmosis nerve root BTO:0000883 FMA:5981 SCTID:362295007 UBERON:0002211 UBERON:FMA_74941-ZFA_0001328 ncithesaurus:Nerve_Root uberon we make nerve root continuous_with nerve to avoid inconsistencies with the spatial disjointness constraint between PNS and CNS, with nerves part_of CNS. FMA has segment of nerve with subtypes: segment of sympathetic trunk, nerve root, nerve rootlet, nerve root proper macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth FMA:74944 MA:0001201 SCTID:362572004 TAO:0007000 The saccule is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs; it is globular in form, and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Its anterior part exhibits an oval thickening, the macula of saccule (or saccular macula), to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the acoustic nerve. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002212 UBERON:FMA_74944-MA_0001201 XAO:0004136 ZFA:0007000 macula of membranous labyrinth saccule macula of saccule macula of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula saccule macula sacculi macula sacculi membranous labyrinth saccule macula ncithesaurus:Macula_of_Saccule saccular macula saccular macula of membranous labyrinth saccular maculs saccule macula saccule of membranous labyrinth macula sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula uberon OBOL:automatic saccule macula OBOL:automatic sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula FMA:74944 FMA:TA macula sacculi OBOL:automatic macula of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) OBOL:automatic saccule of membranous labyrinth macula ZFA:0007000 macula saccule OBOL:automatic macula of membranous labyrinth saccule Wikipedia:Macula_of_saccule macula sacculi ZFA:0007000 saccular macula OBOL:automatic membranous labyrinth saccule macula The saccule is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs; it is globular in form, and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Its anterior part exhibits an oval thickening, the macula of saccule (or saccular macula), to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the acoustic nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Macula_of_saccule cartilaginous joint FMA:7496 MA:0000320 Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA] SCTID:58442004 TAO:0005155 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002213 UBERON:FMA_7496-MA_0000320 ZFA:0005155 articulatio cartilaginea junctura cartilaginea uberon FMA FMA:FMA Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA] Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint junctura cartilaginea macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth EFO:0003474 FMA:74960 MA:0001203 SCTID:362568003 TAO:0000030 The portion of the utricle which is lodged in the recess forms a sort of pouch or cul-de-sac, the floor and anterior wall of which are thickened, and form the macula of utricle (or utricular macula), which receives the utricular filaments of the vestibulocochlear nerve. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002214 UBERON:FMA_74960-MA_0001203 ZFA:0000030 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg macula of membranous labyrinth utricle macula of utricle macula of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula utricle macula utriculi macula utriculi membranous labyrinth utricle macula ncithesaurus:Macula_of_Utricle uberon utricle macula utricle of membranous labyrinth macula utricular macula utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula ZFA:0000030 macula utricle OBOL:automatic utricle macula OBOL:automatic macula of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) FMA:74960 FMA:TA macula utriculi OBOL:automatic membranous labyrinth utricle macula OBOL:automatic macula of membranous labyrinth utricle OBOL:automatic utricle of membranous labyrinth macula Wikipedia:Macula_of_utricle macula utriculi The portion of the utricle which is lodged in the recess forms a sort of pouch or cul-de-sac, the floor and anterior wall of which are thickened, and form the macula of utricle (or utricular macula), which receives the utricular filaments of the vestibulocochlear nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Macula_of_utricle OBOL:automatic utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula synchondrosis Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA] Editor's note: WP considers epiphyseal plates as subtypes of this // consider adding link to hyaline cartilage FMA:7497 MA:0001501 SCTID:42903008 UBERON:0002215 UBERON:FMA_7497-MA_0001501 cartilago epiphysialis epiphysial cartilage http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray297.png/200px-Gray297.png primary cartilaginous joint uberon FMA:7497 FMA:TA cartilago epiphysialis MA Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Synchondrosis symphysis Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA] Editors note: consider adding fibrocartilage class FMA:7498 MA:0001504 SCTID:1584001 UBERON:0002216 UBERON:FMA_7498-MA_0001504 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray298.png/200px-Gray298.png secondary cartilaginous joint uberon FMA Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Symphysis FMA:7498 secondary cartilaginous joint MA synovial joint AEO:0000183 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA] MA:0000322 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:113234001 TAO:0005153 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002217 UBERON:FMA_7501-MA_0000322 ZFA:0005153 articulatio synoviale diarthrodial joints diarthroses galen:SynovialJoint uberon FMA:FMA Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA] Wikipedia:Synovial_joint ZFA:0005153 diarthrodial joints ZFA:0005153 diarthroses tympanic ring AAO:0000615 AO notes: in FMA, the tympanic ring is an anatomical line. Howevever PMID:11237469 states: "the tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane". Taxon notes: check amphibians - in AAO "Funnel-like ring structure located lateral to the ventral ramus of the squamosal, beneath the skin; it provides support to the tympanic membrane". Gene notes: Gsc and Prx1 are essential for tympanic ring development EMAPA:19197 MA:0001225 UBERON:0002218 UBERON:FMA_75053-MA_0001225 a C-shaped membranous bone that provides physical support to the tympanic membrane. The tympanic ring develops sequentially from an initial primordium in the first branchial arch growing in a circumferential fashion around the first pharyngeal cleft into the second branchial arch (Mallo and Gridley, 1996). In most mammals, the tympanic ring exists only during embryonic life, when it coordinates proper development and positioning of the eardrum (see below), and then becomes integrated into the temporal bone[PMID]. tympanic annulus tympanic membrane annulus uberon MA MP:0000030 PMID:11237469 a C-shaped membranous bone that provides physical support to the tympanic membrane. The tympanic ring develops sequentially from an initial primordium in the first branchial arch growing in a circumferential fashion around the first pharyngeal cleft into the second branchial arch (Mallo and Gridley, 1996). In most mammals, the tympanic ring exists only during embryonic life, when it coordinates proper development and positioning of the eardrum (see below), and then becomes integrated into the temporal bone[PMID]. PMID:11237469 subfornical organ ABA:SFO FMA:75260 Function notes: induces drinking behavior after stimulation with angiotensin II[MESH]. GAID:795 Group of neurons situated on the ventral surface of the fornix at the level of the foramen of Munro in the third ventricle (adapted from Wikipedia via NIF). MA:0000940 MESH:A.08.713.840 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100314 UBERON:0002219 UBERON:FMA_75260-MA_0000940 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png organum subfornicale uberon MA Wikipedia:Subfornical_organ organum subfornicale MA Group of neurons situated on the ventral surface of the fornix at the level of the foramen of Munro in the third ventricle (adapted from Wikipedia via NIF). NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100314 Wikipedia:Subfornical_organ fontanelle Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP]. FMA:75438 MA:0001465 TAO:0001738 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002221 UBERON:FMA_75438-MA_0001465 ZFA:0005536 fontanel fonticuli cranii http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray197.png/200px-Gray197.png ncithesaurus:Fontanelle uberon Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP]. Wikipedia:Fontanelle Wikipedia:Fontanelle fonticuli cranii perichondrium AAO:0010445 BTO:0005089 FMA:75446 Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage. MA:0003008 SCTID:11881003 TAO:0001643 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002222 UBERON:FMA_75446-ZFA_0001634 VSAO:0000036 XAO:0004049 ZFA:0001634 cartilage connective tissue perichondral region of cartilage perichondral region of cartilage element uberon Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage. VSAO:0000036 Wikipedia:Perichondrium https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/26 endolymphatic sac AAO:0000551 EHDAA2:0000441 EHDAA:7761 EMAPA:17593 Editor's note: EHDAA2 structure is embryonic FMA:75639 From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. Studies suggest that the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac perform both absorptive and secretory, as well as phagocytic and immunodefensive,functions . [WP,unvetted]. GAID:887 MA:0001188 MESH:A.09.246.631.909.957.360.701 SCTID:279810008 UBERON:0002223 UBERON:FMA_75639-MA_0001188 VHOG:0000791 saccus endolymphaticus saccus endolymphaticus uberon VHOG From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. Studies suggest that the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac perform both absorptive and secretory, as well as phagocytic and immunodefensive,functions . [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_sac EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_sac saccus endolymphaticus AAO:0000551 saccus endolymphaticus EHDAA2 thoracic cavity Body cavity subdivision which is enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm[FMA]. FMA:7565 GAID:93 MA:0000032 MESH:A.01.911.800 OpenCyc:Mx4rmvyleLfEEduAAAACs6hRXg OpenCyc:Mx4rvhU_TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:243949006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002224 UBERON:FMA_7565-MA_0000032 cavitas thoracis cavity of chest cavity of thorax chest cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg/200px-Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Cavity pectoral cavity space of thoracic compartment uberon Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity cavitas thoracis Body cavity subdivision which is enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm[FMA]. FMA:7565 Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity FMA:7565 space of thoracic compartment costal arch FMA:7569 FMA:7570 MA:0001396 SCTID:367767002 The costal margin, sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs -- specifically, from the eighth rib to the tenth rib. UBERON:0002225 UBERON:FMA_7569-MA_0001396 arcus costae arcus costalis costal margin ncithesaurus:Costal_Arch subcostal arch todo - split? check part_of relationship uberon Wikipedia:Costal_margin costal margin The costal margin, sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs -- specifically, from the eighth rib to the tenth rib. Wikipedia:Costal_margin Wikipedia:Costal_margin subcostal arch MA Wikipedia:Costal_margin arcus costalis Wikipedia:Costal_margin arcus costae FMA basilar membrane of cochlea FMA:75706 GAID:872 MA:0001190 MESH:A.09.246.631.246.125 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2521 SCTID:362574003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002226 UBERON:FMA_75706-MA_0001190 a stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani[WP]. basilar membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Organ_of_corti.svg/200px-Organ_of_corti.svg.png lamina basilaris ductus cochlearis ncithesaurus:Basilar_Membrane uberon Wikipedia:Basilar_membrane a stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani[WP]. Wikipedia:Basilar_membrane lamina basilaris ductus cochlearis spiral organ of cochlea AAO:0011018 BTO:0001691 Corti's organ EFO:0001364 EMAPA:19061 EMAPA:19151 EV:0100364 FMA:75715 GAID:772 MA:0001193 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2526 The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory sensory cells, or 'hair cells.' [WP,unvetted]. Todo - check XAO, taxon constraints UBERON:0002227 UBERON:FMA_75715-MA_0001193 XAO:0003145 basilar papilla cochlear spiral organ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png ncithesaurus:Organ_of_Corti ncithesaurus:Spiral_Organ_of_Corti organ of corti organum spirale spiral organ spiral organ of corti uberon Wikipedia:Organ_of_Corti organum spirale The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory sensory cells, or 'hair cells.' [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Organ_of_Corti BTO:0001691 basilar papilla BTO:0001691 Corti's organ BTO:0001691 organum spirale rib AAO:0000545 An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses. They protect and support internal organs. In most vertebrates, ribs surround the chest. they enable lungs to expand by expanding the chest, they also protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body. EFO:0003066 EMAPA:18010 FMA:7574 GAID:245 Humans have 24 ribs (12 pairs). The first seven sets of ribs, known as "true ribs", are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets are known as "false ribs", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs (costae fluitantes) or vertebral ribs. They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs of floating ribs, while others have a third pair. Rib removal is the surgical excision of ribs for therapeutic or cosmetic reasons. In fish, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the dorsal ribs, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, of ventral ribs arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent. Sharks, for example, have no dorsal ribs, and only very short ventral ribs, while lampreys have no ribs at all. In some teleosts, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass. Tetrapods, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably homologous with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. The sacral ribs were stout and short, since they formed part of the pelvis, connecting the backbone to the hip bones.[1] In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastron, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk. Frogs typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis.[1]. In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the cervical vertebrae. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this uncinate process is an attachment for the shoulder muscles.[1]. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in monotremes. In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles, caudal ribs are never found in mammals.[1] MA:0000315 MESH:A.02.835.232.904.567 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjNoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302523002 TAO:0000538 UBERON:0002228 UBERON:FMA_7574-MA_0000315-ZFA_0000538 VHOG:0001154 ZFA:0000538 dorsal rib galen:Rib ncithesaurus:Rib pleural rib uberon An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses. They protect and support internal organs. In most vertebrates, ribs surround the chest. they enable lungs to expand by expanding the chest, they also protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body. Wikipedia:Rib ZFIN:curator definitional interparietal bone EHDAA:9530 EMAPA:19017 FMA:75748 MA:0001467 SCTID:369438005 Taxon notes: rarely present in humans[PMID:3654370] UBERON:0002229 UBERON:FMA_75748-MA_0001467 VHOG:0001327 inca bone inter-parietal bone interparietal os interparietale ossicle of Goethe post-parietal bone postparietal postparietal bone the bone of the cranium that lies above and anterior to the occipital bone in some mammals. uberon VHOG:0001327 postparietal bone VHOG:0001327 postparietal VHOG:0001327 post-parietal bone Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone os interparietale Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone ossicle of Goethe EHDAA:9530 interparietal Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone inca bone MP:0000077 Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone the bone of the cranium that lies above and anterior to the occipital bone in some mammals. EMAPA:19017 inter-parietal bone definitional head of rib FMA:7575 MA:0001415 SCTID:263358001 The head of the rib is the end of a rib closest to the vertebral column, with which it articulates with. It is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets for articulation with the depression formed on the bodies of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae; the upper facet is the smaller; to the crest is attached the interarticular ligament. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002230 UBERON:FMA_7575-MA_0001415 caput costae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray122.png/200px-Gray122.png ncithesaurus:Rib_Head rib head uberon Wikipedia:Head_of_rib caput costae PMID:15906248 The head of the rib is the end of a rib closest to the vertebral column, with which it articulates with. It is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets for articulation with the depression formed on the bodies of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae; the upper facet is the smaller; to the crest is attached the interarticular ligament. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Head_of_rib body of rib FMA:7577 MA:0001416 SCTID:263361000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002231 UBERON:FMA_7577-MA_0001416 ncithesaurus:Rib_Shaft rib body rib shaft shaft of rib uberon olfactory gland AAO:0010162 BTO:0001697 Bowman's gland Bowman's glands (aka olfactory glands, glands of Bowman) are situated in the olfactory mucosa, beneath the olfactory epithelium, in the lamina propria, a connective tissue also containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The structure of the Bowman's glands consists of an acinus in the lamina propria and a secretory duct going out through the olfactory epithelium. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles.[2] Bowman's glands might secrete proteins such as Lysozyme, amylase and IgA similarly to serous glands. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that Bowman's glands do not produce odorant binding protein[WP]. FMA:75801 MA:0000287 SCTID:368891001 UBERON:0002232 UBERON:FMA_75801-MA_0000287 glandulae olfactoriae olfactory gland of Bowman uberon Wikipedia:Olfactory_glands glandulae olfactoriae Bowman's glands (aka olfactory glands, glands of Bowman) are situated in the olfactory mucosa, beneath the olfactory epithelium, in the lamina propria, a connective tissue also containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The structure of the Bowman's glands consists of an acinus in the lamina propria and a secretory duct going out through the olfactory epithelium. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles.[2] Bowman's glands might secrete proteins such as Lysozyme, amylase and IgA similarly to serous glands. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that Bowman's glands do not produce odorant binding protein[WP]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_glands tectorial membrane of cochlea . FMA:75805 GAID:876 MA:0001199 MESH:A.09.246.631.246.292.906 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2531 SCTID:368960006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002233 UBERON:FMA_75805-MA_0001199 ncithesaurus:Tectorial_Membrane tectorial membrane tectorial membrane of spiral organ of cochlea uberon . Wikipedia:Tectorial_membrane_of_atlanto-axial_joint_%28cochlea%29 proximal phalanx of finger A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]. FMA:75816 MA:0001395 SCTID:181986000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002234 UBERON:FMA_75816-MA_0001395 hand proximal phalanx ncithesaurus:Proximal_Phalanx_of_Hand proximal phalanx of hand uberon MA:0001395 hand proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic tubercle of rib FMA:7583 MA:0001417 SCTID:361104005 The tubercle of a rib is an eminence on the posterior surface, at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border. It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs[WP]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002235 UBERON:FMA_7583-MA_0001417 ncithesaurus:Rib_Tubercle rib tubercle uberon The tubercle of a rib is an eminence on the posterior surface, at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border. It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs[WP]. Wikipedia:Tubercle_(rib) PMID:15906248 costal cartilage FMA:7591 MA:0000106 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1g3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244703004 The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002236 UBERON:FMA_7591-MA_0000106 cartilagines costales http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gray315.png/200px-Gray315.png ncithesaurus:Costal_Cartilage uberon Wikipedia:Costal_cartilage cartilagines costales The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Costal_cartilage true rib FMA:7592 MA:0001419 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4-iWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:368044009 The first seven ribs are connected behind with the vertebral column, and in front, through the intervention of the costal cartilages, with the sternum; they are called true ribs or vertebro-sternal ribs. False ribs are interconnected membranous structures that are connected with the sternum process. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002237 UBERON:FMA_7592-MA_0001419 costa vera costae verae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray115.png/200px-Gray115.png uberon Wikipedia:True_ribs costae verae The first seven ribs are connected behind with the vertebral column, and in front, through the intervention of the costal cartilages, with the sternum; they are called true ribs or vertebro-sternal ribs. False ribs are interconnected membranous structures that are connected with the sternum process. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:True_ribs false rib FMA:7594 MA:0001398 OpenCyc:Mx4rwLzzTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:368045005 The false ribs are the five sets of ribs below the top seven true ribs. Of these: the first three (eighth, ninth, and tenth rib) have their cartilages attached to the cartilage of the rib above (vertebro-chondral): the last two are free at their anterior extremities and are termed floating ribs or vertebral ribs. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002238 UBERON:FMA_7594-MA_0001398 asternal ribs costa spuria costae spuriae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray115.png/200px-Gray115.png uberon The false ribs are the five sets of ribs below the top seven true ribs. Of these: the first three (eighth, ninth, and tenth rib) have their cartilages attached to the cartilage of the rib above (vertebro-chondral): the last two are free at their anterior extremities and are termed floating ribs or vertebral ribs. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:False_rib Wikipedia:False_ribs costae spuriae Wikipedia:False_ribs asternal ribs floating rib FMA:7595 Floating ribs are four atypical ribs (two lowermost pairs, XI-XII) in the human ribcage. They are called so because they are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs. Others have a third pair. Most, however, possess only two pairs. Their position can be permanently altered by a form of body modification called tightlacing, which uses a corset to compress and move the ribs. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001399 OpenCyc:Mx4rvaPCWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:368046006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002239 UBERON:FMA_7595-MA_0001399 costa fluitante costae fluctuantes, costae fluitantes http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Skeleton_woman_back.png/200px-Skeleton_woman_back.png uberon Floating ribs are four atypical ribs (two lowermost pairs, XI-XII) in the human ribcage. They are called so because they are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs. Others have a third pair. Most, however, possess only two pairs. Their position can be permanently altered by a form of body modification called tightlacing, which uses a corset to compress and move the ribs. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Floating_rib Wikipedia:Floating_rib costae fluctuantes, costae fluitantes spinal cord AAO:0010151 BM:SpC BTO:0001279 EFO:0000110 EHDAA2:0001255 EHDAA:2863 EMAPA:17577 EMAPA:17700 EV:0100316 Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. FMA:7647 GAID:695 MA:0000216 MAT:0000183 MESH:A.08.186.854 MIAA:0000183 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1709 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180959008 TAO:0000075 TODO: add superclass to unify with VNC? UBERON:0002240 UBERON:FMA_7647-MA_0000216-MIAA_0000183-XAO_0000020-ZFA_0000075 VHOG:0000601 XAO:0000020 ZFA:0000075 medulla spinalis ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord spinal cord structure spinal medulla uberon definitional definitional BTO:0001279 medulla spinalis BTO:0001279 spinal medulla Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. OMD:spinal+cord Wikipedia:Spinal_cord ZFA:0000075 spinal cord structure Wikipedia:Spinal_cord medulla spinalis chondrocranium AAO:0010169 Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed entirely of either cartilage, cartilage replacement bones or a mixture of both[ZFA]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. EHDAA2:0000243 EMAPA:17681 TAO:0001424 UBERON:0002241 UBERON:FMA_76621-XAO_0003059-ZFA_0001424 VHOG:0000288 ZFA:0001424 calvarium neurocranium note the definition here specifically mentions cartilage or cartilage replacement bones. This means what MA calls 'chondrocranium' must in fact be neurocranium, as it includes membrane bones uberon MA:0000317 neurocranium Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed entirely of either cartilage, cartilage replacement bones or a mixture of both[ZFA]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. ZFA:0001424 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chondrocranium MA:0000317 calvarium nucleus pulposus BTO:0003626 FMA:76703 MA:0000112 SCTID:316586000 UBERON:0002242 UBERON:FMA_76703-MA_0000112 a jelly-like connective tissue in the middle of the spinal disc. It is the remnant of the notochord. It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each disc under compressive loads. The nucleus pulposus consists of chondrocytes, collagen fibrils, and proteoglycan aggrecans that have hyaluronic long chains which attract water. Attached to each hyaluronic chain are side chains of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate[WP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/200px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png nucleus propulsus nucleus propulsus of intervertebral disk pulpy nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus nucleus propulsus ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia mah Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus a jelly-like connective tissue in the middle of the spinal disc. It is the remnant of the notochord. It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each disc under compressive loads. The nucleus pulposus consists of chondrocytes, collagen fibrils, and proteoglycan aggrecans that have hyaluronic long chains which attract water. Attached to each hyaluronic chain are side chains of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate[WP]. Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus nucleus propulsus of intervertebral disk cutaneous vein FMA:76720 MA:0002098 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002243 UBERON:FMA_76720-MA_0002098 ncithesaurus:Cutaneous_Vein uberon premaxilla AAO:0000461 EHDAA2:0001496 EHDAA:6962 EHDAA:8033 EMAPA:17641 EMAPA:17933 EMAPA:19033 Editors note: requires checking embryonic vs adult; isa fetal organ part in FMA; adult bone of upper jaw in AAO and ZFA; split. Note that we have loops if we add develops_from UBERON:0005620 FMA:76869 MA:0001493 One of the bones of the upper jaw situated between and in front of the maxillae[VHOG]. The premaxilla is a bone of the upper jaw. It is an L-shaped bone first visible as a thin sliver in the anterodorsal region of the upper lip, anterior to the dorsal tip of the maxilla (5.7 mm). In the adult, the premaxilla is ligamentously attached to its counterpart at the midline and the kinethmoid posterodorsally, by the premaxillo-rostroid ligaments. Premaxillary teeth are absent in zebrafish[ZFA]. the embryonic bone that later fuses with the maxilla to form the incisive bone OR the embryonic structure that forms the anterior part of the maxillae.[TFD]. Paired, intramembranous bones located at the anterior end of the skull; they form the anterior-most segment of the maxillary arch[AAO] TAO:0000567 UBERON:0002244 UBERON:FMA_76869-MA_0001493-ZFA_0000567 VHOG:0000426 ZFA:0000567 premaxilla bone premaxillae premaxillary bone uberon One of the bones of the upper jaw situated between and in front of the maxillae[VHOG]. The premaxilla is a bone of the upper jaw. It is an L-shaped bone first visible as a thin sliver in the anterodorsal region of the upper lip, anterior to the dorsal tip of the maxilla (5.7 mm). In the adult, the premaxilla is ligamentously attached to its counterpart at the midline and the kinethmoid posterodorsally, by the premaxillo-rostroid ligaments. Premaxillary teeth are absent in zebrafish[ZFA]. the embryonic bone that later fuses with the maxilla to form the incisive bone OR the embryonic structure that forms the anterior part of the maxillae.[TFD]. Paired, intramembranous bones located at the anterior end of the skull; they form the anterior-most segment of the maxillary arch[AAO] VHOG:0000426 Wikipedia:Premaxilla ZFIN:curator http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/premaxilla Wikipedia:Premaxilla premaxilla bone premaxillae Wikipedia:Premaxilla premaxillary bone EHDAA2 Editors note: requires checking embryonic vs adult; isa fetal organ part in FMA; adult bone of upper jaw in AAO and ZFA; split. Note that we have loops if we add develops_from UBERON:0005620 hemisphere of cerebellum A paired regions of the cerebellum that lie outside and lateral to the central vermis[MP]. The cerebellum consists of three parts, a median and two lateral, which are continuous with each other, and are substantially the same in structure. The median portion is constricted, and is called the vermis, from its annulated appearance which it owes to the transverse ridges and furrows upon it; the lateral expanded portions are named the hemispheres. The lateral hemisphere is considered the portion of the cerebellum to develop most recently. [WP,unvetted]. ABA:HEM FMA:76925 Hemisphere of cerebellum [H II - H X] MA:0000200 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1575 SCTID:362411002 UBERON:0002245 UBERON:FMA_76925-MA_0000200 cerebellar hemisphere cerebellum hemisphere hemispherium cerebelli hemispherium cerebelli [h ii - h x] ncithesaurus:Hemisphere_of_the_Cerebellum uberon A paired regions of the cerebellum that lie outside and lateral to the central vermis[MP]. The cerebellum consists of three parts, a median and two lateral, which are continuous with each other, and are substantially the same in structure. The median portion is constricted, and is called the vermis, from its annulated appearance which it owes to the transverse ridges and furrows upon it; the lateral expanded portions are named the hemispheres. The lateral hemisphere is considered the portion of the cerebellum to develop most recently. [WP,unvetted]. MP:0009959 Wikipedia:Cerebellar_hemisphere Wikipedia:Cerebellar_hemisphere hemispherium cerebelli FMA:76925 FMA:TA hemispherium cerebelli [h ii - h x] dorsal thoracic nucleus . Clarke's column Clarke's nucleus FMA:77023 MA:0001121 Stilling-Clarke's column Stilling-Clarke's nucleus This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002246 UBERON:FMA_77023-MA_0001121 nucleus thoracicus posterior posterior thoracic nucleus spinal cord dorsal nucleus uberon . Wikipedia:Clarke's_column FMA:77023 FMA:TA nucleus thoracicus posterior uterine horn BTO:0004235 EFO:0000975 EMAPA:18985 FMA:77053 MA:0000393 SCTID:245480007 The uterine horns are the points where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet. It is one of the points of attachment for the round ligament of uterus (the other being the mons pubis). The uterine horns are far more prominent in other animals than they are in humans[WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002247 UBERON:FMA_77053-MA_0000393 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Illu_female_pelvis.jpg/200px-Illu_female_pelvis.jpg uberon The uterine horns are the points where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet. It is one of the points of attachment for the round ligament of uterus (the other being the mons pubis). The uterine horns are far more prominent in other animals than they are in humans[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Uterine_horns transverse pericardial sinus EHDAA2:0002077 EHDAA:796 EMAPA:16214 FMA:77132 MA:0001880 The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardia —i.e., between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside.[WP,unvetted]. Thiele's canal UBERON:0002248 UBERON:FMA_77132-MA_0001880 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png transverse sinus transverse sinus of pericardial cavity uberon EHDAA2 MA-modified The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardia —i.e., between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus FMA:77132 transverse sinus of pericardial cavity FMA:77132 Thiele's canal median artery FMA:77142 MA:0001999 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002249 UBERON:FMA_77142-MA_0001999 ncithesaurus:Median_Artery uberon popliteal artery FMA:77155 GAID:504 In human anatomy, the popliteal artery is defined as the extension of the 'superficial' femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal and adductor hiatus above the knee. The termination of the popliteal artery is its bifurcation into the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery. The popliteal artery, through numerous smaller branches, supplies blood to the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf. It is accompanied, along its length, by the popliteal vein. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002021 MESH:A.07.231.114.681 OpenCyc:Mx4rvduV6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181350008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002250 UBERON:FMA_77155-MA_0002021 arteria poplitea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Popliteal_artery.png/200px-Popliteal_artery.png ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Artery uberon In human anatomy, the popliteal artery is defined as the extension of the 'superficial' femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal and adductor hiatus above the knee. The termination of the popliteal artery is its bifurcation into the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery. The popliteal artery, through numerous smaller branches, supplies blood to the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf. It is accompanied, along its length, by the popliteal vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Popliteal_artery Wikipedia:Popliteal_artery arteria poplitea iliocostalis FMA:77177 MA:0002319 The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002251 UBERON:FMA_77177-MA_0002319 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Iliostalis.png/200px-Iliostalis.png musculus iliocostalis uberon The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iliocostalis Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae dbpedia Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae dbpedia Ribs dbpedia Wikipedia:Iliocostalis musculus iliocostalis dbpedia splenius . FMA:77180 MA:0002382 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002252 UBERON:FMA_77180-MA_0002382 ncithesaurus:Splenius uberon . Wikipedia:Splenius incisive bone FMA:77231 MA:0001485 was originally a distinct class 'incisive bone', now merged into MA:0001493 'premaxilla'. This is a general anatomical term in FMA. Here we treat it as an adult structure that develops from the embryonic premaxilla The incisive bone is the portion of the maxilla adjacent to the incisors. It is a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the jaws of many animals, usually bearing teeth, but not always. They are connected to the maxilla and the nasals. The term premaxilla can also be used to refer to the incisive bone. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002253 UBERON:FMA_77231-MA_0001485 os incisivum premaxilla uberon The incisive bone is the portion of the maxilla adjacent to the incisors. It is a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the jaws of many animals, usually bearing teeth, but not always. They are connected to the maxilla and the nasals. The term premaxilla can also be used to refer to the incisive bone. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Incisive_bone Wikipedia:Incisive_bone os incisivum MA:0001493 Wikipedia:Incisive_bone premaxilla thyroglossal duct EMAPA:17070 EMAPA:18833 FMA treats this as vestigial FMA:77274 MA:0000130 SCTID:308822005 The thyroglossal duct is an embryological anatomical structure forming an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position. The thyroid gland starts developing in the oropharynx in the fetus and descends to its final position taking a path through the tongue, hyoid bone and neck muscles. The connection between its original position and its final position is the thyroglossal duct. This duct normally atrophies and closes off before birth but can remain open in some people. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002254 UBERON:FMA_77274-MA_0000130 VHOG:0000746 ductus thyreoglossus ductus thyroglossalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Illu08_thyroid.jpg/200px-Illu08_thyroid.jpg ncithesaurus:Thyroglossal_Duct uberon Wikipedia:Thyroglossal_duct ductus thyroglossalis The thyroglossal duct is an embryological anatomical structure forming an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position. The thyroid gland starts developing in the oropharynx in the fetus and descends to its final position taking a path through the tongue, hyoid bone and neck muscles. The connection between its original position and its final position is the thyroglossal duct. This duct normally atrophies and closes off before birth but can remain open in some people. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thyroglossal_duct Wikipedia:Thyroglossal_duct ductus thyreoglossus vomeronasal organ AAO:0000997 BTO:0002608 EFO:0001934 EHDAA2:0002211 EHDAA:7865 EMAPA:17612 FMA:77280 GAID:354 Jacobson's organ MA:0000289 MESH:A.04.531.591.940 SCTID:361346007 Taxon notes: Generally formed only in tetrapods; lungfish have rudimentary VN organs; true VN organs are not normally found in recent fishes, birds, aquatic reptiles, aquatic mammals (Bertmar 1980). Humans: Its presence in many animals has been widely studied and the importance of the vomeronasal system to the role of reproduction and social behavior (through influence on anterior hypothalamus) has been shown in many studies. Its presence and functionality in humans was controversial, though most studies agree the organ regresses during fetal development. Many genes essential for VNO function in animals (such as TRPC2) are non-functional in humans (Liman ER. Use it or lose it: molecular evolution of sensory signaling in primates. Pflugers Arch. 2006;453(2):125-31.) The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or Jacobson's organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals. It was discovered by Ludwig Jacobson in 1813. During embryological development, it forms from the nasal (olfactory) placode, at the anterior edge of the neural plate. It is a chemoreceptor organ which is completely separated from the nasal cavity the majority of the time, being enclosed in a separate bony or cartilaginous capsule which opens into the base of the nasal cavity. It is a tubular crescent shape and split into two pairs, separated by the nasal septum. It is the first processing stage of the accessory olfactory system, after which chemical stimuli go to the accessory olfactory bulb, then to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus. The vomeronasal organ is mainly used to detect pheromones, chemical messengers that carry information between individuals of the same species, hence is sometimes referred to as the 'sixth sense. ' The VNO has two separate types of neuronal receptors, V1R and V2R, which are seven-transmembrane receptors that are coupled to G proteins. The receptors are distinct from each other and form the large family of receptors in the main olfactory system. Evidence shows that the VNO responds to nonvolatile cues which stimulate the receptor neurons. Information is then transferred to the accessory olfactory bulb as well as other centres of the brain such as the anterior part of the hypothalamus. Its presence in many animals has been widely studied and the importance of the vomeronasal system to the role of reproduction and social behavior (through influence on anterior hypothalamus) has been shown in many studies. Its presence and functionality in humans is widely controversial, though most studies agree the organ regresses during fetal development. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002255 UBERON:FMA_77280-MA_0000289 VHOG:0000665 XAO:0000272 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gray51.png/200px-Gray51.png organ of Jacobsen organum vomeronasale organum vomeronasale uberon Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_organ organum vomeronasale Wikipedia BTO:0002608 organum vomeronasale The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or Jacobson's organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals. It was discovered by Ludwig Jacobson in 1813. During embryological development, it forms from the nasal (olfactory) placode, at the anterior edge of the neural plate. It is a chemoreceptor organ which is completely separated from the nasal cavity the majority of the time, being enclosed in a separate bony or cartilaginous capsule which opens into the base of the nasal cavity. It is a tubular crescent shape and split into two pairs, separated by the nasal septum. It is the first processing stage of the accessory olfactory system, after which chemical stimuli go to the accessory olfactory bulb, then to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus. The vomeronasal organ is mainly used to detect pheromones, chemical messengers that carry information between individuals of the same species, hence is sometimes referred to as the 'sixth sense. ' The VNO has two separate types of neuronal receptors, V1R and V2R, which are seven-transmembrane receptors that are coupled to G proteins. The receptors are distinct from each other and form the large family of receptors in the main olfactory system. Evidence shows that the VNO responds to nonvolatile cues which stimulate the receptor neurons. Information is then transferred to the accessory olfactory bulb as well as other centres of the brain such as the anterior part of the hypothalamus. Its presence in many animals has been widely studied and the importance of the vomeronasal system to the role of reproduction and social behavior (through influence on anterior hypothalamus) has been shown in many studies. Its presence and functionality in humans is widely controversial, though most studies agree the organ regresses during fetal development. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_organ dorsal horn of spinal cord BM:SpC-DH EMAPA:17773 FMA:256530 MA:0001119 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2667 SCTID:180961004 TAO:0000649 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002256 UBERON:FMA_77405-MA_0001119 VHOG:0001287 ZFA:0000649 cornu dorsale cornu posterius medullae spinalis dorsal gray column of spinal cord dorsal gray horn dorsal gray matter of spinal cord dorsal grey column of spinal cord dorsal horn dorsal horn spinal cord dorsal region of mature spinal cord dorsal region of spinal cord dorsal spinal cord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Horn_of_the_Spinal_Cord posterior gray column of spinal cord posterior gray horn of spinal cord posterior grey column of spinal cord posterior horn of spinal cord spinal cord dorsal horn spinal cord posterior horn the pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO]. uberon GO:0021516 MP:0006282 Wikipedia:Posterior_horn_of_spinal_cord the pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO]. ZFA:0000649 dorsal horn spinal cord Wikipedia:Posterior_horn_of_spinal_cord posterior horn of spinal cord FMA:256530 posterior gray horn of spinal cord Wikipedia:Posterior_horn_of_spinal_cord cornu posterius medullae spinalis FMA:256530 dorsal gray column of spinal cord FMA:256530 posterior gray column of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2667 spinal cord posterior horn FMA:256530 dorsal gray matter of spinal cord ZFA:0000649 dorsal horn NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2667 dorsal gray horn ZFA:0000649 cornu dorsale ventral horn of spinal cord EMAPA:18575 FMA:256541 MA:0001134 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668 SCTID:279443000 TAO:0000702 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002257 UBERON:FMA_77431-MA_0001134 VHOG:0001288 ZFA:0000702 anterior gray column of spinal cord anterior gray horn of spinal cord anterior grey column of spinal cord anterior horn ncithesaurus:Ventral_Horn_of_the_Spinal_Cord spinal cord anterior horn spinal cord ventral horn the ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO]. uberon ventral gray column of spinal cord ventral gray matter of spinal cord ventral grey column of spinal cord ventral grey horn ventral horn spinal cord ventral region of spinal cord ventral spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668 ventral grey horn FMA:256541 anterior gray horn of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668 anterior horn GO:0021517 MP:0005112 the ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO]. ZFA:0000702 ventral horn spinal cord FMA:256541 anterior gray column of spinal cord FMA:256541 ventral gray matter of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668 spinal cord anterior horn FMA:256541 ventral gray column of spinal cord dorsal funiculus FMA:77461 SCTID:362432005 TAO:0000501 The portion of the medulla spinalis which lies between the posterolateral sulcus and the posterior median sulcus is named the posterior funiculus. This area includes the dorsal columns (also called the posterior columns) which contains the fasciculus gracilis and, higher in the body, the fasciculus cuneatus, which are separated by a partition of glial cells. Histologically, these two fasciculi are on other sides of the dorsal intermediate sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002258 UBERON:FMA_77461-ZFA_0000501 ZFA:0000501 dorsal funiculus of spinal cord dorsal white column of spinal cord funiculus dorsalis funiculus posterior medullae spinalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png posterior funiculus posterior funiculus of spinal cord posterior white column of spinal cord uberon ZFA:0000501 funiculus dorsalis FMA:77461 posterior white column of spinal cord FMA:77461 dorsal white column of spinal cord The portion of the medulla spinalis which lies between the posterolateral sulcus and the posterior median sulcus is named the posterior funiculus. This area includes the dorsal columns (also called the posterior columns) which contains the fasciculus gracilis and, higher in the body, the fasciculus cuneatus, which are separated by a partition of glial cells. Histologically, these two fasciculi are on other sides of the dorsal intermediate sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_funiculus FMA:77461 FMA:TA funiculus posterior medullae spinalis corpora quadrigemina BTO:0001710 EV:0100244 FMA:242157 GAID:574 In the brain, the corpora quadrigemina (Latin for 'quadruplet bodies') are the four colliculi—two inferior, two superior—located on the tectum the dorsal aspect of the midbrain. The corpora quadrigemina are reflex centers involving vision and hearing. [WP,unvetted]. Two pairs of colliculi on the dorsal surface of the midbrain composed of white matter externally and gray matter within, the superior pair containing correlation centers for optic reflexes and the inferior pair containing correlation centers for auditory reflexes[BTO]. MA:0002567 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.237 SCTID:361579006 UBERON:0002259 UBERON:FMA_77488-MA_0002567 colliculi corpora quadrigemina editor note: this section needs worked on for pan-vertebrate consistency. for now we include a mammal specific definition, even though the child terms are applicable across vertebrates http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray709.png/200px-Gray709.png ncithesaurus:Corpora_Quadrigemina uberon BTO:0001710 In the brain, the corpora quadrigemina (Latin for 'quadruplet bodies') are the four colliculi—two inferior, two superior—located on the tectum the dorsal aspect of the midbrain. The corpora quadrigemina are reflex centers involving vision and hearing. [WP,unvetted]. Two pairs of colliculi on the dorsal surface of the midbrain composed of white matter externally and gray matter within, the superior pair containing correlation centers for optic reflexes and the inferior pair containing correlation centers for auditory reflexes[BTO]. Wikipedia:Corpora_quadrigemina MP:0000899 colliculi ventral root of spinal cord FMA:5979 FMA:77516 FMA:77516 xref is a 'general anatomical term'. We xref both to ensure equivalence. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090209 TAO:0000705 The efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. At its distal end, the ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve. UBERON:0002260 UBERON:FMA_77516-ZFA_0000705 ZFA:0000705 anterior nerve root anterior root http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ventral_Nerve_Root radix anterior nervi spinalis uberon ventral root FMA ZFA Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve anterior root Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve anterior nerve root The efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. At its distal end, the ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve. Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve radix anterior nervi spinalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090209 ventral root dorsal root of spinal cord BTO:0000360 FMA xref is 'general anatomical term'. We xref both to ensure equivalence. FMA:5980 In anatomy and neurology, the dorsal root (or posterior root) is the afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve. At the distal end of the dorsal root is the dorsal root ganglion, which contains the neuron cell bodies of the nerve fibres conveyed by the root. If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were severed it would lead to numbness in certain areas of the body. The lateral division of the dorsal root contains lightly myelinated and unmyelinated axons of small diameter. These transmit pain and temperature sensation from the body. These fibers cross through the anterior white commissure to form the Anterior lateral system in the lateral funiculus. The medial division of the dorsal root contains myelinated axons of larger diameter. These transmit information of discriminative touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception originating from spinal levels C2 through S5. These fibers are pushed in towards the posterior medial sulcus to form the fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090208 SCTID:362436008 TAO:0000652 UBERON:0002261 UBERON:FMA_77517-ZFA_0000652 ZFA:0000652 dorsal root dorsal root of spinal nerve dorsal spinal nerve root http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Root_of_the_Spinal_Nerve posterior root of spinal nerve radix dorsalis radix posterior radix posterior (nervus spinalis) radix sensoria (nervus spinalis) sensory root of spinal nerve uberon ZFA:0000652 radix dorsalis FMA:5980 sensory root of spinal nerve FMA:5980 radix posterior (nervus spinalis) FMA:5980 dorsal spinal nerve root FMA Wikipedia:Posterior_root_of_spinal_nerve posterior root of spinal nerve Wikipedia:Posterior_root_of_spinal_nerve radix posterior FMA:5980 radix sensoria (nervus spinalis) FMA:5980 dorsal root of spinal nerve In anatomy and neurology, the dorsal root (or posterior root) is the afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve. At the distal end of the dorsal root is the dorsal root ganglion, which contains the neuron cell bodies of the nerve fibres conveyed by the root. If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were severed it would lead to numbness in certain areas of the body. The lateral division of the dorsal root contains lightly myelinated and unmyelinated axons of small diameter. These transmit pain and temperature sensation from the body. These fibers cross through the anterior white commissure to form the Anterior lateral system in the lateral funiculus. The medial division of the dorsal root contains myelinated axons of larger diameter. These transmit information of discriminative touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception originating from spinal levels C2 through S5. These fibers are pushed in towards the posterior medial sulcus to form the fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Posterior_root_of_spinal_nerve ZFA:0000652 dorsal root celiac ganglion EHDAA2:0000266 EHDAA:8946 EMAPA:19321 FMA:77570 MA:0001158 SCTID:362492008 The celiac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of nerve tissue in the upper abdomen. Part of the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the two celiac ganglia are the largest ganglia in the ANS, and they innervate most of the digestive tract. They have the appearance of lymph glands and are placed on either side of the midline in front of the crura of the diaphragm, close to the suprarenal glands (also called adrenal glands). The ganglion on the right side is placed behind the inferior vena cava. They are sometimes referred to as the semilunar ganglia or the solar ganglia. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002262 UBERON:FMA_77570-MA_0001158 coeliac ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray848.png/200px-Gray848.png ncithesaurus:Coeliac_Ganglion uberon The celiac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of nerve tissue in the upper abdomen. Part of the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the two celiac ganglia are the largest ganglia in the ANS, and they innervate most of the digestive tract. They have the appearance of lymph glands and are placed on either side of the midline in front of the crura of the diaphragm, close to the suprarenal glands (also called adrenal glands). The ganglion on the right side is placed behind the inferior vena cava. They are sometimes referred to as the semilunar ganglia or the solar ganglia. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Celiac_ganglia lentiform nucleus BTO:0002250 EMAPA:18208 EV:0100186 FMA:77615 MA:0000896 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvyH2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279319002 TODO - add parts The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule. [WP,unvetted]. The part of the corpus striatum somewhat resembling a biconvex lens, divided into an external, larger, lateral part (putamen) and an internal, smaller, lighter colored medial part (globus pallidus), which is in turn subdivided into a smaller, medial, and a larger, lateral part by the medial medullary lamina[BTO]. UBERON:0002263 UBERON:FMA_77615-MA_0000896 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gray741.png/200px-Gray741.png lenticular nucleus ncithesaurus:Lenticular_Nucleus nucleus lenticularis nucleus lentiformis nucleus lentiformis uberon BTO:0002250 The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule. [WP,unvetted]. The part of the corpus striatum somewhat resembling a biconvex lens, divided into an external, larger, lateral part (putamen) and an internal, smaller, lighter colored medial part (globus pallidus), which is in turn subdivided into a smaller, medial, and a larger, lateral part by the medial medullary lamina[BTO]. Wikipedia:Lentiform_nucleus Wikipedia:Lentiform_nucleus nucleus lentiformis BTO:0002250 lenticular nucleus BTO:0002250 nucleus lentiformis BTO:0002250 nucleus lenticularis olfactory bulb A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO]. Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with a set of olfactory nerves and an olfactory tract. In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium, and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb[WP]. AAO:0010165 ABA:OLF BM:Tel-OB BTO:0000961 EHDAA2:0001294 EV:0100173 FMA:77624 GAID:633 MA:0000194 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.699.573 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1137 Note that in uberon 'main olfactory bulb' is a separate class, but some ontologies may treat this as partially synonymous. Development notes: the olfactory bulbs develop as bilateral evaginations from a region of the prosencephalic neural plate intercalated between the septal and the cortical anlagen (Cobos et al. 2001b, Rubenstein et al. 1998). Comparing the structure of the olfactory bulb among vertebrate species, such as the leopard frog and the lab mouse, reveals that they all share the same fundamental layout(WP). SCTID:279394006 TAO:0000402 UBERON:0002264 UBERON:FMA_77624-MA_0000194-MIAA_0000116-ZFA_0000402 VHOG:0000033 XAO:0004180 ZFA:0000402 bulbus olfactorius bulbus olfactorius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1543%2CVesalius%27OlfactoryBulbs.jpg/200px-1543%2CVesalius%27OlfactoryBulbs.jpg ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Bulb olfactory lobe uberon ZFA:0000402 olfactory lobe Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb bulbus olfactorius Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb bulbus olfactorius A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO]. Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with a set of olfactory nerves and an olfactory tract. In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium, and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb[WP]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb olfactory tract BTO:0003647 FMA:77626 MA:0000975 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1663 SCTID:362356008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex.[FMA] UBERON:0002265 UBERON:FMA_77626-MA_0000975 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Tract olfactory peduncle tractus olfactorius uberon BTO:0003647 olfactory peduncle Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract tractus olfactorius FMA:FMA Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex.[FMA] Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract BTO:0003647 tractus olfactorius anterior olfactory nucleus ABA:AON AON BM:Tel-OAN BTO:0003649 EV:0100174 FMA:77628 MA:0000968 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1085 The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON; also called the anterior olfactory cortex) is a portion of the forebrain of vertebrates. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002266 UBERON:FMA_77628-MA_0000968 anterior olfactory cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG ncithesaurus:Anterior_Olfactory_Nucleus nucleus olfactorius anterior nucleus retrobulbaris [a8] retrobulbar nucleus [a8] uberon AON BTO:0003649 Wikipedia:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus nucleus olfactorius anterior BTO:0003649 anterior olfactory cortex FMA:77628 FMA:TA nucleus retrobulbaris [a8] The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON; also called the anterior olfactory cortex) is a portion of the forebrain of vertebrates. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ABA:LDT BTO:0004016 FMA:77654 MA:0001016 The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002267 UBERON:FMA_77654-MA_0001016 lateroposterior tegmental nucleus nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis uberon Wikipedia:Laterodorsal_tegmental_nucleus nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Laterodorsal_tegmental_nucleus FMA:77654 FMA:TA nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis olfactory organ AAO:0010180 BTO:0001772 FMA:77659 UBERON:0002268 UBERON:FMA_77659-XAO_0000273 VHOG:0000287 XAO:0000273 note - fma general anatomical term. xao has no subtypes (but Johnstons organ develops from this). An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint olfactory neuroepithelium organ olfactus organum olfactorium uberon BTO:0001772 organum olfactorium BTO:0001772 olfactory neuroepithelium BTO:0001772 organ olfactus pupillary membrane FMA:77663 MA:0001293 The pupillary membrane in mammals exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens. It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002269 UBERON:FMA_77663-MA_0001293 uberon The pupillary membrane in mammals exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens. It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks. Wikipedia:Persistent_pupillary_membrane hyaloid artery Cloquet's canal Cloquets canal EHDAA2:0004072 EMAPA:19242 FMA:77670 SCTID:308790003 TAO:0005045 The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. Cloquet's canal is named after the man who first described it, French physician Jules Germain Cloquet (1790b1883). Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as "floaters". An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla. UBERON:0002270 UBERON:FMA_77670-ZFA_0005045 VHOG:0001478 XAO:0004155 ZFA def is: Artery that is internal to the eye; this is more general than the human-centric definition here.. ZFA:0005045 arteria hyaloidea central artery of retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png uberon EMAPA:19242 central artery of retina ZFA The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. Cloquet's canal is named after the man who first described it, French physician Jules Germain Cloquet (1790b1883). Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as "floaters". An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla. Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery Cloquet's canal Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery Cloquets canal Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery ZFA Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery arteria hyaloidea periventricular zone of hypothalamus ABA:PVZ FMA:77682 MA:0000846 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002271 UBERON:FMA_77682-MA_0000846 VHOG:0000623 hypothalamus periventricular zone uberon medial zone of hypothalamus ABA:MEZ FMA:77683 MA:0000837 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002272 UBERON:FMA_77683-MA_0000837 hypothalamus medial zone uberon lateral zone of hypothalamus ABA:LZ FMA:77684 MA:0000833 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002273 UBERON:FMA_77684-MA_0000833 hypothalamus lateral zone uberon perifornical nucleus FMA:77688 MA:0000836 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002274 UBERON:FMA_77688-MA_0000836 uberon reticular formation FMA:77719 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.772 SCTID:361552007 UBERON:0002275 UBERON:FMA_77719-ZFA_0000421 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gray701.png/200px-Gray701.png note that this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation. uberon lamina of spiral limbus FMA:77721 MA:0001191 The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus spiralis (or limbus laminæ spiralis), this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002276 UBERON:FMA_77721-MA_0001191 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray930.png/200px-Gray930.png limbus lamina spiralis limbus laminae spiralis spiral limbus lamina uberon The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus spiralis (or limbus laminæ spiralis), this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Limbus_laminae_spiralis spiral sulcus FMA:77744 MA:0001195 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002277 UBERON:FMA_77744-MA_0001195 sulcus spiralis uberon MA perilymphatic space BTO:0002083 FMA:77745 Retzius space SCTID:362576001 The fluid-filled space separating the membranous from the osseous labyrinth. UBERON:0002278 UBERON:FMA_77745-MA_0000248 ZFA:0005459 spatium perilymphaticum uberon Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource The fluid-filled space separating the membranous from the osseous labyrinth. vestibular aqueduct At the hinder part of the medial wall of the vestibule is the orifice of the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:77821 GAID:885 MA:0001186 MESH:A.09.246.631.909.957 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002279 UBERON:FMA_77821-MA_0001186 aqueductus vestibuli http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png uberon Wikipedia:Vestibular_aqueduct aqueductus vestibuli At the hinder part of the medial wall of the vestibule is the orifice of the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vestibular_aqueduct otolith ANISEED:777311 ANISEED:874485 Acellular structure composed of calcium carbonate located in the otolith organ. FMA:77826 TAO:0001621 UBERON:0002280 UBERON:FMA_77826-ZFA_0001617 ZFA:0001617 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg immature otolith immature otoliths ncithesaurus:Otolith otoconium otoliths statoconium statolith uberon Acellular structure composed of calcium carbonate located in the otolith organ. Wikipedia:Otolith ZFIN:curator otoliths vestibular membrane of cochlear duct FMA:77829 MA:0001200 Reissner's membrane SCTID:362575002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002281 UBERON:FMA_77829-MA_0001200 a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates scala media from scala vestibuli. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. Histologically, the membrane is composed of two layers of flattened epithelium, separated by a basal lamina. Its structure suggests that its function is transport of fluid and electrolytes. superior wall of cochlear duct uberon vestibular membrane vestibular membrane of reissner Wikipedia:Reissner's_membrane a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates scala media from scala vestibuli. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. Histologically, the membrane is composed of two layers of flattened epithelium, separated by a basal lamina. Its structure suggests that its function is transport of fluid and electrolytes. stria vascularis of cochlear duct BTO:0001819 EFO:0001644 FMA:77832 GAID:875 MA:0001198 MESH:A.09.246.631.246.292.876 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2525 SCTID:279842002 The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002282 UBERON:FMA_77832-MA_0001198 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png stria vascularis stria vascularis ductus cochlearis stria vascularis of cochlea uberon vascular stria of cochlear duct NBK53175 BTO:0001819 stria vascularis ductus cochlearis The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Stria_vascularis BTO:0001819 vascular stria of cochlear duct nail matrix FMA:77856 MA:0002707 Portion of tissue (or germinal matrix) upon which the nail rests, the part of the nail bed that extends beneath the nail root and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels. The matrix is responsible for the production of the cells that become the nail plate. The width and thickness of the nail plate is determined by the size, length, and thickness of the matrix, while the shape of the fingertip itself determines if the nail plate is flat, arched, or hooked. The matrix will continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition and remains in a healthy condition. As new nail plate cells are incubated, they emerge from the matrix round and white to push older nail plate cells forward; and in this way yet older cells become compressed, flat, and translucent, making the pink colour of the capillaries in the nail bed below visible[WP]. UBERON:0002283 UBERON:FMA_77856-MA_0002707 keratogenous membrane matrix unguis onychostroma uberon Portion of tissue (or germinal matrix) upon which the nail rests, the part of the nail bed that extends beneath the nail root and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels. The matrix is responsible for the production of the cells that become the nail plate. The width and thickness of the nail plate is determined by the size, length, and thickness of the matrix, while the shape of the fingertip itself determines if the nail plate is flat, arched, or hooked. The matrix will continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition and remains in a healthy condition. As new nail plate cells are incubated, they emerge from the matrix round and white to push older nail plate cells forward; and in this way yet older cells become compressed, flat, and translucent, making the pink colour of the capillaries in the nail bed below visible[WP]. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)#Parts_of_the_nail matrix unguis Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)#Parts_of_the_nail keratogenous membrane Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)#Parts_of_the_nail onychostroma hyponychium Epithelium located beneath the nail plate at the junction between the free edge and the skin of the fingertip. It forms a seal that protects the nail bed. FMA:77860 MA:0002705 SCTID:300918002 UBERON:0002284 UBERON:FMA_77860-MA_0002705 uberon Epithelium located beneath the nail plate at the junction between the free edge and the skin of the fingertip. It forms a seal that protects the nail bed. Wikipedia:Hyponychium lateral ventricle BM:Tel-LV BTO:0000879 EFO:0001961 EHDAA2:0001984 EHDAA:3502 EHDAA:6576 EV:0100307 FMA:78448 GAID:611 MA:0000192 MESH:A.08.186.211.276.650 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1263 OpenCyc:Mx4rvYsFdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Paired structure SCTID:180930008 TAO:0000696 The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle[GO]. The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP]. UBERON:0002285 UBERON:FMA_78448-MA_0000192 VHOG:0000643 ZFA:0000696 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png lateral ventricle of brain ncithesaurus:Lateral_Ventricle telencephalic ventricle telencephalon lateral ventricle uberon VHOG:0000643 ZFA:0000696 telencephalic ventricle GO:0021670 The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle[GO]. The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle EHDAA2:0001984 telencephalon lateral ventricle BTO:0000879 lateral ventricle of brain third ventricle 3rd ventricle BM:Die-3V EHDAA2:0000084 EMAPA:16515 EMAPA:16642 EMAPA:16900 EV:0100308 FMA:78454 GAID:614 MA:0000182 MESH:A.08.186.211.276.840 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_714 OpenCyc:Mx4rvakhcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large cavity in the midline of the diencephalon; it is continuous with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen and the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct (Maryann Martone). A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular foramina[GAID]. SCTID:180931007 Singular structure TAO:0000161 UBERON:0002286 UBERON:FMA_78454-MA_0000182-ZFA_0000161 VHOG:0000007 ZFA:0000161 diencephalic ventricle diencephalic vesicle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png ncithesaurus:Third_Ventricle_of_Brain uberon ventriculus diencephali ventriculus tertius cerebri ZFA:0000161 ventriculus diencephali GAID:614 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_714 Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large cavity in the midline of the diencephalon; it is continuous with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen and the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct (Maryann Martone). A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular foramina[GAID]. Wikipedia:Third_ventricle Wikipedia:Third_ventricle ventriculus tertius cerebri optic recess of third ventricle At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle, immediately above the optic chiasma, the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess (or supraoptic recess). [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001317 EHDAA:1343 EHDAA:1973 EHDAA:2649 EHDAA:3478 EMAPA:16644 EMAPA:16902 FMA:78455 SCTID:369279008 TAO:0000049 TODO - check taxonomic grouping UBERON:0002287 UBERON:FMA_78455-ZFA_0000049 VHOG:0000595 ZFA:0000049 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray721.png/200px-Gray721.png optic recess preoptic recess recessus supraopticus recessus supraopticus supraoptic recess uberon Wikipedia:Optic_recess recessus supraopticus At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle, immediately above the optic chiasma, the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess (or supraoptic recess). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Optic_recess FMA:78455 FMA:TA recessus supraopticus choroid plexus of third ventricle 3rd ventricle choroid plexus A choroid plexus that is part of a third ventricle [Obol]. FMA:78462 MA:0000879 SCTID:61576002 TAO:0001444 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002288 UBERON:FMA_78462-MA_0000879 VHOG:0001374 ZFA:0001444 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle chorioid plexus of third ventricle choroid plexus third ventricle diencephalic choroid plexus ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_of_the_Third_Ventricle third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere third ventricle choroid plexus uberon A choroid plexus that is part of a third ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle ZFA:0001444 diencephalic choroid plexus OBOL:automatic third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere ZFA:0001444 choroid plexus third ventricle cerebral aqueduct AO notes: Two distinct classes in ncit BM:MB-AQ EFO:0003501 EHDAA2:0001163 EHDAA:3696 EMAPA:17795 EV:0100309 FMA:78467 GAID:583 MA:0000208 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.822.187 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1261 SCTID:279249003 TAO:0000159 The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002289 UBERON:0005684 UBERON:FMA_78467-MA_0000208 VHOG:0000832 ZFA:0000159 aqueduct (sylvius) aqueduct of midbrain aqueduct of sylvius aqueductus mesencephali aqueductus mesencephali cerebral aquaduct cerebral aqueduct of sylvius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png medial tectal ventricle mesencephalic ventricle mesencephalic vesicle midbrain cerebral aqueduct midbrain ventricle ncithesaurus:Aqueduct_of_Sylvius ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Aqueduct tectal ventricle uberon ZFA:0000159 midbrain ventricle FMA:78467 FMA:TA aqueductus mesencephali ZFA:0000159 medial tectal ventricle EHDAA2:0001163 midbrain cerebral aqueduct ZFA:0000159 mesencephalic ventricle ZFA:0000159 cerebral aquaduct ZFA:0000159 tectal ventricle ZFA:0000159 mesencephalic vesicle The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct aqueductus mesencephali choroid plexus of fourth ventricle 4th ventricle choroid plexus A choroid plexus that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. FMA:78492 MA:0000983 SCTID:42214001 TAO:0001446 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002290 UBERON:FMA_78492-MA_0000983 VHOG:0001375 ZFA:0001446 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of fourth ventricle choroid plexus fourth ventricle fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere fourth ventricle choroid plexus ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_of_the_Fourth_Ventricle uberon OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle A choroid plexus that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic ZFA:0001446 choroid plexus fourth ventricle central canal EHDAA2:0004361 FMA:78497 MA:0001117 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1409 SCTID:279447004 Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord. TAO:0000938 UBERON:0002220 UBERON:0002291 UBERON:FMA_75364-MA_0001117 UBERON:FMA_78497-ZFA_0000938 ZFA:0000938 canalis centralis central canal of spinal cord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png ncithesaurus:Central_Canal neural lumen previously mapped to FMA:75364. Note some ontologies (NIF, SNOMED) subdivide this into lumbar, thoracic, etc. Note we follow FMA in distinguishing between the canal and the lumen spinal cord central canal uberon ventricle of spinal cord MA cjm FMA:78497 ventricle of spinal cord Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord. ZFIN:curator FMA ZFA:0000938 canalis centralis costovertebral joint AO notes: FMA has both this and joint of head of rib EMAPA:19020 EMAPA:19208 FMA:10382 MA:0001510 SCTID:263315000 The costovertebral joints are the articulations that connect the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. Joining of ribs to the vertebrae occurs at two places, the head and the tubercle of the rib. Two convex facets from the head attach to two adjacent vertebrae. This forms a trochoid joint, which is strengthened by the ligament of the head and the intercapital ligament. Articulation of the tubercle is to the transverse process of the adjacent vertebrae. This articulation is reinforced by the dorsal costotransverse ligament. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002292 UBERON:FMA_7951-MA_0001510 costal head joint costocorporeal joint costovertebral synovial joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray312.png/200px-Gray312.png joint of costal head joint of head of rib ncithesaurus:Costovertebral_Joint uberon FMA:7951 costal head joint FMA:7951 joint of costal head FMA:10382 costovertebral synovial joint FMA:7951 joint of head of rib FMA:7951 costocorporeal joint MA FMA The costovertebral joints are the articulations that connect the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. Joining of ribs to the vertebrae occurs at two places, the head and the tubercle of the rib. Two convex facets from the head attach to two adjacent vertebrae. This forms a trochoid joint, which is strengthened by the ligament of the head and the intercapital ligament. Articulation of the tubercle is to the transverse process of the adjacent vertebrae. This articulation is reinforced by the dorsal costotransverse ligament. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Costovertebral_joint costochondral joint A bars of hyaline cartilage located between the distal part of a rib and a costal cartilage, connecting the ribs to the sternum . FMA:7956 MA:0001509 OpenCyc:Mx4rvfy27JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:282413008 Taxon notes: In humans, Joints between costal cartilages of ribs 6-9 are plane synovial joints. Articulation between costal cartilage of rib 9 and rib 10 is fibrous UBERON:0002293 UBERON:FMA_7956-MA_0001509 articulatio costochondralis articulationes costochondrales chondrocostal synchondrosis costochondral junction costochondral synchondrosis ncithesaurus:Costochondral_Joint uberon FMA:7956 chondrocostal synchondrosis FMA:7956 FMA:TA articulatio costochondralis FMA:7956 HP:0000920 costochondral junction MA A bars of hyaline cartilage located between the distal part of a rib and a costal cartilage, connecting the ribs to the sternum . HP:0000920 Wikipedia:Costochondral_joint FMA FMA:7956 costochondral synchondrosis Wikipedia:Costochondral_joint articulationes costochondrales biliary system Anatomical system that consists of the organs and ducts (bile ducts, gallbladder, and associated structures) that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. FMA:79646 SCTID:361354009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002294 UBERON:FMA_79646-MA_0001273 biliary apparatus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png uberon Anatomical system that consists of the organs and ducts (bile ducts, gallbladder, and associated structures) that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. Wikipedia:Biliary_system scala media An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Scala media houses the organ of Corti. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0000262 FMA:79789 MA:0002458 TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media UBERON:0002295 UBERON:FMA_79789-MA_0002458 cochlear duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gray928.png/200px-Gray928.png uberon An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Scala media houses the organ of Corti. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scala_media dorsal mesentery EHDAA2:0004560 EHDAA:3019 EHDAA:3033 EHDAA:3921 EHDAA:3934 EHDAA:3957 EHDAA:3971 FMA:79795 SCTID:308823000 TAO:0005130 The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. UBERON:0002296 UBERON:FMA_79795-ZFA_0005130 ZFA:0005130 dorsal mesogastrium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gray985.png/200px-Gray985.png mesenterium dorsale commune uberon FMA Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery mesenterium dorsale commune The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery Wikipedia:Mesentery#Development ZFIN:curator EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery dorsal mesogastrium cerumen . ENVO:02000028 FMA:79869 GAID:1158 MA:0002506 MESH:A.12.200.147 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002297 UBERON:FMA_79869-MA_0002506 ear wax ncithesaurus:Cerumen uberon . Wikipedia:Cerumen brainstem ABA:BS BTO:0000146 EFO:0001962 EV:0100241 FMA:79876 MA:0000169 MESH:A.08.186.211.132 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1565 SCTID:180925009 TAO:0002156 The brainstem (or brain stem) is the lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The brain stem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Though small, this is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from the main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brain stem. This includes the corticospinal tract (motor), the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation and proprioception) and the spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch and crude touch). The brain stem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. It also regulates the central nervous system, and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. Some taxonomies describe the brain stem as the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) and pons (part of metencephalon), whereas others include the midbrain (mesencephalon). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002298 UBERON:FMA_79876-MA_0000169 VHOG:0001457 ZFA includes the tegmentum, MA the whole midbrain. Both include medulla oblongata. Here we make an overlaps link between midbrain and brainstem. Note that ABA states that cerebellum and brainstem are spatially disjoint. We do NOT include this axiom here, as it leads to multiple inconsistencies. This needs addressed in more detail. ZFA:0001707 brain stem http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray719.png/200px-Gray719.png ncithesaurus:Brain_Stem truncus encephali truncus encephalicus uberon The brainstem (or brain stem) is the lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The brain stem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Though small, this is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from the main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brain stem. This includes the corticospinal tract (motor), the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation and proprioception) and the spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch and crude touch). The brain stem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. It also regulates the central nervous system, and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. Some taxonomies describe the brain stem as the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) and pons (part of metencephalon), whereas others include the midbrain (mesencephalon). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brainstem ABA:BS brain stem BTO:0000146 truncus encephalicus Wikipedia:Brainstem truncus encephali alveolus of lung BTO:0000060 EFO:0001985 EMAPA:19182 EMAPA:19184 EMAPA:19186 EMAPA:19188 EMAPA:19190 EV:0100043 FMA:7318 GAID:349 MA:0000420 MESH:A.04.411.715 SCTID:361364000 Spherical outcropping of the respiratory bronchioles and primary site of gas exchange with the blood. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates[WP]. UBERON:0002299 UBERON:FMA_82493-MA_0000420 VHOG:0001445 alveoli alveolus alveolus pulmonis alveolus pulmonis lung alveolus pulmonary alveolus uberon Spherical outcropping of the respiratory bronchioles and primary site of gas exchange with the blood. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates[WP]. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_alveolus MA FMA FMA:7318 pulmonary alveolus BTO:0000060 alveoli Wikipedia:Pulmonary_alveolus alveolus pulmonis Wikipedia:Pulmonary_alveolus alveolus pulmonis ventricle A chamber of an organ with cavitated organ parts. Examples: right ventricle of heart, lateral ventricle of brain. UBERON:0002300 UBERON:FMA_82553-MA_0000818 true uberon A chamber of an organ with cavitated organ parts. Examples: right ventricle of heart, lateral ventricle of brain. Wikipedia:Ventricle_of_the_larynx layer of neocortex ABA:CTX1-6b FMA:83138 MA:0000186 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002301 UBERON:FMA_83138-MA_0000186 cerebral cortex layer cortical layer neocortex layer uberon MA:0000186 cerebral cortex layer myocardium of atrium A myocardium that is part of a cardiac atrium [Obol]. Cardiac atria cardiac muscle Cardiac atria heart muscle Cardiac atria heart myocardium Cardiac atria muscle of heart Cardiac atria myocardium EFO:0003087 FMA:83509 MA:0000081 SCTID:191910002 TAO:0001374 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002302 UBERON:FMA_83509-MA_0000081-ZFA_0001374 VHOG:0000602 ZFA:0001374 atrial myocardium atrium myocardium atrium of heart cardiac muscle atrium of heart heart muscle atrium of heart heart myocardium atrium of heart muscle of heart atrium of heart myocardium cardiac atrium cardiac muscle cardiac atrium heart muscle cardiac atrium heart myocardium cardiac atrium muscle of heart cardiac atrium myocardium cardiac muscle of Cardiac atria cardiac muscle of atrium of heart cardiac muscle of cardiac atrium cardiac muscle of heart atrium heart atrium cardiac muscle heart atrium heart muscle heart atrium heart myocardium heart atrium muscle of heart heart atrium myocardium heart muscle of Cardiac atria heart muscle of atrium of heart heart muscle of cardiac atrium heart muscle of heart atrium heart myocardium of Cardiac atria heart myocardium of atrium of heart heart myocardium of cardiac atrium heart myocardium of heart atrium muscle of heart of Cardiac atria muscle of heart of atrium of heart muscle of heart of cardiac atrium muscle of heart of heart atrium myocardium of Cardiac atria myocardium of atrium of heart myocardium of cardiac atrium myocardium of heart atrium uberon OBOL:automatic heart atrium heart muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of heart atrium Cardiac atria myocardium OBOL:automatic Cardiac atria muscle of heart OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of Cardiac atria Cardiac atria heart muscle OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of Cardiac atria OBOL:automatic heart atrium muscle of heart OBOL:automatic heart muscle of atrium of heart OBOL:automatic myocardium of atrium of heart OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of atrium of heart OBOL:automatic atrium of heart heart myocardium OBOL:automatic myocardium of Cardiac atria OBOL:automatic heart muscle of Cardiac atria OBOL:automatic heart muscle of cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart muscle of heart atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic myocardium of cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic atrium of heart heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac atrium myocardium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of Cardiac atria OBOL:automatic heart atrium heart myocardium Cardiac atria cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic myocardium of heart atrium A myocardium that is part of a cardiac atrium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of heart atrium Cardiac atria heart myocardium OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cardiac atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac atrium muscle of heart OBOL:automatic atrium of heart cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic atrium of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic heart atrium myocardium OBOL:automatic atrium of heart muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of heart atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac atrium heart muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac atrium heart myocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of atrium of heart juxtaglomerular apparatus An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP]. EMAPA:30449 FMA:83599 GAID:432 MA:0002546 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.520.520 SCTID:362219002 UBERON:0002303 UBERON:FMA_83599-MA_0002546 juxtaglomerular complex ncithesaurus:Juxtaglomerular_Apparatus uberon An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP]. GO:0072206 Wikipedia:Juxtaglomerular_apparatus layer of dentate gyrus FMA:83678 MA:0002429 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002304 UBERON:FMA_83678-MA_0002429 dentate gyrus layer uberon layer of hippocampus FMA:83679 MA:0002427 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1192 TODO - check NIF xref UBERON:0002305 UBERON:FMA_83679-MA_0002427 cytoarchitectural fields of hippocampal formation hippocampus layer the layers of the laminar structure of the hippocampus. uberon MP:0000813 Wikipedia:Hippocampus_anatomy#Hippocampal_Cells_and_Layers the layers of the laminar structure of the hippocampus. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1192 cytoarchitectural fields of hippocampal formation nasal mucus BTO:0003603 FMA:83688 In the respiratory system mucus aids in the protection of the lungs by trapping foreign particles that enter it, particularly through the nose, during normal breathing. Phlegm is a specialized term for mucus that is restricted to the respiratory tract, while the term mucus more globally describes secretions of the nasal passages as well. MA:0002535 TODO - split nasal vs respiratory tract? UBERON:0002306 UBERON:FMA_83688-MA_0002535 ncithesaurus:Nasal_Mucus respiratory mucus uberon In the respiratory system mucus aids in the protection of the lungs by trapping foreign particles that enter it, particularly through the nose, during normal breathing. Phlegm is a specialized term for mucus that is restricted to the respiratory tract, while the term mucus more globally describes secretions of the nasal passages as well. Wikipedia:Nasal_mucus#Respiratory_system BTO:0003603 respiratory mucus choroid plexus of lateral ventricle A choroid plexus that is part of a lateral ventricle [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004449 FMA:83711 MA:0000961 SCTID:70064002 TAO:0001447 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002307 UBERON:FMA_83711-MA_0000961 VHOG:0001376 ZFA:0001447 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of lateral ventricle choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle choroid plexus ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle uberon A choroid plexus that is part of a lateral ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere ZFA:0001447 choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle nucleus of brain FMA:83840 MA:0000811 Nucleus of neuraxis which is located within the brain. Example: pontobulbar nucleus, globose nucleus[FMA]. brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neurons. It is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex. In anatomical sections, a nucleus shows up as a region of gray matter, often bordered by white matter. The vertebrate brain contains hundreds of distinguishable nuclei, varying widely in shape and size. A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers.[Wikipedia] SCTID:426465002 UBERON:0002308 UBERON:FMA_83840-MA_0000811 We considered merging with 'neural nucleus' ZFA:0005575 brain nucleus ncithesaurus:Brain_Nucleus uberon FMA:83840 Nucleus of neuraxis which is located within the brain. Example: pontobulbar nucleus, globose nucleus[FMA]. brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neurons. It is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex. In anatomical sections, a nucleus shows up as a region of gray matter, often bordered by white matter. The vertebrate brain contains hundreds of distinguishable nuclei, varying widely in shape and size. A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers.[Wikipedia] Wikipedia:Nucleus_(neuroanatomy) medial longitudinal fasciculus BTO:0003951 FMA:83846 MLF SCTID:362397001 TAO:0000543 The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a pair of crossed fiber tracts, one on each side of the brainstem. These bundles of axons are situated near the midline of the brainstem and are composed of both ascending and descending fibers that arise from a number of sources and terminate in different areas. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002309 UBERON:FMA_83846-ZFA_0000543 ZFA:0000543 fasciculus longitudinalis medialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gray711.png/200px-Gray711.png uberon Wikipedia:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus fasciculus longitudinalis medialis MLF ZFA:0000543 The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a pair of crossed fiber tracts, one on each side of the brainstem. These bundles of axons are situated near the midline of the brainstem and are composed of both ascending and descending fibers that arise from a number of sources and terminate in different areas. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus hippocampus fimbria A prominent band of white matter along the medial edge of the hippocampus[WP]. BM:Tel-FI FMA:83866 MA:0000949 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502 SCTID:369096000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002310 UBERON:FMA_83866-MA_0000949 fimbria fimbria hippocampi fimbria hippocampus fimbria of hippocampus fimbria of the fornix fimbria-fornix hippocampal fimbria http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray749.png/200px-Gray749.png ncithesaurus:Fimbria neuraxis fimbria uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502 fimbria of the fornix MA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502 fimbria-fornix Wikipedia:Fimbria_of_hippocampus fimbria hippocampi MP:0009324 hippocampal fimbria NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502 fimbria A prominent band of white matter along the medial edge of the hippocampus[WP]. Wikipedia:Fimbria_of_hippocampus FMA:83866 fimbria of hippocampus nodulus of cerebellum UBERON:0002311 UBERON:0004083 UBERON:FMA_83882-MA_0001007 true uberon hippocampus pyramidal layer A cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the hippocampus in which pyramidal cells are predominant. Its location is superficial to the Stratum oriens; it is deep to the Stratum radiatum in area CA1 and area CA2 and deep to the Stratum lucidum in area CA3 (Stephan-75) (NeuroNames). BTO:0001066 FMA:83895 MA:0000956 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444 UBERON:0002313 UBERON:0005369 UBERON:FMA_83895-MA_0000956 hippocampus stratum pyramidale pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus pyramidal layer of hippocampus stratum pyramidale stratum pyramidale hippocampi uberon A cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the hippocampus in which pyramidal cells are predominant. Its location is superficial to the Stratum oriens; it is deep to the Stratum radiatum in area CA1 and area CA2 and deep to the Stratum lucidum in area CA3 (Stephan-75) (NeuroNames). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444 stratum pyramidale hippocampi NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444 stratum pyramidale FMA:83895 pyramidal layer of hippocampus midbrain tectum BM:MB-Tec BTO:0001793 Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei [MM, NIF]. The tectum is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). This is contrasted with the tegmentum, which refers to the region ventral to the ventricular system. It is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. [WP,unvetted]. EFO:0000920 EHDAA2:0004474 EMAPA:19051 FMA:83902 In adult humans it is present only in the mesencephalon as the inferior and the superior colliculi[WP]. MA:0000211 MAT:0000451 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1032 SCTID:362394008 UBERON:0002314 UBERON:FMA_83902-MA_0000211 VHOG:0001388 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray685.png/200px-Gray685.png mesencephalic tectum ncithesaurus:Tectum_Mesencephali neuraxis tectum t. mesencephali tectum tectum mesencephali uberon ZFA:0000445 mesencephalic tectum Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei [MM, NIF]. The tectum is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). This is contrasted with the tegmentum, which refers to the region ventral to the ventricular system. It is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1032 Wikipedia:Midbrain_tectum BTO:0001793 tectum mesencephali Wikipedia:Midbrain_tectum t. mesencephali gray matter of spinal cord FMA:256580 MA:0000002 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100204 SCTID:279441003 UBERON:0002315 UBERON:FMA_83926-MA_0000002 gray matter of neuraxis of spinal cord grey matter of spinal cord grey substance of spinal cord ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter_of_the_Spinal_Cord spinal cord gray matter spinal cord gray matter of neuraxis spinal cord grey matter spinal cord grey substance the ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. uberon OBOL:automatic gray matter of neuraxis of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord gray matter OBOL:automatic spinal cord grey substance OBOL:automatic spinal cord gray matter of neuraxis MP:0008503 the ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. white matter AEO:0000139 FMA:83929 Heterogeneous cluster of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord. MA:0001135 NIF_GrossAnatomy:Class_2 OpenCyc:Mx4rwOAsDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000145 TAO:0002142 TAO:0002143 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002316 UBERON:FMA_83929-MA_0001135 ZFA:0001682 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png ncithesaurus:White_Matter substantia alba uberon white matter of neuraxis white substance FMA:83929 white matter of neuraxis Wikipedia:White_matter substantia alba Heterogeneous cluster of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord. Wikipedia:White_matter white matter of cerebellum FMA:83943 MA:0002430 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1562 SCTID:362412009 TAO:0002183 UBERON:0002317 UBERON:FMA_83943-MA_0002430 ZFA:0001708 cerebellar white matter cerebellum white matter ncithesaurus:Cerebellum_White_Matter note that in NIF this is a composite structure; in MA and FMA it is explicitly part of cerebellum. This leads to consistency problems with strict parcellation schemes like ABA, see cerebellar peduncles. In NIF this is a composite structure, this is followed partially here in weakening the relationship to overlaps uberon FMA-weakened MA-weakened white matter of spinal cord FMA:83945 MA:0000910 SCTID:279436006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002318 UBERON:FMA_83945-MA_0000910 ncithesaurus:White_Matter_of_the_Spinal_Cord spinal cord white matter spinal cord white matter of neuraxis spinal cord white substance the regions of the spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites. uberon white matter of neuraxis of spinal cord white substance of spinal cord OBOL:automatic white matter of neuraxis of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord white substance OBOL:automatic white substance of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord white matter of neuraxis MP:0008027 the regions of the spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites. mesangium BTO:0002494 EMAPA:28248 FMA:84139 MA:0002617 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.520.380 UBERON:0002319 UBERON:FMA_84139-MA_0002617 WP considers this the same as glomerular mesangium. In MA, glomerular and extraglomerular are distingsuished. inner layer of the glomerulus, within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries. ncithesaurus:Mesangium uberon Wikipedia:Mesangium http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=974957 inner layer of the glomerulus, within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries. glomerular mesangium A thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. It is connective tissue composed of mesangial cells - myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells (MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR), PHAGOCYTES and the mesangial EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. EMAPA:27961 EMAPA:28248 FMA:84140 GAID:430 MA:0002606 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.520.380 SCTID:244574009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002320 UBERON:FMA_84140-MA_0002606 uberon A thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. It is connective tissue composed of mesangial cells - myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells (MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR), PHAGOCYTES and the mesangial EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. MESH:A.05.810.453.736.520.380 Wikipedia:Glomerular_mesangium GO extraglomerular mesangium EMAPA:28278 FMA:84141 MA:0002602 UBERON:0002321 UBERON:FMA_84141-MA_0002602 editor note - check MA part_ofs - should be spatially disjoint from renal glomerulus? uberon MA MA MA periventricular nucleus . FMA:84354 TAO:0000260 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002322 UBERON:FMA_84354-ZFA_0000260 ZFA:0000260 uberon ventral zone of periventricular hypothalamus ZFA:0000260 ventral zone of periventricular hypothalamus . Wikipedia:Periventricular_nucleus body cavity AEO:0000186 BTO:0001707 EHDAA2:0000267 FBbt:00005060 FMA:85006 MA:0002447 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 SCTID:361348008 TAO:0001438 UBERON:0000169 UBERON:0002323 UBERON:FMA_85006-MA_0002447-ZFA_0001438 ZFA:0001438 celom coelom coelome coelomic cavity editor note: check the FMA placement here; add developmental relationships; check EHDAA2 fluid-filled space between epidermis and outer lining of gut cavity[WP]. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. galen:BodyCavity hemocoel ncithesaurus:Cavity space of body compartment uberon ventral body cavity FMA:85006 space of body compartment FBbt:00005060 hemocoel pre inferred via union_of EHDAA2:0000267 coelomic cavity Wikipedia:Body_cavity fluid-filled space between epidermis and outer lining of gut cavity[WP]. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. definitional BTO:0001707 celom BTO:0001707 coelome muscle of back A muscle organ that is part of a back [Obol]. FMA:85216 MA:0000496 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002324 UBERON:FMA_85216-MA_0000496 back muscle back muscle organ muscle organ of back uberon A muscle organ that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of back OBOL:automatic back muscle organ epithelium of urethra FMA:85275 MA:0001686 The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002325 UBERON:FMA_85275-MA_0001686 epithelial tissue of urethra ncithesaurus:Urethra_Epithelium uberon urethra epithelial tissue urethra epithelium urethral epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of urethra OBOL:automatic urethra epithelial tissue GO GO:0061071 The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.. lamina propria of urethra A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Obol]. FMA:85276 MA:0001689 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002326 UBERON:FMA_85276-MA_0001689 lamina propria mucosa of urethra lamina propria mucosae of urethra uberon urethra lamina propria urethra lamina propria mucosa urethra lamina propria mucosae urethral lamina propria OBOL:automatic urethra lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic urethra lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of urethra OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of urethra A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic trunk of intercostal nerve FMA:85315 MA:0001176 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002327 UBERON:FMA_85315-MA_0001176 intercostal nerve trunk intercostal neural trunk uberon notochord AAO:0000327 Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue[VSAO]. The notochord is an elongate, rod-like, skeletal structure dorsal to the gut tube and ventral to the nerve cord. The notochord should not be confused with the backbone or vertebral column of most adult vertebrates. The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB]. BTO:0001768 Development notes: In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord EHDAA2:0001277 EHDAA:1241 EHDAA:6021 EMAPA:16191 EV:0100002 FMA:85521 GAID:1311 MAT:0000281 MESH:A.16.254.610 SCTID:308820002 TAO:0000135 UBERON:0002328 UBERON:FMA_85521-XAO_0000055-ZFA_0000135 VHOG:0000199 VSAO:0000032 XAO:0000055 ZFA:0000135 embryonic notocord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png ncithesaurus:Notochord notochorda notocord uberon Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue[VSAO]. The notochord is an elongate, rod-like, skeletal structure dorsal to the gut tube and ventral to the nerve cord. The notochord should not be confused with the backbone or vertebral column of most adult vertebrates. The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB]. ISBN:0815318960 NLM:notochord VSAO:0000032 Wikipedia:Notochord ZFIN:curator http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/25 ZFA:0000135 notocord VSAO Wikipedia:Notochord notochorda somite A segmental mass of mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo, occurring in pairs along the notochord and developing into muscles and vertebrae[BTO]. Portion of mesoderm distributed along the two sides of the neural tube and that will eventually become dermis (dermatome), skeletal muscle (myotome), and vertebrae (sclerotome)[WP]. In Zebrafish: Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome). // Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> AAO:0010569 BTO:0001558 EHDAA2:0003436 EHDAA:366 EHDAA:699 Editor notes: currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and UBERONREF:0000002. Consider making "somitic mesoderm" a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk // When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] FMA:85522 GAID:1306 MAT:0000068 MESH:A.16.254.425.660.750 MIAA:0000068 TAO:0000155 UBERON:0002329 UBERON:FMA_85522-MIAA_0000068-XAO_0000058-ZFA_0000155 VHOG:0000191 XAO:0000058 ZFA:0000155 epithelial somite http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png mesodermal cluster ncithesaurus:Somite somites somitic mesoderm somitus uberon ZFA A segmental mass of mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo, occurring in pairs along the notochord and developing into muscles and vertebrae[BTO]. Portion of mesoderm distributed along the two sides of the neural tube and that will eventually become dermis (dermatome), skeletal muscle (myotome), and vertebrae (sclerotome)[WP]. In Zebrafish: Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome). // Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> BTO:0001558 OMD:somite Wikipedia:Somite XB:curator ZFIN:curator somites Wikipedia:Somite somitus UBERONREF:0000002 epithelial somite EHDAA2 GO:0001756 mesodermal cluster exocrine system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. EHDAA2:0002225 FMA:85539 MA:0002411 UBERON:0002330 UBERON:FMA_85539-MA_0002411 exocrine glandular system ncithesaurus:Exocrine_System uberon Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland EHDAA2:0002225 exocrine glandular system umbilical cord BTO:0001415 EFO:0001415 EHDAA2:0000312 EHDAA:158 EMAPA:26115 EV:0100127 FMA:85541 GAID:517 MAT:0000280 MESH:A.16.254.789 MIAA:0000280 OpenCyc:Mx4rvyewDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280644003 The connecting cord from the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord comes from the same zygote as the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the umbilical arteries return the deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood[WP]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002331 UBERON:FMA_85541-MIAA_0000280 birth cord connecting stalk funiculus umbilicalis ncithesaurus:Umbilical_Cord uberon yolk stalk Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord funiculus umbilicalis The connecting cord from the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord comes from the same zygote as the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the umbilical arteries return the deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood[WP]. Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord birth cord BTO:0001415 yolk stalk pulmonary trunk EFO:0001399 EHDAA2:0001576 EHDAA:9831 EMAPA:17015 EMAPA:18240 FMA:8612 MA:0002033 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-6d0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Pulmonary arterial trunk which is continuous with the right ventricle.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002333 UBERON:FMA_8612-MA_0002033 VHOG:0001134 galen:PulmonaryTrunk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png pulmonary artery (trunk) trunk of pulmonary arterial tree uberon FMA:FMA Pulmonary arterial trunk which is continuous with the right ventricle.[FMA] Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery submandibular duct BTO:0004556 FMA:86266 MA:0002698 The submandibular duct (Wharton's duct, submaxillary duct) is one of the salivary ducts. It is about 5 cm. long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct. It begins by numerous branches from the deep surface of the gland, and runs forward between the mylohyoideus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus, then between the sublingual gland and the genioglossus, and opens by a narrow orifice on the summit of a small at the side of the frenulum linguæ. On the hyoglossus it lies between the lingual and hypoglossal nerves, but at the anterior border of the muscle it is crossed laterally by the lingual nerve; the terminal branches of the lingual nerve ascend on its medial side. It drains saliva from the submandibular glands and sublingual glands to the sublingual caruncle at the base of the tongue. It was initially described by the English anatomist Thomas Wharton and sometimes referred to by his name. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002334 UBERON:FMA_86266-MA_0002698 ductus submaxillaris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray1024.png/200px-Gray1024.png ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Duct submandibular salivary duct submaxillary duct uberon The submandibular duct (Wharton's duct, submaxillary duct) is one of the salivary ducts. It is about 5 cm. long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct. It begins by numerous branches from the deep surface of the gland, and runs forward between the mylohyoideus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus, then between the sublingual gland and the genioglossus, and opens by a narrow orifice on the summit of a small at the side of the frenulum linguæ. On the hyoglossus it lies between the lingual and hypoglossal nerves, but at the anterior border of the muscle it is crossed laterally by the lingual nerve; the terminal branches of the lingual nerve ascend on its medial side. It drains saliva from the submandibular glands and sublingual glands to the sublingual caruncle at the base of the tongue. It was initially described by the English anatomist Thomas Wharton and sometimes referred to by his name. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct ductus submaxillaris macula densa BTO:0003940 FMA:86333 MA:0002603 SCTID:244657003 The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO].. UBERON:0002335 UBERON:FMA_86333-MA_0002603 ncithesaurus:Macula_Densa uberon GO:0072024 The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO].. Wikipedia:Macula_densa MA corpus callosum BM:Tel-CC BTO:0000615 EFO:0001390 EV:0100305 FMA:86464 GAID:683 MA:0000188 MAT:0000286 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.362 MIAA:0000286 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1087 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbNzdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362354006 The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres[GO]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002336 UBERON:FMA_86464-MA_0000188-MIAA_0000286 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gray733.png/200px-Gray733.png ncithesaurus:Corpus_Callosum uberon The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres[GO]. Wikipedia:Corpus_callosum endometrial stroma FMA:86487 MA:0002734 SCTID:254115004 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002337 UBERON:FMA_86487-MA_0002734 endometrium stroma ncithesaurus:Endometrial_Stroma stroma of endometrium uberon lamina propria of bronchus A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. FMA:86619 MA:0001836 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002338 UBERON:FMA_86619-MA_0001836 bronchi lamina propria bronchi lamina propria mucosa bronchi lamina propria mucosae bronchial trunk lamina propria bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae bronchus lamina propria bronchus lamina propria mucosa bronchus lamina propria mucosae lamina propria mucosa of bronchi lamina propria mucosa of bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa of bronchus lamina propria mucosae of bronchi lamina propria mucosae of bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae of bronchus lamina propria of bronchi lamina propria of bronchial trunk ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Lamina_Propria uberon OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bronchi OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bronchus OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bronchi OBOL:automatic lamina propria of bronchi OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchi lamina propria mucosae A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk lamina propria OBOL:automatic lamina propria of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchi lamina propria OBOL:automatic bronchi lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchus lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic bronchus lamina propria mucosa epithelium of lobar bronchus EMAPA:17390 EMAPA:17658 EMAPA:17666 EMAPA:17984 EMAPA:17989 EMAPA:17994 EMAPA:18000 FMA:86624 MA:0001842 UBERON:0002339 UBERON:FMA_86624-MA_0001842 epithelial tissue of lobar bronchus epithelial tissue of secondary bronchus epithelium of secondary bronchus lobar bronchial epithelium lobar bronchus epithelial tissue lobar bronchus epithelium secondary bronchus epithelial tissue secondary bronchus epithelium the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus. uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lobar bronchus OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus epithelial tissue GO:0060481 the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus. OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus epithelium epithelium of main bronchus An epithelium that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001047 EHDAA:5003 EMAPA:16851 FMA:86625 MA:0001847 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002340 UBERON:0003245 UBERON:FMA_86625-MA_0001847 VHOG:0001034 bronchus principalis epithelial tissue bronchus principalis epithelium epithelial tissue of bronchus principalis epithelial tissue of main bronchus epithelial tissue of primary bronchus epithelial tissue of principal bronchus epithelium of bronchus principalis epithelium of primary bronchus epithelium of principal bronchus main bronchial epithelium main bronchus epithelial tissue main bronchus epithelium primary bronchus epithelial tissue primary bronchus epithelium principal bronchus epithelial tissue principal bronchus epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic primary bronchus epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic epithelium of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of main bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic principal bronchus epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic main bronchus epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelium of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic principal bronchus epithelial tissue epithelium of segmental bronchus An epithelium that is part of a segmental bronchus [Obol]. FMA:86626 MA:0001850 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002341 UBERON:FMA_86626-MA_0001850 epithelial tissue of segmental bronchus epithelial tissue of tertiary bronchus epithelium of tertiary bronchus segmental bronchial epithelium segmental bronchus epithelial tissue segmental bronchus epithelium tertiary bronchus epithelial tissue tertiary bronchus epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic tertiary bronchus epithelium OBOL:automatic tertiary bronchus epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a segmental bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelium of tertiary bronchus OBOL:automatic segmental bronchus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of tertiary bronchus OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of segmental bronchus neural crest AAO:0010578 BTO:0001764 EHDAA2:0004419 Editor note: consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). Taxon notes: A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831]. Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. FMA:86666 GAID:1310 MAT:0000066 MESH:A.16.254.600 MIAA:0000066 SCTID:361462002 TAO:0000045 The neural crest, a transient component of the ectoderm, is located in between the neural tube and the epidermis (or the free margins of the neural folds) of an embryo during neural tube formation. Neural crest cells quickly migrate during or shortly after neurulation, an embryological event marked by neural tube closure. UBERON:0002342 UBERON:FMA_86666-MIAA_0000066-XAO_0000048-ZFA_0000045 VHOG:0000057 XAO:0000048 ZFA:0000045 crista neuralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray644.png/200px-Gray644.png ncithesaurus:Neural_Crest uberon The neural crest, a transient component of the ectoderm, is located in between the neural tube and the epidermis (or the free margins of the neural folds) of an embryo during neural tube formation. Neural crest cells quickly migrate during or shortly after neurulation, an embryological event marked by neural tube closure. Wikipedia:Neural_crest PMID:11523831 PMID:11523831 UBERONREF:0000002 XAO Wikipedia:Neural_crest crista neuralis BTO abdomen musculature FMA:71294 FMA:86917 Set of all muscles in abdomen. TAO:0001327 UBERON:0002343 UBERON:FMA_86917-ZFA_0001327 ZFA:0001327 abdominal musculature muscle group of abdomen muscles of abdomen musculature of abdomen musculature of abdominal wall note distinction between abdomen muscle and abdomen musculature uberon FMA:71294 muscle group of abdomen OBOL:automatic Set of all muscles in abdomen. FMA:86917 musculature of abdominal wall FMA:71294 muscles of abdomen descending thoracic aorta EFO:0002527 EMAPA:18605 FMA:87217 MA:0002572 SCTID:181301002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002345 UBERON:FMA_87217-MA_0002572 the part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. uberon MP:0009868 the part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. neurectoderm AAO:0011074 BILA:0000039 EHDAA2:0001248 EHDAA:1498 EHDAA:255 EMAPA:16073 EV:0100004 Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. FBbt:00001061 FMA:87657 MAT:0000176 MIAA:0000176 TAO:0001120 Terminology notes: we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here UBERON:0002346 UBERON:FMA_87657-MIAA_0000176-XAO_0000042-ZFA_0001120 VHOG:0000150 XAO:0000042 ZFA:0001120 epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma ncithesaurus:Neuroectoderm neuaral ectoderm neural ectoderm neuroectoderm presumptive central nervous system uberon Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm UBERONREF:0000002 Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma thoracic vertebra EMAPA:18011 FMA:9139 GAID:244 In humans, the 12 thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000314 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.892 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdZIBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181821009 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002347 UBERON:FMA_9139-MA_0000314 dorsal vertebra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray90.png/200px-Gray90.png ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vertebra thorax vertebra uberon vertebra of thorax vertebra thoracica In humans, the 12 thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebra OBOL:automatic thorax vertebra OBOL:automatic vertebra of thorax epicardium AAO:0010409 EHDAA2:0002202 FMA:9461 Region of visceral serous pericardium which has as its part, the mesothelium, subepicardial layer of epicardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that is attached to the myocardium and is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium[FMA]. External layer of the heart[ZFA]. TAO:0005057 TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium -- When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer. UBERON:0002348 UBERON:FMA_9461-XAO_0000316-ZFA_0005057 VHOG:0000119 XAO:0000316 ZFA:0005057 galen:Epicardium heart epicardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png lamina visceralis pericardii serosi ncithesaurus:Epicardium uberon visceral serous pericardium of heart visceral serous pericardium proper FMA:9461 visceral serous pericardium proper Wikipedia:Epicardium lamina visceralis pericardii serosi Region of visceral serous pericardium which has as its part, the mesothelium, subepicardial layer of epicardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that is attached to the myocardium and is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium[FMA]. External layer of the heart[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Epicardium ZFIN:curator myocardium AAO:0010410 BTO:0000901 EFO:0000819 EHDAA2:0004150 EV:0100022 FMA:9462 GAID:173 MA:0000164 MAT:0000453 MESH:A.02.633.580 OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 SCTID:362012001 TAO:0001319 TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium UBERON:0002349 UBERON:FMA_9462-MA_0000164-XAO_0000065-ZFA_0001319 VHOG:0000083 XAO:0000065 ZFA:0001319 cardiac muscle galen:Myocardium heart muscle heart myocardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Glanzstreifen.jpg/200px-Glanzstreifen.jpg middle muscular layer of the heart wall[M-W]. Muscle layer of organ which has as its parts the myocardium proper and the conducting system of the heart[FMA]. muscle of heart ncithesaurus:Myocardium uberon ZFA:0001319 heart muscle FMA:9462 muscle of heart ZFA:0001319 cardiac muscle Wikipedia:Myocardium middle muscular layer of the heart wall[M-W]. Muscle layer of organ which has as its parts the myocardium proper and the conducting system of the heart[FMA]. conducting system of heart The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO] EFO:0003909 EHDAA2:0004185 EV:0100025 Editor notes: EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue FMA:9476 MA:0000094 MESH:A.07.541.409 SCTID:281489000 TAO:0005063 UBERON:0002350 UBERON:FMA_9476-ZFA_0005063 VHOG:0001271 ZFA:0005063 cardiac conduction system cardiac impulse conducting system cardionector central conduction system heart conduction system impulse conducting system uberon The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO] GO:0003161 FMA MA:0000094 impulse conducting system FMA GO:0003161 cardiac impulse conducting system GO:0003161 heart conduction system sinoatrial node BTO:0004358 EHDAA2:0004184 FMA:9477 GAID:561 Koch's node MA:0000097 MESH:A.07.541.409.819 OpenCyc:Mx4rOhejDGMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g SA nodal muscle tissue SA node SCTID:277687007 TAO:0005069 The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. UBERON:0002351 UBERON:FMA_9477-MA_0000097-ZFA_0005069 WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node. ZFA:0005069 cardiac pacemaker http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg/200px-Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg ncithesaurus:Sinoatrial_Node node of Keith-Flack nodus sinuatrialis nodus sinuatrialis sinoatrial node sinu-atrial node sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue sinuatrial node sinus node sinus node of Keith and Flack uberon FMA:9477 sinus node of Keith and Flack FMA:9477 node of Keith-Flack FMA:9477 cardiac pacemaker FMA:9477 Koch's node FMA:9477 SA node FMA:9477 FMA:TA nodus sinuatrialis FMA:9477 sinuatrial node FMA:9477 sinus node FMA:9477 sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue ZFA FMA:9477 SA nodal muscle tissue FMA:9477 sinu-atrial node FMA:9477 sinoatrial node GO:0003163 The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node nodus sinuatrialis atrioventricular node EFO:0000276 EHDAA2:0004183 FMA:9478 GAID:558 MA:0000095 MAT:0000498 MESH:A.07.541.409.147 OpenCyc:Mx4rMfD91mMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g SCTID:277688002 Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is located in the muscular part of the interatrial septum that is continuous with the atrioventricular bundle.[FMA] TAO:0005070 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002352 UBERON:FMA_9478-MA_0000095-ZFA_0005070 VHOG:0001474 ZFA:0005070 aschoff-tawara node atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue av nodal muscle tissue av node http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray501.png/200px-Gray501.png ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Node node of tawara nodus atrioventricularis uberon FMA:FMA Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is located in the muscular part of the interatrial septum that is continuous with the atrioventricular bundle.[FMA] Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node nodus atrioventricularis atrioventricular bundle FMA:9484 GAID:559 His bundle MA:0002576 MESH:A.07.541.409.273 OpenCyc:Mx4rUv1WcGPJEd2AAABQjYGu0g SCTID:362022007 Subdivision of conducting system of heart which consists of the atrial part and the ventricular part of the atrioventricular bundle and is the direct continuation of the atrioventricular node.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002353 UBERON:FMA_9484-MA_0002576 atrioventricular bundle muscle tissue atrioventricular fasciculus bundle of His fasciculus atrioventricularis galen:BundleOfHis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/ECG_Principle_fast.gif/200px-ECG_Principle_fast.gif ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Bundle uberon FMA:9484 bundle of His FMA:9484 atrioventricular bundle muscle tissue FMA:FMA Subdivision of conducting system of heart which consists of the atrial part and the ventricular part of the atrioventricular bundle and is the direct continuation of the atrioventricular node.[FMA] Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His fasciculus atrioventricularis FMA:9484 atrioventricular fasciculus GO purkinje fiber Conducting tissue of heart which consists of Purkinje myocytes.[FMA] FMA:9492 GAID:560 MA:0000096 MESH:A.07.541.409.683 UBERON:0002354 UBERON:FMA_9492-MA_0000096 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray498.png/200px-Gray498.png myofibra conducens cardiacus ncithesaurus:Purkinje_Fiber uberon Conducting tissue of heart which consists of Purkinje myocytes.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Purkinje_fiber FMA pelvis BTO:0001006 EFO:0002805 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 GAID:87 MA:0000030 MESH:A.01.673 Note that MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:229765004 Subdivision of abdomen, which is demarcated from the abdomen proper by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture, and from the perineum by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm; together with the abdomen proper, it constitutes the abdomen[FMA]. UBERON:0002355 UBERON:FMA_9578-MA_0000030 galen:Pelvis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray242.png/200px-Gray242.png lesser pelvis ncithesaurus:Pelvis true pelvis uberon FMA:9578 true pelvis FMA:9578 Subdivision of abdomen, which is demarcated from the abdomen proper by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture, and from the perineum by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm; together with the abdomen proper, it constitutes the abdomen[FMA]. Wikipedia:Pelvis FMA:9578 lesser pelvis perineum EHDAA2:0004015 EV:0100013 FMA:9579 GAID:90 MA:0002466 MESH:A.01.719 OpenCyc:Mx4rvcHSh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:243990009 Subdivision of trunk, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it constitutes the trunk[FMA]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002356 UBERON:FMA_9579-MA_0002466 galen:Perineum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Gray406.png/200px-Gray406.png ncithesaurus:Perineum perineal region regio perinealis uberon FMA:9579 Subdivision of trunk, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it constitutes the trunk[FMA]. Wikipedia:Perineum FMA:9579 FMA:TA regio perinealis serous pericardium FMA:9582 MA:0002739 SCTID:243954002 Serous membrane which has as its parts the epicardium and parietal serous pericardium that surrounds pericardial cavity. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002357 UBERON:FMA_9582-MA_0002739 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png pericardium serosum serous portion of pericardium uberon Serous membrane which has as its parts the epicardium and parietal serous pericardium that surrounds pericardial cavity. Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium pericardium serosum peritoneum A serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom — it covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs — in higher vertebrates and some invertebrates (annelids, for instance). It is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The peritoneum both supports the abdominal organs and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves[WP]. The smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal and is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera[BTO]. The endothelial lining of the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the ABDOMINAL WALL and the visceral peritoneum covers the bowel, the MESENTERY, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall[GAID]. AAO:0010814 BTO:0001472 EV:0100087 FMA:9584 GAID:18 MESH:A.01.047.025.600 OpenCyc:Mx4rvjJ72ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005120 TODO - in ZFA is_a epithelium UBERON:0002358 UBERON:FMA_9584-XAO_0000139-ZFA_0005120 VHOG:0001257 XAO:0000139 ZFA:0005120 galen:Peritoneum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1040.png/200px-Gray1040.png ncithesaurus:Peritoneum uberon A serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom — it covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs — in higher vertebrates and some invertebrates (annelids, for instance). It is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The peritoneum both supports the abdominal organs and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves[WP]. The smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal and is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera[BTO]. The endothelial lining of the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the ABDOMINAL WALL and the visceral peritoneum covers the bowel, the MESENTERY, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall[GAID]. Wikipedia:Peritoneum ZFIN:curator fibrous pericardium EMAPA:19029 FMA:9586 MA:0002738 Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA] SCTID:243953008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002359 UBERON:FMA_9586-MA_0002738 fibrous portion of pericardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png pericardium fibrosum uberon FMA:FMA Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA] Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium pericardium fibrosum meninx BTO:0000144 EFO:0000584 EFO:0000867 EV:0100312 Editor note: consider separate term for meninges aka collection of meninges. Note in EHDAA2 pia mater etc are part of the meninges. Also consider a new class for primary/primitive meninx. AO notes: Not consider part of the CNS/neuraxis in FMA. Taxon notes: Whereas cyclostomes and fishes only have a single envelope called the primitive meninx, amphibians have two layers, consisting of an outer dura mater which is extremely dense and protective, and a pia-arachnoid or secondary meninx which is more delicate and vascular. Mammals have three meninges: pia mater (which follows all the convolutions of the brain and is the most interior), the arachnoid layer (which is delicate and sends strands to the pia mater), and the dura mater (the outer, more protective meninx). FMA:9589 GAID:687 MA:0001113 MAT:0000113 MESH:A.08.186.566 Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090204 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDOl8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001355 UBERON:0002360 UBERON:FMA_9589-MA_0001113 VHOG:0001295 ZFA:0001355 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Illu_meninges.jpg/200px-Illu_meninges.jpg layer of meninges meningeal layer ncithesaurus:Meninges uberon FMA:9589 Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. Wikipedia:Meninx http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap15.html FMA pia mater BTO:0001635 EHDAA2:0004318 EHDAA:1367 EHDAA:1961 EHDAA:2001 EHDAA:2099 EHDAA:2685 EHDAA:2833 EHDAA:2867 EHDAA:3692 EHDAA:3710 EHDAA:6566 EHDAA:6583 EV:0100315 Editor note: consider adding adjacency relationship to neuraxis (brain+spinal cord); however note that at this time the meninges may be considered part of the nervous system FMA:9590 GAID:693 MA:0001116 MESH:A.08.186.566.731 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090209 OpenCyc:Mx4rvtesBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001464 SCTID:362305004 UBERON:0002361 UBERON:FMA_9590-MA_0001116 delicate innermost layer of the meninges—the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The thin, mesh-like pia mater closely envelops the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex. It joins with the ependyma which lines the ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid. In the spinal cord, the pia mater attaches to the dura mater by the denticular ligaments through the arachnoid membrane. The pia mater is a neural crest derivative. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray770.png/200px-Gray770.png ncithesaurus:Pia_Mater pia mater of neuraxis pial membrane uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090209 pial membrane Wikipedia:Pia_mater delicate innermost layer of the meninges—the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The thin, mesh-like pia mater closely envelops the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex. It joins with the ependyma which lines the ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid. In the spinal cord, the pia mater attaches to the dura mater by the denticular ligaments through the arachnoid membrane. The pia mater is a neural crest derivative. arachnoid mater BTO:0001636 EV:0100314 FMA:9591 GAID:688 MA:0001114 MESH:A.08.186.566.166 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090208 One of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space. OpenCyc:Mx4rve5HlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362304000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002362 UBERON:FMA_9591-MA_0001114 arachnoid arachnoid mater of neuraxis arachnoid membrane arachnoidea mater http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray767.png/200px-Gray767.png ncithesaurus:Arachnoid_Membrane uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090208 arachnoid membrane One of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space. Wikipedia:Arachnoid_mater BTO:0001636 arachnoidea mater dura mater BTO:0001637 EMAPA:17776 EV:0100313 FMA:9592 Function notes: capable of inducing chondrogenesis - requires contact with an epithelium - PMID:16496288. AO notes: in ncit this is divided into periosteal layer and meningeal layer GAID:691 MA:0001115 MESH:A.08.186.566.395 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090206 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvmzqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362301008 UBERON:0002363 UBERON:FMA_9592-MA_0001115 dura dura mater of neuraxis ncithesaurus:Dura_Mater pachymeninges the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid. uberon Wikipedia:Dura_mater the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid. definitional PMID:16496288 BTO:0001637 dura NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090206 pachymeninges tympanic membrane A thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear, consisting of two epithelia (one part of the the external accoustic meatus epithelium, the other part of the tympanic cavity epithelium) with a fibrous layer between them. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles. Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. [WP,unvetted]. EV:0100358 FMA:9595 GAID:870 MA:0000257 MESH:A.09.246.397.873 Rivinus' membrane SCTID:181180005 UBERON:0002364 UBERON:FMA_9595-MA_0000257 VHOG:0001146 XAO:0000212 ear drum eardrum lateral wall of tympanic cavity membranous wall of tympanic cavity most AOs consider this part of the middle ear, so we go with this and place it in the middle ear as a border to the external, although it could be considered to overlap the external ear in that it has an EAM layer as part - for this reason we do not consider middle and external ear to be spatially disjoint. Development notes: The tympanic membrane (TM) has three layers, two epithelia provided by the external acoustic meatus (EAM) and the MEC, derived respectively from the first pharyngeal cleft and pouch, and a mesenchymally derived fibrous stratum[PMID:11237469] myrinx ncithesaurus:Tympanic_Membrane paries membranaceus cavi tympani tympanum uberon FMA:9595 FMA:TA paries membranaceus cavi tympani A thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear, consisting of two epithelia (one part of the the external accoustic meatus epithelium, the other part of the tympanic cavity epithelium) with a fibrous layer between them. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles. Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. [WP,unvetted]. PMID:11237469 Wikipedia:Tympanic_membrane Wikipedia FMA MA cjm cjm Wikipedia:Tympanic_membrane tympanum exocrine gland A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 EHDAA2:0003097 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:A.10.336 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002365 UBERON:FMA_9596-MA_0002564 ducted gland exocrine gland glandula exocrina glandula exocrina ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland uberon A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland glandula exocrina bulbo-urethral gland BTO:0001698 Cowper's gland Cowper's glands EMAPA:19286 FMA:9599 GAID:387 Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the bulbar part of the urethra. Examples: There only two instances, right and left bulbo-urethral glands.[FMA] MA:0000401 MESH:A.05.360.444.123 SCTID:278918009 Structure notes: The bulbourethral glands are compound tubulo-alveolar glands. UBERON:0002366 UBERON:FMA_9599-MA_0000401 bulbourethral gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png uberon FMA:FMA Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the bulbar part of the urethra. Examples: There only two instances, right and left bulbo-urethral glands.[FMA] Wikipedia:Bulbourethral_gland prostate gland BTO:0001129 EFO:0000858 EMAPA:19287 EV:0100104 FMA:9600 GAID:392 MA:0000404 MAT:0000078 MESH:A.05.360.444.575 MIAA:0000078 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6trqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181422007 TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. UBERON:0002367 UBERON:FMA_9600-MA_0000404-MIAA_0000078 VHOG:0001261 galen:ProstateGland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Prostatelead.jpg/200px-Prostatelead.jpg male prostate ncithesaurus:Prostate_Gland prostata prostate uberon Wikipedia:Prostate prostata GO:0030850 The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. Wikipedia:Prostate PMID:10668204 male prostate endocrine gland AEO:0000098 BTO:0001488 EHDAA2:0003098 Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The main endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus is a neuroendocrine organ. Other organs which are not so well known for their endocrine activity include the stomach, which produces such hormones as ghrelin[WP]. FMA:9602 GAID:335 MA:0002563 MESH:A.06.407 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:40818001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002368 UBERON:FMA_9602-MA_0002563 ductless gland glandula endocrina glandulae endocrinae ncithesaurus:Endocrine_Gland uberon Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The main endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus is a neuroendocrine organ. Other organs which are not so well known for their endocrine activity include the stomach, which produces such hormones as ghrelin[WP]. Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland glandulae endocrinae adrenal gland AAO:0010551 BTO:0000047 EFO:0000238 EMAPA:18426 EV:0100135 Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]. FMA:9604 GAID:446 MA:0000116 MAT:0000071 MESH:A.06.407.071 MIAA:0000071 OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYiz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181127006 Taxon notes: The origin of the adrenal gland is still controversial. It is thought to share the same origin as the kidney and gonads, derived from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge and/or the underlying mesenchyme (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997). We follow Kardong and state homology at the level of the cortex and medulla rather than gland as a whole UBERON:0002369 UBERON:FMA_9604-MA_0000116-MIAA_0000071-XAO_0000164 VHOG:0001141 XAO:0000164 adrenal adrenal capsule adrenal medulla cell atrabiliary capsule epinephros galen:AdrenalGland glandula suprarenalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Illu_endocrine_system.jpg/200px-Illu_endocrine_system.jpg interrenal gland ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Gland suprarenal capsule suprarenal gland uberon BTO:0000047 Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]. Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland UBERONREF:0000002 BTO:0000047 suprarenal capsule BTO:0000047 glandula suprarenalis Wikipedia BTO:0000047 adrenal BTO:0000047 adrenal capsule Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland glandula suprarenalis GO:0030325 interrenal gland BTO:0000047 epinephros BTO:0000047 atrabiliary capsule thymus AAO:0010548 Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. BTO:0001374 EFO:0000860 EHDAA2:0002017 EHDAA:9119 EMAPA:18768 EV:0100138 FMA:9607 GAID:464 MA:0000142 MAT:0000080 MESH:A.06.407.850 MIAA:0000080 OpenCyc:Mx4rvpIympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:118507000 TAO:0001078 UBERON:0002370 UBERON:FMA_9607-MA_0000142-MIAA_0000080-XAO_0000163-ZFA_0001078 VHOG:0000253 XAO:0000163 ZFA:0001078 check - a subtype of gland? not in GO. NCIT has thymus and thymus gland. EHDAA2 has ductless gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Illu_thymus.jpg/200px-Illu_thymus.jpg ncithesaurus:Thymus_Gland thymus gland uberon FMA XAO Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. NLM:thymus Wikipedia:Thymus EHDAA2 ZFA XAO bone marrow AAO:0011007 BTO:0000141 BTO:0000829 EFO:0000868 EV:0100046 FMA:9608 GAID:1287 MA:0000134 MAT:0000084 MESH:A.15.382.216 MIAA:0000084 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:421320006 TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs UBERON:0002371 UBERON:FMA_9608-MA_0000134-MIAA_0000084-XAO_0000123-ZFA_0000669 VHOG:0001218 XAO:0000123 anterior kidney flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[WP]. galen:BoneMarrow head kidney kidney marrow medulla of bone medulla ossea medulla ossium ncithesaurus:Bone_Marrow uberon Wikipedia:Bone_marrow medulla ossium BTO:0000141 medulla of bone Wikipedia:Bone_marrow flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[WP]. BTO:0000141 medulla ossium tonsil BTO:0001387 EFO:0001401 EV:0100052 FMA:9609 GAID:341 MA:0000143 MESH:A.03.867.603.925 Mandel Most commonly, the term "tonsils" refers to the palatine tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. UBERON:0002372 UBERON:FMA_9609-MA_0000143 VHOG:0001139 ncithesaurus:Tonsil ncithesaurus:Tonsilar_Tissue ncithesaurus:Tonsillar_Lymphoid_Tissue uberon Portion of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. Wikipedia:Tonsil BTO:0001387 Mandel palatine tonsil BTO:0004714 Development notes: tonsillar fossa develops from dorsal portion of pouch 2. Note that pharyngeal and lingual tonsils do not develop from pharyngeal pouches[ISBN10:1607950324] EFO:0001977 EV:0100393 FMA:9610 MA:0000775 MAT:0000291 MIAA:0000291 SCTID:265787001 UBERON:0002373 UBERON:FMA_9610-MA_0000775-MIAA_0000291 VHOG:0001140 faucial tonsil http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Illu_mouth.jpg/200px-Illu_mouth.jpg ncithesaurus:Palatine_Tonsil tonsil tonsilla palatina tonsils on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites[WP]. uberon Wikipedia Wikipedia:Palatine_tonsil tonsilla palatina ISBN10:1607950324 Wikipedia:Palatine_tonsil tonsils on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites[WP]. metacarpal bone EFO:0003886 FMA:9612 MA:0000302 OpenCyc:Mx4rv1Bk45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181977005 The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002374 UBERON:FMA_9612-MA_0000302 galen:Metacarpal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg/200px-Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg.png metacarpal ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone uberon The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metacarpal_bone cricoid cartilage AAO:0000675 EHDAA2:0000326 EHDAA:9393 EMAPA:18696 FMA:9615 GAID:110 MA:0001762 MESH:A.02.165.507.211 SCTID:263484006 The cricoid cartilage, or simply cricoid (from the Greek krikoeides meaning 'ring-shaped'), is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002375 UBERON:FMA_9615-MA_0001762 VHOG:0001308 cartilaginis cricoideae cartilago cricoidea cartilago cricotrachealis cricoid cricoidea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gray1194.png/200px-Gray1194.png innominate cartilage krykoid cartilage ncithesaurus:Cricoid_Cartilage uberon Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage cricoidea Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage krykoid cartilage AAO:0000675 cartilago cricotrachealis cartilago cricoidea EHDAA2 Wikipedia Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage cartilago cricoidea VHOG:0001308 innominate cartilage Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage cricoid The cricoid cartilage, or simply cricoid (from the Greek krikoeides meaning 'ring-shaped'), is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage cartilaginis cricoideae MA AAO:0000675 cartilago cricoidea muscle of head AAO:0000107 BTO:0000021 EFO:0003524 EHDAA2:0000322 EMAPA:18171 FMA:9616 MA:0000578 Muscle organ which is a part of the head. Examples: masseter, orbicularis oculi.[FMA] TAO:0000328 TODO - check ZFA UBERON:0002376 UBERON:FMA_9616-MA_0000578-ZFA_0000328 ZFA:0000328 ZFA:0001652 adult head muscle organ cephalic muscle cephalic musculature cranial muscle head muscle head muscle organ head muscles muscle organ of adult head muscle organ of head musculus caput uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of head OBOL:automatic head muscle organ FMA:9616 Muscle organ which is a part of the head. Examples: masseter, orbicularis oculi.[FMA] ZFA:0001652 cephalic muscle ZFA:0001652 cranial muscle OBOL:automatic adult head muscle organ EHDAA2-abduced UBERONREF:0000002 OBOL:automatic muscle organ of adult head muscle of neck FMA:9617 GAID:149 MA:0000587 MESH:A.02.633.567.650 Muscle organ which is a part of the neck. Examples: platysma, sternocleidomastoid, cricothyroid muscle.[FMA] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002377 UBERON:FMA_9617-MA_0000587 muscle organ of neck muscle organ of neck (volume) ncithesaurus:Neck_Muscle neck (volume) muscle organ neck muscle neck muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of neck OBOL:automatic neck muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) muscle organ FMA:9617 Muscle organ which is a part of the neck. Examples: platysma, sternocleidomastoid, cricothyroid muscle.[FMA] muscle of abdomen BTO:0001261 FMA:9620 GAID:89 MA:0000520 MESH:A.02.633.567.050 Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. OpenCyc:Mx4rvlygNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361352008 UBERON:0002378 UBERON:FMA_9620-MA_0000520 abdomen muscle abdomen muscle organ abdominal muscle abdominal wall muscle muscle organ of abdomen ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Muscle uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of abdomen Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. Wikipedia:Abdominal_muscle OBOL:automatic abdomen muscle organ perineal muscle A muscle organ that is part of a perineum [Obol]. EMAPA:18923 FMA:9623 MA:0000538 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002379 UBERON:FMA_9623-MA_0000538 muscle of perineum muscle organ of perineal region muscle organ of perineum ncithesaurus:Perineal_Muscle perineal region muscle organ perineum muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic perineum muscle organ A muscle organ that is part of a perineum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic perineal region muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of perineum OBOL:automatic muscle organ of perineal region trapezius EMAPA:18183 FMA:9626 In human anatomy, the trapezius is a large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002398 SCTID:181740005 UBERON:0002380 UBERON:FMA_9626-MA_0002398 VHOG:0000834 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trapezius.png/200px-Trapezius.png musculus trapezius ncithesaurus:Trapezius_Muscle trapezius muscle uberon dbpedia posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle musculus trapezius In human anatomy, the trapezius is a large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle dbpedia external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 dbpedia dbpedia external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 dbpedia dbpedia posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula pectoralis major EHDAA2:0001424 EHDAA:8311 EMAPA:18179 FMA:9627 MA:0002354 Musculus pectoralis major SCTID:60005003 The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the upper front of the chest wall. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles in the male and lies under the breast in the female. Underneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002381 UBERON:FMA_9627-MA_0002354 VHOG:0000895 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png/200px-Pectoralis_major.png ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Major pectoralis major muscle pectoralis major muscle structure uberon Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus dbpedia dbpedia lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerveClavicular head: C5 and C6Sternocostal head: C7 C8 and T1 SCTID:60005003 pectoralis major muscle structure FMA Musculus pectoralis major Wikipedia:Pectoralis_major_muscle The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the upper front of the chest wall. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles in the male and lies under the breast in the female. Underneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pectoralis_major_muscle rectus abdominis EHDAA2:0001595 EHDAA:8252 EMAPA:18164 FMA:9628 GAID:142 MA:0002364 MESH:A.02.633.567.050.800 The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals). There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5–7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. While the 'sixpack' is by far the most common configuration of the muscle bellies of the rectus, there exist rare anatomic variations which result in the appearance of eight ('eightpack'), ten, or—even rarer—asymmetrically arranged segments. All these variations are functionally equivalent. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002382 UBERON:FMA_9628-MA_0002364 VHOG:0000863 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rectus_abdominis.png/200px-Rectus_abdominis.png ncithesaurus:Rectus_Abdominis uberon The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals). There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5–7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. While the 'sixpack' is by far the most common configuration of the muscle bellies of the rectus, there exist rare anatomic variations which result in the appearance of eight ('eightpack'), ten, or—even rarer—asymmetrically arranged segments. All these variations are functionally equivalent. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Rectus_abdominis supraspinatus EHDAA2:0001967 EHDAA:8319 EMAPA:18182 FMA:9629 MA:0002389 SCTID:181626001 The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002383 UBERON:FMA_9629-MA_0002389 VHOG:0000848 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png ncithesaurus:Supraspinatus uberon The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Supraspinatus connective tissue AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 Bindegewebe EFO:0000952 EV:0100150 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:A.02.340 MIAA:0000301 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361919005 TAO:0001641 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibres and ground substance. UBERON:0002384 UBERON:FMA_9640-FMA_9721-MA_0000011-MA_0000115-MIAA_0000301-XAO_0000173-XAO_0001017 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 fascia galen:ConnectiveTissue ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus uberon FMA:9640 portion of connective tissue BTO:0000421 Bindegewebe Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibres and ground substance. VSAO:0000017 muscle tissue AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 EHDAA2:0003122 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:A.02.633 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. SCTID:91727004 UBERON:0002385 UBERON:FMA_9641-MA_0002437 Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. galen:MuscleTissue muscle tissue ncithesaurus:Muscle_Tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis uberon FMA:9641 portion of muscle tissue GO:0060537 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2801266&group_id=36855&atid=440764 muscle tissue forelimb zeugopod BTO:0001447 EFO:0003053 EHDAA2:0000553 EHDAA:4172 EHDAA:6218 EMAPA:17417 FMA:9663 GAID:55 MA:0000034 MESH:A.01.378.800.585 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjnmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362741001 UBERON:0002386 UBERON:FMA_9663-MA_0000034 VHOG:0000341 VSAO:0005058 antebrachial region antebrachium antebrachium arm middle limb segment arm zeugopod brachial region middle limb segment brachial region zeugopod distal region of the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. fore epipodium forearm forelimb epipodium forelimb zeugopodium galen:Forearm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Forearm_labeled.png/200px-Forearm_labeled.png intermediate segment of free upper limb lower arm lower segment of arm middle limb segment of arm middle limb segment of brachial region middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb ncithesaurus:Forearm proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod regio antebrachialis uberon zeugopod of arm zeugopod of brachial region zeugopod of forelimb zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb MA Wikipedia:Forearm antebrachium OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod Wikipedia:Forearm antebrachium FMA:9663 FMA:TA regio antebrachialis Wikipedia:Forearm distal region of the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. VSAO:0005058 antebrachium OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment foot BTO:0000476 EFO:0003065 EHDAA2:0000546 EMAPA:17459 Editors note: consider renaming using less human-centric terminology FMA:9664 GAID:40 MA:0000044 MESH:A.01.378.610.250 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi-k5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302545001 UBERON:0002387 UBERON:FMA_9664-MA_0000044 VHOG:0000350 autopod of hind limb autopod of hindlimb autopod of inferior member autopod of lower extremity distal free limb segment of hind limb distal free limb segment of hindlimb distal free limb segment of inferior member distal free limb segment of lower extremity distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits. galen:Foot hind limb autopod hind limb distal free limb segment hind paw hind-paw hindlimb autopod hindlimb autopodium hindlimb distal free limb segment http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Male_Right_Foot_1.jpg/200px-Male_Right_Foot_1.jpg inferior member autopod inferior member distal free limb segment lower extremity autopod lower extremity distal free limb segment ncithesaurus:Foot pes pes terminal segment of free lower limb uberon OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member UBERON:cjm pes EMAPA:17428 hind-paw OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb EMAPA:17428 OBOL:automatic hind paw OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopodium OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod Wikipedia:Foot Wikipedia:Pes_(anatomy) distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits. Wikipedia:Foot pes hand digit AAO:0000857 BTO:0004669 EHDAA2:0000404 FMA:9666 GAID:57 MA:0000041 MESH:A.01.378.800.667.430 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090602 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi_f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:283992002 Subdivision of the hand demarcated from the hand proper by the skin crease in line with the distal edge of finger webs. Examples: thumb, right middle finger, left little finger [FMA]. A digit found on the hands of humans and other primates used for manipulation and sensation [Wikipedia]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0000028 UBERON:0002389 UBERON:FMA_9666-MA_0000041 XAO:0003036 digit of hand digitus manus finger fore digit forelimb digit galen:Finger ncithesaurus:Finger uberon Subdivision of the hand demarcated from the hand proper by the skin crease in line with the distal edge of finger webs. Examples: thumb, right middle finger, left little finger [FMA]. A digit found on the hands of humans and other primates used for manipulation and sensation [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Finger FMA:9666 finger AAO:0000857 XAO:0003036 fore digit hematopoietic system AAO:0011002 BTO:0000570 Blutbildungssystem EFO:0000798 EV:0100045 FMA:9667 GAID:1008 MA:0002434 MAT:0000022 MESH:A.15.378 MIAA:0000022 SCTID:362587009 TAO:0005023 The tissues concerned in production of the blood, including the bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus[BTO]. Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues. The bodily system of organs and tissues, primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes, involved in the production of blood[FD]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002390 UBERON:FMA_9667-MA_0002434-MIAA_0000022-XAO_0000122-ZFA_0005023 VHOG:0001624 XAO:0000122 ZFA:0005023 haematological system haematopoietic system haemopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hemopoietic system ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_System organa haemopoietica uberon BTO:0000570 OMD:haematological The tissues concerned in production of the blood, including the bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus[BTO]. Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues. The bodily system of organs and tissues, primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes, involved in the production of blood[FD]. Wikipedia:Hematopoietic_system http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hematopoietic+system definitional BTO:0000570 Blutbildungssystem lymph BTO:0000855 EFO:0000871 ENVO:02000041 EV:0100049 FMA:9671 GAID:1186 MA:0002520 MAT:0000055 MESH:A.12.207.630 MIAA:0000055 OpenCyc:Mx4rvpDOU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Transudate contained in the lumen of lymphatic vessel[FMA]. Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system[WP]. UBERON:0002391 UBERON:FMA_9671-MA_0002520-MIAA_0000055 galen:Lymph lympha ncithesaurus:Lymph uberon Wikipedia:Lymph lympha FMA:9671 Transudate contained in the lumen of lymphatic vessel[FMA]. Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymph nasolacrimal duct AAO:0000643 EHDAA2:0001237 EHDAA:7849 EHDAA:9094 EMAPA:17853 FMA:9703 GAID:902 MA:0001299 MESH:A.09.371.463.640 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6PJy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280643009 The nasolacrimal duct (sometimes called tear duct) carries tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity. Excess tears flow through nasolacrimal duct which opens in the nose. This is the reason the nose starts to run when a person is crying or has watery eyes from an allergy, and why one can sometimes taste eye drops. Like the lacrimal sac, the duct is lined by stratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora. A congenital obstruction can cause cystic expansion of the duct and is called a dacrocystocele or Timo cyst. Persons with dry eye conditions can be fitted with punctal plugs that seal the ducts to limit the amount of fluid drainage and retain moisture. The canal containing the nasolacrimal duct is called the nasolacrimal canal. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002392 UBERON:FMA_9703-MA_0001299 d. nasolacrimalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray896.png/200px-Gray896.png ncithesaurus:Nasolacrimal_Duct todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal uberon The nasolacrimal duct (sometimes called tear duct) carries tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity. Excess tears flow through nasolacrimal duct which opens in the nose. This is the reason the nose starts to run when a person is crying or has watery eyes from an allergy, and why one can sometimes taste eye drops. Like the lacrimal sac, the duct is lined by stratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora. A congenital obstruction can cause cystic expansion of the duct and is called a dacrocystocele or Timo cyst. Persons with dry eye conditions can be fitted with punctal plugs that seal the ducts to limit the amount of fluid drainage and retain moisture. The canal containing the nasolacrimal duct is called the nasolacrimal canal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nasolacrimal_duct Wikipedia:Nasolacrimal_duct d. nasolacrimalis FMA pharyngotympanic tube AAO:0000146 EMAPA:17601 EV:0100359 Editor notes: we follow FMA in making this an organ, but include a separate class for the part that is epithelium, which is equivalent to the EHDAA2 structure. From this we infer the developmental relationship FMA:9705 GAID:869 MA:0000255 Organ with organ cavity which connects the cavity of the middle ear to the cavity of the pharynx. Examples: There are only two pharyngotympanic tubes, the right and the left pharyngotympanic tubes.[FMA] UBERON:0002393 UBERON:FMA_9705-MA_0000255-XAO_0000213 VHOG:0001145 XAO:0000213 auditory tube eustachian tube internal auditory tube ncithesaurus:Eustachian_Tube tuba auditiva tuba auditiva; tuba auditoria; tuba auditivea tuba auditoria uberon UBERON:0010062 Wikipedia:Eustachian_tube tuba auditiva; tuba auditoria; tuba auditivea FMA:9705 FMA:TA tuba auditoria FMA:9705 FMA:TA tuba auditiva FMA:FMA Organ with organ cavity which connects the cavity of the middle ear to the cavity of the pharynx. Examples: There are only two pharyngotympanic tubes, the right and the left pharyngotympanic tubes.[FMA] Wikipedia:Eustachian_tube bile duct AAO:0011019 BTO:0000122 Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine. EHDAA2:0000741 EV:0100091 FMA:9706 GAID:280 MA:0000354 MESH:A.03.159.183 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCds5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:276157007 The path is as follows: Bile canaliculi → Canals of Hering → interlobular bile ducts → intrahepatic bile ducts → left and right hepatic ducts merge to form → common hepatic duct exits liver and joins → cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming → common bile duct → joins with pancreatic duct → forming ampulla of Vater → enters duodenum [WP] UBERON:0002394 UBERON:FMA_9706-MA_0000354-XAO_0000134 VHOG:0000212 XAO:0000134 gall duct hepatic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct uberon MA XAO BTO:0000122 gall duct Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine. Wikipedia:Bile_duct ZFA:0001100 talus BTO:0002354 EMAPA:18503 EMAPA:19135 FMA:9708 GAID:196 MA:0001351 MESH:A.02.835.232.300.710.780 Os trigonum, Astralagus SCTID:182098005 Taxon notes: The talus is apparently derived from the fusion of three separate bones in the feet of primitive amphibians; the tibiale, articulating with tibia, the intermedium, between the bases of the tibia and fibula, and the fourth centrale, lying in the mid-part of the tarsus. These bones are still partially separate in modern amphibians, which therefore do not have a true talus. The talus forms a considerably more flexible joint in mammals than it does in reptiles. This reaches its greatest extent in artiodactyls, where the distal surface of the bone has a smooth keel to allow greater freedom of movement of the foot, and thus increase running speed[WP] The talus bone or astragalus is a bone in the tarsus of the foot that forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the lateral and medial malleoli of the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula. Within the tarsus, it articulates with the calcaneus below and navicular in front. Through these articulations, it transmits the entire weight of the body to the foot. The second largest of the tarsal bones, it is also one of the bones in the human body with the highest percentage of its surface area covered by articular cartilage. Additionally, it is also unique in that it has a retrograde blood supply, i.e. arterial blood enters the bone at the distal end. UBERON:0002395 UBERON:FMA_9708-MA_0001351 astragaloid bone astragalus astragalus bone galen:Talus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG/250px-Subtalar_Joint.PNG ncithesaurus:Talus os tarsi tibiale os trigonum uberon MA:000135 Wikipedia:Talus_bone astragalus The talus bone or astragalus is a bone in the tarsus of the foot that forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the lateral and medial malleoli of the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula. Within the tarsus, it articulates with the calcaneus below and navicular in front. Through these articulations, it transmits the entire weight of the body to the foot. The second largest of the tarsal bones, it is also one of the bones in the human body with the highest percentage of its surface area covered by articular cartilage. Additionally, it is also unique in that it has a retrograde blood supply, i.e. arterial blood enters the bone at the distal end. Wikipedia:Talus_bone Wikipedia:Talus_bone os trigonum BTO:0002354 astragaloid bone BTO:0002354 os tarsi tibiale Os trigonum, Astralagus Wikipedia:Talus_bone Wikipedia:Talus_bone astragalus bone vomer AAO:0000633 FMA:9710 MA:0001496 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6jKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:272678009 TAO:0000308 The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002396 UBERON:FMA_9710-MA_0001496 ZFA:0000308 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg ncithesaurus:Vomer uberon vomer bone The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vomer FMA maxilla . AAO:0000285 EHDAA2:0001068 EHDAA:8043 EMAPA:17639 EMAPA:17928 FMA:9711 GAID:220 MA:0001491 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.645 SCTID:181813003 TAO:0000270 UBERON:0002397 UBERON:FMA_9711-MA_0001491-ZFA_0000270 VHOG:0001021 VSAO:0000207 ZFA:0000270 galen:Maxilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray189.png/200px-Gray189.png maxillae ncithesaurus:Maxilla uberon upper jaw bone Wikipedia . Wikipedia:Maxilla VSAO FMA hand AAO:0010803 BTO:0004668 EHDAA2:0000728 EMAPA:17428 FMA:9712 GAID:56 MA:0000037 MESH:A.01.378.800.667 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090603 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViGVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302539009 UBERON:0002398 UBERON:FMA_9712-MA_0000037 Usage notes: like all limb segments, this class encompasses both the unformed hand region of the embryo to the fully formed structure complete with skeleton VHOG:0000344 arm autopod arm distal free limb segment autopod of arm autopod of brachial region autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb brachial region autopod brachial region distal free limb segment distal free limb segment of arm distal free limb segment of brachial region distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits. fore paw fore-paw forelimb autopod forelimb autopodium galen:Hand hand region manus ncithesaurus:Hand proximal segment of free upper limb autopod proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment terminal segment of free upper limb uberon Wikipedia:Hand Wikipedia:Manus_(anatomy) distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits. EHDAA2:0000728 hand region OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment Wikipedia:Hand manus OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic autopod of arm OBOL:automatic forelimb autopodium OBOL:automatic arm autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod UBERON:cjm manus OBOL:automatic forelimb autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment EMAPA:17428 fore-paw OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod EMAPA:17428 OBOL:automatic fore paw OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region lesser omentum EHDAA2:0000991 EHDAA:4858 EMAPA:17890 EMAPA:18909 EV:0100086 FMA:9715 MA:0001623 SCTID:362712005 The lesser omentum (small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum) is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002399 UBERON:FMA_9715-MA_0001623 VHOG:0000357 editor note: exact part of and develops from relationships need to be established http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray984.png/200px-Gray984.png ncithesaurus:Lesser_Omentum omentum minus uberon FMA MA The lesser omentum (small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum) is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lesser_omentum Wikipedia Wikipedia:Lesser_omentum omentum minus parietal pleura FMA:9733 MA:0002488 OpenCyc:Mx4rvv2Uq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral pleura and is attached to the dome of the diaphragm.[FMA] SCTID:361998003 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002400 UBERON:FMA_9733-MA_0002488 VHOG:0001495 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pleura pleura parietalis uberon Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura pleura parietalis FMA:FMA Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral pleura and is attached to the dome of the diaphragm.[FMA] Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura visceral pleura FMA:9734 MA:0002489 OpenCyc:Mx4rwNFqppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361997008 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002401 UBERON:FMA_9734-MA_0002489 Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal pleura and is attached to the parenchyma of lobe of lung.[FMA] http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png ncithesaurus:Visceral_Pleura pleura pulmonalis pleura visceralis (pulmonalis) pleura visceralis, pleura pulmonalis pulmonary pleura uberon FMA:FMA Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal pleura and is attached to the parenchyma of lobe of lung.[FMA] Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura pleura visceralis, pleura pulmonalis FMA:9734 FMA:TA pleura pulmonalis pleural cavity BTO:0004422 Cavity of serous sac surropunded by the pleura.[FMA] EHDAA2:0001475 EMAPA:18462 FMA:9740 GAID:95 MA:0000055 MESH:A.01.911.800.650 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCKAppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361999006 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002402 UBERON:FMA_9740-MA_0000055 VHOG:0000581 cavitas pleurallis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gray965.png/200px-Gray965.png ncithesaurus:Pleural_Cavity uberon Wikipedia Cavity of serous sac surropunded by the pleura.[FMA] FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity cavitas pleurallis FMA internal intercostal muscle EHDAA2:0000875 FMA:9757 Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002326 OpenCyc:Mx4rvlj6HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244890001 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002403 UBERON:FMA_9757-MA_0002326 VHOG:0000905 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png intercostal muscle internal layer intercostales internus ncithesaurus:Internal_Intercostal_Muscle uberon EHDAA2 Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intercostal_muscle transversus thoracis EMAPA:19267 FMA:9760 MA:0002397 SCTID:244933000 The tranversus thoracis lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles. It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs. Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. The lowest fibers of this muscle are horizontal in their direction, and are continuous with those of the Transversus abdominis; the intermediate fibers are oblique, while the highest are almost vertical. This muscle varies in its attachments, not only in different subjects, but on opposite sides of the same subject. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002404 UBERON:FMA_9760-MA_0002397 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Transversus_thoracis.png/200px-Transversus_thoracis.png ncithesaurus:Transversus_Thoracis uberon The tranversus thoracis lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles. It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs. Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. The lowest fibers of this muscle are horizontal in their direction, and are continuous with those of the Transversus abdominis; the intermediate fibers are oblique, while the highest are almost vertical. This muscle varies in its attachments, not only in different subjects, but on opposite sides of the same subject. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Transversus_thoracis immune system AAO:0011003 Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. BILA:0000104 FMA:9825 GAID:328 MA:0002711 MESH:A.15.382 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNkm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362590003 TAO:0001159 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002405 UBERON:FMA_9825-MA_0002711-XAO_0003152-ZFA_0001159 VHOG:0001247 XAO:0003152 ZFA:0001159 ncithesaurus:Immune_System uberon Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. NLM:immune+system Wikipedia:Immune_system pericardial sac FMA:9868 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 SCTID:361326002 Serous sac, which has as parts the serous pericardium and the pericardial cavity [FMA]. TAO:0000054 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002406 UBERON:FMA_9868-ZFA_0000054 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png pericardium uberon FMA:9868 Serous sac, which has as parts the serous pericardium and the pericardial cavity [FMA]. Wikipedia:Pericardial_sac pericardium AAO:0010817 BTO:0000717 EFO:0000820 EHDAA:5376 EMAPA:17174 EV:0100023 FMA:9869 GAID:569 MA:0000099 MAT:0000454 MESH:A.07.541.795 OpenCyc:Mx4rvoCLgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 SCTID:181295003 TAO:0000054 The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.[AAO] This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002407 UBERON:FMA_9869-MA_0000099 VHOG:0001280 XAO:0004182 ZFA:0000054 galen:Pericardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png ncithesaurus:Pericardium uberon GO AAO:0010817 The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.[AAO] Wikipedia:Pericardium XAO parietal serous pericardium EHDAA:3422 EHDAA:5378 EMAPA:17175 EMAPA:19031 FMA:9870 MA:0000483 Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral serous pericardium and is attached to the central tendon of diaphragm.[FMA] SCTID:243956000 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002408 UBERON:FMA_9870-MA_0000483 VHOG:0000537 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png lamina parietalis (pericardii serosum) lamina parietalis pericardii ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pericardium parietal layer of serous pericardium parietal pericardium uberon FMA:FMA Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral serous pericardium and is attached to the central tendon of diaphragm.[FMA] Wikipedia:Parietal_pericardium FMA:9870 FMA:TA lamina parietalis pericardii pericardial fluid BTO:0001016 FMA:9887 MA:0002530 Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA] UBERON:0002409 UBERON:FMA_9887-MA_0002530 uberon FMA:9887 Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA] Wikipedia:Pericardial_fluid autonomic nervous system AAO:0000033 ANS BTO:0002507 EHDA:10095 EHDAA:3767 EMAPA:16984 FMA:9905 GAID:706 MA:0000219 MESH:A.08.800.050 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1123 SCTID:362481007 TAO:0001574 The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002410 UBERON:FMA_9905-MA_0000219-ZFA_0001574 VHOG:0000396 ZFA:0001574 divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Nervous_System uberon visceral nervous system The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici clitoris BTO:0002020 EHDAA2:0000255 EHDAA:9360 EMAPA:30819 FMA:9909 GAID:385 MA:0000382 MESH:A.05.360.319.887.436 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjr6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181442003 The clitoris is a sexual organ that is present only in female mammals. In humans, the visible button-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the urethra and vagina. Unlike the penis, which is homologous to the clitoris, the clitoris does not contain the distal portion of the urethra. The only known exception to this is in the Spotted Hyena. In this species, the urogenital system is unique in that the female urinates, mates and gives birth via an enlarged, erectile clitoris, known as a pseudo-penis. In humans, the clitoris is the most sensitive erogenous zone of a woman, the stimulation of which may produce sexual excitement and clitoral erection; its continuing stimulation may produce sexual pleasure in the woman and orgasm. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002411 UBERON:FMA_9909-MA_0000382 VHOG:0000700 galen:Clitoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Clitoris_anatomy_labeled-en.svg/200px-Clitoris_anatomy_labeled-en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Clitoris uberon Wikipedia EHDAA2 Wikipedia MA The clitoris is a sexual organ that is present only in female mammals. In humans, the visible button-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the urethra and vagina. Unlike the penis, which is homologous to the clitoris, the clitoris does not contain the distal portion of the urethra. The only known exception to this is in the Spotted Hyena. In this species, the urogenital system is unique in that the female urinates, mates and gives birth via an enlarged, erectile clitoris, known as a pseudo-penis. In humans, the clitoris is the most sensitive erogenous zone of a woman, the stimulation of which may produce sexual excitement and clitoral erection; its continuing stimulation may produce sexual pleasure in the woman and orgasm. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Clitoris vertebra AAO:0000691 EFO:0001371 Editor notes: Consider changing name to make distinction from inferred superclass 'vertebral element' clear FMA:9914 Irregular bone that articulates with other vertebrae, or with one other vertebra and the skull or the sacrum[FMA]. All serially repeated ossified, cartilaginous, and ligamentous elements around the notochord (Schultze and Arratia, 1988)[ZFA]. MA:0000309 OpenCyc:Mx4rvt2Dh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181817002 TAO:0001189 UBERON:0002412 UBERON:FMA_9914-MA_0000309-ZFA_0001189 VHOG:0001143 XAO:0004019 ZFA:0001189 galen:Vertebra ncithesaurus:Vertebra uberon vertebra bone FMA:9914 Irregular bone that articulates with other vertebrae, or with one other vertebra and the skull or the sacrum[FMA]. All serially repeated ossified, cartilaginous, and ligamentous elements around the notochord (Schultze and Arratia, 1988)[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Vertebra ZFIN:curator FMA cervical vertebra A vertebra immediately inferior to the skull[WP]. EMAPA:17674 FMA:9915 GAID:235 In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. n humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery. MA:0000311 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151 SCTID:181820005 UBERON:0002413 UBERON:FMA_9915-MA_0000311-XAO_0003076 XAO:0003076 cervical vertebrae galen:CervicalVertebra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Illu_vertebral_column.jpg/200px-Illu_vertebral_column.jpg ncithesaurus:Cervical_Vertebra uberon vertebrae cervicales cervical vertebrae A vertebra immediately inferior to the skull[WP]. Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae vertebrae cervicales lumbar vertebra EMAPA:18007 FMA:9921 GAID:240 Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. MA:0000312 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.519 OpenCyc:Mx4rvaOek5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181822002 UBERON:0002414 UBERON:FMA_9921-MA_0000312 Whereas all rats had six lumbar vertebrae, variable patterns in mice included mostly five vertebrae in DBA/2J, mostly six vertebrae in C57BL/6J, and a mix in B6129PF2/J - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/ galen:LumbarVertebra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gray93.png/200px-Gray93.png ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Vertebra uberon Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebra tail AEO:0000109 BILA:0000117 BTO:0001348 EFO:0000963 EHDAA:9198 Editor notes: Note we also have a subclass post-anal tail, for the chordate specific structure. currently defined very generally, inclusive of caudal fin GAID:1245 MAT:0000094 MESH:A.13.895 MIAA:0000094 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002415 UBERON:MA_0000008-MIAA_0000094-WBbt_0005741-XAO_0003026-ZFA_0001117 WBbt:0005741 caudal subdivision section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso[WP]. uberon ISBN:0471209627 OMD:tail Wikipedia:Tail ZFIN:curator section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso[WP]. UBERON:cjm caudal subdivision integumental system EFO:0000807 EHDAA2:0000836 EHDAA:6520 EMAPA:17524 EV:0100151 FBbt:00004969 FMA:72979 HAO:0000421 MA:0000014 MAT:0000033 MESH:A.17 SCTID:361692004 TADS:0000108 UBERON:0002416 UBERON:MA_0000014-FMA_72979 VHOG:0000403 XAO:0000176 in FMA, integumentary system = integument + certain glands. Note that here we use integumental system in a general sense, covering a variety of metazoans integumentary system integumentum commune ncithesaurus:Integumentary_System organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its adnexa (including hair, scales, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature and is the location of receptors for pain, sensation, pressure and temperature. In humans the integumentary system additionally provides vitamin D synthesis[WP]. uberon FMA:72979 integumentary system Wikipedia:Integumentary_system organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its adnexa (including hair, scales, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature and is the location of receptors for pain, sensation, pressure and temperature. In humans the integumentary system additionally provides vitamin D synthesis[WP]. Wikipedia:Integumentary_system integumentum commune abdominal segment of trunk FMA:259211 MA:0000021 UBERON:0002417 UBERON:MA_0000021-FMA_259211 abdomen/pelvis/perineum lower body lumbar region the abdominal segment of the torso. uberon UBERON:cjm lumbar region MA:0000021 lower body FMA Wikipedia:Lumbar the abdominal segment of the torso. MA:0000021 abdomen/pelvis/perineum cartilage tissue AAO:0000060 AEO:0000087 BTO:0000206 EFO:0000949 EHDAA2:0003087 EV:0100141 FMA:37377 GAID:99 MA:0000104 MAT:0000189 MESH:A.02.165 MIAA:0000189 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] SCTID:309312004 Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts[VSAO]. TAO:0001501 UBERON:0002418 UBERON:MA_0000104-MIAA_0000189-XAO_0000170 VHOG:0001207 VSAO:0000040 XAO:0000170 ZFA:0001501 ZFA:0005622 cartilage tissue cartilaginous tissue galen:Cartilage ncithesaurus:Cartilage uberon FMA:37377 cartilage tissue Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts[VSAO]. VSAO:0000040 Wikipedia:Cartilage http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=2257941&aid=3396584&group_id=76834 skin gland A gland that is part of a skin of body [Obol]. FMA:71878 MA:0000146 UBERON:0002419 UBERON:MA_0000146-FMA_71878 check FMA, use plural for now as general class not there glandulae cutis skin glands skin glands set uberon skin glands set skin glands A gland that is part of a skin of body [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71878 FMA:TA glandulae cutis basal ganglion BTO:0000235 EFO:0000904 Editor note: it is necessary to introduce two classes, one representing an individual basal ganglion, another representing the aggregate structure, in order to have consistent classification amongst AOs (e.g. in MA the aygdala is part of the BG, in FMA and BTO it is a subclass). Apart from achieving this consistency, the value of having two distinct classes is questionable, since the BG-plural is trivially the set of all BGs-singular. it would be better for all AOs to decide on one single way of doing this. Do not merge until this is done. FMA:62514 SCTID:244434001 UBERON:0002420 basal ganglia basal ganglion of telencephalon basal nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Basal_Ganglia_and_Related_Structures.svg/200px-Basal_Ganglia_and_Related_Structures.svg.png nuclei basales one of a group of nuclei in the brains of vertebrates, situated at the base of the forebrain and strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other areas.ganglion in the head. The main components of the basal ganglia are the striatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus[WP]. Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF]. uberon FMA Wikipedia:Basal_ganglia nuclei basales MA:0000184 basal nucleus basal ganglia Wikipedia:Basal_ganglia one of a group of nuclei in the brains of vertebrates, situated at the base of the forebrain and strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other areas.ganglion in the head. The main components of the basal ganglia are the striatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus[WP]. Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF]. hippocampal formation ABA:HPF BM:Tel-HF BTO:0000601 FMA:74038 Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment]. MA:0000189 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_715 SCTID:422867004 The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation which consists of the hippocampus proper or Cornu Ammonis, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum[NIF]. BTO:0000601 is placed here since it includes the DG. GO also includes dentate gyrus development as part of hippocampus development, so we assume when GO says "hippocampus" it means "hippocampal formation". In ABA HPF = (.. subiculum) + HIP, HIP = DG + AH. UBERON:0002421 UBERON:MA_0000189-FMA_74038 archipallium hippocampus hippocampus (crosby) major hippocampus primal cortex uberon BTO:0000601 GO:0021766 hippocampus GO MA Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment]. UBERON:cjm MA:0000189 primal cortex MA:0000189 archipallium BTO:0000601 major hippocampus fourth ventricle 4th ventricle AAO:0011043 BM:Pons-4V BTO:0003426 EHDAA2:0000100 EHDAA:896 EMAPA:16479 EMAPA:16917 EV:0100310 FMA:78469 GAID:610 MA:0000196 MESH:A.08.186.211.276.500 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1256 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-7Q6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180932000 TAO:0000110 The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space[GO]. UBERON:0002422 UBERON:MA_0000196-FMA_78469 VHOG:0000006 XAO:0003099 ZFA:0000110 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png ncithesaurus:Fourth_Ventricle_of_the_Brain rhombencephalic vesicle uberon ventricle IV ventricle of hindbrain ventricle of rhombencephalon ventriculus quartus The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space[GO]. Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle BTO:0003426 ventriculus quartus Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle ventriculus quartus BTO:0003426 ventricle of rhombencephalon ZFA:0000110 rhombencephalic vesicle 4th ventricle MA:0000196 BTO:0003426 ventricle of hindbrain ZFA:0000110 ventricle IV hepatobiliary system AAO:0011056 EFO:0000800 EHDAA2:0000998 EHDAA:2189 EMAPA:16840 EV:0100088 MA:0000324 MAT:0000024 MIAA:0000024 TAO:0000036 The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct UBERON:0002423 UBERON:MA_0000324-MIAA_0000024-XAO_0000132-ZFA_0000036 VHOG:0000294 XAO:0000132 ZFA:0000036 hepaticobiliary system liver and biliary system liver/biliary system ncithesaurus:Hepatobiliary_System uberon GO:0061008 hepaticobiliary system GO:0061008 The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct Wikipedia:Hepatobiliary_system oral epithelium AAO:0010357 BTO:0001775 EHDAA2:0001325 EHDAA:2187 EMAPA:16839 EMAPA:26942 Editor note: consider including separate class for developmental structure. Development notes: the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme [PMID:16488870] MA:0000344 TAO:0000816 The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds. UBERON:0002424 UBERON:MA_0000344-ZFA_0000816 VHOG:0000187 XAO:0003201 ZFA:0000816 ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity_Epithelium uberon The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24 AAO-modified visceral serous pericardium AAO:0010409 EHDAA2:0002202 EMAPA:17176 EMAPA:19032 FMA:84882 MA:0000484 SCTID:243955001 UBERON:0002425 UBERON:MA_0000484-FMA_84882 VHOG:0000538 Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. epicardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png uberon visceral lamina of serous pericardium visceral layer of serous pericardium visceral pericardium MA:0000484 epicardium Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. Wikipedia:Visceral_pericardium chest muscle A muscle organ that is part of a chest [Obol]. BTO:0000508 FMA:9619 MA:0000548 UBERON:0002426 UBERON:MA_0000548-FMA_9619 anterior thoracic region muscle organ anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ chest muscle organ front of thorax muscle organ muscle of thorax muscle organ of anterior thoracic region muscle organ of anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ of chest muscle organ of front of thorax musculus thoracicus thoracic muscle uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of chest OBOL:automatic muscle organ of anterior thoracic region FMA:9619 muscle of thorax OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region muscle organ A muscle organ that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic chest muscle organ OBOL:automatic front of thorax muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of front of thorax arm skin A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Obol]. EMAPA:18062 FMA:37721 MA:0000596 UBERON:0002427 UBERON:MA_0000596-FMA_37721 brachial region skin ncithesaurus:Arm_Skin proximal segment of free upper limb skin skin of arm skin of brachial region skin of proximal segment of free upper limb uberon OBOL:automatic skin of arm A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin of brachial region OBOL:automatic skin of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region skin OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb skin limb bone A bone that is part of a limb [Obol]. AO notes: NCITA includes clavicle. MA:'limb bone' is actually a bone of limb or girdle // Note that the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids EFO:0000880 EFO:0000945 MAT:0000151 MIAA:0000151 UBERON:0002428 UBERON:MA_0000688-MIAA_0000151 bone of limb free limb bone ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Extremity uberon UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 free limb bone A bone that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bone of limb cervical lymph node Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:61213 MA:0000736 SCTID:181757009 UBERON:0002429 UBERON:MA_0000736-FMA_61213 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lymph_node_regions.jpg/200px-Lymph_node_regions.jpg lymph node of neck ncithesaurus:Cervical_Lymph_Node uberon Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cervical_lymph_node lateral hypothalamic area ABA:LHA BM:Die-Hy-HLA FMA:62030 GAID:640 MA:0000834 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.300 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4037 The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002430 UBERON:MA_0000834-FMA_62030 area hypothalamica lateralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG lateral division of hypothalamus lateral group of hypothalamic nuclei lateral hypothalamic group lateral hypothalamic nucleus lateral hypothalamic region lateral hypothalamic zone (crosby) uberon FMA:62030 lateral hypothalamic region The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_hypothalamic_area MA:0000834 lateral hypothalamic nucleus FMA:62030 FMA:TA area hypothalamica lateralis pars anterior UBERON:0002431 UBERON:0006965 UBERON:MA_0000854-ZFA_0001195 true uberon pars intermedia of adenohypophysis BTO:0001788 EHDAA2:0001417 EHDAA:8765 EMAPA:17516 FMA:74632 MA:0000855 TAO:0001197 The intermediate part of adenohypophysis: an ill-defined region between the two lobes of the hypophysis; some systems of nomenclature consider it part of the neurohypophysis. In humans a defined structure develops during embryogenesis, but only scattered cells are retained when the gland matures[BTO]. UBERON:0002432 UBERON:MA_0000855-ZFA_0001197 VHOG:0001178 ZFA:0001197 boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary. It contains three types of cells: basophils, chromophobes, and colloid-filled cysts. The cysts are the remainder of Rathke's pouch. In human fetal life, this area produces melanocyte stimulating hormone or MSH which causes the release of melanin pigment in skin melanocytes (pigment cells). However, the pars intermedia is normally either very small or entirely absent in adulthood. In lower vertebrates (fish, amphibians) MSH from the pars intermedia is responsible for darkening of the skin, often in response to changes in background color. This color change is due to MSH stimulating the dispersion of melanin pigment in dermal (skin) melanophore cells. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray1181.png/200px-Gray1181.png intermediate lobe intermediate lobe of adenohypophysis intermediate lobe of pituitary pars intermedia pars intermedia (glandula pituitaria) pars intermedia adenohypophyseos pars intermedia adenohypophysis pars intermedia lobi anterior hypophyseos uberon FMA ZFA Wikipedia:Pars_intermedia pars intermedia adenohypophyseos FMA:74632 FMA:TA pars intermedia (glandula pituitaria) BTO:0001788 pars intermedia adenohypophyseos BTO:0001788 pars intermedia lobi anterior hypophyseos BTO:0001788 intermediate lobe MA:0000855 pars intermedia Wikipedia:Pars_intermedia boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary. It contains three types of cells: basophils, chromophobes, and colloid-filled cysts. The cysts are the remainder of Rathke's pouch. In human fetal life, this area produces melanocyte stimulating hormone or MSH which causes the release of melanin pigment in skin melanocytes (pigment cells). However, the pars intermedia is normally either very small or entirely absent in adulthood. In lower vertebrates (fish, amphibians) MSH from the pars intermedia is responsible for darkening of the skin, often in response to changes in background color. This color change is due to MSH stimulating the dispersion of melanin pigment in dermal (skin) melanophore cells. FMA:74632 FMA:TA pars intermedia adenohypophysis pars tuberalis of adenohypophysis BTO:0001739 EHDAA2:0001419 EHDAA:8767 EMAPA:17517 FMA:74631 MA:0000856 The pars tuberalis is part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and wraps the pituitary stalk in a highly vascularized sheath. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002433 UBERON:MA_0000856-ZFA_0001196 VHOG:0001114 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG/200px-Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG pars tuberalis pars tuberalis (glandula pituitaria) pars tuberalis adenohypophyseos pars tuberalis adenohypophysis uberon The pars tuberalis is part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and wraps the pituitary stalk in a highly vascularized sheath. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pars_tuberalis MA:0000856 pars tuberalis Wikipedia:Pars_tuberalis pars tuberalis adenohypophyseos FMA:74631 FMA:TA pars tuberalis adenohypophysis FMA:74631 FMA:TA pars tuberalis (glandula pituitaria) pituitary stalk BTO:0000768 EHDAA2:0000828 EHDAA:7538 EMAPA:17520 FMA:74635 MA:0000858 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_912 SCTID:245529009 TAO:0001199 The pituitary stalk (also known as the infundibular stalk or simply the infundibulum) is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. It carries axons from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus down to the posterior pituitary where they release their hormones into the blood. This connection is called the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, and is responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone[WP]. UBERON:0002434 UBERON:0003014 UBERON:MA_0000858-ZFA_0001199 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_912-FMA_74635 VHOG:0000245 XAO:0004210 ZFA:0001199 hypophyseal stalk hypophysial stalk infundibular stem infundibular stem of neurohypophysis infundibulum infundibulum (lobus posterior) (glandula pituitaria) infundibulum hypophysis infundibulum neurohypophyseos infundibulum of hypothalamus infundibulum of neurohypophysis infundibulum of pituitary gland infundibulum of posterior lobe of pituitary gland ncithesaurus:Pituitary_Stalk neurohypophysis infundibulum tuberal part of hypophysis uberon FMA:74635 FMA:TA infundibulum (lobus posterior) (glandula pituitaria) MP:0009463 infundibular stem FMA:74635 tuberal part of hypophysis FMA:74635 infundibular stem of neurohypophysis ZFA:0001199 infundibulum FMA:74635 infundibulum of neurohypophysis ZFA:0001199 hypophysial stalk Wikipedia:Pituitary_stalk infundibulum neurohypophyseos ZFA:0001199 infundibulum of hypothalamus FMA:74635 neurohypophysis infundibulum FMA:74635 infundibulum of posterior lobe of pituitary gland FMA:74635 infundibulum of pituitary gland MP:0009463 hypophyseal stalk FMA:74635 FMA:TA infundibulum hypophysis The pituitary stalk (also known as the infundibular stalk or simply the infundibulum) is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. It carries axons from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus down to the posterior pituitary where they release their hormones into the blood. This connection is called the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, and is responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone[WP]. Wikipedia:Pituitary_stalk MA:0000858 ZFA:0001199 infundibulum striatum A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO]. ABA:STR AO notes: FMA divides striatum of neuraxis into 4, neostriatum is seperate class. In NIF these are synonyms. TODO - check striatum vs corpus striatum see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striatum#History. Check caudoputamen BM:N BTO:0000418 EFO:0000109 EMAPA:17549 FMA:77618 FMA:83683 MA:0000891 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1672 UBERON:0002435 UBERON:MA_0000891-FMA_77618 corpus striatum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg/200px-BrainCaudatePutamen.svg.png ncithesaurus:Striatum neostriatum striate nucleus uberon A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO]. GOC:jl Wikipedia:Striatum BTO GO:0021756 Wikipedia:Striatum striate nucleus GO:0021756 Wikipedia:Striatum neostriatum GO NIF MA:0000891 corpus striatum primary visual cortex BA17 BM:Tel-Cx-V1 BTO:0004703 Brodmann area 17 FMA:236871 MA:0000914 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748 The term area 17 of Brodmann (human) refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex in the human. Defined by the band of Gennari, which gives it the name striate (furrowed) area, it occupies the banks of the calcarine sulcus which are located in the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which surrounds it ( Brodmann-1909 ). In the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) it is located on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere[BrainInfo]. UBERON:0002436 UBERON:MA_0000914-FMA_236871 V1 area 17 of brodmann area 17 of brodmann-1909 area striata b09-17 brodmann (1909) area 17 brodmann area 17 brodmann area 17, striate calcarine cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png/200px-Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png ncithesaurus:Primary_Visual_Cortex occipital visual neocortex striate cortex uberon visual association area visual association cortex Wikipedia:Visual_cortex visual association area BrainInfo:2102 The term area 17 of Brodmann (human) refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex in the human. Defined by the band of Gennari, which gives it the name striate (furrowed) area, it occupies the banks of the calcarine sulcus which are located in the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which surrounds it ( Brodmann-1909 ). In the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) it is located on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere[BrainInfo]. Wikipedia:Visual_cortex Wikipedia:Visual_cortex area 17 of brodmann Wikipedia:Visual_cortex brodmann area 17 BA17 Wikipedia:Visual_cortex BrainInfo:2102 calcarine cortex FMA:236871 striate cortex Wikipedia:Visual_cortex visual association cortex GEO:GSM336648 occipital visual neocortex Brodmann area 17 Wikipedia:Visual_cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748 brodmann (1909) area 17 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748 b09-17 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748 area 17 of brodmann-1909 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748 brodmann area 17, striate cerebral white matter BTO:0000236 FMA:241998 MA:0000945 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_711 SCTID:361691006 UBERON:0002437 UBERON:MA_0000945-FMA_241998 White matter is one of the two main solid components of the central nervous system. It is composed of myelinated nerve cell processes, or axons, which connect various grey matter areas (the locations of nerve cell bodies) of the brain to each other and carry nerve impulses between neurons. Cerebral and spinal white matter do not contain dendrites, which can only be found in grey matter along with neural cell bodies and shorter axons (Christine Fennema-Notestine). ncithesaurus:Cerebral_White_Matter uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_711 White matter is one of the two main solid components of the central nervous system. It is composed of myelinated nerve cell processes, or axons, which connect various grey matter areas (the locations of nerve cell bodies) of the brain to each other and carry nerve impulses between neurons. Cerebral and spinal white matter do not contain dendrites, which can only be found in grey matter along with neural cell bodies and shorter axons (Christine Fennema-Notestine). ventral tegmental nucleus ABA:VTN AO notes: ventral and anterior tegmental nucleus are synonyms in FMA, but we split these into seperate classes. This is consistent with MA, ABA and neuronames, which treat these as distinct (NN suggest the anterior is a rodent specific structure). Location notes: this is part of pons and brainstem in MA, but this leads to an inconsistency with ABA. We err on the side of safety, and exclude the relationship to the pons here. FMA:72435 MA:0001031 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1421 SCTID:369244006 TAO:0000275 UBERON:0002438 UBERON:MA_0001031-FMA_72435 ZFA:0000275 anterior tegmental nuclei anterior tegmental nucleus deep tegmental nucleus of Gudden nucleus of Gudden nucleus tegmentales anteriores nucleus tegmentalis anterior uberon ventral raphe tegmental nucleus ventral tegmental nuclei ventral tegmental nucleus (gudden) ventral tegmental nucleus of gudden FMA:72435 ventral tegmental nuclei FMA:72435 deep tegmental nucleus of Gudden FMA:72435 ventral raphe tegmental nucleus FMA:72435 anterior tegmental nuclei NIF FMA:72435 ventral tegmental nucleus of gudden FMA:TA nucleus tegmentalis anterior FMA:72435 anterior tegmental nucleus http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61761 MA:0001031 nucleus of Gudden FMA:TA nucleus tegmentales anteriores FMA:72435 ventral tegmental nucleus (gudden) myenteric nerve plexus Auberbach plexus Auberbach's plexus Auberbachs plexus Auerbach's plexus BTO:0002436 FMA:63252 GAID:798 MA:0001148 MESH:A.08.800.050.050.500 Meissner's plexus NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306 Remak's plexus SCTID:267716001 UBERON:0002439 UBERON:MA_0001148-FMA_63252 check myenteric vs submucosal myenteric plexus ncithesaurus:Myenteric_Nerve_Plexus plexus myentericus plexus nervosus submucosus plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies lying in the muscular coat of the esophagus, stomach and intestines that communicate with the submucosal, subserosal and enteric plexuses[MP]. Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbach's plexus (or myenteric plexus) exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input, whereas Meissner's plexus has only parasympathetic fibers. It arises from cells in the Nucleus ala cinerea, the parasympathetic nucleus of origin for the tenth cranial nerve, located in the medulla oblongata. The fibers are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves. It is found in the muscles of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and control GI tract motility[WP]. plexus submucosus submucous plexus uberon Auerbach's plexus FMA:63252 FMA:63252 FMA:TA plexus nervosus submucosus FMA:63252 Remak's plexus Auberbach plexus NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306 FMA:63252 FMA:TA plexus submucosus BTO:0002436 plexus myentericus MP:0010801 Wikipedia:Auerbach's_plexus plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies lying in the muscular coat of the esophagus, stomach and intestines that communicate with the submucosal, subserosal and enteric plexuses[MP]. Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbach's plexus (or myenteric plexus) exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input, whereas Meissner's plexus has only parasympathetic fibers. It arises from cells in the Nucleus ala cinerea, the parasympathetic nucleus of origin for the tenth cranial nerve, located in the medulla oblongata. The fibers are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves. It is found in the muscles of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and control GI tract motility[WP]. Auberbach's plexus NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306 FMA:63252 Meissner's plexus Auberbachs plexus NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306 inferior cervical ganglion BTO:0000240 EHDAA:8939 EMAPA:18439 FMA:6961 MA:0001154 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000815 SCTID:279280008 The inferior cervical ganglion is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery. Its form is irregular; it is larger in size than the middle cervical ganglion, and is frequently fused with the first thoracic ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002440 UBERON:MA_0001154-FMA_6961 ganglion cervicale inferioris ganglion cervicale inferius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png ncithesaurus:Inferior_Cervical_Ganglion stellate ganglion uberon variant cervical ganglion MA:0001154 stellate ganglion The inferior cervical ganglion is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery. Its form is irregular; it is larger in size than the middle cervical ganglion, and is frequently fused with the first thoracic ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_cervical_ganglion Wikipedia:Inferior_cervical_ganglion ganglion cervicale inferius BTO:0000240 ganglion cervicale inferioris cervicothoracic ganglion BTO:0001815 EMAPA:18226 FMA:6469 GAID:711 MA:0001157 MESH:A.08.340.315.350.800 SCTID:181101006 The stellate ganglion (or cervicothoracic ganglion) is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion. Stellate ganglion is located at the level of C7, anterior to the transverse process of C7, posterior to the neck of the first rib, and just below the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002441 UBERON:MA_0001157-FMA_6469 cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion ganglion stellatum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gray845.png/200px-Gray845.png stellate ganglion uberon The stellate ganglion (or cervicothoracic ganglion) is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion. Stellate ganglion is located at the level of C7, anterior to the transverse process of C7, posterior to the neck of the first rib, and just below the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cervicothoracic_ganglion FMA:6469 FMA:TA ganglion stellatum axillary nerve trunk FMA:65265 MA:0001175 UBERON:0002442 UBERON:MA_0001175-FMA_65265 circumflex nerve trunk right axillary neural trunk trunk of right axillary nerve uberon MA:0001175 circumflex nerve trunk FMA:65265 trunk of right axillary nerve choroidal blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Obol]. EMAPA:17828 FMA:76550 MA:0001237 UBERON:0002443 UBERON:MA_0001237-FMA_76550 blood vessel of choroid blood vessel of choroid coat blood vessel of choroidea blood vessel of posterior uvea cannot find singular in FMA, using Set class choroid blood vessel choroid blood vessels choroid blood vessels set choroid coat blood vessel choroidea blood vessel posterior uvea blood vessel uberon vasa sanguinea choroideae OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroid OBOL:automatic posterior uvea blood vessel OBOL:automatic choroid coat blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroidea A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of posterior uvea OBOL:automatic choroid blood vessel OBOL:automatic choroidea blood vessel FMA:76550 FMA:TA vasa sanguinea choroideae OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroid coat lens fiber BTO:0000724 EHDAA:4745 EHDAA:9065 EMAPA:17841 FMA:76827 MA:0001304 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000979 TODO - check plural vs singular. in FMA lens fiber is a cell - FMA:70950 Lens cell. Other ontologies don't appear to commit one way or another. The lens fibers form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells, with diameters typically between 4-7 micrometres and lengths of up to 12 mm long. UBERON:0002444 UBERON:MA_0001304-FMA_76827 VHOG:0000444 XAO:0004096 fibrae lentis lens fibers lens fibers set lens fibres ncithesaurus:Lens_Fiber uberon FMA:76827 FMA:TA fibrae lentis The lens fibers form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells, with diameters typically between 4-7 micrometres and lengths of up to 12 mm long. Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_fibers triquetral AAO: ulnare: One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates with the ulna, radius, radiale, centrale (element Y), and carpal 5(4). This element originates from one condensation center or the fusion of two elements (ulnare and intermedium). Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the radiale, or other elements. AAO:0000845 FMA:23715 MA:0001347 SCTID:181965000 The triquetral bone (also called triquetrum bone, pyramidal bone, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not articulate with the ulna. It connects with the pisiform, hamate, and lunate bones. It is the 3rd most commonly fractured carpal bone. The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. To facilitate its palpation in an exam, the hand must be radially deviated so that the triquetrium moves out from under the ulnar styloid process. The triquetrum may be difficult to find, since it also lies under the pisiform. The etymology derives from the Latin triquetrus which means 'three-cornered'. In reptiles and amphibians, the bone is instead referred to as the ulnare, since (at least in the most primitive fossils) it articulates with the ulna. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002445 UBERON:MA_0001347-FMA_23715 cuneiform bone of hand cuneiform of hand galen:Triquetral http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png ncithesaurus:Triangular_Bone os triquetrum os ulnare triangular triangular bone triquetral bone triquetrum uberon ulnar carpal bone ulnare UBERON:cjm os ulnare MA:0001347 triangular AAO:0000845 ulnare MA:0001347 cuneiform of hand The triquetral bone (also called triquetrum bone, pyramidal bone, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not articulate with the ulna. It connects with the pisiform, hamate, and lunate bones. It is the 3rd most commonly fractured carpal bone. The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. To facilitate its palpation in an exam, the hand must be radially deviated so that the triquetrium moves out from under the ulnar styloid process. The triquetrum may be difficult to find, since it also lies under the pisiform. The etymology derives from the Latin triquetrus which means 'three-cornered'. In reptiles and amphibians, the bone is instead referred to as the ulnare, since (at least in the most primitive fossils) it articulates with the ulna. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Triquetral MA:0001347 triquetrum MA:0001347 ulnar carpal bone FMA:23715 FMA:TA os triquetrum patella FMA:24485 GAID:203 MA:0001374 MESH:A.02.835.232.500.624 SCTID:182083008 See also: fabella The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. It is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to extend/straighten the knee. The vastus intermedialis muscle is attached to the base of patella. The vastus lateralis and vastus medialis are attached to lateral and medial borders of patella respectively. The patella is stabilized by the insertion of vastus medialis and the prominence of the anterior femoral condyles, which prevent lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the patella also stabilize it during exercise. The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella increases the leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts. The patella ossifies between the ages 2-6 years. In some people it may be absent congenitally or hypoplastic. In 2% of the population there is a bipartite patella, which is usually asymptomatic. Direct trauma, however, may produce symptoms that mimic those of a fracture. The patella has convergently evolved in placental mammals and birds; marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae. In more primitive tetrapods, including living amphibians and reptiles, the muscle tendons from the upper leg are attached directly to the tibia, and the patella is not present. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002446 UBERON:MA_0001374-FMA_24485 galen:Patella http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg/200px-Knee_diagram.svg.png knee bone ncithesaurus:Patella patella uberon Wikipedia:Patella patella FMA:24485 knee bone The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. It is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to extend/straighten the knee. The vastus intermedialis muscle is attached to the base of patella. The vastus lateralis and vastus medialis are attached to lateral and medial borders of patella respectively. The patella is stabilized by the insertion of vastus medialis and the prominence of the anterior femoral condyles, which prevent lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the patella also stabilize it during exercise. The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella increases the leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts. The patella ossifies between the ages 2-6 years. In some people it may be absent congenitally or hypoplastic. In 2% of the population there is a bipartite patella, which is usually asymptomatic. Direct trauma, however, may produce symptoms that mimic those of a fracture. The patella has convergently evolved in placental mammals and birds; marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae. In more primitive tetrapods, including living amphibians and reptiles, the muscle tendons from the upper leg are attached directly to the tibia, and the patella is not present. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Patella https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834 FMA palatine gland FMA:59795 MA:0001584 SCTID:13604002 The palatine glands form a continuous layer on its posterior surface and around the uvula. They are primarily mucous secreting glands, as opposed to serous or mixed secreting glands. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002447 UBERON:MA_0001584-FMA_71616 ncithesaurus:Palatine_Salivary_Gland palatine glands set palatine salivary gland salivary palatine gland uberon The palatine glands form a continuous layer on its posterior surface and around the uvula. They are primarily mucous secreting glands, as opposed to serous or mixed secreting glands. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Palatine_gland fungiform papilla EMAPA:18657 FMA:54821 MA:0001595 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4106 SCTID:80673002 The fungiform papillae are mushroom shaped e (projections) on the tongue. They are located on the top (dorsal) surface of the tongue, scattered throughout the filiform papilla but mainly at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue. They have taste buds on their superior (upper) surface which can distinguish the five tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. They have a core of connective tissue. They are innervated by the seventh cranial nerve, more specifically via the submandibular ganglion, chorda tympani, and geniculate ganglion ascending to the solitary nucleus (the sensory component of the Vagus nerve in the brainstem). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002448 UBERON:MA_0001595-FMA_71448 fungiform papilla of tongue fungiform papillae fungiform papillae set http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gray1014.png/200px-Gray1014.png ncithesaurus:Fungiform_Papilla papillae fungiformes uberon fungiform papillae MA Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla papillae fungiformes FMA:54821 fungiform papilla of tongue fungiform papillae set The fungiform papillae are mushroom shaped e (projections) on the tongue. They are located on the top (dorsal) surface of the tongue, scattered throughout the filiform papilla but mainly at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue. They have taste buds on their superior (upper) surface which can distinguish the five tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. They have a core of connective tissue. They are innervated by the seventh cranial nerve, more specifically via the submandibular ganglion, chorda tympani, and geniculate ganglion ascending to the solitary nucleus (the sensory component of the Vagus nerve in the brainstem). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla decidua BTO:0001360 EMAPA:29917 FMA:85538 GAID:378 MA:0001722 MAT:0000290 MESH:A.05.360.319.679.490.373 MIAA:0000290 SCTID:362842004 UBERON:0002450 UBERON:MA_0001722-MIAA_0000290 Uterine lining (endometrium) during a pregnancy, which forms the maternal part of the placenta. It is formed under the influence of progesterone and forms highly-characteristic cells. decidous membrane decidua basalis endometrium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray33.png/200px-Gray33.png maternal decidual layer ncithesaurus:Decidua placenta maternal decidual layer todo - check mp syn uberon uterine decidua MP:0004256 maternal decidual layer FMA:85538 decidous membrane FMA MA Uterine lining (endometrium) during a pregnancy, which forms the maternal part of the placenta. It is formed under the influence of progesterone and forms highly-characteristic cells. Wikipedia:Decidua BTO:0001360 uterine decidua uterine gland BTO:0003433 BTO:0004518 EMAPA:29919 FMA:71647 FMA:86488 MA:0001726 SCTID:361377009 UBERON:0002451 UBERON:MA_0001726-FMA_71647 glandulae uterinae glandulae uterinae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray1169.png/200px-Gray1169.png ncithesaurus:Uterine_Gland todo - check FMA tube like gland lined by ciliated columnar epithelium[WP]. The mucous secreting gland associated with the epithelium lining the uterus. These glands develop and secrete each menstrual cycle and are thought to provide initial blastocyst nutrition prior to implantation[BTO] uberon uterine glands uterine glands set Wikipedia Wikipedia:Uterine_glands glandulae uterinae Wikipedia:Uterine_glands tube like gland lined by ciliated columnar epithelium[WP]. The mucous secreting gland associated with the epithelium lining the uterus. These glands develop and secrete each menstrual cycle and are thought to provide initial blastocyst nutrition prior to implantation[BTO] FMA:71647 FMA:TA glandulae uterinae ethmoid sinus FMA:84115 GAID:356 MA:0001792 MESH:A.04.531.621.267 SCTID:181206009 The ethmoid sinus, one of the paranasal sinuses, is the collective name for the ethmoidal air cells. Each ethmoid sinus is an air-space enclosed within the ethmoid bone. The ethmoidal air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities situated in the ethmoidal labyrinth and completed by the frontal, maxilla, lacrimal, sphenoidal, and palatine bones. They lie between the upper parts of the nasal cavities and the orbits, and are separated from these cavities by thin bony laminæ. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002453 UBERON:MA_0001792-FMA_84115 cellulae ethmoidales ethmoidal sinus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg/200px-Nnh_front.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ethmoid_Sinus uberon FMA:84115 ethmoidal sinus The ethmoid sinus, one of the paranasal sinuses, is the collective name for the ethmoidal air cells. Each ethmoid sinus is an air-space enclosed within the ethmoid bone. The ethmoidal air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities situated in the ethmoidal labyrinth and completed by the frontal, maxilla, lacrimal, sphenoidal, and palatine bones. They lie between the upper parts of the nasal cavities and the orbits, and are separated from these cavities by thin bony laminæ. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone_sinus Wikipedia:Ethmoid_sinus cellulae ethmoidales dorsal metacarpal artery Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries. FMA:70800 MA:0001944 SCTID:244320002 UBERON:0002454 UBERON:MA_0001944-FMA_70800 arteriae metacarpales dorsales check FMA, singular. specific subtypes e.g. FMA:22761 first dorsal metacarpal artery dorsal metacarpal arteries dorsal metacarpal arteries set http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray529.png/200px-Gray529.png ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Metacarpal_Artery uberon FMA:70800 FMA:TA arteriae metacarpales dorsales Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries. Wikipedia:Dorsal_metacarpal_artery common plantar digital arteries . FMA:70821 MA:0001966 UBERON:0002455 UBERON:MA_0001966-FMA_70821 arteriae digitales plantares communes arteriae digitales plantares communes common plantar digital arteries common plantar digital arteries set http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray555.png/200px-Gray555.png uberon . Wikipedia:Common_plantar_digital_arteries FMA:70821 common plantar digital arteries set Wikipedia:Common_plantar_digital_arteries arteriae digitales plantares communes FMA:70821 FMA:TA arteriae digitales plantares communes internal thoracic artery EHDAA2:0000880 EHDAA:8585 EMAPA:18617 FMA:3960 In human anatomy, the internal thoracic artery (ITA), previously known as the internal mammary artery (a name still common among surgeons), is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001982 MA:0001984 OpenCyc:Mx4rMe0MIao8EduQrwACs5b6Bw SCTID:244239009 UBERON:0002456 UBERON:MA_0001984-FMA_3960 arteria thoracica interna, arteria mammaria interna internal mammary artery internal thoracic mammary artery ncithesaurus:Internal_Mammary_Artery note MA has both mammary and thoracic uberon In human anatomy, the internal thoracic artery (ITA), previously known as the internal mammary artery (a name still common among surgeons), is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery arteria thoracica interna, arteria mammaria interna MA:0001982 internal mammary artery intersegmental artery 7th intersegmental artery EHDAA2:0000882 EHDAA:4340 EMAPA:17616 MA:0001985 SCTID:338130007 TAO:0001061 UBERON:0002457 UBERON:MA_0001985-ZFA_0001061 VHOG:0000225 ZFA:0001061 seventh intersegmental artery uberon spinal artery . EHDAA2:0001890 EHDAA:4355 EMAPA:18241 MA:0002043 SCTID:244228006 TAO:0000682 UBERON:0002458 UBERON:MA_0002043-ZFA_0000682 ZFA:0000682 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Artery spinal arteries uberon ZFA:0000682 spinal arteries . Wikipedia:Spinal_artery inferior palpebral vein FMA:70847 MA:0002147 SCTID:422559003 UBERON:0002459 UBERON:MA_0002147-FMA_70847 check FMA, singular. inferior palpebral veins inferior palpebral veins set lower palpebral vein ncithesaurus:Inferior_Palpebral_Vein uberon venae palpebrales inferiores FMA:70847 FMA:TA venae palpebrales inferiores MA:0002147 lower palpebral vein vesical vein FMA:70911 MA:0002263 SCTID:12683000 The vesical veins are tributaries of the internal iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002460 UBERON:MA_0002263-FMA_70911 check FMA, singular. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png uberon venae vesicales vesical veins vesical veins set FMA:70911 FMA:TA venae vesicales The vesical veins are tributaries of the internal iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vesical_veins anterior abdominal wall muscle EHDAA2:0000125 FMA:20278 MA:0002268 UBERON:0002461 UBERON:MA_0002268-FMA_20278 muscle of anterior abdominal wall ncithesaurus:Anterior_Abdominal_Wall_Muscle uberon FMA:20278 muscle of anterior abdominal wall FMA erector spinae BTO:0001652 EHDAA2:0000454 EHDAA:9456 EMAPA:18168 FMA:71302 MA:0002289 OpenCyc:Mx4rwC7lnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The Erector spinæ is a muscle of the back in humans and other animals. It is also known as sacrospinalis in older texts. A more modern term is extensor spinae, though this is not in widespread use. The name of the muscle is pronounced e-rec-tor speen-aye, or e-rec-tor spinae-ee. It is really not just one muscle, but a bundle of muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column. Erector spinae is covered in the lumbar and thoracic regions by the lumbodorsal fascia, and in the cervical region by the nuchal ligament. This large muscular and tendinous mass varies in size and structure at different parts of the vertebral column. In the sacral region it is narrow and pointed, and at its origin chiefly tendinous in structure. In the lumbar region it is larger, and forms a thick fleshy mass which, on being followed upward, is subdivided into three columns; these gradually diminish in size as they ascend to be inserted into the vertebræ and ribs. The erector spinae arises from the anterior surface of a broad and thick tendon, which is attached to the medial crest of the sacrum, to the spinous processes of the lumbar and the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebræ, and the supraspinal ligament, to the back part of the inner lip of the iliac crests and to the lateral crests of the sacrum, where it blends with the sacrotuberous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Some of its fibers are continuous with the fibers of origin of the Glutæus maximus. The muscular fibers form a large fleshy mass which splits, in the upper lumbar region into three columns, viz. , a lateral, the Iliocostalis, an intermediate, the Longissimus, and a medial, the Spinalis. Each of these consists from below upward, of three parts, as follows: [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002462 UBERON:MA_0002289-FMA_71302 VHOG:0000984 erector spinae muscle group extensor spinae muscles m. erector spinæ ncithesaurus:Erector_Spinae uberon dbpedia Wikipedia:Erector_spinae extensor spinae muscles FMA:71302 erector spinae muscle group Wikipedia:Erector_spinae_muscles m. erector spinæ EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The Erector spinæ is a muscle of the back in humans and other animals. It is also known as sacrospinalis in older texts. A more modern term is extensor spinae, though this is not in widespread use. The name of the muscle is pronounced e-rec-tor speen-aye, or e-rec-tor spinae-ee. It is really not just one muscle, but a bundle of muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column. Erector spinae is covered in the lumbar and thoracic regions by the lumbodorsal fascia, and in the cervical region by the nuchal ligament. This large muscular and tendinous mass varies in size and structure at different parts of the vertebral column. In the sacral region it is narrow and pointed, and at its origin chiefly tendinous in structure. In the lumbar region it is larger, and forms a thick fleshy mass which, on being followed upward, is subdivided into three columns; these gradually diminish in size as they ascend to be inserted into the vertebræ and ribs. The erector spinae arises from the anterior surface of a broad and thick tendon, which is attached to the medial crest of the sacrum, to the spinous processes of the lumbar and the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebræ, and the supraspinal ligament, to the back part of the inner lip of the iliac crests and to the lateral crests of the sacrum, where it blends with the sacrotuberous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Some of its fibers are continuous with the fibers of origin of the Glutæus maximus. The muscular fibers form a large fleshy mass which splits, in the upper lumbar region into three columns, viz. , a lateral, the Iliocostalis, an intermediate, the Longissimus, and a medial, the Spinalis. Each of these consists from below upward, of three parts, as follows: [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Erector_spinae_muscles Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae dbpedia Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae dbpedia hamstring muscle BTO:0003179 EHDAA2:0000727 EHDAA:8295 EMAPA:19072 EMAPA:19145 FMA:81022 In human anatomy, the hamstring refers to one of the three posterior thigh muscles, or to the tendons that make up the borders of the space behind the knee. In modern anatomical contexts, however, they usually refer to the posterior thigh muscles, or the tendons of the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris. In quadrupeds, it refers to the single large tendon found behind the knee or comparable area. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002312 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002463 UBERON:MA_0002312-FMA_81022 VHOG:0000844 check FMA, singular. hamstring muscles hamstring muscles set hamstrings http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG/200px-Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG ncithesaurus:Hamstring uberon dbpedia dbpedia sciatic nerve In human anatomy, the hamstring refers to one of the three posterior thigh muscles, or to the tendons that make up the borders of the space behind the knee. In modern anatomical contexts, however, they usually refer to the posterior thigh muscles, or the tendons of the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris. In quadrupeds, it refers to the single large tendon found behind the knee or comparable area. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Hamstring dbpedia dbpedia nerve trunk BTO:0000927 EHDAA:4675 EMAPA:16986 FMA:5913 MA:0002408 UBERON:0002464 UBERON:MA_0002408-FMA_5913 trunk of nerve uberon lymphoid system AAO:0010522 EFO:0000870 EHDAA2:0001043 EHDAA:8677 EMAPA:18248 FMA:74594 GAID:931 MA:0002435 MAT:0000197 MIAA:0000197 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQAKT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362589007 TAO:0000385 The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system (Wikipedia). UBERON:0002096 UBERON:0002465 UBERON:MA_0002435-FMA_74594 VHOG:0000842 We follow FMA and MA in distinguishing between lymphatic system and lymphoid system, with lymhoid tissue part of the non-lymphatic component, although these terms are often used interchangeably. We assume the ZFA term lymphatic tissue actually corresponds to the broader class (e.g. ZFA lymph node in the ZFA lymphatic system). See tracker for more comments. XAO:0003199 ZFA:0000385 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Illu_capillary_microcirculation.jpg/200px-Illu_capillary_microcirculation.jpg lymphatic circulatory system lymphatic system ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_System systema lymphoideum uberon UBERON:cjm lymphatic circulatory system ZFA:0000385 lymphatic system Wikipedia:Lymphoid_system systema lymphoideum The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system (Wikipedia). Wikipedia:Lymphoid_system https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3153468&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 intestine secretion BTO:0000644 Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. FMA:62974 GAID:1162 MA:0002515 MESH:A.12.200.390 UBERON:0002466 UBERON:MA_0002515-FMA_62974 intestinal secretion ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Secretion succus entericus uberon Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. Wikipedia:Succus_entericus FMA:62974 intestinal secretion filiform papilla EMAPA:18655 EMAPA:18873 FMA:54820 MA:0002678 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4104 SCTID:58743008 The filiform papillae are thin, long 'V'-shaped cones that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous. These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation covering most of the dorsum (upper surface). They are small and arranged in lines parallel to the V-shaped row of circumvallate papillae, except at the tip of the tongue where they are aligned transversely. Projecting from their apices are numerous filamentous processes, or secondary papillae. These are of a whitish tint, owing to the thickness and density of the epithelium of which they are composed. This epithelium has undergone a peculiar modification as the cells have become cornified and elongated into dense, imbricated, brush-like processes. They contain also a number of elastic fibers, which render them firmer and more elastic than the papillae of mucous membrane generally. The larger and longer papillae of this group are sometimes termed papillae conicae. Fungiform papillae are found dispersed throughout the filiform papillae. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002467 UBERON:MA_0002678-FMA_71447 filiform papilla of tongue filiform papillae filiform papillae set http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1016.png/200px-Gray1016.png ncithesaurus:Filiform_Papilla papillae filiformes uberon The filiform papillae are thin, long 'V'-shaped cones that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous. These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation covering most of the dorsum (upper surface). They are small and arranged in lines parallel to the V-shaped row of circumvallate papillae, except at the tip of the tongue where they are aligned transversely. Projecting from their apices are numerous filamentous processes, or secondary papillae. These are of a whitish tint, owing to the thickness and density of the epithelium of which they are composed. This epithelium has undergone a peculiar modification as the cells have become cornified and elongated into dense, imbricated, brush-like processes. They contain also a number of elastic fibers, which render them firmer and more elastic than the papillae of mucous membrane generally. The larger and longer papillae of this group are sometimes termed papillae conicae. Fungiform papillae are found dispersed throughout the filiform papillae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla papillae filiformes FMA:54820 filiform papilla of tongue foliate papilla FMA:54823 MA:0002679 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4105 SCTID:362098003 Taste-buds, the end-organs of the gustatory sense, are scattered over the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue at irregular intervals. They occur especially in the sides of the vallate papillae. There is a localized area at the side of the base of the tongue, the foliate papillae, in which they are especially abundant. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002468 UBERON:MA_0002679-FMA_71450 foliate papilla of tongue foliate papillae foliate papillae set http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray1021.png/200px-Gray1021.png ncithesaurus:Foliate_Papilla papillae foliatae uberon Taste-buds, the end-organs of the gustatory sense, are scattered over the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue at irregular intervals. They occur especially in the sides of the vallate papillae. There is a localized area at the side of the base of the tongue, the foliate papillae, in which they are especially abundant. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla FMA:54823 foliate papilla of tongue Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla papillae foliatae esophagus mucosa A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. BTO:0002859 EMAPA:26981 EMAPA:26991 FMA:62996 MA:0002680 SCTID:362127004 UBERON:0002469 UBERON:0003345 UBERON:MA_0002680-FMA_62996 esophageal mucosa esophagus mucosa esophagus mucosa of organ esophagus mucous membrane esophagus organ mucosa gullet mucosa gullet mucosa of organ gullet mucous membrane gullet organ mucosa lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae mucosa of esophagus mucosa of gullet mucosa of oesophagus mucosa of organ of esophagus mucosa of organ of gullet mucosa of organ of oesophagus mucous membrane of esophagus mucous membrane of gullet mucous membrane of oesophagus muscularis mucosae of oesophagus ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Mucosa oesophageal mucosa oesophagus mucosa oesophagus mucosa of organ oesophagus mucous membrane oesophagus organ mucosa organ mucosa of esophagus organ mucosa of gullet organ mucosa of oesophagus tunica mucosa esophagi tunica mucosa oesophageae tunica mucosa oesophagi tunica mucosa oesophagi uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of esophagus OBOL:automatic gullet mucosa OBOL:automatic gullet organ mucosa FMA:62996 oesophageal mucosa FMA:62996 mucous membrane of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus organ mucosa FMA:62996 muscularis mucosae of oesophagus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of esophagus OBOL:automatic mucosa of oesophagus OBOL:automatic mucosa of gullet OBOL:automatic esophagus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gullet OBOL:automatic esophagus organ mucosa BTO:0002859 tunica mucosa oesophagi OBOL:automatic esophagus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gullet mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oesophagus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gullet mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oesophagus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of esophagus FMA:62996 FMA:TA lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gullet OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gullet FMA:62996 FMA:TA tunica mucosa oesophageae FMA:62996 esophagus mucosa A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic autopod region BTO:0004359 EFO:0000877 FMA:83015 MA:0002714 MAT:0000091 MIAA:0000091 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group; note that this refers to the limb segment, not just the skeleton. SCTID:95936004 Terminal segment of free upper limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot UBERON:0002470 UBERON:MA_0002714-MIAA_0000091 autopod autopodial limb segment autopodial segment autopodium autopodium region distal free limb segment distal segment of free limb ncithesaurus:Paw paw pod uberon FMA:83015 distal segment of free limb FMA:83015 distal free limb segment MA:0002714 autopod Terminal segment of free upper limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot UBERON:cjm MA:th autopodial limb segment definitional zeugopod EFO:0000878 FMA:83016 MA:0002716 MAT:0000092 MIAA:0000092 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The middle part of the limb (e.g. between the elbow and wrist) UBERON:0002471 UBERON:MA_0002716-MIAA_0000092 epipodium middle free limb segment middle limb segment middle part of limb uberon zeugopod limb segment zeugopodial limb segment zeugopodium FMA:83016 middle free limb segment MA:th zeugopodial limb segment MA:th epipodium MA:th zeugopod limb segment stylopod EFO:0000879 FMA:83014 Limb segment that is the proximal part of the limb (e.g. between shoulder and elbow). MA:0002717 MAT:0000093 MIAA:0000093 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group UBERON:0002472 UBERON:MA_0002717-MIAA_0000093 propodium proximal free limb segment proximal part of limb stylopodial limb segment stylopodium uberon MA:th propodium MA:th stylopodial limb segment FMA:83014 proximal free limb segment intercerebral commissure Class of unpaired telencephalic white matter structures consisting of fiber pathways which project across the midsagittal plane and which serve to interconnect telencephalic structures lying within the contralateral cerebral hemisphere[FMA]. FMA:67930 MA:0002721 UBERON:0002473 UBERON:MA_0002721-FMA_67930 brain commissure interhemispheric commissure uberon Class of unpaired telencephalic white matter structures consisting of fiber pathways which project across the midsagittal plane and which serve to interconnect telencephalic structures lying within the contralateral cerebral hemisphere[FMA]. FMA:67930 MA:0002721 interhemispheric commissure cerebellar peduncular complex A composite structure of the brain stem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM)[NIF]. FMA:77791 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_970 UBERON:0002474 UBERON:MA_0002742-FMA_77791 cerebellar peduncles cerebellar peduncles and decussations cerebellar peduncles set cerebellum peduncles ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Peduncle pedunculi cerebellares todo - this requires work for making consistent with ABA, which strictly separates cerebellum from brainstem. in MA, cerebellar peduncle is part of both brainstem and cerebellar white matter. uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_970 cerebellar peduncles and decussations NIF FMA:77791 FMA:TA pedunculi cerebellares A composite structure of the brain stem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM)[NIF]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_970 Wikipedia:Cerebellar_peduncle saphenous nerve FMA:45262 MA:0002761 OpenCyc:Mx4rvY0kgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181079005 The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002475 UBERON:MA_0002761-FMA_45262 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray827.png/200px-Gray827.png nervus saphenus uberon Wikipedia:Saphenous_nerve nervus saphenus The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Saphenous_nerve lateral globus pallidus ABA:GPe BTO:0002247 EHDAA2:0004462 FMA:61839 MA:0002767 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610 SCTID:361560008 The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002476 UBERON:MA_0002767-FMA_61839 external globus pallidus external pallidum external part of globus pallidus globus pallidus external segment globus pallidus externus globus pallidus lateral segment globus pallidus lateralis globus pallidus, lateral segment http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif/200px-Brain_structure.gif lateral pallidal segment lateral pallidum lateral part of globus pallidus lateral segment of globus pallidus pallidum I pallidus II pars lateralis globi pallidi medialis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610 lateral segment of globus pallidus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610 lateral pallidum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610 external part of globus pallidus BTO:0002247 pallidum I The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_globus_pallidus MA:0002767 globus pallidus lateral segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610 external pallidum FMA:61839 MA:0002767 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610 globus pallidus external segment BTO:0002247 globus pallidus lateralis FMA:61839 pallidus II FMA:61839 FMA:TA pars lateralis globi pallidi medialis medial globus pallidus ABA:GPi BTO:0002248 FMA:61840 MA:0002768 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555 SCTID:361562000 See also: endopeduncular nucleus The medial globus pallidus (or internal, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. The GABA-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex. The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis, then crosses the internal capsule as the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus and constitutes the Forel's field H2, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002477 UBERON:MA_0002768-FMA_61840 entopeduncular nucleus entopeduncular nucleus (monakow) globus pallidus inernal segment globus pallidus internal segment globus pallidus internus globus pallidus medial segment globus pallidus medialis globus pallidus, medial segment http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif/200px-Brain_structure.gif internal globus pallidus internal pallidum internal part of globus pallidus medial pallidal segment medial part of globus pallidus medial segment of globus pallidus mesial pallidum pallidum I pallidus I pars medialis globi pallidi uberon MA:0002768 entopeduncular nucleus BTO:0002248 globus pallidus medialis MA:0002768 globus pallidus medial segment MA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555 internal part of globus pallidus MA:0002768 globus pallidus inernal segment FMA:61840 FMA:TA pars medialis globi pallidi NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555 internal pallidum The medial globus pallidus (or internal, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. The GABA-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex. The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis, then crosses the internal capsule as the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus and constitutes the Forel's field H2, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_globus_pallidus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555 medial segment of globus pallidus orbitosphenoid AAO:0000345 EMAPA:18719 FMA:52869 MA:0002773 One of two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points. SCTID:361737003 TAO:0000253 UBERON:0002478 UBERON:MA_0002773-ZFA_0000253 VHOG:0001153 ZFA:0000253 ala minor (os sphenoidale) alæ parvæ ingrassia's process lesser wing of sphenoid lesser wing of sphenoid bone lesser wing of sphenoidal bone uberon MA:0002773 lesser wing of sphenoid bone FMA:52869 lesser wing of sphenoidal bone One of two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points. Wikipedia:Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone FMA:52869 lesser wing of sphenoid FMA:52869 ala minor (os sphenoidale) FMA:52869 ingrassia's process Wikipedia:Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone alæ parvæ ZFA dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ABA:LGd BM:GLd FMA:62214 MA:0002775 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1595 UBERON:0002479 UBERON:MA_0002775-FMA_62214 dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body lateral geniculate complex, dorsal part nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars dorsalis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1595 nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars dorsalis FMA:62214 FMA:TA nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis MA:0002775 dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body ventral lateral geniculate nucleus ABA:LGv BM:LGv FMA:62215 MA:0002776 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 UBERON:0002480 UBERON:MA_0002776-FMA_62215 corpus geniculatum externum, nucleus accessorius corpus geniculatum laterale, pars oralis dorsal_nucleus_of_lateral_geniculate_body griseum praegeniculatum lateral geniculate complex, ventral part lateral geniculate complex, ventral part (kolliker) lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral part nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, pars ventralis nucleus praegeniculatus nucleus pregeniculatum nucleus pregeniculatus nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis praegeniculatum pregeniculate nucleus uberon ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 lateral geniculate complex, ventral part (kolliker) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 griseum praegeniculatum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 praegeniculatum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, pars ventralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 corpus geniculatum externum, nucleus accessorius MA:0002776 ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 dorsal_nucleus_of_lateral_geniculate_body NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 nucleus praegeniculatus FMA:62215 FMA:TA nucleus pregeniculatus FMA:62215 FMA:TA nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 nucleus pregeniculatum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 corpus geniculatum laterale, pars oralis bone tissue FMA:224804 MA:0002780 MESH:A.02.835.232 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts[VSAO]. UBERON:0002481 UBERON:MA_0002780-FMA_224804 VSAO:0000047 ZFA:0005621 calcium tissue galen:BoneTissue ncithesaurus:Bone_Tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue uberon VSAO VSAO:curator osteogenic tissue Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts[VSAO]. VSAO:0000047 Wikipedia:Bone_tissue lamellar bone Bone tissue that has a regular parallel alignment of collagen into sheets (lamellae) and is mechanically strong. FMA:224806 MA:0002781 UBERON:0002482 UBERON:MA_0002781-FMA_224806 galen:LamellarBone histological classification, lamellar vs woven. Note that only FMA has woven uberon Bone tissue that has a regular parallel alignment of collagen into sheets (lamellae) and is mechanically strong. Wikipedia:Bone#Woven_or_lamellar trabecular bone tissue BTO:0001700 Cancellous bone, synonymous with trabecular bone or spongy bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compared to compact bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue, it has a higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff. It typically occupies the interior region of bones. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. Its Latin name is substantia spongiosa or substantia spongiosa ossium. The words cancellous and trabecular refer to the tiny, lattice-shaped that form the tissue. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:24019 MA:0002782 UBERON:0002483 UBERON:MA_0002782-FMA_24019 cancellated bone cancellous bone cancellous bone tissue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Illu_compact_spongy_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_compact_spongy_bone.jpg one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compared to compact bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue, it has a higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff. It typically occurs at the ends of long bones, proximal to joints and within the interior of vertebrae. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. spongy bone spongy bone tissue substantia spongiosa substantia spongiosa ossium substantia trabecularis ossium trabecular bone trabecular substance uberon BTO:0001700 cancellated bone FMA:24019 MA:0002782 cancellous bone Cancellous bone, synonymous with trabecular bone or spongy bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compared to compact bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue, it has a higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff. It typically occupies the interior region of bones. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. Its Latin name is substantia spongiosa or substantia spongiosa ossium. The words cancellous and trabecular refer to the tiny, lattice-shaped that form the tissue. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone substantia spongiosa BTO:0001700 substantia trabecularis ossium Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone substantia spongiosa ossium BTO:0001700 trabecular substance bone marrow cavity AO notes: not clear if the FMA intends to have two classes. MP:0000065: "the medullary cavities of the bones." FMA:75147 FMA:83698 MA:0002783 UBERON:0002484 UBERON:MA_0002783-FMA_75147 cavity of cancellous bone marrow cavity medullary cavity the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity. Located in the main shaft (cortical bone) of a long bone (diaphysis) (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed of spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum) uberon FMA:83698 marrow cavity Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_cavity the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity. Located in the main shaft (cortical bone) of a long bone (diaphysis) (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed of spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum) FMA:83698 medullary cavity prostate duct FMA:19580 MA:0002785 SCTID:362276000 UBERON:0002485 UBERON:MA_0002785-FMA_19580 duct of prostate duct of prostate gland ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Duct prostate duct prostate gland duct prostatic duct the minute canals that pass the prostatic secretions to the urethra. uberon MP:0009734 the minute canals that pass the prostatic secretions to the urethra. PMID:18977204 glottis AAO:0010610 BTO:0001627 FMA:55414 GAID:343 MA:0002788 MESH:A.04.329.364 SCTID:264482000 The glottis is defined as the combination of the vocal folds and the space in between the folds. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002486 UBERON:MA_0002788-FMA_55414 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arytenoid_cartilage.png/200px-Arytenoid_cartilage.png ncithesaurus:Glottis uberon The glottis is defined as the combination of the vocal folds and the space in between the folds. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Glottis tooth cavity . FMA:55660 MA:0002792 MESH:A.14.254.900.265 SCTID:362105008 UBERON:0002487 UBERON:MA_0002792-FMA_55660 cavitas dentis cavitas pulparis cavity of tooth pulp cavity pulp cavity of tooth tooth pulp cavity uberon MA:0002792 tooth pulp cavity MA:0002792 cavity of tooth FMA:55660 FMA:TA cavitas pulparis . Wikipedia:Tooth_cavity helix . FMA:60992 MA:0002793 OpenCyc:Mx4rwRDEk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279607004 UBERON:0002488 UBERON:MA_0002793-FMA_60992 helical part of pinna helix (auricula) helix of auricle of ear helix of ear helix of pinna ncithesaurus:Helix uberon . Wikipedia:Helix coronal suture EMAPA:19225 FMA:52928 MA:0002795 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2eGHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244510008 The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002489 UBERON:MA_0002795-FMA_52928 coronal suture of skull fronto-parietal suture http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gray188-Coronal_suture.png/200px-Gray188-Coronal_suture.png sutura coronalis uberon GO Wikipedia:Coronal_suture sutura coronalis PMID:11784098 fronto-parietal suture The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Coronal_suture frontal suture EMAPA:19226 FMA:52989 MA:0002796 SCTID:136854008 The frontal suture is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. It usually disappears by the age of six, with the two halves of the frontal bone being fused together. If it does not disappear it may be called a 'metopic suture' or 'sutura frontalis persistens. ' If the suture is not present at birth (craniosynostosis) it will cause a keel-shaped deformity of the skull called 'trigonocephaly. ' It is present in a fetal skull so that the skull can bend and is very elastic at the time of birth. The baby's head literally bends when coming out of the mother's womb. The space is filled as the child grows older. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002490 UBERON:MA_0002796-FMA_52989 frontal suture of skull http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gray134.png/200px-Gray134.png metopic suture sutura frontalis sutura frontalis sutura metopica uberon FMA:52989 FMA:TA sutura metopica Wikipedia:Frontal_suture sutura frontalis The frontal suture is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. It usually disappears by the age of six, with the two halves of the frontal bone being fused together. If it does not disappear it may be called a 'metopic suture' or 'sutura frontalis persistens. ' If the suture is not present at birth (craniosynostosis) it will cause a keel-shaped deformity of the skull called 'trigonocephaly. ' It is present in a fetal skull so that the skull can bend and is very elastic at the time of birth. The baby's head literally bends when coming out of the mother's womb. The space is filled as the child grows older. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Frontal_suture Wikipedia:Frontal_suture sutura frontalis MA:0002796 metopic suture lambdoid suture EMAPA:19227 FMA:52933 MA:0002797 SCTID:361830007 The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone. Its name comes from its lambda-like shape. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002491 UBERON:MA_0002797-FMA_52933 lambdoid suture of skull lambdoidal suture sutura lambdoidea uberon MA:0002797 lambdoidal suture The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone. Its name comes from its lambda-like shape. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture GO Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture sutura lambdoidea Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture sutura lambdoidea sagittal suture EMAPA:19224 FMA:52929 MA:0002798 SCTID:244511007 The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. If certain bones of the skull grow too fast then 'premature closure' of the sutures may occur. This can result in skull deformities. If the sagittal suture closes early the skull becomes long, narrow, and wedge-shaped, a condition called 'scaphocephaly. ' Two anatomical landmarks are found on the sagittal suture: the bregma and the vertex of the skull. The bregma is formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures, and the vertex is the highest point on the skull and is many times near the midpoint of the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture is also known as the 'interparietal suture' and the 'sutura interparietalis. ' The term is derived from the Latin word Sagitta, meaning 'arrow'. The derivation of this term may be demonstrated by observing how the sagittal suture is notched posteriorly, like an arrow, by the lambdoid suture. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002492 UBERON:MA_0002798-FMA_52929 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kort-lang-skalle.gif/200px-Kort-lang-skalle.gif sagittal suture of skull sutura sagittalis uberon Wikipedia:Sagittal_suture sutura sagittalis The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. If certain bones of the skull grow too fast then 'premature closure' of the sutures may occur. This can result in skull deformities. If the sagittal suture closes early the skull becomes long, narrow, and wedge-shaped, a condition called 'scaphocephaly. ' Two anatomical landmarks are found on the sagittal suture: the bregma and the vertex of the skull. The bregma is formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures, and the vertex is the highest point on the skull and is many times near the midpoint of the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture is also known as the 'interparietal suture' and the 'sutura interparietalis. ' The term is derived from the Latin word Sagitta, meaning 'arrow'. The derivation of this term may be demonstrated by observing how the sagittal suture is notched posteriorly, like an arrow, by the lambdoid suture. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sagittal_suture uterine artery FMA:18829 MA:0002799 SCTID:244300003 The uterine artery is an artery in females that supplies blood to the uterus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002493 UBERON:MA_0002799-FMA_18829 arteria uterina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gray1170.png/200px-Gray1170.png uberon Wikipedia:Uterine_artery arteria uterina The uterine artery is an artery in females that supplies blood to the uterus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Uterine_artery papillary muscle EHDAA:8655 FMA:12154 GAID:175 In anatomy, the papillary muscles of the heart serve to limit the movements of the mitral and tricuspid valves. These muscles contract to tighten the chordae tendineae, which in turn prevent inversion. This occurs in response to pressure gradients. Instead they brace the valves against the high pressure, preventing regurgitation of ventricular blood back into the atrial cavities. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002800 MESH:A.02.633.580.680 OpenCyc:Mx4rDid0jLYYEduAAAACs2IKfQ SCTID:279329009 UBERON:0002494 UBERON:MA_0002800-FMA_12154 VHOG:0001392 galen:PapillaryMuscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Papillary_muscles.png/200px-Papillary_muscles.png musculus papillaris ncithesaurus:Papillary_Muscle papillary muscle of ventricle uberon ventricular papillary muscle ventricule papillary muscle MA:0002800 papillary muscle of ventricle In anatomy, the papillary muscles of the heart serve to limit the movements of the mitral and tricuspid valves. These muscles contract to tighten the chordae tendineae, which in turn prevent inversion. This occurs in response to pressure gradients. Instead they brace the valves against the high pressure, preventing regurgitation of ventricular blood back into the atrial cavities. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Papillary_muscle MA:0002800 ventricular papillary muscle Wikipedia:Papillary_muscle musculus papillaris long bone BTO:0004256 Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251] FMA:7474 Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO]. MA:0002802 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:332709000 UBERON:0002495 UBERON:MA_0002802-FMA_7474 galen:LongBone ncithesaurus:Long_Bone uberon Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO]. VSAO:wd Wikipedia:Long_bone stapes base EHDAA:5143 EHDAA:6096 FMA:52769 MA:0002804 SCTID:279685009 UBERON:0002496 UBERON:MA_0002804-FMA_52769 base of stapes footplate stapes footplate uberon MA:0002804 stapes footplate MA:0002804 base of stapes acromion AAO:0000826 EMAPA:25119 FMA:23260 GAID:187 MA:0002805 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.783.261 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmrF8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa. SCTID:181911000 UBERON:0002497 UBERON:MA_0002805-FMA_23260 VSAO:0005067 acromion of the scapula acromion process http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gray206.png/200px-Gray206.png ncithesaurus:Acromion scapular acromion uberon Wikipedia:Acromion acromion of the scapula VSAO:0005067 acromion process Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa. VSAO:0005067 Wikipedia:Acromion FMA VSAO:0005067 scapular acromion deltoid tuberosity EMAPA:25052 FMA:23418 MA:0002808 The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002498 UBERON:MA_0002808-FMA_23418 deltoid crest deltoid eminence deltoid impression deltoid process deltoid tuberosity of humerus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/HumerusFront.png/200px-HumerusFront.png tuberositas deltoidea tuberositas deltoidea (corpus humeri) tuberositas deltoidea humeri uberon FMA:23418 deltoid tuberosity of humerus MP:0004353 deltoid crest The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity tuberositas deltoidea humeri MP:0004353 deltoid process FMA:23418 FMA:TA tuberositas deltoidea MP:0004353 deltoid eminence MP:0004353 deltoid impression cochlear labyrinth BTO:0004686 FMA:61259 For more uses of the word labyrinth, see Labyrinth (disambiguation) The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur, because of its appearance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0002809 UBERON:0002499 UBERON:MA_0002809-FMA_61259 WP - The labyrinth can be divided by layer or by region. Bony vs. membranous / Vestibular vs. cochlear http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Labyrinth uberon For more uses of the word labyrinth, see Labyrinth (disambiguation) The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur, because of its appearance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cochlear_labyrinth zygomatic arch FMA:53120 MA:0002810 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.995 OpenCyc:Mx4rvih1YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:272682006 The zygomatic arch or cheek bone is formed by the zygomatic process of temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture; the tendon of the Temporalis passes medial to the arch to gain insertion into the coronoid process of the mandible. The term zygomatic derives from the Latin zyosislymore meaning malar bone or cheekbone. The zygomatic arch is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term usually refers to the zygomatic bone or occasionally the zygomatic process. The zygomatic process of the temporal arises by two roots: an anterior, directed inward in front of the mandibular fossa, where it expands to form the articular tubercle. a posterior, which runs backward above the external acoustic meatus and is continuous with the supramastoid crest. The upper border of the arch gives attachment to the temporal fascia; the lower border and medial surface give origin to the Masseter. The zygomatic arch is significant in evolutionary biology, as it is part of the structures derived from the ancestral single temporal fenestra of the synapsid ancestor of mammals. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002500 UBERON:MA_0002810-FMA_53120 arcus zygomaticus galen:Zygoma http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png/200px-Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png ncithesaurus:Zygomatic_Arch uberon zygoma The zygomatic arch or cheek bone is formed by the zygomatic process of temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture; the tendon of the Temporalis passes medial to the arch to gain insertion into the coronoid process of the mandible. The term zygomatic derives from the Latin zyosislymore meaning malar bone or cheekbone. The zygomatic arch is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term usually refers to the zygomatic bone or occasionally the zygomatic process. The zygomatic process of the temporal arises by two roots: an anterior, directed inward in front of the mandibular fossa, where it expands to form the articular tubercle. a posterior, which runs backward above the external acoustic meatus and is continuous with the supramastoid crest. The upper border of the arch gives attachment to the temporal fascia; the lower border and medial surface give origin to the Masseter. The zygomatic arch is significant in evolutionary biology, as it is part of the structures derived from the ancestral single temporal fenestra of the synapsid ancestor of mammals. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Zygomatic_arch Wikipedia:Zygomatic_arch arcus zygomaticus oval window FMA:56913 GAID:882 MA:0002813 MESH:A.09.246.631.909.551 The oval window (or vestibular window) is a membrane-covered opening which leads from the middle ear to the vestibule of the inner ear. Vibrations that come into contact with the tympanic membrane travel through the three ossicles and into the inner ear. The oval window is the intersection of the middle ear with the inner ear, and is directly contacted by the stapes; by the time vibrations reach the oval window, they have been amplified over twenty times from what they were when they contacted the tympanic membrane, a testament to the amplifying power of the middle ear. It is a reniform (kidney-shaped) opening leading from the tympanic cavity into the vestibule of the internal ear; its long diameter is horizontal, and its convex border is upward. In the recent state it is occupied by the base of the stapes, the circumference of which is fixed by the annular ligament to the margin of the foramen. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002501 UBERON:MA_0002813-FMA_56913 fenestra vestibuli, fenestra ovalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/200px-Gray911.png oval window of petrous part of temporal bone uberon vestibular window Wikipedia:Oval_window fenestra vestibuli, fenestra ovalis MA:0002813 vestibular window The oval window (or vestibular window) is a membrane-covered opening which leads from the middle ear to the vestibule of the inner ear. Vibrations that come into contact with the tympanic membrane travel through the three ossicles and into the inner ear. The oval window is the intersection of the middle ear with the inner ear, and is directly contacted by the stapes; by the time vibrations reach the oval window, they have been amplified over twenty times from what they were when they contacted the tympanic membrane, a testament to the amplifying power of the middle ear. It is a reniform (kidney-shaped) opening leading from the tympanic cavity into the vestibule of the internal ear; its long diameter is horizontal, and its convex border is upward. In the recent state it is occupied by the base of the stapes, the circumference of which is fixed by the annular ligament to the margin of the foramen. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Oval_window round window FMA:56932 GAID:878 MA:0002814 MESH:A.09.246.631.246.814 The round window is one of the two openings into the cochlea of the inner ear. It is closed off from the middle ear by the round window membrane, which vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering the cochlea through the oval window. It allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which in turn ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and that audition will occur. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002502 UBERON:MA_0002814-FMA_56932 cochlear window fenestra cochleae, fenestra rotunda http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/200px-Gray911.png round window of petrous part of temporal bone uberon MA:0002814 cochlear window Wikipedia:Round_window fenestra cochleae, fenestra rotunda The round window is one of the two openings into the cochlea of the inner ear. It is closed off from the middle ear by the round window membrane, which vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering the cochlea through the oval window. It allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which in turn ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and that audition will occur. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Round_window greater trochanter FMA:32852 MA:0002822 SCTID:182050001 The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater trochanters in the female. It has two surfaces and four borders. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002503 UBERON:MA_0002822-FMA_32852 galen:GreaterTrochanter greater trochanter of femur http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray243.png/200px-Gray243.png trochanter major uberon Wikipedia:Greater_trochanter trochanter major The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater trochanters in the female. It has two surfaces and four borders. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Greater_trochanter FMA lesser trochanter FMA:32853 MA:0002823 SCTID:182051002 The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002504 UBERON:MA_0002823-FMA_32853 galen:LesserTrochanter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray341.png/200px-Gray341.png lesser trochanter of femur ncithesaurus:Lesser_Trochanter trochanter minor uberon Wikipedia:Lesser_trochanter trochanter minor The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lesser_trochanter FMA spiral modiolar artery FMA:52312 MA:0002824 SCTID:149380004 UBERON:0002505 UBERON:MA_0002824-FMA_52312 the artery which parallels the spiral ganglion in the root of the spiral lamina of the modiolus, serving the ganglion and the cochlear duct and its contents. uberon MP:0004629 the artery which parallels the spiral ganglion in the root of the spiral lamina of the modiolus, serving the ganglion and the cochlear duct and its contents. iris epithelium An epithelium that is part of a iris [Obol]. FMA:58517 MA:0002826 UBERON:0002506 UBERON:MA_0002826-FMA_58517 epithelial tissue of iris epithelium of iris epithelium pigmentosum (iris) epithelium pigmentosum iridis iris epithelial tissue iris epithelium iris pigmented epithelium pigmented epithelium of iris uberon FMA:58517 epithelium pigmentosum (iris) FMA:58517 pigmented epithelium of iris FMA:58517 iris epithelium An epithelium that is part of a iris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA OBOL:automatic epithelium of iris FMA MA:0002826 iris pigmented epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of iris OBOL:automatic iris epithelial tissue FMA:58517 FMA:TA epithelium pigmentosum iridis abdominal lymph node A lymph node that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. FMA:12787 MA:0002827 SCTID:245342005 UBERON:0002507 UBERON:MA_0002827-FMA_12787 abdomen lymph node lymph node of abdomen uberon A lymph node that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic abdomen lymph node celiac lymph node FMA:12792 MA:0002828 SCTID:245343000 The visceral glands are associated with the branches of the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Those related to the branches of the celiac artery (the celiac lymph nodes) form three sets, gastric, hepatic, and pancreaticolienal. gastric lymph nodes hepatic lymph nodes splenic lymph nodes [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002508 UBERON:MA_0002828-FMA_12792 celiac node coeliac node http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gray613.png/200px-Gray613.png ncithesaurus:Celiac_Lymph_Node nodus lymphaticus coeliacus terminal ventral aortic node uberon The visceral glands are associated with the branches of the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Those related to the branches of the celiac artery (the celiac lymph nodes) form three sets, gastric, hepatic, and pancreaticolienal. gastric lymph nodes hepatic lymph nodes splenic lymph nodes [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Celiac_lymph_node mesenteric lymph node BTO:0000767 FMA:12795 MA:0002829 UBERON:0002509 UBERON:MA_0002829-FMA_12795 mesenteric node ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Lymph_Node nodi lymphoidei mesenterici the lymph nodes located in the mesentery, of which there are 3 classes: ileocolic, juxtaintestinal mesenteric, and central superior group. uberon MP:0005232 the lymph nodes located in the mesentery, of which there are 3 classes: ileocolic, juxtaintestinal mesenteric, and central superior group. BTO:0000767 nodi lymphoidei mesenterici anterior fontanel EMAPA:19199 FMA:75439 MA:0002830 The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth. While the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior is not completely closed until about the middle of the second year. Full ossification starts in the late twenties and finishes before the age of 50 . [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002510 UBERON:MA_0002830-FMA_75439 anterior fontanelle fonticulus anterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray197.png/200px-Gray197.png uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle fonticulus anterior The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth. While the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior is not completely closed until about the middle of the second year. Full ossification starts in the late twenties and finishes before the age of 50 . [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle FMA:75439 anterior fontanelle trabecula carnea EMAPA:18626 FMA:7269 MA:0002831 Note that WP states they are ventricular, but MP has classes for atrial ventricular carnea. The trabeculae carneae (columnae carneae, or fleshy beams), are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart.[1] They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right[1] and left atria only. They are of three kinds: * some are attached along their entire length on one side and merely form prominent ridges,* others are fixed at their extremities but free in the middle, * while a third set, the papillary muscles are continuous by their bases with the wall of the ventricle, while their apices give origin to the chordæ tendineæ which pass to be attached to the segments of both the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. The purpose of the trabeculae carneae is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart's ability to pump efficiently. The trabeculae carneae also serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves, that is, their bulging towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. So by the action of papillary muscles on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented[WP]. UBERON:0002511 UBERON:MA_0002831-FMA_7269 cardiac trabecula heart trabecula trabecula of heart trabeculae carneae cordis uberon ventricle trabecula carnea ventricular trabecula The trabeculae carneae (columnae carneae, or fleshy beams), are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart.[1] They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right[1] and left atria only. They are of three kinds: * some are attached along their entire length on one side and merely form prominent ridges,* others are fixed at their extremities but free in the middle, * while a third set, the papillary muscles are continuous by their bases with the wall of the ventricle, while their apices give origin to the chordæ tendineæ which pass to be attached to the segments of both the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. The purpose of the trabeculae carneae is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart's ability to pump efficiently. The trabeculae carneae also serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves, that is, their bulging towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. So by the action of papillary muscles on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented[WP]. Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae GO:0060347 heart trabecula MA:0002831 ventricular trabecula MA:0002831 ventricle trabecula carnea GO:0060347 cardiac trabecula Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae trabeculae carneae cordis corpus luteum BTO:0000292 EMAPA:29886 FMA:18619 GAID:369 MA:0002834 MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.278 SCTID:257943001 Taxon notes: maintains the endometrium in mammals[WP]. A corpus luteum is known in hagfish (100), Squalus (101), and salamander (100) but not lamprey (102). There are no data for Branchiostoma and Ciona, and given that they are multiple spawners, there is no a priori reason to conclude that they lack a corpus luteum[PMID:20959416] UBERON:0002512 UBERON:MA_0002834-FMA_18619 a transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID]. corpora lutea corpus luteum of ovary http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Folliclesinovary.jpg/200px-Folliclesinovary.jpg luteal gland ncithesaurus:Corpus_Luteum uberon MA PMID:20959416 MA BTO:0000292 luteal gland corpora lutea PMID:20959416 Wikipedia:Corpus_luteum a transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID]. endochondral bone AAO:0010776 AEO:0000083 BTO:0002157 EHDAA2:0003083 Replacement bone that forms within cartilage[TAO]. Endochondral ossification is the formation of bone by the replacement of cartilage tissue with mineralized bone[GO]. cartilage is present during endochondral ossification. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the length of long bones, and the natural healing of bone fractures[WP]. TAO:0001591 UBERON:0002513 UBERON:MA_0002836-ZFA_0001591 VSAO:0000145 XAO:0004018 ZFA:0001591 cartilaginous bone note that some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral. Editor notes: placement in this class to be inferred uberon BTO:0002157 cartilaginous bone VSAO GO:0001958 Replacement bone that forms within cartilage[TAO]. Endochondral ossification is the formation of bone by the replacement of cartilage tissue with mineralized bone[GO]. cartilage is present during endochondral ossification. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the length of long bones, and the natural healing of bone fractures[WP]. Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification VSAO intramembranous bone Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. TAO:0001644 UBERON:0002514 UBERON:MA_0002837-ZFA_0001635 ZFA:0001635 membrane bone uberon Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. GO:0001957 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification AEO:0000085 membrane bone periosteum BTO:0001022 FMA:24041 GAID:925 MA:0002838 MESH:A.10.165.265.746 Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones. Periosteum consists of dense irregular connective tissue. Periosteum is divided into an outer 'fibrous layer' and inner 'cambium layer' (or 'osteogenic layer'). The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the cambium layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of a long bone and the overall size of the other bone types. After a bone fracture the progenitor cells develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, which are essential to the healing process. As opposed to osseous tissue, periosteum has nociceptors nerve endings, making it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment by providing the blood supply. Periosteum is attached to bone by strong collagenous fibers called Sharpey's fibres, which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae. It also provides an attachment for muscles and tendons. Periosteum that covers the outer surface of the bones of the skull is known as 'pericranium'. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:33840008 UBERON:0002515 UBERON:MA_0002838-FMA_24041 galen:PeriOsteum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bone_growth.png/200px-Bone_growth.png ncithesaurus:Periosteum uberon Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones. Periosteum consists of dense irregular connective tissue. Periosteum is divided into an outer 'fibrous layer' and inner 'cambium layer' (or 'osteogenic layer'). The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the cambium layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of a long bone and the overall size of the other bone types. After a bone fracture the progenitor cells develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, which are essential to the healing process. As opposed to osseous tissue, periosteum has nociceptors nerve endings, making it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment by providing the blood supply. Periosteum is attached to bone by strong collagenous fibers called Sharpey's fibres, which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae. It also provides an attachment for muscles and tendons. Periosteum that covers the outer surface of the bones of the skull is known as 'pericranium'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Periosteum epiphyseal plate BTO:0000412 EMAPA:25059 EMAPA:25062 EMAPA:25065 EMAPA:25068 EMAPA:25071 FMA:75427 GAID:191 MA:0002839 MESH:A.02.835.232.251.352 SCTID:84349008 UBERON:0002516 UBERON:MA_0002839-FMA_75427 a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line. cartilago epiphysialis editor note: consider splitting this class into the epiphyseal plates of long bones and vertebrae epiphyseal cartilage epiphyseal disk epiphyseal growth disk epiphyseal growth plate epiphyseal growth plate cartilage epiphysial plate growth plate lamina epiphysialis long bone epiphyseal plate physis uberon Wikipedia:Epiphyseal_plate a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line. BTO:0000412 epiphyseal disk MA:0002839 long bone epiphyseal plate MA:0002839 growth plate Wikipedia:Epiphyseal_plate lamina epiphysialis BTO:0000412 epiphyseal growth disk BTO:0000412 cartilago epiphysialis FMA:75427 epiphysial plate BTO:0000412 physis basicranium FMA:52801 MA:0002840 MESH:A.01.456.830 SCTID:181890004 The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. The skull base is formed from a series of cartilages either side of, and rostral to, the notochord, whose tip lies just caudal to the pituitary gland. It is closely associated with the sensory capsules, which partially or completely sur- round the olfactory epithelium, the eye, and the inner ear[PMID:11523816] UBERON:0002517 UBERON:MA_0002840-FMA_52801 base of skull basis cranii basis cranii cranial base http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/200px-Gray193.png ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Skull uberon The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. Wikipedia:Base_of_skull FMA:52801 FMA:TA basis cranii MA:0002840 cranial base Wikipedia:Base_of_skull basis cranii otolith organ EFO:0003539 GAID:883 MA:0002841 TAO:0000559 UBERON:0002518 UBERON:MA_0002841-ZFA_0000559 ZFA:0000559 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg otolith organs saccule or utricle. uberon ZFA:0000559 otolith organs Wikipedia:Otolith_organ saccule or utricle. otolithic membrane FMA:75573 GAID:884 MA:0002842 MESH:A.09.246.631.909.625.125.680 SCTID:362571006 UBERON:0002519 UBERON:MA_0002842-FMA_75573 a gelatinous membrane located in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear, and plays an essential role in the brain's interpretation of equilibrium. Both the saccular macula and utricular macula are covered by an otolithic membrane. The membrane is composed of crystalline particles of calcium carbonate called otoliths. When the head is moved the otoliths shift, causing cilia in the nearby saccule and utricle to distort. This produces nerve signals which are sent to the brain, which then uses them to establish its sense of balance. The embedded crystals are very and dense and make the density of the otolithic membrane higher than that of the endolymph surrounding it. When the head accelerates along a line or tilts to change its orientation to gravity, the otolithic membrane shifts relative to the bone supporting the maculae. This shift bends the hair cells whose processes are embedded in the otolithic membrane.[WP]. membrana statoconiorum otolith layer of statoconial membrane uberon FMA:75573 otolith layer of statoconial membrane Wikipedia:Otolithic_membrane a gelatinous membrane located in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear, and plays an essential role in the brain's interpretation of equilibrium. Both the saccular macula and utricular macula are covered by an otolithic membrane. The membrane is composed of crystalline particles of calcium carbonate called otoliths. When the head is moved the otoliths shift, causing cilia in the nearby saccule and utricle to distort. This produces nerve signals which are sent to the brain, which then uses them to establish its sense of balance. The embedded crystals are very and dense and make the density of the otolithic membrane higher than that of the endolymph surrounding it. When the head accelerates along a line or tilts to change its orientation to gravity, the otolithic membrane shifts relative to the bone supporting the maculae. This shift bends the hair cells whose processes are embedded in the otolithic membrane.[WP]. FMA:75573 FMA:TA membrana statoconiorum submandibular lymph node BTO:0000769 FMA:61224 MA:0002843 SCTID:245319003 The submandibular lymph nodes (submaxillary glands in older texts), three to six in number, are placed beneath the body of the mandible in the submaxillary triangle, and rest on the superficial surface of the submaxillary salivary gland. One gland, the middle gland of Stahr, which lies on the external maxillary artery as it turns over the mandible, is the most constant of the series; small lymph glands are sometimes found on the deep surface of the submaxillary salivary glands. The afferents of the submaxillary glands drain the medial palpebral commissure, the cheek, the side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums, and the anterior part of the margin of the tongue. Efferent vessels from the facial and submental glands also enter the submaxillary glands. Their efferent vessels pass to the superior deep cervical glands. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002520 UBERON:MA_0002843-FMA_61224 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Illu_quiz_hn_03.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_03.jpg level ib neck node ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Lymph_Node nodi lymphoidei submandibulares submandibular node uberon BTO:0000769 nodi lymphoidei submandibulares The submandibular lymph nodes (submaxillary glands in older texts), three to six in number, are placed beneath the body of the mandible in the submaxillary triangle, and rest on the superficial surface of the submaxillary salivary gland. One gland, the middle gland of Stahr, which lies on the external maxillary artery as it turns over the mandible, is the most constant of the series; small lymph glands are sometimes found on the deep surface of the submaxillary salivary glands. The afferents of the submaxillary glands drain the medial palpebral commissure, the cheek, the side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums, and the anterior part of the margin of the tongue. Efferent vessels from the facial and submental glands also enter the submaxillary glands. Their efferent vessels pass to the superior deep cervical glands. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submandibular_lymph_node elastic tissue Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan. Elastic tissue is classified as 'connective tissue proper'. The elastic fiber is formed from the elastic microfibril and amorphous elastin. The microfibril scaffolds and organizes the deposition of amorphous elastin. Amorphous elastin forms from monomers of soluble tropoelastin which is insolubilized and crosslinked into amorphous elastin by lysyl oxidase. Lysyl oxidase reacts with specific lysine residues and by oxidative deamination generates reactive aldehydes and allysine. These reactive aldehydes and allysines can react with lysine and other allysine residues to crosslink and form desmosine, isodesmosine, and a number of other polyfunctional crosslinks that join surrounding elastin molecules to build an elastin matrix and elastic fiber. These unique crosslinks are responsible for elastin's elasticity. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:20113 GAID:926 MA:0002853 MESH:A.10.165.400 SCTID:27197004 UBERON:0002521 UBERON:MA_0002853-FMA_20113 elastic connective tissue textus connectivus elasticus uberon Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan. Elastic tissue is classified as 'connective tissue proper'. The elastic fiber is formed from the elastic microfibril and amorphous elastin. The microfibril scaffolds and organizes the deposition of amorphous elastin. Amorphous elastin forms from monomers of soluble tropoelastin which is insolubilized and crosslinked into amorphous elastin by lysyl oxidase. Lysyl oxidase reacts with specific lysine residues and by oxidative deamination generates reactive aldehydes and allysine. These reactive aldehydes and allysines can react with lysine and other allysine residues to crosslink and form desmosine, isodesmosine, and a number of other polyfunctional crosslinks that join surrounding elastin molecules to build an elastin matrix and elastic fiber. These unique crosslinks are responsible for elastin's elasticity. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Elastic_fiber tunica media BTO:0002011 FMA:55590 GAID:170 MA:0002855 MESH:A.02.633.570.491.800 SCTID:61695000 The tunica media (or just media) (middle coat) is the middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002522 UBERON:MA_0002855-FMA_55590 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg/200px-Illu_artery.jpg ncithesaurus:Tunica_Media todo - check BTO tunica media vasorum uberon ncithesaurus MA BTO:0002011 tunica media vasorum The tunica media (or just media) (middle coat) is the middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tunica_media Wikipedia:Tunica_media tunica media vasorum tunica intima BTO:0002012 FMA:55589 GAID:523 MA:0002861 MESH:A.07.231.330.800 SCTID:8361002 The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002523 UBERON:MA_0002861-FMA_55589 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg/200px-Illu_artery.jpg ncithesaurus:Tunica_Intima todo - check BTO tunica intima vasorum uberon MA The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tunica_intima BTO:0002012 tunica intima vasorum mediastinal lymph node A lymph node that is part of a mediastinum. Each consists of several lymph node groups, especially along the trachea (5 groups), along the esophagus and between the lung and the diaphragm. In the mediastinal lymph nodes arises lymphatic ducts, which draines the lymph to the left subclavian vein (to the venous angle in the confluence of the subclavian and deep jugular veins). The mediastinal lymph nodes along the esophagus are in tight connection with the abdominal lymph nodes along the esophagus and the stomach. That fact facilitates spreading of tumors cells through these lymphatics in cases of cancers of the stomach and particularly of the esophagus. Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle. EFO:0001670 FMA:12774 MA:0002877 SCTID:181760002 UBERON:0002524 UBERON:MA_0002877-FMA_12774 mediastinal node ncithesaurus:Mediastinal_Lymph_Node uberon A lymph node that is part of a mediastinum. Each consists of several lymph node groups, especially along the trachea (5 groups), along the esophagus and between the lung and the diaphragm. In the mediastinal lymph nodes arises lymphatic ducts, which draines the lymph to the left subclavian vein (to the venous angle in the confluence of the subclavian and deep jugular veins). The mediastinal lymph nodes along the esophagus are in tight connection with the abdominal lymph nodes along the esophagus and the stomach. That fact facilitates spreading of tumors cells through these lymphatics in cases of cancers of the stomach and particularly of the esophagus. Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle. Obol:automatic Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Lymph_nodes_of_the_thorax FMA brachial lymph node FMA:44314 MA:0002878 UBERON:0002525 UBERON:MA_0002878-FMA_44314 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray607.png/200px-Gray607.png ncithesaurus:Brachial_Lymph_Node nodi lymphoidei brachiales the lymph nodes located along the brachial vein that receive drainage from most of the free upper limb and send efferent vessels to the central axillary lymph nodes. uberon Wikipedia:Brachial_lymph_nodes nodi lymphoidei brachiales MP:0005231 Wikipedia:Brachial_lymph_nodes the lymph nodes located along the brachial vein that receive drainage from most of the free upper limb and send efferent vessels to the central axillary lymph nodes. lumbar lymph node FMA:84599 MA:0002879 SCTID:281412000 UBERON:0002526 UBERON:MA_0002879-FMA_84599 uberon pancreatic lymph node A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Obol]. FMA:16626 MA:0002881 SCTID:276170003 UBERON:0002527 UBERON:MA_0002881-FMA_16626 lymph node of pancreas ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Lymph_Node pancreas lymph node pancreatic node pyloric lymph node uberon A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0002881 pyloric lymph node OBOL:automatic lymph node of pancreas OBOL:automatic pancreas lymph node sacral lymph node FMA:16655 MA:0002883 SCTID:279797001 UBERON:0002528 UBERON:MA_0002883-FMA_16655 ncithesaurus:Sacral_Lymph_Node sacral node uberon limb segment A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. FMA:241863 MA:0002889 UBERON:0002529 UBERON:MA_0002889-FMA_9661 free limb segment limb region note FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z region of limb segment of limb subdivision of limb uberon A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. UBERON:cjm FMA:241863 free limb segment gland A gland is an organ in an animal's body that synthesizes a substance for release such as hormones or breast milk, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). A gland is an organ specialised for secretion[GO]. AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 Druese EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EHDAA:2181 EHDAA:2967 EHDAA:4475 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:18425 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:134358001 UBERON:0002530 UBERON:MIAA_0000021 galen:Gland glandula ncithesaurus:Gland none of the major model vertebrate ontologies have a class called gland. Is this class superfluous? Also GO says secretion by tissue. uberon Wikipedia:Gland glandula BTO:0000522 glandula A gland is an organ in an animal's body that synthesizes a substance for release such as hormones or breast milk, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). A gland is an organ specialised for secretion[GO]. Wikipedia:Gland BTO:0000522 Druese fin bud EFO:0003468 MAT:0000062 MIAA:0000062 TAO:0001383 UBERON:0002531 UBERON:MIAA_0000062-ZFA_0001383 VSAO:0000179 ZFA:0001383 the mesenchymal outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin[MP, modified]. uberon UBERON:cjm the mesenchymal outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin[MP, modified]. definitional epiblast BTO:0004593 In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] MAT:0000067 MIAA:0000067 MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class UBERON:0002532 UBERON:MIAA_0000067-ZFA_0000018 VHOG:0000243 blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm uberon Wikipedia:Epiblast epiblastus MP:0003886 ectoblast VHOG:0000243 primitive ectoderm In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] Wikipedia:Epiblast ZFIN:curator tail bud AAO:0011104 BTO:0001445 EFO:0002748 EHDAA2:0001976 EHDAA:1595 EMAPA:16580 Editor notes: See notes from UBERONREF:0000002 MAT:0000070 MIAA:0000070 TAO:0000077 The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node. UBERON:0002533 UBERON:MIAA_0000070-XAO_0000107-ZFA_0000077 VHOG:0000201 XAO:0000107 ZFA:0000077 end bud tail bud mesenchyme tailbud uberon BTO:0001445 end bud ZFA:0000077 tail bud mesenchyme BTO:0001445 The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node. paired fin Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism. TAO:0002278 UBERON:0002534 UBERON:MIAA_0000087-XAO_0000002-ZFA_0000108 ZFA:0005596 pelvic/pectoral fin uberon UBERON:cjm pelvic/pectoral fin ZFA ZFA Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism. TAO:wd gill Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. MESH:A.13.421 UBERON:0002535 this term potentially applicable across multiple metazoa - see also the subclass 'pharyngeal arch derived gill' uberon Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. Wikipedia:Gill arthropod sensillum BTO:0001237 EFO:0000939 FBbt:00007152 HAO:0000933 MAT:0000163 MIAA:0000163 Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt] TGMA:0000540 UBERON:0002536 UBERON:MIAA_0000163-WBbt_0006929 sensillum uberon FBbt:00007152 Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt] Wikipedia:Sensillum FBbt:00007152 HAO:0000933 sensillum hermaphrodite gonad BTO:0000981 EFO:0000971 MAT:0000165 MIAA:0000165 UBERON:0002537 UBERON:MIAA_0000165-WBbt_0005178 WBbt:0005178 a gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects[WP]. glandula hermaphroditica hermaphrodite genitalia hermaphrodite gland ovotestis uberon Wikipedia:Ovotestis#In_gastropods hermaphrodite gland GO:0040035 hermaphrodite genitalia BTO:0000981 ovotestis Wikipedia:Ovotestis#In_gastropods glandula hermaphroditica Wikipedia:Ovotestis a gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects[WP]. hatching gland AAO:0011050 BTO:0000558 EFO:0000863 MAT:0000180 MIAA:0000180 TAO:0000026 The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0002538 UBERON:MIAA_0000180-XAO_0000034-ZFA_0000026 VHOG:0000078 XAO:0000034 ZFA:0000026 frontal gland hgg uberon The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> ZFIN:curator GO pharyngeal arch AAO:0010359 BTO:0001785 EFO:0000959 EHDAA:571 EMAPA:16117 GAID:1292 MAT:0000242 MESH:A.16.254.160 MIAA:0000242 Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches SCTID:308766004 TAO:0001306 UBERON:0002539 UBERON:MIAA_0000242-XAO_0000096-ZFA_0001306 VHOG:0000155 VSAO:0000149 XAO:0000096 ZFA:0001306 arcus pharyngei branchial arch http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray41.png/200px-Gray41.png ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Arch pharyngeal arches uberon visceral arch PMID:16313389 BTO:0001785 MP:0002884 branchial arch Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch arcus pharyngei EHDAA2 PMID:16313389 UBERONREF:0000002 pharyngeal arches NLM:branchial+arch One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches PMID:16313389 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch lateral line system AAO:0000269 AAO:0000975 EFO:0000941 MAT:0000249 MIAA:0000249 TAO:0000034 UBERON:0002540 UBERON:MIAA_0000249-XAO_0000095-ZFA_0000034 VHOG:0001243 XAO:0000095 ZFA:0000034 a line of neuroblasts along the sides of fish and amphibia that detect vibrations and pressure changes. lateral line stitches lateral-line organs ll uberon ISBN:0471209627 ISBN:0815318960 Wikipedia:Lateral_line_system a line of neuroblasts along the sides of fish and amphibia that detect vibrations and pressure changes. germ ring AAO:0000211 EFO:0003427 MAT:0000255 MIAA:0000255 TAO:0000111 The thickend rim of the blastoderm evident during late blastula and gastrula stages[FishBase]. Embryonic structure which is a uniform thickened annulus at the blastoderm margin, consisting of two layers in addition to the EVL, the epiblast and the hypoblast. The germ ring is formed by the involution of the blastoderm back upon itself[ZFA] UBERON:0002541 UBERON:MIAA_0000255-ZFA_0000111 ZFA:0000111 todo - check timing of appearance and disappearance - check relationship with primitive streak. he blastopore lips in amphibians appear to have the equivalent function of the germ ring in zebrafish (ES) uberon The thickend rim of the blastoderm evident during late blastula and gastrula stages[FishBase]. Embryonic structure which is a uniform thickened annulus at the blastoderm margin, consisting of two layers in addition to the EVL, the epiblast and the hypoblast. The germ ring is formed by the involution of the blastoderm back upon itself[ZFA] http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=germ%20ring scale A small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran (butterfly and moth) species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times with varying structure and function. BTO:0005055 EFO:0000960 HAO:0000907 MAT:0000257 MIAA:0000257 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002542 UBERON:MIAA_0000257-ZFA_0000277 Usage notes: currently defined in a very inclusive fashion - may be obsoleted and replaced by more specific classes in future versions. The TAO, VSAO amd ZFA classes by this name are classified as 'dermal scales' scales uberon A small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran (butterfly and moth) species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times with varying structure and function. Wikipedia:Scale_(zoology) median fin skeleton Mistakenly placed in uberon, should remain domain of TAO for now Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism. UBERON:0002543 UBERON:MIAA_0000277-ZFA_0001123 axial fin skeleton true uberon unpaired fin skeleton Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism. TAO:wd ZFA:0001123 unpaired fin skeleton TAO:0001123 axial fin skeleton digit EFO:0000881 FMA:85518 MA:0000690 MAT:0000285 MIAA:0000285 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzLD_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361367007 UBERON:0002544 UBERON:MIAA_0000285-XAO_0003035-XAO_0003036 VHOG:0000944 XAO:0003032 galen:Digit limb digit ncithesaurus:Digit one of several most distal parts of a limb, such as fingers or toes, present in many vertebrates[WP]. todo homology ZFA:0001588-pectoral fin distal radial. Note: This term is a GAT in FMA. Note: we elect to place a strict taxon constraint on this class - this is controversial, and may be weakened later on - see [Wikipedia:Digit_(anatomy)#Evolution]. uberon MA:0000690 limb digit Wikipedia:Digit_(anatomy) one of several most distal parts of a limb, such as fingers or toes, present in many vertebrates[WP]. body ganglion EFO:0000901 MAT:0000344 MIAA:0000344 UBERON:0002545 UBERON:MIAA_0000344-WBbt_0005332 true trunk ganglion uberon cranial placode AAO:0010466 Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic Editor note: to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge. Terminological notes: The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. Taxon notes: Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons[PMID:11523831]. MAT:0000369 MIAA:0000369 UBERON:0002546 UBERON:MIAA_0000369-XAO_0000305 XAO:0000305 placode uberon Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic UBERON:cjm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175/ https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/4 cjm Wikipedia:Placode placode tadpole A an organism at the larval stage BTO:0001347 MAT:0000370 MIAA:0000370 UBERON:0002547 UBERON:MIAA_0000370-MIAA_0000400-XAO_1000008 tadpole stage uberon A an organism at the larval stage UBERON:cjm larva AEO:0000126 BTO:0000707 FBbt:00001727 HAO:0000459 MIAA:0000400 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies. TODO: discriminate between stages and organisms UBERON:0002548 UBERON:MIAA_0000400-FBbt_00001727 a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. ammocoete bipinnaria caterpillar glochidium grub leptocephalus maggot naiad naupilus nymph planula tadpole trochophore uberon veliger wriggler zoea Wikipedia:Larva tadpole Wikipedia:Larva bipinnaria Wikipedia:Larva planula Wikipedia:Larva wriggler Wikipedia:Larva veliger Wikipedia:Larva zoea Wikipedia:Larva maggot Wikipedia:Larva glochidium Wikipedia:Larva naiad Wikipedia:Larva leptocephalus Wikipedia:Larva nymph Wikipedia:Larva a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Wikipedia:Larva ammocoete Wikipedia:Larva caterpillar Wikipedia:Larva grub Wikipedia:Larva naupilus Wikipedia:Larva trochophore ventral trigeminal tract FMA:72506 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1001 The ventral trigeminothalamic tract serves as pain, temperature, and light touch pathway from the face, head and neck. It receives input from trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve. It receives discriminative tactile and pressure input from the contralateral principal sensory nucleus of CN V, which terminates in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus. It then ascends to the contralateral sensory cortex via three neurons . [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002549 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1001-FMA_72506 anterior trigeminothalamic tract tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior trigeminal lemniscus-2 uberon ventral crossed tract ventral secondary ascending tract of v ventral trigeminal pathway ventral trigeminothalamic tract The ventral trigeminothalamic tract serves as pain, temperature, and light touch pathway from the face, head and neck. It receives input from trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve. It receives discriminative tactile and pressure input from the contralateral principal sensory nucleus of CN V, which terminates in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus. It then ascends to the contralateral sensory cortex via three neurons . [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_trigeminal_tract FMA:72506 trigeminal lemniscus-2 FMA:72506 FMA:TA tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior FMA:72506 anterior trigeminothalamic tract FMA:72506 ventral trigeminothalamic tract FMA:72506 ventral trigeminal pathway FMA:72506 ventral crossed tract anterior hypothalamic region FMA:62027 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1005 UBERON:0002550 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1005-FMA_62027 chiasmal zone uberon FMA:62027 chiasmal zone interstitial nucleus of cajal ABA:INC BM:MB-ICA FMA:72432 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1008 UBERON:0002551 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1008-FMA_72432 interstitial nucleus interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (crosby) nucleus interstitialis uberon FMA:72432 interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus FMA:72432 interstitial nucleus FMA:72432 FMA:TA nucleus interstitialis vestibulocerebellar tract FMA:72508 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1009 The vestibulocerebellar tract is a tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002552 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1009-FMA_72508 uberon vestibulocerebellar fibers FMA:72508 vestibulocerebellar fibers The vestibulocerebellar tract is a tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vestibulocerebellar_tract anatomical cavity Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. EHDAA:2329 EHDAA:2337 EHDAA:2347 EHDAA:293 EHDAA:4741 EHDAA:48 EHDAA:638 EHDAA:644 EMAPA:16054 FMA:67552 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1011 UBERON:0002553 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1011-FMA_67552 cavity galen:Cavity ncithesaurus:Lumen_Space uberon Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. FMA:67552 regional part of superior colliculus FMA:85592 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1014 UBERON:0002554 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1014-FMA_85592 uberon intermediate hypothalamic region FMA:62028 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1015 UBERON:0002555 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1015-FMA_62028 area hypothalamica intermedia intermediate hypothalamic area uberon FMA:62028 intermediate hypothalamic area FMA:62028 FMA:TA area hypothalamica intermedia corticotectal tract BM:CTT FMA:72419 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1016 UBERON:0002556 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1016-FMA_72419 corticotectal fibers corticotectal fibres fibrae corticotectales uberon FMA:72419 FMA:TA fibrae corticotectales FMA:72419 corticotectal fibres FMA:72419 corticotectal fibers linear nucleus FMA:72436 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1018 UBERON:0002557 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1018-FMA_72436 uberon organ cavity FMA:12237 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1019 SCTID:362606005 UBERON:0002558 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1019-FMA_12237 cavity of organ uberon FMA:12237 cavity of organ medullary reticular formation ABA:MDRN BM:Me-MeRF FMA:72241 GAID:588 MA:0001049 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1020 SCTID:369059009 TAO:0000421 The reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata UBERON:0002559 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1020-FMA_72241 ZFA:0000421 bulb reticular formation bulbar reticular formation medulla oblongata reticular formation medulla oblonmgata reticular formation medullary reticular nucleus metepencephalon reticular formation note that ZFA:0000421 is part of the the medulla oblongata, so it is placed here, rather than with the generic term reticular formation reticular formation of bulb reticular formation of medulla reticular formation of medulla oblongata reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation of metepencephalon rhombencephalic reticular formation uberon OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation ZFA:0000421 reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation FMA:72241 reticular formation of medulla FMA OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb GO:0021723 The reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata FMA OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation MA:0001049 medullary reticular nucleus GO:0021723 rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata FMA:72241 bulbar reticular formation temporal operculum FMA:74891 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1025 SCTID:369222001 UBERON:0002560 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1025-FMA_74891 facies supratemporalis uberon FMA:74891 facies supratemporalis neuraxis cavity FMA:75007 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1029 UBERON:0002561 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1029-FMA_75007 cavity of neuraxis cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis neuraxis cavity uberon FMA:75007 cavity of neuraxis FMA:75007 cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis FMA:75007 neuraxis cavity superior frontal sulcus FMA:83755 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1030 SCTID:279342009 The superior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002562 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1030-FMA_83755 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray726_Superior_frontal_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray726_Superior_frontal_sulcus.svg.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Frontal_Sulcus sulcus f1 sulcus frontalis primus sulcus frontalis superior sulcus frontalis superior superior frontal fissure uberon FMA:83755 superior frontal fissure The superior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1030 sulcus frontalis primus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1030 sulcus frontalis superior Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_sulcus sulcus frontalis superior FMA:83755 sulcus f1 central nucleus of inferior colliculus ABA:ICc BM:MB-Tec-ICC FMA:72413 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1035 UBERON:0002563 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1035-FMA_72413 chief nucleus of inferior colliculus inferior colliculus, central nucleus nucleus of inferior colliculus (crosby) uberon FMA:72413 inferior colliculus, central nucleus FMA:72413 chief nucleus of inferior colliculus lateral orbital gyrus FMA:62418 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1036 SCTID:279195001 UBERON:0002564 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1036-FMA_62418 uberon olivary pretectal nucleus ABA:OP BM:MB-Tec-OPT FMA:72405 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1037 The pretectum, also known as the pretectal area, is a region of neurons found between the thalamus and midbrain. It receives binocular sensory input from retinal ganglion cells of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002565 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1037-FMA_72405 anterior pretectal nucleus nucleus pretectalis anterior olivary nucleus of superior colliculus pretectal olivary nucleus uberon FMA:72405 anterior pretectal nucleus FMA:72405 pretectal olivary nucleus FMA:72405 FMA:TA nucleus pretectalis anterior The pretectum, also known as the pretectal area, is a region of neurons found between the thalamus and midbrain. It receives binocular sensory input from retinal ganglion cells of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Olivary_pretectal_nucleus FMA:72405 olivary nucleus of superior colliculus superior precentral sulcus FMA:83763 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1038 UBERON:0002566 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1038-FMA_83763 precentral dimple sulcus praecentralis superior sulcus precentralis superior superior part of precentral fissure uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1038 sulcus praecentralis superior FMA:83763 precentral dimple FMA:83763 superior part of precentral fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1038 sulcus precentralis superior basal part of pons FMA:72244 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1043 UBERON:0002567 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1043-FMA_72244 basal portion of pons base of pons basilar part of pons pars basilaris pontis pons proper uberon ventral portion of pons FMA:72244 basilar part of pons FMA:72244 basal portion of pons FMA:72244 pons proper FMA:72244 ventral portion of pons FMA:72244 base of pons FMA:72244 FMA:TA pars basilaris pontis amiculum of dentate nucleus FMA:72546 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1044 UBERON:0002568 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1044-FMA_72546 dentate nuclear amiculum uberon FMA:72546 dentate nuclear amiculum transverse temporal sulcus FMA:83782 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1045 UBERON:0002569 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1045-FMA_83782 uberon medial orbital gyrus FMA:62419 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1046 SCTID:279194002 UBERON:0002570 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1046-FMA_62419 uberon external nucleus of inferior colliculus ABA:ICe BM:MB-Tec-ICX FMA:72412 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1047 UBERON:0002571 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1047-FMA_72412 uberon principal pretectal nucleus FMA:72402 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1048 UBERON:0002572 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1048-FMA_72402 uberon pontine reticular formation ABA:PRNr BM:Pons-PRF FMA:68876 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1050 SCTID:362403007 The reticular formation is a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli. It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002573 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1050-FMA_68876 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gray701.png/200px-Gray701.png pons of varolius reticular formation pons reticular formation pontine reticular nucleus reticular formation of pons reticular formation of pons of varolius uberon ABA:PRNr pontine reticular nucleus FMA FMA:68876 reticular formation of pons OBOL:automatic pons of varolius reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of pons of varolius The reticular formation is a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli. It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pontine_reticular_formation OBOL:automatic pons reticular formation FMA regional part of inferior olivary complex A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior olivary complex [Obol]. FMA:71259 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1052 UBERON:0002574 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1052-FMA_71259 anatomical structure of brain of inferior olivary complex anatomical structure of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain of inferior olivary nucleus anatomical structure of brain of inferior olive biological structure of brain of inferior olivary complex biological structure of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex biological structure of brain of inferior olivary nucleus biological structure of brain of inferior olive brain anatomical structure of inferior olivary complex brain anatomical structure of inferior olivary nuclear complex brain anatomical structure of inferior olivary nucleus brain anatomical structure of inferior olive brain biological structure of inferior olivary complex brain biological structure of inferior olivary nuclear complex brain biological structure of inferior olivary nucleus brain biological structure of inferior olive inferior olivary complex anatomical structure of brain inferior olivary complex biological structure of brain inferior olivary complex brain anatomical structure inferior olivary complex brain biological structure inferior olivary complex neuraxis segment inferior olivary complex regional part of brain inferior olivary complex segment inferior olivary complex segment of brain inferior olivary nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain inferior olivary nuclear complex biological structure of brain inferior olivary nuclear complex brain anatomical structure inferior olivary nuclear complex brain biological structure inferior olivary nuclear complex neuraxis segment inferior olivary nuclear complex regional part of brain inferior olivary nuclear complex segment of brain inferior olivary nucleus anatomical structure of brain inferior olivary nucleus biological structure of brain inferior olivary nucleus brain anatomical structure inferior olivary nucleus brain biological structure inferior olivary nucleus neuraxis segment inferior olivary nucleus regional part of brain inferior olivary nucleus segment of brain inferior olive anatomical structure of brain inferior olive biological structure of brain inferior olive brain anatomical structure inferior olive brain biological structure inferior olive neuraxis segment inferior olive regional part of brain inferior olive segment of brain neuraxis segment of inferior olivary complex neuraxis segment of inferior olivary nuclear complex neuraxis segment of inferior olivary nucleus neuraxis segment of inferior olive regional part of brain of inferior olivary complex regional part of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex regional part of brain of inferior olivary nucleus regional part of brain of inferior olive segment of brain of inferior olivary complex segment of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex segment of brain of inferior olivary nucleus segment of brain of inferior olive segment of inferior olivary complex uberon OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of inferior olive OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of inferior olive OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nucleus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nucleus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of inferior olivary nuclear complex OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of inferior olivary nucleus OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of inferior olive OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic segment of brain of inferior olivary nucleus OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nuclear complex segment of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nuclear complex neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nuclear complex brain biological structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic inferior olive biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of inferior olivary nuclear complex OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of inferior olivary nucleus A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior olivary complex [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic inferior olivary complex brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of inferior olivary nuclear complex FMA:71259 inferior olivary complex segment OBOL:automatic inferior olivary complex regional part of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary complex segment of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary complex anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olive segment of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nucleus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic inferior olive neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic inferior olive anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of inferior olive OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nuclear complex biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of inferior olivary nucleus OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of inferior olive OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nucleus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary complex biological structure of brain NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1052 segment of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nuclear complex regional part of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of inferior olive OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of inferior olivary nucleus OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nuclear complex brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic inferior olive regional part of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary complex neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic segment of brain of inferior olivary complex OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nucleus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic inferior olivary complex brain biological structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of inferior olivary nucleus OBOL:automatic inferior olive brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of inferior olive OBOL:automatic inferior olive brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nucleus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic inferior olivary nucleus segment of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of inferior olivary nucleus OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of inferior olivary nuclear complex posterior orbital gyrus FMA:80184 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1054 SCTID:279197009 UBERON:0002575 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1054-FMA_80184 uberon temporal pole FMA:74890 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1055 SCTID:314155002 The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002576 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1055-FMA_74890 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG polus temporalis uberon The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Temporal_pole NeuroNames:126 polus temporalis pericentral nucleus of inferior colliculus BM:MB-Tec-ICP FMA:72411 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1056 UBERON:0002577 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1056-FMA_72411 cortex of inferior colliculus uberon FMA:72411 cortex of inferior colliculus sublentiform nucleus FMA:72404 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1057 UBERON:0002578 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1057-FMA_72404 uberon regional part of medullary reticular formation A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary reticular formation [Obol]. FMA:73730 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1060 UBERON:0002579 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1060-FMA_73730 anatomical structure of brain of bulb reticular formation anatomical structure of brain of bulbar reticular formation anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation anatomical structure of brain of medullary reticular formation anatomical structure of brain of medullary reticular nucleus anatomical structure of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of bulb anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon anatomical structure of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation biological structure of brain of bulb reticular formation biological structure of brain of bulbar reticular formation biological structure of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation biological structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation biological structure of brain of medullary reticular formation biological structure of brain of medullary reticular nucleus biological structure of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation biological structure of brain of reticular formation of bulb biological structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla biological structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata biological structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata biological structure of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon biological structure of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation brain anatomical structure of bulb reticular formation brain anatomical structure of bulbar reticular formation brain anatomical structure of medulla oblongata reticular formation brain anatomical structure of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation brain anatomical structure of medullary reticular formation brain anatomical structure of medullary reticular nucleus brain anatomical structure of metepencephalon reticular formation brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of bulb brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of medulla brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of metepencephalon brain anatomical structure of rhombencephalic reticular formation brain biological structure of bulb reticular formation brain biological structure of bulbar reticular formation brain biological structure of medulla oblongata reticular formation brain biological structure of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation brain biological structure of medullary reticular formation brain biological structure of medullary reticular nucleus brain biological structure of metepencephalon reticular formation brain biological structure of reticular formation of bulb brain biological structure of reticular formation of medulla brain biological structure of reticular formation of medulla oblongata brain biological structure of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata brain biological structure of reticular formation of metepencephalon brain biological structure of rhombencephalic reticular formation bulb reticular formation anatomical structure of brain bulb reticular formation biological structure of brain bulb reticular formation brain anatomical structure bulb reticular formation brain biological structure bulb reticular formation neuraxis segment bulb reticular formation regional part of brain bulb reticular formation segment of brain bulbar reticular formation anatomical structure of brain bulbar reticular formation biological structure of brain bulbar reticular formation brain anatomical structure bulbar reticular formation brain biological structure bulbar reticular formation neuraxis segment bulbar reticular formation regional part of brain bulbar reticular formation segment of brain medulla oblongata reticular formation anatomical structure of brain medulla oblongata reticular formation biological structure of brain medulla oblongata reticular formation brain anatomical structure medulla oblongata reticular formation brain biological structure medulla oblongata reticular formation neuraxis segment medulla oblongata reticular formation regional part of brain medulla oblongata reticular formation segment of brain medulla oblonmgata reticular formation anatomical structure of brain medulla oblonmgata reticular formation biological structure of brain medulla oblonmgata reticular formation brain anatomical structure medulla oblonmgata reticular formation brain biological structure medulla oblonmgata reticular formation neuraxis segment medulla oblonmgata reticular formation regional part of brain medulla oblonmgata reticular formation segment of brain medullary reticular formation anatomical structure of brain medullary reticular formation biological structure of brain medullary reticular formation brain anatomical structure medullary reticular formation brain biological structure medullary reticular formation neuraxis segment medullary reticular formation regional part of brain medullary reticular formation segment medullary reticular formation segment of brain medullary reticular nucleus anatomical structure of brain medullary reticular nucleus biological structure of brain medullary reticular nucleus brain anatomical structure medullary reticular nucleus brain biological structure medullary reticular nucleus neuraxis segment medullary reticular nucleus regional part of brain medullary reticular nucleus segment of brain metepencephalon reticular formation anatomical structure of brain metepencephalon reticular formation biological structure of brain metepencephalon reticular formation brain anatomical structure metepencephalon reticular formation brain biological structure metepencephalon reticular formation neuraxis segment metepencephalon reticular formation regional part of brain metepencephalon reticular formation segment of brain neuraxis segment of bulb reticular formation neuraxis segment of bulbar reticular formation neuraxis segment of medulla oblongata reticular formation neuraxis segment of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation neuraxis segment of medullary reticular formation neuraxis segment of medullary reticular nucleus neuraxis segment of metepencephalon reticular formation neuraxis segment of reticular formation of bulb neuraxis segment of reticular formation of medulla neuraxis segment of reticular formation of medulla oblongata neuraxis segment of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata neuraxis segment of reticular formation of metepencephalon neuraxis segment of rhombencephalic reticular formation regional part of brain of bulb reticular formation regional part of brain of bulbar reticular formation regional part of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation regional part of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation regional part of brain of medullary reticular formation regional part of brain of medullary reticular nucleus regional part of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation regional part of brain of reticular formation of bulb regional part of brain of reticular formation of medulla regional part of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata regional part of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata regional part of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon regional part of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation reticular formation of bulb anatomical structure of brain reticular formation of bulb biological structure of brain reticular formation of bulb brain anatomical structure reticular formation of bulb brain biological structure reticular formation of bulb neuraxis segment reticular formation of bulb regional part of brain reticular formation of bulb segment of brain reticular formation of medulla anatomical structure of brain reticular formation of medulla biological structure of brain reticular formation of medulla brain anatomical structure reticular formation of medulla brain biological structure reticular formation of medulla neuraxis segment reticular formation of medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain reticular formation of medulla oblongata biological structure of brain reticular formation of medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure reticular formation of medulla oblongata brain biological structure reticular formation of medulla oblongata neuraxis segment reticular formation of medulla oblongata regional part of brain reticular formation of medulla oblongata segment of brain reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata anatomical structure of brain reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata biological structure of brain reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata brain anatomical structure reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata brain biological structure reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata neuraxis segment reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata regional part of brain reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata segment of brain reticular formation of medulla regional part of brain reticular formation of medulla segment of brain reticular formation of metepencephalon anatomical structure of brain reticular formation of metepencephalon biological structure of brain reticular formation of metepencephalon brain anatomical structure reticular formation of metepencephalon brain biological structure reticular formation of metepencephalon neuraxis segment reticular formation of metepencephalon regional part of brain reticular formation of metepencephalon segment of brain rhombencephalic reticular formation anatomical structure of brain rhombencephalic reticular formation biological structure of brain rhombencephalic reticular formation brain anatomical structure rhombencephalic reticular formation brain biological structure rhombencephalic reticular formation neuraxis segment rhombencephalic reticular formation regional part of brain rhombencephalic reticular formation segment of brain segment of brain of bulb reticular formation segment of brain of bulbar reticular formation segment of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation segment of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation segment of brain of medullary reticular formation segment of brain of medullary reticular nucleus segment of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation segment of brain of reticular formation of bulb segment of brain of reticular formation of medulla segment of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata segment of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata segment of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon segment of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation segment of medullary reticular formation uberon OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of reticular formation of medulla OBOL:automatic medullary reticular formation neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of bulb reticular formation OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation OBOL:automatic segment of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation segment of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation regional part of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation segment of brain OBOL:automatic medullary reticular nucleus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of medullary reticular nucleus OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic rhombencephalic reticular formation regional part of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of bulbar reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation brain biological structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla regional part of brain NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1060 segment of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of medulla OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of reticular formation of medulla OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of bulb reticular formation OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of medullary reticular nucleus OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic rhombencephalic reticular formation neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of reticular formation of bulb OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic medullary reticular formation biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic medullary reticular formation brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of reticular formation of bulb OBOL:automatic rhombencephalic reticular formation biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of bulb reticular formation OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation regional part of brain OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of bulb reticular formation OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla segment of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of bulbar reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation brain biological structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of bulbar reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation brain anatomical structure FMA:73730 medullary reticular formation segment OBOL:automatic medullary reticular nucleus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation segment of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic medullary reticular nucleus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of bulb reticular formation OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation segment of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of medullary reticular nucleus OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of bulb reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata segment of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of metepencephalon reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata regional part of brain OBOL:automatic medullary reticular nucleus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation brain biological structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of bulbar reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla OBOL:automatic segment of brain of bulbar reticular formation OBOL:automatic bulbar reticular formation biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of metepencephalon reticular formation OBOL:automatic medullary reticular nucleus segment of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic medullary reticular formation regional part of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic bulbar reticular formation brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic medullary reticular formation anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata reticular formation OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata reticular formation regional part of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of bulbar reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb brain biological structure OBOL:automatic bulbar reticular formation brain biological structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of reticular formation of bulb OBOL:automatic segment of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic metepencephalon reticular formation anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic medullary reticular nucleus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic rhombencephalic reticular formation brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of medullary reticular nucleus OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon segment of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata segment of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic rhombencephalic reticular formation brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of bulb OBOL:automatic bulbar reticular formation segment of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of bulb OBOL:automatic bulbar reticular formation regional part of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of metepencephalon reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of reticular formation of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of reticular formation of bulb OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic bulbar reticular formation neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic rhombencephalic reticular formation anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic medullary reticular nucleus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of medullary reticular nucleus OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation OBOL:automatic segment of brain of reticular formation of medulla OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic rhombencephalic reticular formation segment of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary reticular formation [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic bulb reticular formation brain biological structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla brain biological structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata brain biological structure OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of reticular formation of medulla OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of medullary reticular nucleus OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon brain biological structure OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of bulbar reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of bulb segment of brain OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic bulbar reticular formation anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic medullary reticular formation brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of reticular formation of bulb OBOL:automatic segment of brain of metepencephalon reticular formation OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of medullary reticular nucleus OBOL:automatic medullary reticular formation segment of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of medulla oblongata reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon regional part of brain OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata reticular formation biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of medullary reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of metepencephalon neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic segment of brain of reticular formation of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of rhombencephalic reticular formation OBOL:automatic segment of brain of bulb reticular formation OBOL:automatic reticular formation of medulla oblongata brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of reticular formation of medulla brachium of superior colliculus BM:MB-BSC FMA:72417 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1065 The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) extends lateralward from the superior colliculus, and, passing between the pulvinar and medial geniculate body, is partly continued into an eminence called the lateral geniculate body, and partly into the optic tract. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002580 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1065-FMA_72417 brachium colliculi superioris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG superior brachium superior collicular brachium superior colliculus brachium superior quadrigeminal brachium uberon FMA:72417 superior quadrigeminal brachium FMA:72417 superior collicular brachium The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) extends lateralward from the superior colliculus, and, passing between the pulvinar and medial geniculate body, is partly continued into an eminence called the lateral geniculate body, and partly into the optic tract. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brachium_of_superior_colliculus FMA:72417 superior colliculus brachium Wikipedia:Brachium_of_superior_colliculus brachium colliculi superioris FMA:72417 superior brachium postcentral gyrus BTO:0004354 EFO:0001383 FMA:61896 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1070 SCTID:279167001 The lateral postcentral gyrus is a prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It was initially defined from surface stimulation studies of Penfield, and parallel surface potential studies of Bard, Woolsey, and Marshall. Although initially defined to be roughly the same as Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2, more recent work by Kaas has suggested that for homogeny with other sensory fields only area 3 should be referred to as 'primary somatosensory cortex', as it received the bulk of the thalamocortical projection from the sensory input fields. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002581 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1070-FMA_61896 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Postcentral_gyrus.png/200px-Postcentral_gyrus.png ncithesaurus:Postcentral_Gyrus postcentral convolution posterior central gyrus postrolandic gyrus uberon FMA:61896 postrolandic gyrus The lateral postcentral gyrus is a prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It was initially defined from surface stimulation studies of Penfield, and parallel surface potential studies of Bard, Woolsey, and Marshall. Although initially defined to be roughly the same as Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2, more recent work by Kaas has suggested that for homogeny with other sensory fields only area 3 should be referred to as 'primary somatosensory cortex', as it received the bulk of the thalamocortical projection from the sensory input fields. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Postcentral_gyrus FMA:61896 postcentral convolution FMA:61896 posterior central gyrus anterior calcarine sulcus FMA:83750 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1072 UBERON:0002582 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1072-FMA_83750 anterior calcarine fissure sulcus calcarinus anterior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1072 sulcus calcarinus anterior FMA:83750 anterior calcarine fissure commissure of superior colliculus A commissure that is part of a superior colliculus [Obol]. BM:MB-Tec-SC-SCX FMA:72418 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1073 SCTID:369258008 TAO:0000684 UBERON:0002583 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1073-FMA_72418 ZFA:0000684 anterior colliculus commissure anterior corpus quadrigeminum commissure commissure of anterior colliculus commissure of anterior corpus quadrigeminum commissure of cranial colliculus commissure of optic tectum commissure of superior colliculi cranial colliculus commissure intertectal commissure optic tectum commissure superior colliculus commissure uberon OBOL:automatic anterior corpus quadrigeminum commissure OBOL:automatic anterior colliculus commissure FMA:72418 superior colliculus commissure OBOL:automatic optic tectum commissure FMA:72418 commissure of superior colliculi OBOL:automatic commissure of cranial colliculus ZFA:0000684 intertectal commissure OBOL:automatic commissure of optic tectum A commissure that is part of a superior colliculus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic commissure of anterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic commissure of anterior colliculus OBOL:automatic cranial colliculus commissure regional part of vestibular nuclear complex A regional part of brain that is part of a vestibular nuclear complex [Obol]. FMA:71267 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1080 UBERON:0002584 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1080-FMA_71267 anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nuclei anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nucleus biological structure of brain of vestibular nuclear complex biological structure of brain of vestibular nuclei biological structure of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata biological structure of brain of vestibular nucleus brain anatomical structure of vestibular nuclear complex brain anatomical structure of vestibular nuclei brain anatomical structure of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure of vestibular nucleus brain biological structure of vestibular nuclear complex brain biological structure of vestibular nuclei brain biological structure of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata brain biological structure of vestibular nucleus neuraxis segment of vestibular nuclear complex neuraxis segment of vestibular nuclei neuraxis segment of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata neuraxis segment of vestibular nucleus regional part of brain of vestibular nuclear complex regional part of brain of vestibular nuclei regional part of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata regional part of brain of vestibular nucleus segment of brain of vestibular nuclear complex segment of brain of vestibular nuclei segment of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata segment of brain of vestibular nucleus segment of vestibular nuclear complex uberon vestibular nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain vestibular nuclear complex biological structure of brain vestibular nuclear complex brain anatomical structure vestibular nuclear complex brain biological structure vestibular nuclear complex neuraxis segment vestibular nuclear complex regional part of brain vestibular nuclear complex segment vestibular nuclear complex segment of brain vestibular nuclei anatomical structure of brain vestibular nuclei biological structure of brain vestibular nuclei brain anatomical structure vestibular nuclei brain biological structure vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata biological structure of brain vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata brain biological structure vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata neuraxis segment vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata regional part of brain vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata segment of brain vestibular nuclei neuraxis segment vestibular nuclei regional part of brain vestibular nuclei segment of brain vestibular nucleus anatomical structure of brain vestibular nucleus biological structure of brain vestibular nucleus brain anatomical structure vestibular nucleus brain biological structure vestibular nucleus neuraxis segment vestibular nucleus regional part of brain vestibular nucleus segment of brain A regional part of brain that is part of a vestibular nuclear complex [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata regional part of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nucleus segment of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of vestibular nucleus OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of vestibular nucleus OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclear complex brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nucleus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic vestibular nucleus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic segment of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic vestibular nucleus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclear complex biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of vestibular nuclei OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata segment of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei segment of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei regional part of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of vestibular nuclei OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of vestibular nuclei OBOL:automatic segment of brain of vestibular nucleus OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic vestibular nucleus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclear complex regional part of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nuclei OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic vestibular nucleus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of vestibular nucleus OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclear complex brain biological structure OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of vestibular nucleus FMA:71267 vestibular nuclear complex segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1080 segment of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nucleus OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of vestibular nucleus OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclear complex segment of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of vestibular nuclei OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclear complex neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic vestibular nucleus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of vestibular nuclei OBOL:automatic segment of brain of vestibular nuclear complex OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of vestibular nuclei OBOL:automatic vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata brain biological structure central tegmental tract of midbrain FMA:72456 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1081 SCTID:369243000 UBERON:0002585 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1081-FMA_72456 uberon calcarine sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-CAS FMA:83749 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1086 SCTID:279355005 The calcarine fissure is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002586 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1086-FMA_83749 calcarine fissure ncithesaurus:Calcarine_Sulcus sulcus calcarinus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1086 sulcus calcarinus The calcarine fissure is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Calcarine_sulcus FMA:83749 calcarine fissure nucleus subceruleus ABA:SLC FMA:72479 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1088 UBERON:0002587 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1088-FMA_72479 nucleus subcaeruleus subcaerulean nucleus subceruleus nucleus subcoeruleus nucleus uberon FMA:72479 subcaerulean nucleus FMA:72479 FMA:TA nucleus subcaeruleus decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle BM:BCX FMA:72455 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1089 Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle located in the caudal midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus, consisting of a large bundle of fibers crossing the midline. It contains fibers projecting from the deep cerebellar nucleus to the midbrain and thalamus through the superior cerebellar peduncle (MM). The decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle is the portion of the superior cerebellar peduncle which crosses into the midbrain. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:369252009 UBERON:0002588 UBERON:0003032 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1089-FMA_72455 Wernekink's decussation decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum decussation of brachium conjunctivum decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gray711.png/200px-Gray711.png superior cerebellar peduncle decussation uberon FMA:72455 Wernekink's decussation NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1089 Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle located in the caudal midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus, consisting of a large bundle of fibers crossing the midline. It contains fibers projecting from the deep cerebellar nucleus to the midbrain and thalamus through the superior cerebellar peduncle (MM). The decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle is the portion of the superior cerebellar peduncle which crosses into the midbrain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Decussation_of_superior_cerebellar_peduncle FMA:72455 decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles FMA:72455 decussation of brachium conjunctivum FMA FMA:72455 superior cerebellar peduncle decussation FMA:72455 FMA:TA decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum lateral corticospinal tract FMA:72635 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1095 SCTID:369091005 The lateral corticospinal tract (also called the crossed pyramidal tract or lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus) is the largest part of the corticospinal tract. It extends throughout the entire length of the medulla spinalis, and on transverse section appears as an oval area in front of the posterior column and medial to the posterior spinocerebellar tract. Its fibres arise from cells in the motor area of the cerebral hemisphere of the opposite side. They pass downward in company with those of the anterior corticospinal tract through the same side of the brain as that from which they originate, but they cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata and descend in the lateral funiculus of the medulla spinalis. The lateral corticospinal tract controls movement of contralateral limbs. Control of more central axial and girdle muscles comes from the anterior corticospinal tract. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002589 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1095-FMA_72635 lateral pyramidal tract tractus corticospinalis lateralis, fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis uberon FMA:72635 lateral pyramidal tract The lateral corticospinal tract (also called the crossed pyramidal tract or lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus) is the largest part of the corticospinal tract. It extends throughout the entire length of the medulla spinalis, and on transverse section appears as an oval area in front of the posterior column and medial to the posterior spinocerebellar tract. Its fibres arise from cells in the motor area of the cerebral hemisphere of the opposite side. They pass downward in company with those of the anterior corticospinal tract through the same side of the brain as that from which they originate, but they cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata and descend in the lateral funiculus of the medulla spinalis. The lateral corticospinal tract controls movement of contralateral limbs. Control of more central axial and girdle muscles comes from the anterior corticospinal tract. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_corticospinal_tract Wikipedia:Lateral_corticospinal_tract tractus corticospinalis lateralis, fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis prepyriform area (pre-)piriform cortex ABA:PIR BM:Tel-PRP FMA:62484 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097 SCTID:369104008 UBERON:0002590 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1097-FMA_62484 gyrus olfactorius lateralis lateral olfactory gyrus piriform cortex (price) piriform olfactory cortex prepiriform cortex prepyriform cortex pyriform area uberon (pre-)piriform cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097 FMA:62484 prepyriform cortex FMA:62484 lateral olfactory gyrus FMA:62484 FMA:TA gyrus olfactorius lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097 pyriform area NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097 piriform olfactory cortex FMA:62484 prepiriform cortex oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus ABA:SPVO FMA:235322 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1100 UBERON:0002591 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1100-FMA_235322 uberon juxtarestiform body FMA:72613 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1101 SCTID:110687007 The juxtarestiform body is a subdivision of the inferior cerebellar peduncle, which comprises both the juxtarestiform and restiform bodies. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002592 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1101-FMA_72613 uberon The juxtarestiform body is a subdivision of the inferior cerebellar peduncle, which comprises both the juxtarestiform and restiform bodies. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Juxtarestiform_body orbital operculum FMA:74887 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1102 UBERON:0002593 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1102-FMA_74887 uberon dentatothalamic tract FMA:72462 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1104 The dentatothalamic tract (or dentatorubrothalamic tract) is a tract which connects the dentate nucleus and the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002594 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1104-FMA_72462 dentatothalamic fibers tractus dentatothalamicus uberon The dentatothalamic tract (or dentatorubrothalamic tract) is a tract which connects the dentate nucleus and the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dentatothalamic_tract FMA:72462 dentatothalamic fibers Wikipedia:Dentatothalamic_tract tractus dentatothalamicus orbital sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-ORS FMA:83770 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1112 SCTID:314143008 UBERON:0002595 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1112-FMA_83770 cruciate sulcus of campbell ncithesaurus:Orbital_Sulcus orbital sulci sulcus orbitalis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1112 cruciate sulcus of campbell FMA:83770 orbital sulci NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1112 sulcus orbitalis ventral posterior nucleus BM:Die-Th-VPI BTO:0004373 BTO:0004374 EV:0100209 FMA:62187 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1116 SCTID:279147005 The ventral posterior nucleus is the somato-sensory relay nucleus in thalamus of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002596 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1116-FMA_62187 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png nucleus ventrales posteriores nucleus ventralis posterior uberon ventral posterior thalamic nucleus ventrobasal complex ventrobasal nucleus FMA:62187 ventrobasal complex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1116 nucleus ventralis posterior FMA:62187 ventrobasal nucleus The ventral posterior nucleus is the somato-sensory relay nucleus in thalamus of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_posterior_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1116 nucleus ventrales posteriores FMA FMA:62187 ventral posterior thalamic nucleus principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve ABA:PSV BM:VP EHDAA2:0004628 EV:0100274 FMA:54533 GO has pontine nucleus as a child of trigeminal sensory nucleus, WP says this is a synonym, but we have a separate class for this - UBERON:0002151 MA:0002740 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1120 SCTID:369031008 The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a group of second order neurons which have cell bodies in the dorsal Pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V. Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract, but information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Dorsal Trigeminothalamic Tract. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002597 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1120-FMA_54533 chief sensory nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png main sensory nucleus main sensory nucleus of cranial nerve v ncithesaurus:Principal_Sensory_Nucleus_of_the_Trigeminal_Nerve pontine nucleus principal sensory nucleus principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve principal sensory trigeminal nucleus principal trigeminal nucleus superior trigeminal nucleus superior trigeminal sensory nucleus trigeminal V chief sensory nucleus trigeminal V principal sensory nucleus trigeminal nerve superior sensory nucleus uberon GO:0021740 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nuclei pontine nucleus FMA:54533 superior trigeminal nucleus MA FMA:54533 principal sensory trigeminal nucleus FMA:54533 trigeminal nerve superior sensory nucleus MA:0002740 trigeminal V principal sensory nucleus FMA:54533 main sensory nucleus MA:0002740 trigeminal V chief sensory nucleus FMA:54533 principal trigeminal nucleus NIF GO:0021730 The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a group of second order neurons which have cell bodies in the dorsal Pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V. Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract, but information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Dorsal Trigeminothalamic Tract. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Chief_sensory_nucleus FMA:54533 principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve FMA:54533 superior trigeminal sensory nucleus FMA:54533 chief sensory nucleus paracentral sulcus FMA:83762 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1121 SCTID:369228002 UBERON:0002598 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1121-FMA_83762 sulcus subcentralis medialis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1121 sulcus subcentralis medialis medial olfactory gyrus FMA:74509 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1127 SCTID:369103002 UBERON:0002599 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1127-FMA_74509 uberon limbic lobe FMA:72719 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1128 SCTID:279215006 The limbic lobe (also known as the Cingulate) is a portion of the brain associated with functions such as olfaction and emotion. It contains parts of other lobes, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal. Its main components are the fornicate gyrus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala It is related to the term limbic system, but unlike that term, 'limbic lobe' is a part of the Terminologia Anatomica, and there is less disagreement over what is included in the 'limbic lobe' than there is over what is included in the 'limbic system'. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002600 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1128-FMA_72719 fornicate gyrus grande lobe limbique of broca http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Human_brain_inferior-medial_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_inferior-medial_view_description.JPG limbic lobe (carpenter) lobus limbicus uberon Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe lobus limbicus The limbic lobe (also known as the Cingulate) is a portion of the brain associated with functions such as olfaction and emotion. It contains parts of other lobes, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal. Its main components are the fornicate gyrus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala It is related to the term limbic system, but unlike that term, 'limbic lobe' is a part of the Terminologia Anatomica, and there is less disagreement over what is included in the 'limbic lobe' than there is over what is included in the 'limbic system'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe FMA:72719 fornicate gyrus fasciolar gyrus ABA:FC BTO:0002497 FMA:61921 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1129 SCTID:279210001 TODO - existing definitions, synonyms and relationships in existing AOs seem contradictory; to be resolved. We take the dentate gyrus relationship from BTO, and it is also implied by the FMA synonym. However, FMA says archiortex (embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and NIF says limbic lobe (which is more general than hippocampus). ABA xref made on basis of BTO related synonym UBERON:0002601 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1129-FMA_61921 a small paired band that passes around the splenium of the corpus callosum from the lateral longitudinal stria to the dentate gyrus[Biology-Online]. A posterior and upward extension of the dentate gyrus, forming a transitional area between the dentate gyrus and the indusium griseum[BTO]. fasciola cinerea gyrus fasciolaris retrosplenial gyrus of hippocampus uberon BTO:0002497 gyrus fasciolaris BTO:0002497 a small paired band that passes around the splenium of the corpus callosum from the lateral longitudinal stria to the dentate gyrus[Biology-Online]. A posterior and upward extension of the dentate gyrus, forming a transitional area between the dentate gyrus and the indusium griseum[BTO]. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Fasciolar_gyrus FMA:61921 retrosplenial gyrus of hippocampus BTO:0002497 fasciola cinerea emboliform nucleus FMA:72538 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1135 The emboliform nucleus lies immediately to the medial side of the nucleus dentatus, and partly covering its hilus. It is one among the four pairs of cerebellar nuclei, which are from lateral to medial: the dentate, interposed (emboliform and globose), and fastigial nuclei. These nuclei can be seen using the Weigert method staining. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002602 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1135-FMA_72538 anterior interposed nucleus anterior interpositus nucleus nucleus emboliformis nucleus interpositus anterior uberon FMA:72538 anterior interpositus nucleus Wikipedia:Emboliform_nucleus nucleus emboliformis FMA:72538 FMA:TA nucleus interpositus anterior The emboliform nucleus lies immediately to the medial side of the nucleus dentatus, and partly covering its hilus. It is one among the four pairs of cerebellar nuclei, which are from lateral to medial: the dentate, interposed (emboliform and globose), and fastigial nuclei. These nuclei can be seen using the Weigert method staining. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Emboliform_nucleus FMA:72538 anterior interposed nucleus paraterminal gyrus FMA:61919 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1138 The paraterminal gyrus (subcallosal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the supracallosal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002603 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1138-FMA_61919 gyrus paraterminalis, gyrus subcallosus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png precommissural hippocampus subcallosal gyrus uberon FMA:61919 precommissural hippocampus FMA:61919 subcallosal gyrus The paraterminal gyrus (subcallosal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the supracallosal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus gyrus paraterminalis, gyrus subcallosus ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus ABA:NLLv BM:LLV FMA:72484 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1140 The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002604 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1140-FMA_72484 anterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lateral_lemniscus.PNG/200px-Lateral_lemniscus.PNG nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ventral part uberon ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus FMA NIF The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_nucleus_of_the_lateral_lemniscus FMA:72484 anterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus FMA:72484 FMA:TA nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis FMA:72484 ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus ABA:NLLv nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ventral part precentral operculum FMA:74888 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1141 UBERON:0002605 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1141-FMA_74888 uberon neuropil A dense intricate feltwork of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons, and dendrites interspersed among the nerve cells of the central nervous system (MSH)[NIF]. FBbt:00005139 FMA:261269 GAID:740 MESH:A.08.637.500 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1142 NIF_Subcellular:sao205380252 SCTID:67146008 UBERON:0002606 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1142-FMA_261269 check re portion of neural tissue. ncithesaurus:Neuropil neuropilus uberon A dense intricate feltwork of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons, and dendrites interspersed among the nerve cells of the central nervous system (MSH)[NIF]. NIF_Subcellular:sao205380252 Wikipedia:Neuropil Wikipedia:Neuropil neuropilus superior rostral sulcus FMA:83766 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1143 UBERON:0002607 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1143-FMA_83766 sulcus rostralis superior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1143 sulcus rostralis superior caudal part of ventral lateral nucleus FMA:62194 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144 UBERON:0002608 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1144-FMA_62194 dorsal part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones) nucleus dorsooralis (van buren) nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs dorsalis nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars caudalis uberon ventral lateral nucleus, caudal part ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144 nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs dorsalis FMA:62194 ventral lateral nucleus, caudal part FMA:62194 ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144 nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars caudalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144 nucleus dorsooralis (van buren) spinothalamic tract of midbrain FMA:72463 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1150 SCTID:369090006 UBERON:0002609 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1150-FMA_72463 uberon FMA cochlear nuclear complex ABA:CN BM:Me-Co EV:0100260 FMA:72240 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1151 The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002610 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1151-FMA_72240 cochlear nuclei http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Nuclei nuclei cochleares uberon FMA:72240 cochlear nuclei Wikipedia:Cochlear_nuclei nuclei cochleares The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cochlear_nuclei node of ranvier . UBERON:0002611 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1152-FMA_67368 in GO ranvier node ranvier's node true uberon FMA:67368 ranvier's node FMA:67368 ranvier node . Wikipedia:Node_of_ranvier transverse orbital sulcus FMA:83771 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1155 UBERON:0002612 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1155-FMA_83771 sulcus orbitalis transversus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1155 sulcus orbitalis transversus globose nucleus FMA:72536 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1158 The globose nucleus is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei. It is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus. This nucleus contains primarily large and small multipolar neurons. The globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus are occasionally referred to collectively as the interposed nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002613 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1158-FMA_72536 nucleus globosus nucleus interpositus posterior posterior interposed nucleus posterior interpositus nucleus uberon FMA:72536 posterior interposed nucleus FMA:72536 FMA:TA nucleus interpositus posterior Wikipedia:Globose_nucleus nucleus globosus The globose nucleus is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei. It is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus. This nucleus contains primarily large and small multipolar neurons. The globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus are occasionally referred to collectively as the interposed nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Globose_nucleus FMA:72536 posterior interpositus nucleus medial part of ventral lateral nucleus ABA:VM BM:Die-Th-VM FMA:62195 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159 UBERON:0002614 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1159-FMA_62195 nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars medialis nucleus ventrooralis medialis (hassler) uberon ventral lateral nucleus, medial part ventral medial nucleus ventral medial nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159 ventral medial nucleus of thalamus FMA:62195 ventral medial nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159 nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159 nucleus ventrooralis medialis (hassler) FMA:62195 ventral lateral nucleus, medial part ventral tegmental decussation FMA:72452 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1163 SCTID:369249001 UBERON:0002615 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1163-FMA_72452 anterior tegmental decussation decussatio tegmentalis anterior decussation of forel uberon ventral tegmental decussation of forel FMA:72452 FMA:TA decussatio tegmentalis anterior FMA:72452 anterior tegmental decussation regional part of brain An anatomical structure that is part of a brain [Obol]. FMA:55676 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1167 SCTID:384763002 UBERON:0002616 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1167-FMA_55676 anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part ncithesaurus:Brain_Part neuraxis segment segment of brain uberon OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain FMA:55676 neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain biological structure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1167 segment of brain An anatomical structure that is part of a brain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain pars postrema of ventral lateral nucleus FMA:62196 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170 UBERON:0002617 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1170-FMA_62196 nucleus dorsointermedius externus magnocellularis (hassler) nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs postremus nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars postrema posterodorsal part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones) uberon ventral lateral nucleus (pars postrema) FMA:62196 ventral lateral nucleus (pars postrema) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170 nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs postremus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170 nucleus dorsointermedius externus magnocellularis (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170 nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars postrema trochlear nerve fibers FMA:71116 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1172 UBERON:0002618 UBERON:0002674 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1172-FMA_71116 central part of trochlear nerve trochlear nerve fibers trochlear nerve root trochlear nerve tract uberon FMA:71116 central part of trochlear nerve FMA FMA:71116 trochlear nerve fibers FMA:71116 trochlear nerve root FMA:71116 trochlear nerve tract regional part of cerebral cortex A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebral cortex [Obol]. FMA:242193 MA:0000187 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1173 SCTID:119408004 UBERON:0002619 UBERON:0003208 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1173-FMA_68603 cerebral cortex part region of cerebral cortex segment of cerebral cortex todo - check MA term uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1173 segment of cerebral cortex FMA:242193 region of cerebral cortex A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebral cortex [Obol]. OBOL:automatic tuber cinereum FMA:62327 GAID:649 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.352.870 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1189 SCTID:362381006 The tuber cinereum is a hollow eminence of gray matter situated between the mammilary bodies and the optic chiasm. The tuber cinereum is part of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002620 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1189-FMA_62327 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/200px-Gray724.png ncithesaurus:Tuber_Cinereum uberon The tuber cinereum is a hollow eminence of gray matter situated between the mammilary bodies and the optic chiasm. The tuber cinereum is part of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tuber_cinereum regional part of cochlear nuclear complex A regional part of brain that is part of a cochlear nuclear complex [Obol]. FMA:83952 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1195 UBERON:0002621 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1195-FMA_83952 anatomical structure of brain of cochlear nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain of cochlear nuclei biological structure of brain of cochlear nuclear complex biological structure of brain of cochlear nuclei brain anatomical structure of cochlear nuclear complex brain anatomical structure of cochlear nuclei brain biological structure of cochlear nuclear complex brain biological structure of cochlear nuclei cochlear nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain cochlear nuclear complex biological structure of brain cochlear nuclear complex brain anatomical structure cochlear nuclear complex brain biological structure cochlear nuclear complex neuraxis segment cochlear nuclear complex regional part of brain cochlear nuclear complex segment cochlear nuclear complex segment of brain cochlear nuclei anatomical structure of brain cochlear nuclei biological structure of brain cochlear nuclei brain anatomical structure cochlear nuclei brain biological structure cochlear nuclei neuraxis segment cochlear nuclei regional part of brain cochlear nuclei segment of brain neuraxis segment of cochlear nuclear complex neuraxis segment of cochlear nuclei regional part of brain of cochlear nuclear complex regional part of brain of cochlear nuclei segment of brain of cochlear nuclear complex segment of brain of cochlear nuclei segment of cochlear nuclear complex uberon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of cochlear nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1195 segment of cochlear nuclear complex OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclear complex biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of cochlear nuclei OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of cochlear nuclear complex FMA:83952 cochlear nuclear complex segment OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclei brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclear complex neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of cochlear nuclear complex OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclear complex regional part of brain A regional part of brain that is part of a cochlear nuclear complex [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclei regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of cochlear nuclear complex OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of cochlear nuclear complex OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclei segment of brain OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclear complex brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclei brain biological structure OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclei neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of cochlear nuclei OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of cochlear nuclear complex OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclei anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclei biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclear complex segment of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of cochlear nuclei OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of cochlear nuclei OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of cochlear nuclear complex OBOL:automatic cochlear nuclear complex brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of cochlear nuclear complex OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of cochlear nuclei OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of cochlear nuclei preoptic periventricular nucleus FMA:62324 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1201 SCTID:369127000 The preoptic periventricular nucleus is located along the midline and is medial to the medial preoptic nucleus.[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002622 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1201-FMA_62324 nucleus preopticus periventricularis periventricular preoptic nucleus preoptic periventricular hypothalamic nucleus uberon FMA:62324 FMA:TA nucleus preopticus periventricularis FMA:62324 preoptic periventricular hypothalamic nucleus The preoptic periventricular nucleus is located along the midline and is medial to the medial preoptic nucleus.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Preoptic_area#Preoptic_periventricular_nucleus FMA:62324 periventricular preoptic nucleus cerebral peduncle BM:CP BTO:0004676 EFO:0001987 FMA:62394 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1202 SCTID:362391000 The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri, substantia nigra and pretectum. By this definition, the cerebral peduncles are also known as the basis pedunculi, while the large ventral bundle of efferent fibers is referred to as the crus cerebri or the pes pedunculi There are numerous nerve tracts located within this section of the brainstem. Of note, in the cerebral peduncular loop fibers from motor areas of the brain project to the cerebral peduncle and then project to various thalamic nuclei. In as much as the peduncles are an anatomic landmark, for details regarding the function of this area interested readers are referred to the individual referenced articles. On a broad scale, though, this area contains many nerve tracts conveying motor information to and from the brain to the rest of the body. Important fibers running through the cerebral peduncles include the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar tract, among others. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002623 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1202-FMA_62394 cerebral peduncle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray689.png/200px-Gray689.png ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Peduncle peduncle of midbrain pedunculus cerebri pedunculus cerebri uberon FMA:62394 cerebral peduncle FMA:62394 peduncle of midbrain FMA:62394 FMA:TA pedunculus cerebri FMA Wikipedia:Cerebral_peduncle pedunculus cerebri The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri, substantia nigra and pretectum. By this definition, the cerebral peduncles are also known as the basis pedunculi, while the large ventral bundle of efferent fibers is referred to as the crus cerebri or the pes pedunculi There are numerous nerve tracts located within this section of the brainstem. Of note, in the cerebral peduncular loop fibers from motor areas of the brain project to the cerebral peduncle and then project to various thalamic nuclei. In as much as the peduncles are an anatomic landmark, for details regarding the function of this area interested readers are referred to the individual referenced articles. On a broad scale, though, this area contains many nerve tracts conveying motor information to and from the brain to the rest of the body. Important fibers running through the cerebral peduncles include the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar tract, among others. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cerebral_peduncle orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus FMA:61982 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1207 UBERON:0002624 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1207-FMA_61982 inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part ncithesaurus:Orbital_Part_of_the_Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1207 pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris FMA:61982 inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part median preoptic nucleus ABA:MEPO BM:MPO FMA:62323 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1208 The median preoptic nucleus is located along the midline in a position significantly dorsal to the other 3 preoptic nuclei, at least in the macaca fascicularis brain. It wraps around the top (dorsal), front, and bottom (ventral) surfaces of the anterior commissure. The median preoptic nucleus generates thirst. Drinking decreases noradrenaline release in the median preoptic nucleus. UBERON:0002625 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1208-FMA_62323 uberon The median preoptic nucleus is located along the midline in a position significantly dorsal to the other 3 preoptic nuclei, at least in the macaca fascicularis brain. It wraps around the top (dorsal), front, and bottom (ventral) surfaces of the anterior commissure. The median preoptic nucleus generates thirst. Drinking decreases noradrenaline release in the median preoptic nucleus. Wikipedia:Preoptic_area#Median_preoptic_nucleus head of caudate nucleus EMAPA:18547 FMA:61852 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1212 SCTID:279298007 UBERON:0002626 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1212-FMA_61852 caput (caudatus) caudate nuclear head uberon FMA:61852 caput (caudatus) FMA:61852 caudate nuclear head capsule of medial geniculate body FMA:62049 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1214 UBERON:0002627 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1214-FMA_62049 capsula corporis geniculati medialis medial geniculate body capsule uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1214 capsula corporis geniculati medialis FMA:62049 medial geniculate body capsule tail of caudate nucleus EMAPA:18548 FMA:61854 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1215 SCTID:279299004 UBERON:0002628 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1215-FMA_61854 caudate nuclear tail uberon FMA:61854 caudate nuclear tail triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus FMA:61980 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1216 UBERON:0002629 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1216-FMA_61980 ncithesaurus:Triangular_Part_of_the_Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1216 pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris body of caudate nucleus FMA:61853 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1217 SCTID:314175006 UBERON:0002630 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1217-FMA_61853 caudate nuclear body corpus (caudatus) uberon FMA:61853 caudate nuclear body FMA:61853 corpus (caudatus) cerebral crus BTO:0004677 EV:0100243 FMA:72464 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1218 The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura. In some older texts, it is used as a synonym for the entire cerebral peduncle, not just the anterior portion of it. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002631 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1218-FMA_72464 base of cerebral peduncle cerebral peduncle (clinical definition) crus cerebri crus cerebri http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png ncithesaurus:Crus_Cerebri uberon Wikipedia:Cerebral_crus crus cerebri The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura. In some older texts, it is used as a synonym for the entire cerebral peduncle, not just the anterior portion of it. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cerebral_crus BTO:0004677 crus cerebri EV:0100243 crus cerebri FMA:72464 cerebral peduncle (clinical definition) BTO:0004677 base of cerebral peduncle BTO medial part of medial mammillary nucleus ABA:Mmme FMA:62345 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1220 UBERON:0002632 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1220-FMA_62345 medial mammillary nucleus (carpenter) medial mammillary nucleus, medial part medial mammillary nucleus, median part medial subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus uberon FMA:62345 medial mammillary nucleus, medial part FMA:62345 medial subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus FMA:62345 medial mammillary nucleus, median part motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve ABA:V BM:Vm BTO:0001075 EV:0100273 FMA:54562 MA:0001029 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1222 SCTID:38390003 TAO:0001365 The trigeminal motor nucleus contains motor neurons that innervate muscles of the first branchial arch, namely the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric. UBERON:0002633 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1222-FMA_54562 VHOG:0001355 ZFA:0001365 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png motor nucleus V motor nucleus of cranial nerve v motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve motor trigeminal nucleus nV ncithesaurus:Motor_Nucleus_of_the_Trigeminal_Nerve note this in ZFA this is part of the medulla; pons is a dubious structure for zebrafish nucleus motorius nervi trigemini nucleus motorius nervi trigemini trigeminal V motor nucleus trigeminal motor nucleus uberon NIF MA FMA:54562 FMA:TA nucleus motorius nervi trigemini BTO:0001075 motor trigeminal nucleus ZFA:0001365 trigeminal motor nucleus ZFA:0001365 nV Wikipedia:Trigeminal_motor_nucleus nucleus motorius nervi trigemini The trigeminal motor nucleus contains motor neurons that innervate muscles of the first branchial arch, namely the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric. Wikipedia:Trigeminal_motor_nucleus FMA MA:0001029 trigeminal V motor nucleus FMA:54562 motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve ZFA:0001365 motor nucleus V ABA anterior nucleus of hypothalamus ABA:AHN BM:Die-Hy-HAA BTO:0002450 EV:0100231 FMA:62319 GAID:642 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.342.063 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1226 SCTID:369133009 The Anterior hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. Its function is thermoregulation (the maintenance of body temperature between certain parameters) of the body. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002634 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1226-FMA_62319 anterior hypothalamic area anterior hypothalamic nucleus area hypothalamica rostralis fundamental gray substance http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG nucleus anterior hypothalami parvocellular nucleus of hypothalamus uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus nucleus anterior hypothalami FMA:62319 anterior hypothalamic area FMA:62319 parvocellular nucleus of hypothalamus The Anterior hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. Its function is thermoregulation (the maintenance of body temperature between certain parameters) of the body. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus FMA:62319 FMA:TA area hypothalamica rostralis FMA:62319 fundamental gray substance FMA:62319 anterior hypothalamic nucleus BTO:0002450 nucleus anterior hypothalami regional part of midbrain tegmentum FMA:62399 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1227 UBERON:0002635 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1227-FMA_62399 midbrain tegmentum segment segment of midbrain tegmentum uberon FMA:62399 midbrain tegmentum segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1227 segment of midbrain tegmentum lateral pulvinar nucleus BM:Die-Th-Pl-Pll FMA:62181 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228 UBERON:0002636 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1228-FMA_62181 lateral pulvinar nucleus of thalamus nucleus pulvinaris lateralis nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (hassler) nucleus pulvinaris lateralis thalami nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars lateralis uberon FMA:62181 lateral pulvinar nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228 nucleus pulvinaris lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228 nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228 nucleus pulvinaris lateralis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228 nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (hassler) ventral anterior nucleus BM:Die-Th-VA BTO:0002468 EV:0100199 FMA:62184 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232 SCTID:279131008 The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002637 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1232-FMA_62184 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png ncithesaurus:Ventroanterior_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus nucleus lateropolaris nucleus ventralis anterior nucleus ventralis anterior thalami nucleus ventralis anterior thalami nucleus ventralis thalami anterior uberon ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus ventral anterior thalamic nucleus ventroanterior nucleus of the thalamus ventroanterior thalamic nucleus The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_anterior_nucleus FMA:62184 ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232 nucleus ventralis anterior thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232 nucleus ventralis anterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232 nucleus ventralis thalami anterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232 ventroanterior thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232 nucleus lateropolaris Wikipedia:Ventral_anterior_nucleus nucleus ventralis anterior thalami FMA:62184 ventral anterior thalamic nucleus medial pulvinar nucleus BM:Die-Th-Pl-Plm FMA:62182 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233 UBERON:0002638 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1233-FMA_62182 nucleus pulvinaris medialis nucleus pulvinaris medialis thalami nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars medialis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233 nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233 nucleus pulvinaris medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233 nucleus pulvinaris medialis thalami midbrain reticular formation BM:MB-MBRF FMA:62406 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1235 SCTID:369234009 UBERON:0002639 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1235-FMA_62406 reticular formation of midbrain tegmental reticular formation uberon FMA:62406 reticular formation of midbrain FMA:62406 tegmental reticular formation cuneocerebellar tract FMA:72637 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1238 The posterior external arcuate fibers (dorsal external arcuate fibers) take origin in the gracile and cuneate nuclei; they pass to the inferior peduncle of the same side. It is uncertain whether fibers are continued directly from the gracile and cuneate fasciculi into the inferior peduncle. The term 'cuneocerebellar tract' is sometimes used to collectively refer to the posterior external arcuate fibers. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002640 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1238-FMA_72637 cuneocerebellar fibers http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gray699.png/200px-Gray699.png uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1238 cuneocerebellar fibers The posterior external arcuate fibers (dorsal external arcuate fibers) take origin in the gracile and cuneate nuclei; they pass to the inferior peduncle of the same side. It is uncertain whether fibers are continued directly from the gracile and cuneate fasciculi into the inferior peduncle. The term 'cuneocerebellar tract' is sometimes used to collectively refer to the posterior external arcuate fibers. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cuneocerebellar_tract oral pulvinar nucleus BM:Die-Th-Pl-Pla FMA:62180 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1239 UBERON:0002641 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1239-FMA_62180 anterior pulvinar nucleus nucleus pulvinaris anterior nucleus pulvinaris oralis nucleus pulvinaris oralis thalami oral nuclear group of pulvinar oral part of pulvinar oral portion of pulvinar uberon FMA:62180 oral portion of pulvinar FMA:62180 anterior pulvinar nucleus FMA:62180 oral part of pulvinar FMA:62180 FMA:TA nucleus pulvinaris anterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1239 nucleus pulvinaris oralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1239 nucleus pulvinaris oralis thalami FMA:62180 oral nuclear group of pulvinar cuneate fasciculus of medulla FMA:72623 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1242 TODO - change definition to be the *whole* of the CF in the MO. isa parentage to fasciculus of brain should be inferred UBERON:0002642 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1242-FMA_72623 uberon decussation of medial lemniscus BM:Me-LMX FMA:72622 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1245 The sensory decussation or decussation of the lemniscus is a decussation or cross over of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus. The fibres of this decussation are called the internal arcuate fibres and are found at the superior aspect of the closed medulla superior to the motor decussation. It is part of the second neuron in the Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002643 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1245-FMA_72622 decussatio lemnisci medialis decussation of lemnisci decussation of lemniscus decussation of medial lemnisci http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray759.png/200px-Gray759.png medial lemniscus decussation medullary sensory decussation sensory decussation uberon The sensory decussation or decussation of the lemniscus is a decussation or cross over of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus. The fibres of this decussation are called the internal arcuate fibres and are found at the superior aspect of the closed medulla superior to the motor decussation. It is part of the second neuron in the Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sensory_decussation FMA:72622 medial lemniscus decussation FMA:72622 decussation of lemnisci FMA:72622 medullary sensory decussation Wikipedia:Sensory_decussation decussatio lemnisci medialis FMA:72622 decussation of medial lemnisci FMA:72622 sensory decussation FMA:72622 decussation of lemniscus intermediate orbital gyrus FMA:80183 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1247 UBERON:0002644 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1247-FMA_80183 uberon densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus FMA:62163 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1255 UBERON:0002645 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1255-FMA_62163 nucleus medialis dorsalis paralamellaris (hassler) nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars densocellularis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1255 nucleus medialis dorsalis paralamellaris (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1255 nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars densocellularis dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of medulla A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. FMA:72617 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1257 UBERON:0002646 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1257-FMA_72617 bundle of Schutz of medulla fasciculus of Schutz of medulla medulla bundle of Schutz medulla dorsal longitudinal fasciculus medulla fasciculus of Schutz medulla posterior longitudinal fasciculus posterior longitudinal fasciculus of medulla uberon OBOL:automatic medulla bundle of Schutz OBOL:automatic bundle of Schutz of medulla OBOL:automatic medulla fasciculus of Schutz OBOL:automatic fasciculus of Schutz of medulla OBOL:automatic medulla posterior longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic posterior longitudinal fasciculus of medulla OBOL:automatic medulla dorsal longitudinal fasciculus A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. OBOL:automatic magnocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus FMA:62161 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262 UBERON:0002647 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1262-FMA_62161 dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus magnocellular nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus magnocellular part of dorsomedial nucleus magnocellular part of mediodorsal nucleus nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars magnocellularis nucleus medialis fibrosus nucleus medialis fibrosus (hassler) pars magnocellularis nuclei mediodorsalis thalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262 nucleus medialis fibrosus (hassler) FMA:62161 FMA:TA pars magnocellularis nuclei mediodorsalis thalami FMA:62161 dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262 magnocellular part of mediodorsal nucleus FMA:62161 magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus FMA:62161 magnocellular part of dorsomedial nucleus FMA:62161 magnocellular nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262 nucleus medialis fibrosus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262 nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars magnocellularis anterior median eminence FMA:74870 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1264 UBERON:0002648 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1264-FMA_74870 uberon dorsolateral fasciculus of medulla . FMA:72616 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1267 SCTID:369287009 UBERON:0002649 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1267-FMA_72616 dorsolateral tract lissauer's tract ncithesaurus:Tract_of_Lissauer posterolateral fasciculus posterolateral tract tract of lissauer tractus posterolateralis uberon zone of lissauer FMA:72616 lissauer's tract . Wikipedia:Lissauer's_tract FMA:72616 FMA:TA tractus posterolateralis FMA:72616 dorsolateral tract FMA:72616 posterolateral tract FMA:72616 posterolateral fasciculus paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus FMA:62160 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276 UBERON:0002650 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1276-FMA_62160 dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part nucleus medialis dorsalis caudalis (hassler) nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami, pars multiformis nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars multiformis nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars paralaminaris paralaminar part of dorsomedial nucleus paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus pars paralaminaris nuclei mediodorsalis thalami pars paralaminaris of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus uberon ventral mediodorsal nucleus FMA:62160 pars paralaminaris of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus FMA:62160 FMA:TA pars paralaminaris nuclei mediodorsalis thalami FMA:62160 paralaminar part of dorsomedial nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276 mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276 nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami, pars multiformis FMA:62160 paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276 nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars paralaminaris FMA:62160 dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276 nucleus medialis dorsalis caudalis (hassler) FMA:62160 ventral mediodorsal nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276 nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars multiformis anterior horn of lateral ventricle FMA:74520 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1279 SCTID:279247001 The anterior cornu (frontal horn, anterior horn; precornu) of the lateral ventricle passes forward and lateralward, with a slight inclination downward, from the interventricular foramen into the frontal lobe, curving around the anterior end of the caudate nucleus. Its floor is formed by the upper surface of the reflected portion of the corpus callosum, the rostrum. It is bounded medially by the anterior portion of the septum pellucidum, and laterally by the head of the caudate nucleus. Its apex reaches the posterior surface of the genu of the corpus callosum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002651 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1279-FMA_74520 anterior horn of lateral ventricle cornu anterius cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis frontal horn of lateral ventricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray735.png/200px-Gray735.png ncithesaurus:Frontal_Horn_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle uberon FMA:74520 FMA:TA cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle cornu anterius The anterior cornu (frontal horn, anterior horn; precornu) of the lateral ventricle passes forward and lateralward, with a slight inclination downward, from the interventricular foramen into the frontal lobe, curving around the anterior end of the caudate nucleus. Its floor is formed by the upper surface of the reflected portion of the corpus callosum, the rostrum. It is bounded medially by the anterior portion of the septum pellucidum, and laterally by the head of the caudate nucleus. Its apex reaches the posterior surface of the genu of the corpus callosum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle FMA:74520 frontal horn of lateral ventricle FMA:74520 anterior horn of lateral ventricle posterior median eminence FMA:74875 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1280 UBERON:0002652 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1280-FMA_74875 uberon gracile fasciculus of medulla FMA:72624 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1282 UBERON:0002653 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1282-FMA_72624 column of goll fasciculus of goll goll's tract gracile fascicle (gall) gracile fascicle of medulla medulla segment of fasciculus gracilis medulla segment of gracile fasciculus tract of gall uberon FMA:72624 medulla segment of gracile fasciculus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1282 gracile fascicle (gall) FMA:72624 goll's tract FMA:72624 gracile fascicle of medulla FMA:72624 medulla segment of fasciculus gracilis parvicellular part of medial dorsal nucleus FMA:62162 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283 UBERON:0002654 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1283-FMA_62162 dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part lateral mediodorsal nucleus lateral nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pars fasciculosa nucleus medialis dorsalis fasciculosis (hassler) nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus fasciculosis (hassler) nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars parvicellularis pars parvocellularis lateralis nuclei mediodorsalis thalami pars principalis nuclei ventralis anterior thalami parvicellular part of dorsomedial nucleus parvocellular nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus principal division of ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283 nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus fasciculosis (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283 mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pars fasciculosa FMA:62162 parvocellular nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283 nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars parvicellularis FMA:62162 principal division of ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus FMA:62162 FMA:TA pars principalis nuclei ventralis anterior thalami FMA:62162 parvicellular part of dorsomedial nucleus FMA:62162 dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283 nucleus medialis dorsalis fasciculosis (hassler) FMA:62162 FMA:TA pars parvocellularis lateralis nuclei mediodorsalis thalami FMA:62162 lateral mediodorsal nucleus FMA:62162 lateral nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus body of lateral ventricle FMA:83703 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1287 SCTID:279246005 The body of lateral ventricle (cella) extends from the interventricular foramen to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is an irregularly curved cavity, triangular on transverse section, with a roof, a floor, and a medial wall. The roof is formed by the under surface of the corpus callosum; the floor by the following parts, enumerated in their order of position, from before backward: the caudate nucleus of the corpus striatum, the stria terminalis and the terminal vein, the lateral portion of the upper surface of the thalamus, the choroid plexus, and the lateral part of the fornix; the medial wall is the posterior part of the septum pellucidum, which separates it from the opposite ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002655 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1287-FMA_83703 central part of lateral ventricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray735.png/200px-Gray735.png lateral ventricular body ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle pars centralis ventriculi lateralis pars centralis ventriculi lateralis uberon FMA:83703 central part of lateral ventricle Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle pars centralis ventriculi lateralis FMA:83703 FMA:TA pars centralis ventriculi lateralis The body of lateral ventricle (cella) extends from the interventricular foramen to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is an irregularly curved cavity, triangular on transverse section, with a roof, a floor, and a medial wall. The roof is formed by the under surface of the corpus callosum; the floor by the following parts, enumerated in their order of position, from before backward: the caudate nucleus of the corpus striatum, the stria terminalis and the terminal vein, the lateral portion of the upper surface of the thalamus, the choroid plexus, and the lateral part of the fornix; the medial wall is the posterior part of the septum pellucidum, which separates it from the opposite ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle FMA:83703 lateral ventricular body periamygdaloid area BM:Tel-Cx-PAM FMA:62485 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1291 UBERON:0002656 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1291-FMA_62485 para-amygdaloid cortex periamygdaloid cortex periamygdaloid region semilunar gyrus uberon ventral cortical nucleus of amygdala FMA:62485 para-amygdaloid cortex FMA:62485 periamygdaloid cortex FMA:62485 ventral cortical nucleus of amygdala FMA:62485 periamygdaloid region FMA:62485 semilunar gyrus posterior parahippocampal gyrus FMA:67966 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1295 UBERON:0002657 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1295-FMA_67966 parahippocampal gyrus (amaral) parahippocampal gyrus (insausti) uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1295 parahippocampal gyrus (insausti) medial lemniscus of midbrain A medial lemniscus that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. FMA:72461 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1296 UBERON:0002658 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1296-FMA_72461 midbrain medial lemniscus uberon OBOL:automatic midbrain medial lemniscus A medial lemniscus that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic superior medullary velum FMA:74508 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1300 SCTID:369269006 The superior medullary velum (anterior medullary velum, valve of Vieussens) is a thin, transparent of white substance, which stretches between the superior cerebellar peduncles; on the dorsal surface of its lower half the folia and lingula are prolonged. It forms, together with the superior cerebellar peduncle, the roof of the upper part of the fourth ventricle; it is narrow above, where it passes beneath the inferior colliculi, and broader below, where it is continuous with the white substance of the superior vermis. A slightly elevated ridge, the fraenulum veli, descends upon its upper part from between the inferior colliculi, and on either side of this the trochlear nerve emerges. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002659 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1300-FMA_74508 anterior medullary velum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gray701.png/200px-Gray701.png uberon velum medullare superius Wikipedia:Superior_medullary_velum velum medullare superius The superior medullary velum (anterior medullary velum, valve of Vieussens) is a thin, transparent of white substance, which stretches between the superior cerebellar peduncles; on the dorsal surface of its lower half the folia and lingula are prolonged. It forms, together with the superior cerebellar peduncle, the roof of the upper part of the fourth ventricle; it is narrow above, where it passes beneath the inferior colliculi, and broader below, where it is continuous with the white substance of the superior vermis. A slightly elevated ridge, the fraenulum veli, descends upon its upper part from between the inferior colliculi, and on either side of this the trochlear nerve emerges. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_medullary_velum FMA:74508 anterior medullary velum medial longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. FMA:72454 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1302 UBERON:0002660 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1302-FMA_72454 midbrain medial longitudinal fasciculus uberon OBOL:automatic midbrain medial longitudinal fasciculus A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic superior frontal gyrus BTO:0004836 EFO:0001991 FMA:61857 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1303 SCTID:279166005 The superior frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002661 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1303-FMA_61857 gyrus frontalis superior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Superior_frontal_gyrus.png/200px-Superior_frontal_gyrus.png marginal gyrus ncithesaurus:Superior_Frontal_Convolution superior frontal convolution uberon Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_gyrus gyrus frontalis superior FMA:61857 marginal gyrus FMA:61857 superior frontal convolution The superior frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_gyrus medial pes lemniscus FMA:72460 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1310 UBERON:0002662 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1310-FMA_72460 superficial pes lemniscus uberon FMA:72460 superficial pes lemniscus septal nuclear complex EHDAA2:0004709 FMA:61845 GAID:637 MA:0002978 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.750.800 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1313 TODO - nucleus vs nuclear complex The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds &amp; Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002663 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1313-FMA_61845 nuclei septales parolfactory nuclei septal nuclei septal nucleus uberon FMA:61845 parolfactory nuclei FMA:61845 septal nuclei MA:0002978 septal nucleus The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds &amp; Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Septal_nuclei Wikipedia:Septal_nuclei nuclei septales lateral part of medial mammillary nucleus FMA:62346 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1314 UBERON:0002664 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1314-FMA_62346 intercalated mammillary nucleus intermediate mammillary nucleus lateral mammillary nucleus (gagel) lateral subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part uberon FMA:62346 medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part FMA:62346 intermediate mammillary nucleus FMA:62346 lateral subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus FMA:62346 intercalated mammillary nucleus supracallosal gyrus BTO:0003738 FMA:61920 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1316 SCTID:369231001 The supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus) consists of a thin layer of grey matter in contact with the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum and continuous laterally with the grey matter of the cingulate gyrus. It contains two longitudinally directed strands of fibers termed respectively the medial and lateral longitudinal striae. The supracallosal gyrus is prolonged around the splenium of the corpus callosum as a delicate lamina, the fasciola cinerea, which is continuous below with the fascia dentata hippocampi. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002665 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1316-FMA_61920 supracommissural hippocampal rudiment supracommissural hippocampus uberon The supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus) consists of a thin layer of grey matter in contact with the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum and continuous laterally with the grey matter of the cingulate gyrus. It contains two longitudinally directed strands of fibers termed respectively the medial and lateral longitudinal striae. The supracallosal gyrus is prolonged around the splenium of the corpus callosum as a delicate lamina, the fasciola cinerea, which is continuous below with the fascia dentata hippocampi. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Supracallosal_gyrus FMA:61920 supracommissural hippocampus FMA:61920 supracommissural hippocampal rudiment mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve FMA:72489 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1318 SCTID:369263007 UBERON:0002666 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1318-FMA_72489 mesencephalic root of v mesencephalic trigeminal tract uberon FMA:72489 mesencephalic trigeminal tract lateral septal nucleus ABA:LS BM:Tel-Spt-SLN FMA:61878 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321 UBERON:0002667 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1321-FMA_61878 lateral parolfactory nucleus lateral septal nucleus (cajal) lateral septum lateral septum nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321 lateral septum nucleus FMA:61878 lateral parolfactory nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321 lateral septum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321 lateral septal nucleus (cajal) oculomotor nerve fibers FMA:72457 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1323 UBERON:0002668 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1323-FMA_72457 central part of oculomotor nerve oculomotor nerve fibers root of oculomotor nerve todo - make subclass of root of cranial nerve uberon FMA:72457 oculomotor nerve fibers FMA:72457 root of oculomotor nerve FMA:72457 central part of oculomotor nerve anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus FMA:83760 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1327 UBERON:0002669 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1327-FMA_83760 anterior branch of lateral sulcus anterior horizontal limb of lateral fissure anterior horizontal ramus of lateral fissure anterior ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus horizontal limb of lateral fissure horizontal ramus of sylvian fissure ramus anterior sulci lateralis cerebri uberon FMA:83760 anterior branch of lateral sulcus FMA:83760 horizontal limb of lateral fissure FMA:83760 anterior horizontal ramus of lateral fissure FMA:83760 FMA:TA ramus anterior sulci lateralis cerebri FMA:83760 anterior horizontal limb of lateral fissure FMA:83760 anterior ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus FMA:83759 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1330 UBERON:0002670 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1330-FMA_83759 anterior ascending limb of lateral fissure anterior ascending ramus of lateral sulcus ascending branch of lateral sulcus ascending ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus ascending ramus of sylvian fissure middle ramus of lateral fissure ramus ascendens sulci lateralis cerebri superior branch of lateral fissure uberon FMA:83759 ascending branch of lateral sulcus FMA:83759 anterior ascending limb of lateral fissure FMA:83759 anterior ascending ramus of lateral sulcus FMA:83759 FMA:TA ramus ascendens sulci lateralis cerebri FMA:83759 middle ramus of lateral fissure FMA:83759 ascending ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus FMA:83759 superior branch of lateral fissure pallidotegmental fasciculus FMA:72458 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1331 UBERON:0002671 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1331-FMA_72458 pallidotegmental tract uberon FMA:72458 pallidotegmental tract anterior subcentral sulcus FMA:83765 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1332 UBERON:0002672 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1332-FMA_83765 uberon vestibular nuclear complex ABA:VNC BM:Me-VS BTO:0004368 EV:0100254 Editor notes: In TA they are grouped in both the pons and medulla; WP says the SVN is in the pons, and GO includes VNC development under pons development, but this is not supported by ABA. Todo - check with NIF FMA:72239 GAID:602 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.600.800 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1337 The vestibular nuclei are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002673 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1337-FMA_72239 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png nuclei vestibulares nuclei vestibulares in medulla oblongata uberon vestibular nuclei vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata vestibular nucleus ABA FMA NIF The vestibular nuclei are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612305510069 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3413105&group_id=36855 FMA:72239 FMA:TA nuclei vestibulares in medulla oblongata FMA:72239 vestibular nuclei Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei nuclei vestibulares GO:0021750 vestibular nucleus FMA:72239 vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei diagonal sulcus FMA:83758 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1344 UBERON:0002675 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1344-FMA_83758 uberon ventral supraoptic decussation FMA:62052 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1347 The ventral supraoptic decussation is the crossover point for signals from the left and right eye, en route respectively to the right and left sides of the visual cortex. Occupying the posterior part of the commissure of the optic chiasma is a strand of fibers, the Ventral supraoptic decussation (commissure of Gudden, Gudden's inferior commissure), which is not derived from the optic nerves; it forms a connecting link between the medial geniculate bodies. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002676 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1347-FMA_62052 commissura supraoptica ventralis commissura supraoptica ventralis commissure of gudden gudden commissure gudden's commissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray722.png/200px-Gray722.png supraoptic commissures, ventral uberon ventral supra-optic commissure ventral supraoptic commissure (of Meynert) ventral supraoptic decussation of gudden von Gudden's commissure FMA:62052 FMA:TA commissura supraoptica ventralis FMA:62052 ventral supra-optic commissure FMA:62052 gudden's commissure FMA:62052 gudden commissure Wikipedia:Ventral_supraoptic_decussation commissura supraoptica ventralis FMA:62052 supraoptic commissures, ventral FMA:62052 von Gudden's commissure The ventral supraoptic decussation is the crossover point for signals from the left and right eye, en route respectively to the right and left sides of the visual cortex. Occupying the posterior part of the commissure of the optic chiasma is a strand of fibers, the Ventral supraoptic decussation (commissure of Gudden, Gudden's inferior commissure), which is not derived from the optic nerves; it forms a connecting link between the medial geniculate bodies. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_supraoptic_decussation regional part of medullary raphe nuclear complex A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary raphe nuclear complex [Obol]. FMA:83951 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1349 UBERON:0002677 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1349-FMA_83951 anatomical structure of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla anatomical structure of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata biological structure of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex biological structure of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla biological structure of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure of medullary raphe nuclear complex brain anatomical structure of raphe nuclei of medulla brain anatomical structure of raphe of medulla oblongata brain biological structure of medullary raphe nuclear complex brain biological structure of raphe nuclei of medulla brain biological structure of raphe of medulla oblongata medullary raphe nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain medullary raphe nuclear complex biological structure of brain medullary raphe nuclear complex brain anatomical structure medullary raphe nuclear complex brain biological structure medullary raphe nuclear complex neuraxis segment medullary raphe nuclear complex regional part of brain medullary raphe nuclear complex segment medullary raphe nuclear complex segment of brain neuraxis segment of medullary raphe nuclear complex neuraxis segment of raphe nuclei of medulla neuraxis segment of raphe of medulla oblongata raphe nuclei of medulla anatomical structure of brain raphe nuclei of medulla biological structure of brain raphe nuclei of medulla brain anatomical structure raphe nuclei of medulla brain biological structure raphe nuclei of medulla neuraxis segment raphe nuclei of medulla regional part of brain raphe nuclei of medulla segment of brain raphe of medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain raphe of medulla oblongata biological structure of brain raphe of medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure raphe of medulla oblongata brain biological structure raphe of medulla oblongata neuraxis segment raphe of medulla oblongata regional part of brain raphe of medulla oblongata segment of brain regional part of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex regional part of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla regional part of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata segment of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex segment of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla segment of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata segment of medullary raphe nuclear complex uberon OBOL:automatic raphe nuclei of medulla brain anatomical structure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1349 segment of medullary raphe nuclear complex OBOL:automatic raphe nuclei of medulla anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of medullary raphe nuclear complex OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of raphe of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex OBOL:automatic raphe nuclei of medulla segment of brain OBOL:automatic medullary raphe nuclear complex brain anatomical structure A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary raphe nuclear complex [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic segment of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic raphe of medulla oblongata brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of medullary raphe nuclear complex OBOL:automatic raphe nuclei of medulla biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic raphe of medulla oblongata segment of brain OBOL:automatic medullary raphe nuclear complex neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic medullary raphe nuclear complex anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla OBOL:automatic raphe of medulla oblongata biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of raphe nuclei of medulla OBOL:automatic raphe nuclei of medulla regional part of brain OBOL:automatic raphe nuclei of medulla neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic raphe of medulla oblongata neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of medullary raphe nuclear complex OBOL:automatic raphe nuclei of medulla brain biological structure FMA:83951 medullary raphe nuclear complex segment OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of raphe nuclei of medulla OBOL:automatic raphe of medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic medullary raphe nuclear complex biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of raphe nuclei of medulla OBOL:automatic medullary raphe nuclear complex segment of brain OBOL:automatic raphe of medulla oblongata regional part of brain OBOL:automatic raphe of medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of raphe of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of raphe of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex OBOL:automatic medullary raphe nuclear complex brain biological structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of raphe nuclei of medulla OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of raphe of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic medullary raphe nuclear complex regional part of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of medullary raphe nuclear complex regional part of medulla oblongata A regional part of brain that is part of a medulla oblongata [Obol]. FMA:71011 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1355 UBERON:0002678 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1355-FMA_71011 anatomical structure of brain of bulb anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata anatomical structure of brain of metepencephalon biological structure of brain of bulb biological structure of brain of medulla oblongata biological structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata biological structure of brain of metepencephalon brain anatomical structure of bulb brain anatomical structure of medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure of medulla oblonmgata brain anatomical structure of metepencephalon brain biological structure of bulb brain biological structure of medulla oblongata brain biological structure of medulla oblonmgata brain biological structure of metepencephalon bulb anatomical structure of brain bulb biological structure of brain bulb brain anatomical structure bulb brain biological structure bulb neuraxis segment bulb regional part of brain bulb segment of brain medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain medulla oblongata biological structure of brain medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure medulla oblongata brain biological structure medulla oblongata neuraxis segment medulla oblongata regional part of brain medulla oblongata segment of brain medulla oblonmgata anatomical structure of brain medulla oblonmgata biological structure of brain medulla oblonmgata brain anatomical structure medulla oblonmgata brain biological structure medulla oblonmgata neuraxis segment medulla oblonmgata regional part of brain medulla oblonmgata segment of brain medullary oblongata segment metepencephalon anatomical structure of brain metepencephalon biological structure of brain metepencephalon brain anatomical structure metepencephalon brain biological structure metepencephalon neuraxis segment metepencephalon regional part of brain metepencephalon segment of brain neuraxis segment of bulb neuraxis segment of medulla oblongata neuraxis segment of medulla oblonmgata neuraxis segment of metepencephalon regional part of brain of bulb regional part of brain of medulla oblongata regional part of brain of medulla oblonmgata regional part of brain of metepencephalon segment of brain of bulb segment of brain of medulla oblongata segment of brain of medulla oblonmgata segment of brain of metepencephalon segment of medulla oblongata uberon OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata segment of brain OBOL:automatic metepencephalon brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of bulb OBOL:automatic metepencephalon regional part of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic metepencephalon brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic metepencephalon neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic bulb neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata brain biological structure OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic metepencephalon segment of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of bulb OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of bulb OBOL:automatic bulb anatomical structure of brain A regional part of brain that is part of a medulla oblongata [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bulb brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic metepencephalon anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata regional part of brain OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic bulb segment of brain FMA:71011 medullary oblongata segment OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of bulb OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata segment of brain NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1355 segment of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of bulb OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic segment of brain of bulb OBOL:automatic bulb biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of bulb OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata brain biological structure OBOL:automatic metepencephalon biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic bulb brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic bulb regional part of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata regional part of brain anterodorsal nucleus ABA:AD BM:Die-Th-AD FMA:62141 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 SCTID:279127002 UBERON:0002679 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1358-FMA_62141 anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus anterodorsal thalamic nucleus nucleus anterior dorsalis nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami nucleus anterior thalami dorsalis nucleus anterodorsalis nucleus anterodorsalis (hassler) nucleus anterodorsalis thalami nucleus anterosuperior nucleus thalamicus anterodorsalis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami FMA:62141 anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus anterodorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus FMA:62141 anterodorsal thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus anterior thalami dorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus anterior dorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus anterodorsalis (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus thalamicus anterodorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus anterosuperior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 nucleus anterodorsalis thalami regional part of metencephalon A regional part of brain that is part of a metencephalon [Obol]. FMA:67942 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1361 UBERON:0002680 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1361-FMA_67942 anatomical structure of brain of epencephalon-2 anatomical structure of brain of metencephalon biological structure of brain of epencephalon-2 biological structure of brain of metencephalon brain anatomical structure of epencephalon-2 brain anatomical structure of metencephalon brain biological structure of epencephalon-2 brain biological structure of metencephalon epencephalon-2 anatomical structure of brain epencephalon-2 biological structure of brain epencephalon-2 brain anatomical structure epencephalon-2 brain biological structure epencephalon-2 neuraxis segment epencephalon-2 regional part of brain epencephalon-2 segment of brain metencephalon anatomical structure of brain metencephalon biological structure of brain metencephalon brain anatomical structure metencephalon brain biological structure metencephalon neuraxis segment metencephalon regional part of brain metencephalon segment of brain metencephalon subdivision neuraxis segment of epencephalon-2 neuraxis segment of metencephalon regional part of brain of epencephalon-2 regional part of brain of metencephalon segment of brain of epencephalon-2 segment of brain of metencephalon segment of metencephalon uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1361 segment of metencephalon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of metencephalon OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic segment of brain of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 segment of brain OBOL:automatic metencephalon neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic metencephalon biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 regional part of brain OBOL:automatic metencephalon brain biological structure OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of metencephalon A regional part of brain that is part of a metencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of metencephalon OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic metencephalon segment of brain OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of metencephalon OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of metencephalon OBOL:automatic metencephalon anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of metencephalon FMA:67942 metencephalon subdivision OBOL:automatic metencephalon brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic metencephalon regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of metencephalon anteromedial nucleus ABA:AM BM:Die-AM FMA:62142 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 SCTID:279128007 UBERON:0002681 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1365-FMA_62142 anteromedial nucleus of thalamus anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus anteromedial thalamic nucleus nucleus anterior medialis nucleus anterior medialis thalami nucleus anterior thalami medialis nucleus anteromedialis nucleus anteromedialis (hassler) nucleus anteromedialis thalami nucleus thalamicus anteromedialis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 nucleus anterior medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 nucleus anterior thalami medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 nucleus thalamicus anteromedialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 nucleus anteromedialis thalami FMA:62142 anteromedial nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 nucleus anteromedialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 nucleus anterior medialis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 nucleus anteromedialis (hassler) FMA:62142 anteromedial thalamic nucleus abducens nucleus ABA:VI BM:Pons-VI EHDAA2:0004310 EV:0100266 FMA:54504 MA:0001010 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1366 SCTID:280165008 TAO:0000713 The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. This nucleus is located beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons, medial to the sulcus limitans. The abducens nucleus along with the internal genu of the facial nerve make up the facial colliculus, a hump at the caudal end of the medial eminence on the dorsal aspect of the pons. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002682 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1366-FMA_54504 ZFA:0000713 abducens VI nucleus abducens motor nucleus abducens nerve nucleus abducent nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png motor nucleus VI nVI ncithesaurus:Abducens_Nucleus nucleus nervi abducentis nucleus nervi abducentis nucleus of abducens nerve nucleus of abducens nerve (VI) part of medulla oblongata in ABA and ZFA; part of pons in MA and pontine tegmentum in NIF; note that pons/medulla are spatially disjoint in ABA. sixth cranial nerve nucleus uberon ABA GO MA NIF ZFA FMA:54504 nucleus of abducens nerve ZFA:0000713 motor nucleus VI FMA:54504 sixth cranial nerve nucleus The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. This nucleus is located beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons, medial to the sulcus limitans. The abducens nucleus along with the internal genu of the facial nerve make up the facial colliculus, a hump at the caudal end of the medial eminence on the dorsal aspect of the pons. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Abducens_nucleus FMA:54504 nucleus of abducens nerve (VI) FMA FMA:54504 FMA:TA nucleus nervi abducentis MA:0001010 abducens VI nucleus Wikipedia:Abducens_nucleus nucleus nervi abducentis ZFA:0000713 abducens motor nucleus ZFA:0000713 nVI FMA:54504 abducens nerve nucleus FMA:54504 abducent nucleus rhinal sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-RS FMA:83746 In the human brain, the rhinencephalon appears as a longitudinal elevation, with a corresponding internal furrow, on the under surface of the hemisphere close to the lamina terminalis; it is separated from the lateral surface of the hemisphere by a furrow, the external rhinal fissure (or rhinal sulcus), and is continuous behind with that part of the hemisphere, which will ultimately form the anterior end of the temporal lobe. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368 SCTID:279357002 UBERON:0002683 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1368-FMA_83746 fissura rhinalis rhinal fissuer (turner, rezius) rhinal fissure sulcus rhinalis sulcus rhinalis; fissura rhinalis uberon In the human brain, the rhinencephalon appears as a longitudinal elevation, with a corresponding internal furrow, on the under surface of the hemisphere close to the lamina terminalis; it is separated from the lateral surface of the hemisphere by a furrow, the external rhinal fissure (or rhinal sulcus), and is continuous behind with that part of the hemisphere, which will ultimately form the anterior end of the temporal lobe. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Rhinal_sulcus Wikipedia:Rhinal_sulcus sulcus rhinalis; fissura rhinalis FMA:83746 rhinal fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368 rhinal fissuer (turner, rezius) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368 fissura rhinalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368 sulcus rhinalis nucleus raphe obscurus ABA:RO FMA:72585 MA:0002981 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1369 The raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis . This so called obscure nucleus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has been observed that the ablation of this nucleus causes a change in the firing pattern in the XII nerve . In addition, the raphe obscurus mediates expiration via the inhibitory effect of serotonin and depresses periodic synaptic potentials . It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function; microinjections of 5-HT into the n.r. obscurus increase gastric movement . [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002684 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1369-FMA_72585 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png nucleus raphes obscurus nucleus raphes obscurus obscurus raphe nucleus raphe obscurus nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_obscurus nucleus raphes obscurus FMA:72585 obscurus raphe nucleus FMA The raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis . This so called obscure nucleus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has been observed that the ablation of this nucleus causes a change in the firing pattern in the XII nerve . In addition, the raphe obscurus mediates expiration via the inhibitory effect of serotonin and depresses periodic synaptic potentials . It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function; microinjections of 5-HT into the n.r. obscurus increase gastric movement . [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_obscurus FMA:72585 raphe obscurus nucleus FMA:72585 FMA:TA nucleus raphes obscurus anteroventral nucleus ABA:AV BM:Die-AV EV:0100199 FMA:62143 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 SCTID:279130009 UBERON:0002685 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1372-FMA_62143 anterior ventral nucleus of thalamus anteroprincipal thalamic nucleus anteroventral nucleus of thalamus anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus anteroventral thalamic nucleus nucleus anterior thalami ventralis nucleus anterior ventralis nucleus anteroinferior nucleus anteroventralis nucleus anteroventralis thalami nucleus thalamicus anteroprincipalis nucleus thalamicus anteroventralis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 nucleus anterior ventralis FMA:62143 anteroventral thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 nucleus anteroventralis FMA:62143 anteroventral nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 nucleus anteroventralis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 nucleus anterior thalami ventralis FMA:62143 anteroprincipal thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 nucleus anteroinferior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 nucleus thalamicus anteroventralis FMA:62143 anterior ventral nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 nucleus thalamicus anteroprincipalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus angular gyrus FMA:61898 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1376 SCTID:279186009 The angular gyrus is a region of the brain in the parietal lobe, that lies near the superior edge of the temporal lobe, and immediately posterior to the supramarginal gyrus; it is involved in a number of processes related to language, mathematics and cognition. It is Brodmann area 39 of the human brain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002686 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1376-FMA_61898 gyrus angularis middle part of inferior parietal lobule ncithesaurus:Angular_Gyrus preoccipital gyrus uberon FMA:61898 preoccipital gyrus Wikipedia:Angular_gyrus gyrus angularis FMA:61898 middle part of inferior parietal lobule The angular gyrus is a region of the brain in the parietal lobe, that lies near the superior edge of the temporal lobe, and immediately posterior to the supramarginal gyrus; it is involved in a number of processes related to language, mathematics and cognition. It is Brodmann area 39 of the human brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Angular_gyrus area x FMA:62198 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379 UBERON:0002687 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1379-FMA_62198 anteromedial part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones) area x of olszewski nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs ventralis medialis nucleus ventralis oralis, pars posterior (dewulf) nucleus ventrooralis internus (hassler) nucleus ventrooralis internus, superior part uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379 nucleus ventrooralis internus (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379 nucleus ventralis oralis, pars posterior (dewulf) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379 nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs ventralis medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379 area x of olszewski NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379 nucleus ventrooralis internus, superior part supramarginal gyrus Brodmann area 40 Brodmann area 40, or BA40, is part of the parietal cortex in the human brain. The inferior part of BA40 is in the area of the supramarginal gyrus, which lies at the posterior end of the lateral fissure, in the inferior lateral part of the parietal lobe. It is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior postcentral sulcus, the posterior subcentral sulcus and the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the angular area 39 (H), rostrally and dorsally by the caudal postcentral area 2, and ventrally by the subcentral area 43 and the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). Cytoarchitectonically defined subregions of rostral BA40/the supramarginal gyrus are PF, PFcm, PFm, PFop, and PFt. Area PF is the homologue to macaque area PF, part of the mirror neuron system, and active in humans during imitation. The supramarginal gyrus part of Brodmann area 40 is the region in the inferior parietal lobe that is involved in reading both in regards to meaning and phonology. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:61897 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1381 SCTID:279185008 UBERON:0002688 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1381-FMA_61897 anterior part of inferior parietal lobule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gehirn%2C_lateral_-_Hauptgyri_beschriftet.svg/200px-Gehirn%2C_lateral_-_Hauptgyri_beschriftet.svg.png inferior parietal lobule (krieg) ncithesaurus:Supramarginal_Gyrus uberon Brodmann area 40, or BA40, is part of the parietal cortex in the human brain. The inferior part of BA40 is in the area of the supramarginal gyrus, which lies at the posterior end of the lateral fissure, in the inferior lateral part of the parietal lobe. It is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior postcentral sulcus, the posterior subcentral sulcus and the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the angular area 39 (H), rostrally and dorsally by the caudal postcentral area 2, and ventrally by the subcentral area 43 and the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). Cytoarchitectonically defined subregions of rostral BA40/the supramarginal gyrus are PF, PFcm, PFm, PFop, and PFt. Area PF is the homologue to macaque area PF, part of the mirror neuron system, and active in humans during imitation. The supramarginal gyrus part of Brodmann area 40 is the region in the inferior parietal lobe that is involved in reading both in regards to meaning and phonology. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Supramarginal_gyrus FMA:61897 anterior part of inferior parietal lobule Brodmann area 40 Wikipedia:Supramarginal_gyrus supraoptic crest ABA:OV AO notes: NIF has two classes here FMA:62315 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1400 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100313 UBERON:0002689 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1400-FMA_62315 one of the circumventricular organs of the brain. The OVLT is outside the blood brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to factors that are present in the systemic circulation. organum vasculosum lamina terminalis organum vasculosum laminae terminalis prechiasmatic gland uberon vascular organ of lamina terminalis MA-moved Wikipedia:Organum_vasculosum_of_the_lamina_terminalis https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3474225&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 one of the circumventricular organs of the brain. The OVLT is outside the blood brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to factors that are present in the systemic circulation. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100313 organum vasculosum lamina terminalis FMA:62315 FMA:TA organum vasculosum laminae terminalis FMA:TA organum vasculosum laminae terminalis FMA:62315 vascular organ of lamina terminalis FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1400 prechiasmatic gland anteroventral periventricular nucleus ABA:AVPV FMA:62314 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1401 UBERON:0002690 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1401-FMA_62314 uberon ventral tegmental area ABA:VTA BM:MB-VTA EFO:0001935 FMA:72438 GAID:587 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.822.820 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1415 The ventral tegmentum (tegmentum is Latin for covering), better known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002691 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1415-FMA_72438 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gray712.png/200px-Gray712.png uberon ventral tegmental area of tsai ventral tegmental nucleus (tsai) ventral tegmental nucleus of tsai The ventral tegmentum (tegmentum is Latin for covering), better known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_tegmental_area medullary raphe nuclear complex FMA:68874 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1420 SCTID:362420006 UBERON:0002692 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1420-FMA_68874 raphe medullae oblongatae raphe nuclei of medulla raphe of medulla oblongata uberon FMA:68874 raphe of medulla oblongata FMA FMA:68874 FMA:TA raphe medullae oblongatae FMA:68874 raphe nuclei of medulla Wikipedia occipitotemporal sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-OTS FMA:74518 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1422 SCTID:369220009 UBERON:0002693 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1422-FMA_74518 inferior temporal fissure inferior temporal fissure (crosby) inferior temporal sulcus (roberts) inferior temporal sulcus (szikla) inferior temporal sulcus-2 lateral occipitotemporal sulcus occipito-temporal sulcus third temporal sulcus uberon FMA:74518 inferior temporal sulcus-2 FMA:74518 inferior temporal fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1422 inferior temporal fissure (crosby) FMA:74518 third temporal sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1422 lateral occipitotemporal sulcus FMA:74518 occipito-temporal sulcus anterior hypothalamic commissure FMA:62053 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1424 UBERON:0002694 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1424-FMA_62053 anterior hypothalamic commissure (ganser) anterior hypothalamic decussation of ganser uberon parieto-occipital sulcus AO notes - two classes in ncit (in general ncit distinguishes between fissue and sulcus, whereas FMA treats these as exact synonyms) BM:Tel-Cx-POS FMA:83754 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428 Only a small part of the Parietooccipital Fissure (or parieto-occipital sulcus) is seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface. The lateral part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 726) is situated about 5 cm. in front of the occipital pole of the hemisphere, and measures about 1.25 cm. in length. The medial part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 727) runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases it contains a submerged gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. OpenCyc:Mx4rv7l_DJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279354009 UBERON:0002695 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1428-FMA_83754 fissura parieto-occipitalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gray726_parieto-occipital_sulcus.png/200px-Gray726_parieto-occipital_sulcus.png ncithesaurus:Parieto-occipital_Fissure ncithesaurus:Parieto-occipital_Sulcus parieto-occipital fissure parieto-occipital incisure parietooccipital sulcus sulcus parieto-occipitalis sulcus parieto-occipitalis medialis sulcus parietoccipitalis sulcus parietooccipitalis sulcus parietooccipitalis, fissura parietooccipitalis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428 sulcus parietoccipitalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428 sulcus parieto-occipitalis medialis Only a small part of the Parietooccipital Fissure (or parieto-occipital sulcus) is seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface. The lateral part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 726) is situated about 5 cm. in front of the occipital pole of the hemisphere, and measures about 1.25 cm. in length. The medial part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 727) runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases it contains a submerged gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Parieto-occipital_sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428 sulcus parietooccipitalis Wikipedia:Parieto-occipital_sulcus sulcus parietooccipitalis, fissura parietooccipitalis FMA:83754 parieto-occipital incisure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428 sulcus parieto-occipitalis FMA:83754 parietooccipital sulcus FMA:83754 parieto-occipital fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428 fissura parieto-occipitalis cuneiform nucleus ABA:CUN BM:MB-CNF FMA:72427 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1430 UBERON:0002696 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1430-FMA_72427 parabigeminal area (mai) uberon dorsal supraoptic decussation FMA:62051 Meynert's commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1433 UBERON:0002697 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1433-FMA_62051 commissura supraoptica dorsalis commissure of Meynert dorsal supra-optic commissure dorsal supraoptic commissure dorsal supraoptic commissure (of ganser) dorsal supraoptic decussation (of Meynert) dorsal supraoptic decussation (of ganser) dorsal supraoptic decussation of Meynert ganser's commissure supraoptic commissure of Meynert supraoptic commissures, dorsal uberon FMA:62051 dorsal supraoptic commissure FMA:62051 dorsal supra-optic commissure FMA:62051 ganser's commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1433 dorsal supraoptic decussation (of ganser) FMA:62051 Meynert's commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1433 dorsal supraoptic decussation (of Meynert) FMA:62051 FMA:TA commissura supraoptica dorsalis FMA:62051 supraoptic commissures, dorsal preoccipital notch FMA:83739 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436 SCTID:369229005 UBERON:0002698 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1436-FMA_83739 incisura parieto-occipitalis incisura praeoccipitalis incisura preoccipitalis occipital notch preoccipital incisura preoccipital incisure uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436 incisura preoccipitalis FMA:83739 occipital notch NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436 incisura parieto-occipitalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436 incisura praeoccipitalis FMA:83739 preoccipital incisure FMA:83739 preoccipital incisura supraopticohypophysial tract FMA:62054 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1440 UBERON:0002699 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1440-FMA_62054 supra-opticohypophysial tract supraopticohypophyseal tract tractus supraopticohypophysialis uberon FMA:62054 supraopticohypophyseal tract FMA:62054 supra-opticohypophysial tract FMA:62054 FMA:TA tractus supraopticohypophysialis subcuneiform nucleus FMA:72428 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1441 UBERON:0002700 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1441-FMA_72428 subcuneiform area of midbrain uberon FMA:72428 subcuneiform area of midbrain anterior median oculomotor nucleus FMA:72423 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1445 UBERON:0002701 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1445-FMA_72423 anterior median nucleus of oculomotor nerve uberon FMA:72423 anterior median nucleus of oculomotor nerve middle frontal gyrus BTO:0004834 FMA:61859 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1451 SCTID:362332009 The middle frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. (A gyrus is one of the prominent 'bumps' or 'ridges' on the surface of the human brain. ) The middle frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. The borders of the middle frontal gyrus are the inferior frontal sulcus below; the superior frontal sulcus above; and the precentral sulcus behind. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002702 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1451-FMA_61859 gyrus frontalis medialis gyrus frontalis medius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Middle_frontal_gyrus.png/200px-Middle_frontal_gyrus.png intermediate frontal gyrus medial frontal gyrus ncithesaurus:Middle_Frontal_Gyrus uberon The middle frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. (A gyrus is one of the prominent 'bumps' or 'ridges' on the surface of the human brain. ) The middle frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. The borders of the middle frontal gyrus are the inferior frontal sulcus below; the superior frontal sulcus above; and the precentral sulcus behind. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_frontal_gyrus FMA:61859 medial frontal gyrus FMA:61859 intermediate frontal gyrus Wikipedia:Middle_frontal_gyrus gyrus frontalis medius FMA:61859 FMA:TA gyrus frontalis medialis precentral gyrus EFO:0001373 FMA:61894 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1455 The primary motor cortex (or M1) is a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002703 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1455-FMA_61894 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ba4.png/200px-Ba4.png ncithesaurus:Precentral_Gyrus precentral convolution prerolandic gyrus uberon FMA:61894 precentral convolution FMA:61894 prerolandic gyrus The primary motor cortex (or M1) is a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Precentral_gyrus metathalamus ABA:GENd EV:0100217 FMA:62023 MA:0000868 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1461 SCTID:361550004 The metathalamus is a composite structure of the thalamus, consisting of the medial geniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002704 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1461-FMA_62023 corpora geniculata geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png note we follow FMA in making this a subtype of nucleus, but in fact it is a group containing two nuclei nuclei metathalami uberon MA FMA:62023 geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus The metathalamus is a composite structure of the thalamus, consisting of the medial geniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metathalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1461 nuclei metathalami Wikipedia:Metathalamus corpora geniculata midline nuclear group ABA:MTN BTO:0002454 FMA:62020 MA:0000864 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1462 SCTID:279163002 The midline nuclear group (or midline thalamic nuclei) a region of the thalamus consisting of the following nuclei: paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (nucleus paraventricularis thalami) - not to be confused with paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus paratenial nucleus (nucleus parataenialis) reuniens nucleus (nucleus reuniens) rhomboidal nucleus (nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis) subfascicular nucleus (nucleus subfascicularis) [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002705 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1462-FMA_62020 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png median nuclei of thalamus midline nuclear group midline nuclear group of thalamus midline nuclei of thalamus midline thalamic group nuclei mediani (thalami) nuclei mediani thalami nuclei mediani thalami periventricular nuclei of thalamus uberon FMA:62020 midline nuclei of thalamus MA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1462 nuclei mediani (thalami) The midline nuclear group (or midline thalamic nuclei) a region of the thalamus consisting of the following nuclei: paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (nucleus paraventricularis thalami) - not to be confused with paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus paratenial nucleus (nucleus parataenialis) reuniens nucleus (nucleus reuniens) rhomboidal nucleus (nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis) subfascicular nucleus (nucleus subfascicularis) [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Midline_nuclear_group FMA:62020 midline nuclear group FMA:62020 periventricular nuclei of thalamus FMA:62020 FMA:TA nuclei mediani thalami FMA:62020 median nuclei of thalamus FMA:62020 midline nuclear group of thalamus Wikipedia:Midline_nuclear_group nuclei mediani thalami FMA MA:0000864 midline thalamic group posterior nucleus of hypothalamus ABA:PH BM:Die-Hy-HPA BTO:0002461 EV:0100235 FMA:62350 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1463 SCTID:362385002 UBERON:0002706 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1463-FMA_62350 area hypothalamica posterior nucleus posterior hypothalami posterior hypothalamic area posterior hypothalamic nucleus uberon FMA:62350 posterior hypothalamic nucleus FMA:62350 posterior hypothalamic area FMA:62350 FMA:TA area hypothalamica posterior BTO:0002461 nucleus posterior hypothalami pyramidal tract BM:Me-PyT FMA:72634 GAID:702 MESH:A.08.186.854.633 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1464 SCTID:362325000 The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. The corticospinal tract mostly contains motor axons. It actually consists of two separate tracts in the spinal cord: the lateral corticospinal tract and the medial corticospinal tract. An understanding of these tracts leads to an understanding of why for the most part, one side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain. Also the corticobulbar tract is considered to be a pyramidal tract. The corticobulbar tract carries signals that control motor neurons located in cranial nerve brain nuclei rather than motor neurons located in the spinal cord. The neurons of the pyramidal tracts are pyramidal neurons, but that is not how the pyramidal tract got its name, as most of the pyramidal neurons send their axons elsewhere. Instead, it got its name from the shape of the corticospinal axon tracts: when the pyramidal tract passes the medulla, it forms a dense bundle of nerve fibres that is shaped somewhat like a pyramid. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002707 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1464-FMA_72634 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray684.png/200px-Gray684.png uberon The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. The corticospinal tract mostly contains motor axons. It actually consists of two separate tracts in the spinal cord: the lateral corticospinal tract and the medial corticospinal tract. An understanding of these tracts leads to an understanding of why for the most part, one side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain. Also the corticobulbar tract is considered to be a pyramidal tract. The corticobulbar tract carries signals that control motor neurons located in cranial nerve brain nuclei rather than motor neurons located in the spinal cord. The neurons of the pyramidal tracts are pyramidal neurons, but that is not how the pyramidal tract got its name, as most of the pyramidal neurons send their axons elsewhere. Instead, it got its name from the shape of the corticospinal axon tracts: when the pyramidal tract passes the medulla, it forms a dense bundle of nerve fibres that is shaped somewhat like a pyramid. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pyramidal_tract posterior periventricular nucleus BTO:0002479 FMA:62349 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1466 UBERON:0002708 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1466-FMA_62349 nucleus periventricularis posterior periventricular nucleus, posterior subdivision posterior periventricular hypothalamic nucleus posterior periventricular nucleus posterior periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus uberon FMA:62349 periventricular nucleus, posterior subdivision BTO:0002479 nucleus periventricularis posterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1466 posterior periventricular hypothalamic nucleus FMA:62349 posterior periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus FMA:62349 posterior periventricular nucleus posterior nuclear complex ABA:PO BTO:0002462 FMA:62024 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1467 SCTID:424395006 TAO:0000325 UBERON:0002709 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1467-FMA_62024 ZFA:0000325 nuclei posteriores thalami posterior complex of thalamus posterior nuclear complex posterior nuclear complex of thalamus posterior nuclear group of thalamus posterior thalamic nuclear group posterior thalamic nucleus uberon FMA:62024 posterior nuclear complex FMA:62024 posterior nuclear complex of thalamus FMA:62024 posterior complex of thalamus BTO:0002462 posterior thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1467 nuclei posteriores thalami FMA:62024 posterior nuclear group of thalamus FMA:62024 posterior thalamic nuclear group cingulate sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-CGS FMA:83748 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468 SCTID:279350000 The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the cingulate sulcus from the cingulate gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002710 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1468-FMA_83748 calloso-marginal sulcus callosomarginal fissure callosomarginal sulcus cingulate fissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray727_cingulate_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray727_cingulate_sulcus.svg.png sulcus callosomarginalis sulcus cingulatus sulcus cinguli sulcus cinguli uberon FMA:83748 cingulate fissure Wikipedia:Cingulate_sulcus sulcus cinguli FMA:83748 callosomarginal sulcus FMA:83748 calloso-marginal sulcus The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the cingulate sulcus from the cingulate gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cingulate_sulcus FMA:83748 callosomarginal fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468 sulcus cingulatus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468 sulcus callosomarginalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468 sulcus cinguli nucleus of posterior commissure ABA:NPC BM:NPC FMA:68463 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1470 UBERON:0002711 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1470-FMA_68463 posterior commissure nucleus uberon FMA:68463 posterior commissure nucleus premammillary nucleus FMA:62348 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1473 UBERON:0002712 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1473-FMA_62348 premammillary nuclei uberon FMA FMA:62348 premammillary nuclei FMA circular sulcus of insula A marginal sulcus that is part of a insula [Obol]. FMA:83753 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475 UBERON:0002713 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1475-FMA_83753 central lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus central lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus central lobe marginal sulcus circular fissure circular sulcus (of reil) circuminsular sulcus ciruclar insular sulcus cortex of island marginal branch of cingulate sulcus cortex of island marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus cortex of island marginal sulcus insula lobule marginal branch of cingulate sulcus insula lobule marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus insula lobule marginal sulcus insula marginal branch of cingulate sulcus insula marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus insula marginal sulcus insular cortex marginal branch of cingulate sulcus insular cortex marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus insular cortex marginal sulcus insular lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus insular lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus insular lobe marginal sulcus insular region marginal branch of cingulate sulcus insular region marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus insular region marginal sulcus island of reil marginal branch of cingulate sulcus island of reil marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus island of reil marginal sulcus limiting fissure marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of central lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of cortex of island marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insula marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insula lobule marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular cortex marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular region marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of island of reil marginal insular sulcus marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of central lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of cortex of island marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insula marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insula lobule marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular cortex marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular region marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of island of reil marginal sulcus of central lobe marginal sulcus of cortex of island marginal sulcus of insula marginal sulcus of insula lobule marginal sulcus of insular cortex marginal sulcus of insular lobe marginal sulcus of insular region marginal sulcus of island of reil sulcus circularis insulae sulcus marginalis insulae uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475 ciruclar insular sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of island of reil OBOL:automatic central lobe marginal sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal sulcus of insular cortex OBOL:automatic insular cortex marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular region OBOL:automatic marginal sulcus of insular lobe OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of central lobe OBOL:automatic insular lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal sulcus of central lobe OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insula lobule OBOL:automatic marginal sulcus of cortex of island NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475 sulcus circularis insulae OBOL:automatic insula marginal branch of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular cortex OBOL:automatic insular region marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic insula marginal sulcus OBOL:automatic insula lobule marginal branch of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic insular lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic cortex of island marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of central lobe OBOL:automatic insular lobe marginal sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular region OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular lobe OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insula OBOL:automatic insular cortex marginal sulcus FMA:83753 marginal sulcus of insula NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475 sulcus marginalis insulae OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular cortex OBOL:automatic cortex of island marginal branch of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insula OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of cortex of island OBOL:automatic marginal sulcus of insular region OBOL:automatic island of reil marginal sulcus OBOL:automatic central lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic insular region marginal branch of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic central lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of cortex of island OBOL:automatic insular region marginal sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal sulcus of island of reil A marginal sulcus that is part of a insula [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic insula lobule marginal sulcus OBOL:automatic insula lobule marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic island of reil marginal branch of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic island of reil marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus FMA:83753 limiting fissure OBOL:automatic insula marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular lobe OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of island of reil FMA:83753 circular fissure OBOL:automatic insular cortex marginal branch of cingulate sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475 marginal insular sulcus OBOL:automatic cortex of island marginal sulcus OBOL:automatic marginal sulcus of insula lobule OBOL:automatic marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insula lobule FMA:83753 circuminsular sulcus rubrospinal tract FMA:72640 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1476 SCTID:369264001 UBERON:0002714 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1476-FMA_72640 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]. monakow's tract rubrospinal tract (monakow) tractus rubrospinalis uberon Wikipedia:Rubrospinal_tract tractus rubrospinalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1476 rubrospinal tract (monakow) Wikipedia:Rubrospinal_tract long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]. FMA:72640 monakow's tract spinal trigeminal tract of medulla FMA:72625 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1477 UBERON:0002715 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1477-FMA_72625 uberon collateral sulcus AO notes: cnit has two distinct classes; FMA and NIF treat these as exact synonyms. FMA:83751 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1480 SCTID:279356006 The collateral fissure (or sulcus) is on the tentorial surface of the hemisphere and extends from near the occipital pole to within a short distance of the temporal pole. Behind, it lies below and lateral to the calcarine fissure, from which it is separated by the lingual gyrus; in front, it is situated between the hippocampal gyrus and the anterior part of the fusiform gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002716 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1480-FMA_83751 collateral fissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray738.png/200px-Gray738.png ncithesaurus:Collateral_Fissure ncithesaurus:Collateral_Sulcus sulcus collateralis sulcus collateralis, fissura collateralis uberon Wikipedia:Collateral_fissure sulcus collateralis, fissura collateralis FMA:83751 collateral fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1480 sulcus collateralis The collateral fissure (or sulcus) is on the tentorial surface of the hemisphere and extends from near the occipital pole to within a short distance of the temporal pole. Behind, it lies below and lateral to the calcarine fissure, from which it is separated by the lingual gyrus; in front, it is situated between the hippocampal gyrus and the anterior part of the fusiform gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Collateral_fissure rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus FMA:72433 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1481 The rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) is a portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus which controls vertical gaze. They project to the vestibular nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002717 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1481-FMA_72433 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gray710.png/200px-Gray710.png nucleus interstitialis rostral interstitial nucleus of mlf uberon Wikipedia:Rostral_interstitial_nucleus_of_medial_longitudinal_fasciculus nucleus interstitialis The rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) is a portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus which controls vertical gaze. They project to the vestibular nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Rostral_interstitial_nucleus_of_medial_longitudinal_fasciculus solitary tract BM:Me-ST FMA:72619 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1483 The solitary tract is a compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the medulla. The solitary tract is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002718 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1483-FMA_72619 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray695.png/200px-Gray695.png respiratory bundle of Gierke tractus solitarius medullae oblongatae uberon The solitary tract is a compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the medulla. The solitary tract is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Solitary_tract Wikipedia:Solitary_tract tractus solitarius medullae oblongatae spino-olivary tract FMA:72643 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1484 SCTID:362607001 The spino-olivary tract is located in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. This tract carries proprioception information from muscles and tendons as well as cutaneous impulses to the olivary nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002719 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1484-FMA_72643 helweg's tract tractus spinoolivaris uberon Wikipedia:Spino-olivary_tract tractus spinoolivaris FMA:72643 helweg's tract The spino-olivary tract is located in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. This tract carries proprioception information from muscles and tendons as well as cutaneous impulses to the olivary nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Spino-olivary_tract mammillary peduncle FMA:62061 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1486 SCTID:369146004 UBERON:0002720 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1486-FMA_62061 peduncle of mammillary body uberon FMA:62061 peduncle of mammillary body lateral sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-LS FMA:77801 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487 The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent structures of the human brain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002721 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1487-FMA_77801 fissura lateralis fissura lateralis cerebri fissura lateralis cerebri (sylvii) fissura transversa cerebri fissure of sylvius lateral cerebral fissure lateral cerebral sulcus lateral fissure lateral fissure of sylvius ncithesaurus:Fissure_of_Sylvius sulcus lateralis sulcus lateralis cerebri sulcus lateralis cerebri sylvian fissure transverse cerebral fissure uberon The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent structures of the human brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_sulcus FMA:77801 FMA:TA sulcus lateralis cerebri NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487 sulcus lateralis Wikipedia:Lateral_sulcus sulcus lateralis cerebri NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487 fissura lateralis cerebri FMA:77801 FMA:TA fissura transversa cerebri NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487 sylvian fissure FMA:77801 lateral cerebral sulcus FMA:77801 lateral fissure FMA:77801 lateral cerebral fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487 fissura lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487 fissura lateralis cerebri (sylvii) FMA:77801 transverse cerebral fissure trochlear nucleus ABA:IV BM:MB-IV EV:0100251 FMA:54518 MA:0001075 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1488 SCTID:280163001 TAO:0000450 The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus. It is a motor nucleus, so located near the midline. Oddly, fibers from the trochlear nucleus cross over in the midbrain at the superior medullary velum and exit posteriorly, (this is the only cranial nerve to do so). The nerve then goes around the midbrain, and is visible coming out the sides. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002722 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1488-FMA_54518 ZFA:0000450 fourth cranial nerve nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Drn.png/200px-Drn.png motor nucleus IV nIV nucleus nervi trochlearis nucleus nervi trochlearis nucleus of trochlear nerve trochlear IV nucleus trochlear motor nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Trochlear_nucleus nucleus nervi trochlearis FMA:54518 fourth cranial nerve nucleus ZFA:0000450 trochlear motor nucleus ZFA:0000450 motor nucleus IV FMA:54518 FMA:TA nucleus nervi trochlearis The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus. It is a motor nucleus, so located near the midline. Oddly, fibers from the trochlear nucleus cross over in the midbrain at the superior medullary velum and exit posteriorly, (this is the only cranial nerve to do so). The nerve then goes around the midbrain, and is visible coming out the sides. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Trochlear_nucleus FMA:54518 nucleus of trochlear nerve MA:0001075 trochlear IV nucleus ZFA:0000450 nIV mammillary princeps fasciculus FMA:62057 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1492 UBERON:0002723 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1492-FMA_62057 principal mammillary fasciculus principal mammillary tract principle mamillary fasciculus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1492 principal mammillary tract FMA:62057 principle mamillary fasciculus FMA:62057 principal mammillary fasciculus limen of insula FMA:75266 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1493 SCTID:369215009 UBERON:0002724 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1493-FMA_75266 angulus gyri olfactorii lateralis gyrus ambiens (noback) insula limen limen insulae uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1493 gyrus ambiens (noback) FMA:75266 angulus gyri olfactorii lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1493 limen insulae FMA:75266 insula limen mammillotegmental fasciculus FMA:62058 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1497 SCTID:369140005 UBERON:0002725 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1497-FMA_62058 gudden tract mammillotegmental tract mammillotegmental tract of hypothalamus uberon von Gudden's tract FMA:62058 mammillotegmental tract FMA:62058 von Gudden's tract NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1497 mammillotegmental tract of hypothalamus FMA:62058 gudden tract cervical spinal cord FMA:71166 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1499 SCTID:180960003 UBERON:0002726 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1499-FMA_71166 cervical segment of spinal cord cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] cervical spinal cord ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spinal_Cord segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 uberon FMA:71166 cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] FMA:71166 cervical spinal cord FMA:71166 cervical segment of spinal cord FMA:71166 FMA:TA segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 medial medullary lamina BTO:0002251 FMA:62470 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1501 SCTID:369205003 UBERON:0002727 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1501-FMA_62470 inner medullary lamina internal medullary lamina of corpus striatum internal medullary lamina of globus pallidus internal medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus lamina medullaris interna corporis striati lamina medullaris medialis corporis striati medial medullary lamina medial medullary lamina of corpus striatum medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus medial medullary lamina of pallidum medial medullary stria uberon FMA:62470 internal medullary lamina of globus pallidus FMA:62470 internal medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus FMA:62470 FMA:TA lamina medullaris interna corporis striati FMA:62470 medial medullary stria FMA:62470 internal medullary lamina of corpus striatum FMA:62470 medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus FMA:62470 medial medullary lamina of pallidum FMA:62470 medial medullary lamina of corpus striatum FMA:62470 medial medullary lamina FMA:62470 inner medullary lamina FMA:62470 FMA:TA lamina medullaris medialis corporis striati entorhinal area ABA:ENT BM:Tel-Cx-ENT BTO:0002650 BTO:0004345 Brodmann's area 28 Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK). EFO:0001920 FMA:72356 GAID:636 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.710.225 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1508 SCTID:369099007 UBERON:0002728 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1508-FMA_72356 entorhinal cortex ncithesaurus:Entorhinal_Cortex todo - check area vs complex. ABA:ENT this is part of the hippocampal formation via retrohippocampal region uberon BTO:0002650 Brodmann's area 28 FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1508 entorhinal cortex Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1508 Wikipedia:Entorhinal_cortex BTO claustral amygdaloid area FMA:61869 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1515 UBERON:0002729 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1515-FMA_61869 claustrum diffusa claustrum parvum uberon ventral claustrum ventral portion of claustrum FMA:61869 ventral portion of claustrum FMA:61869 claustrum parvum FMA:61869 claustrum diffusa FMA:61869 ventral claustrum regional part of thalamus A regional part of brain that is part of a thalamus [Obol]. FMA:67705 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1517 UBERON:0002730 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1517-FMA_67705 anatomical structure of brain of dorsal thalamus anatomical structure of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) anatomical structure of brain of thalamus biological structure of brain of dorsal thalamus biological structure of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) biological structure of brain of thalamus brain anatomical structure of dorsal thalamus brain anatomical structure of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) brain anatomical structure of thalamus brain biological structure of dorsal thalamus brain biological structure of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) brain biological structure of thalamus dorsal thalamus (anthoney) anatomical structure of brain dorsal thalamus (anthoney) biological structure of brain dorsal thalamus (anthoney) brain anatomical structure dorsal thalamus (anthoney) brain biological structure dorsal thalamus (anthoney) neuraxis segment dorsal thalamus (anthoney) regional part of brain dorsal thalamus (anthoney) segment of brain dorsal thalamus anatomical structure of brain dorsal thalamus biological structure of brain dorsal thalamus brain anatomical structure dorsal thalamus brain biological structure dorsal thalamus neuraxis segment dorsal thalamus regional part of brain dorsal thalamus segment of brain neuraxis segment of dorsal thalamus neuraxis segment of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) neuraxis segment of thalamus regional part of brain of dorsal thalamus regional part of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) regional part of brain of thalamus segment of brain of dorsal thalamus segment of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) segment of brain of thalamus segment of thalamus thalamus anatomical structure of brain thalamus biological structure of brain thalamus brain anatomical structure thalamus brain biological structure thalamus neuraxis segment thalamus regional part of brain thalamus segment thalamus segment of brain uberon OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of dorsal thalamus OBOL:automatic segment of brain of thalamus OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) A regional part of brain that is part of a thalamus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic thalamus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of dorsal thalamus OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus (anthoney) neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic thalamus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus (anthoney) brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of dorsal thalamus OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of thalamus OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of dorsal thalamus OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of dorsal thalamus OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of thalamus OBOL:automatic thalamus segment of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of thalamus OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus (anthoney) biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus (anthoney) regional part of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of dorsal thalamus OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of thalamus OBOL:automatic thalamus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of dorsal thalamus OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus (anthoney) anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of thalamus OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) OBOL:automatic thalamus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus (anthoney) brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic thalamus brain biological structure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1517 segment of thalamus OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus (anthoney) segment of brain OBOL:automatic thalamus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus segment of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of dorsal thalamus (anthoney) FMA:67705 thalamus segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of thalamus vestibulocochlear nerve root FMA:72499 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1519 UBERON:0002731 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1519-FMA_72499 central part of vestibulocochlear nerve statoacoustic nerve fibers uberon vestibulocochlear nerve fibers vestibulocochlear nerve roots vestibulocochlear nerve tract FMA:72499 vestibulocochlear nerve fibers FMA:72499 vestibulocochlear nerve tract FMA:72499 statoacoustic nerve fibers FMA:72499 vestibulocochlear nerve roots FMA:72499 central part of vestibulocochlear nerve longitudinal pontine fibers FMA:72513 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1523 SCTID:361544009 UBERON:0002732 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1523-FMA_72513 fibrae pontis longitudinales longitudinal fasciculus of the pons longitudinal pontine fibers longitudinal pontine fibres longitudinal pontine tract uberon FMA:72513 longitudinal pontine tract FMA:72513 longitudinal pontine fibres FMA:72513 longitudinal fasciculus of the pons FMA:72513 FMA:TA fibrae pontis longitudinales FMA:72513 longitudinal pontine fibers intralaminar nuclear group ABA:ILM FMA:62021 GAID:660 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.826.701.460 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1530 SCTID:279159009 The intralaminar nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that contains the following nuclei: central lateral centromedian (or 'central medial') paracentral parafascicular. Some sources also include a 'central dorsal' nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002733 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1530-FMA_62021 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Thalmus.png/200px-Thalmus.png intralaminar nuclear group intralaminar nuclear group of thalamus intralaminar nuclei of thalamus intralaminar thalamic nuclei nonspecific thalamic system nuclei intralaminares (thalami) nuclei intralaminares thalami uberon FMA:62021 intralaminar nuclei of thalamus FMA:62021 intralaminar nuclear group FMA:62021 intralaminar thalamic nuclei FMA:62021 nonspecific thalamic system FMA:62021 FMA:TA nuclei intralaminares thalami The intralaminar nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that contains the following nuclei: central lateral centromedian (or 'central medial') paracentral parafascicular. Some sources also include a 'central dorsal' nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intralaminar_thalamic_nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1530 nuclei intralaminares (thalami) FMA:62021 intralaminar nuclear group of thalamus superior temporal sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-STS FMA:83783 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1534 SCTID:279344005 UBERON:0002734 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1534-FMA_83783 ncithesaurus:Superior_Temporal_Sulcus parallel sulcus sulcus t1 superior temporal fissure uberon FMA:83783 sulcus t1 FMA:83783 superior temporal fissure FMA:83783 parallel sulcus transverse pontine fibers FMA:72514 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1535 SCTID:79836003 UBERON:0002735 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1535-FMA_72514 fibrae pontis transversae superficial transverse fibers of pons transverse fibers of pons transverse pontine fibers transverse pontine fibres transverse pontine tract uberon FMA:72514 transverse pontine fibres FMA:72514 transverse pontine fibers FMA:72514 transverse fibers of pons FMA:72514 superficial transverse fibers of pons FMA:72514 transverse pontine tract FMA:72514 FMA:TA fibrae pontis transversae lateral nuclear group ABA:LAT EV:0100210 FMA:62174 GAID:661 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537 SCTID:279126006 The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: lateral dorsal nucleus lateral posterior nucleus pulvinar [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002736 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1537-FMA_62174 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png lateral group of the dorsal thalamus lateral nuclear group lateral nuclear group of thalamus lateral nucleus of thalamus lateral thalamic nuclei lateral thalamic nucleus nuclei laterales thalami nucleus lateralis thalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537 lateral thalamic nucleus FMA:62174 lateral nuclear group of thalamus FMA:62174 lateral nuclear group The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: lateral dorsal nucleus lateral posterior nucleus pulvinar [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_nuclear_group NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537 nucleus lateralis thalami FMA:62174 lateral nucleus of thalamus FMA:62174 lateral thalamic nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537 lateral group of the dorsal thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537 nuclei laterales thalami lateral inferior limiting sulcus FMA:74523 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1540 UBERON:0002737 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1540-FMA_74523 uberon isthmus of cingulate gyrus FMA:62502 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1541 UBERON:0002738 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1541-FMA_62502 cingulate gyrus isthmus isthmus of fornicate gyrus isthmus of limbic lobe uberon FMA:62502 cingulate gyrus isthmus FMA:62502 isthmus of limbic lobe FMA:62502 isthmus of fornicate gyrus medial dorsal nucleus ABA:MD BM:Die-Th-MD BTO:0002453 EV:0100200 FMA:62156 GAID:663 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.826.701.490 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543 SCTID:279149008 The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It receives inputs from the Pre-Frontal Cortex and the Limbic System and in turn relays them to the Pre-Frontal Association Cortex. As a result, it plays a crucial role in attention, planning, organization, abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory. The connections of the medial dorsal nucleus have even been used to delineate the prefrontal cortex of the Göttingen minipig brain. By stereology the number of brain cells in the region has been estimated to around 6.43 million neurons in the adult human brain and 36.3 million glial cells, and with the newborn having quite different numbers: around 11.2 million neurons and 10.6 million glial cells. Lesions of the medial dorsal nucleus have been associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002739 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1543-FMA_62156 dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus dorsomedial nuclear group dorsomedial nucleus dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png medial dorsal nucleus medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus medial dorsal thalamic nucleus medial nuclear group medial nuclear group of thalamus medial thalamic nuclei medial thalamic nucleus mediodorsal nucleus mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus mediodorsal thalamic nucleus ncithesaurus:Dorsomedial_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus nucleus dorsomedialis thalami nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus mediodorsalis thalami uberon FMA:62156 dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus FMA:62156 medial nuclear group BTO:0002453 nucleus mediodorsalis thalami DHB:MD mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It receives inputs from the Pre-Frontal Cortex and the Limbic System and in turn relays them to the Pre-Frontal Association Cortex. As a result, it plays a crucial role in attention, planning, organization, abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory. The connections of the medial dorsal nucleus have even been used to delineate the prefrontal cortex of the Göttingen minipig brain. By stereology the number of brain cells in the region has been estimated to around 6.43 million neurons in the adult human brain and 36.3 million glial cells, and with the newborn having quite different numbers: around 11.2 million neurons and 10.6 million glial cells. Lesions of the medial dorsal nucleus have been associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_dorsal_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543 nucleus medialis dorsalis FMA:62156 medial thalamic nucleus FMA:62156 mediodorsal thalamic nucleus FMA:62156 mediodorsal nucleus FMA:62156 dorsomedial nuclear group FMA:62156 medial thalamic nuclei FMA:62156 medial dorsal nucleus FMA:62156 medial nuclear group of thalamus FMA:62156 dorsomedial nucleus Wikipedia:Medial_dorsal_nucleus nucleus mediodorsalis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543 nucleus dorsomedialis thalami FMA:62156 dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543 medial dorsal thalamic nucleus FMA:62156 medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus posterior cingulate gyrus FMA:61924 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1546 The posterior cingulate cortex is the backmost part of the cingulate cortex, lying behind the anterior cingulate cortex. This is the upper part of the 'limbic lobe'. The cingulate cortex is made up of an area around the midline of the brain. Surrounding areas include the retrosplenial cortex and the precuneus. Cytoarchitectonically posterior cingulate cortex is associated with Brodmann areas 23 and 31. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002740 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1546-FMA_61924 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray727.svg/200px-Gray727.svg.png uberon The posterior cingulate cortex is the backmost part of the cingulate cortex, lying behind the anterior cingulate cortex. This is the upper part of the 'limbic lobe'. The cingulate cortex is made up of an area around the midline of the brain. Surrounding areas include the retrosplenial cortex and the precuneus. Cytoarchitectonically posterior cingulate cortex is associated with Brodmann areas 23 and 31. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Posterior_cingulate_gyrus diagonal band BTO:0002445 FMA:61973 GAID:684 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.380 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1551 The diagonal band of Broca consists of fibers that are said to arise in the parolfactory area, the gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance, and course backward in the longitudinal striae to the dentate gyrus and the hippocampal region. This is a cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects the paraterminal gyrus in the septal area with the hippocampus and lateral olfactory area. Along with the Septum Pellucidum the Diagonal Band of Broca is believed to be involved in the generation of theta waves in the hippocampus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002741 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1551-FMA_61973 band of Broca bandaletta diagonalis (Broca) broca's diagonal band broca's diagonal gyrus diagonal band of broca diagonal gyrus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/200px-Gray724.png olfactory fasciculus olfactory radiations of zuckerkandl stria diagonalis stria diagonalis (Broca) uberon The diagonal band of Broca consists of fibers that are said to arise in the parolfactory area, the gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance, and course backward in the longitudinal striae to the dentate gyrus and the hippocampal region. This is a cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects the paraterminal gyrus in the septal area with the hippocampus and lateral olfactory area. Along with the Septum Pellucidum the Diagonal Band of Broca is believed to be involved in the generation of theta waves in the hippocampus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Diagonal_band_of_Broca BTO:0002445 bandaletta diagonalis (Broca) FMA:61973 broca's diagonal gyrus FMA:61973 broca's diagonal band FMA:61973 diagonal gyrus BTO:0002445 stria diagonalis FMA:61973 olfactory fasciculus BTO:0002445 stria diagonalis (Broca) Wikipedia:Diagonal_band_of_Broca stria diagonalis BTO:0002445 band of Broca lamina of septum pellucidum FMA:62472 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1554 One of two layers of both white and gray matter of the septum pellucidum. During fetal development there is a space between the two laminae called the cavum septum pellucidum which, in ninety per cent of cases, disappears during infancy. SCTID:12164006 UBERON:0002742 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1554-FMA_62472 editor note laminae septi pellucidi septum pellucidum lamina uberon laminae septi pellucidi FMA One of two layers of both white and gray matter of the septum pellucidum. During fetal development there is a space between the two laminae called the cavum septum pellucidum which, in ninety per cent of cases, disappears during infancy. Wikipedia:Septum_pellucidum#Layers FMA:62472 septum pellucidum lamina basal forebrain BM:Tel-BF BTO:0002444 FMA:77700 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1560 The basal forebrain is a collection of structures located ventrally to the striatum. It is considered to be the major cholinergic output of the CNS. It includes a group of structures that lie near the bottom of the front of the brain, including the nucleus basalis, diagonal band of Broca, and medial septal nuclei. These structures are important in the production of acetylcholine, which is then distributed widely throughout the brain. Acetylcholine affects the ability of brain cells to transmit information to one another, and also encourages plasticity, or learning. Thus, damage to the basal forebrain can reduce the amount of acetylcholine in the brain and impair learning. This may be one reason why basal forebrain damage can result in memory impairments such as amnesia and confabulation. One common cause of basal forebrain damage is aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Research, conducted by investigators from Children's Hospital Boston and the University of Helsinki, ties together previous observations about sleep and finds that nitric oxide production in the basal forebrain is both necessary and sufficient to produce sleep. This structure is defined, in part, as the place where adenosine acts on A1 receptors of cholinergic neurons. This results in hyperpolarization of cholinergic neurons, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is known to promote wakefulness in the basal forebrain. Inhibition of acetylcholine release in the basal forebrain by adenosine causes slow wave sleep. The basal forebrain and adjacent areas are a focus for sleep research. Stimulating the basal forebrain gives rise to EEG sychrony and sleep. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002743 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1560-FMA_77700 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Basal_Forebrain_Monakhos_2007.png/200px-Basal_Forebrain_Monakhos_2007.png pars basalis telencephali uberon Wikipedia:Basal_forebrain pars basalis telencephali The basal forebrain is a collection of structures located ventrally to the striatum. It is considered to be the major cholinergic output of the CNS. It includes a group of structures that lie near the bottom of the front of the brain, including the nucleus basalis, diagonal band of Broca, and medial septal nuclei. These structures are important in the production of acetylcholine, which is then distributed widely throughout the brain. Acetylcholine affects the ability of brain cells to transmit information to one another, and also encourages plasticity, or learning. Thus, damage to the basal forebrain can reduce the amount of acetylcholine in the brain and impair learning. This may be one reason why basal forebrain damage can result in memory impairments such as amnesia and confabulation. One common cause of basal forebrain damage is aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Research, conducted by investigators from Children's Hospital Boston and the University of Helsinki, ties together previous observations about sleep and finds that nitric oxide production in the basal forebrain is both necessary and sufficient to produce sleep. This structure is defined, in part, as the place where adenosine acts on A1 receptors of cholinergic neurons. This results in hyperpolarization of cholinergic neurons, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is known to promote wakefulness in the basal forebrain. Inhibition of acetylcholine release in the basal forebrain by adenosine causes slow wave sleep. The basal forebrain and adjacent areas are a focus for sleep research. Stimulating the basal forebrain gives rise to EEG sychrony and sleep. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Basal_forebrain hilum of dentate nucleus FMA:72548 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1561 SCTID:369055003 UBERON:0002744 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1561-FMA_72548 dentate nuclear hilum uberon FMA:72548 dentate nuclear hilum ventral amygdalofugal projection FMA:61977 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1563 UBERON:0002745 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1563-FMA_61977 uberon ventral amygdalofugal pathway NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1563 ventral amygdalofugal pathway intermediate periventricular nucleus FMA:62328 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1564 UBERON:0002746 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1564-FMA_62328 intermediate periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus periventricular nucleus at the tuberal level uberon FMA:62328 periventricular nucleus at the tuberal level FMA:62328 intermediate periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus neodentate part of dentate nucleus FMA:72539 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1567 UBERON:0002747 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1567-FMA_72539 neodentate portion of dentate nucleus uberon FMA:72539 neodentate portion of dentate nucleus medial lemniscus of medulla A medial lemniscus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. FMA:72621 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1570 UBERON:0002748 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1570-FMA_72621 medulla medial lemniscus uberon OBOL:automatic medulla medial lemniscus A medial lemniscus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. OBOL:automatic regional part of cerebellar cortex A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellar cortex [Obol]. FMA:76924 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1571 UBERON:0002749 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1571-FMA_76924 anatomical structure of brain of cerebellar cortex biological structure of brain of cerebellar cortex brain anatomical structure of cerebellar cortex brain biological structure of cerebellar cortex cerebellar cortex anatomical structure of brain cerebellar cortex biological structure of brain cerebellar cortex brain anatomical structure cerebellar cortex brain biological structure cerebellar cortex neuraxis segment cerebellar cortex regional part of brain cerebellar cortex segment of brain cerebellar cortical segment neuraxis segment of cerebellar cortex regional part of brain of cerebellar cortex segment of brain of cerebellar cortex segment of cerebellar cortex uberon OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortex brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortex biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortex neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortex brain biological structure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1571 segment of cerebellar cortex OBOL:automatic segment of brain of cerebellar cortex OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of cerebellar cortex OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of cerebellar cortex OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortex segment of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of cerebellar cortex FMA:76924 cerebellar cortical segment A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellar cortex [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of cerebellar cortex OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of cerebellar cortex OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortex regional part of brain OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortex anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of cerebellar cortex medial longitudinal fasciculus of medulla A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. FMA:72618 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1574 UBERON:0002750 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1574-FMA_72618 medulla medial longitudinal fasciculus uberon OBOL:automatic medulla medial longitudinal fasciculus A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. OBOL:automatic inferior temporal gyrus BM:Tel-ITG FMA:61907 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1577 SCTID:279191005 The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal sulcus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002751 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1577-FMA_61907 gyrus temporalis inferior gyrus temporalis inferior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray726.png/200px-Gray726.png lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (heimer-83) ncithesaurus:Inferior_Temporal_Gyrus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1577 gyrus temporalis inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus gyrus temporalis inferior The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal sulcus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus olivocerebellar tract FMA:72638 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1579 The olivocerebellar tract (olivocerebellar fibers) leaves the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphé, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise. They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbing fiber input system. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002752 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1579-FMA_72638 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray695.png/200px-Gray695.png t. olivocerebellaris uberon Wikipedia:Olivocerebellar_tract t. olivocerebellaris The olivocerebellar tract (olivocerebellar fibers) leaves the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphé, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise. They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbing fiber input system. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Olivocerebellar_tract posterior spinocerebellar tract BM:DSCT FMA:72641 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1585 SCTID:369284002 The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsig's fasciculus, Flechsig's tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Proprioceptive information is taken to the via central processes of dorsal root ganglia (first order neurons). These central processes travel through the dorsal horn where they synapse with second order neurons of Clarke's nucleus. Axon fibers from Clarke's Nucleus convey this proprioceptive information in the spinal cord in the peripheral region of the posteriolateral funiculus ipsilaterally until it reaches the cerebellum, where unconscious proprioceptive information is processed. This tract involves two neurons and ends up on the same side of the body. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002753 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1585-FMA_72641 dorsal spinocerebellar tract flechsig's tract http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png uberon The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsig's fasciculus, Flechsig's tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Proprioceptive information is taken to the via central processes of dorsal root ganglia (first order neurons). These central processes travel through the dorsal horn where they synapse with second order neurons of Clarke's nucleus. Axon fibers from Clarke's Nucleus convey this proprioceptive information in the spinal cord in the peripheral region of the posteriolateral funiculus ipsilaterally until it reaches the cerebellum, where unconscious proprioceptive information is processed. This tract involves two neurons and ends up on the same side of the body. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract FMA:72641 flechsig's tract FMA:72641 dorsal spinocerebellar tract predorsal bundle FMA:72614 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1590 UBERON:0002754 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1590-FMA_72614 predorsal bundle of edinger predorsal fasciculus tectospinal fibers uberon FMA:72614 tectospinal fibers FMA:72614 predorsal fasciculus pyramidal decussation BM:Me-PyX FMA:72633 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1594 SCTID:369058001 UBERON:0002755 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1594-FMA_72633 When these pyramidal fibers are traced downward, it is found that some three-fifths or more of them leave the pyramids in successive bundles, and decussate in the anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata, forming what is termed the pyramidal decussation or motor decussation. Having crossed the middle line, they pass down in the posterior part of the lateral funiculus as the lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus. [WP,unvetted]. corticospinal decussation decussatio pyramidum decussatio pyramidum medullae oblongatae decussation of corticospinal tract decussation of pyramidal tract fibers decussation of pyramids decussation of pyramids of medulla decussation of the pyramidal tract http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray684.png/200px-Gray684.png motor decussation motor decussation of medulla pyramidal decussation (pourfour du petit) uberon FMA:72633 decussation of pyramids FMA:72633 motor decussation of medulla NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1594 decussation of the pyramidal tract FMA:72633 corticospinal decussation FMA:72633 FMA:TA decussatio pyramidum medullae oblongatae FMA:72633 decussation of corticospinal tract FMA:72633 decussation of pyramidal tract fibers FMA:72633 FMA:TA decussatio pyramidum FMA:72633 motor decussation NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1594 pyramidal decussation (pourfour du petit) When these pyramidal fibers are traced downward, it is found that some three-fifths or more of them leave the pyramids in successive bundles, and decussate in the anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata, forming what is termed the pyramidal decussation or motor decussation. Having crossed the middle line, they pass down in the posterior part of the lateral funiculus as the lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Decussation_of_pyramids FMA:72633 decussation of pyramids of medulla anterior cingulate gyrus FMA:61916 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1603 UBERON:0002756 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1603-FMA_61916 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex.png/200px-Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex.png uberon regional part of epithalamus A regional part of brain that is part of a epithalamus [Obol]. FMA:62013 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1607 UBERON:0002757 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1607-FMA_62013 anatomical structure of brain of epithalamus biological structure of brain of epithalamus brain anatomical structure of epithalamus brain biological structure of epithalamus epithalamus anatomical structure of brain epithalamus biological structure of brain epithalamus brain anatomical structure epithalamus brain biological structure epithalamus neuraxis segment epithalamus regional part of brain epithalamus segment epithalamus segment of brain neuraxis segment of epithalamus regional part of brain of epithalamus segment of brain of epithalamus segment of epithalamus uberon A regional part of brain that is part of a epithalamus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of epithalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1607 segment of epithalamus OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of epithalamus FMA:62013 epithalamus segment OBOL:automatic epithalamus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic epithalamus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic epithalamus segment of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of epithalamus OBOL:automatic epithalamus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic epithalamus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of epithalamus OBOL:automatic segment of brain of epithalamus OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of epithalamus OBOL:automatic epithalamus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic epithalamus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of epithalamus dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body ABA:MGd BTO:0002673 FMA:62216 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608 UBERON:0002758 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1608-FMA_62216 dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex medial geniculate complex, dorsal part medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal part nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars dorsalis nucleus dorsalis coporis geniculati medialis nucleus geniculatus medialis fibrosus (hassler) nucleus geniculatus medialis pars dorsalis uberon FMA:62216 dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608 nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars dorsalis BTO:0002673 nucleus dorsalis coporis geniculati medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608 nucleus geniculatus medialis pars dorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608 medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608 medial geniculate complex, dorsal part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608 nucleus geniculatus medialis fibrosus (hassler) magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body ABA:MGm BTO:0002672 FMA:62218 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612 UBERON:0002759 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1612-FMA_62218 corpus geniculatus mediale, pars magnocelluaris magnocelluar nucleus of medial geniculate complex medial division of medial geniculate body medial geniculate complex, medial part medial geniculate nucleus, medial part medial magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body medial nucleus of medial geniculate body nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars magnocelluaris nucleus geniculatus medialis magnocelluaris (hassler) nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars magnocelluaris nucleus medialis magnocellularis corporis geniculati medialis uberon FMA:62218 medial nucleus of medial geniculate body NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612 nucleus geniculatus medialis magnocelluaris (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612 corpus geniculatus mediale, pars magnocelluaris BTO:0002672 nucleus medialis magnocellularis corporis geniculati medialis FMA:62218 medial geniculate complex, medial part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612 magnocelluar nucleus of medial geniculate complex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612 nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars magnocelluaris FMA:62218 medial geniculate nucleus, medial part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612 nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars magnocelluaris FMA:62218 medial magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body FMA:62218 medial division of medial geniculate body ventral corticospinal tract FMA:72636 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1618 SCTID:369092003 The anterior corticospinal tract (also called the ventral corticospinal tract, medial corticospinal tract, direct pyramidal tract, or anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. It is usually small, varying inversely in size with the lateral corticospinal tract, which is the main part of the corticospinal tract. It lies close to the anterior median fissure, and is present only in the upper part of the medulla spinalis; gradually diminishing in size as it descends, it ends about the middle of the thoracic region. It consists of descending fibers which arise from cells in the motor area of the cerebral hemisphere of the same side, and which, as they run downward in the medulla spinalis, cross in succession through the anterior white commissure to the opposite side, where they end, either directly or indirectly, by arborizing around the motor neurons in the anterior column. A few of its fibers are said to pass to the lateral column of the same side and to the gray matter at the base of the posterior column. They conduct voluntary motor impulses from the precentral gyrus to the motor centers of the cord. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002760 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1618-FMA_72636 anterior corticospinal tract anterior pyramidal tract anterior tract of turck bundle of turck column of turck http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png uberon FMA:72636 anterior corticospinal tract The anterior corticospinal tract (also called the ventral corticospinal tract, medial corticospinal tract, direct pyramidal tract, or anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. It is usually small, varying inversely in size with the lateral corticospinal tract, which is the main part of the corticospinal tract. It lies close to the anterior median fissure, and is present only in the upper part of the medulla spinalis; gradually diminishing in size as it descends, it ends about the middle of the thoracic region. It consists of descending fibers which arise from cells in the motor area of the cerebral hemisphere of the same side, and which, as they run downward in the medulla spinalis, cross in succession through the anterior white commissure to the opposite side, where they end, either directly or indirectly, by arborizing around the motor neurons in the anterior column. A few of its fibers are said to pass to the lateral column of the same side and to the gray matter at the base of the posterior column. They conduct voluntary motor impulses from the precentral gyrus to the motor centers of the cord. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_corticospinal_tract FMA:72636 anterior pyramidal tract inferior frontal sulcus FMA:83757 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1619 SCTID:279343004 The inferior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002761 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1619-FMA_83757 inferior frontal fissure ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Sulcus sulcus f2 sulcus frontalis inferior uberon FMA:83757 sulcus f2 FMA:83757 inferior frontal fissure Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_sulcus sulcus frontalis inferior The inferior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_sulcus internal medullary lamina of thalamus FMA:62079 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1621 SCTID:369161003 UBERON:0002762 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1621-FMA_62079 internal medullary lamina internal medullary lamina of thalamus lamina medullaris medialis thalami uberon FMA:62079 internal medullary lamina of thalamus FMA:62079 FMA:TA lamina medullaris medialis thalami FMA:62079 internal medullary lamina accessory medullary lamina FMA:62471 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1626 UBERON:0002763 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1626-FMA_62471 accessory medullar lamina of pallidum accessory medullary lamina accessory medullary lamina of corpus striatum accessory medullary lamina of globus pallidus incomplete medullary lamina of globus pallidus lamina medullaris accessoria corporis striati uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1626 accessory medullar lamina of pallidum FMA:62471 accessory medullary lamina FMA:62471 incomplete medullary lamina of globus pallidus FMA:62471 accessory medullary lamina of globus pallidus FMA:62471 accessory medullary lamina of corpus striatum FMA:62471 FMA:TA lamina medullaris accessoria corporis striati inferior precentral sulcus FMA:83764 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1627 UBERON:0002764 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1627-FMA_83764 inferior part of precentral fissure sulcus praecentralis inferior sulcus precentralis inferior uberon FMA:83764 inferior part of precentral fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1627 sulcus praecentralis inferior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1627 sulcus precentralis inferior lateral medullary lamina FMA:62469 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 SCTID:369204004 UBERON:0002765 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1634-FMA_62469 external medulary lamina of globus pallidus external medulary lamina of lentiform nucleus external medullary lamina of corpus striatum external medullary lamina of globus pallidus external medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus lamina medullaris externa corporis striati lamina medullaris lateralis corporis striati lateral medulary lamina of globus pallidus lateral medulary stria lateral medullary lamina lateral medullary lamina of corpus striatum lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus lateral medullary lamina of pallidum lateral medullary stria medulary lamina of pallidum outer medulary lamina outer medullary lamina uberon FMA:62469 FMA:TA lamina medullaris externa corporis striati FMA:62469 lateral medullary lamina of corpus striatum FMA:62469 lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus FMA:62469 lateral medullary stria NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 outer medulary lamina NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 external medulary lamina of globus pallidus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 medulary lamina of pallidum FMA:62469 FMA:TA lamina medullaris lateralis corporis striati FMA:62469 lateral medullary lamina NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 lateral medulary lamina of globus pallidus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 external medulary lamina of lentiform nucleus FMA:62469 lateral medullary lamina of pallidum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 lateral medulary stria FMA:62469 outer medullary lamina FMA:62469 external medullary lamina of globus pallidus FMA:62469 external medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus FMA:62469 external medullary lamina of corpus striatum fusiform gyrus FMA:61908 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1641 SCTID:110678003 The fusiform gyrus is part of the temporal lobe. It is also known as the (discontinuous) occipitotemporal gyrus. Other sources have the fusiform gyrus above the occipitotemporal gyrus and underneath the parahippocampal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002766 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1641-FMA_61908 gyrus fusiformis gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray727.svg/200px-Gray727.svg.png lateral occipitotemporal gyrus medial occipitotemporal gyrus-1 (heimer) occipitotemporal gyrus uberon FMA:61908 lateral occipitotemporal gyrus FMA:61908 occipitotemporal gyrus FMA:61908 FMA:TA gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis The fusiform gyrus is part of the temporal lobe. It is also known as the (discontinuous) occipitotemporal gyrus. Other sources have the fusiform gyrus above the occipitotemporal gyrus and underneath the parahippocampal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Fusiform_gyrus Wikipedia:Fusiform_gyrus gyrus fusiformis inferior rostral sulcus FMA:83767 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1642 UBERON:0002767 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1642-FMA_83767 sulcus rostralis inferior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1642 sulcus rostralis inferior vestibulospinal tract FMA:72646 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1643 SCTID:369289007 TAO:0000709 UBERON:0002768 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1643-FMA_72646 ZFA:0000709 a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png tractus vestibulospinalis uberon vestibulo-spinal tract Wikipedia:Vestibulospinal_tract tractus vestibulospinalis ZFA:0000709 vestibulo-spinal tract Wikipedia:Vestibulospinal_tract a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]. superior temporal gyrus A gyrus (plural gyri) is a bump or ridge on the surface of the brain. The superior temporal gyrus is one of three (sometimes two) gyri in the temporal lobe of the human brain. The superior temporal gyrus is bounded by: the lateral sulcus above; the superior temporal sulcus (not always present or visible) below; an imaginary line drawn from the preoccipital notch to the lateral sulcus posteriorly. The superior temporal gyrus contains several important structures of the brain, including: Brodmann areas 41 and 42, marking the location of the primary auditory cortex, the cortical region responsible for the sensation of sound; Wernicke's area, Brodmann 22p, an important region for the processing of speech so that it can be understood as language. [WP,unvetted]. BM:Tel-STG EFO:0001944 FMA:61905 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1648 SCTID:362345008 UBERON:0002769 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1648-FMA_61905 gyrus temporalis superior gyrus temporalis superior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Superior_temporal_gyrus.png/200px-Superior_temporal_gyrus.png ncithesaurus:Superior_Temporal_Gyrus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1648 gyrus temporalis superior A gyrus (plural gyri) is a bump or ridge on the surface of the brain. The superior temporal gyrus is one of three (sometimes two) gyri in the temporal lobe of the human brain. The superior temporal gyrus is bounded by: the lateral sulcus above; the superior temporal sulcus (not always present or visible) below; an imaginary line drawn from the preoccipital notch to the lateral sulcus posteriorly. The superior temporal gyrus contains several important structures of the brain, including: Brodmann areas 41 and 42, marking the location of the primary auditory cortex, the cortical region responsible for the sensation of sound; Wernicke's area, Brodmann 22p, an important region for the processing of speech so that it can be understood as language. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_temporal_gyrus Wikipedia:Superior_temporal_gyrus gyrus temporalis superior posterior hypothalamic region FMA:62029 GAID:651 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.357.362 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1651 UBERON:0002770 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1651-FMA_62029 mammillary level of hypothalamus mammillary region posterior hypothalamus uberon FMA:62029 mammillary region FMA:62029 mammillary level of hypothalamus FMA:62029 posterior hypothalamus middle temporal gyrus EFO:0002466 FMA:61906 Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the Temporal lobe. It is located between the superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. Its exact function is unknown, but it has been connected with processes as different as contemplating distance, recognition of known faces, and accessing word meaning while reading. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1653 SCTID:279190006 UBERON:0002771 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1653-FMA_61906 gyrus temporalis medius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/WOROI_60_loc.png/200px-WOROI_60_loc.png intermediate temporal gyrus medial temporal gyrus ncithesaurus:Middle_Temporal_Gyrus uberon Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the Temporal lobe. It is located between the superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. Its exact function is unknown, but it has been connected with processes as different as contemplating distance, recognition of known faces, and accessing word meaning while reading. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_gyrus FMA:61906 intermediate temporal gyrus Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_gyrus medial temporal gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1653 gyrus temporalis medius olfactory sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-OFS FMA:83769 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1655 SCTID:279358007 The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002772 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1655-FMA_83769 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray729_olfactory_sulcus.png/200px-Gray729_olfactory_sulcus.png ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Sulcus olfactory groove sulcus olfactorius sulcus olfactorius lobi frontalis uberon The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_sulcus Wikipedia:Olfactory_sulcus sulcus olfactorius lobi frontalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1655 olfactory groove NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1655 sulcus olfactorius anterior transverse temporal gyrus FMA:61909 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1657 SCTID:279192003 UBERON:0002773 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1657-FMA_61909 anterior transverse convolution of heschl anterior transverse temporal convolution of heschl first transverse gyrus of heschl great transverse gyrus of heschl uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1657 anterior transverse convolution of heschl posterior transverse temporal gyrus FMA:61910 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1661 SCTID:279193008 UBERON:0002774 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1661-FMA_61910 posterior transverse convolution of heschl posterior transverse temporal convolution of heschl uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1661 posterior transverse convolution of heschl olivocochlear bundle FMA:72485 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1666 SCTID:369030009 UBERON:0002775 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1666-FMA_72485 bundle of rasmussen efferent cochlear bundle olivocochlear bundle of rasmussen olivocochlear tract tractus olivocochlearis uberon FMA:72485 olivocochlear tract FMA:72485 efferent cochlear bundle FMA:72485 FMA:TA tractus olivocochlearis ventral nuclear group ABA:VENT BTO:0002467 EV:0100206 Editors note: consider splitting nucleus from nuclear group FMA:62022 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1669 SCTID:279125005 The ventral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the ventral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: ventral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nucleus ventral posterior nucleus [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002776 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1669-FMA_62022 ZFA:0005576 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png nuclei ventrales thalami uberon ventral group of dorsal thalamus ventral nuclear group ventral nuclear group of thalamus ventral nuclear mass ventral nuclei of thalamus ventral tier thalamic nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1669 nuclei ventrales thalami FMA:62022 ventral nuclear mass FMA:62022 ventral nuclei of thalamus FMA:62022 ventral nuclear group of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1669 ventral group of dorsal thalamus The ventral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the ventral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: ventral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nucleus ventral posterior nucleus [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_nuclear_group FMA:62022 ventral nuclear group FMA:62022 ventral tier thalamic nuclei neostriatum BTO:0000418 GAID:669 UBERON:0002777 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1672-FMA_77617 true uberon ventral pallidum ABA:PALv BM:Tel-VPa BTO:0004375 FMA:77613 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1674 Part of the globus pallidus, consistingo of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM). UBERON:0002778 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1674-FMA_77613 uberon ventral globus pallidus ventral pallidum FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1674 Part of the globus pallidus, consistingo of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1674 ventral pallidum BTO NIF-def BTO:0004375 ventral globus pallidus lateral superior olivary nucleus BM:Pons-SOL FMA:72472 In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1675 SCTID:360477003 UBERON:0002779 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1675-FMA_72472 accessory olivary nucleus accessory superior olivary nucleus accessory superior olive http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray679.png/200px-Gray679.png lateral superior olive superior olivary nucleus, lateral part uberon In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Olivary_body FMA:72472 lateral superior olive FMA:72472 superior olivary nucleus, lateral part FMA:72472 accessory superior olive FMA:72472 accessory superior olivary nucleus FMA:72472 accessory olivary nucleus regional part of forebrain A regional part of brain that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. FMA:61996 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1677 UBERON:0002780 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1677-FMA_61996 anatomical structure of brain of forebrain biological structure of brain of forebrain brain anatomical structure of forebrain brain biological structure of forebrain forebrain anatomical structure of brain forebrain biological structure of brain forebrain brain anatomical structure forebrain brain biological structure forebrain neuraxis segment forebrain regional part of brain forebrain segment forebrain segment of brain neuraxis segment of forebrain regional part of brain of forebrain segment of brain of forebrain segment of forebrain uberon OBOL:automatic forebrain regional part of brain FMA:61996 forebrain segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1677 segment of forebrain OBOL:automatic forebrain biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of forebrain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of forebrain OBOL:automatic forebrain segment of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of forebrain A regional part of brain that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic forebrain brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of forebrain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of forebrain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of forebrain OBOL:automatic forebrain anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic forebrain neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic forebrain brain biological structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of forebrain caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus FMA:62206 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1681 UBERON:0002781 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1681-FMA_62206 uberon ventral posterior lateral nucleus (ilinsky) ventral posterolateral nucleus, caudal part ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part FMA:62206 ventral posterolateral nucleus, caudal part FMA:62206 ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part medial superior olivary nucleus BM:Pons-SOM FMA:72473 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1682 The superior olivary complex (or SOC or superior olive) is a small mass of gray substance situated on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body. Small in humans, but well developed in certain animals, it exhibits similar structure as the inferior olivary nucleus, and is situated immediately above it. Some of the fibers of the trapezoid body end by arborizing around the cells of this nucleus, while others arise from these cells. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002782 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1682-FMA_72473 chief nucleus of superior olive chief superior olivary nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray713.png/200px-Gray713.png main superior olivary nucleus medial superior olive nucleus laminaris principal superior olivary nucleus superior olivary nucleus, medial part uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1682 nucleus laminaris FMA:72473 principal superior olivary nucleus FMA:72473 chief superior olivary nucleus FMA:72473 chief nucleus of superior olive FMA:72473 main superior olivary nucleus FMA:72473 superior olivary nucleus, medial part The superior olivary complex (or SOC or superior olive) is a small mass of gray substance situated on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body. Small in humans, but well developed in certain animals, it exhibits similar structure as the inferior olivary nucleus, and is situated immediately above it. Some of the fibers of the trapezoid body end by arborizing around the cells of this nucleus, while others arise from these cells. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex FMA:72473 medial superior olive central tegmental tract of pons FMA:72494 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1683 UBERON:0002783 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1683-FMA_72494 uberon regional part of diencephalon A regional part of brain that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. FMA:62005 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1685 UBERON:0002784 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1685-FMA_62005 anatomical structure of brain of between brain anatomical structure of brain of diencephalon anatomical structure of brain of interbrain anatomical structure of brain of mature diencephalon between brain anatomical structure of brain between brain biological structure of brain between brain brain anatomical structure between brain brain biological structure between brain neuraxis segment between brain regional part of brain between brain segment of brain biological structure of brain of between brain biological structure of brain of diencephalon biological structure of brain of interbrain biological structure of brain of mature diencephalon brain anatomical structure of between brain brain anatomical structure of diencephalon brain anatomical structure of interbrain brain anatomical structure of mature diencephalon brain biological structure of between brain brain biological structure of diencephalon brain biological structure of interbrain brain biological structure of mature diencephalon diencephalon anatomical structure of brain diencephalon biological structure of brain diencephalon brain anatomical structure diencephalon brain biological structure diencephalon neuraxis segment diencephalon regional part of brain diencephalon segment diencephalon segment of brain interbrain anatomical structure of brain interbrain biological structure of brain interbrain brain anatomical structure interbrain brain biological structure interbrain neuraxis segment interbrain regional part of brain interbrain segment of brain mature diencephalon anatomical structure of brain mature diencephalon biological structure of brain mature diencephalon brain anatomical structure mature diencephalon brain biological structure mature diencephalon neuraxis segment mature diencephalon regional part of brain mature diencephalon segment of brain neuraxis segment of between brain neuraxis segment of diencephalon neuraxis segment of interbrain neuraxis segment of mature diencephalon regional part of brain of between brain regional part of brain of diencephalon regional part of brain of interbrain regional part of brain of mature diencephalon segment of brain of between brain segment of brain of diencephalon segment of brain of interbrain segment of brain of mature diencephalon segment of diencephalon uberon OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of diencephalon OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of interbrain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of interbrain FMA:62005 diencephalon segment OBOL:automatic segment of brain of diencephalon OBOL:automatic interbrain regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of diencephalon OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of between brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon brain biological structure OBOL:automatic interbrain neuraxis segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1685 segment of diencephalon OBOL:automatic diencephalon regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of between brain OBOL:automatic diencephalon anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic diencephalon biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of between brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of interbrain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of diencephalon OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of between brain OBOL:automatic diencephalon segment of brain A regional part of brain that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic diencephalon neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon regional part of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon segment of brain OBOL:automatic between brain regional part of brain OBOL:automatic diencephalon brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic interbrain brain biological structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of interbrain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of diencephalon OBOL:automatic diencephalon brain biological structure OBOL:automatic interbrain anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of diencephalon OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of diencephalon OBOL:automatic between brain neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic between brain anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic interbrain segment of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of between brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of between brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of interbrain OBOL:automatic between brain segment of brain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of between brain OBOL:automatic between brain brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic interbrain brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic interbrain biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of interbrain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic between brain biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic between brain brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of interbrain regional part of lateral hypothalamic region FMA:62312 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1687 UBERON:0002785 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1687-FMA_62312 lateral hypothalamic region segment segment of lateral hypothalamic region uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1687 segment of lateral hypothalamic region FMA:62312 lateral hypothalamic region segment abducens nerve fibers FMA:72491 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1689 UBERON:0002786 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1689-FMA_72491 abducens nerve fibers abducens nerve tract central part of abducens nerve root of abducens nerve uberon FMA:72491 abducens nerve fibers FMA:72491 root of abducens nerve FMA FMA:72491 abducens nerve tract ZFA-abduced FMA:72491 central part of abducens nerve decussation of trochlear nerve FMA:72488 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1690 UBERON:0002787 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1690-FMA_72488 decussation of trochlear nerve (IV) trochlear neural decussation uberon FMA:72488 trochlear neural decussation FMA:72488 decussation of trochlear nerve (IV) anterior nuclear group ABA:ATN EV:0100196 FMA:62019 GAID:658 MA:0000861 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.826.701.080 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692 SCTID:279124009 TAO:0000427 The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002788 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1692-FMA_62019 ZFA:0000427 anterior nuclear group anterior nuclear group of thalamus anterior nuclei of thalamus anterior nucleus of thalamus anterior thalamic group anterior thalamic nuclei anterior thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png nuclei anterior thalami nuclei anteriores (thalami) nuclei anteriores thalami nuclei thalamicus anterior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692 anterior thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692 nuclei anteriores thalami FMA:62019 anterior nucleus of thalamus The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_nuclear_group FMA:62019 anterior nuclei of thalamus FMA:62019 anterior thalamic nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692 nuclei anterior thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692 nuclei thalamicus anterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692 nuclei anteriores (thalami) FMA:62019 anterior nuclear group MA FMA:62019 anterior nuclear group of thalamus MA:0000861 anterior thalamic group regional part of posterior hypothalamic region A regional part of brain that is part of a posterior hypothalamic region [Obol]. FMA:62311 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1697 UBERON:0002789 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1697-FMA_62311 posterior hypothalamic region segment segment of posterior hypothalamic region uberon A regional part of brain that is part of a posterior hypothalamic region [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:62311 posterior hypothalamic region segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1697 segment of posterior hypothalamic region dorsal acoustic stria FMA:72496 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1698 UBERON:0002790 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1698-FMA_72496 posterior acoustic stria stria cochlearis posterior uberon FMA:72496 FMA:TA stria cochlearis posterior FMA:72496 posterior acoustic stria regional part of telencephalon A regional part of brain that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. FMA:62374 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1700 UBERON:0002791 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1700-FMA_62374 anatomical structure of brain of telencephalon biological structure of brain of telencephalon brain anatomical structure of telencephalon brain biological structure of telencephalon neuraxis segment of telencephalon regional part of brain of telencephalon segment of brain of telencephalon segment of telencephalon telencephalon anatomical structure of brain telencephalon biological structure of brain telencephalon brain anatomical structure telencephalon brain biological structure telencephalon neuraxis segment telencephalon regional part of brain telencephalon segment telencephalon segment of brain uberon OBOL:automatic telencephalon anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic telencephalon regional part of brain OBOL:automatic telencephalon biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of telencephalon OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of telencephalon OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of telencephalon FMA:62374 telencephalon segment OBOL:automatic telencephalon segment of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of telencephalon OBOL:automatic telencephalon neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of telencephalon OBOL:automatic telencephalon brain anatomical structure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1700 segment of telencephalon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of telencephalon A regional part of brain that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic telencephalon brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of telencephalon lumbar spinal cord . FMA:71168 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1704 SCTID:180962006 UBERON:0002792 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1704-FMA_71168 lumbar segment of spinal cord lumbar segments of spinal cord [1-5] lumbar spinal cord ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Spinal_Cord segmenta lumbalia medullae spinalis [1-5] uberon FMA:71168 lumbar spinal cord FMA:71168 lumbar segment of spinal cord FMA:71168 lumbar segments of spinal cord [1-5] . Wikipedia:Lumbar_spinal_cord FMA:71168 FMA:TA segmenta lumbalia medullae spinalis [1-5] dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a pons [Obol]. FMA:72492 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1707 UBERON:0002793 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1707-FMA_72492 bundle of Schutz of pons bundle of Schutz of pons of varolius dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons of varolius fasciculus of Schutz of pons fasciculus of Schutz of pons of varolius pons bundle of Schutz pons dorsal longitudinal fasciculus pons fasciculus of Schutz pons of varolius bundle of Schutz pons of varolius dorsal longitudinal fasciculus pons of varolius fasciculus of Schutz pons of varolius posterior longitudinal fasciculus pons posterior longitudinal fasciculus posterior longitudinal fasciculus of pons posterior longitudinal fasciculus of pons of varolius uberon OBOL:automatic pons of varolius dorsal longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic bundle of Schutz of pons of varolius OBOL:automatic pons fasciculus of Schutz OBOL:automatic pons of varolius posterior longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic fasciculus of Schutz of pons OBOL:automatic dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons of varolius OBOL:automatic pons posterior longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic bundle of Schutz of pons OBOL:automatic fasciculus of Schutz of pons of varolius OBOL:automatic posterior longitudinal fasciculus of pons of varolius OBOL:automatic pons dorsal longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic pons of varolius bundle of Schutz A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a pons [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pons of varolius fasciculus of Schutz OBOL:automatic pons bundle of Schutz OBOL:automatic posterior longitudinal fasciculus of pons medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a pons [Obol]. FMA:72493 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1708 UBERON:0002794 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1708-FMA_72493 medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons of varolius pons medial longitudinal fasciculus pons of varolius medial longitudinal fasciculus uberon OBOL:automatic pons of varolius medial longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons of varolius OBOL:automatic pons medial longitudinal fasciculus A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a pons [Obol]. OBOL:automatic frontal pole Component of the frontal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the frontal pole are the superior frontal gyrus and the rostral division of the middle frontal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennama-Notestine). FMA:74885 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1716 SCTID:314144002 UBERON:0002795 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1716-FMA_74885 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG polus frontalis uberon NeuroNames:57 polus frontalis Component of the frontal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the frontal pole are the superior frontal gyrus and the rostral division of the middle frontal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennama-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1716 motor root of trigeminal nerve FMA:52612 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1717 SCTID:280189001 TAO:0000650 UBERON:0002796 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1717-FMA_52612 ZFA:0000650 motor branch of trigeminal nerve motor root of nervus v radix motoria (Nervus trigeminus [V]) todo - check ZFA uberon FMA:52612 motor branch of trigeminal nerve FMA:52612 radix motoria (Nervus trigeminus [V]) Wikipedia dorsal trigeminal tract FMA:72500 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1718 The dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, or lemniscus) is a tract which receives signals from Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. this tract arises from Principal trigeminal nucleus and terminates in the VPM nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002797 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1718-FMA_72500 dorsal ascending trigeminal tract dorsal division of trigeminal lemniscus dorsal secondary ascending tract of v dorsal secondary tract of v dorsal trigeminal lemniscus dorsal trigeminal pathway dorsal trigeminothalamic tract posterior trigeminothalamic tract reticulothalamic tract tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior uberon uncrossed dorsal trigeminothalamic tract FMA:72500 posterior trigeminothalamic tract FMA:72500 dorsal trigeminal lemniscus FMA:72500 dorsal ascending trigeminal tract FMA:72500 dorsal division of trigeminal lemniscus The dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, or lemniscus) is a tract which receives signals from Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. this tract arises from Principal trigeminal nucleus and terminates in the VPM nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_trigeminal_tract FMA:72500 reticulothalamic tract FMA:72500 FMA:TA tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior FMA:72500 uncrossed dorsal trigeminothalamic tract FMA:72500 dorsal trigeminal pathway FMA:72500 dorsal trigeminothalamic tract spinothalamic tract of pons FMA:72504 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1719 Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the pontine tegmentum SCTID:369026006 UBERON:0002798 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1719-FMA_72504 pons of varolius spinothalamic tract pons of varolius spinothalamic tract of medulla pons spinothalamic tract pons spinothalamic tract of medulla spinothalamic tract of medulla of pons spinothalamic tract of medulla of pons of varolius spinothalamic tract of pons of varolius uberon OBOL:automatic pons of varolius spinothalamic tract OBOL:automatic spinothalamic tract of medulla of pons OBOL:automatic pons spinothalamic tract OBOL:automatic pons of varolius spinothalamic tract of medulla OBOL:automatic pons spinothalamic tract of medulla FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1719 Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the pontine tegmentum OBOL:automatic spinothalamic tract of medulla of pons of varolius FMA OBOL:automatic spinothalamic tract of pons of varolius fronto-orbital sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-OFS FMA:83768 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1724 UBERON:0002799 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1724-FMA_83768 fronto-orbital dimple orbito-frontal sulcus orbitofrontal sulcus uberon FMA FMA:83768 orbito-frontal sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-OFS orbitofrontal sulcus FMA:83768 fronto-orbital dimple spinal trigeminal tract of pons FMA:72507 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1725 SCTID:369027002 UBERON:0002800 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1725-FMA_72507 uberon stratum zonale of thalamus FMA:83905 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1727 UBERON:0002801 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1727-FMA_83905 neuraxis stratum stratum zonale thalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1727 stratum zonale thalami FMA:83905 neuraxis stratum left parietal lobe FMA:72974 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1728 SCTID:314147009 UBERON:0002802 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1728-FMA_72974 uberon right parietal lobe FMA:72973 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1729 SCTID:314146000 UBERON:0002803 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1729-FMA_72973 uberon left limbic lobe FMA:72981 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1780 UBERON:0002804 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1780-FMA_72981 uberon right limbic lobe FMA:72980 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1781 UBERON:0002805 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1781-FMA_72980 uberon left occipital lobe FMA:72976 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1782 SCTID:314150007 UBERON:0002806 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1782-FMA_72976 uberon right occipital lobe FMA:72975 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1783 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rv9OFy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:314149007 UBERON:0002807 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1783-FMA_72975 uberon left temporal lobe FMA:72972 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1784 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:314158000 UBERON:0002808 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1784-FMA_72972 uberon right temporal lobe FMA:72971 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1785 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:314157005 UBERON:0002809 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1785-FMA_72971 uberon right frontal lobe FMA:72969 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1786 SCTID:314141005 UBERON:0002810 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1786-FMA_72969 uberon left frontal lobe FMA:72970 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1787 SCTID:314142003 UBERON:0002811 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1787-FMA_72970 uberon left cerebral hemisphere FMA:61819 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1795 SCTID:362323007 UBERON:0002812 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1795-FMA_61819 left hemisphere ncithesaurus:Left_Cerebral_Hemisphere uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1795 left hemisphere right cerebral hemisphere FMA:67292 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1797 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvigx5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362322002 UBERON:0002813 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_1797-FMA_67292 ncithesaurus:Right_Cerebral_Hemisphere right hemisphere uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1797 right hemisphere posterior superior fissure FMA:83733 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081254 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081254 SCTID:314170001 UBERON:0002814 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_20081254-FMA_83733 fissura post clivalis post-clival fissure postclival fissure posterior superior fissure of cerebellum postlunate fissure uberon FMA:83733 posterior superior fissure of cerebellum FMA:83733 postclival fissure FMA:83733 FMA:TA fissura post clivalis FMA:83733 post-clival fissure FMA:83733 postlunate fissure horizontal fissure FMA:14697 FMA:75135 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081255 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081255 SCTID:314173004 The largest and deepest fissure in the cerebellum is named the horizontal sulcus (or horizontal fissure). It commences in front of the pons, and passes horizontally around the free margin of the hemisphere to the middle line behind, and divides the cerebellum into an upper and a lower portion. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002815 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_20081255-FMA_14697 fissura horizontalis fissura intercruralis cerebelli great horizontal fissure horizontal fissure of cerebellum horizontal fissure of right lung(line) horizontal sulcus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray702.png/200px-Gray702.png intercrural fissure of cerebellum uberon FMA:75135 great horizontal fissure FMA:14697 horizontal fissure of right lung(line) Wikipedia:Horizontal_fissure_of_cerebellum fissura horizontalis The largest and deepest fissure in the cerebellum is named the horizontal sulcus (or horizontal fissure). It commences in front of the pons, and passes horizontally around the free margin of the hemisphere to the middle line behind, and divides the cerebellum into an upper and a lower portion. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Horizontal_fissure_of_cerebellum FMA:75135 intercrural fissure of cerebellum FMA:75135 FMA:TA fissura intercruralis cerebelli prepyramidal fissure FMA:75138 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081257 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081257 SCTID:314171002 UBERON:0002816 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_20081257-FMA_75138 fissura prebiventralis cerebelli prebiventral fissure of cerebellum prepyramidal fissure of cerebellum prepyramidal sulcus uberon FMA:75138 prepyramidal sulcus FMA:75138 FMA:TA fissura prebiventralis cerebelli FMA:75138 prepyramidal fissure of cerebellum FMA:75138 prebiventral fissure of cerebellum secondary fissure FMA:84043 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081258 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081258 SCTID:314169002 UBERON:0002817 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_20081258-FMA_84043 fissura postpyramidalis cerebelli post-pyramidal fissure of cerebellum postpyramidal fissure secondary fissure secondary fissure of cerebellum uberon FMA:84043 post-pyramidal fissure of cerebellum FMA:84043 secondary fissure of cerebellum FMA:84043 FMA:TA fissura postpyramidalis cerebelli FMA:84043 secondary fissure FMA:84043 postpyramidal fissure posterolateral fissure FMA:83730 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081259 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081259 SCTID:314172009 UBERON:0002818 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_20081259-FMA_83730 dorsolateral fissure of cerebellum posterolateral fissure of cerebellum prenodular fissure prenodular sulcus uberon uvulonodular fissure FMA:83730 uvulonodular fissure FMA:83730 prenodular sulcus FMA:83730 posterolateral fissure of cerebellum FMA:83730 prenodular fissure FMA:83730 dorsolateral fissure of cerebellum apex of cochlea FMA:75641 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2523 The cupula is a structure in the vestibular system, sensing proprioception. The cupula is located within the ampullae of each of the three semicircular canals. As fluid rushes by the cupula, hair cells within it sense rotational acceleration, and transmit the corresponding signal to the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) In their natural orientation within the head, the cupulae are located on the medial aspect of the semicircular canals. In this orientation, the kinocilia rest on the posterior aspect of the cupula. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002819 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2523-FMA_75641 cochlea apex cupula of cochlea uberon FMA:75641 cochlea apex FMA:75641 cupula of cochlea The cupula is a structure in the vestibular system, sensing proprioception. The cupula is located within the ampullae of each of the three semicircular canals. As fluid rushes by the cupula, hair cells within it sense rotational acceleration, and transmit the corresponding signal to the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) In their natural orientation within the head, the cupulae are located on the medial aspect of the semicircular canals. In this orientation, the kinocilia rest on the posterior aspect of the cupula. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Apex_of_cochlea zona arcuata of basilar membrane of cochlea FMA:75709 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2528 UBERON:0002820 UBERON:0002821 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2528-FMA_75709 uberon macula lutea proper FMA:58671 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2542 UBERON:0002822 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2542-FMA_58671 uberon clivus of fovea centralis FMA:58674 NIF differs from FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2544 UBERON:0002823 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2544-FMA_58674 clivus of macula lutea fovea centralis clivus uberon FMA:58674 fovea centralis clivus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2544 clivus of macula lutea vestibular ganglion EMAPA:17573 FMA:53435 MA:0001086 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002199 SCTID:244450009 Scarpa's ganglion The vestibular nerve ganglion (also called Scarpa's ganglion) is the ganglion of the vestibular nerve. It contains the cell bodies of the bipolar primary afferent neurons whose peripheral processes form synaptic contact with hair cells of the vestibular sensory end organs[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002824 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2549-FMA_53435 VHOG:0000682 ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Ganglion uberon vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion vestibular component vestibulocochlear component FMA:53435 Scarpa's ganglion MA:0001086 vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion vestibular component MA The vestibular nerve ganglion (also called Scarpa's ganglion) is the ganglion of the vestibular nerve. It contains the cell bodies of the bipolar primary afferent neurons whose peripheral processes form synaptic contact with hair cells of the vestibular sensory end organs[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Scarpa%27s_ganglion FMA superior part of vestibular ganglion FMA:77531 MA:0002778 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2551 UBERON:0002825 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2551-FMA_77531 pars superior vestibularis uberon vestibular ganglion superior part MA:0002778 pars superior vestibularis MA:0002778 vestibular ganglion superior part inferior part of vestibular ganglion FMA:77532 MA:0002779 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2552 UBERON:0002826 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2552-FMA_77532 uberon vestibular ganglion inferior part MA:0002779 vestibular ganglion inferior part auditory ganglion EFO:0003543 EHDAA2:0002196 EHDAA:5569 EHDAA:6653 EMAPA:17571 Editor notes: Consider follow MA naming scheme. // The cell bodies of the cochlear nerve lie within the central aspect of the cochlea and are collectively known as the spiral ganglion. This name reflects the fact that the cell bodies, considered as a unit, have a spiral (or perhaps more accurately, a helical) shape, reflecting the shape of the cochlea. The terms "cochlear nerve fiber" and "spiral ganglion cell" are used, to some degree, interchangeably, although the former may be used to more specifically refer to the central axons of the cochlear nerve. These central axons exit the cochlea at its base, where it forms a nerve trunk. In humans, this aspect of the nerve is roughly one inch in length. It projects centrally to the brainstem, where its fibers synapse with the cell bodies of the cochlear nucleus[Wikipedia:Cochlear_nerve] MA:0001084 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2564 TAO:0000588 UBERON:0002827 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2564-ZFA_0000588 VHOG:0000696 XAO:0004142 ZFA:0000588 auditory ganglion gVIII sag statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion statoacoustic ganglia uberon vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion ZFA:0000588 statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion ZFA ZFA:0000588 statoacoustic ganglia NBK53175 ZFA ZFA:0000588 sag ZFA:0000588 auditory ganglion MA:0001084 vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion ZFA:0000588 gVIII ZFA ventral cochlear nucleus ABA:VCO BM:CV FMA:54621 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2567 SCTID:280178008 The ventral cochlear nucleus (or anterior, or accessory), placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. Composed of several regions of distinct cell types, this nucleus serves primarily as a relay station for ascending auditory information. Bushy cells in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), which receive end bulbs of held from auditory nerve fibers, project to the superior olivary complex through the trapezoid body and intermediate acoustic stria. Other cell types project to the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus directly. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002828 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2567-FMA_54621 anterior cochlear nucleus c1281209 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gray760.png/200px-Gray760.png uberon ventral cochlear nucleus FMA:54621 anterior cochlear nucleus FMA:54621 ventral cochlear nucleus The ventral cochlear nucleus (or anterior, or accessory), placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. Composed of several regions of distinct cell types, this nucleus serves primarily as a relay station for ascending auditory information. Bushy cells in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), which receive end bulbs of held from auditory nerve fibers, project to the superior olivary complex through the trapezoid body and intermediate acoustic stria. Other cell types project to the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus directly. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_cochlear_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2567 c1281209 dorsal cochlear nucleus ABA:DCO BM:Me-CD FMA:54624 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2569 SCTID:280179000 The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002829 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2569-FMA_54624 dorsal cochlear nucleus dorsal division of cochlear nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gray760.png/200px-Gray760.png ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Cochlear_Nucleus nucleus cochlearis posterior posterior cochlear nucleus uberon FMA:54624 dorsal division of cochlear nucleus FMA:54624 dorsal cochlear nucleus The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus FMA:54624 posterior cochlear nucleus Wikipedia:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus nucleus cochlearis posterior anteroventral cochlear nucleus FMA:72571 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2572 UBERON:0002830 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2572-FMA_72571 anterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus anteroventral auditory nucleus nucleus magnocellularis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2572 nucleus magnocellularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2572 anterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus FMA:72571 anteroventral auditory nucleus posteroventral cochlear nucleus FMA:72572 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2573 UBERON:0002831 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2573-FMA_72572 posterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2573 posterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus ventral nucleus of trapezoid body FMA:72477 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2576 SCTID:369020000 UBERON:0002832 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2576-FMA_72477 anterior nucleus of trapezoid body nucleus anterior corporis trapezoidei uberon FMA:72477 FMA:TA nucleus anterior corporis trapezoidei FMA:72477 anterior nucleus of trapezoid body medial nucleus of trapezoid body FMA:75732 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2595 UBERON:0002833 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2595-FMA_75732 uberon cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6005 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2599 SCTID:278325008 UBERON:0002834 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2599-FMA_6005 cervical dorsal root ganglion cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6005 cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6005 cervical spinal ganglion thoracic dorsal root ganglion A dorsal root ganglion that is part of a thorax [Obol]. FMA:6006 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2600 SCTID:278326009 UBERON:0002835 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2600-FMA_6006 dorsal root ganglion of thorax ganglion of dorsal root of thorax ganglion spinalis of thorax thoracic dorsal root ganglion thoracic spinal ganglion thorax dorsal root ganglion thorax ganglion of dorsal root thorax ganglion spinalis uberon FMA:6006 thoracic dorsal root ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion of dorsal root of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax dorsal root ganglion A dorsal root ganglion that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:6006 thoracic spinal ganglion OBOL:automatic thorax ganglion of dorsal root OBOL:automatic thorax ganglion spinalis OBOL:automatic ganglion spinalis of thorax OBOL:automatic dorsal root ganglion of thorax lumbar dorsal root ganglion FMA:6007 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2601 SCTID:278327000 UBERON:0002836 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2601-FMA_6007 lumbar dorsal root ganglion lumbar spinal ganglion the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. uberon MP:0006404 the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. FMA:6007 lumbar spinal ganglion FMA:6007 lumbar dorsal root ganglion sacral dorsal root ganglion FMA:6008 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2602 SCTID:278328005 UBERON:0002837 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2602-FMA_6008 sacral dorsal root ganglion sacral spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6008 sacral dorsal root ganglion FMA:6008 sacral spinal ganglion first cervical dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25144 FMA:6010 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2603 UBERON:0002838 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2603-FMA_6010 first cervical dorsal root ganglion first cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6010 first cervical spinal ganglion FMA:6010 first cervical dorsal root ganglion second cervical dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25155 FMA:6315 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2604 UBERON:0002839 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2604-FMA_6315 second cervical dorsal root ganglion second cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6315 second cervical spinal ganglion FMA:6315 second cervical dorsal root ganglion third cervical dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25156 FMA:6316 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2605 UBERON:0002840 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2605-FMA_6316 third cervical dorsal root ganglion third cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6316 third cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6316 third cervical spinal ganglion fourth cervical dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25157 FMA:6317 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2606 UBERON:0002841 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2606-FMA_6317 fourth cervical dorsal root ganglion fourth cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6317 fourth cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6317 fourth cervical spinal ganglion fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25158 FMA:6318 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2607 UBERON:0002842 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2607-FMA_6318 fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion fifth cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6318 fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6318 fifth cervical spinal ganglion seventh cervical dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25160 FMA:6360 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2609 UBERON:0002843 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2609-FMA_6360 seventh cervical dorsal root ganglion seventh cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6360 seventh cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6360 seventh cervical spinal ganglion eighth cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6361 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2610 UBERON:0002844 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2610-FMA_6361 eighth cervical dorsal root ganglion eighth cervical spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6361 eighth cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6361 eighth cervical spinal ganglion first thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25174 FMA:6321 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2611 UBERON:0002845 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2611-FMA_6321 first thoracic dorsal root ganglion first thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6321 first thoracic dorsal root ganglion FMA:6321 first thoracic spinal ganglion second thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25175 FMA:6322 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2612 UBERON:0002846 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2612-FMA_6322 second thoracic dorsal root ganglion second thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6322 second thoracic spinal ganglion FMA:6322 second thoracic dorsal root ganglion third thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25176 FMA:6323 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2613 UBERON:0002847 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2613-FMA_6323 third thoracic dorsal root ganglion third thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6323 third thoracic spinal ganglion FMA:6323 third thoracic dorsal root ganglion fifth thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25179 FMA:6325 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2615 UBERON:0002848 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2615-FMA_6325 fifth thoracic dorsal root ganglion fifth thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6325 fifth thoracic dorsal root ganglion FMA:6325 fifth thoracic spinal ganglion sixth thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25178 FMA:6326 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2616 UBERON:0002849 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2616-FMA_6326 sixth thoracic dorsal root ganglion sixth thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6326 sixth thoracic dorsal root ganglion FMA:6326 sixth thoracic spinal ganglion seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25180 FMA:6327 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2617 UBERON:0002850 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2617-FMA_6327 seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion seventh thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6327 seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion FMA:6327 seventh thoracic spinal ganglion eighth thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25181 FMA:6328 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2618 UBERON:0002851 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2618-FMA_6328 eighth thoracic dorsal root ganglion eighth thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6328 eighth thoracic dorsal root ganglion FMA:6328 eighth thoracic spinal ganglion ninth thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25182 FMA:6329 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2619 UBERON:0002852 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2619-FMA_6329 ninth thoracic dorsal root ganglion ninth thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6329 ninth thoracic dorsal root ganglion FMA:6329 ninth thoracic spinal ganglion tenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25183 FMA:6330 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2620 UBERON:0002853 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2620-FMA_6330 tenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion tenth thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6330 tenth thoracic spinal ganglion FMA:6330 tenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion eleventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25184 FMA:6331 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2621 UBERON:0002854 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2621-FMA_6331 eleventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion eleventh thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6331 eleventh thoracic spinal ganglion FMA:6331 eleventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion twelfth thoracic dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25185 FMA:6332 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2622 UBERON:0002855 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2622-FMA_6332 twelfth thoracic dorsal root ganglion twelfth thoracic spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6332 twelfth thoracic dorsal root ganglion FMA:6332 twelfth thoracic spinal ganglion second lumbar dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25165 FMA:6336 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2623 UBERON:0002856 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2623-FMA_6336 second lumbar dorsal root ganglion second lumbar spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6336 second lumbar dorsal root ganglion FMA:6336 second lumbar spinal ganglion first lumbar dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25164 FMA:6335 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2624 UBERON:0002857 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2624-FMA_6335 first lumbar dorsal root ganglion first lumbar spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6335 first lumbar dorsal root ganglion FMA:6335 first lumbar spinal ganglion third lumbar dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25166 FMA:6337 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2625 UBERON:0002858 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2625-FMA_6337 third lumbar dorsal root ganglion third lumbar spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6337 third lumbar spinal ganglion FMA:6337 third lumbar dorsal root ganglion fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25168 FMA:6339 L5 dorsal root ganglion NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2627 UBERON:0002859 UBERON:0003944 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2627-FMA_6339 fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion fifth lumbar spinal ganglion the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra uberon MP:0001022 the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra FMA:6339 fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion FMA:6339 fifth lumbar spinal ganglion L5 dorsal root ganglion MP:0001022 first sacral dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25170 FMA:6342 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2628 UBERON:0002860 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2628-FMA_6342 first sacral dorsal root ganglion first sacral spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6342 first sacral dorsal root ganglion FMA:6342 first sacral spinal ganglion second sacral dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25171 FMA:6343 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2629 UBERON:0002861 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2629-FMA_6343 second sacral dorsal root ganglion second sacral spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6343 second sacral dorsal root ganglion FMA:6343 second sacral spinal ganglion third sacral dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25172 FMA:6344 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2630 UBERON:0002862 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2630-FMA_6344 third sacral dorsal root ganglion third sacral spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6344 third sacral spinal ganglion FMA:6344 third sacral dorsal root ganglion fifth sacral dorsal root ganglion FMA:6346 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2632 UBERON:0002863 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2632-FMA_6346 fifth sacral dorsal root ganglion fifth sacral spinal ganglion uberon FMA:6346 fifth sacral spinal ganglion FMA:6346 fifth sacral dorsal root ganglion accessory cuneate nucleus ABA:ECU BM:Me-CX EV:0100285 FMA:72603 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2634 SCTID:15575006 The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation. It receives input from cervical spinal nerves and transmits that information to the cerebellum. These fibers are called cuneocerebellar (cuneate nucleus &gt; cerebellum) fibers. In this function, the accessory cuneate nucleus is comparable to the upper extremity portion of the posterior spinocerebellar tract. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002864 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2634-FMA_72603 external cuneate nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png lateral cuneate nucleus nucleus cuneatus accessorius nucleus of corpus restiforme uberon Wikipedia:Accessory_cuneate_nucleus nucleus cuneatus accessorius The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation. It receives input from cervical spinal nerves and transmits that information to the cerebellum. These fibers are called cuneocerebellar (cuneate nucleus &gt; cerebellum) fibers. In this function, the accessory cuneate nucleus is comparable to the upper extremity portion of the posterior spinocerebellar tract. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Accessory_cuneate_nucleus FMA:72603 external cuneate nucleus FMA:72603 lateral cuneate nucleus FMA:72603 nucleus of corpus restiforme arcuate nucleus of medulla An arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. FMA:72609 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2635 UBERON:0002865 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2635-FMA_72609 arcuate hypothalamic nucleus of medulla arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus of medulla arcuate nucleus-1 arcuate nucleus-2 of medulla arcuate periventricular nucleus of medulla infundibular hypothalamic nucleus of medulla infundibular nucleus of medulla infundibular periventricular nucleus of medulla medial arcuate nucleus medulla arcuate hypothalamic nucleus medulla arcuate nucleus medulla arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus medulla arcuate nucleus-2 medulla arcuate periventricular nucleus medulla infundibular hypothalamic nucleus medulla infundibular nucleus medulla infundibular periventricular nucleus nucleus arciformis pyramidalis uberon OBOL:automatic arcuate periventricular nucleus of medulla OBOL:automatic medulla infundibular periventricular nucleus OBOL:automatic medulla infundibular hypothalamic nucleus OBOL:automatic medulla arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic medulla arcuate nucleus-2 An arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus that is part of a medulla [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic infundibular periventricular nucleus of medulla FMA:72609 arcuate nucleus-1 OBOL:automatic medulla arcuate hypothalamic nucleus OBOL:automatic arcuate nucleus-2 of medulla OBOL:automatic medulla arcuate nucleus OBOL:automatic arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus of medulla OBOL:automatic medulla arcuate periventricular nucleus OBOL:automatic medulla infundibular nucleus OBOL:automatic infundibular nucleus of medulla NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2635 nucleus arciformis pyramidalis FMA:72609 medial arcuate nucleus OBOL:automatic infundibular hypothalamic nucleus of medulla OBOL:automatic arcuate hypothalamic nucleus of medulla caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus ABA:SPVC EV:0100235 FMA:72606 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.931.920.927 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2637 UBERON:0002866 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2637-FMA_72606 caudal nucleus caudal nucleus (kandell) spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2637 caudal nucleus FMA:72606 spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part central gray substance of medulla FMA:72595 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2638 UBERON:0002867 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2638-FMA_72595 central gray matter medullary central gray substance uberon FMA:72595 medullary central gray substance NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2638 central gray matter commissural nucleus of vagus nerve FMA:54597 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2639 UBERON:0002868 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2639-FMA_54597 commissural nucleus-1 nucleus of inferior commissure nucleus of inferior commisure uberon FMA:54597 nucleus of inferior commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2639 nucleus of inferior commisure FMA:54597 commissural nucleus-1 diffuse reticular nucleus FMA:72598 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2641 UBERON:0002869 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2641-FMA_72598 kolloker-fuse nucleus nucleus of kolliker-fuse uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2641 kolloker-fuse nucleus dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve ABA:DMX BM:DX EHDAA2:0004649 EV:0100287 FMA:54592 MA:0001036 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2642 SCTID:52884007 The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002870 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2642-FMA_54592 dorsal efferent nucleus of vagus dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve dorsal motor nucleus of vagus X nerve dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve dorsal motor vagal nucleus dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve dorsal vagal nucleus dorsal vagal nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gray697.png/200px-Gray697.png ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Nucleus_of_the_Vagus_Nerve nucleus alaris posterior nucleus of vagus nerve uberon vagus nucleus MA NIF Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve vagus nucleus Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve definitional NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2642 nucleus alaris Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve dorsal motor vagal nucleus FMA:54592 dorsal efferent nucleus of vagus Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve dorsal vagal nucleus The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_motor_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2642 dorsal vagal nucleus Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve posterior nucleus of vagus nerve Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus MA:0001036 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus X nerve hypoglossal nucleus ABA:XII BM:XII EHDAA2:0004635 EV:0100286 FMA:54505 MA:0001039 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2644 SCTID:47361005 The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, and it extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle. In the closed medulla, the gracile and cuneate nuclei lie posteriorly, which means the nucleus is not as close to the back of the medulla as in the open medulla. It is, however, still close to the midline. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002871 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2644-FMA_54505 VHOG:0001358 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png hypoglossal XII nucleus hypoglossal nerve nucleus hypoglossal nucleus ncithesaurus:Hypoglossal_Nucleus ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Hypoglossal_Nerve nucleus nervi hypoglossi nucleus nervi hypoglossi nucleus of hypoglossal nerve twelfth cranial nerve nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nucleus nucleus nervi hypoglossi FMA:54505 hypoglossal nerve nucleus MA:0001039 hypoglossal XII nucleus The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, and it extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle. In the closed medulla, the gracile and cuneate nuclei lie posteriorly, which means the nucleus is not as close to the back of the medulla as in the open medulla. It is, however, still close to the midline. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nucleus FMA:54505 FMA:TA nucleus nervi hypoglossi FMA:54505 twelfth cranial nerve nucleus FMA:54505 hypoglossal nucleus FMA:54505 nucleus of hypoglossal nerve inferior salivatory nucleus ABA:ISN EHDAA2:0004641 FMA:72601 In the brain, the inferior salivatory nucleus is a cluster of neurons controlling the parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. It is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2645 UBERON:0002872 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2645-FMA_72601 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray843.png/200px-Gray843.png inferior salivary nucleus inferior salivatary nucleus nucleus salivatorius inferior uberon GO:0021752 inferior salivary nucleus definitional In the brain, the inferior salivatory nucleus is a cluster of neurons controlling the parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. It is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_salivatory_nucleus Wikipedia:Inferior_salivatory_nucleus nucleus salivatorius inferior interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus ABA:SPVI FMA:235324 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2646 UBERON:0002873 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2646-FMA_235324 uberon lateral pericuneate nucleus FMA:72604 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2647 UBERON:0002874 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2647-FMA_72604 uberon medial pericuneate nucleus FMA:72605 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2648 UBERON:0002875 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2648-FMA_72605 uberon nucleus intercalatus EV:0100291 FMA:72597 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2651 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2654 SCTID:369077004 UBERON:0002876 UBERON:0002878 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2651-FMA_72597 intercalated nucleus of medulla nucleus intercalatus of medulla nucleus of staderini nucleus staderini two NIF classes with the same name uberon FMA:72597 nucleus intercalatus of medulla FMA:72597 intercalated nucleus of medulla NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2654 nucleus staderini NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2651 nucleus staderini parasolitary nucleus ABA:PAS FMA:77091 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2653 UBERON:0002877 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2653-FMA_77091 nucleus fasciculus solitarius nucleus juxtasolitarius uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2653 nucleus juxtasolitarius NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2653 nucleus fasciculus solitarius peritrigeminal nucleus FMA:72600 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2655 UBERON:0002879 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2655-FMA_72600 uberon pontobulbar nucleus FMA:72608 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2656 UBERON:0002880 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2656-FMA_72608 nucleus of circumolivary bundle pontobulbar body uberon FMA:72608 pontobulbar body FMA:72608 nucleus of circumolivary bundle sublingual nucleus ABA:NR FMA:68574 In the substance of the formatio reticularis are two small nuclei of gray matter. The one near the dorsal aspect of the hilus of the inferior olivary nucleus is called the Sublingual nucleus (inferior central nucleus, nucleus of Roller.) [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2657 UBERON:0002881 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2657-FMA_68574 inferior central nucleus nucleus of roller nucleus of roller nucleus sublingualis uberon Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus inferior central nucleus Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus nucleus of roller In the substance of the formatio reticularis are two small nuclei of gray matter. The one near the dorsal aspect of the hilus of the inferior olivary nucleus is called the Sublingual nucleus (inferior central nucleus, nucleus of Roller.) [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus FMA:68574 nucleus of roller Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus nucleus sublingualis supraspinal nucleus BM:SSp EV:0100282 FMA:74507 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2658 UBERON:0002882 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2658-FMA_74507 uberon central amygdaloid nucleus BM:Tel-Am-ACE BTO:0002686 EV:0100191 FMA:74047 MA:0002923 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2682 UBERON:0002883 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2682-FMA_74047 amygdala central nucleus central nucleus of amygda central nucleus of amygdala nucleus amygdalae centralis uberon BTO:0002686 amygdala central nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2682 central nucleus of amygda BTO:0002686 nucleus amygdalae centralis FMA:74047 central nucleus of amygdala intercalated amygdaloid nuclei FMA:61868 MA:0002925 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683 UBERON:0002884 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2683-FMA_61868 intercalated amygdaloid nuclei intercalated amygdaloid nucleus intercalated masses of nucleus amygdaloideus intercalated nuclei of amygdala intercalated nucleus of the amygdala massa intercalata massa intercalata of amygdala uberon FMA:61868 intercalated nuclei of amygdala FMA:61868 intercalated masses of nucleus amygdaloideus FMA:61868 intercalated amygdaloid nucleus FMA:61868 intercalated amygdaloid nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683 massa intercalata NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683 massa intercalata of amygdala NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683 intercalated nucleus of the amygdala accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus FMA:61867 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686 UBERON:0002885 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2686-FMA_61867 accessory basal nucleus of amygdala basal amygdaloid nucleus, medial part basomedial nucleus (de olmos) uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686 basomedial nucleus (de olmos) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686 basal amygdaloid nucleus, medial part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686 accessory basal nucleus of amygdala lateral amygdaloid nucleus ABA:LA BM:Tel-Am-ALA BTO:0002704 FMA:61866 MA:0002926 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2687 UBERON:0002886 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2687-FMA_61866 lateral nucleus of amygdala lateral principal nucleus of amygdala nucleus amygdalae lateralis uberon FMA:61866 lateral nucleus of amygdala BTO:0002704 nucleus amygdalae lateralis FMA:61866 lateral principal nucleus of amygdala basal amygdaloid nucleus ABA:BLA FMA:68855 MA:0002921 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2692 UBERON:0002887 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2692-FMA_68855 basolateral amygaloid nucleus basolateral amygdalar nucleus basolateral amygdaloid nucleus basolateral nucleus (de olmos) intermediate principal nucleus nucleus amygdalae basalis lateralis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2692 basolateral amygaloid nucleus FMA:68855 FMA:TA nucleus amygdalae basalis lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2692 basolateral amygdalar nucleus FMA:68855 basolateral amygdaloid nucleus FMA:68855 intermediate principal nucleus lateral part of basal amygdaloid nucleus FMA:68857 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2695 UBERON:0002888 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2695-FMA_68857 lateral basal nucleus of amygdala lateral basal nucleus of the amygdala lateral division of basal nucleus lateral division of the basal nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2695 lateral division of basal nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2695 lateral basal nucleus of amygdala FMA:68857 lateral basal nucleus of the amygdala FMA:68857 lateral division of the basal nucleus medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus ABA:BMA FMA:68858 MA:0002922 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2696 UBERON:0002889 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2696-FMA_68858 basomedial amygdalar nucleus basomedial amygdaloid nucleus medial basal nucleus of amygdala medial division of basal nucleus nucleus amygdalae basalis medialis uberon FMA:68858 MA:0002922 basomedial amygdaloid nucleus FMA:68858 medial division of basal nucleus ABA:BMA basomedial amygdalar nucleus FMA:68858 FMA:TA nucleus amygdalae basalis medialis FMA:68858 medial basal nucleus of amygdala anterior amygdaloid area ABA:AAA BM:Tel-Am-AAA FMA:61861 MA:0002919 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2698 UBERON:0002890 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2698-FMA_61861 anterior amygaloid area anterior amygdalar area uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2698 anterior amygaloid area NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2698 anterior amygdalar area cortical amygdaloid nucleus BTO:0002703 EV:0100193 FMA:61862 MA:0002924 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2700 UBERON:0002891 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2700-FMA_61862 nucleus amygdalae corticalis posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus posterior cortical nucleus of amygdala uberon BTO:0002703 nucleus amygdalae corticalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2700 posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus FMA:61862 posterior cortical nucleus of amygdala medial amygdaloid nucleus BM:Tel-Am-AME BTO:0002702 EV:0100192 FMA:74046 MA:0002927 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2701 UBERON:0002892 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2701-FMA_74046 medial amygalar nucleus medial nucleus of amygdala nucleus amygdalae medialis uberon BTO:0002702 nucleus amygdalae medialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2701 medial amygalar nucleus FMA:74046 medial nucleus of amygdala nucleus of lateral olfactory tract ABA:NLOT BM:Tel-NLOT FMA:61865 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2702 UBERON:0002893 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2702-FMA_61865 lateral olfactory tract nucleus nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (ganser) uberon FMA:61865 lateral olfactory tract nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2702 nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (ganser) olfactory cortex BTO:0001446 EHDAA2:0001289 EHDAA:5482 EMAPA:17779 Editor note - consider relationship: receives_input_from UBERON:0002264 MA:0000193 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2707 The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors[GO]. UBERON:0002894 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2707-MA_0000193 VHOG:0000325 archaeocortex archeocortex ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Lobe olfactory lobe uberon BTO:0001446 archeocortex Editor note - consider relationship: receives_input_from UBERON:0002264 GO MA:0000193 olfactory lobe BTO:0001446 archaeocortex The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors[GO]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_cortex secondary olfactory cortex BTO:0002650 BTO:0004345 Brodmann area 28 Brodmann's area 28; major gateway for neocortical input to the hippocampus; origin of the perforant pathway; a component of the medial temporal lobe memory system. (CSP) * The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus, immediately caudal to the olfactory cortex of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the hippocampus, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY. (Stedman, 25th ed). EV:0100179 FMA considers this a syn of entorhinal cortex. See also brodman definition FMA:68625 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2709 UBERON:0002895 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_2709-FMA_72356 area 28 of Brodmann area 28 of Brodmann (crosby) entorhinal cortex secondary olfactory areas secondary olfactory cortex secondary olfactory cortical area (carpenter) uberon FMA:72356 entorhinal cortex FMA:72356 secondary olfactory cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2709 secondary olfactory areas Brodmann's area 28; major gateway for neocortical input to the hippocampus; origin of the perforant pathway; a component of the medial temporal lobe memory system. (CSP) * The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus, immediately caudal to the olfactory cortex of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the hippocampus, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY. (Stedman, 25th ed). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2709 telodiencephalic fissure FMA:83726 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4001 UBERON:0002896 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4001-FMA_83726 telo-diencephalic fissure uberon FMA:83726 telo-diencephalic fissure cistern of lamina terminalis FMA:74516 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4002 SCTID:12692002 UBERON:0002897 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4002-FMA_74516 cisterna lamina terminalis lamina terminalis cistern ncithesaurus:Lamina_Terminalis_Cistern uberon FMA:74516 lamina terminalis cistern NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4002 cisterna lamina terminalis chiasmatic cistern EMAPA:19057 EMAPA:19150 EMAPA:25081 FMA:74515 In front, the cisterna interpeduncularis extends forward across the optic chiasma, forming the cistern of chiasma or chiasmatic cistern, and on to the upper surface of the corpus callosum, for the arachnoid stretches across from one cerebral hemisphere to the other immediately beneath the free border of the falx cerebri, and thus leaves a space in which the anterior cerebral arteries are contained. The 'leaf' or extension of the chiasmatic cistern above the chiasma, which is separated from the optic recess of the third ventricle by the thin lamina terminalis, has been called the suprachiasmatic cistern. As spaces filled with freely circulating cerebrospinal fluid, cisterns receive little direct study, but are mentioned in pathological conditions. Cysts and tumors of the lamina terminalis extend into the suprachiasmatic cistern, as can pituitary tumors, or the cistern can be partially or completely effaced by injury and hematoma or by blockage of the cerebral aqueduct. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4003 SCTID:47947006 UBERON:0002898 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4003-FMA_74515 cisterna chiasmatica cisterna chiasmatica cisterna chiasmatis ncithesaurus:Chiasmatic_Cistern uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4003 cisterna chiasmatica Wikipedia:Chiasmatic_cistern cisterna chiasmatica In front, the cisterna interpeduncularis extends forward across the optic chiasma, forming the cistern of chiasma or chiasmatic cistern, and on to the upper surface of the corpus callosum, for the arachnoid stretches across from one cerebral hemisphere to the other immediately beneath the free border of the falx cerebri, and thus leaves a space in which the anterior cerebral arteries are contained. The 'leaf' or extension of the chiasmatic cistern above the chiasma, which is separated from the optic recess of the third ventricle by the thin lamina terminalis, has been called the suprachiasmatic cistern. As spaces filled with freely circulating cerebrospinal fluid, cisterns receive little direct study, but are mentioned in pathological conditions. Cysts and tumors of the lamina terminalis extend into the suprachiasmatic cistern, as can pituitary tumors, or the cistern can be partially or completely effaced by injury and hematoma or by blockage of the cerebral aqueduct. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Chiasmatic_cistern NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4003 cisterna chiasmatis hippocampal sulcus AO notes - two classes in ncit (in general ncit distinguishes between fissure and sulcus, whereas FMA treats these as exact synonyms) FMA:83747 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4004 SCTID:369101000 The hippocampal sulcus, also known as the hippocampal fissure, is a sulcus that separates the dentate gyrus from the subiculum and the CA1 field in the hippocampus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002899 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4004-FMA_83747 dentate fissure hippocampal fissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg/200px-Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg ncithesaurus:Hippocampal_Fissure sulcus hippocampalis, sulcus hippocampi sulcus hippocampi uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4004 sulcus hippocampi FMA:83747 dentate fissure Wikipedia:Hippocampal_sulcus sulcus hippocampalis, sulcus hippocampi FMA:83747 hippocampal fissure The hippocampal sulcus, also known as the hippocampal fissure, is a sulcus that separates the dentate gyrus from the subiculum and the CA1 field in the hippocampus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Hippocampal_sulcus transverse occipital sulcus BTO:0003786 FMA:83786 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4013 UBERON:0002900 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4013-FMA_83786 sulcus occipitalis transversus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4013 sulcus occipitalis transversus posterior calcarine sulcus FMA:83787 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4015 UBERON:0002901 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4015-FMA_83787 postcalcarine sulcus posterior calcarine fissure posterior part of calcarine sulcus sulcus calcarinus posterior uberon FMA:83787 posterior part of calcarine sulcus FMA:83787 postcalcarine sulcus FMA:83787 posterior calcarine fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4015 sulcus calcarinus posterior occipital pole BTO:0001868 FMA:74892 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4016 SCTID:314160003 The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002902 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4016-FMA_74892 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG polus occipitalis polus occipitalis cerebri uberon BTO NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4016 polus occipitalis The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Occipital_pole BTO:0001868 polus occipitalis cerebri lunate sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-LUS FMA:83788 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4017 UBERON:0002903 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4017-FMA_83788 lunate fissure ncithesaurus:Lunate_Sulcus sulcus lunatus sulcus simialis uberon FMA:83788 lunate fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4017 sulcus simialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4017 sulcus lunatus lateral occipital sulcus FMA:83785 In the occipital lobe, the lateral occipital sulcus extends from behind forward, and divides the lateral surface of the occipital lobe into a superior and an inferior gyrus, which are continuous in front with the parietal and temporal lobes. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4018 SCTID:369219003 UBERON:0002904 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4018-FMA_83785 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gray727_lateral-occipital_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray727_lateral-occipital_sulcus.svg.png ncithesaurus:Lateral-occipital_Sulcus sulcus occipitalis lateralis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4018 sulcus occipitalis lateralis In the occipital lobe, the lateral occipital sulcus extends from behind forward, and divides the lateral surface of the occipital lobe into a superior and an inferior gyrus, which are continuous in front with the parietal and temporal lobes. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_occipital_sulcus intralingual sulcus FMA:83789 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4019 UBERON:0002905 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4019-FMA_83789 sulcus intralingualis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4019 sulcus intralingualis anterior occipital sulcus FMA:75758 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023 UBERON:0002906 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4023-FMA_75758 ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus posterior inferior temporal sulcus sulci occipitales superiores sulcus annectans sulcus occipitalis anterior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023 sulcus occipitalis anterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023 posterior inferior temporal sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023 sulci occipitales superiores NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023 sulcus annectans NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023 ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus superior postcentral sulcus FMA:83775 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4025 UBERON:0002907 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4025-FMA_83775 postcentral dimple sulcus postcentralis superior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4025 sulcus postcentralis superior FMA:83775 postcentral dimple subparietal sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-SPS FMA:83777 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4026 SCTID:279352008 UBERON:0002908 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4026-FMA_83777 splenial sulcus sulcus subparietalis suprasplenial sulcus uberon FMA:83777 suprasplenial sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4026 sulcus subparietalis FMA:83777 splenial sulcus posterior subcentral sulcus FMA:83778 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4027 UBERON:0002909 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4027-FMA_83778 sulcus subcentralis posterior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4027 sulcus subcentralis posterior posterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus FMA:83761 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4028 UBERON:0002910 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4028-FMA_83761 ascending terminal ramus of sylvian fissure posterior ascending limb of lateral fissure posterior ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus ramus posterior ascendens fissurae lateralis ramus posterior sulci lateralis cerebri uberon FMA:83761 posterior ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4028 ramus posterior ascendens fissurae lateralis FMA:83761 FMA:TA ramus posterior sulci lateralis cerebri FMA:83761 posterior ascending limb of lateral fissure parietal operculum FMA:74889 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4029 SCTID:362353000 The parietal operculum, forming the superior bank of the sylvian fissure, as studied in the cat, contains the secondary somatosensory representation, 'S-II', and a second somatotopic representation (parietal ventral, or PV). Anatomically, primate S-II receives inputs from area 3 and area 1, and projects to PV and area 7. PV has projections to area 5 and premotor areas. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002911 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4029-FMA_74889 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Operculum.png/200px-Operculum.png operculum parietale uberon The parietal operculum, forming the superior bank of the sylvian fissure, as studied in the cat, contains the secondary somatosensory representation, 'S-II', and a second somatotopic representation (parietal ventral, or PV). Anatomically, primate S-II receives inputs from area 3 and area 1, and projects to PV and area 7. PV has projections to area 5 and premotor areas. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Parietal_operculum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4029 operculum parietale marginal sulcus FMA:83773 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4030 SCTID:279351001 The marginal sulcus is the portion of the cingulate sulcus adjacent to the paracentral lobule and the precuneus. It is sometimes known as the 'marginal part of the cingulate sulcus'. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002912 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4030-FMA_83773 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gray727_marginal_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray727_marginal_sulcus.svg.png marginal branch of cingulate sulcus marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus ramus marginalis sulci cingulati ramus marginalis sulci cinguli ramus marginalis; sulcus marginalis uberon FMA:83773 marginal branch of cingulate sulcus The marginal sulcus is the portion of the cingulate sulcus adjacent to the paracentral lobule and the precuneus. It is sometimes known as the 'marginal part of the cingulate sulcus'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Marginal_sulcus Wikipedia:Marginal_sulcus ramus marginalis; sulcus marginalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4030 ramus marginalis sulci cingulati FMA:83773 FMA:TA ramus marginalis sulci cinguli FMA:83773 marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus intraparietal sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-IPS BTO:0003787 FMA:83772 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4031 SCTID:279338006 The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates and human functional neuroimaging. Its principal functions are related to perceptual-motor coordination (for directing eye movements and reaching) and visual attention. The IPS is also thought to play a role in other functions, including processing symbolic numerical information, visuospatial working memory and interpreting the intent of others. [WP,unvetted]. Turner sulcus UBERON:0002913 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4031-FMA_83772 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray726_intraparietal_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray726_intraparietal_sulcus.svg.png interparietal fissure intraparietal fissure intraparietal sulcus of Turner ncithesaurus:Intraparietal_Sulcus sulcus interparietalis sulcus intraparietalis uberon FMA:83772 interparietal fissure BTO:0003787 intraparietal sulcus of Turner FMA:83772 intraparietal fissure The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates and human functional neuroimaging. Its principal functions are related to perceptual-motor coordination (for directing eye movements and reaching) and visual attention. The IPS is also thought to play a role in other functions, including processing symbolic numerical information, visuospatial working memory and interpreting the intent of others. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intraparietal_sulcus BTO:0003787 sulcus intraparietalis BTO:0003787 Turner sulcus Wikipedia:Intraparietal_sulcus sulcus intraparietalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4031 sulcus interparietalis inferior postcentral sulcus FMA:83776 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4032 UBERON:0002914 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4032-FMA_83776 sulcus postcentralis inferior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4032 sulcus postcentralis inferior postcentral sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-PoCS FMA:83774 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4033 SCTID:279339003 The postcentral sulcus of the parietal lobe lies parallel to, and behind, the central sulcus in the human brain. (A sulcus is one of the prominent grooves on the surface of the brain. ) The postcentral sulcus divides the postcentral gyrus from the remainder of the parietal lobe. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002915 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4033-FMA_83774 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Postcentral_sulcus.png/200px-Postcentral_sulcus.png ncithesaurus:Postcentral_Sulcus postcentral fissure of cerebral hemisphere postcentral fissure-1 structure of postcentral sulcus sulcus postcentralis sulcus postcentralis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4033 sulcus postcentralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4033 structure of postcentral sulcus FMA:83774 postcentral fissure of cerebral hemisphere Wikipedia:Postcentral_sulcus sulcus postcentralis FMA:83774 postcentral fissure-1 The postcentral sulcus of the parietal lobe lies parallel to, and behind, the central sulcus in the human brain. (A sulcus is one of the prominent grooves on the surface of the brain. ) The postcentral sulcus divides the postcentral gyrus from the remainder of the parietal lobe. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Postcentral_sulcus central sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-CS FMA:83752 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035 OpenCyc:Mx4rvjMKxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:279340001 The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral cortex of brains in vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, it was originally called the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando. The central sulcus is a prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002916 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4035-FMA_83752 central cerebral sulcus central fissure central sulcus of rolando fissure of rolando http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Central_sulcus.png/200px-Central_sulcus.png ncithesaurus:Central_Sulcus_of_Rolando rolandic fissure sulcus centralis sulcus centralis (rolandi) sulcus centralis cerebri sulcus centralis cerebri sulcus of rolando uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035 sulcus centralis (rolandi) Wikipedia:Central_sulcus sulcus centralis cerebri NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035 sulcus centralis FMA:83752 central cerebral sulcus FMA:83752 central fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035 sulcus centralis cerebri NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035 rolandic fissure The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral cortex of brains in vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, it was originally called the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando. The central sulcus is a prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Central_sulcus regional part of inferior colliculus A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior colliculus [Obol]. FMA:77871 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4036 UBERON:0002917 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4036-FMA_77871 anatomical structure of brain of caudal colliculus anatomical structure of brain of inferior colliculus anatomical structure of brain of posterior colliculus anatomical structure of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum biological structure of brain of caudal colliculus biological structure of brain of inferior colliculus biological structure of brain of posterior colliculus biological structure of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum brain anatomical structure of caudal colliculus brain anatomical structure of inferior colliculus brain anatomical structure of posterior colliculus brain anatomical structure of posterior corpus quadrigeminum brain biological structure of caudal colliculus brain biological structure of inferior colliculus brain biological structure of posterior colliculus brain biological structure of posterior corpus quadrigeminum caudal colliculus anatomical structure of brain caudal colliculus biological structure of brain caudal colliculus brain anatomical structure caudal colliculus brain biological structure caudal colliculus neuraxis segment caudal colliculus regional part of brain caudal colliculus segment of brain inferior colliculus anatomical structure of brain inferior colliculus biological structure of brain inferior colliculus brain anatomical structure inferior colliculus brain biological structure inferior colliculus neuraxis segment inferior colliculus regional part of brain inferior colliculus segment inferior colliculus segment of brain neuraxis segment of caudal colliculus neuraxis segment of inferior colliculus neuraxis segment of posterior colliculus neuraxis segment of posterior corpus quadrigeminum posterior colliculus anatomical structure of brain posterior colliculus biological structure of brain posterior colliculus brain anatomical structure posterior colliculus brain biological structure posterior colliculus neuraxis segment posterior colliculus regional part of brain posterior colliculus segment of brain posterior corpus quadrigeminum anatomical structure of brain posterior corpus quadrigeminum biological structure of brain posterior corpus quadrigeminum brain anatomical structure posterior corpus quadrigeminum brain biological structure posterior corpus quadrigeminum neuraxis segment posterior corpus quadrigeminum regional part of brain posterior corpus quadrigeminum segment of brain regional part of brain of caudal colliculus regional part of brain of inferior colliculus regional part of brain of posterior colliculus regional part of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum segment of brain of caudal colliculus segment of brain of inferior colliculus segment of brain of posterior colliculus segment of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum segment of inferior colliculus uberon OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic inferior colliculus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic inferior colliculus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of posterior colliculus OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of posterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum segment of brain OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic inferior colliculus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of posterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum brain biological structure OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of posterior colliculus OBOL:automatic segment of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of posterior colliculus OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus neuraxis segment A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior colliculus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic inferior colliculus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of posterior colliculus OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of posterior corpus quadrigeminum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4036 segment of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of posterior colliculus OBOL:automatic inferior colliculus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus segment of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of posterior colliculus OBOL:automatic segment of brain of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic inferior colliculus segment of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of posterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus segment of brain OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum regional part of brain FMA:77871 inferior colliculus segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of inferior colliculus OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of posterior colliculus OBOL:automatic inferior colliculus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus anatomical structure of brain medial parabrachial nucleus FMA:72480 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4038 The Medial parabrachial nucleus is a nucleus of the pons which constitutes part of the pneumotaxic center. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002918 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4038-FMA_72480 nucleus parabrachialis medialis uberon The Medial parabrachial nucleus is a nucleus of the pons which constitutes part of the pneumotaxic center. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_parabrachial_nucleus Wikipedia:Medial_parabrachial_nucleus nucleus parabrachialis medialis anterior parolfactory sulcus FMA:83744 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4039 UBERON:0002919 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4039-FMA_83744 paraolfactory sulci paraolfactory sulcus sulcus parolfactorius anterior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4039 sulcus parolfactorius anterior FMA:83744 paraolfactory sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4039 paraolfactory sulci callosal sulcus FMA:83743 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4040 SCTID:279349000 The callosal sulcus is a sulcus in the brain between the cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum, below the longitudinal cerebral fissure. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002920 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4040-FMA_83743 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gray727_sulcus_of_the_corpus_callosum.svg/200px-Gray727_sulcus_of_the_corpus_callosum.svg.png sulcus corporis callosi sulcus corporis callosi sulcus of corpus callosum uberon The callosal sulcus is a sulcus in the brain between the cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum, below the longitudinal cerebral fissure. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Callosal_sulcus FMA:83743 sulcus of corpus callosum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4040 sulcus corporis callosi Wikipedia:Callosal_sulcus sulcus corporis callosi longitudinal fissure FMA:83727 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 OpenCyc:Mx4rwJlWu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:369225004 The great longitudinal fissure (or longitudinal cerebral fissure, or longitudinal fissure, or interhemispheric fissure) is the deep groove which separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. The falx cerebri, a dural brain covering, lies within the medial longitudinal fissure. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002921 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4041-FMA_83727 fissura interhemispherica fissura longitudinalis cerebrales fissura longitudinalis cerebri fissura longitudinalis magna hemispheric sulcus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hemispheres.png/200px-Hemispheres.png interhemispheric fissure longitudinal cerebral fissure longitudinal fissure of hemisphere longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum longitudinal sulcus medial longitudinal fissure ncithesaurus:Longitudinal_Fissure sagittal fissure uberon FMA:83727 sagittal fissure FMA:83727 medial longitudinal fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 fissura longitudinalis magna NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 fissura interhemispherica The great longitudinal fissure (or longitudinal cerebral fissure, or longitudinal fissure, or interhemispheric fissure) is the deep groove which separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. The falx cerebri, a dural brain covering, lies within the medial longitudinal fissure. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Longitudinal_fissure FMA:83727 longitudinal cerebral fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 fissura longitudinalis cerebri FMA:83727 interhemispheric fissure FMA:83727 longitudinal sulcus FMA:83727 hemispheric sulcus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 longitudinal fissure of hemisphere NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 fissura longitudinalis cerebrales olfactory trigone FMA:74883 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4042 SCTID:369102007 The olfactory trigone is a small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002922 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4042-FMA_74883 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png ncithesaurus:Trigonum_Olfactorium trigonum olfactorium trigonum olfactorium uberon Wikipedia:Olfactory_trigone trigonum olfactorium NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4042 trigonum olfactorium The olfactory trigone is a small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_trigone posterior parolfactory sulcus FMA:83745 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4043 UBERON:0002923 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4043-FMA_83745 uberon terminal nerve EFO:0003678 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4044 PMID:2286018 state: 'The presence of an additional cranial nerve (the nervus terminalis or cranial nerve zero) is well documented in many non-human vertebrate species. However, its existence in the adult human has been disputed. The present study focused on the structure and incidence of this nerve in the adult human brain. The nerve was examined post-mortem in 10 adult brains using dissection microscopy, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. In all specimens, the nervus terminalis was identified bilaterally as a microscopic plexus of unmyelinated peripheral nerve fascicles in the subarachnoid space covering the gyrus rectus of the orbital surface of the frontal lobes. The plexus appeared in the region of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid and coursed posteriorly to the vicinity of the olfactory trigone, medial olfactory gyrus, and lamina terminalis. We conclude that the terminal nerve is a common finding in the adult human brain, confirming early light microscopic reports.' TAO:0001356 The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest. UBERON:0002924 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4044-ZFA_0001356 ZFA:0001356 cranial nerve 0 cranial nerve zero nervus terminalis uberon ZFA:0001356 nervus terminalis ZFA PMID:15821344 The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest. Wikipedia:Terminal_nerve ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-041202-1 Wikipedia:Terminal_nerve cranial nerve zero Wikipedia:Terminal_nerve cranial nerve 0 trigeminal nucleus BM:V BTO:0001074 EV:0100271 FMA:71247 GAID:604 MA:0001028 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.931 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nifext_11 SCTID:280164007 UBERON:0002925 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4096-FMA_71248 VHOG:0001353 ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nucleus note massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. See https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis trigeminal V nucleus trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus trigeminal nucleus uberon FMA:71248 trigeminal nucleus BTO:0001074 nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis MA:0001028 trigeminal V nucleus BTO:0001074 nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis BTO:0001074 nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini FMA FMA:71247 trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus gustatory epithelium FMA:62412 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4099 UBERON:0002926 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4099-FMA_62412 editor note - see also epithelium of tongue and subclasses uberon FMA dentate gyrus polymorphic layer MA:0002864 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4128 UBERON:0002928 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4128-MA_0002864 uberon dentate gyrus pyramidal layer MA:0000948 UBERON:0002929 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_4129-MA_0000948 uberon tectopontine tract FMA:72505 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_701 SCTID:3301002 UBERON:0002930 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_701-FMA_72505 fibrae tectopontinae tectopontine fibers tectopontine fibres uberon FMA:72505 tectopontine fibers FMA:72505 FMA:TA fibrae tectopontinae FMA:72505 tectopontine fibres dorsal septal nucleus FMA:61877 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_704 UBERON:0002931 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_704-FMA_61877 uberon trapezoid body BM:TB FMA:72487 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_707 SCTID:369019006 The trapezoid body is part of the acoustic pathway. It is a bundle of fibers and cells in the pontine tegmentum. It consists of fibers arising from the ventral cochlear nucleus. A collection of nerve cells inside forms a trapezoid nucleus. The superior olivary nucleus is situated on the dorsal surface of the trapezoid body. Most nerve fibers pass directly from the superior olivary nuclei to the inferior colliculus. Axons leaving the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) form a broad pathway that crosses under the brain stem in the trapezoid body. A thin pathway, the intermediate acoustic stria, also leaves the VCN, merging with the trapezoid body close to the superior olivary complex, where many of its axons synapse. Axons leaving the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) form the dorsal acoustic stria, which reaches primarily the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002932 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_707-FMA_72487 corpus trapezoideum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gray760.png/200px-Gray760.png uberon The trapezoid body is part of the acoustic pathway. It is a bundle of fibers and cells in the pontine tegmentum. It consists of fibers arising from the ventral cochlear nucleus. A collection of nerve cells inside forms a trapezoid nucleus. The superior olivary nucleus is situated on the dorsal surface of the trapezoid body. Most nerve fibers pass directly from the superior olivary nuclei to the inferior colliculus. Axons leaving the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) form a broad pathway that crosses under the brain stem in the trapezoid body. A thin pathway, the intermediate acoustic stria, also leaves the VCN, merging with the trapezoid body close to the superior olivary complex, where many of its axons synapse. Axons leaving the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) form the dorsal acoustic stria, which reaches primarily the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Trapezoid_body Wikipedia:Trapezoid_body corpus trapezoideum nucleus of anterior commissure ABA:BAC BM:Tel-ACN FMA:61883 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_712 UBERON:0002933 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_712-FMA_61883 anterior commissure nucleus bed nucleus of anterior commissure nucleus of commissura anterior uberon FMA:61883 anterior commissure nucleus FMA:61883 nucleus of commissura anterior FMA:61883 bed nucleus of anterior commissure ventral oculomotor nucleus FMA:72422 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_713 UBERON:0002934 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_713-FMA_72422 uberon ventral oculomotor cell column FMA:72422 ventral oculomotor cell column magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus BM:Die-Th-VA-VAmc FMA:62192 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 UBERON:0002935 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_716-FMA_62192 magnocellular division of ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus magnocellular ventral anterior nucleus nucleus lateropolaris (magnocellularis) nucleus lateropolaris magnocellularis (hassler) nucleus rostralis lateralis situs perifascicularis nucleus thalamicus ventral anterior, pars magnocellularis nucleus ventralis anterior, pars magnocellularis pars magnocellularis nuclei ventralis anterior thalami uberon ventral anterior nucleus, magnocellular part ventral anterior nucleus, pars magnocellularis ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 nucleus thalamicus ventral anterior, pars magnocellularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 nucleus rostralis lateralis situs perifascicularis FMA:62192 ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 nucleus ventralis anterior, pars magnocellularis FMA:62192 FMA:TA pars magnocellularis nuclei ventralis anterior thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 nucleus lateropolaris (magnocellularis) FMA:62192 ventral anterior nucleus, magnocellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 magnocellular ventral anterior nucleus FMA:62192 ventral anterior nucleus, pars magnocellularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 nucleus lateropolaris magnocellularis (hassler) FMA:62192 magnocellular division of ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus magnocellular part of red nucleus FMA:72431 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_720 UBERON:0002936 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_720-FMA_72431 paleoruber red nucleus, magnocellular part uberon FMA:72431 paleoruber FMA:72431 red nucleus, magnocellular part parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus FMA:62191 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_722 UBERON:0002937 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_722-FMA_62191 nucleus ventralis anterior (dewulf) nucleus ventralis anterior, pars parvicellularis uberon ventral anterior nucleus, pars parvicellularis ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part ventralis anterior (jones) FMA:62191 ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_722 nucleus ventralis anterior, pars parvicellularis FMA:62191 ventral anterior nucleus, pars parvicellularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_722 nucleus ventralis anterior (dewulf) parvocellular part of red nucleus FMA:72430 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_725 UBERON:0002938 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_725-FMA_72430 neoruber red nucleus, parvocellular part uberon FMA:72430 neoruber FMA:72430 red nucleus, parvocellular part ventral posteroinferior nucleus BM:Die-Th-VPI BTO:0002464 BTO:0004373 BTO:0004374 EV:0100209 FMA:62199 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_728 SCTID:369173003 UBERON:0002939 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_728-FMA_62199 nucleus ventralis posterior inferior thalami uberon ventral posterior inferior nucleus ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus FMA:62199 ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus FMA:62199 ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus FMA:62199 FMA:TA nucleus ventralis posterior inferior thalami FMA:62199 ventral posterior inferior nucleus anterior column of fornix FMA:61966 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_731 UBERON:0002940 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_731-FMA_61966 anterior crus of fornix anterior pillar of fornix uberon FMA:61966 anterior pillar of fornix FMA:61966 anterior crus of fornix capsule of red nucleus FMA:72450 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_732 SCTID:369245007 UBERON:0002941 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_732-FMA_72450 red nuclear capsule uberon FMA:72450 red nuclear capsule ventral posterolateral nucleus ABA:VPL FMA:62200 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 SCTID:369171001 The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002942 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_737-FMA_62200 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis thalami nucleus ventralis posterolateralis nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami nucleus ventralis thalami posterior lateralis posterolateral ventral nucleus of thalamus posterolateral ventral nucleus of the thalamus uberon ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 posterolateral ventral nucleus of the thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami FMA:62200 ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 nucleus ventralis thalami posterior lateralis The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus Wikipedia:Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis thalami FMA:62200 ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus FMA:62200 posterolateral ventral nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 nucleus ventralis posterolateralis lingual gyrus FMA:61904 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_740 SCTID:279203007 The lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus; behind, it reaches the occipital pole; in front, it is continued on to the tentorial surface of the temporal lobe, and joins the hippocampal gyrus. The lingual gyrus is so-named because it resembles the tongue in shape. This region is believed to play an important role in dreaming and vision, especially in recognizing words, regardless of size, font, etc. Shunt [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002943 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_740-FMA_61904 gyrus lingualis gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gray727_lingual_gyrus.png/200px-Gray727_lingual_gyrus.png lingula of cerebral hemisphere medial occipitotemporal gyrus medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2 uberon FMA:61904 medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2 FMA:61904 lingula of cerebral hemisphere FMA:61904 medial occipitotemporal gyrus FMA:61904 FMA:TA gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis The lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus; behind, it reaches the occipital pole; in front, it is continued on to the tentorial surface of the temporal lobe, and joins the hippocampal gyrus. The lingual gyrus is so-named because it resembles the tongue in shape. This region is believed to play an important role in dreaming and vision, especially in recognizing words, regardless of size, font, etc. Shunt [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lingual_gyrus Wikipedia:Lingual_gyrus gyrus lingualis spinothalamic tract of medulla FMA:72644 GAID:703 MESH:A.08.186.854.761 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_741 Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the medulla SCTID:360570003 UBERON:0002944 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_741-FMA_72644 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png spinothalamic tract uberon FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_741 Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the medulla FMA FMA:72644 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_741 spinothalamic tract ventral posteromedial nucleus ABA:VPM BM:Die-Th-VPM FMA:62202 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 SCTID:369172008 The ventral posteromedial nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002945 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_743-FMA_62202 arcuate nucleus of thalamus arcuate nucleus of the thalamus arcuate nucleus-3 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png nucleus arcuatus thalami nucleus semilunaris thalami nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami nucleus ventralis posteromedialis nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (hassler) posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus semilunar nucleus thalamic gustatory nucleus uberon ventral posterior medial nucleus ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus FMA:62202 thalamic gustatory nucleus Wikipedia:Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami FMA:62202 ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus FMA:62202 arcuate nucleus-3 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 arcuate nucleus of the thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 nucleus ventralis posteromedialis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 nucleus arcuatus thalami The ventral posteromedial nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (hassler) FMA FMA:62202 semilunar nucleus FMA:62202 ventral posterior medial nucleus FMA:62202 posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 nucleus semilunaris thalami FMA:62202 arcuate nucleus of thalamus regional part of cerebellum A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellum [Obol]. FMA:256150 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_748 UBERON:0002946 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_748-FMA_256150 anatomical structure of brain of cerebellum anatomical structure of brain of epencephalon-1 biological structure of brain of cerebellum biological structure of brain of epencephalon-1 brain anatomical structure of cerebellum brain anatomical structure of epencephalon-1 brain biological structure of cerebellum brain biological structure of epencephalon-1 cerebellum anatomical structure of brain cerebellum biological structure of brain cerebellum brain anatomical structure cerebellum brain biological structure cerebellum neuraxis segment cerebellum regional part of brain cerebellum segment of brain epencephalon-1 anatomical structure of brain epencephalon-1 biological structure of brain epencephalon-1 brain anatomical structure epencephalon-1 brain biological structure epencephalon-1 neuraxis segment epencephalon-1 regional part of brain epencephalon-1 segment of brain neuraxis segment of cerebellum neuraxis segment of epencephalon-1 regional part of brain of cerebellum regional part of brain of epencephalon-1 segment of brain of cerebellum segment of brain of epencephalon-1 segment of cerebellum uberon OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of cerebellum OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of cerebellum OBOL:automatic cerebellum brain biological structure OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic cerebellum biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic cerebellum brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 regional part of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of cerebellum OBOL:automatic cerebellum segment of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of cerebellum OBOL:automatic cerebellum neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic cerebellum anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of epencephalon-1 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_748 segment of cerebellum OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 segment of brain A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cerebellum regional part of brain OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of cerebellum OBOL:automatic segment of brain of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of cerebellum OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of cerebellum frontal operculum FMA:74886 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_751 SCTID:362352005 UBERON:0002947 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_751-FMA_74886 uberon superior occipital gyrus FMA:61901 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_758 SCTID:279182006 UBERON:0002948 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_758-FMA_61901 gyrus occipitalis primus uberon FMA:61901 gyrus occipitalis primus tectospinal tract BM:TSp FMA:72620 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_759 UBERON:0002949 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_759-FMA_72620 a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord[GO]. held's bundle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray670.png/200px-Gray670.png tectospinal pathway tractus tectospinalis uberon FMA:72620 tectospinal pathway FMA:72620 held's bundle Wikipedia:Tectospinal_tract a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord[GO]. Wikipedia:Tectospinal_tract tractus tectospinalis regional part of midbrain A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. FMA:61997 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_763 UBERON:0002950 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_763-FMA_61997 anatomical structure of brain of midbrain biological structure of brain of midbrain brain anatomical structure of midbrain brain biological structure of midbrain midbrain anatomical structure of brain midbrain biological structure of brain midbrain brain anatomical structure midbrain brain biological structure midbrain neuraxis segment midbrain regional part of brain midbrain segment midbrain segment of brain neuraxis segment of midbrain regional part of brain of midbrain segment of brain of midbrain segment of midbrain uberon OBOL:automatic segment of brain of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of midbrain FMA:61997 midbrain segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_763 segment of midbrain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic midbrain segment of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of midbrain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain regional part of brain A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic midbrain neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic midbrain brain biological structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of midbrain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain brain anatomical structure regional part of intermediate hypothalamic region A regional part of brain that is part of a intermediate hypothalamic region [Obol]. FMA:62310 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_767 UBERON:0002951 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_767-FMA_62310 anatomical structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area anatomical structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region biological structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area biological structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region brain anatomical structure of intermediate hypothalamic area brain anatomical structure of intermediate hypothalamic region brain biological structure of intermediate hypothalamic area brain biological structure of intermediate hypothalamic region intermediate hypothalamic area anatomical structure of brain intermediate hypothalamic area biological structure of brain intermediate hypothalamic area brain anatomical structure intermediate hypothalamic area brain biological structure intermediate hypothalamic area neuraxis segment intermediate hypothalamic area regional part of brain intermediate hypothalamic area segment of brain intermediate hypothalamic region anatomical structure of brain intermediate hypothalamic region biological structure of brain intermediate hypothalamic region brain anatomical structure intermediate hypothalamic region brain biological structure intermediate hypothalamic region neuraxis segment intermediate hypothalamic region regional part of brain intermediate hypothalamic region segment intermediate hypothalamic region segment of brain neuraxis segment of intermediate hypothalamic area neuraxis segment of intermediate hypothalamic region regional part of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area regional part of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region segment of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area segment of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region segment of intermediate hypothalamic region uberon OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of intermediate hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic area neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of intermediate hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of intermediate hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic region segment of brain OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic region biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of intermediate hypothalamic region NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_767 segment of intermediate hypothalamic region A regional part of brain that is part of a intermediate hypothalamic region [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic region regional part of brain OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic region brain biological structure OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic area regional part of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic region brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of intermediate hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic area anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic area biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic region neuraxis segment FMA:62310 intermediate hypothalamic region segment OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic area brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of intermediate hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic region anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of intermediate hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of intermediate hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic area brain biological structure OBOL:automatic intermediate hypothalamic area segment of brain intermediate acoustic stria FMA:72497 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_768 UBERON:0002952 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_768-FMA_72497 commissure of held intermediate acoustic stria (held) intermediate acoustic stria of held uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_768 intermediate acoustic stria (held) lateral lemniscus BM:Pons-LL FMA:72502 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_976 SCTID:362399003 The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002953 UBERON:0003042 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_774-FMA_72502 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_976-FMA_72502 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lateral_lemniscus.PNG/200px-Lateral_lemniscus.PNG lateral fillet lemniscus lateralis uberon Wikipedia:Lateral_lemniscus lemniscus lateralis The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_lemniscus FMA:72502 lateral fillet dorsal hypothalamic area BM:Die-Hy-HDA FMA:62339 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_777 UBERON:0002954 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_777-FMA_62339 uberon rhomboidal nucleus ABA:RH BTO:0002458 FMA:62154 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_778 UBERON:0002955 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_778-FMA_62154 nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis nucleus rhomboidalis rhomboid nucleus rhomboid thalamic nucleus uberon BTO:0002458 nucleus rhomboidalis FMA:62154 rhomboid thalamic nucleus FMA:62154 rhomboid nucleus BTO:0002458 nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis granular layer of cerebellar cortex ABA:CBXgr BTO:0004425 FMA:83140 MA:0000993 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_779 The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer. UBERON:0002956 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_779-FMA_83140 cerebellar granular layer cerebellar granule cell layer cerebellar granule layer cerebellum granule cell layer cerebellum granule layer granule cell layer of cerebellar cortex ncithesaurus:Granular_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum uberon MA:0000993 cerebellum granule cell layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_779 granule cell layer of cerebellar cortex GO:0021681 The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer. GO:0021681 cerebellar granular layer caudal central oculomotor nucleus FMA:72426 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_780 SCTID:369239004 UBERON:0002957 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_780-FMA_72426 caudal central nucleus caudal central nucleus of oculomotor nerve uberon FMA:72426 caudal central nucleus FMA:72426 caudal central nucleus of oculomotor nerve medial lemniscus of pons A medial lemniscus that is part of a pons [Obol]. FMA:72503 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_781 UBERON:0002958 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_781-FMA_72503 medial lemniscus of pons of varolius pons medial lemniscus pons of varolius medial lemniscus uberon OBOL:automatic pons of varolius medial lemniscus OBOL:automatic pons medial lemniscus OBOL:automatic medial lemniscus of pons of varolius A medial lemniscus that is part of a pons [Obol]. OBOL:automatic subfascicular nucleus FMA:62155 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_783 UBERON:0002959 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_783-FMA_62155 uberon central oculomotor nucleus FMA:72425 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_786 UBERON:0002960 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_786-FMA_72425 central nucleus of perlia nucleus of perlia spitzka's nucleus uberon FMA:72425 spitzka's nucleus archicortex A portion of the cerebral cortex that, with the paleocortex, develops in association with the olfactory system, and which is phylogenetically older than the neocortex and lacks its layered structure. The embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus in mature mammals. Being part of the limbic system, it has functions related to emotions and formation of memory. Signals being sent from the limbic lobe to the hippocampal formations can go via the archicortex as an intermediate. EHDAA2:0004496 FMA:62424 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_787 SCTID:423918008 UBERON:0002961 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_787-FMA_62424 archipallium uberon FMA:62424 archipallium A portion of the cerebral cortex that, with the paleocortex, develops in association with the olfactory system, and which is phylogenetically older than the neocortex and lacks its layered structure. The embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus in mature mammals. Being part of the limbic system, it has functions related to emotions and formation of memory. Signals being sent from the limbic lobe to the hippocampal formations can go via the archicortex as an intermediate. Wikipedia:Archicortex adductor pollicis FMA:37380 In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles[WP]. SCTID:181649004 UBERON:0002962 adductor pollicis muscle musculus adductor pollicis uberon dbpedia medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid dbpedia dbpedia medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle adductor pollicis muscle Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle musculus adductor pollicis In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles[WP]. Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle dbpedia caudal pontine reticular nucleus ABA:PRNc FMA:72469 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_792 The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. In rabbits and cats it is exclusively giant cells, however in humans there are normally sized cells as well. The pontis caudalis is rostral to the gigantocellular nucleus and is located in the caudal pons, as the name would indicate. The pontis caudalis has been known to mediate head movement, in concert with the nucleus gigantocellularis and the superior colliculus. The neurons in the dorsal half of this nuclei fire rhythmically during mastication, and in an anesthetized animal it is possible to induce mastication via electrical stimulation of the PC or adjacent areas of the gigantocellular nucleus. The pontis caudalis is also thought to play a role in the grinding of teeth during sleep. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002963 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_792-FMA_72469 nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part uberon FMA The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. In rabbits and cats it is exclusively giant cells, however in humans there are normally sized cells as well. The pontis caudalis is rostral to the gigantocellular nucleus and is located in the caudal pons, as the name would indicate. The pontis caudalis has been known to mediate head movement, in concert with the nucleus gigantocellularis and the superior colliculus. The neurons in the dorsal half of this nuclei fire rhythmically during mastication, and in an anesthetized animal it is possible to induce mastication via electrical stimulation of the PC or adjacent areas of the gigantocellular nucleus. The pontis caudalis is also thought to play a role in the grinding of teeth during sleep. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus FMA:72469 pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part Wikipedia:Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis dorsal oculomotor nucleus FMA:62442 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_793 UBERON:0002964 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_793-FMA_62442 dorsal oculomotor cell column uberon FMA:62442 dorsal oculomotor cell column rostral intralaminar nuclei FMA:62164 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_794 UBERON:0002965 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_794-FMA_62164 nuclei intralaminares rostrales rostral intralaminar nuclear group rostral intralaminar nuclei uberon FMA:62164 rostral intralaminar nuclei FMA:62164 rostral intralaminar nuclear group NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_794 nuclei intralaminares rostrales regional part of midbrain tectum A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain tectum [Obol]. FMA:62398 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_795 UBERON:0002966 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_795-FMA_62398 anatomical structure of brain of midbrain tectum anatomical structure of brain of neuraxis tectum anatomical structure of brain of tectum biological structure of brain of midbrain tectum biological structure of brain of neuraxis tectum biological structure of brain of tectum brain anatomical structure of midbrain tectum brain anatomical structure of neuraxis tectum brain anatomical structure of tectum brain biological structure of midbrain tectum brain biological structure of neuraxis tectum brain biological structure of tectum midbrain tectum anatomical structure of brain midbrain tectum biological structure of brain midbrain tectum brain anatomical structure midbrain tectum brain biological structure midbrain tectum neuraxis segment midbrain tectum regional part of brain midbrain tectum segment midbrain tectum segment of brain neuraxis segment of midbrain tectum neuraxis segment of neuraxis tectum neuraxis segment of tectum neuraxis tectum anatomical structure of brain neuraxis tectum biological structure of brain neuraxis tectum brain anatomical structure neuraxis tectum brain biological structure neuraxis tectum neuraxis segment neuraxis tectum regional part of brain neuraxis tectum segment of brain regional part of brain of midbrain tectum regional part of brain of neuraxis tectum regional part of brain of tectum segment of brain of midbrain tectum segment of brain of neuraxis tectum segment of brain of tectum segment of midbrain tectum tectum anatomical structure of brain tectum biological structure of brain tectum brain anatomical structure tectum brain biological structure tectum neuraxis segment tectum regional part of brain tectum segment of brain uberon OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of midbrain tectum FMA:62398 midbrain tectum segment OBOL:automatic tectum brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of midbrain tectum OBOL:automatic midbrain tectum brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis tectum neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic tectum anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of neuraxis tectum OBOL:automatic midbrain tectum neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of midbrain tectum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_795 segment of midbrain tectum OBOL:automatic midbrain tectum anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic tectum neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic tectum brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis tectum brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of tectum OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of neuraxis tectum A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain tectum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of tectum OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of tectum OBOL:automatic neuraxis tectum regional part of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis tectum segment of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of neuraxis tectum OBOL:automatic midbrain tectum regional part of brain OBOL:automatic tectum biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of tectum OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of neuraxis tectum OBOL:automatic midbrain tectum segment of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of midbrain tectum OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of neuraxis tectum OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of neuraxis tectum OBOL:automatic midbrain tectum biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic midbrain tectum brain biological structure OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of midbrain tectum OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of midbrain tectum OBOL:automatic neuraxis tectum biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis tectum brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of midbrain tectum OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of tectum OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of neuraxis tectum OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of tectum OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of tectum OBOL:automatic tectum regional part of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis tectum anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic tectum segment of brain cingulate gyrus A gyrus in the medial part of the brain. It partially wraps around the corpus callosum and is limited above by the cingulate sulcus. The cortical part of the cingulate gyrus is referred to as cingulate cortex.[Wikipedia]. The cingulate gyrus receives inputs from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the neocortex, as well as from somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex. It projects to the entorhinal cortex via the cingulum. It functions as an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory. Also, executive control needed to suppress inappropriate unconscious priming is known to involve the anterior cingulate gyrus. It is also involved in respiratory control. BM:Tel-CG BTO:0003976 FMA:62434 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_798 SCTID:279208003 UBERON:0002967 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_798-FMA_62434 cingulate area cingulate region falciform lobe http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png/200px-Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png ncithesaurus:Cingulate_Gyrus uberon upper limbic gyrus FMA:62434 cingulate region FMA:62434 upper limbic gyrus A gyrus in the medial part of the brain. It partially wraps around the corpus callosum and is limited above by the cingulate sulcus. The cortical part of the cingulate gyrus is referred to as cingulate cortex.[Wikipedia]. The cingulate gyrus receives inputs from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the neocortex, as well as from somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex. It projects to the entorhinal cortex via the cingulum. It functions as an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory. Also, executive control needed to suppress inappropriate unconscious priming is known to involve the anterior cingulate gyrus. It is also involved in respiratory control. Wikipedia:Cingulate_gyrus FMA:62434 cingulate area FMA:62434 falciform lobe central gray substance of pons ABA:PCG FMA:72470 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_799 UBERON:0002968 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_799-FMA_72470 central gray of pons pontine central gray uberon FMA:72470 central gray of pons FMA:72470 pontine central gray inferior temporal sulcus BM:Tel-Cx-ITS FMA:83784 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_800 SCTID:279346007 UBERON:0002969 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_800-FMA_83784 inferior temporal sulcus-1 middle temporal sulcus (szikla) ncithesaurus:Inferior_Temporal_Sulcus second temporal sulcus sulcus t2 uberon FMA:83784 sulcus t2 FMA:83784 second temporal sulcus FMA:83784 inferior temporal sulcus-1 intermediate oculomotor nucleus FMA:72420 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_803 UBERON:0002970 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_803-FMA_72420 intermediate oculomotor cell column uberon FMA:72420 intermediate oculomotor cell column periolivary nucleus FMA:72475 MA:0002757 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_804 UBERON:0002971 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_804-MA_0002757 dorsal periolivary nucleus nuclei periolivares pperi-olivary nuclei uberon FMA:72475 FMA:TA nuclei periolivares FMA:72475 dorsal periolivary nucleus FMA:72475 pperi-olivary nuclei centromedian nucleus EV:0100215 FMA:62165 In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 SCTID:279162007 UBERON:0002972 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_805-FMA_62165 central magnocellular nucleus of thalamus central nucleus-1 centre median nucleus centromedian nucleus of thalamus centromedian thalamic nucleus centrum medianum centrum medianum thalami ncithesaurus:Centromedian_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus noyau centre median of luys nucleus centralis centralis nucleus centralis thalami (hassler) nucleus centri mediani thalami nucleus centromedianus nucleus centromedianus thalami nucleus centromedianus thalami nucleus centrum medianum uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 nucleus centromedianus thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 nucleus centralis thalami (hassler) FMA:62165 central nucleus-1 FMA FMA:62165 centromedian nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 nucleus centrum medianum FMA:62165 centre median nucleus Wikipedia:Centromedian_nucleus nucleus centromedianus thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 nucleus centromedianus FMA:62165 centromedian thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 nucleus centralis centralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 nucleus centri mediani thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 centrum medianum In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Centromedian_nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 centrum medianum thalami FMA:62165 central magnocellular nucleus of thalamus parahippocampal gyrus BTO:0004380 EV:0100181 FMA:61918 GAID:634 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.710 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_807 SCTID:279205000 UBERON:0002973 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_807-FMA_61918 a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus. This region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. The anterior part of the gyrus includes the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. The term parahippocampal cortex is used to refer to an area that encompasses both the posterior portion of the parahippocampal gyrus and the medial portion of the fusiform gyrus.[Wikipedia]. gyrus parahippocampalis hippocampal gyrus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG ncithesaurus:Parahippocampal_Gyrus uberon Wikipedia:Parahippocampal_gyrus a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus. This region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. The anterior part of the gyrus includes the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. The term parahippocampal cortex is used to refer to an area that encompasses both the posterior portion of the parahippocampal gyrus and the medial portion of the fusiform gyrus.[Wikipedia]. FMA:61918 hippocampal gyrus Wikipedia Wikipedia:Parahippocampal_gyrus gyrus parahippocampalis molecular layer of cerebellar cortex FMA:83897 MA:0000996 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_810 SCTID:369045002 Taxon notes: Compare with ZFA:0000636 - cerebellar crest, which is also composed of parallel fibers but located in a more restricted nucleus within the cerebellum The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells UBERON:0002974 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_810-FMA_83897 cerebellar molecular layer cerebellum molecular cell layer cerebellum molecular layer ncithesaurus:Molecular_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum uberon GO:0021679 The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells GO:0021679 cerebellar molecular layer medial oculomotor nucleus FMA:72421 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_813 UBERON:0002975 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_813-FMA_72421 medial oculomotor cell column uberon FMA:72421 medial oculomotor cell column preolivary nucleus FMA:72474 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_814 UBERON:0002976 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_814-FMA_72474 preolivary nuclei uberon FMA:72474 preolivary nuclei triangular septal nucleus ABA:TRS BM:Tel-Spt-STN FMA:61880 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_816 UBERON:0002977 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_816-FMA_61880 nucleus triangularis septi triangular nucleus of septum triangular nucleus septum (cajal) uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_816 triangular nucleus septum (cajal) FMA:61880 FMA:TA nucleus triangularis septi FMA:61880 triangular nucleus of septum oral part of ventral lateral nucleus FMA:62193 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817 UBERON:0002978 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_817-FMA_62193 nucleus lateralis oralis situs principalis nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars oralis nucleus ventrooralis externus, anterior part (van buren) subnucleus rostralis uberon ventral anterior nucleus, pars densicellularis ventral lateral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nucleus, oral part ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, oral part FMA:62193 ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, oral part FMA:62193 ventral lateral anterior nucleus FMA:62193 ventral anterior nucleus, pars densicellularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817 nucleus lateralis oralis situs principalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817 subnucleus rostralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817 nucleus ventrooralis externus, anterior part (van buren) FMA:62193 ventral lateral nucleus, oral part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817 nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars oralis Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex ABA:CBXpu BTO:0004909 FMA:83896 MA:0000997 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_818 Purkinje cell layer The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells. UBERON:0002979 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_818-FMA_83896 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer cerebellum Purkinje cell layer cerebellum Purkinje layer ncithesaurus:Purkinje_Cell_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum uberon FMA:83896 GO:0021694 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer FMA:83896 Purkinje cell layer GO:0021680 The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells. opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus FMA:61981 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_823 UBERON:0002980 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_823-FMA_61981 opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus uberon FMA:61981 opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus FMA:61981 posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_823 pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris pulvinar nucleus BM:Die-Th-Pl BTO:0004352 EV:0100213 FMA:62178 GAID:662 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485.600 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_824 SCTID:279157006 The pulvinar is the caudal-most nucleus of the thalamus. The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002981 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_824-FMA_62178 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray719.png/200px-Gray719.png nuclei pulvinares pulvinar pulvinar nuclei pulvinar thalami uberon FMA:62178 FMA:TA nuclei pulvinares FMA:62178 pulvinar FMA:62178 pulvinar nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_824 pulvinar thalami The pulvinar is the caudal-most nucleus of the thalamus. The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pulvinar_nuclei inferior pulvinar nucleus BM:Die-Th-Pl-Pli FMA:62183 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830 UBERON:0002982 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_830-FMA_62183 nucleus pulvinaris inferior nucleus pulvinaris inferior thalami nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars inferior uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830 nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars inferior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830 nucleus pulvinaris inferior thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830 nucleus pulvinaris inferior lateral posterior nucleus ABA:LP BM:Die-Th-LP BTO:0004351 EV:0100212 FMA:62177 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 SCTID:279155003 UBERON:0002983 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_835-FMA_62177 lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus lateral posterior thalamic nucleus laterodorsal nucleus, caudal part ncithesaurus:Lateral_Posterior_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus nucleus dorso-caudalis nucleus dorsocaudalis (hassler) nucleus lateralis posterior nucleus lateralis posterior thalami nucleus lateralis thalami posterior posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 nucleus lateralis thalami posterior NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus FMA:62177 laterodorsal nucleus, caudal part FMA:62177 lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus FMA:62177 posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 nucleus lateralis posterior thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 nucleus lateralis posterior FMA:62177 lateral posterior thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 nucleus dorso-caudalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 nucleus dorsocaudalis (hassler) lateral dorsal nucleus ABA:LD BM:Die-Th-LD BTO:0004349 BTO:0004350 EV:0100211 FMA:62176 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 SCTID:279154004 UBERON:0002984 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_838-FMA_62176 lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus laterodorsal nucleus nucleus of thalamus laterodorsal nucleus thalamic nucleus laterodorsal nucleus, superficial part laterodorsal thalamic nucleus nucleus dorsalis lateralis thalami nucleus dorsalis superficialis (hassler) nucleus dorsolateralis thalami nucleus lateralis dorsalis nucleus lateralis dorsalis of thalamus nucleus lateralis dorsalis thalami nucleus lateralis thalami dorsalis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 nucleus lateralis dorsalis of thalamus FMA:62176 FMA:TA nucleus dorsalis lateralis thalami FMA:62176 laterodorsal nucleus, superficial part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 laterodorsal nucleus thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 nucleus dorsalis superficialis (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 nucleus lateralis thalami dorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 nucleus lateralis dorsalis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 nucleus lateralis dorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 laterodorsal nucleus nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 nucleus dorsolateralis thalami FMA:62176 lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus FMA:62176 laterodorsal thalamic nucleus FMA:62176 lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body ABA:MGv BM:Die-Th-MG-MGv BTO:0002671 FMA:62217 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845 UBERON:0002985 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_845-FMA_62217 medial geniculate complex, ventral part medial geniculate nucleus, ventral part medial nucleus of medial geniculate complex nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars ventralis nucleus geniculatus medialis fasciculosus (hassler) nucleus geniculatus medialis pars ventralis nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati medialis uberon ventral nucleus of medial geniculate complex ventral principal nucleus of medial geniculate body FMA:62217 ventral principal nucleus of medial geniculate body NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845 nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars ventralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845 nucleus geniculatus medialis fasciculosus (hassler) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845 medial nucleus of medial geniculate complex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845 nucleus geniculatus medialis pars ventralis FMA:62217 medial geniculate complex, ventral part FMA:62217 medial geniculate nucleus, ventral part FMA:62217 FMA:TA nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati medialis FMA:62217 ventral nucleus of medial geniculate complex neurofilament . FMA:63859 GO:0005883 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_846 NIF_Subcellular:sao1316272517 UBERON:0002986 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_846-FMA_63859 ncithesaurus:Neurofilament neuronal intermediate filament uberon . Wikipedia:Neurofilament FMA:63859 neuronal intermediate filament anterior spinocerebellar tract FMA:72642 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_848 SCTID:369285001 The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Both these tracts involve two neurons and end up on the same side of the body. The ventral tract (under L2/L3) gets its proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration information from a first order neuron, with its cell body in a dorsal ganglion. The axon runs via the fila radicularia to the dorsal horn of the grey matter. There it makes a synapse with the dendrites of two neurons: they send their axons bilaterally to the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. The ventral spinocerebellar tract then enters the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is in contrast with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (C8 - L2/L3), which only has 1 unilateral axon that has its cell body in the Clarke's nuclei (only at the level of C8 - L2/L3). The fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract then eventually enter the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is one of the few afferent tracts through the superior cerebellar peduncle. Originates from ventral horn at lumbosacral spinal levels. Axons first cross midline in the spinal cord and run in the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. These axons ascend up to the pons where they join the superior cerebellar peduncle to enter the cerebellum. Once in the deep white matter of the cerebellum, the axons recross the midline, give off collaterals to the globose and emboliform nuclei, and terminate in the cortex of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002987 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_848-FMA_72642 gower's tract gowers' tract http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png uberon ventral spinocerebellar tract FMA:72642 gowers' tract FMA:72642 ventral spinocerebellar tract The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Both these tracts involve two neurons and end up on the same side of the body. The ventral tract (under L2/L3) gets its proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration information from a first order neuron, with its cell body in a dorsal ganglion. The axon runs via the fila radicularia to the dorsal horn of the grey matter. There it makes a synapse with the dendrites of two neurons: they send their axons bilaterally to the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. The ventral spinocerebellar tract then enters the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is in contrast with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (C8 - L2/L3), which only has 1 unilateral axon that has its cell body in the Clarke's nuclei (only at the level of C8 - L2/L3). The fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract then eventually enter the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is one of the few afferent tracts through the superior cerebellar peduncle. Originates from ventral horn at lumbosacral spinal levels. Axons first cross midline in the spinal cord and run in the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. These axons ascend up to the pons where they join the superior cerebellar peduncle to enter the cerebellum. Once in the deep white matter of the cerebellum, the axons recross the midline, give off collaterals to the globose and emboliform nuclei, and terminate in the cortex of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_848 gower's tract first dorsal interosseous of hand FMA:37424 SCTID:245003002 UBERON:0002988 abductor indicis uberon FMA FMA:37424 abductor indicis anconeus FMA:37704 SCTID:244993003 Some consider anconeus to be a continuation of the triceps brachii muscle. Some sources consider it to be part of the posterior compartment of the arm, while others consider it part of the posterior compartment of the forearm. UBERON:0002989 anconeus muscle musculus anconeus small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint. uberon Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle musculus anconeus dbpedia lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally dbpedia Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint. FMA Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle anconeus muscle dbpedia lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus FMA:62059 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_855 SCTID:369139008 UBERON:0002990 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_855-FMA_62059 uberon supramammillary commissure FMA:62056 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_859 SCTID:369148003 UBERON:0002991 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_859-FMA_62056 commissure of forel commissure y postmammillary decussation supramammillary decussation uberon FMA:62056 postmammillary decussation FMA:62056 commissure y FMA:62056 supramammillary decussation paratenial nucleus ABA:PT BTO:0002457 FMA:62151 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_860 One of the median nuclei of the thalamus, situated ventral and medial to the stria medullaris. SCTID:422800004 UBERON:0002992 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_860-FMA_62151 nucleus parataenialis nucleus parataenialis thalami parataenial nucleus paratenial nucleus of thalamus paratenial thalamic nucleus uberon FMA:62151 parataenial nucleus BTO:0002457 nucleus parataenialis ABA FMA NIF BTO:0002457 nucleus parataenialis thalami FMA:62151 FMA:TA nucleus parataenialis BTO:0002457 One of the median nuclei of the thalamus, situated ventral and medial to the stria medullaris. BTO:0002457 paratenial nucleus of thalamus FMA:62151 paratenial thalamic nucleus inferior central nucleus FMA:72466 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_861 UBERON:0002993 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_861-FMA_72466 inferior central nucleus (of roller) inferior central nucleus of raphe inferior central tegmental nucleus todo - compare with UBERON:0002881 uberon FMA FMA:72466 inferior central nucleus of raphe FMA FMA:72466 inferior central nucleus (of roller) FMA:72466 inferior central tegmental nucleus nucleus of pretectal area FMA:72401 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_864 UBERON:0002994 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_864-FMA_72401 pretectal area nucleus uberon FMA:72401 pretectal area nucleus substantia nigra pars lateralis ABA:SNI FMA:76844 MA:0001065 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_866 Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM). Substantia nigra, lateral part UBERON:0002995 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_866-MA_0001065 disjointness violation - relationship: part_of UBERON:0001966 lateral part of substantia nigra pars lateralis uberon MA ABA:SNI Substantia nigra, lateral part NIF disjointness violation - relationship: part_of UBERON:0001966 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_866 pars lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_866 Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM). FMA:76844 lateral part of substantia nigra nucleus of optic tract ABA:NOT FMA:72403 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_868 UBERON:0002996 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_868-FMA_72403 large-celled nucleus of optic tract lentiform nucleus of pretectal area nucleus of the optic tract optic tract nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_868 nucleus of the optic tract FMA:72403 lentiform nucleus of pretectal area FMA:72403 large-celled nucleus of optic tract FMA:72403 optic tract nucleus nucleus of medial eminence FMA:72467 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_870 UBERON:0002997 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_870-FMA_72467 medial eminence nucleus nucleus of eminentia teres uberon FMA:72467 nucleus of eminentia teres FMA:72467 medial eminence nucleus inferior frontal gyrus BTO:0004835 FMA:61860 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_873 SCTID:362333004 The inferior frontal gyrus is a gyrus of the frontal lobe of the human brain. Its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus, its inferior border the lateral fissure, and its posterior border is the inferior precentral sulcus. Above it is the middle frontal gyrus, behind it the precentral gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002998 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_873-FMA_61860 gyrus frontalis inferior inferior frontal convolution ncit has two classes, but these are exact synonyms in FMA ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Convolution ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus uberon FMA:61860 inferior frontal convolution The inferior frontal gyrus is a gyrus of the frontal lobe of the human brain. Its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus, its inferior border the lateral fissure, and its posterior border is the inferior precentral sulcus. Above it is the middle frontal gyrus, behind it the precentral gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_gyrus Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_gyrus gyrus frontalis inferior oral pontine reticular nucleus ABA:PRNv FMA:72468 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_875 The oral pontine reticular nucleus is delineated from its caudal brother, with which it shares its first three names. This nucleus tapers into the lower mesencephalic reticular formation and contains sporadic giant cells. Different populations of the pontis oralis have displayed discharge patterns which coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep. From this information it has been implied that the n.r. pontis oralis is involved in the mediation of changing to and from REM sleep. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002999 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_875-FMA_72468 nucleus reticularis pontis oralis pontine reticular nucleus, rostral part uberon Wikipedia:Oral_pontine_reticular_nucleus nucleus reticularis pontis oralis FMA The oral pontine reticular nucleus is delineated from its caudal brother, with which it shares its first three names. This nucleus tapers into the lower mesencephalic reticular formation and contains sporadic giant cells. Different populations of the pontis oralis have displayed discharge patterns which coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep. From this information it has been implied that the n.r. pontis oralis is involved in the mediation of changing to and from REM sleep. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Oral_pontine_reticular_nucleus FMA:72468 pontine reticular nucleus, rostral part FMA intermediate filament . FMA:63851 GAID:1079 GO:0005882 MESH:A.11.284.195.190.750.410 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_879 NIF_Subcellular:sao952483289 UBERON:0003000 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_879-FMA_63851 ncithesaurus:Intermediate_Filament uberon . Wikipedia:Intermediate_filament lemniscus A bundle or band of sensory nerve fibers. ribbon, from Greek lemniskos. FMA:76742 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_881 UBERON:0003001 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_881-FMA_76742 uberon A bundle or band of sensory nerve fibers. ribbon, from Greek lemniskos. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_881 Wikipedia:Lemniscus_(anatomy) medial lemniscus BM:LM FMA:83675 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_887 SCTID:362398006 The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon, is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003002 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_887-FMA_83675 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray759.png/200px-Gray759.png lemniscus medialis uberon The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon, is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_lemniscus Wikipedia:Medial_lemniscus lemniscus medialis microfilament . FMA:63850 GAID:1080 GO:0005884 MESH:A.11.284.195.190.750.510 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_888 NIF_Subcellular:sao2006047981 UBERON:0003003 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_888-FMA_63850 actin filament microfilament microfilamentum ncithesaurus:Actin_Filament uberon FMA:63850 microfilamentum FMA:63850 actin filament . Wikipedia:Microfilament FMA:63850 microfilament median raphe nucleus ABA:CS BM:MR FMA:72465 MRN NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_889 TODO: The term medial raphe nucleus refers to a composite structure that consists of the superior central nucleus and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 )[http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?type=h&ID=1391] The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. One trait of the MRN is its inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocin, two serotonin antagonist hallucinogens. The inactivation of the nucleus centralis superior via LSD produces a dose dependent inactivation in the MRN, but not in the raphe pallidus[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003004 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_889-FMA_72465 cell group b8 medial raphe nucleus median nucleus of the raphe nucleus raphes medianus nucleus raphes medianus, nucleus centralis superior superior central nucleus superior central nucleus raphe superior central tegmental nucleus uberon Wikipedia:Median_raphe_nucleus nucleus raphes medianus, nucleus centralis superior FMA:72465 FMA:TA nucleus raphes medianus Wikipedia FMA:72465 superior central nucleus raphe FMA:72465 median nucleus of the raphe Wikipedia FMA:72465 superior central tegmental nucleus FMA:72465 superior central nucleus The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. One trait of the MRN is its inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocin, two serotonin antagonist hallucinogens. The inactivation of the nucleus centralis superior via LSD produces a dose dependent inactivation in the MRN, but not in the raphe pallidus[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Median_raphe_nucleus https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3248146&group_id=36855 dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. FMA:72453 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_893 UBERON:0003005 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_893-FMA_72453 bundle of Schutz of midbrain fasciculus of Schutz of midbrain midbrain bundle of Schutz midbrain dorsal longitudinal fasciculus midbrain fasciculus of Schutz midbrain posterior longitudinal fasciculus posterior longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain uberon OBOL:automatic fasciculus of Schutz of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain fasciculus of Schutz OBOL:automatic midbrain dorsal longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic midbrain posterior longitudinal fasciculus A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic midbrain bundle of Schutz OBOL:automatic bundle of Schutz of midbrain OBOL:automatic posterior longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus ABA:NLLd BM:LLD FMA:72483 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_894 UBERON:0003006 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_894-FMA_72483 dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, dorsal part nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus uberon FMA:72483 dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus ABA:NLLd nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, dorsal part FMA:72483 FMA:TA nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis FMA:72483 posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus lateral parabrachial nucleus FMA:72481 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_897 The lateral parabrachial nucleus induces thirst by stimulating the median preoptic nucleus. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003007 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_897-FMA_72481 uberon The lateral parabrachial nucleus induces thirst by stimulating the median preoptic nucleus. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lateral_parabrachial_nucleus dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a hypothalamus [Obol]. FMA:62063 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_898 UBERON:0003008 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_898-FMA_62063 bundle of Schutz of hypothalamus bundle of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic area bundle of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic region dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic area dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic region fasciculus of Schutz of hypothalamus fasciculus of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic area fasciculus of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic region hypothalamus bundle of Schutz hypothalamus dorsal longitudinal fasciculus hypothalamus fasciculus of Schutz hypothalamus posterior longitudinal fasciculus posterior longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus posterior longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic area posterior longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic region preoptico-hypothalamic area bundle of Schutz preoptico-hypothalamic area dorsal longitudinal fasciculus preoptico-hypothalamic area fasciculus of Schutz preoptico-hypothalamic area posterior longitudinal fasciculus preoptico-hypothalamic region bundle of Schutz preoptico-hypothalamic region dorsal longitudinal fasciculus preoptico-hypothalamic region fasciculus of Schutz preoptico-hypothalamic region posterior longitudinal fasciculus uberon OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region posterior longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region bundle of Schutz OBOL:automatic hypothalamus fasciculus of Schutz OBOL:automatic fasciculus of Schutz of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic hypothalamus posterior longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic bundle of Schutz of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic bundle of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic posterior longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic hypothalamus bundle of Schutz OBOL:automatic hypothalamus dorsal longitudinal fasciculus A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a hypothalamus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fasciculus of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic bundle of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic posterior longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area posterior longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region dorsal longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region fasciculus of Schutz OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area bundle of Schutz OBOL:automatic fasciculus of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic posterior longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area dorsal longitudinal fasciculus OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area fasciculus of Schutz dorsal tegmental decussation FMA:72451 Meynert's decussation NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_901 SCTID:369248009 UBERON:0003009 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_901-FMA_72451 decussatio tegmentalis posterior dorsal fountain decussation fountain decussation of Meynert posterior tegmental decussation uberon FMA:72451 posterior tegmental decussation FMA:72451 FMA:TA decussatio tegmentalis posterior FMA:72451 dorsal fountain decussation FMA:72451 Meynert's decussation lateral pes lemniscus FMA:72459 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_902 UBERON:0003010 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_902-FMA_72459 deep pes lemniscus lateral pontine bundle laterale haubenfussschleife laterale pontine buendel uberon FMA:72459 lateral pontine bundle FMA:72459 deep pes lemniscus facial motor nucleus ABA:VII FMA:54582 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_903 TAO:0000206 The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve. These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003011 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_903-FMA_54582 ZFA:0000206 branchiomotor nucleus of facial nerve facial motor nucleus facial nerve motor nucleus facial nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/200px-Gray788.png motor nucleus VII motor nucleus of VII motor nucleus of facial nerve n. nervi facialis nVII nucleus motorius nervi facialis see comments for facial nucleus. also check ZFA/pons uberon Wikipedia:Facial_motor_nucleus n. nervi facialis FMA:54582 motor nucleus of VII FMA:54582 facial motor nucleus The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve. These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Facial_motor_nucleus Wikipedia:Facial_nucleus facial nucleus ZFA:0000206 motor nucleus VII ZFA:0000206 nVII FMA:54582 motor nucleus of facial nerve FMA:54582 branchiomotor nucleus of facial nerve ZFA:0000206 nucleus motorius nervi facialis ZFA:0000206 facial nerve motor nucleus flocculonodular lobe EV:0100297 FMA:72253 MA:0002965 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_904 SCTID:279361008 The flocculonodular lobe is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus. It is closely associated with the vestibulocerebellum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003012 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_904-FMA_72253 cerebellum flocculonodular lobe flocculonodular lobe flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png/200px-CerebellumDiv.png lobus flocculonodularis posterior lobe-2 of cerebellum uberon FMA:72253 flocculonodular lobe FMA:72253 flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum FMA:72253 FMA:TA lobus flocculonodularis MA:0002965 cerebellum flocculonodular lobe The flocculonodular lobe is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus. It is closely associated with the vestibulocerebellum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Flocculonodular_lobe FMA:72253 posterior lobe-2 of cerebellum alar central lobule FMA:72517 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_907 The lobulus centralis is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the alar central lobule. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003013 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_907-FMA_72517 ala lobuli centralis alae of central lobule lobules II, III of vermis uberon Wikipedia:Alar_central_lobule ala lobuli centralis FMA:72517 lobules II, III of vermis The lobulus centralis is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the alar central lobule. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Alar_central_lobule FMA:72517 alae of central lobule anterior quadrangular lobule FMA:72516 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_913 SCTID:369041006 UBERON:0003015 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_913-FMA_72516 anterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum anterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum anterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum [H IV et V] anterior semilunar lobule lobulus quadrangularis anterior cerebelli [h iv et v] semilunar lobule-1 (anterior) uberon FMA:72516 anterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum FMA:72516 semilunar lobule-1 (anterior) FMA:72516 anterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum FMA:72516 FMA:TA lobulus quadrangularis anterior cerebelli [h iv et v] FMA:72516 anterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum [H IV et V] FMA:72516 anterior semilunar lobule postcommissural fornix FMA:62062 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_914 UBERON:0003016 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_914-FMA_62062 uberon substantia innominata ABA:SI BM:Tel-SI BTO:0002447 FMA:61885 GAID:638 MESH:A.08.186.211.577.820 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_915 The substantia innominata (literally 'unnamed substance') of Meynert is a stratum consisting partly of gray and partly of white substance, which lies below the anterior part of the thalamus and lentiform nucleus. The gross anatomical structure is called anterior perforated substance because to the naked eye looks perforated by many holes. Holes are due to many blood vessels that pass through this area. It is part of the basal forebrain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003017 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_915-FMA_61885 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG/200px-Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG innominate substance nucleus of substantia innominata substantia innominata of Reichert substantia innominata of Reil uberon ABA BTO:0002447 substantia innominata of Reil The substantia innominata (literally 'unnamed substance') of Meynert is a stratum consisting partly of gray and partly of white substance, which lies below the anterior part of the thalamus and lentiform nucleus. The gross anatomical structure is called anterior perforated substance because to the naked eye looks perforated by many holes. Holes are due to many blood vessels that pass through this area. It is part of the basal forebrain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Substantia_innominata FMA:61885 innominate substance WP FMA:61885 nucleus of substantia innominata BTO:0002447 substantia innominata of Reichert parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus ABA:VPMpc FMA:62207 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917 UBERON:0003018 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_917-FMA_62207 gustatory nucleus (thalamus) gustatory thalamic nucleus nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami, pars parvicellularis pars parvicellularis nuclei ventralis posteromedialis thalami parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus uberon ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus, parvicellular part ventral posteromedial nucleus, parvocellular part ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, parvicellular part FMA:62207 ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917 gustatory nucleus (thalamus) FMA:62207 ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus, parvicellular part FMA:62207 ventral posteromedial nucleus, parvocellular part FMA:62207 parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917 ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, parvicellular part FMA:62207 FMA:TA pars parvicellularis nuclei ventralis posteromedialis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917 nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami, pars parvicellularis FMA:62207 gustatory thalamic nucleus oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus FMA:62205 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 UBERON:0003019 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_918-FMA_62205 nucleus lateralis intermedius lateralis nucleus posteroventralis oralis nucleus ventralis intermedius (dewulf) nucleus ventralis intermedius (walker) nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, pars oralis nucleus ventrointermedius uberon ventral part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones) ventral posterolateral nucleus, oral part ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, oral part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 nucleus ventralis intermedius (dewulf) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 nucleus ventrointermedius NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 nucleus ventralis intermedius (walker) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 nucleus lateralis intermedius lateralis FMA:62205 ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, oral part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, pars oralis FMA:62205 ventral posterolateral nucleus, oral part NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 nucleus posteroventralis oralis subcallosal area FMA:61890 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_919 SCTID:362357004 The subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca, area parolfactoria) is a small triangular field on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the subcallosal gyrus, from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus; it is continuous below with the olfactory trigone, and above and in front with the cingulate gyrus; it is limited anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003020 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_919-FMA_61890 adolfactory area area paraolfactoria area subcallosa, area parolfactoria http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png paraolfactory area parolfactory area uberon FMA:61890 adolfactory area FMA:61890 paraolfactory area The subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca, area parolfactoria) is a small triangular field on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the subcallosal gyrus, from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus; it is continuous below with the olfactory trigone, and above and in front with the cingulate gyrus; it is limited anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area FMA:61890 FMA:TA area paraolfactoria Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area area subcallosa, area parolfactoria FMA:61890 parolfactory area central lobule ABA:CENT FMA:72519 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_920 SCTID:279383007 The central lobule is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the ala lobuli centralis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003021 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_920-FMA_72519 central lobule of cerebellum central lobule of cerebellum [II and III] http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gray703.png/200px-Gray703.png lobulus centralis lobulus centralis cerebelli [ii et iii] uberon The central lobule is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the ala lobuli centralis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Central_lobule FMA:72519 central lobule of cerebellum FMA:72519 FMA:TA lobulus centralis cerebelli [ii et iii] Wikipedia:Central_lobule lobulus centralis FMA:72519 central lobule of cerebellum [II and III] lobe parts of cerebral cortex FMA:68603 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_922 UBERON:0003022 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_922-FMA_68603 cerebral cortical segment check w.r.t regional part of cerebreal cortex regional organ part of cerebral cortex segment of cerebral cortex uberon FMA:68603 regional organ part of cerebral cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_922 segment of cerebral cortex FMA:68603 cerebral cortical segment pontine tegmentum FMA:71108 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_923 SCTID:362401009 The pontine tegmentum is a part of the pons of the brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. It includes the pedunculopontine nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, among others, and is located near the raphe nucleus and the locus ceruleus. The trapezoid body is part of the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003023 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_923-FMA_71108 dorsal portion of pons http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Brainstem_Abducens.png/200px-Brainstem_Abducens.png tegmental portion of pons tegmentum of pons tegmentum pontis tegmentum pontis uberon The pontine tegmentum is a part of the pons of the brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. It includes the pedunculopontine nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, among others, and is located near the raphe nucleus and the locus ceruleus. The trapezoid body is part of the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum FMA:71108 dorsal portion of pons Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum tegmentum pontis FMA:71108 FMA:TA tegmentum pontis FMA:71108 tegmental portion of pons FMA:71108 tegmentum of pons principal part of ventral posteromedial nucleus FMA:62208 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_927 UBERON:0003024 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_927-FMA_62208 nucleus ventralis posteromedialis, pars prinicipalis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_927 nucleus ventralis posteromedialis, pars prinicipalis brachium of inferior colliculus BM:MB-BSC FMA:71114 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_929 The Brachium of inferior colliculus (or inferior brachium) carries auditory afferent fibers from the inferior colliculus of the mesencephalon to the medial geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003025 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_929-FMA_71114 brachium colliculi inferioris brachium of medial geniculate http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG inferior brachium inferior collicular brachium inferior colliculus brachium inferior quadrigeminal brachium peduncle of inferior colliculus uberon The Brachium of inferior colliculus (or inferior brachium) carries auditory afferent fibers from the inferior colliculus of the mesencephalon to the medial geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brachium_of_inferior_colliculus FMA:71114 peduncle of inferior colliculus FMA:71114 inferior quadrigeminal brachium FMA:71114 brachium of medial geniculate FMA:71114 inferior brachium FMA:71114 inferior colliculus brachium Wikipedia:Brachium_of_inferior_colliculus brachium colliculi inferioris FMA:71114 inferior collicular brachium limitans nucleus BM:Die-Th-L FMA:62220 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931 SCTID:369181002 UBERON:0003026 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_931-FMA_62220 limitans thalamic nucleus nucleus limitans nucleus limitans opticus (hassler) nucleus limitans thalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931 nucleus limitans thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931 nucleus limitans NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931 limitans thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931 nucleus limitans opticus (hassler) cingulate cortex BM:Tel-Cx-Cg BTO:0003975 EFO:0000343 MA:0000904 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_934 The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003027 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_934-MA_0000904 gyrus cingulatus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png/200px-Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png ncithesaurus:Cingulate_Cortex uberon Wikipedia:Cingulate_cortex gyrus cingulatus The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cingulate_cortex commissure of inferior colliculus A commissure that is part of a inferior colliculus [Obol]. FMA:71115 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_935 SCTID:369260005 UBERON:0003028 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_935-FMA_71115 caudal colliculus commissure commissure of caudal colliculus commissure of inferior colliculi commissure of posterior colliculus commissure of posterior corpus quadrigeminum inferior collicular commissure inferior colliculus commissure posterior colliculus commissure posterior corpus quadrigeminum commissure uberon OBOL:automatic commissure of posterior corpus quadrigeminum OBOL:automatic commissure of caudal colliculus OBOL:automatic caudal colliculus commissure OBOL:automatic posterior colliculus commissure OBOL:automatic commissure of posterior colliculus FMA:71115 inferior collicular commissure FMA:71115 commissure of inferior colliculi FMA:71115 inferior colliculus commissure A commissure that is part of a inferior colliculus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic posterior corpus quadrigeminum commissure stria terminalis BM:ST BM:STr BTO:0004616 FMA:61974 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_937 The stria terminalis (terminal stria) is a structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. Serving as a major output pathway of the amygdala, the stria terminalis runs from its corticomedial division to the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003029 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_937-FMA_61974 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gray683.png/200px-Gray683.png semicircular stria stria terminalis terminal stria uberon The stria terminalis (terminal stria) is a structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. Serving as a major output pathway of the amygdala, the stria terminalis runs from its corticomedial division to the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Stria_terminalis Wikipedia:Terminal_stria terminal stria FMA:61974 semicircular stria Wikipedia:Stria_terminalis stria terminalis posterior nucleus of thalamus BM:Die-Th-Po FMA:62221 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_939 SCTID:424901000 TAO:0000325 UBERON:0003030 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_939-FMA_62221 ZFA:0000325 ncithesaurus:Posterior_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus nucleus posterior thalami uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_939 nucleus posterior thalami submedial nucleus ABA:SMT EV:0100203 FMA:62223 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946 SCTID:279151007 UBERON:0003031 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_946-FMA_62223 gelatinosus thalamic nucleus nucleus submedialis thalami nucleus submedius thalami submedial nucleus of thalamus submedial nucleus thalamus submedial thalamic nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946 submedial nucleus thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946 nucleus submedius thalami FMA:62223 gelatinosus thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946 submedial thalamic nucleus FMA:62223 submedial nucleus of thalamus FMA:62223 FMA:TA nucleus submedialis thalami suprageniculate nucleus ABA:SGN BM:Die-Th-SG FMA:62222 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_953 SCTID:369180001 UBERON:0003033 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_953-FMA_62222 nucleus suprageniculatus suprageniculate thalamic nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_953 nucleus suprageniculatus FMA:62222 suprageniculate thalamic nucleus central dorsal nucleus ABA:NC FMA:62169 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956 UBERON:0003034 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_956-FMA_62169 nucleus centralis dorsalis thalami nucleus centralis superior lateralis nucleus centralis superior lateralis thalami nucleus circularis uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956 nucleus centralis superior lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956 nucleus centralis dorsalis thalami NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956 nucleus circularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956 nucleus centralis superior lateralis thalami regional part of cerebellar white matter FMA:72547 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_959 UBERON:0003035 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_959-FMA_72547 segment of cerebellar white matter uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_959 segment of cerebellar white matter central lateral nucleus ABA:CL BM:Die-CL EV:0100205 FMA:62170 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_961 SCTID:279153005 UBERON:0003036 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_961-FMA_62170 central lateral nucleus of thalamus central lateral thalamic nucleus centrolateral thalamic nucleus nucleus centralis lateralis of thalamus nucleus centralis lateralis thalami uberon FMA:62170 centrolateral thalamic nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_961 nucleus centralis lateralis thalami FMA:62170 central lateral nucleus of thalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_961 nucleus centralis lateralis of thalamus FMA:62170 central lateral thalamic nucleus septum BM:Tel-Spt FMA:86461 OpenCyc:Mx4rrqot_on_EdaAAAACs0uFOQ UBERON:0003037 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_963-FMA_86461 a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. general anatomical term in FMA septa uberon septa Wikipedia:Septum a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. thoracic spinal cord FMA:71167 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_966 SCTID:278750009 The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003038 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_966-FMA_71167 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray820.png/200px-Gray820.png ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spinal_Cord segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] thoracic region of spinal cord thoracic segment of spinal cord thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] thoracic spinal cord uberon The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracic_spinal_cord FMA:71167 thoracic region of spinal cord FMA:71167 thoracic segment of spinal cord FMA:71167 FMA:TA segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] FMA:71167 thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] FMA:71167 thoracic spinal cord anterior commissure anterior part FMA:61963 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_969 UBERON:0003039 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_969-FMA_61963 anterior commissure pars anterior anterior commissure, anterior part anterior part of anterior commissure olfactory limb of anterior commissure olfactory part of anterior commissure pars anterior pars anterior commissurae anterioris the horseshoe-shaped tract that connects the two olfactory bulbs. uberon MP:0008230 pars anterior MP:0008230 anterior part of anterior commissure MP:0008230 pars anterior commissurae anterioris FMA:61963 olfactory limb of anterior commissure MP:0010859 anterior commissure pars anterior MP:0010859 the horseshoe-shaped tract that connects the two olfactory bulbs. FMA:61963 anterior part of anterior commissure FMA:61963 olfactory part of anterior commissure FMA:61963 anterior commissure, anterior part central gray substance of midbrain ABA:PAG BM:MB-PAG BTO:0002701 EFO:0002470 EV:0100249 FMA:74510 GAID:585 MA:0000209 MA:0002895 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.822.595 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_973 Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted]. SCTID:369233003 TAO:0000518 TODO - resolve MA - see tracker UBERON:0003040 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_973-FMA_74510 ZFA:0000518 anulus of cerebral aqueduct central (periaqueductal) gray griseum centrale http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png periaquectuctal grey periaqueductal gray periaqueductal gray matter periaqueductal gray of tegmentum periaqueductal grey matter periaqueductal grey substance s. grisea centralis substantia grisea centralis uberon MA:0002895 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3209233&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 periaquectuctal grey FMA:74510 central (periaqueductal) gray EV:0100249 periaqueductal grey matter NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_973 substantia grisea centralis FMA:74510 periaqueductal gray matter FMA:74510 anulus of cerebral aqueduct Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Periaqueductal_gray https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3209233&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 FMA:74510 periaqueductal grey substance NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_973 griseum centrale Wikipedia:Periaqueductal_gray s. grisea centralis FMA:74510 periaqueductal gray FMA:74510 periaqueductal gray of tegmentum trigeminal nerve fibers FMA:72501 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_974 UBERON:0003041 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_974-FMA_72501 central part of trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve fibers trigeminal nerve tract uberon FMA:72501 trigeminal nerve fibers FMA:72501 trigeminal nerve tract FMA:72501 central part of trigeminal nerve posterior part of anterior commissure FMA:61964 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_977 UBERON:0003043 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_977-FMA_61964 anterior commissure pars posterior anterior commissure temporal limb anterior commissure, posterior part pars posterior temporal limb of anterior commissure the major forebrain commissure that connects the two temporal lobes of the cortex. uberon FMA:61964 temporal limb of anterior commissure MP:0010860 the major forebrain commissure that connects the two temporal lobes of the cortex. MP:0008229 pars posterior MP:0008230 anterior commissure temporal limb FMA:61964 anterior commissure, posterior part MP:0010860 anterior commissure pars posterior uncinate fasciculus FMA:77636 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_983 SCTID:369083001 The uncinate fasciculus is a white matter tract in the human brain that connects parts of the limbic system such as the hippocampus and amygdala in the temporal lobe with frontal ones such as the orbitofrontal cortex. Its function is unknown though it is affected in several psychiatric conditions. It is the last white matter tract to mature in the human brain. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003044 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_983-FMA_77636 cerebral uncinate fasciculus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gray751.png/200px-Gray751.png uberon The uncinate fasciculus is a white matter tract in the human brain that connects parts of the limbic system such as the hippocampus and amygdala in the temporal lobe with frontal ones such as the orbitofrontal cortex. Its function is unknown though it is affected in several psychiatric conditions. It is the last white matter tract to mature in the human brain. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Uncinate_fasciculus FMA:77636 cerebral uncinate fasciculus dorsal longitudinal fasciculus DLF FMA:83845 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_986 SCTID:369082006 The dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) (not to be confused with the medial longitudinal fasciculus) is a white matter fiber tract located within the brain stem, specifically in the dorsal brainstem tegmentum. The DLF travels through the periaqueductal gray matter. The tract is comprised of a diffuse brainstem pathway located in the periventricular gray matter comprising ascending visceral sensory axons and descending hypothalamic axons. As with all white matter tracts, the DLF consists of myelinated axons carrying information between neurons. The DLF, carries both ascending and descending fibers, conveys visceral motor and sensory signals. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003045 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_986-FMA_83845 ZFA:0005266 bundle of Schutz fasciculus longitudinalis posterior fasciculus longitudinalis posterior; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis fasciculus of Schutz posterior longitudinal fasciculus uberon The dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) (not to be confused with the medial longitudinal fasciculus) is a white matter fiber tract located within the brain stem, specifically in the dorsal brainstem tegmentum. The DLF travels through the periaqueductal gray matter. The tract is comprised of a diffuse brainstem pathway located in the periventricular gray matter comprising ascending visceral sensory axons and descending hypothalamic axons. As with all white matter tracts, the DLF consists of myelinated axons carrying information between neurons. The DLF, carries both ascending and descending fibers, conveys visceral motor and sensory signals. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus FMA:83845 fasciculus of Schutz FMA:83845 bundle of Schutz FMA:83845 FMA:TA fasciculus longitudinalis posterior Wikipedia:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus fasciculus longitudinalis posterior; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis DLF ZFA:0005266 FMA:83845 posterior longitudinal fasciculus ventral acoustic stria FMA:72498 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_991 UBERON:0003046 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_991-FMA_72498 anterior acoustic stria stria cochlearis anterior uberon FMA:72498 anterior acoustic stria FMA:72498 FMA:TA stria cochlearis anterior regional part of pretectal region A regional part of brain that is part of a pretectal region [Obol]. FMA:74519 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_993 UBERON:0003047 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_993-FMA_74519 anatomical structure of brain of pretectal area anatomical structure of brain of pretectal nuclei anatomical structure of brain of pretectal region anatomical structure of brain of pretectum biological structure of brain of pretectal area biological structure of brain of pretectal nuclei biological structure of brain of pretectal region biological structure of brain of pretectum brain anatomical structure of pretectal area brain anatomical structure of pretectal nuclei brain anatomical structure of pretectal region brain anatomical structure of pretectum brain biological structure of pretectal area brain biological structure of pretectal nuclei brain biological structure of pretectal region brain biological structure of pretectum neuraxis segment of pretectal area neuraxis segment of pretectal nuclei neuraxis segment of pretectal region neuraxis segment of pretectum pretectal area anatomical structure of brain pretectal area biological structure of brain pretectal area brain anatomical structure pretectal area brain biological structure pretectal area neuraxis segment pretectal area regional part of brain pretectal area segment of brain pretectal nuclei anatomical structure of brain pretectal nuclei biological structure of brain pretectal nuclei brain anatomical structure pretectal nuclei brain biological structure pretectal nuclei neuraxis segment pretectal nuclei regional part of brain pretectal nuclei segment of brain pretectal region anatomical structure of brain pretectal region biological structure of brain pretectal region brain anatomical structure pretectal region brain biological structure pretectal region neuraxis segment pretectal region regional part of brain pretectal region segment pretectal region segment of brain pretectum anatomical structure of brain pretectum biological structure of brain pretectum brain anatomical structure pretectum brain biological structure pretectum neuraxis segment pretectum regional part of brain pretectum segment of brain regional part of brain of pretectal area regional part of brain of pretectal nuclei regional part of brain of pretectal region regional part of brain of pretectum segment of brain of pretectal area segment of brain of pretectal nuclei segment of brain of pretectal region segment of brain of pretectum segment of pretectal region uberon OBOL:automatic pretectal nuclei segment of brain OBOL:automatic pretectal region biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic pretectal nuclei biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic pretectal nuclei brain biological structure OBOL:automatic pretectal nuclei neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic pretectum brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of pretectal nuclei OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of pretectal area OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of pretectal area OBOL:automatic pretectal region anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of pretectum OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of pretectal nuclei OBOL:automatic segment of brain of pretectal region OBOL:automatic pretectal region segment of brain OBOL:automatic pretectal area neuraxis segment FMA:74519 pretectal region segment OBOL:automatic pretectal nuclei anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of pretectal region OBOL:automatic pretectal area brain biological structure OBOL:automatic pretectum regional part of brain OBOL:automatic pretectal region neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of pretectal area OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of pretectal region OBOL:automatic pretectal area segment of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of pretectal nuclei OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of pretectal area OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of pretectum OBOL:automatic pretectum brain biological structure OBOL:automatic segment of brain of pretectal area OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of pretectal area OBOL:automatic pretectal area biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of pretectum OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of pretectal region A regional part of brain that is part of a pretectal region [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pretectum neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic pretectal nuclei brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic pretectal nuclei regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of pretectum OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of pretectal nuclei OBOL:automatic pretectal region regional part of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of pretectal nuclei OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of pretectal nuclei OBOL:automatic pretectum biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of pretectal nuclei OBOL:automatic pretectal area regional part of brain OBOL:automatic pretectal region brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic pretectum segment of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of pretectum OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of pretectal region OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of pretectal area OBOL:automatic pretectal region brain biological structure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_993 segment of pretectal region OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of pretectal region OBOL:automatic pretectal area brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of pretectum OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of pretectum OBOL:automatic pretectal area anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of pretectal region OBOL:automatic pretectum anatomical structure of brain regional part of hypothalamus A regional part of brain that is part of a hypothalamus [Obol]. FMA:67706 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_995 SCTID:360454003 UBERON:0003048 UBERON:NIF_GrossAnatomy_birnlex_995-FMA_67706 anatomical structure of brain of hypothalamus anatomical structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area anatomical structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region biological structure of brain of hypothalamus biological structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area biological structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region brain anatomical structure of hypothalamus brain anatomical structure of preoptico-hypothalamic area brain anatomical structure of preoptico-hypothalamic region brain biological structure of hypothalamus brain biological structure of preoptico-hypothalamic area brain biological structure of preoptico-hypothalamic region hypothalamus anatomical structure of brain hypothalamus biological structure of brain hypothalamus brain anatomical structure hypothalamus brain biological structure hypothalamus neuraxis segment hypothalamus regional part of brain hypothalamus segment hypothalamus segment of brain neuraxis segment of hypothalamus neuraxis segment of preoptico-hypothalamic area neuraxis segment of preoptico-hypothalamic region preoptico-hypothalamic area anatomical structure of brain preoptico-hypothalamic area biological structure of brain preoptico-hypothalamic area brain anatomical structure preoptico-hypothalamic area brain biological structure preoptico-hypothalamic area neuraxis segment preoptico-hypothalamic area regional part of brain preoptico-hypothalamic area segment of brain preoptico-hypothalamic region anatomical structure of brain preoptico-hypothalamic region biological structure of brain preoptico-hypothalamic region brain anatomical structure preoptico-hypothalamic region brain biological structure preoptico-hypothalamic region neuraxis segment preoptico-hypothalamic region regional part of brain preoptico-hypothalamic region segment of brain regional part of brain of hypothalamus regional part of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area regional part of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region segment of brain of hypothalamus segment of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area segment of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region segment of hypothalamus uberon OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area brain biological structure A regional part of brain that is part of a hypothalamus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic hypothalamus neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region regional part of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic hypothalamus anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic segment of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic hypothalamus brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area regional part of brain OBOL:automatic regional part of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area segment of brain OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic hypothalamus brain biological structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic anatomical structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure of preoptico-hypothalamic area FMA:67706 hypothalamus segment OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region segment of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic segment of brain of hypothalamus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_995 segment of hypothalamus OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic segment of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region brain biological structure OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic region neuraxis segment OBOL:automatic brain biological structure of preoptico-hypothalamic region OBOL:automatic hypothalamus regional part of brain OBOL:automatic hypothalamus segment of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain of preoptico-hypothalamic area OBOL:automatic hypothalamus biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic preoptico-hypothalamic area brain anatomical structure collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle A rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some transitional epithelial cells which covers the outer body, the major openings into the body cavity from the exterior, and two large sensory bristles, the male spicules. The cuticle of the spicules, the hook, and of some portions of the spicule channels is especially rigid and is probably sclerotized. Similar sclerotic features are occasionally noted in the ventral surface of the male tail fan[WBbt]. The main structural components of the nematode cuticle are proteins, highly cross-linked collagens and specialised insoluble proteins known as cuticlins, together with glycoproteins and lipids[WP]. Note that GO has a superclass protein-based cuticle development // taxonomic restriction may be too strict UBERON:0003049 UBERON:WBbt_0005755 WBbt:0005755 nematode cuticle uberon A rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some transitional epithelial cells which covers the outer body, the major openings into the body cavity from the exterior, and two large sensory bristles, the male spicules. The cuticle of the spicules, the hook, and of some portions of the spicule channels is especially rigid and is probably sclerotized. Similar sclerotic features are occasionally noted in the ventral surface of the male tail fan[WBbt]. The main structural components of the nematode cuticle are proteins, highly cross-linked collagens and specialised insoluble proteins known as cuticlins, together with glycoproteins and lipids[WP]. UBERON:cjm WA:dh olfactory placode A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. AAO:0011076 EFO:0003420 EHDAA2:0001232 EHDAA:1504 EMAPA:16543 Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest. TAO:0000048 UBERON:0003050 UBERON:XAO_0000005-ZFA_0000048 VHOG:0000186 XAO:0000005 ZFA:0000048 nasal placode olfactory placodes uberon olfactory placodes A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. Wikipedia:Olfactory_placode XAO:0000005 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ZFA ear vesicle AAO:0011080 BTO:0002661 EHDAA2:0001342 EMAPA:16669 OV SCTID:308792006 TAO:0000051 The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops[BTO]. Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells[ZFA]. epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP] UBERON:0003051 UBERON:0004373 UBERON:XAO_0000006-ZFA_0000051 VHOG:0001148 XAO:0000006 ZFA:0000051 auditory vesicle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray40.png/200px-Gray40.png ncithesaurus:Otic_Vesicle otic vesicle otocyst uberon NBK53175 BTO:0002661 MP:0009806 The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops[BTO]. Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells[ZFA]. epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP] Wikipedia:Otic_vesicle ZFIN:curator BTO:0002661 auditory vesicle midbrain-hindbrain boundary AAO:0011064 EHDAA2:0004395 EHDAA:5789 MHB TAO:0000042 The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. UBERON:0003052 UBERON:XAO_0000016-ZFA_0000042 VHOG:0000649 XAO:0000016 ZFA:0000042 editor note: consider adding class for organizer. isthmus isthmus/MHB mid-hindbrain boundary mid-hindbrain junction midbrain hindbrain boundary uberon ZFA ZFA GO:0021555 The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. Geisha:syn isthmus/MHB ZFA ventricular zone AAO:0011112 BTO:0003654 EFO:0003624 MA:0000819 TAO:0001083 There are two primary regions that are thought to give rise to neurons that make up the cerebellum. The first region is the ventricular zone (the roof of the fourth ventricle). This area produces Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclear neurons. UBERON:0003053 UBERON:XAO_0000021-ZFA_0001083 VHOG:0001224 VZ XAO:0000021 ZFA:0001083 brain ventricular zone uberon ventricular zone of brain MA:0000819 brain ventricular zone BTO:0003654 There are two primary regions that are thought to give rise to neurons that make up the cerebellum. The first region is the ventricular zone (the roof of the fourth ventricle). This area produces Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclear neurons. roof plate a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells. AAO:0011097 TAO:0007058 TODO - Note that although this is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the roof plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. Consider 'roof plate of neural tube'. TODO - alar plate vs roof plate UBERON:0003054 UBERON:XAO_0000022-ZFA_0007058 ZFA:0007058 alar plate roofplate uberon Wikipedia:Roof_plate alar plate a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells. GO:0021509 PMID:15378040 periderm A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. EHDAA2:0001846 EHDAA:6538 EVL Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html) TAO:0001185 UBERON:0003055 UBERON:XAO_0000029-ZFA_0001185 VHOG:0001680 XAO:0000029 ZFA:0001185 epidermis epithelial layer epidermis outer layer ncithesaurus:Periderm periderm uberon A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. ISBN:9780878932504 EVL ZFA:0001185 pre-chordal neural plate AAO:0011084 TAO:0007016 The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003056 UBERON:XAO_0000045-ZFA_0007016 VHOG:0001200 XAO:0000045 ZFA:0007016 anterior neural plate uberon The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator chordal neural plate TAO:0007017 The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003057 UBERON:XAO_0000046-ZFA_0007017 VHOG:0001201 XAO:0000046 ZFA:0007017 posterior neural plate uberon The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator hypochord AAO:0000733 EFO:0003475 TAO:0000031 The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta[GO]. near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle[AAO] UBERON:0003058 UBERON:XAO_0000056-ZFA_0000031 Unlike in frogs and axolotl, the hypochord does not appear to be endodermally derived[ZFA] VHOG:0000081 XAO:0000056 ZFA:0000031 subnotochordal rod uberon XAO AAO:0000733 GO:0055016 ISBN:0815318960 PMID:10648245 The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta[GO]. near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle[AAO] GO:0055016 PMID:10648245 subnotochordal rod presomitic mesoderm AAO:0011086 EFO:0001982 PSM TAO:0000279 UBERON:0003059 UBERON:XAO_0000057-ZFA_0000279 Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 ZFA:0000279 presumptive somite mesoderm segmental plate somitogenic mesoderm uberon unsegmented paraxial mesoderm UBERON:cjm unsegmented paraxial mesoderm Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> ZFIN:curator definitional pronephric duct AAO:0011088 In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. SCTID:361406002 TAO:0000150 UBERON:0003060 UBERON:XAO_0000063-ZFA_0000150 VHOG:0000082 XAO:0000063 ZFA:0000150 archinephric duct ductus pronephricus ncithesaurus:Pronephric_Duct uberon Wikipedia:Pronephric_duct ductus pronephricus GO In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. Wikipedia:Pronephric_duct XAO Wikipedia VHOG:0000082 archinephric duct blood island AAO:0011006 Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP]. Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates[XAO]. Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension[ZFA]. EFO:0003489 EHDAA2:0003241 Note EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types - we opt for the mesoderm one TAO:0000094 TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 UBERON:0003061 UBERON:XAO_0000067-ZFA_0000094 VBI VHOG:0000085 XAO:0000067 ZFA:0000094 blood island of umbilical vesicle blood islands caudal hematopoietic tissue insula sanguinea vesiculae umbilicalis mesoderm blood islands ncithesaurus:Blood_Island posterior ICM posterior blood island uberon ventral blood island ventral lateral plate mesoderm Wikipedia:Blood_island blood island of umbilical vesicle blood islands EHDAA2:0003241 mesoderm blood islands Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP]. Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates[XAO]. Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension[ZFA]. PMID:9618755 Wikipedia:Blood_island_of_umbilical_vesicle XAO:0000067 ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Blood_island insula sanguinea vesiculae umbilicalis primitive knot AAO:0000346 BILA:0000053 BTO:0003395 DMZ EHDAA2:0001272 EHDAA:549 EMAPA:16075 GAID:1312 Hensen node Hensen's node MESH:A.16.254.650 SCTID:361464001 Spemann Mangold organizer Spemann's organizer TAO:0000071 TODO check XAO UBERON:0003062 UBERON:0004018 UBERON:XAO_0000072-ZFA_0000071 VHOG:0000598 XAO:0000072 ZFA:0000071 dorsal marginal zone embryo organizer embryonic organizer embryonic shield ncithesaurus:Primitive_Node node nodus primitivus organizer organizer for gastrulation in vertebrates. The primitive knot starts as a regional knot of cells that forms on the blastodisc immediately anterior to where the outer layer of cells will begin to migrate inwards - an area known as the primitive streak. Posterior to the node is the primitive pit, where the cells of the epiblast (the upper layer of embryonic cells) initially begin to invaginate. This invagination expands posteriorly into the primitive groove as the cells layers continue to move into the space between the embryonic cells and the yolk. This differentiates the embryo into the germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The primitive knot migrates posteriorly as gastrulation proceeds, eventually being absorbed into the tail bud.[WP]. the regional thickening of cells at the rostral tip of the vertebrate primitive streak through which gastrulating cells migrate anteriorally to form tissues in the future head and neck; this region organizes the formation of the three embryonic layers and establishes the longitudinal axis and the polarity of the embryo[MP]. primitive node shield uberon MP:0004066 Wikipedia:Primitive_knot Wikipedia:Regional_specification#Dorsal.2Fventral_axis_.26_organizer organizer for gastrulation in vertebrates. The primitive knot starts as a regional knot of cells that forms on the blastodisc immediately anterior to where the outer layer of cells will begin to migrate inwards - an area known as the primitive streak. Posterior to the node is the primitive pit, where the cells of the epiblast (the upper layer of embryonic cells) initially begin to invaginate. This invagination expands posteriorly into the primitive groove as the cells layers continue to move into the space between the embryonic cells and the yolk. This differentiates the embryo into the germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The primitive knot migrates posteriorly as gastrulation proceeds, eventually being absorbed into the tail bud.[WP]. the regional thickening of cells at the rostral tip of the vertebrate primitive streak through which gastrulating cells migrate anteriorally to form tissues in the future head and neck; this region organizes the formation of the three embryonic layers and establishes the longitudinal axis and the polarity of the embryo[MP]. DMZ VHOG:0000598 ZFA:0000071 organizer Wikipedia:Primitive_knot nodus primitivus EHDAA2 EHDAA GAID:1312 Hensen node Wikipedia:Primitive_knot GAID:1312 Hensen's node Wikipedia:Primitive_knot GAID:1312 embryo organizer XAO:0000072 dorsal marginal zone GAID:1312 embryonic organizer Wikipedia:Primitive_knot primitive node ZFA:0000071 shield EMAPA:16075 node ZFA definitional Spemann Mangold organizer ZFA:0000071 embryonic shield http://zfin.org/zf_info/zfbook/stages/gast.html Spemann's organizer ZFA:0000071 prechordal plate AAO:0011085 EHDAA2:0001493 EHDAA:181 TAO:0000060 UBERON:0003063 UBERON:0004881 UBERON:XAO_0000079-ZFA_0000060 VHOG:0000086 XAO:0000079 ZFA:0000060 a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells[GO]. Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region[ZFA]. Uniquely thickened portion of the endoderm that is in contact with ectoderm immediately rostral to the cephalic tip of the notochord[WP]. head mesenchyme head mesoderm todo - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA? uberon Wikipedia:Prechordal_plate ZFIN:curator a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells[GO]. Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region[ZFA]. Uniquely thickened portion of the endoderm that is in contact with ectoderm immediately rostral to the cephalic tip of the notochord[WP]. XAO:0000079 head mesoderm XAO:0000079 head mesenchyme ZFA intermediate mesoderm AAO:0010575 EMAPA:16178 IM SCTID:361476001 TAO:0001206 The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. UBERON:0003064 UBERON:XAO_0000085-ZFA_0001206 VHOG:0000087 XAO:0000085 ZFA:0001206 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png intermediate mesenchyme intermediate plate mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium ncithesaurus:Intermediate_Mesoderm note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). uberon UBERON:cjm intermediate plate mesoderm EMAPA UBERONREF:0000002 intermediate mesenchyme XAO Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium GOC:curators The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm AAO ciliary marginal zone AAO:0010342 CMZ EFO:0003668 Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050427-5'>Wehman et al, 2005.</a> TAO:0001289 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003065 UBERON:XAO_0000086-ZFA_0001289 VHOG:0000088 XAO:0000086 ZFA:0001289 circumferential germinal zone peripheral growth zone uberon ZFA:0001289 peripheral growth zone Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050427-5'>Wehman et al, 2005.</a> ZFIN:curator hyoid arch 2nd arch 2nd pharyngeal arch AAO:0010363 EHDAA2:0000050 EHDAA:611 EMAPA:16272 In XAO, develops from visceral pouch 2 SCTID:308768003 TAO:0001596 UBERON:0003066 UBERON:XAO_0000098-ZFA_0001276 VHOG:0000297 XAO:0000098 ZFA:0001611 assists in forming the side and front of the neck. branchial arch 2 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray41.png/200px-Gray41.png hyoid bars ncithesaurus:Second_Pharyngeal_Arch pharyngeal arch 2 second branchial arch second pharyngeal arch second visceral arch uberon visceral arch 2 second branchial arch branchial arch 2 Wikipedia:Second_branchial_arch assists in forming the side and front of the neck. visceral arch 2 second visceral arch 2nd arch EHDAA2:0000050 dorsolateral placode Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. TAO:0001310 UBERON:0003067 UBERON:XAO_0000187-ZFA_0001310 VHOG:0000103 XAO:0000187 ZFA:0001310 dorsolateral placodes uberon Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. ZFIN:curator NBK53175 ZFA:0001310 dorsolateral placodes axial mesoderm AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003068 UBERON:XAO_0000205-ZFA_0001204 VHOG:0000107 XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 chordamesoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png uberon Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm chordamesoderm GO:0048318 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm otic placode A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII AAO:0011079 EFO:0003429 EHDAA2:0001339 EHDAA:506 EMAPA:16195 TAO:0000138 UBERON:0003069 UBERON:XAO_0000223-ZFA_0000138 VHOG:0000235 With the exception of the pigment cells of the stria vascularis and the secretory epithelium of the cochlea, which are of neural crest origin, all compo- nents of the inner ear derive from the otic placode. In most species the thickening of the ectoderm into a placode occurs in a region adjacent to rhombomere 5 (reviewed in Ohyama et al., 2007), while in amphibians the otic placode is centered onto rhombomere 4 (Ruiz i Altaba and Jessell, 1991).[NBK53175] XAO:0000223 ZFA:0000138 auditory placode ear placode ear/otic placode ncithesaurus:Otic_Placodes uberon A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII NBK:NBK53175 trigeminal placode EFO:0003433 EHDAA2:0004209 TAO:0000162 The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003070 UBERON:XAO_0000225-ZFA_0000162 VHOG:0000109 XAO:0000225 ZFA:0000162 uberon The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion. VHOG:0000109 eye primordium AAO:0011038 AO notes: TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium EFO:0003541 EHDAA2:0004431 Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. TAO:0000570 UBERON:0003071 UBERON:0005060 UBERON:XAO_0000227-ZFA_0000570 XAO:0000227 XAO:0004090 ZFA:0000570 eye anlage eye field eye placode occular primordium ocular primordium optic field optic placode optic placode of camera-type eye optic primordium uberon GO:0046619 UBERON:cjm optic placode of camera-type eye GO:0046619 optic placode OBOL:automatic eye placode XAO:0000227 eye anlage GO:0046619 Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. ZFA:0000570 PMID:16496288 XAO optic cup EHDAA2:0001303 EHDAA:2912 EMAPA:16674 Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. SCTID:308789007 TAO:0001202 UBERON:0003072 UBERON:XAO_0000228-ZFA_0001202 VHOG:0000167 ZFA:0001202 eye cup ncithesaurus:Optic_Cup uberon ZFA ZFA MP:0004269 Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. Optic_cup_(embryology) ZFA:0001202 lens placode A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. AAO:0011055 Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006)[NBK53175] EFO:0003494 EHDAA2:0000982 EHDAA:2908 EMAPA:16672 TAO:0000122 UBERON:0003073 UBERON:XAO_0000240-ZFA_0000122 VHOG:0000166 XAO:0000240 ZFA:0000122 ncithesaurus:Lens_Placodes placoda lentis uberon Wikipedia:Lens_placode placoda lentis NBK53175 non-neurogenic A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. Wikipedia:Lens_placode ZFIN:curator ZFA mesonephric duct AAO:0000637 EHDAA2:0001243 EHDAA:1590 EMAPA:16577 GAID:1315 Leydig's duct MESH:A.16.254.940 Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. SCTID:308800003 TAO:0000546 TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. Development notes: In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts. UBERON:0003074 UBERON:XAO_0000242-ZFA_0000546 VHOG:0000082 Wolffian duct XAO:0000242 ZFA:0000546 archinephric duct ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray1109.png/200px-Gray1109.png ncithesaurus:Mesonephric_Duct renal duct uberon GOC:yaf Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct Wolffian duct ZFA:0000546 Leydig's duct Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct GO Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Mesonephric_duct ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Mesonephric_duct ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi VHOG:0000082 Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct archinephric duct neural plate A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA] AAO:0011072 BTO:0001765 EHDAA:346 EHDAA:902 EMAPA:16095 EMAPA:16527 EMAPA:16756 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 TAO:0000132 UBERON:0003075 UBERON:XAO_0000249-ZFA_0000132 VHOG:0000068 XAO:0000249 ZFA:0000132 lamina neuralis ncithesaurus:Neural_Plate presumptive central nervous system uberon ZFA XAO A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA] ISBN:0815318960 OMD:neural+plate Wikipedia:Neural_plate ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Neural_plate lamina neuralis posterior neural tube AAO:0011082 TAO:0007037 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003076 UBERON:XAO_0000250-ZFA_0007037 VHOG:0001383 XAO:0000250 ZFA:0007037 uberon paraxial mesoderm AAO:0010568 AO notes: note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) EFO:0003515 EMAPA:16183 EMAPA:16751 SCTID:361475002 TAO:0000255 The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO] UBERON:0003077 UBERON:XAO_0000259-ZFA_0000255 VHOG:0000114 XAO:0000259 ZFA:0000255 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png mesoderma paraxiale ncithesaurus:Paraxial_Mesoderm paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm uberon ZFA UBERONREF:0000002 ZFA:0000255 paraxial mesenchyme ISBN:9780878932504 somitic mesoderm Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm mesoderma paraxiale XAO EHDAA2 GO:0048339 The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO] Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm epibranchial placode AAO:0011036 EFO:0003455 Epibranchial placodes-derived neu- rons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively[NBK53175] Neurogenic placodes that generate neurons of the distal facial, glossopharyngeal and vagal ganglia, which convey sensation from the viscera, including pharyngeal endoderm structures, to the CNS. The epibranchial placodes are positioned ventrally to the ear/otic placode and dorsally to the posterior pharyngeal pouches/clefts TAO:0001294 UBERON:0003078 UBERON:XAO_0000284-ZFA_0001294 VHOG:0000117 XAO:0000284 ZFA:0001294 epibranchial placodes uberon Neurogenic placodes that generate neurons of the distal facial, glossopharyngeal and vagal ganglia, which convey sensation from the viscera, including pharyngeal endoderm structures, to the CNS. The epibranchial placodes are positioned ventrally to the ear/otic placode and dorsally to the posterior pharyngeal pouches/clefts ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-050804-2 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-070122-31 ZFA:0001294 epibranchial placodes NBK53175 floor plate A ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage[GO]. A structure integral to the developing nervous system of vertebrate organisms. Located on the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube, the floor plate is a specialized glial structure that spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions. It has been shown that the floor plate is conserved among vertebrates with homologous structures in invertebrates such as the fruit fly Drosophila and the nematode C. elegans. Functionally, the structure serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube[WP]. AAO:0011041 BTO:0001720 EFO:0003473 Note that although this is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the floor plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. Consider 'floor plate of neural tube'. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000545 TAO:0000022 UBERON:0003079 UBERON:XAO_0000306-ZFA_0000022 ZFA:0000022 bodenplatte flexural organ floorplate http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gray642.png/200px-Gray642.png uberon ventral plate Wikipedia BTO:0001720 ventral plate ZFA BTO:0001720 bodenplatte A ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage[GO]. A structure integral to the developing nervous system of vertebrate organisms. Located on the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube, the floor plate is a specialized glial structure that spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions. It has been shown that the floor plate is conserved among vertebrates with homologous structures in invertebrates such as the fruit fly Drosophila and the nematode C. elegans. Functionally, the structure serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube[WP]. GO:0021508 PMID:15738958 Wikipedia:Floor_plate anterior neural tube AAO:0011012 TAO:0007038 UBERON:0003080 UBERON:XAO_0000307-ZFA_0007038 VHOG:0001384 XAO:0000307 ZFA:0007038 editor note: TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages uberon lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0010574 Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. SCTID:361477005 TAO:0000121 UBERON:0003081 UBERON:XAO_0000311-ZFA_0000121 VHOG:0000118 XAO:0000311 ZFA:0000121 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png lateral mesoderm lateral plate mesoderma laminae lateralis ncithesaurus:Lateral_Mesoderm uberon GO:0048368 lateral mesoderm Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm mesoderma laminae lateralis MP:0010117 Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm myotome A group of tissues formed from somites that develop into the body wall muscle[WP]. Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle. mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the musculature[MP]. Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses[ZFA] AAO:0011067 BTO:0000742 EHDAA2:0003431 EHDAA:1721 EHDAA:1727 EHDAA:1733 EHDAA:1739 Editors note: The term "myotome" is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class. SCTID:344535001 TAO:0001056 UBERON:0003082 UBERON:XAO_0000315-ZFA_0001056 VHOG:0001244 XAO:0000315 ZFA:0001056 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray65.png/200px-Gray65.png muscle plate myomere myotome region myotomes myotomus ncithesaurus:Myotome_Region uberon EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Myotome myotomus EHDAA2 A group of tissues formed from somites that develop into the body wall muscle[WP]. Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle. mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the musculature[MP]. Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses[ZFA] MP:0003939 PMID:17313522 Wikipedia:Myotome ZFIN:curator trunk neural crest AAO:0010582 EFO:0003605 EHDAA2:0001901 TAO:0001024 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. UBERON:0003083 UBERON:XAO_0000319-ZFA_0001024 VHOG:0000062 XAO:0000319 ZFA:0001024 trunk crest uberon ISBN:0815318960 Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Trunk_neural_crest heart primordium AAO:0011044 BTO:0001887 Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. TAO:0000028 UBERON:0003084 UBERON:XAO_0000336-ZFA_0000028 XAO:0000336 ZFA:0000028 editor note: should probably be fused with heart rudiment. fused heart primordium ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Heart uberon ZFA XAO ZFA Obol Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. ZFIN:curator ventral aorta AAO:0010412 BTO:0004674 TAO:0000604 Taxon notes (via vHOG): "When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.620. // in Reptiles, splits to form bases of 3 arteries: left aortic arch, right aortic arch and pulmonary trunk. In birds, the right systemic arch becomes predominant, the left never fully develops [Kardong] The artery in vertebrate embryos that carries blood from the ventricle of the heart to the aortic arches. In adult fish it branches into afferent branchial arteries supplying the gills. In adult tetrapods it is represented by the ascending part of the aorta[BTO]. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]. UBERON:0003085 UBERON:XAO_0000338-ZFA_0000604 VHOG:0000121 XAO:0000338 ZFA:0000604 uberon BTO:0004674 GO:0035908 The artery in vertebrate embryos that carries blood from the ventricle of the heart to the aortic arches. In adult fish it branches into afferent branchial arteries supplying the gills. In adult tetrapods it is represented by the ascending part of the aorta[BTO]. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]. caudal artery AAO:0011023 CA EFO:0003472 Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> TAO:0000011 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003086 UBERON:XAO_0000364-ZFA_0000011 VHOG:0000123 XAO:0000364 ZFA:0000011 uberon Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> Wikipedia:Caudal_artery ZFIN:curator anterior cardinal vein AAO:0011011 ACV BTO:0004387 EHDAA:1312 EMAPA:16355 SCTID:308780006 TAO:0000423 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003087 UBERON:XAO_0000383-ZFA_0000423 VHOG:0000113 XAO:0000383 ZFA:0000423 ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cardinal_Vein rostral cardinal vein rostral cardinal veins the two paired veins draining the cephalic part of the body. uberon ZFA:0000423 rostral cardinal vein MP:0004784 the two paired veins draining the cephalic part of the body. caudal vein AAO:0011025 CV EFO:0003616 TAO:0000180 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003088 UBERON:XAO_0000390-ZFA_0000180 VHOG:0000126 Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterial cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> XAO:0000390 ZFA:0000180 ncithesaurus:Caudal_Vein uberon Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterial cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a> ZFIN:curator sclerotome AAO:0010571 AO notes: part_of somite in XAO EHDAA2:0003439 TAO:0001080 UBERON:0003089 UBERON:XAO_0000397-ZFA_0001080 VHOG:0000680 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. XAO:0000397 ZFA:0001080 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray65.png/200px-Gray65.png ncithesaurus:Sclerotome sclerotomus uberon Wikipedia:Sclerotome sclerotomus EHDAA2 EHDAA2 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. Wikipedia:Sclerotome XB:curator ZFA supraorbital lateral line AAO:0011103 One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) TAO:0000443 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003090 UBERON:XAO_0000442-ZFA_0000443 VHOG:0000128 XAO:0000442 ZFA:0000443 supraorbital line uberon ZFA:0000443 supraorbital line One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFIN:curator thyroid primordium AAO:0011106 BTO:0004709 EHDAA2:0002033 EHDAA:952 EMAPA:16361 EMAPA:16558 In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch[PMID:16313389]. Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm TAO:0001081 The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. UBERON:0003091 UBERON:XAO_0000444-ZFA_0001081 XAO:0000444 ZFA:0001081 ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Primordium uberon ZFA The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview ISBN10:0073040584 PMID:16313389 ZFA ultimobranchial body AAO:0010547 Developmental origins vary across species. PMID:16313389 says: the most posterior pouch generates the ultimobranchial bodies in most vertebrate classes, but mammals do not contain this structure // The neural crest is the source of ultimobranchial cells[Kardong]. WP says pouch 4, but this isn't supported by Kardong (table 13.1 or fig 15.5). EHDAA2 says 6th arch mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002103 EHDAA:2987 EHDAA:9139 GAID:1246 MESH:A.13.939 Pharyngeal pouch derivative, usually paired cell masses located in the neck region[Kardong]. The ultimobranchial body or gland is a small organ found in the neck region of many animals. In humans, the ultimobranchial body is an embryological structure that gives rise to the calcitonin-producing cells&mdash;also called parafollicular cells or clear cells&mdash;of the thyroid gland. In humans, this body is a derivative of the ventral recess of the fourth pharyngeal pouch (or fifth) [WP,unvetted]. The ultimobranchial bodies of lower vertebrates contain large amounts of calcitonin. In mammals the bodies fuse with the thyroid gland and are thought to develop into the parafollicular cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) TAO:0001448 UBERON:0003092 UBERON:XAO_0000452-ZFA_0001448 VHOG:0001185 XAO:0000452 ZFA:0001448 corpus ultimopharyngeum postbranchial body uberon ultimobranchial ultimobranchial bodies ultimobranchial gland ultimopharyngeal body ultimopharyngeal gland Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body ultimobranchial gland XAO Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body ultimopharyngeal body Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body corpus ultimopharyngeum ISBN10:0073040584 MESH:A.13.939 Pharyngeal pouch derivative, usually paired cell masses located in the neck region[Kardong]. The ultimobranchial body or gland is a small organ found in the neck region of many animals. In humans, the ultimobranchial body is an embryological structure that gives rise to the calcitonin-producing cells&mdash;also called parafollicular cells or clear cells&mdash;of the thyroid gland. In humans, this body is a derivative of the ventral recess of the fourth pharyngeal pouch (or fifth) [WP,unvetted]. The ultimobranchial bodies of lower vertebrates contain large amounts of calcitonin. In mammals the bodies fuse with the thyroid gland and are thought to develop into the parafollicular cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) Wikipedia:Ultimopharyngeal_body Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body postbranchial body ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body ultimopharyngeal gland Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body ultimobranchial Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body ultimobranchial bodies ISBN10:0073040584 occipital lateral line AAO:0011075 One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) TAO:0000400 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003093 UBERON:XAO_0000458-ZFA_0000400 VHOG:0000131 XAO:0000458 ZFA:0000400 supratemporal lateral line uberon One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFIN:curator infraorbital lateral line AAO:0011053 One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) TAO:0000524 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003094 UBERON:XAO_0000459-ZFA_0000524 VHOG:0000132 XAO:0000459 ZFA:0000524 infraorbital line uberon ZFA:0000524 infraorbital line One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFIN:curator dorsal lateral line AAO:0011030 One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) TAO:0005112 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003095 UBERON:XAO_0000462-ZFA_0005112 XAO:0000462 ZFA:0005112 uberon One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFIN:curator middle lateral line One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) TAO:0000344 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003096 UBERON:XAO_0000463-ZFA_0000344 VHOG:0000133 XAO:0000463 ZFA:0000344 uberon One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFIN:curator dorsal fin AAO:0010378 BTO:0004650 Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001173 UBERON:0003097 UBERON:XAO_0000469-ZFA_0001173 VSAO:0000165 XAO:0000469 ZFA:0001173 uberon Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism. VSAO:0000165 Wikipedia:Dorsal_fin optic stalk AAO:0011077 EHDAA2:0001318 EHDAA:3816 EMAPA:16678 SCTID:308788004 TAO:0000137 The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003098 UBERON:XAO_0000475-ZFA_0000137 VHOG:0000223 XAO:0000475 ZFA:0000137 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray864.png/200px-Gray864.png ncithesaurus:Optic_Stalk pedunculus opticus uberon Wikipedia:Optic_stalk pedunculus opticus The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Optic_stalk cranial neural crest AAO:0010580 EFO:0003645 EHDAA2:0004420 EMAPA:16091 TAO:0001194 The cranial neural crest arises in the anterior and populates the face and the pharyngeal arches giving rise to bones, cartilage, nerves and connective tissue [Wikipedia]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003099 UBERON:XAO_0001001-ZFA_0001194 VHOG:0000063 XAO:0001001 ZFA:0001194 cephalic neural crest crista neuralis cranialis head crest head neural crest uberon Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest crista neuralis cranialis The cranial neural crest arises in the anterior and populates the face and the pharyngeal arches giving rise to bones, cartilage, nerves and connective tissue [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest ZFA:0001194 ZFIN:curator EMAPA:16091 cephalic neural crest female organism AAO:0010030 BILA:0000028 CARO:0000028 FBbt:00007011 FMA:67812 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. HAO:0000028 TAO:0000303 TGMA:0001839 UBERON:0003100 UBERON:XAO_0003005-ZFA_0000303 XAO:0003005 ZFA:0000303 female female human body uberon FMA:67812 female human body CARO:0000028 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. TAO:0000303 female male organism AAO:0010033 BILA:0000027 CARO:0000027 FBbt:00007004 FMA:67811 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. HAO:0000027 TAO:0000242 TGMA:0001838 UBERON:0003101 UBERON:XAO_0003006-ZFA_0000242 WBbt:0007850 XAO:0003006 ZFA:0000242 male male human body uberon TAO:0000242 male CARO:0000027 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. FMA:67811 male human body surface structure AAO:0010337 AEO:0000010 EHDAA2:0003010 Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface[ZFA]. TAO:0000292 UBERON:0003102 UBERON:XAO_0003028-ZFA_0000292 VSAO:0000001 XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 anatomical surface feature uberon EHDAA2:0003010 anatomical surface feature Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface[ZFA]. VSAO:0000001 Wikipedia:Surface_structure ZFA:0000292 https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/24 compound organ AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 UBERON:0003103 UBERON:XAO_0003041-ZFA_0000496 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 organ uberon Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. CARO:0000024 mesenchyme AAO:0010427 AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 Editors notes: the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]. TAO:0000393 UBERON:0003104 UBERON:XAO_0003046-ZFA_0000393 VHOG:0000170 XAO:0003046 ZFA:0000393 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mesenchymal_Stem_Cell.jpg/200px-Mesenchymal_Stem_Cell.jpg mesenchyma mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue ncithesaurus:Mesenchyme portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue uberon Wikipedia:Mesenchyme mesenchyma BTO:0001393 Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]. Wikipedia:Mesenchyme ZFIN:curator dorsal lateral plate region AAO:0011008 AGM AGM region DA roof DA-PCV joint DLP DP joint EFO:0003699 Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. // Region where blood progenitor markers are expressed. Probable site of definitive hematopoiesis between 36hpf and 4dpf. TAO:0005028 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003105 UBERON:XAO_0003051-ZFA_0005028 XAO:0003051 ZFA:0005028 aorta gonad mesonephros region aorta-gonads-mesonephros region dorsal aorta - posterior cardinal vein joint uberon ventral wall of dorsal aorta DA roof ZFA:0005028 ZFA:0005028 dorsal aorta - posterior cardinal vein joint PMID:9618755 Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. // Region where blood progenitor markers are expressed. Probable site of definitive hematopoiesis between 36hpf and 4dpf. ZFIN:curator DP joint ZFA:0005028 DA-PCV joint ZFA:0005028 urostyle AAO:0000732 In teleosts: Anatomical cluster that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with one or more adjacent ural centra[AAO]; Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord[AAO]. In zebrafish, it is composed of preural vertebra 1 and ural centra 1 and 2. The number of ural centra that become fused with preural centrum 1 varies among teleost subgroups. Because of varying developmental origins the urostyle may not be homologous across species.[TAO]. Grouping with AAO dubious TAO:0000158 UBERON:0003106 UBERON:XAO_0003080-ZFA_0000158 XAO:0003080 ZFA:0000158 compound centrum last vertebra uberon ultimate vertebra AAO:0000732 In teleosts: Anatomical cluster that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with one or more adjacent ural centra[AAO]; Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord[AAO]. TAO:0000158 Meckel's cartilage AAO:0000289 EHDAA2:0001072 EHDAA:7997 EMAPA:17635 EMAPA:17907 MA:0001580 Meckel's cartilage is the bilaterally paired, rod-like, cartilaginous ventral component of the lower jar, or ventral mandibular arch. It is typically resorbed in adults. Meckels cartilage SCTID:308773009 TAO:0001205 UBERON:0003107 UBERON:XAO_0003085-ZFA_0001205 VHOG:0000249 XAO:0003085 ZFA:0001205 uberon ventral mandibular cartilage Meckel's cartilage is the bilaterally paired, rod-like, cartilaginous ventral component of the lower jar, or ventral mandibular arch. It is typically resorbed in adults. PMID:3693112 Wikipedia:Meckel's_cartilage ZFA ZFA:0001205 ventral mandibular cartilage suspensorium AAO:0000596 Apparatus located toward the posterolateral end of the skull, at the level of the anterior margin of the otic capsule that suspends and braces the jaw against the skull. TAO:0000444 UBERON:0003108 UBERON:XAO_0003086-ZFA_0000444 XAO:0003086 ZFA:0000444 hyopalatine mandibular suspensorium suspensoria uberon TAO:0000444 hyopalatine TAO AAO:0000596 Apparatus located toward the posterolateral end of the skull, at the level of the anterior margin of the otic capsule that suspends and braces the jaw against the skull. TAO:0000444 suspensoria parapophysis AAO:0000698 AAO:0000708 Endochondral bone that forms from a lateral outgrowth of the basiventral arcualia and connects the rib with the vertebral centrum[TAO]. A lateral or ventrolateral projections of vertebrae to which ribs are attached in Danio rerio. ZFA: They can arise through replacement ossification of a basiventral or form directly in bone. They are separated from the centrum in basal teleosts, e.g., Leptolepis coryphaenoides, Megalops and Elops. TAO:0001362 TODO - check UBERON:0003109 UBERON:XAO_0003102-ZFA_0001362 XAO:0003102 ZFA:0001362 lateral process of basiventral uberon Endochondral bone that forms from a lateral outgrowth of the basiventral arcualia and connects the rib with the vertebral centrum[TAO]. A lateral or ventrolateral projections of vertebrae to which ribs are attached in Danio rerio. ZFA: They can arise through replacement ossification of a basiventral or form directly in bone. They are separated from the centrum in basal teleosts, e.g., Leptolepis coryphaenoides, Megalops and Elops. ZFIN:curator otic region AAO:0010208 TAO:0000189 UBERON:0003110 UBERON:ZFA_0000189-XAO_0003175 XAO:0003175 ZFA:0000189 cranial vault uberon ZFA:0000189 cranial vault sphenoid region AAO:0010207 TAO:0000290 UBERON:0003111 UBERON:ZFA_0000290-XAO_0003174 XAO:0003174 ZFA:0000290 uberon olfactory region AAO:0010206 Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. EFO:0003525 TAO:0000351 UBERON:0003112 UBERON:ZFA_0000351-XAO_0003172 XAO:0003172 ZFA:0000351 ethmoid region ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Region uberon ZFA:0000351 ethmoid region Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. TAO:0000351 dermatocranium AAO:0010154 Bony parts of the skull derived from ossifications in the dermis of the skin[FD]. TAO:0000863 UBERON:0003113 UBERON:ZFA_0000863-XAO_0003169 XAO:0003169 ZFA:0000863 dermal bone cranium roof of skull roofing bones of the skull skull roof uberon ZFA Wikipedia:Skull_roof roof of skull Bony parts of the skull derived from ossifications in the dermis of the skin[FD]. Wikipedia:Skull_roof http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/dermatocranium ZFA:0000863 dermal bone cranium Wikipedia:Skull_roof skull roof Wikipedia:Skull_roof roofing bones of the skull pharyngeal arch 3 3rd arch 3rd pharyngeal arch AAO:0010365 EHDAA2:0000069 EHDAA:1080 EMAPA:16399 SCTID:308769006 TAO:0001598 The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus. UBERON:0003114 VHOG:0000298 XAO:0000447 ZFA:0001606 branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first gill arch gill arch 1 in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3 third branchial arch third pharyngeal arch third visceral arch uberon visceral arch 3 3rd arch EHDAA2:0000069 AAO:0010365 ZFA:0001606 branchial arch 1 ZFA:0001606 first gill arch third branchial arch MP:0006339 The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus. ZFA:0001606 gill arch 1 ZFA:0001606 first branchial arch pharyngeal arch 4 4th arch 4th branchial arch 4th pharyngeal arch 4th visceral arch AAO:0010366 EHDAA2:0000086 EHDAA:1663 EMAPA:16760 SCTID:308770007 TAO:0001599 UBERON:0003115 VHOG:0000299 XAO:0000449 ZFA:0001607 branchial arch 2 contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus fourth branchial arch fourth pharyngeal arch gill arch 2 in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4 second branchial arch second gill arch uberon visceral arch 4 ZFA:0001607 gill arch 2 AAO:0010366 ZFA:0001607 branchial arch 2 ZFA:0001607 second branchial arch MP:0006340 contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus 4th branchial arch 4th arch EHDAA2:0000086 ZFA:0001607 second gill arch fourth branchial arch pharyngeal arch 5 5th branchial arch A fifth arch never establishes itself in amniotes // in XAO, called branchial arch 3 and df VP5 AAO:0010367 SCTID:308771006 TAO:0001600 UBERON:0003116 VHOG:0001204 XAO:0000451 ZFA:0001608 branchial arch 3 fifth branchial arch fifth visceral arch gill arch 3 third branchial arch uberon visceral arch 5 SCTID:308771006 fifth branchial arch ZFA:0001608 branchial arch 3 5th branchial arch UBERON:cjm XAO:0000451 third branchial arch XAO:0000451 fifth visceral arch ZFA:0001608 gill arch 3 AAO:0010367 XAO:0000451 branchial arch 3 ZFA:0001608 visceral arch 5 pharyngeal arch 6 6th arch 6th branchial arch AAO:0010368 EHDAA2:0004075 SCTID:308772004 TAO:0001601 The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles UBERON:0003117 UBERON:0004349 UBERON:ZFA_0001609-XAO_0000453 VHOG:0001205 XAO:0000453 ZFA:0001609 branchial arch 4 branchial arch 6 fourth branchial arch gill arch 4 sixth branchial arch sixth visceral arch uberon visceral arch 6 ZFA:0001609 visceral arch 6 XAO:0000453 sixth visceral arch MP:0006347 The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles 6th arch EHDAA2:0004075 fourth branchial arch ZFA:0001609 gill arch 4 AAO:0010368 ZFA:0001609 branchial arch 4 aortic arch 1 1st arch artery AA1 AAO:0010415 EHDAA2:0000007 EMAPA:16202 EMAPA:16685 SCTID:308774003 TAO:0005005 UBERON:0003118 UBERON:0004371 UBERON:ZFA_0005005-XAO_0000342 VHOG:0000149 XAO:0000342 ZFA: The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas. // Disappears early in development in tetrapods ZFA:0005005 first aortic arch first branchial arch artery mandibular aortic arch the vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis uberon MP:0006356 the vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis ZFA:0005005 mandibular aortic arch 1st arch artery EMAPA:16685 XAO:0000342 first aortic arch AA1 ZFA:0005005 aortic arch 2 2nd arch artery AA2 AAO:0010418 EHDAA2:0000051 EMAPA:16203 EMAPA:16686 SCTID:308775002 TAO:0005006 The first and second arches disappear early, but the dorsal end of the second gives origin to the stapedial artery, a vessel which atrophies in humans but persists in some mammals. It passes through the ring of the stapes and divides into supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibular branches which follow the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The infraorbital and mandibular arise from a common stem, the terminal part of which anastomoses with the external carotid. On the obliteration of the stapedial artery this anastomosis enlarges and forms the internal maxillary artery, and the branches of the stapedial artery are now branches of this vessel. The common stem of the infraorbital and mandibular branches passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and becomes the middle meningeal artery; the original supraorbital branch of the stapedial is represented by the orbital twigs of the middle meningeal[WP]. UBERON:0003119 UBERON:0004372 UBERON:ZFA_0005006-XAO_0000343 VHOG:0000148 XAO:0000343 ZFA:0005006 hyoid aortic arch second aortic arch second branchial arch artery uberon The first and second arches disappear early, but the dorsal end of the second gives origin to the stapedial artery, a vessel which atrophies in humans but persists in some mammals. It passes through the ring of the stapes and divides into supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibular branches which follow the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The infraorbital and mandibular arise from a common stem, the terminal part of which anastomoses with the external carotid. On the obliteration of the stapedial artery this anastomosis enlarges and forms the internal maxillary artery, and the branches of the stapedial artery are now branches of this vessel. The common stem of the infraorbital and mandibular branches passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and becomes the middle meningeal artery; the original supraorbital branch of the stapedial is represented by the orbital twigs of the middle meningeal[WP]. Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arches_1_and_2 ZFA:0005006 hyoid aortic arch XAO:0000343 second aortic arch AA2 ZFA:0005006 2nd arch artery EHDAA2:0000051 aortic arch 3 3rd arch artery AA3 AAO:0010419 EHDAA2:0000070 EMAPA:16687 SCTID:308776001 TAO:0005007 The third aortic arch constitutes the commencement of the internal carotid artery, and is therefore named the carotid arch[WP]. UBERON:0003120 UBERON:0004352 UBERON:ZFA_0005007-XAO_0000344 VHOG:0000147 XAO:0000344 ZFA:0005007 carotid arch third aortic arch third branchial arch artery uberon AA3 ZFA:0005007 The third aortic arch constitutes the commencement of the internal carotid artery, and is therefore named the carotid arch[WP]. Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_3 XAO:0000344 third aortic arch 3rd arch artery EHDAA2:0000070 Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_3 carotid arch aortic arch 4 4th arch artery AA4 AAO:0010420 Development notes: Normally, the left fourth arch becomes the aortic arch, the right fourth arch contributes to the innominate artery[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview] in birds it is the right fourth arch which forms the permanent aorta // proximal right subclavian EHDAA2:0000087 EMAPA:17004 SCTID:308777005 TAO:0005008 The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus[WP]. UBERON:0003121 UBERON:0004350 UBERON:ZFA_0005008-XAO_0000355 VHOG:0000146 XAO:0000355 ZFA:0005008 fourth aortic arch fourth branchial arch artery systemic arch uberon AA4 ZFA:0005008 XAO:0000355 fourth aortic arch 4th arch artery EHDAA2:0000087 ISBN10:0073040584 XAO:0000355 systemic arch The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus[WP]. Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4 aortic arch 5 AA5 AAO:0010421 SCTID:308778000 TAO:0005009 The fifth arch disappears on both sides[WP]. UBERON:0003122 UBERON:ZFA_0005009-XAO_0000352 VHOG:0000145 XAO:0000352 ZFA:0005009 fifth aortic arch uberon AA5 ZFA:0005009 XAO:0000352 fifth aortic arch The fifth arch disappears on both sides[WP]. Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_5 aortic arch 6 6th arch artery AA6 AAO:0010422 Development notes: the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview] EHDAA2:0000102 EMAPA:17005 SCTID:308779008 TAO:0005016 The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP]. UBERON:0003123 UBERON:0004351 UBERON:ZFA_0005016-XAO_0000353 VHOG:0000144 XAO:0000353 ZFA:0005016 pulmonary arch sixth aortic arch sixth branchial arch artery uberon 6th arch artery EMAPA:17005 ISBN10:0073040584 pulmonary arch AA6 ZFA:0005016 The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP]. Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6 XAO:0000353 sixth aortic arch chorion BTO:0000252 Development notes: Extra-embryonic ectoderm[PMID:19829370]. Taxon notes: The chorion of placentals is bilaminar as in reptiles and birds, but forms from the trophoblast and includes the ajdacent mesodermal layer [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong"]. EFO:0002780 EHDAA2:0000245 EHDAA:150 EMAPA:16112 EV:0100121 FMA:80224 GAID:1299 MESH:A.16.254.403.473 The outer membrane of the two membranes enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta[BTO]. Wikipedia: The chorion is one of the membranes that exists during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It is formed by extraembryonic mesoderm and the two layers of trophoblast and surrounds the embryo and other membranes. The chorionic villi emerge from the chorion, invade the endometrium, and allow transfer of nutrients from maternal blood to fetal blood. UBERON:0003124 VHOG:0000200 chorion (vertebrates) chorion frondosum chorionic sac ncithesaurus:Chorion ncithesaurus:Chorionic_Sac uberon Wikipedia:Chorion chorion frondosum Wikipedia:Chorion chorionic sac The outer membrane of the two membranes enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta[BTO]. Wikipedia: The chorion is one of the membranes that exists during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It is formed by extraembryonic mesoderm and the two layers of trophoblast and surrounds the embryo and other membranes. The chorionic villi emerge from the chorion, invade the endometrium, and allow transfer of nutrients from maternal blood to fetal blood. Wikipedia:Chorion vitelline membrane AAO:0010332 BTO:0001450 EHDAA2:0002220 FBbt:00000042 GAID:1318 MESH:A.16.631.886 TODO - consider GO CC request. GO:0030704-vitelline membrane formation considered a subclass of CC organization UBERON:0003125 XAO:0000030 a structure directly adjacent to the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum. It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding, binding to sperm plasma membrane receptors. The species-specificity between these receptors contributes to prevention of breeding between different species [Wikipedia]. A protective layer around the egg[FBbt]. m. vitellina uberon yolk sac membrane zona pellucida Wikipedia:Vitelline_membrane a structure directly adjacent to the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum. It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding, binding to sperm plasma membrane receptors. The species-specificity between these receptors contributes to prevention of breeding between different species [Wikipedia]. A protective layer around the egg[FBbt]. BTO:0001450 yolk sac membrane Wikipedia:Vitelline_membrane m. vitellina trachea A trachea held open by up to 20 C-shaped rings of cartilage [Wikipedia]. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. AAO:0010140 BTO:0001388 EFO:0000935 EHDAA2:0002066 EHDAA:3078 EMAPA:16853 EV:0100040 FMA:7394 GAID:361 In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx. MA:0000441 MAT:0000137 MESH:A.04.889 MIAA:0000137 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181213009 UBERON:0003126 VHOG:0000371 XAO:0000118 cartilaginous trachea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg ncithesaurus:Trachea tracheal tubule uberon vertebrate trachea windpipe BTO:0001388 tracheal tubule vertebrate trachea A trachea held open by up to 20 C-shaped rings of cartilage [Wikipedia]. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. GO:0060438 Wikipedia:Vertebrate_trachea EHDAA2 open tracheal system trachea A trachea composed of composed of spiracles, tracheae, and tracheoles [Wikipedia]. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. FBbt:00005043 SPD:0000434 TADS:0000315 TODO check if is_a epithelium UBERON:0003127 invertebrate trachea trachea uberon FBbt:00005043 trachea A trachea composed of composed of spiracles, tracheae, and tracheoles [Wikipedia]. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GO:0007424 Wikipedia:Invertebrate_trachea cranium BTO:0001328 EFO:0000831 EHDAA2:0000325 EHDAA:6029 EMAPA:17680 FMA:71325 MA:0000316 MAT:0000340 MIAA:0000340 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVlEyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181889008 TAO:0000737 The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton[WP]. UBERON:0003128 Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). VHOG:0000334 XAO:0003075 ZFA:0000737 bones of cranium calvarium cranial skeleton epicranial plate ossa cranii skeletal system of head uberon FMA:71325 FMA:TA ossa cranii FMA:71325 bones of cranium Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). Wikipedia:Cranium_(anatomy) BTO:0001328 calvarium skull AAO:0000109 AAO:0010185 BTO:0001295 FMA:46565 GAID:82 In FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. // A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates[WP]. MESH:A.02.835.232.781 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The 4 components of the vertebrate skull are the cartilaginous neurocranium, cartilaginous viscero- cranium, dermal skull roof, and sclerotomal occipital region[PMID]. Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. UBERON:0003129 cranial skeleton galen:Skull ncithesaurus:Skull skeletal system of head uberon PMID:11523816 The 4 components of the vertebrate skull are the cartilaginous neurocranium, cartilaginous viscero- cranium, dermal skull roof, and sclerotomal occipital region[PMID]. Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. Wikipedia:Skull http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2962656&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 arthropod sternum FBbt:00004557 HAO:0000956 UBERON:0003130 UBERON:FBbt_00004557-FMA_7485-MA_0001331 sternum uberon ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen. In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous. Wikipedia:Sternum_(arthropod) ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen. In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous. arthropod tibia A section of the arthropod leg. FBbt:00004642 HAO:0001017 Homologies of leg segments between groups are difficult to prove and are the source of much argument. Some authors posit up to eleven segments per leg for the most recent common ancestor of extant arthropods [1], but modern arthropods have eight or fewer. It has been argued [2][3] that the ancestral leg need not have been so complex, and that other events, such as the successive loss of function of a Hox-gene could result in parallel gains of leg segments. TADS:0000281 UBERON:0003131 uberon A section of the arthropod leg. Wikipedia:Arthropod_leg arthropod hypopharynx A median tonguelike structure arising from the mouth. FBbt:00005751 HAO:0000409 TGMA:0000090 UBERON:0003132 uberon A median tonguelike structure arising from the mouth. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/279974/hypopharynx reproductive organ An organ involved in reproduction EMAPA:17381 GO uses genitalia for the singular organ MA:0001752 MESH:A.05.360 OpenCyc:Mx4rwO39aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:128181006 TGMA:0000591 UBERON:0003133 WBbt:0008422 genital organ genitalia ncithesaurus:Genitalia reproductive system organ sex organ uberon An organ involved in reproduction UBERON:xp genitalia female reproductive organ A female organ involved in reproduction EMAPA:17959 MA:0000544 UBERON:0003134 female organism reproductive organ female organism reproductive structure female organism reproductive system organ female organism sex organ female reproductive system organ female sex organ reproductive organ of female organism reproductive structure of female organism reproductive system organ of female organism sex organ of female organism uberon OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive structure OBOL:automatic sex organ of female organism A female organ involved in reproduction UBERON:xp OBOL:automatic female organism sex organ OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system organ OBOL:automatic reproductive organ of female organism OBOL:automatic reproductive structure of female organism OBOL:automatic reproductive system organ of female organism OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive organ male reproductive organ A male organ involved in reproduction EMAPA:17968 MA:0000545 UBERON:0003135 male organism reproductive organ male organism reproductive structure male organism reproductive system organ male organism sex organ male reproductive system organ male sex organ reproductive organ of male organism reproductive structure of male organism reproductive system organ of male organism sex organ of male organism uberon OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive organ OBOL:automatic reproductive system organ of male organism OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive system organ A male organ involved in reproduction UBERON:xp OBOL:automatic male organism sex organ OBOL:automatic reproductive organ of male organism OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive structure OBOL:automatic reproductive structure of male organism OBOL:automatic sex organ of male organism tagma UBERON:0003136 UBERON:FBbt_00000002-HAO_0000988 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon antennal segment UBERON:0003137 UBERON:FBbt_00000009-HAO_0000104 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon thoracic segment UBERON:0003138 UBERON:FBbt_00000016-HAO_0001013 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon larval tagma UBERON:0003139 UBERON:FBbt_00001728-HAO_0000462 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon larval thorax UBERON:0003140 UBERON:FBbt_00001741-HAO_0000463 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon larval abdomen UBERON:0003141 UBERON:FBbt_00001746-HAO_0000460 true uberon prepupa BTO:0001110 FBbt:00002952 HAO:0000812 PP UBERON:0003142 UBERON:FBbt_00002952-HAO_0000812 uberon FBbt:00002952 PP pupa BTO:0001143 EFO:0002684 FBbt:00002953 HAO:0000886 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQCBr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism at the pupal stage. The pupal stage is a life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago. UBERON:0003143 UBERON:FBbt_00002953-HAO_0000886 uberon Organism at the pupal stage. The pupal stage is a life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago. Wikipedia:Pupa adult tagma UBERON:0003144 UBERON:FBbt_00003005-HAO_0000089 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon adult arthropod thorax UBERON:0003145 UBERON:FBbt_00003018-HAO_0000090 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon adult arthropod abdomen UBERON:0003146 UBERON:FBbt_00003023-HAO_0000088 true uberon peritreme That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. UBERON:0003147 UBERON:FBbt_00003121-HAO_0000712 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology. term also used for edge of the aperture of a univalve shell rim true uberon FBbt:00003121 rim That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. http://www.answers.com/topic/peritreme sclerite UBERON:0003148 UBERON:FBbt_00004475-HAO_0000909 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology hardened portions of arthropod exoskeletons. plate true uberon Wikipedia:Sclerite hardened portions of arthropod exoskeletons. FBbt:00004475 plate tergite UBERON:0003149 UBERON:FBbt_00004476-HAO_0001005 abdominal tergite arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon FBbt:00004476 abdominal tergite sternite UBERON:0003150 UBERON:FBbt_00004477-HAO_0000955 abdominal sternite arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon FBbt:00004477 abdominal sternite foramen UBERON:0003151 UBERON:FBbt_00004478-HAO_0000345 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon phragma The lamella that serves as the site of attachment of the longitudinal flight muscle [HAO]. UBERON:0003152 UBERON:FBbt_00004480-HAO_0000716 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon HAO:0000716 The lamella that serves as the site of attachment of the longitudinal flight muscle [HAO]. head capsule BTO:0004711 EFO:0001927 FBbt:00004482 HAO:0000398 UBERON:0003153 UBERON:FBbt_00004482-HAO_0000398 uberon gena UBERON:0003154 UBERON:FBbt_00004491-HAO_0000371 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology cheek true uberon FBbt:00004491 cheek arthropod occiput FBbt:00004492 HAO:0000658 TGMA:0000041 UBERON:0003155 UBERON:FBbt_00004492-HAO_0000658 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology, but this is retained for disambiguation purposes occiput uberon FBbt:00004492 occiput postocciput UBERON:0003156 UBERON:FBbt_00004494-HAO_0000790 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon postgena UBERON:0003157 UBERON:FBbt_00004496-HAO_0000776 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon tentorial pit UBERON:0003158 UBERON:FBbt_00004501-HAO_0000999 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon anterior tentorial pit UBERON:0003159 UBERON:FBbt_00004502-HAO_0000126 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon posterior tentorial pit UBERON:0003160 UBERON:FBbt_00004503-HAO_0000768 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon dorsal ocellus A simple visual organ of insects[GO]. Two ocelli appear on the vertical and one on the frontal plate[FBbt]. The multi-tissue structure that is located on the top of the head, composed of the corneal lens, pigment cell, rhabdoms and synaptic plexus[HAO]. Two evolutionary distinct ocellus types exist [2]: dorsal ocelli (or simply 'ocelli'), found in most insects, and lateral ocelli (or stemmata), which are found in the larvae of some insect orders. They are structurally and functionally very different. Simple eyes of other animals, e.g. cnidarians may also be referred to as 'ocelli', but again the structure and anatomy of these eyes is quite distinct from those of the dorsal ocelli of insects[Wikipedia]. BTO:0001758 FBbt:00004505 HAO:0000661 UBERON:0003161 UBERON:FBbt_00004505-HAO_0000661 dorsal ocelli ocelli ocellus uberon A simple visual organ of insects[GO]. Two ocelli appear on the vertical and one on the frontal plate[FBbt]. The multi-tissue structure that is located on the top of the head, composed of the corneal lens, pigment cell, rhabdoms and synaptic plexus[HAO]. Two evolutionary distinct ocellus types exist [2]: dorsal ocelli (or simply 'ocelli'), found in most insects, and lateral ocelli (or stemmata), which are found in the larvae of some insect orders. They are structurally and functionally very different. Simple eyes of other animals, e.g. cnidarians may also be referred to as 'ocelli', but again the structure and anatomy of these eyes is quite distinct from those of the dorsal ocelli of insects[Wikipedia]. FBbt:00004505 GO:0008056 HAO:0000661 Wikipedia:Ocellus#Ocelli dorsal ocelli ocelli lateral ocellus FBbt:00004506 HAO:0000481 The ocellus that is paired[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia]. UBERON:0003162 UBERON:FBbt_00004506-HAO_0000481 uberon HAO:0000481 The ocellus that is paired[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Ocellus#Ocelli mouthpart TODO UBERON:0003163 UBERON:FBbt_00004520-HAO_0000639 true uberon clypeus UBERON:0003164 UBERON:FBbt_00004521-HAO_0000212 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon cibarium UBERON:0003165 UBERON:FBbt_00004526-HAO_0000201 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology atrium true uberon FBbt:00004526 atrium prementum UBERON:0003166 UBERON:FBbt_00004534-HAO_0000804 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology theca true uberon FBbt:00004534 theca lacinia UBERON:0003167 UBERON:FBbt_00004536-HAO_0000457 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon mentum UBERON:0003168 UBERON:FBbt_00004544-HAO_0000534 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon cervical sclerite UBERON:0003169 UBERON:FBbt_00004548-HAO_0000195 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon tergum UBERON:0003170 UBERON:FBbt_00004552-HAO_0001006 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon episternum UBERON:0003171 UBERON:FBbt_00004554-HAO_0000303 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon epimeron UBERON:0003172 UBERON:FBbt_00004556-HAO_0000299 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon pronotum UBERON:0003173 UBERON:FBbt_00004561-HAO_0000853 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon furcasternum UBERON:0003174 UBERON:FBbt_00004570-HAO_0000367 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon prescutum UBERON:0003175 UBERON:FBbt_00004582-HAO_0000815 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon anterior notal wing process UBERON:0003176 UBERON:FBbt_00004585-HAO_0000120 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon posterior notal wing process UBERON:0003177 UBERON:FBbt_00004586-HAO_0000758 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon postnotum UBERON:0003178 UBERON:FBbt_00004588-HAO_0000786 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology postscutellum true uberon FBbt:00004588 postscutellum pleural wing process UBERON:0003179 UBERON:FBbt_00004595-HAO_0000726 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon anepisternum UBERON:0003180 UBERON:FBbt_00004597-HAO_0000094 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology mesopleurite true uberon FBbt:00004597 mesopleurite scutoscutellar suture UBERON:0003181 UBERON:FBbt_00004601-HAO_0000920 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon pleural suture UBERON:0003182 UBERON:FBbt_00004603-HAO_0000725 true uberon notopleural suture UBERON:0003183 UBERON:FBbt_00004604-HAO_0000649 true uberon mesofurca UBERON:0003184 UBERON:FBbt_00004619-HAO_0000547 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology mesothoracic sternal apophysis true uberon FBbt:00004619 mesothoracic sternal apophysis metafurca UBERON:0003185 UBERON:FBbt_00004638-HAO_0000592 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology metathoracic sternal apophysis true uberon FBbt:00004638 metathoracic sternal apophysis coxa UBERON:0003186 UBERON:FBbt_00004641-HAO_0000228 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon pretarsus UBERON:0003187 UBERON:FBbt_00004653-HAO_0000820 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon auxilia UBERON:0003188 UBERON:FBbt_00004654-HAO_0000153 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon unguitractor plate UBERON:0003189 UBERON:FBbt_00004658-HAO_0001043 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon empodium UBERON:0003190 UBERON:FBbt_00004659-HAO_0000288 true uberon tegula UBERON:0003191 UBERON:FBbt_00004730-HAO_0000993 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon axillary sclerite UBERON:0003192 UBERON:FBbt_00004737-HAO_0000159 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon axillary cord UBERON:0003193 UBERON:FBbt_00004744-HAO_0000157 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon imaginal disc-derived wing vein FBbt:00004751 HAO:0001095 UBERON:0003194 UBERON:FBbt_00004751-HAO_0001095 uberon crossvein UBERON:0003195 UBERON:FBbt_00004765-HAO_0000236 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon wing cell UBERON:0003196 UBERON:FBbt_00004769-HAO_0001091 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology intervein true uberon FBbt:00004769 intervein costal cell UBERON:0003197 UBERON:FBbt_00004770-HAO_0000226 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon aedeagus UBERON:0003198 UBERON:FBbt_00004850-HAO_0000091 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon egg chamber FBbt:00004894 HAO:0000287 UBERON:0003199 UBERON:FBbt_00004894-HAO_0000287 follicle germarium derived egg chamber ncithesaurus:Follicle uberon FBbt:00004894 germarium derived egg chamber FBbt:00004894 follicle pedicel UBERON:0003200 UBERON:FBbt_00004920-HAO_0000706 true uberon exocuticle BTO:0001602 FBbt:00004973 HAO:0000311 The outer layer of the procuticle of certain crustaceans and arthropods, which contains cuticulin, chitin, and phenolic substances that are oxidized to produce the dark pigment of the cuticle;nThe hard and usually darkened layer of the cuticle lying between the endocuticle and epicuticle. UBERON:0003201 UBERON:FBbt_00004973-HAO_0000311 uberon BTO:0001602 The outer layer of the procuticle of certain crustaceans and arthropods, which contains cuticulin, chitin, and phenolic substances that are oxidized to produce the dark pigment of the cuticle;nThe hard and usually darkened layer of the cuticle lying between the endocuticle and epicuticle. endocuticle BTO:0001603 FBbt:00004974 HAO:0000290 The inner layer of the procuticle in certain crustaceans and arthropods, which is almost entirely composed of protein and chitin. UBERON:0003202 UBERON:FBbt_00004974-HAO_0000290 uberon BTO:0001603 The inner layer of the procuticle in certain crustaceans and arthropods, which is almost entirely composed of protein and chitin. apodeme UBERON:0003203 UBERON:FBbt_00005091-HAO_0000142 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon epipharynx UBERON:0003204 UBERON:FBbt_00005750-HAO_0000301 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon articulation UBERON:0003205 UBERON:FBbt_00005811-HAO_0000151 incorrect grouping true uberon apophysis UBERON:0003206 UBERON:FBbt_00005813-HAO_0000143 incorrect grouping true uberon arthropod appendage segment UBERON:0003207 UBERON:FBbt_00007018-HAO_0000145 arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology true uberon blood nerve barrier UBERON:0003209 barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier[GO]. blood-nerve barrier uberon GO:0008065 Wikipedia:Blood-nerve_barrier barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier[GO]. blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier UBERON:0003210 barrier in the choroid plexus located in the lateral, third, and fourth brain ventricles that controls the entrance of substances into the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood[MP]. uberon MP:0006088 barrier in the choroid plexus located in the lateral, third, and fourth brain ventricles that controls the entrance of substances into the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood[MP]. median ocellus FBbt:00004507 HAO:0000526 The ocellus that is is located medially on the cranium[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia]. UBERON:0003211 uberon HAO:0000526 The ocellus that is is located medially on the cranium[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Ocellus#Ocelli gustatory organ Any sense organ that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050912). FBbt:00005159 FMA:77853 UBERON:0003212 gustatory organ system organ gustatory system organ organ of gustatory organ system organ of gustatory system organ of taste system taste organ taste system organ uberon OBOL:automatic taste system organ Any sense organ that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050912). FBC:auto_generated_definition OBOL:automatic gustatory system organ OBOL:automatic organ of gustatory organ system OBOL:automatic organ of gustatory system OBOL:automatic gustatory organ system organ OBOL:automatic organ of taste system mammary gland alveolus FMA:73285 MA:0002760 UBERON:0003214 a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland[GO]. alveolus of lactiferous gland alveolus of lobe of breast alveolus of lobe of mammary gland alveolus of mammary gland lactiferous alveolus lactiferous gland alveolus lobe of breast alveolus lobe of mammary gland alveolus mammary alveolus uberon OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland alveolus OBOL:automatic alveolus of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of breast alveolus OBOL:automatic alveolus of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic alveolus of lobe of mammary gland GO:0060749 a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland[GO]. OBOL:automatic alveolus of lactiferous gland alveolus EFO:0002513 EV:0100043 FMA:82493 OpenCyc:Mx4rwN8NFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003215 ncithesaurus:Alveolus organ part that has the form of a hollow cavity[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Alveolus organ part that has the form of a hollow cavity[WP]. hard palate EMAPA:18952 FMA:55023 GAID:221 MA:0002477 MAT:0000161 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.660 MIAA:0000161 SCTID:245778002 This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0003216 UBERON:FMA_54549-FMA_55023-MA_0002476-MA_0002477-MIAA_0000161 anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes[GO]. hard palate ncithesaurus:Hard_Palate palatum durum uberon Wikipedia:Hard_palate palatum durum GO:0060022 Wikipedia:Hard_palate anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes[GO]. neural lobe of neurohypophysis BTO:0000561 EHDAA2:0001418 EHDAA:7542 FMA:74636 MA:0000860 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_941 SCTID:424523008 TODO - compare with UBERON:0002198 The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Despite its name, the posterior pituitary gland is not a gland, per se; rather, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary gland. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003217 UBERON:FMA_74636-ZFA_0001271 VHOG:0001180 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG/200px-Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG pars nervosa (neurohypophysis) pars nervosa neurohypophysis pars nervosa of hypophysis pars nervosa of neurohypophysis pars nervosa of posterior lobe of pituitary gland pars nervosa pituitary gland pars posterior posterior lobe posterior lobe of neurohypophysis posterior lobe-3 uberon The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Despite its name, the posterior pituitary gland is not a gland, per se; rather, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary gland. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Neurohypophysis#cite_note-1 FMA:74636 posterior lobe of neurohypophysis FMA:74636 FMA:TA pars nervosa (neurohypophysis) FMA:74636 FMA:TA pars nervosa neurohypophysis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_941 pars nervosa pituitary gland MA:0000860 pars posterior BTO:0000561 posterior lobe ovary septum Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. UBERON:0003218 uberon GO:0080126 Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. shell septum Septum that divides the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids. UBERON:0003219 uberon GO:0080126 Septum that divides the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids. Wikipedia:Septum_(marine_biology) metanephric mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004062 EHDAA:4041 EHDAA:5021 EHDAA:5915 EMAPA:17208 EMAPA:17375 EMAPA:29990 Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"] SCTID:361529008 UBERON:0003220 VHOG:0000540 metanephric blastema metanephric mesoderm metanephrogenic mesenchyme metanephros associated mesenchyme one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO] uberon GO:0072075 Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO] EHDAA:5021 metanephrogenic mesenchyme Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema metanephric blastema ISBN:9780878932504 Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema metanephric mesoderm RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001139 metanephros associated mesenchyme phalanx Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits. MA:0000304 OpenCyc:Mx4rvolPZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:290029003 Taxon notes: In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three[WP] UBERON:0003221 VSAO:0000199 digit long bone galen:Phalanx long bone of digit ncithesaurus:Phalanx phalanges phalanx bone uberon Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones phalanx bone phalanges OBOL:automatic digit long bone Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits. VSAO:0000199 Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones OBOL:automatic long bone of digit flexor digitorum superficialis FMA:38469 UBERON:0003222 an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints. The muscle has two classically described heads - the humeroulnar and radial - and it is between these heads that the median nerve and ulnar artery pass. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint gives its origin to part of this muscle. The primary function of flexor digitorum superficialis is flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints, however under continued action it also flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joint[WP]. flexor digitorum superficialis muscle musculus flexor digitorum superficialis uberon FMA dbpedia medial epicondyle of the humerus as well as parts of the radius and ulna. Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints. The muscle has two classically described heads - the humeroulnar and radial - and it is between these heads that the median nerve and ulnar artery pass. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint gives its origin to part of this muscle. The primary function of flexor digitorum superficialis is flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints, however under continued action it also flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joint[WP]. dbpedia anterior margins on the bases of the middle phalanges of the four fingers dbpedia Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle musculus flexor digitorum superficialis dbpedia Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle flexor digitorum superficialis muscle chorion syncytiotrophoblast EHDAA2:0001973 EHDAA:156 UBERON:0003224 todo - check uberon primitive endoderm of inner cell mass A primitive endoderm that is part of a inner cell mass [Obol]. EHDAA:44 TODO - check. Note in MP, hypoblast and primitive endoderm are exact synonyms UBERON:0003225 hypoblast inner cell mass primitive endoderm uberon OBOL:automatic inner cell mass primitive endoderm MP:0011185 hypoblast A primitive endoderm that is part of a inner cell mass [Obol]. OBOL:automatic supinator FMA:38512 FMA:75002 SCTID:181634007 TODO: The term "supinator" can also refer more generally to a muscle that causes supination of a part of the body. In older texts, the term "supinator longus" was used to refer to the brachioradialis, and "supinator brevis" was used to the muscle now known as the supinator. UBERON:0003228 a broad muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm, curved around the upper third of the radius. Its function is to supinate the forearm. musculus supinator supinator muscle uberon FMA:75002 supinator muscle Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament dbpedia Wikipedia:Supinator_muscle a broad muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm, curved around the upper third of the radius. Its function is to supinate the forearm. FMA Wikipedia:Supinator_muscle musculus supinator dbpedia deep branch of radial nerve Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament dbpedia dbpedia epithelium of elbow An epithelium that is part of a elbow [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000430 EHDAA:4168 EHDAA:6214 EMAPA:17415 UBERON:0003229 VHOG:0001044 cubital region epithelial tissue cubital region epithelium elbow epithelial tissue elbow epithelium epithelial tissue of cubital region epithelial tissue of elbow epithelium of cubital region uberon OBOL:automatic elbow epithelium An epithelium that is part of a elbow [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cubital region epithelium OBOL:automatic elbow epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cubital region EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic cubital region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of elbow OBOL:automatic epithelium of cubital region epithelium of carpal region An epithelium that is part of a wrist [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000219 EHDAA:5198 UBERON:0003230 carpal region epithelial tissue carpal region epithelium epithelial tissue of carpal region epithelial tissue of wrist epithelium of wrist uberon wrist epithelial tissue wrist epithelium EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic carpal region epithelium OBOL:automatic wrist epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of carpal region OBOL:automatic carpal region epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a wrist [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic epithelium of wrist OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of wrist OBOL:automatic wrist epithelium epithelium of hip An epithelium that is part of a hip [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000784 EHDAA:5155 EHDAA:6180 EMAPA:17491 UBERON:0003231 VHOG:0000779 epithelial tissue of hip epithelial tissue of hip region epithelial tissue of regio coxae epithelium of hip region epithelium of regio coxae hip epithelial tissue hip epithelium hip region epithelial tissue hip region epithelium regio coxae epithelial tissue regio coxae epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic hip region epithelium OBOL:automatic hip epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of hip OBOL:automatic epithelium of hip region OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of hip region An epithelium that is part of a hip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hip region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of regio coxae EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic epithelium of regio coxae OBOL:automatic regio coxae epithelium OBOL:automatic hip epithelium OBOL:automatic regio coxae epithelial tissue epithelium of knee An epithelium that is part of a knee [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000896 EHDAA:5161 EHDAA:6186 EMAPA:17494 UBERON:0003232 VHOG:0000810 epithelial tissue of knee knee epithelial tissue knee epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of knee OBOL:automatic knee epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a knee [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic knee epithelium epithelium of shoulder An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001835 EHDAA:4182 EHDAA:6230 EMAPA:17422 UBERON:0003233 VHOG:0000761 epithelial tissue of shoulder shoulder epithelial tissue shoulder epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic shoulder epithelium OBOL:automatic shoulder epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of shoulder EHDAA2 An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic extensor pollicis longus FMA:38521 SCTID:361820003 The Extensor pollicis longus is much larger than the Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, the origin of which it partly covers. UBERON:0003234 extensor pollicis longis extensor pollicis longus muscle musculus extensor pollicis longus uberon dbpedia Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle extensor pollicis longis FMA The Extensor pollicis longus is much larger than the Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, the origin of which it partly covers. Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle extensor pollicis longus muscle Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle musculus extensor pollicis longus dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia epithelium of upper jaw An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002119 EHDAA:8027 EMAPA:17943 EMAPA:18971 UBERON:0003235 epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue of upper jaw epithelium of palatoquadrate arch palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue palatoquadrate arch epithelium uberon upper jaw epithelial tissue upper jaw epithelium OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic upper jaw epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of upper jaw OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch epithelium An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic upper jaw epithelium epithelium of lower jaw An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001019 EHDAA:7999 EMAPA:17922 EMAPA:18968 UBERON:0003236 VHOG:0000802 epithelial tissue of lower jaw epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch epithelium of ventral mandibular arch lower jaw epithelial tissue lower jaw epithelium uberon ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue ventral mandibular arch epithelium OBOL:automatic lower jaw epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower jaw An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lower jaw epithelium epithelium of superior semicircular canal An epithelium that is part of an anterior semicircular canal [Obol]. EHDAA:7806 EMAPA:17301 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001961 UBERON:0003238 VHOG:0001039 anterior semicircular canal epithelial tissue anterior semicircular canal epithelium epithelial tissue of anterior semicircular canal epithelial tissue of superior semicircular canal epithelium of anterior semicircular canal superior semicircular canal epithelial tissue superior semicircular canal epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of anterior semicircular canal OBOL:automatic anterior semicircular canal epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of anterior semicircular canal An epithelium that is part of an anterior semicircular canal [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic superior semicircular canal epithelium OBOL:automatic superior semicircular canal epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic anterior semicircular canal epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of superior semicircular canal epithelium of posterior semicircular canal An epithelium that is part of a posterior semicircular canal [Obol]. EHDAA:7800 EMAPA:17298 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001491 UBERON:0003239 VHOG:0000758 epithelial tissue of posterior semicircular canal posterior semicircular canal epithelial tissue posterior semicircular canal epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic posterior semicircular canal epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a posterior semicircular canal [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of posterior semicircular canal OBOL:automatic posterior semicircular canal epithelium epithelium of lateral semicircular canal An epithelium that is part of a lateral semicircular canal [Obol]. EHDAA:7794 EMAPA:17823 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000922 UBERON:0003240 VHOG:0000480 epithelial tissue of lateral semicircular canal lateral semicircular canal epithelial tissue lateral semicircular canal epithelium uberon An epithelium that is part of a lateral semicircular canal [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lateral semicircular canal OBOL:automatic lateral semicircular canal epithelium OBOL:automatic lateral semicircular canal epithelial tissue epithelium of utricle An epithelium that is part of a utricle of membranous labyrinth [Obol]. EHDAA:4730 EMAPA:17295 EMAPA:17298 EMAPA:17301 EMAPA:17820 EMAPA:17823 FMA:75604 MA:0001204 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002155 UBERON:0003241 VHOG:0000634 epithelial tissue of membranous labyrinth utricle epithelial tissue of utricle epithelial tissue of utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelium of membranous labyrinth utricle epithelium of utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelium of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) membranous labyrinth utricle epithelial tissue membranous labyrinth utricle epithelium todo - check relationships w.r.t macula uberon utricle epithelial tissue utricle epithelium utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelium utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelial tissue utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium FMA OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of utricle of membranous labyrinth OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of utricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of membranous labyrinth utricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) OBOL:automatic membranous labyrinth utricle epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelium OBOL:automatic utricle epithelium FMA:75604 epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth OBOL:automatic utricle epithelial tissue FMA OBOL:automatic epithelium of membranous labyrinth utricle OBOL:automatic utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic membranous labyrinth utricle epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of utricle of membranous labyrinth OBOL:automatic utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium An epithelium that is part of a utricle of membranous labyrinth [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue epithelium of saccule An epithelium that is part of a saccule of membranous labyrinth [Obol]. EHDAA:4724 EMAPA:17292 FMA:75605 MA:0001202 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001771 UBERON:0003242 VHOG:0000633 epithelial tissue of membranous labyrinth saccule epithelial tissue of saccule epithelial tissue of saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium of macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelium of membranous labyrinth saccule epithelium of saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelium of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) membranous labyrinth saccule epithelial tissue membranous labyrinth saccule epithelium saccule epithelial tissue saccule epithelium saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelium sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelial tissue sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium todo - check relationships w.r.t macula uberon OBOL:automatic epithelium of membranous labyrinth saccule OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of saccule of membranous labyrinth OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of saccule OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of membranous labyrinth saccule OBOL:automatic sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of saccule of membranous labyrinth OBOL:automatic saccule epithelium OBOL:automatic saccule epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic membranous labyrinth saccule epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a saccule of membranous labyrinth [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:75605 epithelium of macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth OBOL:automatic saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) OBOL:automatic membranous labyrinth saccule epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) OBOL:automatic saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelium epithelium of cochlear duct An epithelium that is part of a cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth [Obol]. EHDAA:4722 EMAPA:17600 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000264 Reissner's canal epithelial tissue Reissner's canal epithelium UBERON:0003243 VHOG:0000640 cochlear duct epithelial tissue cochlear duct epithelium cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelium epithelial tissue of Reissner's canal epithelial tissue of cochlear duct epithelial tissue of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelium of Reissner's canal epithelium of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth uberon OBOL:automatic Reissner's canal epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cochlear duct OBOL:automatic cochlear duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of Reissner's canal OBOL:automatic cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth OBOL:automatic cochlear duct epithelium OBOL:automatic Reissner's canal epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of Reissner's canal OBOL:automatic epithelium of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelium of mammary gland An epithelium that is part of a lactiferous gland [Obol]. BTO:0001430 EHDAA2:0001057 EHDAA:6526 EMAPA:17760 FMA:74445 MA:0000792 UBERON:0003244 VHOG:0001088 epithelial tissue of lactiferous gland epithelial tissue of lobe of breast epithelial tissue of lobe of mammary gland epithelial tissue of mammary gland epithelium of lactiferous gland epithelium of lobe of breast epithelium of lobe of mammary gland lactiferous gland epithelial tissue lactiferous gland epithelium lobe of breast epithelial tissue lobe of breast epithelium lobe of mammary gland epithelial tissue lobe of mammary gland epithelium mammary epithelium mammary gland epithelial tissue mammary gland epithelium ncithesaurus:Mammary_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic mammary gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast epithelium FMA:74445 epithelium of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of lobe of mammary gland BTO:0001430 mammary epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lactiferous gland An epithelium that is part of a lactiferous gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic mammary gland epithelium OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland epithelium OBOL:automatic lobe of breast epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of mammary gland epithelium of endolymphatic sac An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic sac [Obol]. EHDAA:7765 EMAPA:17595 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000443 UBERON:0003246 endolymphatic sac epithelial tissue endolymphatic sac epithelium epithelial tissue of endolymphatic sac uberon OBOL:automatic endolymphatic sac epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic sac [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of endolymphatic sac OBOL:automatic endolymphatic sac epithelium epithelium of forearm An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000554 EHDAA:4174 EHDAA:6220 EMAPA:17418 UBERON:0003247 VHOG:0001096 antebrachial region epithelial tissue antebrachial region epithelium arm middle limb segment epithelial tissue arm middle limb segment epithelium arm zeugopod epithelial tissue arm zeugopod epithelium brachial region middle limb segment epithelial tissue brachial region middle limb segment epithelium brachial region zeugopod epithelial tissue brachial region zeugopod epithelium epithelial tissue of antebrachial region epithelial tissue of arm middle limb segment epithelial tissue of arm zeugopod epithelial tissue of brachial region middle limb segment epithelial tissue of brachial region zeugopod epithelial tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue of lower arm epithelial tissue of lower segment of arm epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of arm epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelial tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelial tissue of zeugopod of arm epithelial tissue of zeugopod of brachial region epithelial tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium of antebrachial region epithelium of arm middle limb segment epithelium of arm zeugopod epithelium of brachial region middle limb segment epithelium of brachial region zeugopod epithelium of intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelium of lower arm epithelium of lower segment of arm epithelium of middle limb segment of arm epithelium of middle limb segment of brachial region epithelium of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelium of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelium of zeugopod of arm epithelium of zeugopod of brachial region epithelium of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelium lower arm epithelial tissue lower arm epithelium lower segment of arm epithelial tissue lower segment of arm epithelium middle limb segment of arm epithelial tissue middle limb segment of arm epithelium middle limb segment of brachial region epithelial tissue middle limb segment of brachial region epithelium middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelial tissue proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelium proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelial tissue proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelium uberon zeugopod of arm epithelial tissue zeugopod of arm epithelium zeugopod of brachial region epithelial tissue zeugopod of brachial region epithelium zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic epithelium of lower arm OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod epithelium OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower arm OBOL:automatic antebrachial region epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod epithelium OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm epithelium OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic lower arm epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic epithelium of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic antebrachial region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of zeugopod of arm An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic epithelium of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment epithelium OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment epithelial tissue EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm epithelium OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic epithelium of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic lower arm epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic epithelium of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelium OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of intermediate segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic epithelium of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic epithelium of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm epithelium OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic epithelium of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment epithelium OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelial tissue epithelium of footplate EHDAA2:0000548 EHDAA:5145 EHDAA:6144 UBERON:0003248 foot plate epithelium footplate epithelium uberon EHDAA2:0000548 footplate epithelium EHDAA2 EHDAA2 epithelium of otic placode An epithelium that is part of a otic placode [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001341 EHDAA:510 EMAPA:16197 UBERON:0003249 VHOG:0000636 ZFA:0007068 editor note - check ZFA, placemeant, appears to refer to both adult structures and primordium epithelial tissue of otic placode otic epithelium otic placode epithelial tissue otic placode epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic otic placode epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic otic placode epithelium UBERON:cjm otic epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of otic placode An epithelium that is part of a otic placode [Obol]. OBOL:automatic rectus capitis lateralis FMA:46316 SCTID:244841001 The Rectus capitis lateralis, a short, flat muscle, arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone. UBERON:0003250 lateral rectus capitis musculus rectus capitis lateralis rectus capitis lateralis rectus capitus lateralis rectus capitus lateralis muscle uberon Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle rectus capitis lateralis Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle rectus capitus lateralis muscle dbpedia upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas dbpedia upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas FMA The Rectus capitis lateralis, a short, flat muscle, arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone. Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle musculus rectus capitis lateralis Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle rectus capitus lateralis FMA:46316 lateral rectus capitis temporal part of head FMA:63867 SCTID:362620003 UBERON:0003251 temporal region temporal region of head uberon FMA:63867 temporal region FMA FMA:63867 temporal region of head rib cage A bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic (chest) cavity and supports the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, forming a core portion of the human skeleton. A typical human rib cage consists of 24 ribs, the sternum, costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae. It, along with the skin and associated fascia and muscles, makes up the thoracic wall, and provides attachments for the muscles of the neck, thorax, upper abdomen, and back. The human rib cage is a component of the human respiratory system. It encloses the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs. An inhalation is accomplished when the muscular diaphragm, at the floor of the thoracic cavity, contracts and flattens, while contraction of intercostal muscles lift the rib cage up and out. These actions produce an increase in volume, and a resulting partial vacuum, or negative pressure, in the thoracic cavity, resulting in atmospheric pressure pushing air into the lungs, inflating them. An exhalation results when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, and elastic recoil of the rib cage and lungs expels the air. FMA:7480 SCTID:361741004 UBERON:0003252 cavea thoracis cavea thoracis galen:RibCage thoracic cage todo - add child terms uberon A bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic (chest) cavity and supports the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, forming a core portion of the human skeleton. A typical human rib cage consists of 24 ribs, the sternum, costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae. It, along with the skin and associated fascia and muscles, makes up the thoracic wall, and provides attachments for the muscles of the neck, thorax, upper abdomen, and back. The human rib cage is a component of the human respiratory system. It encloses the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs. An inhalation is accomplished when the muscular diaphragm, at the floor of the thoracic cavity, contracts and flattens, while contraction of intercostal muscles lift the rib cage up and out. These actions produce an increase in volume, and a resulting partial vacuum, or negative pressure, in the thoracic cavity, resulting in atmospheric pressure pushing air into the lungs, inflating them. An exhalation results when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, and elastic recoil of the rib cage and lungs expels the air. Wikipedia:Human_rib_cage Wikipedia:Human_rib_cage cavea thoracis FMA FMA FMA:7480 FMA:TA cavea thoracis FMA:7480 thoracic cage neck of rib FMA:7576 SCTID:263359009 The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs. UBERON:0003253 collum costae collum costae rib neck uberon Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib collum costae The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs. Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib FMA:7576 rib neck Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib collum costae amniotic ectoderm EHDAA2:0000117 EHDAA:138 EMAPA:16110 Editor note: we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk—the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion. UBERON:0003254 VHOG:0000621 amnion ectoderm uberon OBOL:automatic amnion ectoderm EHDAA2:0000117 amnion ectoderm ectoderm of embryo EHDAA:132 UBERON:0003255 deleted because the original definition was unclear. Me may reconstitute this and to distinguish extramebryonic from embryonic germ layers. See amniotic ectoderm and amniotic mesoderm developmental tissue ectoderm ectoderm of developmental tissue embryo ectoderm true uberon OBOL:automatic developmental tissue ectoderm OBOL:automatic ectoderm of developmental tissue OBOL:automatic embryo ectoderm endoderm of embryo EHDAA:94 UBERON:0003256 deleted because the original definition was unclear. Me may reconstitute this and to distinguish extramebryonic from embryonic germ layers. See amniotic ectoderm and amniotic mesoderm developmental tissue endoderm embryo endoderm endoderm of developmental tissue true uberon OBOL:automatic embryo endoderm OBOL:automatic developmental tissue endoderm OBOL:automatic endoderm of developmental tissue yolk sac endoderm EHDAA2:0002215 EHDAA:166 EMAPA:16086 TODO - check UBERON:0003257 VHOG:0000626 uberon EHDAA2 endoderm of foregut An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000566 EHDAA:524 TODO - check UBERON:0003258 foregut endoderm uberon An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foregut endoderm endoderm of midgut An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Obol]. EHDAA:987 EMAPA:16257 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001194 TODO - check UBERON:0003259 VHOG:0001080 midgut endoderm uberon OBOL:automatic midgut endoderm An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic endoderm of hindgut An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Obol]. EHDAA:979 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000781 TODO - check UBERON:0003260 hindgut endoderm uberon An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hindgut endoderm thyroid primordium endoderm EHDAA:956 EMAPA:16560 EMAPA:25357 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002035 UBERON:0003261 UBERON:0005235 VHOG:0001089 endoderm of thyroid primordium uberon OBOL:automatic endoderm of thyroid primordium ZFA-propagated amniotic mesoderm EHDAA2:0000118 EHDAA:140 EMAPA:16111 Editor note: we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk—the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion. UBERON:0003262 VHOG:0000622 amnion mesoderm uberon EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic amnion mesoderm mesoderm of yolk sac A mesoderm that is part of a yolk sac [Obol]. EHDAA:168 EMAPA:16087 TODO - check UBERON:0003264 VHOG:0000617 uberon yolk sac mesoderm A mesoderm that is part of a yolk sac [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic yolk sac mesoderm chorionic mesoderm EHDAA:154 EMAPA:16114 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000247 TODO - check UBERON:0003265 VHOG:0000620 chorion mesoderm uberon RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000247 chorion mesoderm ISBN10:0073040584 nerve of central nervous system UBERON:0003266 obsoleted pending formal definition of nerve, with explicit reference to PNS vs CNS true uberon tooth of upper jaw A calcareous tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002129 EHDAA:8045 EMAPA:17938 MA:0001909 UBERON:0003267 calcareous tooth of palatoquadrate arch calcareous tooth of upper jaw dentine containing tooth of palatoquadrate arch dentine containing tooth of upper jaw ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Tooth palatoquadrate arch calcareous tooth palatoquadrate arch dentine containing tooth palatoquadrate arch tooth palatoquadrate arch vertebrate tooth tooth of palatoquadrate arch uberon upper jaw calcareous tooth upper jaw dentine containing tooth upper jaw tooth upper jaw vertebrate tooth vertebrate tooth of palatoquadrate arch vertebrate tooth of upper jaw OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch vertebrate tooth A calcareous tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic calcareous tooth of upper jaw OBOL:automatic upper jaw dentine containing tooth OBOL:automatic vertebrate tooth of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic upper jaw tooth OBOL:automatic upper jaw calcareous tooth OBOL:automatic dentine containing tooth of upper jaw OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch calcareous tooth OBOL:automatic upper jaw vertebrate tooth OBOL:automatic dentine containing tooth of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic tooth of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic vertebrate tooth of upper jaw OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch tooth OBOL:automatic calcareous tooth of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch dentine containing tooth tooth of lower jaw A calcareous tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001029 EHDAA:8009 EMAPA:17917 MA:0001907 UBERON:0003268 calcareous tooth of lower jaw calcareous tooth of ventral mandibular arch dentine containing tooth of lower jaw dentine containing tooth of ventral mandibular arch lower jaw calcareous tooth lower jaw dentine containing tooth lower jaw tooth lower jaw vertebrate tooth ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Tooth tooth of ventral mandibular arch uberon ventral mandibular arch calcareous tooth ventral mandibular arch dentine containing tooth ventral mandibular arch tooth ventral mandibular arch vertebrate tooth vertebrate tooth of lower jaw vertebrate tooth of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch dentine containing tooth OBOL:automatic tooth of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic dentine containing tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic vertebrate tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic lower jaw calcareous tooth OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch vertebrate tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw vertebrate tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw dentine containing tooth OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch calcareous tooth OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch tooth OBOL:automatic dentine containing tooth of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic lower jaw tooth OBOL:automatic vertebrate tooth of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic calcareous tooth of lower jaw A calcareous tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic calcareous tooth of ventral mandibular arch skeletal muscle of eye A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000486 EHDAA:2923 EMAPA:17844 UBERON:0003269 eye skeletal muscle eye skeletal muscle group eye skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue of eye uberon OBOL:automatic eye skeletal muscle EHDAA2:0000486 eye skeletal muscle group A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic eye skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of eye skeletal muscle of leg A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tetrapod leg [Obol]. EHDAA:8291 EMAPA:19144 EMAPA:19318 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000974 UBERON:0003270 leg skeletal muscle leg skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue of leg uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tetrapod leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic leg skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic leg skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of leg skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]. EHDAA:8326 EMAPA:18185 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430 UBERON:0003271 girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle tissue pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle tissue pelvic girdle skeletal muscle pelvic girdle skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle tissue of girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle bone uberon OBOL:automatic girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of girdle-pelvic OBOL:automatic girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle bone OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of girdle-pelvic OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle bone OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of arm A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an arm [Obol]. EHDAA:8277 EMAPA:19107 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000142 UBERON:0003272 arm skeletal muscle arm skeletal muscle tissue brachial region skeletal muscle brachial region skeletal muscle tissue proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of brachial region skeletal muscle of proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle tissue of arm skeletal muscle tissue of brachial region skeletal muscle tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb uberon OBOL:automatic arm skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of arm OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of brachial region OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic arm skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of brachial region OBOL:automatic brachial region skeletal muscle tissue A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of tongue A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tongue [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002065 EHDAA:9146 EMAPA:17883 EMAPA:18879 MA:0001596 UBERON:0003273 VHOG:0001390 ncithesaurus:Tongue_Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue skeletal muscle tissue of tongue tongue skeletal muscle tongue skeletal muscle tissue uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tongue [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic tongue skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic tongue skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of tongue ISBN10:1607950324 mesothelium of omental bursa A mesothelium that is part of a lesser sac [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004557 EHDAA:2339 EMAPA:16890 EMAPA:18459 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001299 UBERON:0003274 VHOG:0000441 lesser sac meso-epithelium lesser sac mesothelium meso-epithelium of lesser sac meso-epithelium of omental bursa mesothelium of lesser sac omental bursa meso-epithelium omental bursa mesothelium uberon OBOL:automatic lesser sac meso-epithelium A mesothelium that is part of a lesser sac [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesothelium of lesser sac OBOL:automatic omental bursa mesothelium OBOL:automatic omental bursa meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic lesser sac mesothelium OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of lesser sac OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of omental bursa skeleton of embryo A skeletal system that is part of a embryo [Obol]. EHDAA:5047 EMAPA:17213 UBERON:0003276 developmental tissue set of all bones developmental tissue set of bones of body developmental tissue skeletal system developmental tissue skeleton developmental tissue skeleton system embryo set of all bones embryo set of bones of body embryo skeletal system embryo skeleton embryo skeleton system set of all bones of developmental tissue set of all bones of embryo set of bones of body of developmental tissue set of bones of body of embryo skeletal system of developmental tissue skeletal system of embryo skeleton of developmental tissue skeleton system of developmental tissue skeleton system of embryo uberon OBOL:automatic developmental tissue skeleton system OBOL:automatic set of all bones of developmental tissue OBOL:automatic set of bones of body of developmental tissue OBOL:automatic skeleton of developmental tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal system of developmental tissue OBOL:automatic skeleton system of embryo OBOL:automatic embryo skeletal system OBOL:automatic embryo skeleton OBOL:automatic set of all bones of embryo OBOL:automatic set of bones of body of embryo OBOL:automatic developmental tissue skeletal system OBOL:automatic embryo skeleton system OBOL:automatic skeletal system of embryo OBOL:automatic developmental tissue skeleton OBOL:automatic embryo set of all bones OBOL:automatic embryo set of bones of body OBOL:automatic developmental tissue set of all bones A skeletal system that is part of a embryo [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skeleton system of developmental tissue OBOL:automatic developmental tissue set of bones of body skeleton of upper jaw A subdivision of skeleton that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. AAO:0000622 EHDAA2:0002128 EHDAA:8041 EMAPA:17927 UBERON:0003277 VHOG:0000429 palatoquadrate arch subdivision of skeleton subdivision of skeleton of palatoquadrate arch subdivision of skeleton of upper jaw uberon upper jaw subdivision of skeleton OBOL:automatic subdivision of skeleton of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic upper jaw subdivision of skeleton OBOL:automatic subdivision of skeleton of upper jaw A subdivision of skeleton that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch subdivision of skeleton skeleton of lower jaw A subdivision of skeleton that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. AAO:0000274 EHDAA2:0004606 EHDAA:8005 EMAPA:17910 UBERON:0003278 VHOG:0000428 lower jaw subdivision of skeleton subdivision of skeleton of lower jaw subdivision of skeleton of ventral mandibular arch uberon ventral mandibular arch subdivision of skeleton EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic subdivision of skeleton of lower jaw OBOL:automatic lower jaw subdivision of skeleton OBOL:automatic subdivision of skeleton of ventral mandibular arch A subdivision of skeleton that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch subdivision of skeleton endothelium of trachea EHDAA:3082 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002068 UBERON:0003279 endothelium of windpipe trachea endothelium uberon windpipe endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of windpipe OBOL:automatic windpipe endothelium OBOL:automatic trachea endothelium endothelium of main bronchus An endothelium that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. EHDAA:3076 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001046 UBERON:0003280 bronchus principalis endothelium endothelium of bronchus principalis endothelium of primary bronchus endothelium of principal bronchus main bronchus endothelium primary bronchus endothelium principal bronchus endothelium uberon OBOL:automatic primary bronchus endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic principal bronchus endothelium OBOL:automatic main bronchus endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic endothelium of principal bronchus An endothelium that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis endothelium mesentery of stomach EHDAA2:0001922 EHDAA:2999 EMAPA:17024 EMAPA:18902 MA:0001617 SCTID:261623000 The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. UBERON:0003281 VHOG:0000358 mesentery of ventriculus mesogaster mesogastium mesogastrium stomach mesentery todo - check primitive vs developed uberon ventriculus mesentery The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium MA http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium mesogaster http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html mesogastrium MA:0001617 mesogastium Obol:obol stomach mesentery MA OBOL:automatic ventriculus mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of ventriculus mesentery of heart A mesentery that is part of a heart [Obol]. EHDAA:432 EMAPA:16212 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000739 UBERON:0003282 VHOG:0000353 heart mesentery uberon OBOL:automatic heart mesentery A mesentery that is part of a heart [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesentery of oesophagus A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001288 EHDAA:2943 EMAPA:16836 EMAPA:18864 MA:0001569 UBERON:0003283 VHOG:0000415 esophagus mesentery gullet mesentery mesentery of esophagus mesentery of gullet oesophagus mesentery uberon OBOL:automatic gullet mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of esophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus mesentery A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic esophagus mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of gullet mesentery of midgut A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001202 EHDAA:3031 EMAPA:16721 EMAPA:17039 EMAPA:17045 EMAPA:17197 UBERON:0003284 VHOG:0000413 midgut mesentery uberon OBOL:automatic midgut mesentery A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic limb of embryo A limb that is part of a embryo [Obol]. EHDAA:1697 EMAPA:16405 UBERON:0003285 developmental tissue limb embryo limb embryonic limb limb of developmental tissue uberon OBOL:automatic limb of developmental tissue A limb that is part of a embryo [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic embryo limb OBOL:automatic developmental tissue limb OBOL:automatic embryonic limb duodenum of foregut A duodenum that is part of a foregut [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000560 EHDAA:3830 EMAPA:17178 UBERON:0003286 foregut duodenum uberon A duodenum that is part of a foregut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foregut duodenum duodenum of midgut A duodenum that is part of a midgut [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001189 EHDAA:3937 EMAPA:17193 UBERON:0003287 midgut duodenum uberon OBOL:automatic midgut duodenum A duodenum that is part of a midgut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic meninx of midbrain A meninx that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001174 EHDAA:3708 EMAPA:17791 MA:0001058 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001109 UBERON:0003288 VHOG:0000012 meninges of midbrain midbrain meninges midbrain meninx uberon OBOL:automatic midbrain meninx OBOL:automatic midbrain meninges A meninx that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic meninges of midbrain meninx of telencephalon A meninx that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001990 EHDAA:5476 EMAPA:17774 MA:0000979 UBERON:0003289 VHOG:0000010 meninges of telencephalon telencephalon meninges telencephalon meninx uberon OBOL:automatic telencephalon meninx OBOL:automatic telencephalon meninges OBOL:automatic meninges of telencephalon A meninx that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic meninx of diencephalon A meninx that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000399 EHDAA:5458 EMAPA:17764 MA:0000826 UBERON:0003290 VHOG:0000009 between brain meninges between brain meninx diencephalon meninges diencephalon meninx interbrain meninges interbrain meninx mature diencephalon meninges mature diencephalon meninx meninges of between brain meninges of diencephalon meninges of interbrain meninges of mature diencephalon meninx of between brain meninx of interbrain meninx of mature diencephalon uberon OBOL:automatic diencephalon meninges OBOL:automatic meninges of between brain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon meninges OBOL:automatic meninx of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon meninx OBOL:automatic meninges of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic meninx of between brain OBOL:automatic meninges of diencephalon OBOL:automatic meninx of interbrain OBOL:automatic between brain meninges A meninx that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic meninges of interbrain OBOL:automatic diencephalon meninx OBOL:automatic interbrain meninx OBOL:automatic between brain meninx OBOL:automatic interbrain meninges meninx of hindbrain A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000770 EHDAA:3688 EMAPA:17783 MA:0000987 UBERON:0003291 VHOG:0000011 hindbrain meninges hindbrain meninx meninges of hindbrain uberon definitional OBOL:automatic hindbrain meninx OBOL:automatic hindbrain meninges A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic meninges of hindbrain meninx of spinal cord A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001895 EHDAA:2865 EMAPA:17804 MA:0001130 SCTID:181097002 UBERON:0003292 VHOG:0000443 menines of spinal cord meninges of spinal cord ncithesaurus:Spinal_Meninges spinal cord meninges spinal cord meninx spinal meninges spinal meninx uberon A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic spinal cord meninx spinal meninges OBOL:automatic meninges of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord meninges menines of spinal cord gland of oral region A gland that is part of a oral opening [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001327 EHDAA:2181 EMAPA:16572 EMAPA:16723 UBERON:0003293 VHOG:0000652 gland of oral opening gland of oral part of face gland of subdivision of mouth oral opening gland oral part of face gland oral region gland subdivision of mouth gland uberon OBOL:automatic gland of oral opening OBOL:automatic gland of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth gland A gland that is part of a oral opening [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic oral opening gland OBOL:automatic oral part of face gland OBOL:automatic gland of oral part of face OBOL:automatic oral region gland gland of foregut A gland that is part of a foregut [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000567 EHDAA:950 EMAPA:16557 UBERON:0003294 VHOG:0000650 foregut gland uberon OBOL:automatic foregut gland A gland that is part of a foregut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pharyngeal gland BTO:0004849 EHDAA2:0001461 EHDAA:2967 FMA:55075 Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. UBERON:0003295 glandulae pharyngeae pharynx gland uberon BTO:0004849 glandulae pharyngeae EHDAA2:0001461 pharynx gland BTO Biology-Online_Dictionary:http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/ Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. gland of diencephalon A gland that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000395 EHDAA:4475 EMAPA:16646 EMAPA:16897 UBERON:0003296 VHOG:0000653 between brain gland diencephalon gland gland of between brain gland of interbrain gland of mature diencephalon interbrain gland mature diencephalon gland uberon A gland that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic interbrain gland OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon gland OBOL:automatic gland of interbrain OBOL:automatic diencephalon gland OBOL:automatic gland of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic gland of between brain OBOL:automatic between brain gland gland of integumental system A gland that is part of a integumental system [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000837 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:17758 MA:0000144 UBERON:0003297 VHOG:0000654 integumental system gland uberon A gland that is part of a integumental system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic integumental system gland roof plate of neural tube A roof plate that is part of a neural tube [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001270 EHDAA:2891 EHDAA:916 EMAPA:16168 EMAPA:16535 TAO:0001436 UBERON:0003298 VHOG:0000303 ZFA:0001436 neural tube roof plate neural tube roofplate roof plate neural tube region roofplate of neural tube uberon OBOL:automatic roofplate of neural tube OBOL:automatic neural tube roof plate ZFA:0001436 roof plate neural tube region OBOL:automatic neural tube roofplate A roof plate that is part of a neural tube [Obol]. OBOL:automatic roof plate of midbrain A roof plate that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001177 EHDAA:3712 EMAPA:16981 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001111 TAO:0000355 UBERON:0003299 VHOG:0000772 ZFA:0000355 midbrain roof plate midbrain roofplate roof plate midbrain region roofplate of midbrain uberon OBOL:automatic midbrain roofplate A roof plate that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic ZFA:0000355 roof plate midbrain region OBOL:automatic midbrain roof plate OBOL:automatic roofplate of midbrain roof plate of telencephalon A roof plate that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001994 EHDAA:3512 EMAPA:16657 UBERON:0003300 VHOG:0000774 roofplate of telencephalon telencephalon roof plate telencephalon roofplate uberon OBOL:automatic roofplate of telencephalon A roof plate that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic telencephalon roof plate OBOL:automatic telencephalon roofplate roof plate of diencephalon A roof plate that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000402 EHDAA:1979 EHDAA:2657 EHDAA:3494 EMAPA:16651 EMAPA:16909 TAO:0001358 UBERON:0003301 VHOG:0000771 ZFA:0001358 between brain roof plate between brain roofplate diencephalon roof plate diencephalon roofplate interbrain roof plate interbrain roofplate mature diencephalon roof plate mature diencephalon roofplate roof plate diencephalic region roof plate of between brain roof plate of interbrain roof plate of mature diencephalon roofplate of between brain roofplate of diencephalon roofplate of interbrain roofplate of mature diencephalon uberon OBOL:automatic interbrain roofplate ZFA:0001358 roof plate diencephalic region OBOL:automatic interbrain roof plate OBOL:automatic diencephalon roof plate OBOL:automatic between brain roofplate OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon roofplate OBOL:automatic between brain roof plate OBOL:automatic roof plate of interbrain OBOL:automatic roofplate of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic roof plate of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic roofplate of interbrain OBOL:automatic roofplate of diencephalon OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon roof plate OBOL:automatic roof plate of between brain OBOL:automatic roofplate of between brain OBOL:automatic diencephalon roofplate A roof plate that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic roof plate of metencephalon A roof plate that is part of a metencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001160 EHDAA:5524 EMAPA:17098 EMAPA:17105 UBERON:0003302 VHOG:0000770 epencephalon-2 roof plate epencephalon-2 roofplate metencephalon roof plate metencephalon roofplate roof plate of epencephalon-2 roofplate of epencephalon-2 roofplate of metencephalon uberon OBOL:automatic roof plate of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 roof plate A roof plate that is part of a metencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 roofplate OBOL:automatic metencephalon roof plate OBOL:automatic roofplate of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic roofplate of metencephalon OBOL:automatic metencephalon roofplate roof plate of medulla oblongata A roof plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001099 EHDAA:7614 UBERON:0003303 VHOG:0000776 bulb roof plate bulb roofplate medulla oblongata roof plate medulla oblongata roofplate medulla oblonmgata roof plate medulla oblonmgata roofplate metepencephalon roof plate metepencephalon roofplate roof plate of bulb roof plate of medulla oblonmgata roof plate of metepencephalon roofplate of bulb roofplate of medulla oblongata roofplate of medulla oblonmgata roofplate of metepencephalon uberon OBOL:automatic roofplate of bulb OBOL:automatic roof plate of bulb OBOL:automatic bulb roofplate A roof plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic roof plate of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic roofplate of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata roofplate OBOL:automatic roofplate of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata roof plate OBOL:automatic metepencephalon roofplate OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata roof plate OBOL:automatic roofplate of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic bulb roof plate OBOL:automatic roof plate of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata roofplate OBOL:automatic metepencephalon roof plate blood island of mesoderm A blood island that is part of a mesoderm [Obol]. EHDAA2:0003241 EHDAA:170 EMAPA:16115 UBERON:0003304 mesoderm blood island uberon OBOL:automatic mesoderm blood island A blood island that is part of a mesoderm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic blood island of mesenchyme A blood island that is part of a mesenchyme [Obol]. EHDAA:207 EMAPA:16268 UBERON:0003305 mesenchyme blood island uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme blood island A blood island that is part of a mesenchyme [Obol]. OBOL:automatic floor plate of neural tube A floor plate that is part of a neural tube [Obol]. EFO:0003688 EHDAA2:0001256 EHDAA:2871 EHDAA:910 EMAPA:16165 EMAPA:16531 Note that although 'floor plate' is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the floor plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. We introduce this class for the neural tube specific structure TAO:0001434 UBERON:0003306 VHOG:0000300 ZFA:0001434 floor plate neural tube floorplate of neural tube neural tube floor plate neural tube floorplate uberon A floor plate that is part of a neural tube [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic neural tube floor plate OBOL:automatic neural tube floorplate ZFA:0001434 floor plate neural tube OBOL:automatic floorplate of neural tube floor plate of midbrain A floor plate that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001164 EHDAA:3698 EMAPA:16975 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001106 TAO:0002196 UBERON:0003307 VHOG:0000780 ZFA:0001677 floor plate midbrain region floorplate of midbrain midbrain floor plate midbrain floorplate uberon ZFA:0001677 floor plate midbrain region OBOL:automatic midbrain floor plate A floor plate that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic floorplate of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain floorplate floor plate of telencephalon A floor plate that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001983 EHDAA:3498 EMAPA:16655 TAO:0000914 UBERON:0003308 VHOG:0000783 ZFA:0000914 floor plate telencephalic region floorplate of telencephalon floorplate telencephalon telencephalon floor plate telencephalon floorplate uberon OBOL:automatic floorplate of telencephalon ZFA:0000914 floor plate telencephalic region A floor plate that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic telencephalon floor plate ZFA:0000914 floorplate telencephalon OBOL:automatic telencephalon floorplate floor plate of diencephalon A floor plate that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000388 EHDAA:1975 EHDAA:2651 EHDAA:3480 EMAPA:16645 EMAPA:16903 TAO:0000871 UBERON:0003309 VHOG:0000782 ZFA:0000871 between brain floor plate between brain floorplate diencephalon floor plate diencephalon floorplate floor plate diencephalic region floor plate of between brain floor plate of interbrain floor plate of mature diencephalon floorplate diencephalon floorplate of between brain floorplate of diencephalon floorplate of interbrain floorplate of mature diencephalon interbrain floor plate interbrain floorplate mature diencephalon floor plate mature diencephalon floorplate uberon OBOL:automatic interbrain floor plate OBOL:automatic floor plate of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic diencephalon floorplate ZFA:0000871 floorplate diencephalon OBOL:automatic between brain floorplate OBOL:automatic floor plate of between brain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon floorplate OBOL:automatic floorplate of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic interbrain floorplate OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon floor plate A floor plate that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic floorplate of diencephalon OBOL:automatic floorplate of between brain OBOL:automatic between brain floor plate OBOL:automatic floor plate of interbrain ZFA:0000871 floor plate diencephalic region OBOL:automatic diencephalon floor plate OBOL:automatic floorplate of interbrain floor plate of metencephalon A floor plate that is part of a metencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001158 EHDAA:5500 EMAPA:17093 EMAPA:17100 EMAPA:17258 UBERON:0003310 VHOG:0000784 epencephalon-2 floor plate epencephalon-2 floorplate floor plate of epencephalon-2 floorplate of epencephalon-2 floorplate of metencephalon metencephalon floor plate metencephalon floorplate uberon A floor plate that is part of a metencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 floorplate OBOL:automatic floor plate of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic floorplate of metencephalon OBOL:automatic metencephalon floorplate OBOL:automatic floorplate of epencephalon-2 OBOL:automatic metencephalon floor plate OBOL:automatic epencephalon-2 floor plate floor plate of medulla oblongata A floor plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001097 EHDAA:7590 EMAPA:17551 UBERON:0003311 VHOG:0000786 bulb floor plate bulb floorplate floor plate of bulb floor plate of medulla oblonmgata floor plate of metepencephalon floorplate of bulb floorplate of medulla oblongata floorplate of medulla oblonmgata floorplate of metepencephalon medulla oblongata floor plate medulla oblongata floorplate medulla oblonmgata floor plate medulla oblonmgata floorplate metepencephalon floor plate metepencephalon floorplate uberon OBOL:automatic bulb floorplate OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata floor plate OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata floorplate OBOL:automatic floorplate of bulb OBOL:automatic metepencephalon floorplate OBOL:automatic metepencephalon floor plate OBOL:automatic floorplate of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic floor plate of medulla oblonmgata OBOL:automatic bulb floor plate OBOL:automatic medulla oblonmgata floor plate OBOL:automatic floorplate of medulla oblongata OBOL:automatic floor plate of metepencephalon OBOL:automatic medulla oblongata floorplate OBOL:automatic floor plate of bulb OBOL:automatic floorplate of metepencephalon A floor plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of testis A mesenchyme that is part of a testis [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002010 EHDAA:8150 UBERON:0003312 VHOG:0001442 testis mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a testis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic testis mesenchyme eye mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000485 EHDAA:2910 EMAPA:16324 EMAPA:16673 EMAPA:17833 EMAPA:17836 UBERON:0003314 VHOG:0001084 mesenchyme of eye todo - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of eye EHDAA2 mesenchyme of ovary A mesenchyme that is part of a ovary [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001362 EHDAA:8128 UBERON:0003315 VHOG:0001441 female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system ovary mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a ovary [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic ovary mesenchyme OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme OBOL:automatic gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme of yolk sac A mesenchyme that is part of a yolk sac [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002216 EHDAA:205 EMAPA:16267 UBERON:0003316 VHOG:0000503 uberon yolk sac mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a yolk sac [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic yolk sac mesenchyme mesenchyme of incisor A mesenchyme that is part of a incisor tooth [Obol]. EHDAA:8015 EHDAA:8051 EMAPA:17920 EMAPA:17941 UBERON:0003317 incisor mesenchyme incisor tooth mesenchyme mesenchyme of incisor tooth uberon OBOL:automatic incisor tooth mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a incisor tooth [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic incisor mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of incisor tooth mesenchyme of elbow A mesenchyme that is part of a elbow [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000432 EHDAA:4170 EHDAA:6216 EMAPA:17416 UBERON:0003318 VHOG:0001075 cubital region mesenchyme elbow mesenchyme mesenchyme of cubital region uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of cubital region OBOL:automatic cubital region mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a elbow [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic elbow mesenchyme mesenchyme of carpal region EHDAA2:0000220 EHDAA:5200 EMAPA:18485 Mesenchyme of the carpal region that conributes to the carpal skeleton. UBERON:0003319 carpal region mesenchyme carpus mesenchyme mesenchyme of wrist uberon wrist mesenchyme Mesenchyme of the carpal region that conributes to the carpal skeleton. UBERON:cjm OBOL:automatic carpus mesenchyme OBOL:automatic wrist mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of wrist OBOL:automatic carpal region mesenchyme mesenchyme of hip A mesenchyme that is part of a hip [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000786 EHDAA:5157 EHDAA:6182 EMAPA:17492 UBERON:0003320 VHOG:0001029 hip mesenchyme hip region mesenchyme mesenchyme of hip region mesenchyme of regio coxae regio coxae mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of hip region OBOL:automatic hip mesenchyme OBOL:automatic hip region mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a hip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of regio coxae OBOL:automatic regio coxae mesenchyme mesenchyme of knee A mesenchyme that is part of a knee [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000898 EHDAA:5163 EHDAA:6188 EMAPA:17495 UBERON:0003321 VHOG:0001070 knee mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic knee mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a knee [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of shoulder A mesenchyme that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001837 EHDAA:4184 EHDAA:6232 EMAPA:17423 UBERON:0003322 VHOG:0001035 shoulder mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic shoulder mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of upper jaw A mesenchyme that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002124 EHDAA:8031 EMAPA:17929 UBERON:0003323 VHOG:0001099 mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme uberon upper jaw mesenchyme OBOL:automatic upper jaw mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch A mesenchyme that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme mesenchyme of lower jaw A mesenchyme that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001024 EHDAA:8003 EMAPA:17916 UBERON:0003324 VHOG:0001069 lower jaw mesenchyme mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch uberon ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lower jaw mesenchyme mesenchyme of pinna A mesenchyme that is part of a pinna [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001469 EHDAA:8981 EMAPA:17591 UBERON:0003325 VHOG:0000747 auricle mesenchyme auricle of ear mesenchyme auricle of external ear mesenchyme auricula (auris externa) mesenchyme auricula mesenchyme mesenchyme of auricle mesenchyme of auricle of ear mesenchyme of auricle of external ear mesenchyme of auricula mesenchyme of auricula (auris externa) mesenchyme of pinna of ear pinna mesenchyme pinna of ear mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of pinna of ear OBOL:automatic pinna of ear mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricula OBOL:automatic auricle mesenchyme OBOL:automatic auricula (auris externa) mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricula (auris externa) A mesenchyme that is part of a pinna [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic auricle of external ear mesenchyme OBOL:automatic auricle of ear mesenchyme OBOL:automatic auricula mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricle of ear OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricle of external ear OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricle OBOL:automatic pinna mesenchyme mesenchyme of mammary gland EHDAA2:0001058 EHDAA:6528 EMAPA:17761 UBERON:0003326 VHOG:0001087 lactiferous gland mesenchyme lobe of breast mesenchyme lobe of mammary gland mesenchyme mammary gland mesenchyme mammary mesenchyme mesenchyme of lactiferous gland mesenchyme of lobe of breast mesenchyme of lobe of mammary gland uberon OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic lobe of breast mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mammary gland mesenchyme mesenchyme of forearm A mesenchyme that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000555 EHDAA:4176 EHDAA:6222 EMAPA:17419 UBERON:0003327 VHOG:0000504 antebrachial region mesenchyme arm middle limb segment mesenchyme arm zeugopod mesenchyme brachial region middle limb segment mesenchyme brachial region zeugopod mesenchyme intermediate segment of free upper limb mesenchyme lower arm mesenchyme lower segment of arm mesenchyme mesenchyme of antebrachial region mesenchyme of arm middle limb segment mesenchyme of arm zeugopod mesenchyme of brachial region middle limb segment mesenchyme of brachial region zeugopod mesenchyme of intermediate segment of free upper limb mesenchyme of lower arm mesenchyme of lower segment of arm mesenchyme of middle limb segment of arm mesenchyme of middle limb segment of brachial region mesenchyme of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb mesenchyme of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment mesenchyme of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod mesenchyme of zeugopod of arm mesenchyme of zeugopod of brachial region mesenchyme of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment of arm mesenchyme middle limb segment of brachial region mesenchyme middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb mesenchyme proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment mesenchyme proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod mesenchyme uberon zeugopod of arm mesenchyme zeugopod of brachial region mesenchyme zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod mesenchyme OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment mesenchyme OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment mesenchyme EMAPA OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic antebrachial region mesenchyme OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region mesenchyme OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lower arm OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of intermediate segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower arm mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of footplate EHDAA2:0000549 EHDAA:5149 EHDAA:6172 EMAPA:17252 UBERON:0003328 UBERON:0005260 VHOG_RETIRED:0001055 foot plate mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2 submucosa of anal canal A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Obol]. EMAPA:27535 FMA:85399 SCTID:7892006 UBERON:0003329 anal canal submucosa anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa anal region submucosa anatomical anal canal submucosa submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa of anal region submucosa of anatomical anal canal uberon OBOL:automatic submucosa of anal region OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa OBOL:automatic anal canal submucosa OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal submucosa A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic anal region submucosa submucosa of rectum A submucosa that is part of a rectum [Obol]. EMAPA:27083 EMAPA:27323 FMA:15034 SCTID:71683001 UBERON:0003330 rectal submucosa rectum submucosa uberon FMA:15034 rectal submucosa OBOL:automatic rectum submucosa A submucosa that is part of a rectum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of colon A submucosa that is part of a colon [Obol]. EMAPA:27379 FMA:14985 SCTID:61647009 UBERON:0003331 colon submucosa colonic submucosa large bowel submucosa submucosa of large bowel uberon OBOL:automatic large bowel submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of large bowel FMA:14985 colonic submucosa A submucosa that is part of a colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic colon submucosa submucosa of duodenum A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. EMAPA:27239 FMA:14943 SCTID:76519004 UBERON:0003332 doudenal submucosa duodenal submucosa duodenum submucosa uberon A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14943 duodenal submucosa OBOL:automatic duodenum submucosa FMA:14943 doudenal submucosa submucosa of jejunum A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. EMAPA:27111 EMAPA:27351 FMA:14950 SCTID:70192009 UBERON:0003333 jejunal submucosa jejunum submucosa uberon FMA:14950 jejunal submucosa A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic jejunum submucosa serosa of rectum A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Obol]. EMAPA:27087 EMAPA:27331 FMA:15039 UBERON:0003334 rectal serosa rectum serosa rectum serous membrane serous membrane of rectum uberon visceral peritoneum of rectum OBOL:automatic rectum serosa A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic serous membrane of rectum OBOL:automatic rectum serous membrane FMA:15039 visceral peritoneum of rectum FMA:15039 rectal serosa serosa of colon A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Obol]. EMAPA:27387 FMA:14990 SCTID:90132000 UBERON:0003335 colon serosa colon serous membrane colonic serosa large bowel serosa large bowel serous membrane serosa of large bowel serous membrane of colon serous membrane of large bowel uberon visceral peritoneum of colon OBOL:automatic colon serous membrane FMA:14990 visceral peritoneum of colon A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic colon serosa OBOL:automatic large bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic large bowel serosa OBOL:automatic serosa of large bowel OBOL:automatic serous membrane of colon FMA:14990 colonic serosa OBOL:automatic serous membrane of large bowel serosa of duodenum A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. EMAPA:27247 FMA:14948 SCTID:1236009 UBERON:0003336 doudenal serosa duodenal serosa duodenum serosa duodenum serous membrane serous membrane of duodenum uberon visceral peritoneum of duodenum OBOL:automatic duodenum serous membrane FMA:14948 doudenal serosa FMA:14948 visceral peritoneum of duodenum OBOL:automatic duodenum serosa A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic serous membrane of duodenum FMA:14948 duodenal serosa serosa of jejunum A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. EMAPA:27115 EMAPA:27359 FMA:14955 UBERON:0003337 jejunal serosa jejunum serosa jejunum serous membrane serous membrane of jejunum uberon visceral peritoneum of jejunum OBOL:automatic jejunum serosa OBOL:automatic serous membrane of jejunum OBOL:automatic jejunum serous membrane FMA:14955 visceral peritoneum of jejunum A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14955 jejunal serosa ganglion of peripheral nervous system A ganglion that is part of a peripheral nervous system [Obol]. BTO:0001123 EMAPA:18371 EV:0100372 MA:0001161 UBERON:0003338 peripheral nervous system ganglion uberon OBOL:automatic peripheral nervous system ganglion A ganglion that is part of a peripheral nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic ganglion of central nervous system A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000227 EMAPA:16658 FMA:83843 UBERON:0003339 central nervous system ganglion ganglion of neuraxis neuraxis ganglion this has no subclasses in FMA. In EHDAA2 it has only the cranial ganglia uberon OBOL:automatic ganglion of neuraxis OBOL:automatic central nervous system ganglion A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic neuraxis ganglion urethra of urogenital sinus EMAPA:30891 UBERON:0003340 true uberon urethra of urinary system EMAPA:30901 UBERON:0003341 true uberon mucosa of anal canal A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Obol]. EMAPA:27531 FMA:74654 SCTID:362170004 UBERON:0003342 anal canal mucosa anal canal mucosa of organ anal canal mucous membrane anal canal organ mucosa anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa anal mucosa anal mucous membrane anal region mucosa anal region mucosa of organ anal region mucous membrane anal region organ mucosa anatomical anal canal mucosa anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ anatomical anal canal mucous membrane anatomical anal canal organ mucosa mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of anal region mucosa of anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ of anal canal mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ of anal region mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal mucous membrane of anal canal mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane of anal region mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal ncithesaurus:Anal_Mucosa organ mucosa of anal canal organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa of anal region organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal uberon OBOL:automatic anal canal mucous membrane FMA:74654 anal mucosa OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anal region OBOL:automatic mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically FMA:74654 anal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anal canal OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic anal canal mucosa OBOL:automatic anal region mucosa OBOL:automatic anal region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa OBOL:automatic anal region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal organ mucosa OBOL:automatic anal region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic anal canal mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anal canal OBOL:automatic anal canal organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of anal region OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anal region OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anal canal OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anal region mucosa of oral region A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Obol]. EMAPA:26937 UBERON:0003343 mucosa of oral opening mucosa of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral opening mucosa of organ of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral region mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth mucosa of subdivision of mouth mucous membrane of oral opening mucous membrane of oral part of face mucous membrane of oral region mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth oral opening mucosa oral opening mucosa of organ oral opening mucous membrane oral opening organ mucosa oral part of face mucosa oral part of face mucosa of organ oral part of face mucous membrane oral part of face organ mucosa oral region mucosa oral region mucosa of organ oral region mucous membrane oral region organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral opening organ mucosa of oral part of face organ mucosa of oral region organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth subdivision of mouth mucosa subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ subdivision of mouth mucous membrane subdivision of mouth organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic mucosa of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral part of face OBOL:automatic oral part of face organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral part of face OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucosa OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral region OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth organ mucosa OBOL:automatic oral region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral opening mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral opening mucosa OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral opening OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral region OBOL:automatic oral opening organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic oral region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic oral opening mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral part of face OBOL:automatic oral region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral part of face OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral region OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral opening OBOL:automatic oral region mucosa mucosa of rectum A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Obol]. EMAPA:27081 EMAPA:27319 FMA:15033 SCTID:362167003 UBERON:0003346 mucosa of organ of rectum mucous membrane of rectum organ mucosa of rectum rectal mucosa rectal mucous membrane rectum mucosa rectum mucosa of organ rectum mucous membrane rectum organ mucosa uberon FMA:15033 rectal mucosa OBOL:automatic rectum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic rectum mucosa A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic rectum organ mucosa FMA:15033 rectal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic rectum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of rectum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of rectum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of rectum epithelium of mucosa A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 EMAPA:18668 EMAPA:18835 EMAPA:18857 EMAPA:18862 EMAPA:18868 EMAPA:18893 EMAPA:18899 EMAPA:18912 EMAPA:18917 EMAPA:18927 EMAPA:18934 EMAPA:18941 EMAPA:19078 EMAPA:26961 EMAPA:26985 EMAPA:27019 EMAPA:27033 EMAPA:27047 EMAPA:27061 EMAPA:27075 EMAPA:27089 EMAPA:27103 EMAPA:27131 EMAPA:27145 EMAPA:27159 EMAPA:27175 EMAPA:27191 EMAPA:27207 EMAPA:27219 EMAPA:27229 EMAPA:27307 UBERON:0003350 lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae uberon BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosae A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosa pharyngeal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. EMAPA:16708 MA:0002725 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001460 TAO:0001174 UBERON:0003351 XAO:0003202 ZFA:0001174 epithelial tissue of pharynx epithelium of pharynx pharynx epithelial tissue pharynx epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx epithelium ZFA An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pharynx epithelial tissue ZFA ZFA OBOL:automatic epithelium of pharynx epithelium of midgut BTO:0005053 EHDAA2:0001195 EMAPA:16569 UBERON:0003352 epithelial tissue of midgut midgut epithelial tissue midgut epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of midgut BTO OBOL:automatic midgut epithelium OBOL:automatic midgut epithelial tissue BTO:0005053 midgut epithelium epithelium of hindgut An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000782 EMAPA:16717 UBERON:0003353 epithelial tissue of hindgut hindgut epithelial tissue hindgut epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic hindgut epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of hindgut OBOL:automatic hindgut epithelium An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epithelium of rectum An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001594 EMAPA:17898 FMA:17510 UBERON:0003354 VHOG:0001037 WBbt:0005800 epithelial tissue of rectum rectal epithelium rectum epithelial tissue rectum epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic rectum epithelial tissue FMA:17510 rectal epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of rectum OBOL:automatic rectum epithelium An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epithelium of incisor An epithelium that is part of a incisor tooth [Obol]. EMAPA:17919 EMAPA:17940 UBERON:0003355 epithelial tissue of incisor epithelial tissue of incisor tooth epithelium of incisor tooth incisor epithelial tissue incisor epithelium incisor tooth epithelial tissue incisor tooth epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of incisor tooth An epithelium that is part of a incisor tooth [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic incisor epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic incisor tooth epithelium OBOL:automatic incisor tooth epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of incisor tooth OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of incisor OBOL:automatic incisor epithelium epithelium of nasal septum An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. EMAPA:18442 UBERON:0003356 epithelial tissue of nasal septum nasal septum epithelial tissue nasal septum epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nasal septum An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nasal septum epithelium OBOL:automatic nasal septum epithelial tissue epithelium of tongue An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Obol]. BTO:0000992 EHDAA2:0004598 EMAPA:17881 EMAPA:18872 MA:0001592 UBERON:0003357 epithelial tissue of tongue examples: tongue squamous epithelium, keratined, non-keratinized and parakeratinized epithelium, as well as gustatory epithelium. Note that not all these subtypes are named in individual anatomy ontologies. lingual epithelium ncithesaurus:Tongue_Epithelium tongue epithelial tissue tongue epithelium uberon An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of tongue BTO:0000992 lingual epithelium OBOL:automatic tongue epithelium OBOL:automatic tongue epithelial tissue epithelium of soft palate An epithelium that is part of a soft palate [Obol]. EMAPA:18950 UBERON:0003358 epithelial tissue of soft palate soft palate epithelial tissue soft palate epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of soft palate OBOL:automatic soft palate epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic soft palate epithelium An epithelium that is part of a soft palate [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epithelium of submandibular gland An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland [Obol]. BTO:0004557 EMAPA:18813 UBERON:0003359 VHOG:0000989 epithelial tissue of submandibular gland submandibular gland duct epithelium submandibular gland epithelial tissue submandibular gland epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic submandibular gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic submandibular gland epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of submandibular gland BTO:0004557 submandibular gland duct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epithelium of parotid gland An epithelium that is part of a parotid gland [Obol]. BTO:0004555 EMAPA:18538 UBERON:0003360 VHOG:0001434 epithelial tissue of parotid gland epithelium of parotid epithelium of parotid gland parotid epithelial tissue parotid epithelium parotid gland duct epithelium parotid gland epithelial tissue parotid gland epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic parotid epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of parotid gland An epithelium that is part of a parotid gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic parotid gland epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of parotid gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of parotid OBOL:automatic parotid gland epithelial tissue BTO:0004555 parotid gland duct epithelium OBOL:automatic parotid epithelial tissue epithelium of sublingual gland An epithelium that is part of a sublingual gland [Obol]. BTO:0004559 EMAPA:18810 Rivinus'gland epithelial tissue Rivinus'gland epithelium UBERON:0003361 VHOG:0001098 ductus sublingualis epithelial tissue ductus sublingualis epithelium epithelial tissue of Rivinus'gland epithelial tissue of ductus sublingualis epithelial tissue of sublingual gland epithelium of Rivinus'gland epithelium of ductus sublingualis sublingual gland duct epithelium sublingual gland epithelial tissue sublingual gland epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic Rivinus'gland epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of ductus sublingualis OBOL:automatic ductus sublingualis epithelial tissue BTO:0004559 sublingual gland duct epithelium OBOL:automatic ductus sublingualis epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of Rivinus'gland OBOL:automatic Rivinus'gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of sublingual gland OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ductus sublingualis An epithelium that is part of a sublingual gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic sublingual gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic sublingual gland epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of Rivinus'gland epithelium of endolymphatic duct An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic duct [Obol]. EMAPA:18582 UBERON:0003362 endolymphatic duct epithelial tissue endolymphatic duct epithelium epithelial tissue of endolymphatic duct uberon OBOL:automatic endolymphatic duct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic endolymphatic duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of endolymphatic duct epithelium of ductus reuniens An epithelium that is part of a ductus reuniens [Obol]. EMAPA:17289 UBERON:0003363 ductus reuniens epithelial tissue ductus reuniens epithelium epithelial tissue of ductus reuniens uberon OBOL:automatic ductus reuniens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ductus reuniens An epithelium that is part of a ductus reuniens [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ductus reuniens epithelium epithelium of right lung An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Obol]. EMAPA:17663 UBERON:0003364 epithelial tissue of right lung right lung epithelial tissue right lung epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of right lung OBOL:automatic right lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic right lung epithelium An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epithelium of left lung An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Obol]. EMAPA:17655 UBERON:0003365 epithelial tissue of left lung left lung epithelial tissue left lung epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic left lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of left lung OBOL:automatic left lung epithelium An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epithelium of uterine horn An epithelium that is part of a uterine horn [Obol]. EMAPA:29030 UBERON:0003366 epithelial tissue of uterine horn uberon uterine horn epithelial tissue uterine horn epithelium An epithelium that is part of a uterine horn [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of uterine horn OBOL:automatic uterine horn epithelium OBOL:automatic uterine horn epithelial tissue epithelium of vomeronasal organ An epithelium that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004102 EMAPA:18444 Jacobson's organ epithelial tissue Jacobson's organ epithelium MA:0001328 UBERON:0003367 epithelial tissue of Jacobson's organ epithelial tissue of vomeronasal organ epithelium of Jacobson's organ uberon vomeronasal epithelium vomeronasal organ epithelial tissue vomeronasal organ epithelium vomeronasal organ sensory epithelium Jacobson's organ epithelium OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vomeronasal organ epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of Jacobson's organ EHDAA2:0004102 vomeronasal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vomeronasal organ epithelium EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of vomeronasal organ EHDAA2 MA:0001328 vomeronasal organ sensory epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of Jacobson's organ Jacobson's organ epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of hard palate An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Obol]. EMAPA:18953 UBERON:0003368 epithelial tissue of hard palate hard palate epithelial tissue hard palate epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of hard palate OBOL:automatic hard palate epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic hard palate epithelium An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Obol]. OBOL:automatic fossa ovalis of heart FMA:9246 Found in the right atrium of the heart, the fossa ovalis is an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, which normally closes shortly after birth. In a heart specimen of a neonate, the fossa ovalis is translucent, but later in life the membrane thickens. SCTID:277719009 UBERON:0003369 fossa ovalis oval fossa uberon FMA:9246 oval fossa FMA:9246 fossa ovalis FMA Found in the right atrium of the heart, the fossa ovalis is an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, which normally closes shortly after birth. In a heart specimen of a neonate, the fossa ovalis is translucent, but later in life the membrane thickens. Wikipedia:Fossa_ovalis_(heart) Wikipedia pelvic appendage bud ectoderm EHDAA2:0001034 EMAPA:17254 UBERON:0003371 UBERON:0005232 VHOG:0001048 hindlimb bud ectoderm hindlimb ectoderm hindlimb ectoderm leg ectoderm lower limb bud ectoderm pelvic fin bud ectoderm uberon OBOL:automatic leg ectoderm pelvic fin bud ectoderm VHOG:0001048 hindlimb ectoderm hindlimb bud ectoderm EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0001034 lower limb bud ectoderm VHOG:0001048 hindlimb ectoderm pectoral appendage bud ectoderm EHDAA2:0002134 EMAPA:17243 UBERON:0003372 UBERON:0005231 UBERON:0005663 VHOG:0001047 arm ectoderm forelimb bud ectoderm forelimb ectoderm pectoral fin bud ectoderm uberon upper limb bud ectoderm wing ectoderm pectoral fin bud ectoderm EHDAA2:0002134 upper limb bud ectoderm OBOL:automatic arm ectoderm Geisha:syn wing ectoderm VHOG:0001047 forelimb ectoderm forelimb bud ectoderm ectoderm of footplate EMAPA:17250 UBERON:0003373 uberon chorionic ectoderm EMAPA:16113 UBERON:0003374 chorion ectoderm uberon OBOL:automatic chorion ectoderm ISBN10:0073040584 cardiac muscle of auricular region FMA:84279 UBERON:0003378 auricular region heart muscle cardiac muscle tissue of auricle uberon FMA:84279 cardiac muscle tissue of auricle cardiac muscle of right atrium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004155 EMAPA:17326 FMA:7282 UBERON:0003379 VHOG:0001227 cardiac muscle muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle of heart right atrium cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle tissue cardiac right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue cardiac right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis cardiac right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue cardiac right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis cardiac right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue cardiac right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium cardiac right atrium myocardium muscle tissue cardiac right atrium myocardium textus muscularis cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium heart muscle muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue of heart right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue of right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue of right atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of heart right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of right atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of heart right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of heart right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium heart right atrium cardiac muscle heart right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue heart right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis heart right atrium cardiac muscle tissue heart right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue heart right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis heart right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue heart right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis heart right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue heart right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis heart right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium heart right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart heart right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium heart right atrium myocardium muscle tissue heart right atrium myocardium textus muscularis heart right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium heart right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart heart right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium muscle of heart muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue of heart right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue of right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue of right atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of heart right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of right atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of heart right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle of right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of heart right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of heart right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of right atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium of right cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium myocardium muscle tissue of heart right atrium myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium myocardium textus muscularis of heart right atrium myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium right atrium cardiac muscle right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis right atrium cardiac muscle tissue right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium right atrium myocardium muscle tissue right atrium myocardium textus muscularis right atrium of heart cardiac muscle right atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue right atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis right atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue right atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue right atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis right atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue right atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis right atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue right atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis right atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium right atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart right atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium right atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue right atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis right atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium right atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart right atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue right cardiac atrium heart muscle muscle tissue right cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis right cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue right cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis right cardiac atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue right cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium right cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue right cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of heart right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle of right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of heart right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of heart right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium uberon OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic heart right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart right atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic right atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of right atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart right atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of right atrium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart right atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic heart right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic right atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium OBOL:automatic right atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle of left atrium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004154 EMAPA:17320 FMA:7285 UBERON:0003380 VHOG:0001225 cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue cardiac left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue cardiac left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis cardiac left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue cardiac left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis cardiac left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue cardiac left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium cardiac left atrium myocardium muscle tissue cardiac left atrium myocardium textus muscularis cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium cardiac muscle muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle of heart left atrium cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue of heart left atrium cardiac muscle tissue of left atrium cardiac muscle tissue of left atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium heart left atrium cardiac muscle heart left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue heart left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis heart left atrium cardiac muscle tissue heart left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue heart left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis heart left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue heart left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis heart left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue heart left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis heart left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium heart left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart heart left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium heart left atrium myocardium muscle tissue heart left atrium myocardium textus muscularis heart left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium heart left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart heart left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium heart muscle muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue of heart left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue of left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue of left atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of heart left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis of left atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of heart left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of heart left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium left atrium cardiac muscle left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis left atrium cardiac muscle tissue left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium left atrium myocardium muscle tissue left atrium myocardium textus muscularis left atrium of heart cardiac muscle left atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue left atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis left atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue left atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue left atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis left atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue left atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis left atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue left atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis left atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium left atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart left atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium left atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue left atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis left atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium left atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart left atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue left cardiac atrium heart muscle muscle tissue left cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis left cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue left cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis left cardiac atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue left cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium left cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue left cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium muscle of heart muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue of heart left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue of left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue of left atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of heart left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis of left atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of heart left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle of left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle of left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of heart left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of heart left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium of left atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium of left cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium myocardium muscle tissue of heart left atrium myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium myocardium textus muscularis of heart left atrium myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of heart left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle of left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle of left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of heart left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium uberon OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of left atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart left atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic heart left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic left atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic heart left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of left atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left atrium OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left atrium OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic left cardiac atrium heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic heart left atrium myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis cardiac muscle of right ventricle A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]. EMAPA:17342 FMA:83452 UBERON:0003381 VHOG:0001236 right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue uberon GO:0003221 right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of left ventricle A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]. EMAPA:17339 FMA:83453 UBERON:0003382 VHOG:0001234 left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue uberon A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic GO:0003220 left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue cardiac muscle of interventricular septum A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004158 EMAPA:17335 FMA:84084 UBERON:0003383 VHOG:0000999 interventricular septum cardiac muscle interventricular septum heart muscle uberon A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic VHOG:0000999 interventricular septum cardiac muscle EHDAA2:0004158 interventricular septum heart muscle skeletal muscle of pharynx A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. EMAPA:18963 UBERON:0003384 pharynx skeletal muscle pharynx skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx uberon OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pharynx skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic pharynx skeletal muscle skeletal muscle of mesenchyme A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mesenchyme [Obol]. EMAPA:19066 EMAPA:19071 UBERON:0003385 mesenchyme skeletal muscle mesenchyme skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue of mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mesenchyme [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme skeletal muscle tissue smooth muscle of eye A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Obol]. EMAPA:18807 MA:0001268 UBERON:0003386 ocular smooth muscle uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001268 ocular smooth muscle smooth muscle of trachea A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Obol]. BTO:0001391 EMAPA:19192 FMA:262010 MA:0001863 UBERON:0003387 UBERON:0004244 ncithesaurus:Trachea_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue trachea smooth muscle tracheal smooth muscle uberon BTO:0001391 tracheal smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001863 trachea smooth muscle mesothelium of pericardial cavity A mesothelium that is part of a pericardial cavity [Obol]. EMAPA:18449 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001436 UBERON:0003388 cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac pericardial cavity meso-epithelium pericardial cavity mesothelium uberon OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac A mesothelium that is part of a pericardial cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac OBOL:automatic cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium OBOL:automatic pericardial cavity mesothelium OBOL:automatic pericardial cavity meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity OBOL:automatic cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium mesothelium of diaphragm A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Obol]. EMAPA:18429 UBERON:0003389 diaphragm meso-epithelium diaphragm mesothelium meso-epithelium of diaphragm meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium thoracic diaphragm mesothelium uberon OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm OBOL:automatic thoracic diaphragm mesothelium OBOL:automatic mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm OBOL:automatic diaphragm meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of diaphragm OBOL:automatic diaphragm mesothelium OBOL:automatic thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesothelium of pleural cavity A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Obol]. BTO:0003155 EHDAA2:0001476 EMAPA:18463 UBERON:0003390 meso-epithelium of pleural cavity pleural cavity meso-epithelium pleural cavity mesothelium uberon A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pleural cavity mesothelium OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of pleural cavity OBOL:automatic pleural cavity meso-epithelium mesentery of urinary system A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Obol]. EMAPA:17367 UBERON:0003393 excretory system mesentery mesentery of excretory system mesentery of renal system mesentery of systema urinaria renal system mesentery systema urinaria mesentery uberon urinary system mesentery OBOL:automatic systema urinaria mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of excretory system OBOL:automatic urinary system mesentery OBOL:automatic renal system mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of renal system OBOL:automatic mesentery of systema urinaria OBOL:automatic excretory system mesentery A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesentery of hindgut A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Obol]. EMAPA:16718 UBERON:0003394 hindgut mesentery uberon OBOL:automatic hindgut mesentery A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesentery of rectum A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Obol]. EMAPA:18664 EMAPA:18929 UBERON:0003395 rectum mesentery uberon A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic rectum mesentery mesentery of colon A mesentery that is part of a colon [Obol]. EMAPA:18942 FMA:14645 SCTID:245457004 UBERON:0003396 colon mesentery large bowel mesentery large intestinal mesentery mesentery of large bowel mesentery of large intestine uberon FMA:14645 mesentery of large intestine FMA OBOL:automatic colon mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of large bowel OBOL:automatic large bowel mesentery A mesentery that is part of a colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14645 large intestinal mesentery mesentery of duodenum A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. EMAPA:19081 UBERON:0003397 duodenum mesentery uberon A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic duodenum mesentery mesentery of jejunum A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. EMAPA:18670 EMAPA:18937 FMA:14651 SCTID:261286003 UBERON:0003398 jejunal mesentery jejunum mesentery mesojejunum uberon http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html mesojejunum A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skin of forearm A zone of skin that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. EMAPA:18056 FMA:38265 MA:0000602 SCTID:181537008 UBERON:0003403 antebrachial region skin arm middle limb segment skin arm zeugopod skin brachial region middle limb segment skin brachial region zeugopod skin forearm skin intermediate segment of free upper limb skin lower arm skin lower segment of arm skin middle limb segment of arm skin middle limb segment of brachial region skin middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb skin proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment skin proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod skin skin of antebrachial region skin of arm middle limb segment skin of arm zeugopod skin of brachial region middle limb segment skin of brachial region zeugopod skin of intermediate segment of free upper limb skin of lower arm skin of lower segment of arm skin of middle limb segment of arm skin of middle limb segment of brachial region skin of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb skin of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment skin of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod skin of zeugopod of arm skin of zeugopod of brachial region skin of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb uberon zeugopod of arm skin zeugopod of brachial region skin zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region skin OBOL:automatic skin of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic skin of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic skin of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic skin of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region skin OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic skin of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm skin OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm skin A zone of skin that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic antebrachial region skin OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of lower arm OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic lower arm skin OBOL:automatic skin of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic skin of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic skin of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm skin OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic skin of intermediate segment of free upper limb FMA:38265 forearm skin OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic skin of middle limb segment of arm lobar bronchus of right lung A lobar bronchus that is part of a right lung [Obol]. EMAPA:17664 UBERON:0003404 right lung lobar bronchus right lung secondary bronchus secondary bronchus of right lung uberon OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus of right lung OBOL:automatic right lung lobar bronchus A lobar bronchus that is part of a right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic right lung secondary bronchus lobar bronchus of left lung A lobar bronchus that is part of a left lung [Obol]. EMAPA:17656 UBERON:0003405 left lung lobar bronchus left lung secondary bronchus secondary bronchus of left lung uberon OBOL:automatic left lung secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus of left lung A lobar bronchus that is part of a left lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic left lung lobar bronchus cartilage of respiratory system A cartilage that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. EMAPA:18694 MA:0001818 UBERON:0003406 apparatus respiratorius cartilage cartilage of apparatus respiratorius respiratory system cartilage uberon OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of apparatus respiratorius A cartilage that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic respiratory system cartilage cartilage of nasal septum A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. EMAPA:25091 FMA:59503 UBERON:0003407 cartilago septal nasi nasal septum cartilage septal nasal cartilage uberon OBOL:automatic nasal septum cartilage A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:59503 cartilago septal nasi FMA:59503 septal nasal cartilage gland of gut A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Obol]. EMAPA:18815 UBERON:0003408 digestive tract gland gland of digestive tract gland of lower gastrointestinal tract gut gland lower gastrointestinal tract gland uberon OBOL:automatic gut gland OBOL:automatic digestive tract gland OBOL:automatic lower gastrointestinal tract gland OBOL:automatic gland of lower gastrointestinal tract A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gland of digestive tract gland of tongue A gland that is part of a tongue [Obol]. EMAPA:25097 UBERON:0003409 tongue gland uberon A gland that is part of a tongue [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic tongue gland oropharyngeal gland A gland that is part of a oropharynx [Obol]. EMAPA:25095 UBERON:0003410 gland of oral part of pharynx gland of oropharynx oral part of pharynx gland oropharynx gland uberon EMAPA:25095 gland of oropharynx OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx gland OBOL:automatic gland of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic oropharynx gland A gland that is part of a oropharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of amnion A mesenchyme that is part of an amnion [Obol]. EMAPA:16265 UBERON:0003411 amnion mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic amnion mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of an amnion [Obol]. OBOL:automatic hindlimb/pelvic fin bud mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001035 EMAPA:17255 TAO:0001386 UBERON:0003412 ZFA:0001386 leg mesenchyme lower limb bud mesenchyme mesoderm pelvic fin bud pelvic fin bud mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2:0001035 lower limb bud mesenchyme ZFA:0001386 mesoderm pelvic fin bud pelvic fin bud mesenchyme OBOL:automatic leg mesenchyme forelimb/pectoral fin bud mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002135 EHDAA:1703 EMAPA:17244 TAO:0000789 UBERON:0003413 UBERON:0005703 ZFA:0000789 arm mesenchyme mesoderm pectoral fin bud pectoral fin bud mesenchyme uberon upper limb bud mesenchyme wing mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002135 upper limb bud mesenchyme OBOL:automatic arm mesenchyme ZFA:0000789 mesoderm pectoral fin bud pectoral fin bud mesenchyme OBOL:automatic wing mesenchyme mesenchyme of mandible A mesenchyme that is part of a mandible [Obol]. EMAPA:17912 UBERON:0003414 bone of lower jaw mesenchyme bone of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme bone organ of lower jaw mesenchyme bone organ of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme lower jaw bone mesenchyme lower jaw bone organ mesenchyme mandible mesenchyme mandibulla mesenchyme mesenchyme of bone of lower jaw mesenchyme of bone of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme of bone organ of lower jaw mesenchyme of bone organ of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme of lower jaw bone mesenchyme of lower jaw bone organ mesenchyme of mandibulla mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone organ uberon ventral mandibular arch bone mesenchyme ventral mandibular arch bone organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lower jaw bone organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of mandibulla OBOL:automatic lower jaw bone mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of bone organ of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic mandibulla mesenchyme OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch bone mesenchyme OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower jaw mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a mandible [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of bone organ of lower jaw OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of bone of lower jaw OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch bone organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone OBOL:automatic bone of lower jaw mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lower jaw bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mandible mesenchyme OBOL:automatic bone of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone organ OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lower jaw bone organ OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of bone of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme of nasal septum A mesenchyme that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. EMAPA:18443 UBERON:0003415 nasal septum mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic nasal septum mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of tongue A mesenchyme that is part of a tongue [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004614 EMAPA:17882 EMAPA:18878 UBERON:0003416 todo - develops_from tongue mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2:0004614 tongue mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a tongue [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of soft palate A mesenchyme that is part of a soft palate [Obol]. EMAPA:18951 UBERON:0003417 soft palate mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a soft palate [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic soft palate mesenchyme mesenchyme of submandibular gland A mesenchyme that is part of a submandibular gland [Obol]. EMAPA:18814 UBERON:0003418 VHOG:0001110 submandibular gland mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a submandibular gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submandibular gland mesenchyme mesenchyme of parotid A mesenchyme that is part of a parotid gland [Obol]. EMAPA:18539 UBERON:0003419 VHOG:0001435 mesenchyme of parotid gland parotid gland mesenchyme parotid mesenchyme uberon OBOL:automatic parotid mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a parotid gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of parotid gland OBOL:automatic parotid gland mesenchyme mesenchyme of sublingual gland A mesenchyme that is part of a sublingual gland [Obol]. EMAPA:18811 Rivinus'gland mesenchyme UBERON:0003420 VHOG:0001106 ductus sublingualis mesenchyme mesenchyme of Rivinus'gland mesenchyme of ductus sublingualis sublingual gland mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a sublingual gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic sublingual gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of Rivinus'gland OBOL:automatic Rivinus'gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of ductus sublingualis OBOL:automatic ductus sublingualis mesenchyme mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ A mesenchyme that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004103 EMAPA:18445 Jacobson's organ mesenchyme UBERON:0003421 mesenchyme of Jacobson's organ uberon vomeronasal mesenchyme vomeronasal organ mesenchyme EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0004103 vomeronasal mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of Jacobson's organ OBOL:automatic vomeronasal organ mesenchyme Jacobson's organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of umbilical cord EMAPA:26127 SCTID:368069009 UBERON:0003422 Wharton's jelly a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP] todo - check uberon umbilical cord mesenchyme OBOL:automatic umbilical cord mesenchyme EMAPA:26127 Wharton's jelly Wikipedia:Wharton's_jelly a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP] mesenchyme of chorion A mesenchyme that is part of a chorion [Obol]. EHDAA2:0003245 EMAPA:16266 UBERON:0003423 chorion mesenchyme chorionic mesenchyme mesenchyme of chorion (vertebrates) uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of chorion (vertebrates) OBOL:automatic chorion mesenchyme EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0003245 chorionic mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a chorion [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of hard palate A mesenchyme that is part of a hard palate [Obol]. EMAPA:18954 UBERON:0003424 hard palate mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a hard palate [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hard palate mesenchyme renal lymph node A lymph node that is part of a kidney [Obol]. MA:0002882 UBERON:0003425 kidney lymph node lymph node of kidney ncithesaurus:Renal_Lymph_Node uberon OBOL:automatic lymph node of kidney OBOL:automatic kidney lymph node A lymph node that is part of a kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic dermis adipose tissue An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Obol]. MA:0000798 UBERON:0003426 adipose tissue of dermis dermis fat tissue dermis fatty tissue fat tissue of dermis fatty tissue of dermis uberon OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic dermis fatty tissue OBOL:automatic fat tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic dermis fat tissue An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of dermis abdominal fat pad MA:0000472 UBERON:0003427 abdomen fat pad fat pad of abdomen the encapsulated adipose tissue in the abdomen. uberon MP:0000010 the encapsulated adipose tissue in the abdomen. OBOL:automatic fat pad of abdomen OBOL:automatic abdomen fat pad gonadal fat pad MA:0002547 UBERON:0003428 fat pad of gonad fat pad of gonada gonad fat pad gonada fat pad the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the ovaries or testes. uberon OBOL:automatic gonad fat pad OBOL:automatic fat pad of gonada OBOL:automatic gonada fat pad MP:0005335 the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the ovaries or testes. OBOL:automatic fat pad of gonad abdomen nerve A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. MA:0000521 UBERON:0003429 nerve of abdomen uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of abdomen A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic neck nerve A nerve that is part of a neck [Obol]. MA:0000588 UBERON:0003430 neck (volume) nerve nerve of neck nerve of neck (volume) uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of neck OBOL:automatic nerve of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) nerve A nerve that is part of a neck [Obol]. OBOL:automatic leg nerve A nerve that is part of a leg [Obol]. MA:0000673 UBERON:0003431 nerve of leg uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of leg A nerve that is part of a leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic chest nerve A nerve that is part of a chest [Obol]. MA:0000551 UBERON:0003432 anterior thoracic region nerve anterolateral part of thorax nerve front of thorax nerve nerve of anterior thoracic region nerve of anterolateral part of thorax nerve of chest nerve of front of thorax uberon OBOL:automatic front of thorax nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of anterior thoracic region A nerve that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of chest OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic nerve of front of thorax OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax nerve arm nerve A nerve that is part of an arm [Obol]. MA:0000595 UBERON:0003433 brachial region nerve nerve of arm nerve of brachial region nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb nerve uberon A nerve that is part of an arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of arm OBOL:automatic nerve of brachial region OBOL:automatic brachial region nerve wrist nerve A nerve that is part of a wrist [Obol]. MA:0000637 UBERON:0003434 carpal region nerve nerve of carpal region nerve of wrist uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of wrist OBOL:automatic carpal region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of carpal region A nerve that is part of a wrist [Obol]. OBOL:automatic foot digit nerve A nerve that is part of a toe [Obol]. MA:0000649 SCTID:300056004 UBERON:0003435 digit of foot nerve digit of terminal segment of free lower limb nerve digitus pedis nerve nerve of digit of foot nerve of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb nerve of digitus pedis nerve of foot digit nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb digit nerve of toe terminal segment of free lower limb digit nerve toe nerve uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of toe OBOL:automatic nerve of digit of foot OBOL:automatic digitus pedis nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic digit of foot nerve A nerve that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic nerve of foot digit OBOL:automatic toe nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit nerve OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb nerve shoulder nerve A nerve that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. MA:0000634 UBERON:0003436 nerve of shoulder uberon A nerve that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of shoulder eyelid nerve A nerve that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. MA:0001255 UBERON:0003437 blepharon nerve nerve of blepharon nerve of eyelid uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of blepharon OBOL:automatic blepharon nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of eyelid A nerve that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic iris nerve A nerve that is part of a iris [Obol]. MA:0001291 UBERON:0003438 nerve of iris uberon A nerve that is part of a iris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of iris trunk nerve A nerve that is part of a trunk [Obol]. EMAPA:16986 MA:0000515 UBERON:0003439 nerve of torso nerve of trunk torso nerve uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of torso A nerve that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic torso nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of trunk limb nerve A nerve that is part of a limb [Obol]. MA:0000693 UBERON:0003440 nerve of limb uberon A nerve that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of limb forelimb nerve A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. MA:0000616 UBERON:0003441 anteriormost limb nerve fore limb nerve nerve of anteriormost limb nerve of fore limb nerve of forelimb nerve of superior member nerve of upper extremity superior member nerve uberon upper extremity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of superior member OBOL:automatic nerve of upper extremity OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb nerve A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic upper extremity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of forelimb OBOL:automatic nerve of fore limb OBOL:automatic nerve of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic superior member nerve OBOL:automatic fore limb nerve hindlimb nerve A nerve that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. MA:0000664 UBERON:0003442 hind limb nerve inferior member nerve lower extremity nerve nerve of hind limb nerve of hindlimb nerve of inferior member nerve of lower extremity uberon OBOL:automatic inferior member nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hindlimb OBOL:automatic nerve of lower extremity OBOL:automatic nerve of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of inferior member OBOL:automatic hind limb nerve A nerve that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity nerve A nerve that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. MA:0000556 UBERON:0003443 cavity of chest nerve cavity of thorax nerve chest cavity nerve nerve of cavity of chest nerve of cavity of thorax nerve of chest cavity nerve of pectoral cavity nerve of thoracic cavity pectoral cavity nerve uberon OBOL:automatic chest cavity nerve OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic cavity of chest nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of pectoral cavity A nerve that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic nerve of chest cavity OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of thoracic cavity pelvis nerve A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. MA:0000542 UBERON:0003444 nerve of pelvis uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of pelvis A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic foot nerve A nerve that is part of a foot [Obol]. MA:0000653 UBERON:0003445 autopod of hind limb nerve autopod of hindlimb nerve autopod of inferior member nerve autopod of lower extremity nerve distal free limb segment of hind limb nerve distal free limb segment of hindlimb nerve distal free limb segment of inferior member nerve distal free limb segment of lower extremity nerve hind limb autopod nerve hind limb distal free limb segment nerve hindlimb autopod nerve hindlimb distal free limb segment nerve inferior member autopod nerve inferior member distal free limb segment nerve lower extremity autopod nerve lower extremity distal free limb segment nerve nerve of autopod of hind limb nerve of autopod of hindlimb nerve of autopod of inferior member nerve of autopod of lower extremity nerve of distal free limb segment of hind limb nerve of distal free limb segment of hindlimb nerve of distal free limb segment of inferior member nerve of distal free limb segment of lower extremity nerve of foot nerve of hind limb autopod nerve of hind limb distal free limb segment nerve of hindlimb autopod nerve of hindlimb distal free limb segment nerve of inferior member autopod nerve of inferior member distal free limb segment nerve of lower extremity autopod nerve of lower extremity distal free limb segment nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb terminal segment of free lower limb nerve uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic nerve of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of foot OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod nerve OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic nerve of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment nerve A nerve that is part of a foot [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic nerve of hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb nerve OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb nerve OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member nerve OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb nerve OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic nerve of autopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic nerve of autopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic nerve of hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb nerve ankle nerve A nerve that is part of an ankle [Obol]. AO notes: FMA placement dubious FMA:86901 MA:0000640 UBERON:0003446 nerve of ankle tarsal region nerve uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of ankle UBERON:cjm tarsal region nerve A nerve that is part of an ankle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic hand digit nerve A nerve that is part of a finger [Obol]. MA:0000625 SCTID:181015006 UBERON:0003447 digit of hand nerve digit of terminal segment of free upper limb nerve digitus manus nerve finger nerve nerve of digit of hand nerve of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb nerve of digitus manus nerve of finger nerve of hand digit nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb digit terminal segment of free upper limb digit nerve uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic nerve of digitus manus OBOL:automatic nerve of finger OBOL:automatic nerve of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic digit of hand nerve OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hand digit OBOL:automatic finger nerve A nerve that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic digitus manus nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of digit of hand hand nerve A nerve that is part of a hand [Obol]. MA:0000629 UBERON:0003448 arm autopod nerve arm distal free limb segment nerve autopod of arm nerve autopod of brachial region nerve autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve brachial region autopod nerve brachial region distal free limb segment nerve distal free limb segment of arm nerve distal free limb segment of brachial region nerve distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve nerve of arm autopod nerve of arm distal free limb segment nerve of autopod of arm nerve of autopod of brachial region nerve of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve of brachial region autopod nerve of brachial region distal free limb segment nerve of distal free limb segment of arm nerve of distal free limb segment of brachial region nerve of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve of hand nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb autopod nerve proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment nerve terminal segment of free upper limb nerve uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod nerve OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic nerve of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of arm autopod OBOL:automatic nerve of hand OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of arm distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic nerve of distal free limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic autopod of arm nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic arm autopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic nerve of distal free limb segment of brachial region A nerve that is part of a hand [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment nerve tail intervertebral disc A intervertebral disk that is part of a tail [Obol]. EMAPA:19592 MA:0000698 UBERON:0003449 intervertebral disc of post-vent region intervertebral disc of tail intervertebral disk of post-vent region intervertebral disk of tail post-vent region intervertebral disc post-vent region intervertebral disk post-vent region spinal disc spinal disc of post-vent region spinal disc of tail tail intervertebral disk tail spinal disc uberon OBOL:automatic tail spinal disc A intervertebral disk that is part of a tail [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic post-vent region intervertebral disc OBOL:automatic spinal disc of post-vent region OBOL:automatic post-vent region spinal disc OBOL:automatic intervertebral disc of post-vent region OBOL:automatic intervertebral disk of post-vent region OBOL:automatic intervertebral disc of tail OBOL:automatic intervertebral disk of tail OBOL:automatic post-vent region intervertebral disk OBOL:automatic spinal disc of tail OBOL:automatic tail intervertebral disk upper jaw incisor A incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002121 EMAPA:17939 FMA:55712 MA:0001601 UBERON:0003450 incisor of palatoquadrate arch incisor of upper jaw incisor tooth of palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth of upper jaw ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Incisor palatoquadrate arch incisor palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth uberon upper incisor upper jaw incisor tooth upper primary incisor tooth OBOL:automatic upper jaw incisor tooth OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm upper incisor OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch incisor OBOL:automatic incisor of palatoquadrate arch FMA:84214 upper primary incisor tooth OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic incisor of upper jaw A incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of upper jaw lower jaw incisor A incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. BTO:0001942 EHDAA2:0001021 EMAPA:17918 FMA:55713 MA:0001600 UBERON:0003451 incisor of lower jaw incisor of ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth of lower jaw incisor tooth of ventral mandibular arch lower incisor lower jaw incisor tooth lower primary incisor tooth mandibular incisor ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Incisor uberon ventral mandibular arch incisor ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth BTO:0001942 mandibular incisor OBOL:automatic incisor of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of ventral mandibular arch FMA:84215 lower primary incisor tooth OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth A incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm lower incisor OBOL:automatic lower jaw incisor tooth OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch incisor OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic incisor of lower jaw trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Obol]. FMA:84428 MA:0002833 UBERON:0003452 cardiac muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea heart muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea heart muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea heart myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea heart myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea muscle of heart muscle tissue of trabecula carnea muscle of heart textus muscularis of trabecula carnea muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart muscle of trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea muscle tissue of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea muscle tissue of myocardium of trabecula carnea myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart muscle of trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea textus muscularis of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea textus muscularis of myocardium of trabecula carnea trabecula carnea cardiac muscle trabecula carnea cardiac muscle muscle tissue trabecula carnea cardiac muscle textus muscularis trabecula carnea heart muscle muscle tissue trabecula carnea heart muscle textus muscularis trabecula carnea heart myocardium muscle tissue trabecula carnea heart myocardium textus muscularis trabecula carnea muscle of heart muscle tissue trabecula carnea muscle of heart textus muscularis trabecula carnea muscle tissue of cardiac muscle trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart muscle trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart myocardium trabecula carnea muscle tissue of muscle of heart trabecula carnea muscle tissue of myocardium trabecula carnea myocardium muscle tissue trabecula carnea myocardium textus muscularis trabecula carnea textus muscularis of cardiac muscle trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart muscle trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart myocardium trabecula carnea textus muscularis of muscle of heart trabecula carnea textus muscularis of myocardium uberon OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle of trabecula carnea OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea muscle tissue of muscle of heart A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic trabecula carnea cardiac muscle large intestine Peyer's patch Edtor notes: requires expert attention FMA:15658 MA:0001550 Peyer's patch of large intestine UBERON:0003453 large intestine Peyer's patch uberon OBOL:automatic large intestine Peyer's patch OBOL:automatic Peyer's patch of large intestine small intestine Peyer's patch FMA:15054 MA:0001557 Peyer's patch Peyer's patch of small bowel Peyer's patch of small intestine UBERON:0003454 aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine. small bowel Peyer's patch small intestine Peyer's patch uberon OBOL:automatic Peyer's patch of small bowel OBOL:automatic small intestine Peyer's patch FMA:15054 aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine OBOL:automatic Peyer's patch of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel Peyer's patch FMA:15054 Peyer's patch inner renal medulla loop of henle A loop of Henle that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. Henle loop of inner medulla of kidney Henle loop of inner renal medulla Henle loop of inner zone of medulla of kidney Henle loop of inner zone of renal medulla MA:0002623 UBERON:0003455 henle's loop of inner medulla of kidney henle's loop of inner renal medulla henle's loop of inner zone of medulla of kidney henle's loop of inner zone of renal medulla inner medulla of kidney Henle loop inner medulla of kidney henle's loop inner medulla of kidney loop of Henle inner renal medulla Henle loop inner renal medulla henle's loop inner renal medulla loop of Henle inner zone of medulla of kidney Henle loop inner zone of medulla of kidney henle's loop inner zone of medulla of kidney loop of Henle inner zone of renal medulla Henle loop inner zone of renal medulla henle's loop inner zone of renal medulla loop of Henle loop of Henle of inner medulla of kidney loop of Henle of inner renal medulla loop of Henle of inner zone of medulla of kidney loop of Henle of inner zone of renal medulla uberon Henle loop of inner zone of medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic inner renal medulla henle's loop OBOL:automatic inner zone of renal medulla henle's loop OBOL:automatic loop of Henle of inner zone of medulla of kidney Henle loop of inner zone of renal medulla OBOL:automatic Henle loop of inner medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic loop of Henle of inner medulla of kidney Henle loop of inner renal medulla OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic inner renal medulla Henle loop OBOL:automatic henle's loop of inner zone of medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic henle's loop of inner medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic loop of Henle of inner renal medulla A loop of Henle that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic inner medulla of kidney henle's loop OBOL:automatic inner medulla of kidney loop of Henle OBOL:automatic inner zone of medulla of kidney henle's loop OBOL:automatic inner zone of renal medulla loop of Henle OBOL:automatic loop of Henle of inner zone of renal medulla OBOL:automatic inner zone of medulla of kidney loop of Henle OBOL:automatic henle's loop of inner zone of renal medulla OBOL:automatic inner zone of renal medulla Henle loop OBOL:automatic inner medulla of kidney Henle loop OBOL:automatic henle's loop of inner renal medulla OBOL:automatic inner zone of medulla of kidney Henle loop OBOL:automatic inner renal medulla loop of Henle respiratory system lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001824 UBERON:0003456 apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel of respiratory system lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel of respiratory system respiratory system lymph vessel uberon OBOL:automatic lymph vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system lymph vessel OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius head bone A bone that is part of a head [Obol]. MA:0000576 SCTID:118646007 UBERON:0003457 adult head bone adult head bone organ bone of adult head bone of head bone organ of adult head bone organ of head head bone organ uberon OBOL:automatic bone organ of adult head OBOL:automatic head bone organ A bone that is part of a head [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic adult head bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of adult head OBOL:automatic bone of head OBOL:automatic bone organ of head OBOL:automatic adult head bone neck bone A bone that is part of a neck [Obol]. MA:0000584 OpenCyc:Mx4rvnpJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003458 bone of neck bone of neck (volume) bone organ of neck bone organ of neck (volume) neck (volume) bone neck (volume) bone organ neck bone organ uberon OBOL:automatic bone of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck bone organ A bone that is part of a neck [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic neck (volume) bone OBOL:automatic neck (volume) bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic bone of neck OBOL:automatic bone organ of neck chest bone A bone that is part of a chest [Obol]. MA:0000547 UBERON:0003459 anterior thoracic region bone anterior thoracic region bone organ anterolateral part of thorax bone anterolateral part of thorax bone organ bone of anterior thoracic region bone of anterolateral part of thorax bone of chest bone of front of thorax bone organ of anterior thoracic region bone organ of anterolateral part of thorax bone organ of chest bone organ of front of thorax chest bone organ front of thorax bone front of thorax bone organ uberon OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax bone A bone that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region bone OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of chest OBOL:automatic bone organ of front of thorax OBOL:automatic bone organ of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic bone organ of chest OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic bone of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic chest bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic front of thorax bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of front of thorax OBOL:automatic front of thorax bone arm bone A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia MA:0000592 OpenCyc:Mx4rwKTXoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003460 arm bone organ bone of arm bone of brachial region bone of proximal segment of free upper limb bone of upper extremity bone organ of arm bone organ of brachial region bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb brachial region bone brachial region bone organ proximal segment of free upper limb bone proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ uberon OBOL:automatic brachial region bone organ A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia UBERON:cjm OBOL:automatic bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic arm bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of brachial region OBOL:automatic bone of arm GAID:178 bone of upper extremity OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb bone OBOL:automatic bone of brachial region OBOL:automatic bone of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of arm OBOL:automatic brachial region bone shoulder bone A bone that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. AO notes: this is a forelimb bone in MA, but this would lead to part-disjointness violations. Subtypes are clavicle, scapula, humerus MA:0000631 UBERON:0003461 bone of shoulder bone organ of shoulder shoulder bone organ uberon A bone that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA UBERONREF:0000003 OBOL:automatic bone organ of shoulder OBOL:automatic bone of shoulder OBOL:automatic shoulder bone organ viscerocranium bone A bone that is part of a viscerocranium [Obol]. EMAPA:19019 Editors note: test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym MA:0001482 SCTID:181799005 UBERON:0003462 bone of facial skeleton bone of splanchnocranium bone of viscerocranium facial bone facial skeleton bone ncithesaurus:Facial_Bone uberon EMAPA:19019 facial bone A bone that is part of a viscerocranium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bone of facial skeleton OBOL:automatic bone of viscerocranium OBOL:automatic facial skeleton bone OBOL:automatic bone of splanchnocranium trunk bone A bone that is part of a trunk [Obol]. MA:0000512 SCTID:427358002 UBERON:0003463 bone of torso bone of trunk bone organ of torso bone organ of trunk torso bone torso bone organ trunk bone organ uberon OBOL:automatic bone organ of trunk OBOL:automatic torso bone organ OBOL:automatic trunk bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of trunk OBOL:automatic torso bone OBOL:automatic bone of torso OBOL:automatic bone organ of torso A bone that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic hindlimb bone A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any foot phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle) EFO:0003842 GAID:198 Note that the MA class is actually bone of pelvic complex; in contrast the NCIT class excludes ilium etc SCTID:361370006 UBERON:0003464 bone of hind limb bone of hindlimb bone of inferior member bone of lower extremity bone organ of hind limb bone organ of hindlimb bone organ of inferior member bone organ of lower extremity hind limb bone hind limb bone organ hindlimb bone organ inferior member bone inferior member bone organ lower extremity bone lower extremity bone organ ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Lower_Extremity uberon OBOL:automatic lower extremity bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of hindlimb OBOL:automatic inferior member bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of lower extremity OBOL:automatic lower extremity bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone organ of inferior member OBOL:automatic hindlimb bone organ A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any foot phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle) UBERON:cjm OBOL:automatic bone of hind limb OBOL:automatic hind limb bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower extremity OBOL:automatic inferior member bone OBOL:automatic hind limb bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of hind limb chondrocranium bone A bone that is part of a chondrocranium [Obol]. MA:0001478 UBERON:0003465 UBERON:0004762 ZFA:0001544 class made obsolete. bone of chondrocranium bone organ of chondrocranium chondrocranium bone organ endochondral neurocranium bone uberon OBOL:automatic bone of chondrocranium OBOL:automatic bone organ of chondrocranium A bone that is part of a chondrocranium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic chondrocranium bone organ OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm endochondral neurocranium bone lower arm bone A bone that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. MA:0000598 UBERON:0003466 antebrachial region bone antebrachial region bone organ arm middle limb segment bone arm middle limb segment bone organ arm zeugopod bone arm zeugopod bone organ bone of antebrachial region bone of arm middle limb segment bone of arm zeugopod bone of brachial region middle limb segment bone of brachial region zeugopod bone of intermediate segment of free upper limb bone of lower arm bone of lower segment of arm bone of middle limb segment of arm bone of middle limb segment of brachial region bone of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone of zeugopod of arm bone of zeugopod of brachial region bone of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ of antebrachial region bone organ of arm middle limb segment bone organ of arm zeugopod bone organ of brachial region middle limb segment bone organ of brachial region zeugopod bone organ of intermediate segment of free upper limb bone organ of lower arm bone organ of lower segment of arm bone organ of middle limb segment of arm bone organ of middle limb segment of brachial region bone organ of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone organ of zeugopod of arm bone organ of zeugopod of brachial region bone organ of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb brachial region middle limb segment bone brachial region middle limb segment bone organ brachial region zeugopod bone brachial region zeugopod bone organ intermediate segment of free upper limb bone intermediate segment of free upper limb bone organ lower arm bone organ lower segment of arm bone lower segment of arm bone organ middle limb segment of arm bone middle limb segment of arm bone organ middle limb segment of brachial region bone middle limb segment of brachial region bone organ middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone organ proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone organ uberon zeugopod of arm bone zeugopod of arm bone organ zeugopod of brachial region bone zeugopod of brachial region bone organ zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of lower arm OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic bone organ of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb bone OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone of intermediate segment of free upper limb A bone that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bone of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic bone organ of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of intermediate segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic antebrachial region bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic antebrachial region bone OBOL:automatic bone of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower arm OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm bone OBOL:automatic lower arm bone organ OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region bone OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region bone organ OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm bone OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic bone of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm bone organ sesamoid bone of gastrocnemius A small sesamoid bone situated behind a condyle of the femur. MA:0001378 SCTID:302749009 UBERON:0003467 fabella galen:Fabella gastrocnemius sesamoid bone m. gastrocnemius sesamoid bone sesamoid bone of m. gastrocnemius uberon OBOL:automatic sesamoid bone of m. gastrocnemius OBOL:automatic gastrocnemius sesamoid bone A small sesamoid bone situated behind a condyle of the femur. MP:0009005 Wikipedia:Fabella https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834 MA:0001378 fabella OBOL:automatic m. gastrocnemius sesamoid bone MA ureteric artery An artery that is part of a ureter [Obol]. MA:0002074 UBERON:0003468 uberon An artery that is part of a ureter [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system artery An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001804 UBERON:0003469 uberon An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic artery of upper lip An artery that is part of a upper lip [Obol]. MA:0001917 UBERON:0003470 uberon An artery that is part of a upper lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic artery of lower lip An artery that is part of a lower lip [Obol]. MA:0001916 UBERON:0003471 uberon An artery that is part of a lower lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cerebellar artery An artery that is part of a cerebellum [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000228 EHDAA:5290 MA:0001933 SCTID:278102002 UBERON:0003472 ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Artery uberon An artery that is part of a cerebellum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity artery An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. MA:0001902 Note that in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity UBERON:0003473 uberon An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3317815&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 meningeal artery GAID:499 MA:0002001 MESH:A.07.231.114.545 One of the arteries supplying the meninix[Obol]. UBERON:0003474 uberon One of the arteries supplying the meninix[Obol]. Wikipedia:Meningeal_arteries ureteric vein A vein that is part of a ureter [Obol]. MA:0002250 UBERON:0003475 uberon ureter vein vein of ureter OBOL:automatic ureter vein A vein that is part of a ureter [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vein of ureter respiratory system venous blood vessel A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001809 MA:0001810 UBERON:0003476 apparatus respiratorius vein respiratory system vein uberon vein of apparatus respiratorius vein of respiratory system OBOL:automatic vein of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius vein OBOL:automatic vein of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system vein A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic vein of upper lip A vein that is part of a upper lip [Obol]. MA:0002255 UBERON:0003477 uberon upper lip vein A vein that is part of a upper lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic upper lip vein vein of lower lip A vein that is part of a lower lip [Obol]. MA:0002253 UBERON:0003478 lower lip vein uberon A vein that is part of a lower lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lower lip vein thoracic cavity vein A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. MA:0001903 UBERON:0003479 cavity of chest vein cavity of thorax vein chest cavity vein pectoral cavity vein uberon vein of cavity of chest vein of cavity of thorax vein of chest cavity vein of pectoral cavity vein of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic vein of cavity of thorax A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vein of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic chest cavity vein OBOL:automatic vein of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic vein of chest cavity OBOL:automatic cavity of chest vein OBOL:automatic vein of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax vein OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity vein vein of clitoris A vein that is part of a clitoris [Obol]. MA:0002252 SCTID:360819004 UBERON:0003480 clitoris vein uberon A vein that is part of a clitoris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic clitoris vein tail vein A vein that is part of a tail [Obol]. AAO:0011105 MA:0002233 UBERON:0003481 XAO:0000393 post-vent region vein uberon vein of post-vent region vein of tail OBOL:automatic vein of post-vent region A vein that is part of a tail [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vein of tail OBOL:automatic post-vent region vein vein of trabecular bone A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Obol]. MA:0002254 UBERON:0003482 spongy bone vein trabecular bone tissue vein trabecular bone vein uberon vein of spongy bone vein of trabecular bone tissue OBOL:automatic vein of trabecular bone tissue OBOL:automatic vein of spongy bone OBOL:automatic spongy bone vein OBOL:automatic trabecular bone tissue vein A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic trabecular bone vein thymus lymphoid tissue A portion of lymphoid tissue that is part of a thymus [Obol]. MA:0002673 MESH:A.06.407.850 UBERON:0003483 lymphatic tissue of thymus lymphatic tissue of thymus gland lymphocytic tissue of thymus lymphocytic tissue of thymus gland lymphoid tissue of thymus lymphoid tissue of thymus gland ncithesaurus:Thymic_Lymphoid_Tissue thymic lymphocytic tissue thymus gland lymphatic tissue thymus gland lymphocytic tissue thymus gland lymphoid tissue thymus lymphatic tissue thymus lymphocytic tissue uberon OBOL:automatic thymus lymphatic tissue OBOL:automatic thymic lymphocytic tissue OBOL:automatic lymphatic tissue of thymus gland OBOL:automatic thymus gland lymphatic tissue OBOL:automatic lymphoid tissue of thymus OBOL:automatic thymus gland lymphocytic tissue OBOL:automatic lymphocytic tissue of thymus gland OBOL:automatic lymphoid tissue of thymus gland OBOL:automatic lymphocytic tissue of thymus A portion of lymphoid tissue that is part of a thymus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lymphatic tissue of thymus OBOL:automatic thymus lymphocytic tissue OBOL:automatic thymus gland lymphoid tissue eye sebaceous gland A sebaceous gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Obol]. MA:0002452 UBERON:0003484 camera-type eye sebaceous gland sebaceous gland of camera-type eye sebaceous gland of vertebrate eye uberon vertebrate eye sebaceous gland OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of camera-type eye A sebaceous gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye sebaceous gland OBOL:automatic camera-type eye sebaceous gland OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of vertebrate eye vagina sebaceous gland A sebaceous gland that is part of a vagina [Obol]. MA:0001732 UBERON:0003485 sebaceous gland of vagina uberon A sebaceous gland that is part of a vagina [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of vagina mammary gland sebaceous gland A sebaceous gland that is part of a lactiferous gland [Obol]. MA:0000794 UBERON:0003486 lactiferous gland sebaceous gland lobe of breast sebaceous gland lobe of mammary gland sebaceous gland sebaceous gland of lactiferous gland sebaceous gland of lobe of breast sebaceous gland of lobe of mammary gland sebaceous gland of mammary gland uberon OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of breast sebaceous gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland sebaceous gland A sebaceous gland that is part of a lactiferous gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland sebaceous gland OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of lobe of mammary gland skin sebaceous gland MA:0000149 MESH:A.10.336.827 UBERON:0003487 sebaceous gland of skin the holocrine glands of the dermis that secrete sebum into the hair follicles. uberon OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of skin MP:0009535 the holocrine glands of the dermis that secrete sebum into the hair follicles. abdominal mammary gland A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Obol]. MA:0000787 SCTID:113191002 SCTID:68037003 Taxon notes: Female mice normally have five pairs of nipples and mammary glands, three in the thoracic and two in the abdominal region. (There is an additional abdominal pair in female rats.) http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml UBERON:0003488 abdomen lactiferous gland abdomen lobe of breast abdomen lobe of mammary gland abdomen mammary gland lactiferous gland of abdomen lobe of breast of abdomen lobe of mammary gland of abdomen mammary gland of abdomen uberon OBOL:automatic abdomen lobe of breast OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland of abdomen OBOL:automatic abdomen lobe of mammary gland A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lobe of breast of abdomen OBOL:automatic abdomen mammary gland OBOL:automatic mammary gland of abdomen OBOL:automatic abdomen lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland of abdomen respiratory system capillary endothelium An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001808 UBERON:0003489 apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium of respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary of respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood capillary endothelium respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary respiratory system endothelium of capillary respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel uberon OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood capillary endothelium respiratory system reticular lamina A reticular lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001817 UBERON:0003490 apparatus respiratorius fibroreticular lamina apparatus respiratorius lamina fibroreticularis apparatus respiratorius reticular lamina fibroreticular lamina of apparatus respiratorius fibroreticular lamina of respiratory system lamina fibroreticularis of apparatus respiratorius lamina fibroreticularis of respiratory system respiratory system fibroreticular lamina respiratory system lamina fibroreticularis reticular lamina of apparatus respiratorius reticular lamina of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lamina fibroreticularis OBOL:automatic lamina fibroreticularis of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic fibroreticular lamina of apparatus respiratorius A reticular lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius reticular lamina OBOL:automatic reticular lamina of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic reticular lamina of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system lamina fibroreticularis OBOL:automatic respiratory system fibroreticular lamina OBOL:automatic lamina fibroreticularis of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius fibroreticular lamina OBOL:automatic fibroreticular lamina of respiratory system bronchus reticular lamina A reticular lamina that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001834 UBERON:0003492 bronchi fibroreticular lamina bronchi lamina fibroreticularis bronchi reticular lamina bronchial trunk fibroreticular lamina bronchial trunk lamina fibroreticularis bronchial trunk reticular lamina bronchus fibroreticular lamina bronchus lamina fibroreticularis fibroreticular lamina of bronchi fibroreticular lamina of bronchial trunk fibroreticular lamina of bronchus lamina fibroreticularis of bronchi lamina fibroreticularis of bronchial trunk lamina fibroreticularis of bronchus reticular lamina of bronchi reticular lamina of bronchial trunk reticular lamina of bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic lamina fibroreticularis of bronchus OBOL:automatic fibroreticular lamina of bronchi OBOL:automatic lamina fibroreticularis of bronchi OBOL:automatic reticular lamina of bronchi OBOL:automatic fibroreticular lamina of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus lamina fibroreticularis OBOL:automatic lamina fibroreticularis of bronchial trunk A reticular lamina that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk fibroreticular lamina OBOL:automatic reticular lamina of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchi fibroreticular lamina OBOL:automatic bronchus fibroreticular lamina OBOL:automatic reticular lamina of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk reticular lamina OBOL:automatic bronchi lamina fibroreticularis OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk lamina fibroreticularis OBOL:automatic bronchi reticular lamina OBOL:automatic fibroreticular lamina of bronchial trunk trachea reticular lamina A reticular lamina that is part of a trachea [Obol]. MA:0001856 UBERON:0003493 fibroreticular lamina of cartilaginous trachea fibroreticular lamina of windpipe lamina fibroreticularis of cartilaginous trachea lamina fibroreticularis of windpipe reticular lamina of cartilaginous trachea reticular lamina of windpipe uberon windpipe fibroreticular lamina windpipe lamina fibroreticularis windpipe reticular lamina OBOL:automatic windpipe reticular lamina OBOL:automatic lamina fibroreticularis of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic reticular lamina of windpipe OBOL:automatic lamina fibroreticularis of windpipe OBOL:automatic fibroreticular lamina of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic windpipe fibroreticular lamina A reticular lamina that is part of a trachea [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic windpipe lamina fibroreticularis OBOL:automatic reticular lamina of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic fibroreticular lamina of windpipe respiratory system venule A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001813 UBERON:0003494 apparatus respiratorius venule uberon venule of apparatus respiratorius venule of respiratory system OBOL:automatic venule of respiratory system A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic venule of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius venule respiratory system arteriole An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001803 UBERON:0003495 uberon An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic head blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a head [Obol]. MA:0000575 SCTID:127865000 UBERON:0003496 adult head blood vessel blood vessel of adult head blood vessel of head uberon A blood vessel that is part of a head [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of adult head OBOL:automatic adult head blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of head abdomen blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. MA:0000518 UBERON:0003497 blood vessel of abdomen uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of abdomen A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic heart blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Obol]. MA:0002483 UBERON:0003498 blood vessel of heart uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of heart A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Obol]. OBOL:automatic brain blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Obol]. MA:0002769 UBERON:0003499 blood vessel of brain uberon A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of brain corneal blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Obol]. MA:0001241 UBERON:0003500 blood vessel of cornea cornea blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cornea OBOL:automatic cornea blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Obol]. OBOL:automatic retina blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Obol]. GAID:509 MA:0001317 MESH:A.07.231.611 SCTID:280692003 UBERON:0003501 XAO:0004153 blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball blood vessel of retina blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball inner layer of eyeball blood vessel retinal blood vessel tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel uberon A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of retina OBOL:automatic retinal blood vessel OBOL:automatic tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball OBOL:automatic inner layer of eyeball blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball neck blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Obol]. MA:0000583 UBERON:0003502 blood vessel of neck blood vessel of neck (volume) neck (volume) blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic neck (volume) blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of neck OBOL:automatic blood vessel of neck (volume) A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Obol]. OBOL:automatic leg blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a leg [Obol]. MA:0000669 UBERON:0003503 blood vessel of leg uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of leg A blood vessel that is part of a leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001799 UBERON:0003504 apparatus respiratorius blood vessel blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius blood vessel of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of respiratory system A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius blood vessel trachea blood vessel MA:0001852 UBERON:0003505 UBERON:0003525 blood vessel of trachea uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of trachea chest blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Obol]. MA:0000549 UBERON:0003506 anterior thoracic region blood vessel anterolateral part of thorax blood vessel blood vessel of anterior thoracic region blood vessel of anterolateral part of thorax blood vessel of chest blood vessel of front of thorax front of thorax blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anterior thoracic region A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of front of thorax OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of chest OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic front of thorax blood vessel arm blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Obol]. MA:0000591 UBERON:0003507 blood vessel of arm blood vessel of brachial region blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb brachial region blood vessel proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel uberon A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic brachial region blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of brachial region OBOL:automatic blood vessel of arm OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel foot digit blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a toe [Obol]. MA:0000645 UBERON:0003508 blood vessel of digit of foot blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel of digitus pedis blood vessel of foot digit blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb digit blood vessel of toe digit of foot blood vessel digit of terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel digitus pedis blood vessel terminal segment of free lower limb digit blood vessel toe blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic digit of foot blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of toe OBOL:automatic blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb A blood vessel that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic toe blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digit of foot OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of foot digit OBOL:automatic digitus pedis blood vessel arterial blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. MA:0000061 UBERON:0003509 only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. uberon A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. UBERON:cjm eyelid blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. MA:0001250 UBERON:0003510 blepharon blood vessel blood vessel of blepharon blood vessel of eyelid uberon OBOL:automatic blepharon blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of blepharon A blood vessel that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of eyelid iris blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Obol]. MA:0001290 UBERON:0003511 ZFA:0005568 blood vessel of iris uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of iris A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lung blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Obol]. MA:0002457 UBERON:0003512 blood vessel of lung uberon A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of lung trunk blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Obol]. MA:0000511 UBERON:0003513 blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic torso blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of trunk OBOL:automatic blood vessel of torso limb blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a limb [Obol]. MA:0000687 UBERON:0003514 blood vessel of limb uberon A blood vessel that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of limb forelimb blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. MA:0000611 UBERON:0003515 anteriormost limb blood vessel blood vessel of anteriormost limb blood vessel of fore limb blood vessel of forelimb blood vessel of superior member blood vessel of upper extremity fore limb blood vessel superior member blood vessel uberon upper extremity blood vessel OBOL:automatic upper extremity blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of forelimb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of upper extremity OBOL:automatic fore limb blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic superior member blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of superior member OBOL:automatic blood vessel of fore limb hindlimb blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. MA:0000659 UBERON:0003516 blood vessel of hind limb blood vessel of hindlimb blood vessel of inferior member blood vessel of lower extremity hind limb blood vessel inferior member blood vessel lower extremity blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of lower extremity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hindlimb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hind limb OBOL:automatic inferior member blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of inferior member OBOL:automatic hind limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic lower extremity blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic kidney blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Obol]. MA:0001682 TAO:0005306 UBERON:0003517 ZFA:0005306 blood vessel of kidney renal blood vessel uberon A blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of kidney OBOL:automatic renal blood vessel main bronchus blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001844 UBERON:0003518 blood vessel of bronchus principalis blood vessel of main bronchus blood vessel of primary bronchus blood vessel of principal bronchus bronchus principalis blood vessel primary bronchus blood vessel principal bronchus blood vessel uberon A blood vessel that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of main bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic principal bronchus blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of bronchus principalis thoracic cavity blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. MA:0000554 UBERON:0003519 blood vessel of cavity of chest blood vessel of cavity of thorax blood vessel of chest cavity blood vessel of pectoral cavity blood vessel of thoracic cavity cavity of chest blood vessel cavity of thorax blood vessel chest cavity blood vessel pectoral cavity blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cavity of chest blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic chest cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic blood vessel of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of chest cavity pelvis blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. MA:0000531 UBERON:0003520 blood vessel of pelvis uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of pelvis A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic foot blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a foot [Obol]. MA:0000642 UBERON:0003521 autopod of hind limb blood vessel autopod of hindlimb blood vessel autopod of inferior member blood vessel autopod of lower extremity blood vessel blood vessel of autopod of hind limb blood vessel of autopod of hindlimb blood vessel of autopod of inferior member blood vessel of autopod of lower extremity blood vessel of distal free limb segment of hind limb blood vessel of distal free limb segment of hindlimb blood vessel of distal free limb segment of inferior member blood vessel of distal free limb segment of lower extremity blood vessel of foot blood vessel of hind limb autopod blood vessel of hind limb distal free limb segment blood vessel of hindlimb autopod blood vessel of hindlimb distal free limb segment blood vessel of inferior member autopod blood vessel of inferior member distal free limb segment blood vessel of lower extremity autopod blood vessel of lower extremity distal free limb segment blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb distal free limb segment of hind limb blood vessel distal free limb segment of hindlimb blood vessel distal free limb segment of inferior member blood vessel distal free limb segment of lower extremity blood vessel hind limb autopod blood vessel hind limb distal free limb segment blood vessel hindlimb autopod blood vessel hindlimb distal free limb segment blood vessel inferior member autopod blood vessel inferior member distal free limb segment blood vessel lower extremity autopod blood vessel lower extremity distal free limb segment blood vessel terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of foot OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity blood vessel OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb blood vessel OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment blood vessel OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic blood vessel of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a foot [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic blood vessel of distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of autopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic blood vessel of autopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hind limb distal free limb segment hand digit blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Obol]. MA:0000621 UBERON:0003522 blood vessel of digit of hand blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel of digitus manus blood vessel of finger blood vessel of hand digit blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb digit digit of hand blood vessel digit of terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel digitus manus blood vessel finger blood vessel terminal segment of free upper limb digit blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic finger blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic digit of hand blood vessel OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hand digit OBOL:automatic digitus manus blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digitus manus OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of finger OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digit of hand hand blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hand [Obol]. MA:0000618 UBERON:0003523 arm autopod blood vessel arm distal free limb segment blood vessel autopod of arm blood vessel autopod of brachial region blood vessel autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel blood vessel of arm autopod blood vessel of arm distal free limb segment blood vessel of autopod of arm blood vessel of autopod of brachial region blood vessel of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel of brachial region autopod blood vessel of brachial region distal free limb segment blood vessel of distal free limb segment of arm blood vessel of distal free limb segment of brachial region blood vessel of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel of hand blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb brachial region autopod blood vessel brachial region distal free limb segment blood vessel distal free limb segment of arm blood vessel distal free limb segment of brachial region blood vessel distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel proximal segment of free upper limb autopod blood vessel proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment blood vessel terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of distal free limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm blood vessel OBOL:automatic autopod of arm blood vessel OBOL:automatic arm autopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic blood vessel of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hand [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment blood vessel OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region blood vessel OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic blood vessel of distal free limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of arm distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hand OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic blood vessel of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of arm autopod tail blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Obol]. MA:0000695 UBERON:0003524 blood vessel of post-vent region blood vessel of tail post-vent region blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of tail OBOL:automatic post-vent region blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of post-vent region A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system capillary A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001807 UBERON:0003526 apparatus respiratorius blood capillary apparatus respiratorius capillary apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius blood capillary of respiratory system capillary of apparatus respiratorius capillary of respiratory system capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood capillary respiratory system capillary vessel uberon OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius blood capillary OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic blood capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood capillary OBOL:automatic respiratory system capillary vessel OBOL:automatic capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary kidney capillary A capillary that is part of a kidney [Obol]. EMAPA:31443 MA:0002586 SCTID:275409003 UBERON:0003527 blood capillary of kidney capillary of kidney capillary vessel of kidney kidney blood capillary kidney capillary vessel renal capillary uberon OBOL:automatic kidney capillary vessel OBOL:automatic kidney blood capillary OBOL:automatic blood capillary of kidney OBOL:automatic capillary of kidney A capillary that is part of a kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic renal capillary OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of kidney brain grey matter A gray matter of neuraxis that is part of a brain [Obol]. MA:0000810 UBERON:0003528 brain gray matter brain gray matter of neuraxis brain grey substance gray matter of brain gray matter of neuraxis of brain grey matter of brain grey substance of brain ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Gray_Matter uberon OBOL:automatic grey matter of brain OBOL:automatic brain gray matter of neuraxis OBOL:automatic brain grey substance OBOL:automatic gray matter of brain OBOL:automatic gray matter of neuraxis of brain A gray matter of neuraxis that is part of a brain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic grey substance of brain OBOL:automatic brain gray matter respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium An endothelium of lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001825 UBERON:0003529 apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymphatic vessel apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium endothelium of lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel of respiratory system endothelium of lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymphatic vessel of respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium of respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium of respiratory system respiratory system endothelium of lymph vessel respiratory system endothelium of lymphatic vessel respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium uberon OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic lymph vessel endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymphatic vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius An endothelium of lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic lymph vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius foot digit skin A zone of skin that is part of a toe [Obol]. FMA:37852 MA:0000650 SCTID:181530005 UBERON:0003530 digit of foot skin digit of terminal segment of free lower limb skin digitus pedis skin ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_Skin skin of digit of foot skin of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb skin of digitus pedis skin of foot digit skin of terminal segment of free lower limb digit skin of toe terminal segment of free lower limb digit skin toe skin uberon OBOL:automatic skin of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic skin of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit skin OBOL:automatic skin of digit of foot A zone of skin that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin of foot digit OBOL:automatic skin of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic skin of toe OBOL:automatic digit of foot skin OBOL:automatic toe skin OBOL:automatic digitus pedis skin OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb skin forelimb skin A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. FMA:23101 MA:0000617 SCTID:244130001 UBERON:0003531 anteriormost limb skin fore limb skin skin of anteriormost limb skin of fore limb skin of forelimb skin of superior member skin of upper extremity skin of upper limb superior member skin uberon upper extremity skin upper limb skin A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic upper extremity skin OBOL:automatic skin of anteriormost limb FMA:23101 upper limb skin OBOL:automatic fore limb skin FMA:23101 skin of upper limb OBOL:automatic skin of upper extremity OBOL:automatic skin of superior member OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb skin OBOL:automatic skin of forelimb OBOL:automatic skin of fore limb OBOL:automatic superior member skin hindlimb skin A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. FMA:23102 MA:0000665 SCTID:181528008 UBERON:0003532 hind limb skin inferior member skin lower extremity skin lower limb skin skin of hind limb skin of hindlimb skin of inferior member skin of lower extremity skin of lower limb uberon OBOL:automatic hind limb skin OBOL:automatic skin of hind limb FMA:23102 skin of lower limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity skin OBOL:automatic skin of inferior member OBOL:automatic skin of lower extremity OBOL:automatic inferior member skin A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin of hindlimb FMA:23102 lower limb skin hand digit skin A zone of skin that is part of a finger [Obol]. FMA:38304 MA:0000626 SCTID:361711001 UBERON:0003533 digit of hand skin digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin digitus manus skin finger skin ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_Skin skin of digit of hand skin of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin of digitus manus skin of finger skin of hand digit skin of terminal segment of free upper limb digit terminal segment of free upper limb digit skin uberon OBOL:automatic finger skin OBOL:automatic skin of digit of hand A zone of skin that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin of hand digit OBOL:automatic skin of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic digit of hand skin OBOL:automatic skin of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic skin of digitus manus OBOL:automatic digitus manus skin OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit skin OBOL:automatic skin of finger tail skin A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Obol]. MA:0000700 SCTID:67214004 UBERON:0003534 post-vent region skin skin of post-vent region skin of tail uberon OBOL:automatic skin of post-vent region OBOL:automatic post-vent region skin A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin of tail vagus X nerve trunk FMA:6221 MA:0001150 SCTID:280308004 UBERON:0003535 uberon right lung alveolar duct An alveolar duct that is part of a right lung [Obol]. EMAPA:19185 EMAPA:19187 EMAPA:19189 EMAPA:19191 MA:0001785 UBERON:0003536 alveolar duct of right lung ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Alveolar_Duct uberon An alveolar duct that is part of a right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic alveolar duct of right lung left lung alveolar duct An alveolar duct that is part of a left lung [Obol]. EMAPA:19183 MA:0001776 UBERON:0003537 alveolar duct of left lung ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Alveolar_Duct uberon OBOL:automatic alveolar duct of left lung An alveolar duct that is part of a left lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic right lung bronchiole A bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Obol]. EMAPA:19002 EMAPA:19004 EMAPA:19006 EMAPA:19008 MA:0001787 SCTID:200089000 UBERON:0003538 bronchiole of right lung lobular bronchiole of right lung ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Bronchiole right lung lobular bronchiole uberon A bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchiole of right lung OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole of right lung OBOL:automatic right lung lobular bronchiole left lung bronchiole A bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Obol]. EMAPA:19000 MA:0001778 SCTID:200484003 UBERON:0003539 bronchiole of left lung left lung lobular bronchiole lobular bronchiole of left lung ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Bronchiole uberon OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole of left lung A bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic left lung lobular bronchiole OBOL:automatic bronchiole of left lung right lung terminal bronchiole A terminal bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Obol]. MA:0001789 UBERON:0003540 bronchiolus terminalis of right lung ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Terminal_Bronchiole right lung bronchiolus terminalis terminal bronchiole of right lung uberon OBOL:automatic right lung bronchiolus terminalis OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis of right lung OBOL:automatic terminal bronchiole of right lung A terminal bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic left lung terminal bronchiole A terminal bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Obol]. MA:0001780 UBERON:0003541 bronchiolus terminalis of left lung left lung bronchiolus terminalis ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Terminal_Bronchiole terminal bronchiole of left lung uberon OBOL:automatic left lung bronchiolus terminalis A terminal bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis of left lung OBOL:automatic terminal bronchiole of left lung right lung respiratory bronchiole A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Obol]. MA:0001788 UBERON:0003542 bronchiolus respiratorius of right lung ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Respiratory_Bronchiole respiratory bronchiole of right lung right lung bronchiolus respiratorius uberon OBOL:automatic right lung bronchiolus respiratorius OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius of right lung A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic respiratory bronchiole of right lung left lung respiratory bronchiole A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Obol]. MA:0001779 UBERON:0003543 bronchiolus respiratorius of left lung left lung bronchiolus respiratorius ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Respiratory_Bronchiole respiratory bronchiole of left lung uberon OBOL:automatic left lung bronchiolus respiratorius A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic respiratory bronchiole of left lung OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius of left lung brain white matter MA:0000820 UBERON:0003544 brain white matter of neuraxis brain white substance ncithesaurus:Brain_White_Matter the regions of the brain that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites. uberon white matter of brain white matter of neuraxis of brain white substance of brain OBOL:automatic white substance of brain OBOL:automatic brain white matter of neuraxis MP:0008026 the regions of the brain that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites. OBOL:automatic brain white substance OBOL:automatic white matter of brain OBOL:automatic white matter of neuraxis of brain brainstem white matter UBERON:0003545 obsoleted as definition is unclear. cerebellar peduncle originally classified here but in ABA brainstem and cerbellum are spatially disjoint true uberon distal convoluted tubule macula densa A macula densa that is part of a distal convoluted tubule [Obol]. MA:0001668 UBERON:0003546 uberon MA A macula densa that is part of a distal convoluted tubule [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA brain meninx A meninx that is part of a brain [Obol]. EV:0100312 MA:0000813 UBERON:0003547 VHOG:0000013 brain meninges meninges of brain meninx of brain uberon OBOL:automatic meninges of brain OBOL:automatic brain meninges A meninx that is part of a brain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic meninx of brain forebrain meninges A meninx that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. EMAPA:17764 EMAPA:17774 MA:0000883 UBERON:0003548 forebrain meninx meninges of forebrain meninx of forebrain uberon OBOL:automatic forebrain meninx A meninx that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic meninges of forebrain OBOL:automatic meninx of forebrain brain pia mater EV:0100315 MA:0000816 UBERON:0003549 VHOG:0000470 brain pia mater of neuraxis ncithesaurus:Brain_Pia_Mater pia mater of brain pia mater of neuraxis of brain the fibrous membrane forming the innermost of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity that is firmly attached to the glial capsule. uberon MP:0009026 the fibrous membrane forming the innermost of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity that is firmly attached to the glial capsule. OBOL:automatic pia mater of brain OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of brain OBOL:automatic brain pia mater of neuraxis forebrain pia mater A pia mater that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. EMAPA:17767 EMAPA:17777 MA:0000886 UBERON:0003550 forebrain pia mater of neuraxis pia mater of forebrain pia mater of neuraxis of forebrain uberon OBOL:automatic pia mater of forebrain A pia mater that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of forebrain OBOL:automatic forebrain pia mater of neuraxis midbrain pia mater A pia mater that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001175 EMAPA:17794 MA:0001061 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001110 UBERON:0003551 VHOG:0000467 midbrain pia mater of neuraxis pia mater of midbrain pia mater of neuraxis of midbrain uberon A pia mater that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pia mater of midbrain OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain pia mater of neuraxis telencephalon pia mater A pia mater that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001992 EMAPA:17777 MA:0000982 UBERON:0003552 VHOG:0000476 pia mater of neuraxis of telencephalon pia mater of telencephalon telencephalon pia mater of neuraxis uberon A pia mater that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of telencephalon OBOL:automatic telencephalon pia mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic pia mater of telencephalon diencephalon pia mater A pia mater that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000400 EMAPA:17767 MA:0000829 UBERON:0003553 VHOG:0000475 between brain pia mater between brain pia mater of neuraxis diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis interbrain pia mater interbrain pia mater of neuraxis mature diencephalon pia mater mature diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis pia mater of between brain pia mater of diencephalon pia mater of interbrain pia mater of mature diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis of between brain pia mater of neuraxis of diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis of interbrain pia mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon uberon OBOL:automatic pia mater of interbrain OBOL:automatic between brain pia mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic pia mater of diencephalon OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of interbrain OBOL:automatic pia mater of mature diencephalon A pia mater that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of diencephalon OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of between brain OBOL:automatic interbrain pia mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic between brain pia mater OBOL:automatic pia mater of between brain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon pia mater OBOL:automatic interbrain pia mater hindbrain pia mater A pia mater that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000772 EMAPA:17786 MA:0000990 UBERON:0003554 VHOG:0000466 hindbrain pia mater of neuraxis pia mater of hindbrain pia mater of neuraxis of hindbrain uberon OBOL:automatic pia mater of hindbrain OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of hindbrain OBOL:automatic hindbrain pia mater of neuraxis A pia mater that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic spinal cord pia mater A pia mater that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001896 EMAPA:17807 MA:0001133 UBERON:0003555 VHOG:0000468 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Pia_Mater pia mater of neuraxis of spinal cord pia mater of spinal cord spinal cord pia mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic pia mater of neuraxis of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord pia mater of neuraxis A pia mater that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pia mater of spinal cord forebrain arachnoid mater An arachnoid mater that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. EMAPA:17765 EMAPA:17775 MA:0000884 UBERON:0003556 arachnoid mater of forebrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis of forebrain arachnoid of forebrain forebrain arachnoid forebrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of forebrain An arachnoid mater that is part of a forebrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic forebrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of forebrain OBOL:automatic arachnoid of forebrain OBOL:automatic forebrain arachnoid midbrain arachnoid mater An arachnoid mater that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. EMAPA:17792 MA:0001059 UBERON:0003557 VHOG:0000233 arachnoid mater of midbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis of midbrain arachnoid of midbrain midbrain arachnoid midbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic arachnoid of midbrain An arachnoid mater that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of midbrain OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic midbrain arachnoid diencephalon arachnoid mater An arachnoid mater that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EMAPA:17765 MA:0000827 UBERON:0003558 VHOG:0000231 arachnoid mater of between brain arachnoid mater of diencephalon arachnoid mater of interbrain arachnoid mater of mature diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis of between brain arachnoid mater of neuraxis of diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis of interbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon arachnoid of between brain arachnoid of diencephalon arachnoid of interbrain arachnoid of mature diencephalon between brain arachnoid between brain arachnoid mater between brain arachnoid mater of neuraxis diencephalon arachnoid diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis interbrain arachnoid interbrain arachnoid mater interbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis mature diencephalon arachnoid mature diencephalon arachnoid mater mature diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of between brain OBOL:automatic arachnoid of interbrain OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of between brain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon arachnoid mater OBOL:automatic arachnoid of between brain OBOL:automatic arachnoid of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic interbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic arachnoid of diencephalon OBOL:automatic between brain arachnoid mater OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of interbrain OBOL:automatic between brain arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of diencephalon OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of diencephalon OBOL:automatic diencephalon arachnoid An arachnoid mater that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of interbrain OBOL:automatic interbrain arachnoid mater OBOL:automatic between brain arachnoid OBOL:automatic interbrain arachnoid OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon arachnoid hindbrain arachnoid mater An arachnoid mater that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. EMAPA:17784 MA:0000988 UBERON:0003559 VHOG:0000236 arachnoid mater of hindbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis of hindbrain arachnoid of hindbrain hindbrain arachnoid hindbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of hindbrain OBOL:automatic hindbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic hindbrain arachnoid OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of hindbrain OBOL:automatic arachnoid of hindbrain An arachnoid mater that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic spinal cord arachnoid mater An arachnoid mater that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. EMAPA:17805 MA:0001131 UBERON:0003560 VHOG:0000234 arachnoid mater of neuraxis of spinal cord arachnoid mater of spinal cord arachnoid of spinal cord spinal cord arachnoid spinal cord arachnoid mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic spinal cord arachnoid mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic arachnoid of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord arachnoid An arachnoid mater that is part of a spinal cord [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of neuraxis of spinal cord OBOL:automatic arachnoid mater of spinal cord forebrain dura mater EMAPA:17766 MA:0000885 UBERON:0003561 dura mater of forebrain dura mater of neuraxis of forebrain forebrain dura mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic forebrain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic dura mater of forebrain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of forebrain midbrain dura mater A dura mater that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. EMAPA:17793 MA:0001060 UBERON:0003562 VHOG:0000410 dura mater of midbrain dura mater of neuraxis of midbrain midbrain dura mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of midbrain A dura mater that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic dura mater of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain dura mater of neuraxis telencephalon dura mater A dura mater that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. MA:0000981 UBERON:0003563 dura mater of neuraxis of telencephalon dura mater of telencephalon telencephalon dura mater of neuraxis uberon A dura mater that is part of a telencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of telencephalon OBOL:automatic dura mater of telencephalon OBOL:automatic telencephalon dura mater of neuraxis diencephalon dura mater A dura mater that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EMAPA:17766 MA:0000828 UBERON:0003564 VHOG:0000258 between brain dura mater between brain dura mater of neuraxis diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis dura mater of between brain dura mater of diencephalon dura mater of interbrain dura mater of mature diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis of between brain dura mater of neuraxis of diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis of interbrain dura mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon interbrain dura mater interbrain dura mater of neuraxis mature diencephalon dura mater mature diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of between brain OBOL:automatic interbrain dura mater of neuraxis A dura mater that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon dura mater OBOL:automatic dura mater of interbrain OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic dura mater of diencephalon OBOL:automatic interbrain dura mater OBOL:automatic between brain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of diencephalon OBOL:automatic dura mater of between brain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic dura mater of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic between brain dura mater OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of interbrain hindbrain dura mater A dura mater that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. EMAPA:17785 MA:0000989 UBERON:0003565 VHOG:0000409 dura mater of hindbrain dura mater of neuraxis of hindbrain hindbrain dura mater of neuraxis uberon OBOL:automatic hindbrain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic dura mater of hindbrain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of hindbrain A dura mater that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic head connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Obol]. MA:0000577 UBERON:0003566 adult head connective tissue adult head portion of connective tissue adult head textus connectivus connective tissue of adult head connective tissue of head head portion of connective tissue head textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of adult head portion of connective tissue of head textus connectivus of adult head textus connectivus of head uberon OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of adult head OBOL:automatic connective tissue of adult head A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic adult head portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic head textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of adult head OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of head OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of head OBOL:automatic adult head textus connectivus OBOL:automatic head portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of head OBOL:automatic adult head connective tissue abdomen connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. MA:0000519 UBERON:0003567 abdomen portion of connective tissue abdomen textus connectivus connective tissue of abdomen portion of connective tissue of abdomen textus connectivus of abdomen uberon OBOL:automatic abdomen portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of abdomen OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of abdomen OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of abdomen OBOL:automatic abdomen textus connectivus A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic neck connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Obol]. MA:0000585 UBERON:0003568 connective tissue of neck connective tissue of neck (volume) neck (volume) connective tissue neck (volume) portion of connective tissue neck (volume) textus connectivus neck portion of connective tissue neck textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of neck portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) textus connectivus of neck textus connectivus of neck (volume) uberon A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic neck (volume) connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of neck OBOL:automatic neck (volume) textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of neck OBOL:automatic neck (volume) portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of neck OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic connective tissue of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic neck textus connectivus leg connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Obol]. MA:0000671 UBERON:0003569 connective tissue of leg leg portion of connective tissue leg textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of leg textus connectivus of leg uberon OBOL:automatic connective tissue of leg A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of leg OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of leg OBOL:automatic leg textus connectivus OBOL:automatic leg portion of connective tissue respiratory system connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001814 UBERON:0003570 apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system textus connectivus OBOL:automatic respiratory system portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic trachea connective tissue MA:0001853 UBERON:0003571 connective tissue of trachea connective tissue of windpipe portion of connective tissue of trachea portion of connective tissue of windpipe textus connectivus of trachea textus connectivus of windpipe trachea portion of connective tissue trachea textus connectivus uberon windpipe connective tissue windpipe portion of connective tissue windpipe textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic windpipe textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of trachea OBOL:automatic connective tissue of trachea OBOL:automatic trachea textus connectivus OBOL:automatic trachea portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of trachea OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of windpipe OBOL:automatic windpipe portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic windpipe connective tissue chest connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Obol]. MA:0000550 UBERON:0003572 anterior thoracic region connective tissue anterior thoracic region portion of connective tissue anterior thoracic region textus connectivus anterolateral part of thorax connective tissue anterolateral part of thorax portion of connective tissue anterolateral part of thorax textus connectivus chest portion of connective tissue chest textus connectivus connective tissue of anterior thoracic region connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax connective tissue of chest connective tissue of front of thorax front of thorax connective tissue front of thorax portion of connective tissue front of thorax textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of anterior thoracic region portion of connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax portion of connective tissue of chest portion of connective tissue of front of thorax textus connectivus of anterior thoracic region textus connectivus of anterolateral part of thorax textus connectivus of chest textus connectivus of front of thorax uberon OBOL:automatic connective tissue of front of thorax OBOL:automatic front of thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of front of thorax OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of chest OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of front of thorax OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic front of thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic chest textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of chest OBOL:automatic connective tissue of chest OBOL:automatic front of thorax connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic chest portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of anterior thoracic region arm connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Obol]. MA:0000593 UBERON:0003573 arm portion of connective tissue arm textus connectivus brachial region connective tissue brachial region portion of connective tissue brachial region textus connectivus connective tissue of arm connective tissue of brachial region connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of arm portion of connective tissue of brachial region portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus textus connectivus of arm textus connectivus of brachial region textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb uberon OBOL:automatic brachial region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic brachial region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of arm A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of brachial region OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of arm OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic brachial region connective tissue OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of brachial region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of arm OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of brachial region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue elbow connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a elbow [Obol]. MA:0000609 UBERON:0003574 connective tissue of cubital region connective tissue of elbow cubital region connective tissue cubital region portion of connective tissue cubital region textus connectivus elbow portion of connective tissue elbow textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of cubital region portion of connective tissue of elbow textus connectivus of cubital region textus connectivus of elbow uberon OBOL:automatic cubital region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of cubital region OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of elbow OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cubital region OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cubital region OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of elbow OBOL:automatic cubital region connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a elbow [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic elbow portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of elbow OBOL:automatic elbow textus connectivus OBOL:automatic cubital region textus connectivus wrist connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Obol]. MA:0000636 UBERON:0003575 carpal region connective tissue carpal region portion of connective tissue carpal region textus connectivus connective tissue of carpal region connective tissue of wrist portion of connective tissue of carpal region portion of connective tissue of wrist textus connectivus of carpal region textus connectivus of wrist uberon wrist portion of connective tissue wrist textus connectivus OBOL:automatic carpal region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of wrist OBOL:automatic carpal region connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of carpal region A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic wrist portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of wrist OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of carpal region OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of wrist OBOL:automatic carpal region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of carpal region OBOL:automatic wrist textus connectivus hip connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Obol]. MA:0000656 UBERON:0003576 connective tissue of hip connective tissue of hip region connective tissue of regio coxae hip portion of connective tissue hip region connective tissue hip region portion of connective tissue hip region textus connectivus hip textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of hip portion of connective tissue of hip region portion of connective tissue of regio coxae regio coxae connective tissue regio coxae portion of connective tissue regio coxae textus connectivus textus connectivus of hip textus connectivus of hip region textus connectivus of regio coxae uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hip region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hip OBOL:automatic hip region connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hip OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hip region OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hip region OBOL:automatic hip region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hip OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of regio coxae OBOL:automatic regio coxae portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hip region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hip portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic regio coxae textus connectivus OBOL:automatic regio coxae connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of regio coxae OBOL:automatic connective tissue of regio coxae OBOL:automatic hip textus connectivus knee connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a knee [Obol]. MA:0000667 UBERON:0003577 connective tissue of knee knee portion of connective tissue knee textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of knee textus connectivus of knee uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of knee OBOL:automatic knee textus connectivus OBOL:automatic knee portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of knee OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of knee A portion of connective tissue that is part of a knee [Obol]. OBOL:automatic foot digit connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a toe [Obol]. MA:0000647 UBERON:0003578 connective tissue of digit of foot connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb connective tissue of digitus pedis connective tissue of foot digit connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb digit connective tissue of toe digit of foot connective tissue digit of foot portion of connective tissue digit of foot textus connectivus digit of terminal segment of free lower limb connective tissue digit of terminal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue digit of terminal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus digitus pedis connective tissue digitus pedis portion of connective tissue digitus pedis textus connectivus foot digit portion of connective tissue foot digit textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of digit of foot portion of connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue of digitus pedis portion of connective tissue of foot digit portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb digit portion of connective tissue of toe terminal segment of free lower limb digit connective tissue terminal segment of free lower limb digit portion of connective tissue terminal segment of free lower limb digit textus connectivus textus connectivus of digit of foot textus connectivus of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus of digitus pedis textus connectivus of foot digit textus connectivus of terminal segment of free lower limb digit textus connectivus of toe toe connective tissue toe portion of connective tissue toe textus connectivus uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of digit of foot OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic foot digit textus connectivus OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of toe OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic toe portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic digit of foot textus connectivus OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit textus connectivus A portion of connective tissue that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digitus pedis textus connectivus OBOL:automatic digit of foot portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic digit of foot connective tissue OBOL:automatic toe connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of foot digit OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of toe OBOL:automatic digitus pedis connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digit of foot OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic foot digit portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic toe textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of foot digit OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of foot digit OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of digit of foot OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of toe OBOL:automatic connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic digitus pedis portion of connective tissue shoulder connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. MA:0000632 UBERON:0003579 connective tissue of shoulder portion of connective tissue of shoulder shoulder portion of connective tissue shoulder textus connectivus textus connectivus of shoulder uberon OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of shoulder OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of shoulder A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic shoulder portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic shoulder textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of shoulder lower respiratory tract connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. MA:0002409 UBERON:0003580 connective tissue of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue lower respiratory tract textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract uberon OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract textus connectivus OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract eyelid connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. MA:0001251 UBERON:0003581 blepharon connective tissue blepharon portion of connective tissue blepharon textus connectivus connective tissue of blepharon connective tissue of eyelid eyelid portion of connective tissue eyelid textus connectivus ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Connective_Tissue portion of connective tissue of blepharon portion of connective tissue of eyelid textus connectivus of blepharon textus connectivus of eyelid uberon OBOL:automatic blepharon textus connectivus OBOL:automatic eyelid textus connectivus OBOL:automatic eyelid portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic blepharon connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of blepharon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of blepharon OBOL:automatic blepharon portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of eyelid OBOL:automatic connective tissue of blepharon A portion of connective tissue that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of eyelid OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of eyelid nasopharynx connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Obol]. MA:0001864 UBERON:0003582 connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx connective tissue of nasopharynx connective tissue of rhinopharynx nasal part of pharynx connective tissue nasal part of pharynx portion of connective tissue nasal part of pharynx textus connectivus nasopharynx portion of connective tissue nasopharynx textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx portion of connective tissue of nasopharynx portion of connective tissue of rhinopharynx rhinopharynx connective tissue rhinopharynx portion of connective tissue rhinopharynx textus connectivus textus connectivus of nasal part of pharynx textus connectivus of nasopharynx textus connectivus of rhinopharynx uberon A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nasopharynx textus connectivus OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic nasopharynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx textus connectivus OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of nasopharynx larynx connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Obol]. MA:0001754 UBERON:0003583 connective tissue of larynx larynx portion of connective tissue larynx textus connectivus ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Connective_Tissue portion of connective tissue of larynx textus connectivus of larynx uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of larynx OBOL:automatic larynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of larynx OBOL:automatic connective tissue of larynx A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic larynx textus connectivus mammary gland connective tissue FMA:74479 MA:0002897 UBERON:0003584 connective tissue of lactiferous gland connective tissue of lobe of breast connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland connective tissue of mammary gland lactiferous gland connective tissue lactiferous gland portion of connective tissue lactiferous gland textus connectivus lobe of breast connective tissue lobe of breast portion of connective tissue lobe of breast textus connectivus lobe of mammary gland connective tissue lobe of mammary gland portion of connective tissue lobe of mammary gland textus connectivus mammary gland portion of connective tissue mammary gland textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of lactiferous gland portion of connective tissue of lobe of breast portion of connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland portion of connective tissue of mammary gland textus connectivus of lactiferous gland textus connectivus of lobe of breast textus connectivus of lobe of mammary gland textus connectivus of mammary gland the fibrous supportive tissue of the mammary gland. uberon OBOL:automatic lobe of breast portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic connective tissue of mammary gland MP:0009507 the fibrous supportive tissue of the mammary gland. OBOL:automatic mammary gland portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland textus connectivus OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of breast connective tissue OBOL:automatic mammary gland textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lactiferous gland dermis connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Obol]. MA:0000799 UBERON:0003585 connective tissue of dermis dermis portion of connective tissue dermis textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of dermis textus connectivus of dermis uberon OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of dermis UBERONREF:0000002 OBOL:automatic connective tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic dermis textus connectivus A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic dermis portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of dermis trunk connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Obol]. MA:0000513 UBERON:0003586 connective tissue of torso connective tissue of trunk portion of connective tissue of torso portion of connective tissue of trunk textus connectivus of torso textus connectivus of trunk torso connective tissue torso portion of connective tissue torso textus connectivus trunk portion of connective tissue trunk textus connectivus uberon OBOL:automatic connective tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic torso connective tissue OBOL:automatic trunk textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of torso OBOL:automatic torso portion of connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of torso OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of trunk OBOL:automatic connective tissue of torso OBOL:automatic trunk portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic torso textus connectivus limb connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Obol]. MA:0000689 UBERON:0003587 connective tissue of limb limb portion of connective tissue limb textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of limb textus connectivus of limb uberon OBOL:automatic limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of limb OBOL:automatic limb textus connectivus A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of limb forelimb connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. MA:0000613 UBERON:0003588 anteriormost limb connective tissue anteriormost limb portion of connective tissue anteriormost limb textus connectivus connective tissue of anteriormost limb connective tissue of fore limb connective tissue of forelimb connective tissue of superior member connective tissue of upper extremity fore limb connective tissue fore limb portion of connective tissue fore limb textus connectivus forelimb portion of connective tissue forelimb textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of anteriormost limb portion of connective tissue of fore limb portion of connective tissue of forelimb portion of connective tissue of superior member portion of connective tissue of upper extremity superior member connective tissue superior member portion of connective tissue superior member textus connectivus textus connectivus of anteriormost limb textus connectivus of fore limb textus connectivus of forelimb textus connectivus of superior member textus connectivus of upper extremity uberon upper extremity connective tissue upper extremity portion of connective tissue upper extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic superior member portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic superior member connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of fore limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of superior member OBOL:automatic fore limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic forelimb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic fore limb textus connectivus A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of upper extremity OBOL:automatic forelimb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic superior member textus connectivus OBOL:automatic fore limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of fore limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of forelimb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of upper extremity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of forelimb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of upper extremity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of superior member OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic upper extremity connective tissue OBOL:automatic upper extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of fore limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of forelimb OBOL:automatic upper extremity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of superior member hindlimb connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. MA:0000661 UBERON:0003589 connective tissue of hind limb connective tissue of hindlimb connective tissue of inferior member connective tissue of lower extremity hind limb connective tissue hind limb portion of connective tissue hind limb textus connectivus hindlimb portion of connective tissue hindlimb textus connectivus inferior member connective tissue inferior member portion of connective tissue inferior member textus connectivus lower extremity connective tissue lower extremity portion of connective tissue lower extremity textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of hind limb portion of connective tissue of hindlimb portion of connective tissue of inferior member portion of connective tissue of lower extremity textus connectivus of hind limb textus connectivus of hindlimb textus connectivus of inferior member textus connectivus of lower extremity uberon OBOL:automatic lower extremity connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hind limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hind limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hindlimb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hind limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower extremity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hind limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower extremity A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hindlimb OBOL:automatic inferior member textus connectivus OBOL:automatic inferior member portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of inferior member OBOL:automatic inferior member connective tissue OBOL:automatic hind limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hindlimb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of inferior member OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower extremity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of inferior member main bronchus connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001845 UBERON:0003590 bronchus principalis connective tissue bronchus principalis portion of connective tissue bronchus principalis textus connectivus connective tissue of bronchus principalis connective tissue of main bronchus connective tissue of primary bronchus connective tissue of principal bronchus main bronchus portion of connective tissue main bronchus textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of bronchus principalis portion of connective tissue of main bronchus portion of connective tissue of primary bronchus portion of connective tissue of principal bronchus primary bronchus connective tissue primary bronchus portion of connective tissue primary bronchus textus connectivus principal bronchus connective tissue principal bronchus portion of connective tissue principal bronchus textus connectivus textus connectivus of bronchus principalis textus connectivus of main bronchus textus connectivus of primary bronchus textus connectivus of principal bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic main bronchus textus connectivus OBOL:automatic principal bronchus portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of main bronchus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of main bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of principal bronchus A portion of connective tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic principal bronchus textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of main bronchus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic principal bronchus connective tissue OBOL:automatic primary bronchus textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus connective tissue OBOL:automatic main bronchus portion of connective tissue lobar bronchus connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lobar bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001841 UBERON:0003591 connective tissue of lobar bronchus connective tissue of secondary bronchus lobar bronchus portion of connective tissue lobar bronchus textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of lobar bronchus portion of connective tissue of secondary bronchus secondary bronchus connective tissue secondary bronchus portion of connective tissue secondary bronchus textus connectivus textus connectivus of lobar bronchus textus connectivus of secondary bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lobar bronchus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lobar bronchus OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus portion of connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lobar bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lobar bronchus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus textus connectivus OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus textus connectivus bronchus connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001831 UBERON:0003592 bronchi connective tissue bronchi portion of connective tissue bronchi textus connectivus bronchial trunk connective tissue bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue bronchial trunk textus connectivus bronchus portion of connective tissue bronchus textus connectivus connective tissue of bronchi connective tissue of bronchial trunk connective tissue of bronchus ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Connective_Tissue portion of connective tissue of bronchi portion of connective tissue of bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue of bronchus textus connectivus of bronchi textus connectivus of bronchial trunk textus connectivus of bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic connective tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of bronchi A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of bronchi OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchus portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk textus connectivus OBOL:automatic bronchi connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic connective tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus textus connectivus OBOL:automatic bronchi textus connectivus thoracic cavity connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. MA:0000555 UBERON:0003593 cavity of chest connective tissue cavity of chest portion of connective tissue cavity of chest textus connectivus cavity of thorax connective tissue cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue cavity of thorax textus connectivus chest cavity connective tissue chest cavity portion of connective tissue chest cavity textus connectivus connective tissue of cavity of chest connective tissue of cavity of thorax connective tissue of chest cavity connective tissue of pectoral cavity connective tissue of thoracic cavity pectoral cavity connective tissue pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue pectoral cavity textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue of chest cavity portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity textus connectivus of cavity of chest textus connectivus of cavity of thorax textus connectivus of chest cavity textus connectivus of pectoral cavity textus connectivus of thoracic cavity thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue thoracic cavity textus connectivus uberon OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of chest cavity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic cavity of chest connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of chest textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic chest cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of chest cavity OBOL:automatic chest cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of chest portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic chest cavity connective tissue OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of chest cavity pelvis connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. MA:0000533 UBERON:0003594 connective tissue of pelvis pelvis portion of connective tissue pelvis textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of pelvis textus connectivus of pelvis uberon OBOL:automatic connective tissue of pelvis OBOL:automatic pelvis portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of pelvis OBOL:automatic pelvis textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of pelvis A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic foot connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Obol]. MA:0000644 UBERON:0003595 autopod of hind limb connective tissue autopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue autopod of hind limb textus connectivus autopod of hindlimb connective tissue autopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue autopod of hindlimb textus connectivus autopod of inferior member connective tissue autopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue autopod of inferior member textus connectivus autopod of lower extremity connective tissue autopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue autopod of lower extremity textus connectivus connective tissue of autopod of hind limb connective tissue of autopod of hindlimb connective tissue of autopod of inferior member connective tissue of autopod of lower extremity connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hind limb connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue of distal free limb segment of inferior member connective tissue of distal free limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue of foot connective tissue of hind limb autopod connective tissue of hind limb distal free limb segment connective tissue of hindlimb autopod connective tissue of hindlimb distal free limb segment connective tissue of inferior member autopod connective tissue of inferior member distal free limb segment connective tissue of lower extremity autopod connective tissue of lower extremity distal free limb segment connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb distal free limb segment of hind limb connective tissue distal free limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue distal free limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus distal free limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue distal free limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue distal free limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus distal free limb segment of inferior member connective tissue distal free limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue distal free limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus distal free limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue distal free limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue distal free limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus foot portion of connective tissue foot textus connectivus hind limb autopod connective tissue hind limb autopod portion of connective tissue hind limb autopod textus connectivus hind limb distal free limb segment connective tissue hind limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue hind limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus hindlimb autopod connective tissue hindlimb autopod portion of connective tissue hindlimb autopod textus connectivus hindlimb distal free limb segment connective tissue hindlimb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue hindlimb distal free limb segment textus connectivus inferior member autopod connective tissue inferior member autopod portion of connective tissue inferior member autopod textus connectivus inferior member distal free limb segment connective tissue inferior member distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue inferior member distal free limb segment textus connectivus lower extremity autopod connective tissue lower extremity autopod portion of connective tissue lower extremity autopod textus connectivus lower extremity distal free limb segment connective tissue lower extremity distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue lower extremity distal free limb segment textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of autopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue of autopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue of autopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue of autopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue of foot portion of connective tissue of hind limb autopod portion of connective tissue of hind limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue of hindlimb autopod portion of connective tissue of hindlimb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue of inferior member autopod portion of connective tissue of inferior member distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue of lower extremity autopod portion of connective tissue of lower extremity distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb terminal segment of free lower limb connective tissue terminal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue terminal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus textus connectivus of autopod of hind limb textus connectivus of autopod of hindlimb textus connectivus of autopod of inferior member textus connectivus of autopod of lower extremity textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus of foot textus connectivus of hind limb autopod textus connectivus of hind limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus of hindlimb autopod textus connectivus of hindlimb distal free limb segment textus connectivus of inferior member autopod textus connectivus of inferior member distal free limb segment textus connectivus of lower extremity autopod textus connectivus of lower extremity distal free limb segment textus connectivus of terminal segment of free lower limb uberon OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member connective tissue OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of foot OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of autopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of autopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of foot OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity distal free limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of inferior member distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic hind limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of inferior member connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of autopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic autopod of hindlimb connective tissue OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic autopod of inferior member textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hind limb autopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of autopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic foot portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower extremity autopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower extremity autopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of autopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic inferior member distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of autopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of autopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hind limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic connective tissue of autopod of hindlimb A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic connective tissue of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member autopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hind limb autopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of inferior member autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of lower extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower extremity distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic connective tissue of distal free limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic foot textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of foot OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hind limb ankle connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Obol]. MA:0000639 UBERON:0003596 ankle portion of connective tissue ankle textus connectivus connective tissue of ankle portion of connective tissue of ankle tarsal region connective tissue textus connectivus of ankle uberon A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ankle portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of ankle OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of ankle OBOL:automatic connective tissue of ankle OBOL:automatic ankle textus connectivus UBERON:cjm tarsal region connective tissue hand digit connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Obol]. MA:0000623 UBERON:0003597 connective tissue of digit of hand connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb connective tissue of digitus manus connective tissue of finger connective tissue of hand digit connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb digit digit of hand connective tissue digit of hand portion of connective tissue digit of hand textus connectivus digit of terminal segment of free upper limb connective tissue digit of terminal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue digit of terminal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus digitus manus connective tissue digitus manus portion of connective tissue digitus manus textus connectivus finger connective tissue finger portion of connective tissue finger textus connectivus hand digit portion of connective tissue hand digit textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of digit of hand portion of connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of digitus manus portion of connective tissue of finger portion of connective tissue of hand digit portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb digit terminal segment of free upper limb digit connective tissue terminal segment of free upper limb digit portion of connective tissue terminal segment of free upper limb digit textus connectivus textus connectivus of digit of hand textus connectivus of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus of digitus manus textus connectivus of finger textus connectivus of hand digit textus connectivus of terminal segment of free upper limb digit uberon OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit textus connectivus OBOL:automatic finger portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digit of hand OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hand digit textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of digit of hand OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hand digit OBOL:automatic hand digit portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hand digit OBOL:automatic connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic digit of hand textus connectivus A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digitus manus portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic finger textus connectivus OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic digit of hand connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of digitus manus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hand digit OBOL:automatic digit of hand portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of digitus manus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic digitus manus textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of finger OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of digit of hand OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digitus manus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of finger OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic finger connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of finger OBOL:automatic digitus manus connective tissue hand connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Obol]. MA:0000620 UBERON:0003598 arm autopod connective tissue arm autopod portion of connective tissue arm autopod textus connectivus arm distal free limb segment connective tissue arm distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue arm distal free limb segment textus connectivus autopod of arm connective tissue autopod of arm portion of connective tissue autopod of arm textus connectivus autopod of brachial region connective tissue autopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue autopod of brachial region textus connectivus autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus brachial region autopod connective tissue brachial region autopod portion of connective tissue brachial region autopod textus connectivus brachial region distal free limb segment connective tissue brachial region distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue brachial region distal free limb segment textus connectivus connective tissue of arm autopod connective tissue of arm distal free limb segment connective tissue of autopod of arm connective tissue of autopod of brachial region connective tissue of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue of brachial region autopod connective tissue of brachial region distal free limb segment connective tissue of distal free limb segment of arm connective tissue of distal free limb segment of brachial region connective tissue of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue of hand connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment of arm connective tissue distal free limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue distal free limb segment of arm textus connectivus distal free limb segment of brachial region connective tissue distal free limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue distal free limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus hand portion of connective tissue hand textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of arm autopod portion of connective tissue of arm distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue of autopod of arm portion of connective tissue of autopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of brachial region autopod portion of connective tissue of brachial region distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of hand portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb autopod connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb autopod portion of connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb autopod textus connectivus proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus terminal segment of free upper limb connective tissue terminal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue terminal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus textus connectivus of arm autopod textus connectivus of arm distal free limb segment textus connectivus of autopod of arm textus connectivus of autopod of brachial region textus connectivus of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus of brachial region autopod textus connectivus of brachial region distal free limb segment textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of arm textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus of hand textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus of terminal segment of free upper limb uberon OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic arm autopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of distal free limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of arm autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic hand textus connectivus OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic autopod of arm connective tissue OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of arm distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic arm autopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb autopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of autopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of arm autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic arm autopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hand OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hand OBOL:automatic connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of brachial region distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of arm A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod of arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic hand portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic brachial region autopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic brachial region distal free limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of brachial region autopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic connective tissue of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of arm distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic connective tissue of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of arm autopod OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hand OBOL:automatic autopod of brachial region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of distal free limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment of arm connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of autopod of arm OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of arm distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic arm distal free limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb tail connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Obol]. MA:0000697 UBERON:0003599 connective tissue of post-vent region connective tissue of tail portion of connective tissue of post-vent region portion of connective tissue of tail post-vent region connective tissue post-vent region portion of connective tissue post-vent region textus connectivus tail portion of connective tissue tail textus connectivus textus connectivus of post-vent region textus connectivus of tail uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of post-vent region OBOL:automatic tail portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic post-vent region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of post-vent region OBOL:automatic post-vent region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of tail OBOL:automatic post-vent region connective tissue OBOL:automatic tail textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of tail OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of tail OBOL:automatic connective tissue of post-vent region A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Obol]. OBOL:automatic neck cartilage A cartilage that is part of a neck [Obol]. MA:0000586 UBERON:0003601 cartilage of neck cartilage of neck (volume) neck (volume) cartilage uberon OBOL:automatic neck (volume) cartilage A cartilage that is part of a neck [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cartilage of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic cartilage of neck lower respiratory tract cartilage A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. MA:0001819 UBERON:0003603 cartilage of lower respiratory tract ncithesaurus:Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Cartilage uberon OBOL:automatic cartilage of lower respiratory tract A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic trachea cartilage EMAPA:18699 FMA:7434 MA:0001857 SCTID:278979006 The cartilages of the trachea (or tracheal rings) vary from sixteen to twenty in number: each forms an imperfect ring, which occupies the anterior two-thirds or so of the circumference of the trachea, being deficient behind, where the tube is completed by fibrous tissue and unstriped muscular fibers. UBERON:0003604 cartilage of the trachea cartilage of trachea cartilage of windpipe cartilagines tracheales cartilaginous ring of trachea cartilaginous trachea cartilage cartilago trachealis ncithesaurus:Trachea_Cartilage ring of the trachea tracheal cartilage tracheal ring uberon windpipe cartilage The cartilages of the trachea (or tracheal rings) vary from sixteen to twenty in number: each forms an imperfect ring, which occupies the anterior two-thirds or so of the circumference of the trachea, being deficient behind, where the tube is completed by fibrous tissue and unstriped muscular fibers. Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings FMA:7434 cartilago trachealis Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings tracheal ring EMAPA:18699 cartilaginous ring of trachea Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings cartilagines tracheales Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings cartilage of the trachea FMA:7434 tracheal cartilage OBOL:automatic windpipe cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilaginous trachea cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of windpipe Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings ring of the trachea OBOL:automatic cartilage of trachea eye skin gland A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Obol]. MA:0002451 UBERON:0003605 camera-type eye skin gland camera-type eye skin glands camera-type eye skin glands set skin gland of camera-type eye skin gland of vertebrate eye skin glands of camera-type eye skin glands of vertebrate eye skin glands set of camera-type eye skin glands set of vertebrate eye uberon vertebrate eye skin gland vertebrate eye skin glands vertebrate eye skin glands set OBOL:automatic skin gland of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin glands OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin glands set OBOL:automatic skin glands set of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin gland OBOL:automatic skin glands of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin glands A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin gland of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin glands set OBOL:automatic skin glands set of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin gland OBOL:automatic skin glands of vertebrate eye limb long bone A long bone that is part of a limb [Obol]. MA:0000298 UBERON:0003606 long bone of limb uberon A long bone that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of limb forelimb long bone A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. MA:0000299 UBERON:0003607 anteriormost limb long bone fore limb long bone long bone of anteriormost limb long bone of fore limb long bone of forelimb long bone of superior member long bone of upper extremity superior member long bone uberon upper extremity long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of upper extremity A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of superior member OBOL:automatic superior member long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of fore limb OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic long bone of forelimb OBOL:automatic upper extremity long bone OBOL:automatic fore limb long bone hindlimb long bone A long bone that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. MA:0000300 UBERON:0003608 hind limb long bone inferior member long bone long bone of hind limb long bone of hindlimb long bone of inferior member long bone of lower extremity lower extremity long bone uberon OBOL:automatic lower extremity long bone OBOL:automatic hind limb long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of hindlimb OBOL:automatic long bone of lower extremity OBOL:automatic inferior member long bone A long bone that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of hind limb OBOL:automatic long bone of inferior member aorta elastic tissue MA:0002859 UBERON:0003609 adult aorta elastic connective tissue adult aorta elastic tissue adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus aorta elastic connective tissue aorta textus connectivus elasticus dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue dorsal aorta elastic tissue dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of adult aorta elastic connective tissue of aorta elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue of adult aorta elastic tissue of aorta elastic tissue of dorsal aorta elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus of aorta textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree the dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus uberon OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta MP:0009862 the dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic aorta elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta elastic tissue OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of aorta OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of adult aorta OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of aorta OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of adult aorta OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of aorta OBOL:automatic adult aorta elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic aorta textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic adult aorta elastic tissue heart elastic tissue MA:0002858 UBERON:0003610 elastic connective tissue of heart elastic tissue of heart heart elastic connective tissue heart textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of heart the type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. uberon OBOL:automatic heart elastic connective tissue MP:0009863 the type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of heart OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of heart OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of heart OBOL:automatic heart textus connectivus elasticus respiratory system elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001820 UBERON:0003611 apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue of respiratory system elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue of respiratory system respiratory system elastic connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system uberon An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue OBOL:automatic respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius cardiovascular system elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Obol]. MA:0002857 UBERON:0003613 cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus circulatory system elastic connective tissue circulatory system elastic tissue circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue of circulatory system elastic tissue of cardiovascular system elastic tissue of circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system uberon OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of circulatory system OBOL:automatic cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic circulatory system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic circulatory system elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of circulatory system blood vessel elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a blood vessel [Obol]. MA:0002856 UBERON:0003614 blood vessel elastic connective tissue blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of blood vessel elastic tissue of blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of blood vessel An elastic tissue that is part of a blood vessel [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lung elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Obol]. MA:0002860 UBERON:0003615 elastic connective tissue of lung elastic tissue of lung lung elastic connective tissue lung textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of lung uberon OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of lung OBOL:automatic lung textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic lung elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of lung An elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of lung bronchus elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001838 UBERON:0003616 bronchi elastic connective tissue bronchi elastic tissue bronchi textus connectivus elasticus bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue bronchial trunk elastic tissue bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus bronchus elastic connective tissue bronchus textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of bronchi elastic connective tissue of bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue of bronchus elastic tissue of bronchi elastic tissue of bronchial trunk elastic tissue of bronchus ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Elastic_Tissue textus connectivus elasticus of bronchi textus connectivus elasticus of bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus of bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchi textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus textus connectivus elasticus An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchus elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk elastic tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of bronchi OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchi elastic tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of bronchial trunk trachea elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Obol]. MA:0001861 UBERON:0003617 cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue of vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue of windpipe elastic tissue of cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue of vertebrate trachea elastic tissue of windpipe textus connectivus elasticus of cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus of vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus of windpipe uberon vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue vertebrate trachea elastic tissue vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus windpipe elastic connective tissue windpipe elastic tissue windpipe textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic windpipe elastic tissue OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of vertebrate trachea OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of vertebrate trachea OBOL:automatic windpipe textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue OBOL:automatic vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic windpipe elastic connective tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of windpipe OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic vertebrate trachea elastic tissue OBOL:automatic vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of vertebrate trachea aorta tunica media FMA:74433 MA:0002903 SCTID:48467007 UBERON:0003618 adult aorta tunica media dorsal aorta tunica media the middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. trunk of aortic tree tunica media tunica media of adult aorta tunica media of aorta tunica media of dorsal aorta tunica media of trunk of aortic tree uberon OBOL:automatic tunica media of trunk of aortic tree MP:0009873 the middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. OBOL:automatic adult aorta tunica media OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree tunica media OBOL:automatic tunica media of aorta OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta tunica media OBOL:automatic tunica media of adult aorta OBOL:automatic tunica media of dorsal aorta aorta tunica intima FMA:74419 MA:0002904 SCTID:362031007 UBERON:0003619 adult aorta tunica intima dorsal aorta tunica intima the innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. trunk of aortic tree tunica intima tunica intima of adult aorta tunica intima of aorta tunica intima of dorsal aorta tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree uberon OBOL:automatic tunica intima of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic adult aorta tunica intima OBOL:automatic tunica intima of adult aorta MP:0009872 the innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree tunica intima OBOL:automatic tunica intima of aorta OBOL:automatic tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta tunica intima hand digit 1 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]. EMAPA:19113 FMA:35477 MA:0001389 Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] digit long bone Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] long bone of digit Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] phalanx SCTID:181975002 UBERON:0003620 digit long bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] digit long bone of first digit of hand digit long bone of hand digit 1 digit long bone of thumb first digit of hand digit long bone first digit of hand long bone of digit first digit of hand phalanx hand digit 1 digit long bone hand digit 1 long bone of digit long bone of digit of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] long bone of digit of first digit of hand long bone of digit of hand digit 1 long bone of digit of thumb ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_1_Phalanx phalanx of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] phalanx of first digit of hand phalanx of hand digit 1 phalanx of thumb thumb digit long bone thumb long bone of digit thumb phalanx uberon OBOL:automatic digit long bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] OBOL:automatic hand digit 1 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic thumb phalanx OBOL:automatic phalanx of first digit of hand A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of thumb OBOL:automatic phalanx of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic phalanx of thumb OBOL:automatic first digit of hand digit long bone OBOL:automatic hand digit 1 digit long bone OBOL:automatic Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] digit long bone OBOL:automatic thumb long bone of digit OBOL:automatic Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] long bone of digit OBOL:automatic digit long bone of thumb OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic phalanx of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] OBOL:automatic first digit of hand long bone of digit OBOL:automatic thumb digit long bone OBOL:automatic Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] phalanx OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of first digit of hand OBOL:automatic digit long bone of first digit of hand OBOL:automatic first digit of hand phalanx OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] hand digit 2 2nd digit of hand 2nd digit of the fore autopod. 2nd finger AAO:0010640 EHDAA2:0000517 EMAPA:17432 FMA:24946 MA:0000455 UBERON:0003622 digit 2 of fore-paw finger 2 fore digit II http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Index_finger.JPG/200px-Index_finger.JPG index finger ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_2 second digit of hand second finger uberon AAO:0010640 fore digit II EHDAA2:0000517 finger 2 2nd digit of the fore autopod. Wikipedia:Index_finger EMAPA:17432 digit 2 of fore-paw FMA:24946 second digit of hand hand digit 3 3rd digit of hand 3rd digit of the fore autopod. 3rd finger AAO:0010641 EHDAA2:0000523 EMAPA:17435 FMA:24947 MA:0000456 UBERON:0003623 digit 3 of fore-paw digitus medius finger 3 fore digit III http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Middle_finger.jpg/200px-Middle_finger.jpg middle finger ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_3 third digit of hand third finger uberon Wikipedia:Middle_finger digitus medius FMA:24947 third digit of hand AAO:0010641 fore digit III 3rd digit of the fore autopod. Wikipedia:Middle_finger EMAPA:17435 digit 3 of fore-paw EHDAA2:0000523 finger 3 hand digit 4 4th digit of hand 4th digit of the fore autopod. 4th finger AAO:0010642 EHDAA2:0000529 EMAPA:17438 FMA:24948 MA:0000457 UBERON:0003624 digit 4 of fore-paw digitus annularis finger 4 fore digit IV fourth digit of hand fourth finger http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ring_finger.JPG/200px-Ring_finger.JPG ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_4 ring finger uberon EHDAA2:0000529 finger 4 EMAPA:17438 digit 4 of fore-paw AAO:0010642 fore digit IV 4th digit of the fore autopod. Wikipedia:Ring_finger FMA:24948 fourth digit of hand Wikipedia:Ring_finger digitus annularis hand digit 5 5th digit of hand 5th digit of the fore autopod. 5th finger AAO:0010643 EHDAA2:0000535 EMAPA:17441 FMA:24949 MA:0000458 UBERON:0003625 digit 5 of fore-paw digitus minimus fifth digit of hand fifth finger finger 5 fore digit V http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Pink.jpg/200px-Pink.jpg little finger manus, digitus ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_5 quintus, digitus V uberon 5th digit of the fore autopod. Wikipedia:Little_finger Wikipedia:Little_finger manus, digitus FMA:24949 fifth digit of hand EHDAA2:0000535 finger 5 EMAPA:17441 digit 5 of fore-paw Wikipedia:Little_finger quintus, digitus V Wikipedia:Little_finger digitus minimus AAO:0010643 fore digit V foot digit 1 1st digit of the hind autopod. AAO:0010644 BTO:0002349 EHDAA2:0002037 EMAPA:17460 FMA:25047 GAID:45 MA:0000465 MESH:A.01.378.610.250.300.792.380 UBERON:0003631 VSAO:0000201 big toe digit 1 of hind-paw digitus primus (I) pedis great toe hallex hallux hallux; digitus primus [I] hind digit I ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_1 toe 1 uberon EHDAA2:0002037 toe 1 AAO:0010644 hind digit I FMA:25047 hallux; digitus primus [I] BTO:0002349 digitus primus (I) pedis 1st digit of the hind autopod. Wikipedia:Hallux FMA:25047 great toe EMAPA:17460 digit 1 of hind-paw FMA:TA hallux foot digit 2 2nd digit of the hind autopod. 2nd toe AAO:0010645 BTO:0002350 EHDAA2:0002042 EMAPA:17463 FMA:25048 MA:0000466 SCTID:362817008 UBERON:0003632 digit 2 of hind-paw digitus secundus (II) pedis digitus secundus [ii] digitus secundus pedis hind digit II ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_2 second digit of foot second toe toe 2 uberon BTO:0002350 digitus secundus pedis 2nd digit of the hind autopod. UBERON:cjm BTO:0002350 digitus secundus (II) pedis EHDAA2:0002042 toe 2 FMA:25048 digitus secundus [ii] FMA:25048 second digit of foot AAO:0010645 hind digit II FMA:25048 second toe EMAPA:17463 digit 2 of hind-paw foot digit 3 3rd digit of the hind autopod. 3rd toe AAO:0010646 BTO:0002351 EHDAA2:0002047 EMAPA:17466 FMA:25051 MA:0000467 SCTID:362821001 UBERON:0003633 digit 3 of hind-paw digitus tertius (III) pedis digitus tertius [iii] digitus tertius pedis hind digit III ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_3 third digit of foot third toe toe 3 uberon BTO:0002351 digitus tertius (III) pedis EMAPA:17466 digit 3 of hind-paw EHDAA2:0002047 toe 3 FMA:25051 third toe BTO:0002351 digitus tertius pedis 3rd digit of the hind autopod. UBERON:cjm FMA:25051 digitus tertius [iii] AAO:0010646 hind digit III FMA:25051 third digit of foot foot digit 4 4th digit of the hind autopod. 4th toe AAO:0010656 BTO:0002352 EHDAA2:0002052 EMAPA:17469 FMA:25052 MA:0000468 SCTID:362826006 UBERON:0003634 digit 4 of hind-paw digitus quartis pedis digitus quartus (IV) pedis digitus quartus [iv] fourth digit of foot fourth toe hind digit IV ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_4 toe 4 uberon EHDAA2:0002052 toe 4 BTO:0002352 digitus quartis pedis BTO:0002352 digitus quartus (IV) pedis FMA:25052 fourth toe 4th digit of the hind autopod. UBERON:cjm FMA:25052 digitus quartus [iv] EMAPA:17469 digit 4 of hind-paw AAO:0010656 hind digit IV FMA:25052 fourth digit of foot foot digit 5 5th digit of the hind autopod. 5th toe AAO:0010658 BTO:0002353 Digitus minimus pedis; Digitus quintus pedis EHDAA2:0002057 EMAPA:17472 FMA:25053 MA:0000469 SCTID:362830009 UBERON:0003635 digit 5 of hind-paw digitus minimus; digitus quintus [v] digitus quintus [v] pedis fifth digit of foot fifth toe hind digit V http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png little toe ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_5 toe 5 uberon EMAPA:17472 digit 5 of hind-paw EHDAA2:0002057 toe 5 5th digit of the hind autopod. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Fifth_toe FMA:25053 digitus minimus; digitus quintus [v] FMA:25053 fifth digit of foot FMA:25053 fifth toe FMA:25053 FMA:TA digitus quintus [v] pedis Digitus minimus pedis; Digitus quintus pedis Wikipedia:Fifth_toe AAO:0010658 hind digit V hand digit 2 phalanx 2 nd digit of hand digit long bone 2 nd digit of hand long bone of digit 2 nd digit of hand phalanx 2 nd finger digit long bone 2 nd finger long bone of digit 2 nd finger phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. EMAPA:19115 FMA:35480 MA:0001390 SCTID:361783009 UBERON:0003636 digit long bone of 2 nd digit of hand digit long bone of 2 nd finger digit long bone of hand digit 2 digit long bone of second finger hand digit 2 digit long bone hand digit 2 long bone of digit index finger phalanx long bone of digit of 2 nd digit of hand long bone of digit of 2 nd finger long bone of digit of hand digit 2 long bone of digit of second finger ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_2_Phalanx phalanx of 2 nd digit of hand phalanx of 2 nd finger phalanx of hand digit 2 phalanx of index finger phalanx of second finger second finger digit long bone second finger long bone of digit second finger phalanx uberon OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 2 nd finger FMA:35480 phalanx of index finger OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of second finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 digit long bone FMA:35480 index finger phalanx OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hand digit 2 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 2 nd digit of hand 2 nd digit of hand long bone of digit OBOL:automatic 2 nd digit of hand digit long bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic phalanx of second finger OBOL:automatic digit long bone of second finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of 2 nd finger OBOL:automatic second finger phalanx 2 nd finger phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic phalanx of hand digit 2 OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 2 nd finger 2 nd finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic second finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic second finger digit long bone A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic 2 nd digit of hand phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic phalanx of 2 nd digit of hand 2 nd finger digit long bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 2 nd digit of hand OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hand digit 2 hand digit 3 phalanx 3 rd digit of hand digit long bone 3 rd digit of hand long bone of digit 3 rd digit of hand phalanx 3 rd finger digit long bone 3 rd finger long bone of digit 3 rd finger phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. EMAPA:19117 FMA:35483 MA:0001391 SCTID:361785002 UBERON:0003637 digit long bone of 3 rd digit of hand digit long bone of 3 rd finger digit long bone of hand digit 3 digit long bone of third finger hand digit 3 digit long bone hand digit 3 long bone of digit long bone of digit of 3 rd digit of hand long bone of digit of 3 rd finger long bone of digit of hand digit 3 long bone of digit of third finger middle finger phalanx ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_3_Phalanx phalanx of 3 rd digit of hand phalanx of 3 rd finger phalanx of hand digit 3 phalanx of middle finger phalanx of third finger third finger digit long bone third finger long bone of digit third finger phalanx uberon 3 rd finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hand digit 3 FMA:35483 middle finger phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 digit long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hand digit 3 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 3 rd digit of hand OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 3 rd finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of hand digit 3 FMA:35483 phalanx of middle finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of third finger A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 3 rd digit of hand 3 rd digit of hand long bone of digit OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic phalanx of 3 rd finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of 3 rd digit of hand 3 rd finger phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of third finger OBOL:automatic third finger digit long bone 3 rd finger digit long bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit long bone of third finger OBOL:automatic third finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic third finger phalanx 3 rd digit of hand digit long bone OBOL:automatic 3 rd digit of hand phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 3 rd finger hand digit 4 phalanx 4 th digit of hand digit long bone 4 th digit of hand long bone of digit 4 th digit of hand phalanx 4 th finger digit long bone 4 th finger long bone of digit 4 th finger phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. EMAPA:19119 FMA:35486 MA:0001392 SCTID:361787005 UBERON:0003638 digit long bone of 4 th digit of hand digit long bone of 4 th finger digit long bone of fourth finger digit long bone of hand digit 4 fourth finger digit long bone fourth finger long bone of digit fourth finger phalanx hand digit 4 digit long bone hand digit 4 long bone of digit long bone of digit of 4 th digit of hand long bone of digit of 4 th finger long bone of digit of fourth finger long bone of digit of hand digit 4 ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_4_Phalanx phalanx of 4 th digit of hand phalanx of 4 th finger phalanx of fourth finger phalanx of hand digit 4 phalanx of ring finger ring finger phalanx uberon OBOL:automatic phalanx of 4 th finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of fourth finger FMA:35486 ring finger phalanx FMA:35486 phalanx of ring finger OBOL:automatic fourth finger phalanx OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 4 th finger 4 th finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic phalanx of hand digit 4 OBOL:automatic fourth finger long bone of digit 4 th finger phalanx OBOL:automatic 4 th digit of hand phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 4 th finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of 4 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 4 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 4 th digit of hand 4 th digit of hand long bone of digit OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fourth finger digit long bone OBOL:automatic digit long bone of fourth finger A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic 4 th digit of hand digit long bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hand digit 4 4 th finger digit long bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 digit long bone OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hand digit 4 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of fourth finger hand digit 5 phalanx 5 th digit of hand digit long bone 5 th digit of hand long bone of digit 5 th digit of hand phalanx 5 th finger digit long bone 5 th finger long bone of digit 5 th finger phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. EMAPA:19121 FMA:35489 MA:0001393 SCTID:361789008 UBERON:0003639 digit long bone of 5 th digit of hand digit long bone of 5 th finger digit long bone of fifth finger digit long bone of hand digit 5 fifth finger digit long bone fifth finger long bone of digit fifth finger phalanx hand digit 5 digit long bone hand digit 5 long bone of digit little finger phalanx long bone of digit of 5 th digit of hand long bone of digit of 5 th finger long bone of digit of fifth finger long bone of digit of hand digit 5 ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_5_Phalanx phalanx of 5 th digit of hand phalanx of 5 th finger phalanx of fifth digit of hand phalanx of fifth finger phalanx of hand digit 5 phalanx of little finger uberon OBOL:automatic phalanx of hand digit 5 5 th digit of hand phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hand digit 5 5 th finger digit long bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic digit long bone of fifth finger OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 5 th digit of hand 5 th digit of hand digit long bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fifth finger digit long bone FMA:35489 phalanx of fifth digit of hand OBOL:automatic phalanx of 5 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 digit long bone 5 th finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fifth finger phalanx FMA:35489 phalanx of little finger OBOL:automatic fifth finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of fifth finger OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 5 th digit of hand A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of 5 th finger FMA:35489 little finger phalanx 5 th digit of hand long bone of digit OBOL:automatic 5 th finger phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]. EMAPA:19124 FMA:32884 MA:0001381 SCTID:361798006 UBERON:0003640 big toe phalanx digit long bone of foot digit 1 digit long bone of hallux foot digit 1 digit long bone foot digit 1 long bone of digit hallux digit long bone hallux long bone of digit hallux phalanx long bone of digit of foot digit 1 long bone of digit of hallux ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_1_Phalanx phalanx of big toe phalanx of first digit of foot phalanx of foot digit 1 phalanx of great toe phalanx of hallux uberon OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hallux FMA:32884 phalanx of great toe OBOL:automatic phalanx of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic hallux digit long bone OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 digit long bone A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hallux phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 long bone of digit FMA:32884 big toe phalanx OBOL:automatic phalanx of hallux OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hallux FMA:32884 phalanx of big toe OBOL:automatic digit long bone of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic hallux long bone of digit FMA:32884 phalanx of first digit of foot foot digit 2 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. EMAPA:19126 FMA:32899 MA:0001382 SCTID:361800004 UBERON:0003641 digit long bone of foot digit 2 foot digit 2 digit long bone foot digit 2 long bone of digit long bone of digit of foot digit 2 ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_2_Phalanx phalanx of foot digit 2 phalanx of second toe second toe phalanx uberon OBOL:automatic foot digit 2 digit long bone OBOL:automatic phalanx of foot digit 2 A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:32899 phalanx of second toe OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of foot digit 2 OBOL:automatic digit long bone of foot digit 2 OBOL:automatic foot digit 2 long bone of digit FMA:32899 second toe phalanx foot digit 3 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. EMAPA:19128 FMA:32900 MA:0001383 SCTID:361802007 UBERON:0003642 digit long bone of foot digit 3 foot digit 3 digit long bone foot digit 3 long bone of digit long bone of digit of foot digit 3 ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_3_Phalanx phalanx of foot digit 3 phalanx of third toe third toe phalanx uberon FMA:32900 third toe phalanx FMA:32900 phalanx of third toe OBOL:automatic foot digit 3 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic foot digit 3 digit long bone A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit long bone of foot digit 3 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of foot digit 3 OBOL:automatic phalanx of foot digit 3 respiratory system arterial blood vessel An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001800 UBERON:0003643 uberon An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic kidney arterial blood vessel An arterial blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Obol]. MA:0002578 UBERON:0003644 uberon An arterial blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of digit 1 1 AAO:0010616 EMAPA:19112 FMA:23899 MA:0001364 Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal bone SCTID:181973009 UBERON:0003645 finger 1 metacarpus first digit of hand metacarpal first digit of hand metacarpal bone first metacarpal bone hand digit 1 metacarpal hand digit 1 metacarpal bone metacarpal 1 metacarpal I metacarpal bone digit 1 metacarpal bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal bone of first digit of hand metacarpal bone of hand digit 1 metacarpal bone of thumb metacarpal of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal of first digit of hand metacarpal of hand digit 1 metacarpal of thumb ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_1 thumb metacarpal thumb metacarpal bone uberon OBOL:automatic first digit of hand metacarpal OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic metacarpal of first digit of hand OBOL:automatic thumb metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of first digit of hand MA:0001364 metacarpal bone digit 1 OBOL:automatic metacarpal of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic thumb metacarpal OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] FMA:23899 metacarpal I OBOL:automatic metacarpal of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] OBOL:automatic hand digit 1 metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic first digit of hand metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal of thumb FMA:23899 first metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic hand digit 1 metacarpal OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of thumb OBOL:automatic Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal metacarpal bone of digit 2 2 2 nd digit of hand metacarpal 2 nd digit of hand metacarpal bone 2 nd finger metacarpal 2 nd finger metacarpal bone AAO:0000853 EMAPA:19114 FMA:23900 MA:0001365 SCTID:263399007 UBERON:0003646 finger 2 metacarpus hand digit 2 metacarpal hand digit 2 metacarpal bone metacarpal 2 metacarpal II metacarpal bone digit 2 metacarpal bone of 2 nd digit of hand metacarpal bone of 2 nd finger metacarpal bone of hand digit 2 metacarpal bone of second finger metacarpal of 2 nd digit of hand metacarpal of 2 nd finger metacarpal of hand digit 2 metacarpal of second finger ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_2 second finger metacarpal second finger metacarpal bone second metacarpal bone uberon MA:0001365 metacarpal bone digit 2 2 nd finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic 2 nd digit of hand metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic FMA:23900 metacarpal II OBOL:automatic metacarpal of second finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of second finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 metacarpal OBOL:automatic second finger metacarpal bone FMA:23900 second metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 2 nd digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 2 nd finger 2 nd finger metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic second finger metacarpal 2 nd digit of hand metacarpal OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 2 nd digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of hand digit 2 OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 2 nd finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal of hand digit 2 metacarpal bone of digit 3 3 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal bone 3 rd finger metacarpal 3 rd finger metacarpal bone AAO:0000854 EMAPA:19116 FMA:23901 MA:0001366 SCTID:263400000 UBERON:0003647 finger 3 metacarpus hand digit 3 metacarpal hand digit 3 metacarpal bone metacarpal 3 metacarpal III metacarpal bone digit 3 metacarpal bone of 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal bone of 3 rd finger metacarpal bone of hand digit 3 metacarpal bone of third finger metacarpal of 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal of 3 rd finger metacarpal of hand digit 3 metacarpal of third finger ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_3 third finger metacarpal third finger metacarpal bone third metacarpal bone uberon MA:0001366 metacarpal bone digit 3 OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 3 rd finger OBOL:automatic third finger metacarpal bone 3 rd finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 3 rd digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 3 rd digit of hand FMA:23901 third metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal of hand digit 3 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of third finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 3 rd finger 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic 3 rd finger metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic third finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 metacarpal OBOL:automatic metacarpal of third finger FMA:23901 metacarpal III OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of hand digit 3 metacarpal bone of digit 4 4 4 th digit of hand metacarpal 4 th digit of hand metacarpal bone 4 th finger metacarpal 4 th finger metacarpal bone AAO:0010615 EMAPA:19118 FMA:23902 MA:0001367 SCTID:263401001 UBERON:0003648 finger 4 metacarpus fourth finger metacarpal fourth finger metacarpal bone fourth metacarpal bone hand digit 4 metacarpal hand digit 4 metacarpal bone metacarpal 4 metacarpal IV metacarpal bone digit 4 metacarpal bone of 4 th digit of hand metacarpal bone of 4 th finger metacarpal bone of fourth finger metacarpal bone of hand digit 4 metacarpal of 4 th digit of hand metacarpal of 4 th finger metacarpal of fourth finger metacarpal of hand digit 4 ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_4 uberon OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 4 th finger 4 th finger metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic 4 th digit of hand metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic FMA:23902 metacarpal IV FMA:23902 fourth metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal of fourth finger 4 th digit of hand metacarpal OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 4 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of hand digit 4 OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of fourth finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 metacarpal MA:0001367 metacarpal bone digit 4 OBOL:automatic fourth finger metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 4 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic fourth finger metacarpal 4 th finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal of hand digit 4 OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 4 th finger metacarpal bone of digit 5 5 5 th digit of hand metacarpal 5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone 5 th finger metacarpal 5 th finger metacarpal bone AAO:0000855 EMAPA:19120 FMA:23903 MA:0001368 SCTID:263402008 UBERON:0003649 fifth finger metacarpal fifth finger metacarpal bone fifth metacarpal bone finger 5 metacarpus hand digit 5 metacarpal hand digit 5 metacarpal bone metacarpal 5 metacarpal V metacarpal bone digit 5 metacarpal bone of 5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone of 5 th finger metacarpal bone of fifth finger metacarpal bone of hand digit 5 metacarpal of 5 th digit of hand metacarpal of 5 th finger metacarpal of fifth finger metacarpal of hand digit 5 ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_5 note FMA also has FMA:36782 uberon OBOL:automatic fifth finger metacarpal bone 5 th finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of fifth finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal of fifth finger FMA:23903 fifth metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 5 th digit of hand MA:0001368 metacarpal bone digit 5 OBOL:automatic fifth finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 5 th finger 5 th digit of hand metacarpal OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 metacarpal 5 th finger metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 5 th digit of hand 5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of hand digit 5 metatarsal bone of digit 1 1 AAO:0000925 EMAPA:19123 FMA:24502 MA:0001369 SCTID:182121005 UBERON:0003650 first metatarsal bone foot digit 1 metatarsal bone hallux metatarsal bone metatarsal 1 metatarsal I metatarsal bone digit 1 metatarsal bone of foot digit 1 metatarsal bone of hallux ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_1 toe 1 metatarsal toe 1 metatarsus uberon OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 metatarsal bone OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone of hallux MA:0001369 metatarsal bone digit 1 FMA:24502 first metatarsal bone OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic hallux metatarsal bone AAO:0000925 metatarsal I metatarsal bone of digit 2 2 AAO:0000926 EMAPA:19125 FMA:24503 MA:0001370 SCTID:182128004 UBERON:0003651 foot digit 2 metatarsal bone metatarsal 2 metatarsal II metatarsal bone digit 2 metatarsal bone of foot digit 2 ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_2 second metatarsal bone toe 2 metatarsal toe 2 metatarsus uberon MA:0001370 metatarsal bone digit 2 OBOL:automatic foot digit 2 metatarsal bone OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone of foot digit 2 AAO:0000926 metatarsal II FMA:24503 second metatarsal bone metatarsal bone of digit 3 3 AAO:0000927 EMAPA:19127 FMA:24504 MA:0001371 SCTID:182134006 UBERON:0003652 foot digit 3 metatarsal bone metatarsal 3 metatarsal III metatarsal bone digit 3 metatarsal bone of foot digit 3 ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_3 third metatarsal bone toe 3 metatarsal toe 3 metatarsus uberon OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone of foot digit 3 OBOL:automatic foot digit 3 metatarsal bone FMA:24504 third metatarsal bone AAO:0000927 metatarsal III MA:0001371 metatarsal bone digit 3 metatarsal bone of digit 4 4 AAO:0000928 EMAPA:19129 FMA:24505 MA:0001372 SCTID:182139001 UBERON:0003653 foot digit 4 metatarsal bone fourth metatarsal bone metatarsal 4 metatarsal IV metatarsal bone digit 4 metatarsal bone of foot digit 4 ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_4 toe 4 metatarsal toe 4 metatarsus uberon OBOL:automatic foot digit 4 metatarsal bone MA:0001372 metatarsal bone digit 4 FMA:24505 fourth metatarsal bone AAO:0000928 metatarsal IV OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone of foot digit 4 metatarsal bone of digit 5 5 AAO:0000929 EMAPA:19131 FMA:24506 MA:0001373 SCTID:182144008 UBERON:0003654 fifth metatarsal bone foot digit 5 metatarsal bone metatarsal 5 metatarsal V metatarsal bone digit 5 metatarsal bone of foot digit 5 ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_5 toe 5 metatarsal toe 5 metatarsus uberon AAO:0000929 metatarsal V OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone of foot digit 5 MA:0001373 metatarsal bone digit 5 FMA:24506 fifth metatarsal bone OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 metatarsal bone molar tooth Adult humans have twelve molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third, rearmost molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the surface of the gum at about the age of twenty, although this varies from individual to individual. Ethnicity can also have an impact on the age at which this occurs, with statistical variations between groups. The human mouth contains upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) molars. They are: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar, maxillary third molar, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, and mandibular third molar. BTO:0001759 FMA:55638 MA:0000350 MESH:A.14.254.860.525 Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. SCTID:362115002 UBERON:0003655 dens molaris molar molaris ncithesaurus:Molar_Tooth uberon MA:0000350 molar BTO:0001759 molaris Wikipedia:Molar_%28tooth%29 dens molaris Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. Wikipedia:Molar_(tooth) mesopodium bone A bone that is part of a mesopodium skeleton[cjm]. The carpus (wrist) and tarsus (ankle) of land vertebrates primitively had three rows of carpal or tarsal bones. Often some of these have become lost or fused in evolution. Three proximals. In the hand humans has all three. In the foot the middle proximal appears in 5-15% of people as an os trigonum. Centrale or os centrale, on the medial side. In humans and our closest relatives the African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) it fuses to the scaphoid where it forms the articulation with the trapezoid bone; occasionally it stays separate. In Man's foot it is the navicular. Some early land vertebrates had more than one (up to three) os centrale per hand or foot. Distals, one per finger / toe at the base of each metacarpal or metatarsal. In mammals the 4th and 5th fuse. In the horse the 1st is lost[WP]. MA:0000295 UBERON:0003656 basipodium bone carpal/tarsal bone mesopodium bone uberon A bone that is part of a mesopodium skeleton[cjm]. The carpus (wrist) and tarsus (ankle) of land vertebrates primitively had three rows of carpal or tarsal bones. Often some of these have become lost or fused in evolution. Three proximals. In the hand humans has all three. In the foot the middle proximal appears in 5-15% of people as an os trigonum. Centrale or os centrale, on the medial side. In humans and our closest relatives the African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) it fuses to the scaphoid where it forms the articulation with the trapezoid bone; occasionally it stays separate. In Man's foot it is the navicular. Some early land vertebrates had more than one (up to three) os centrale per hand or foot. Distals, one per finger / toe at the base of each metacarpal or metatarsal. In mammals the 4th and 5th fuse. In the horse the 1st is lost[WP]. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates MA:th basipodium bone MA:0000295 carpal/tarsal bone limb joint Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. EMAPA:19204 MA:0000691 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses UBERON:0003657 galen:LimbJoint joint of limb joint of limb skeletal system skeletal limb joint uberon GO:0036023 skeletal limb joint Obol:automatic joint of limb skeletal system Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. UBERON:cjm hip muscle A muscle organ that is part of a hip [Obol]. MA:0000657 UBERON:0003658 hip muscle organ hip region muscle organ muscle organ of hip muscle organ of hip region muscle organ of regio coxae regio coxae muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic hip region muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of regio coxae A muscle organ that is part of a hip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hip muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hip region OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hip OBOL:automatic regio coxae muscle organ foot digit muscle A muscle organ that is part of a toe [Obol]. MA:0000648 UBERON:0003659 digit of foot muscle organ digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ digitus pedis muscle organ foot digit muscle organ muscle organ of digit of foot muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ of digitus pedis muscle organ of foot digit muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ of toe terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ toe muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic toe muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic muscle organ of foot digit OBOL:automatic foot digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic digit of foot muscle organ OBOL:automatic digitus pedis muscle organ OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic muscle organ of toe OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ A muscle organ that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digit of foot eyelid muscle A muscle organ that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. MA:0000269 UBERON:0003660 blepharon muscle organ eyelid muscle organ muscle organ of blepharon muscle organ of eyelid ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Muscle uberon OBOL:automatic eyelid muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of blepharon A muscle organ that is part of a eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blepharon muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of eyelid limb muscle A muscle organ that is part of a limb [Obol]. MA:0000692 UBERON:0003661 limb muscle organ muscle organ of limb uberon A muscle organ that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of limb OBOL:automatic limb muscle organ forelimb muscle AAO:0000204 AO notes: FMA and MA class actually refer to muscles of entire pectoral complex BTO:0000479 FMA:37348 UBERON:0003662 UBERON:0005634 arm muscle system fore limb muscle organ forelimb muscle organ muscle of free upper limb muscle of upper limb musculature of arm musculature of the arm uberon wing muscle FMA:37348 muscle of free upper limb Geisha:syn wing muscle musculature of arm FMA:9621 muscle of upper limb EHDAA2:0000141 arm muscle system OBOL:automatic fore limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic forelimb muscle organ musculature of the arm hindlimb muscle A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. AAO:0000222 EFO:0001928 FMA:37368 UBERON:0003663 free lower limb muscle hind limb muscle organ hindlimb muscle organ inferior member muscle organ lower extremity muscle organ muscle of posterior limb muscle organ of hind limb muscle organ of hindlimb muscle organ of inferior member muscle organ of lower extremity uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hindlimb OBOL:automatic lower extremity muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hindlimb muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of inferior member OBOL:automatic inferior member muscle organ FMA:37368 free lower limb muscle A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hind limb muscle organ UBERON:cjm muscle of posterior limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hind limb hand digit muscle A muscle organ that is part of a finger [Obol]. MA:0000624 UBERON:0003664 digit of hand muscle organ digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ digitus manus muscle organ finger muscle organ hand digit muscle organ muscle organ of digit of hand muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ of digitus manus muscle organ of finger muscle organ of hand digit muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit terminal segment of free upper limb digit muscle organ uberon A muscle organ that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hand digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic finger muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digitus manus OBOL:automatic digit of hand muscle organ OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic digitus manus muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of finger OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hand digit OBOL:automatic muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digit of hand tail muscle A muscle organ that is part of a tail [Obol]. AAO:0000081 BTO:0001905 MA:0000699 SCTID:113230005 UBERON:0003665 caudal muscle muscle organ of post-vent region muscle organ of tail post-vent region muscle organ tail muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of post-vent region OBOL:automatic post-vent region muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of tail A muscle organ that is part of a tail [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic tail muscle organ upper jaw molar A molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002125 EHDAA:8053 EMAPA:17942 FMA:55720 MA:0001603 SCTID:422318005 UBERON:0003666 molar tooth of palatoquadrate arch molar tooth of upper jaw ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Molar palatoquadrate arch molar tooth uberon upper jaw molar tooth upper primary molar tooth OBOL:automatic molar tooth of palatoquadrate arch A molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:84210 upper primary molar tooth OBOL:automatic molar tooth of upper jaw OBOL:automatic upper jaw molar tooth OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch molar tooth lower jaw molar A molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001025 EHDAA:8017 EMAPA:17921 FMA:55721 MA:0001602 UBERON:0003667 lower jaw molar tooth lower primary molar tooth molar tooth of lower jaw molar tooth of ventral mandibular arch ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Molar uberon ventral mandibular arch molar tooth OBOL:automatic molar tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic molar tooth of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic lower jaw molar tooth OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch molar tooth FMA:84213 lower primary molar tooth A molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]. OBOL:automatic synovial bursa FMA:9692 GAID:252 MESH:A.02.835.583.156 SCTID:182483003 UBERON:0003668 a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body. bursa bursa synovialis galen:Bursa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray350.png/200px-Gray350.png ncithesaurus:Synovial_Bursa uberon Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body. Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa bursa synovialis FMA:9692 bursa fascia lata FMA:13902 GAID:117 MESH:A.02.340.424 SCTID:361911008 The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003669 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray431.png/200px-Gray431.png ncithesaurus:Fascia_Lata uberon The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Fascia_lata smegma FMA:19656 GAID:1170 MESH:A.12.200.769 UBERON:0003670 a combination of exfoliated (shed) epithelial cells, transudated skin oils, and moisture. It occurs in both female and male mammalian genitalia[WP]. ncithesaurus:Smegma uberon Wikipedia:Smegma a combination of exfoliated (shed) epithelial cells, transudated skin oils, and moisture. It occurs in both female and male mammalian genitalia[WP]. anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint FMA:44614 GAID:122 MESH:A.02.513.514.100 OpenCyc:Mx4r77KC8RuaEd2f4ADggVfexA SCTID:182443006 UBERON:0003671 anterior cruciate ligament galen:AnteriorCruciateLigament ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament uberon FMA:44614 anterior cruciate ligament dentition AAO:0000126 FMA:75150 GAID:1249 In FMA this is an anatomical set MESH:A.14.254 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi65JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245543004 UBERON:0003672 dentes ncithesaurus:Dentition set of teeth teeth teeth teeth set uberon FMA:75150 teeth set FMA AAO FMA:75150 set of teeth FMA FMA:75150 teeth FMA:75150 FMA:TA dentes ligamentum flavum FMA:13423 GAID:126 MESH:A.02.513.514.287 SCTID:244598002 UBERON:0003673 flaval ligament ncithesaurus:Ligamentum_Flavum uberon GAID:126 flaval ligament cuspid FMA:55636 GAID:1262 In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. However, they can appear more flattened, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They evolved and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Most species that develop them normally have four per individual, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by its incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most animals, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines. MESH:A.14.254.860.200 SCTID:88719004 UBERON:0003674 canine %28tooth%29 canine eminence canine teeth canine tooth cuspid cuspis dentis dens caninus dentes canini dogtooth %28anatomy%29 eye teeth eye tooth eyeteeth eyetooth fang ncithesaurus:Canine_Tooth uberon Wikipedia:Canine_tooth canine eminence FMA:55636 FMA:TA cuspis dentis FMA:55636 cuspid Wikipedia:Canine_tooth dens caninus Wikipedia:Canine_tooth dentes canini Wikipedia:Canine_tooth dogtooth %28anatomy%29 Wikipedia:Canine_tooth fang Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eye teeth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eyeteeth GAID:1262 canine teeth In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. However, they can appear more flattened, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They evolved and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Most species that develop them normally have four per individual, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by its incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most animals, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines. Wikipedia:Canine_tooth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth canine teeth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eyetooth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth canine %28tooth%29 GAID:1262 canine tooth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eye tooth tooth crown FMA:55623 GAID:1275 MESH:A.14.254.900.710 SCTID:362106009 UBERON:0003675 anatomical crown corona dentis crown crown of tooth ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis tooth crown uberon FMA:55623 anatomical crown corona dentis ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis FMA:55623 tooth crown FMA:55623 crown of tooth patellar ligament EMAPA:18509 EMAPA:19139 FMA:44581 GAID:128 MESH:A.02.513.514.475 SCTID:244639004 The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA. UBERON:0003676 central band of tendon of quadriceps femoris galen:LigamentumPatellae ligamentum patella ncithesaurus:Patellar_Ligament patellar tendon uberon FMA:44581 central band of tendon of quadriceps femoris MESH:A.02.513.514.475 The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA. Wikipedia:Patellar_ligament FMA:44581 ligamentum patella FMA tooth root FMA:55624 GAID:1280 MESH:A.14.254.900.750 SCTID:245728004 UBERON:0003677 radix corona root of tooth tooth root uberon FMA:55624 tooth root FMA:55624 radix corona FMA:55624 root of tooth tooth apex FMA:63000 GAID:1281 MESH:A.14.254.900.750.700 UBERON:0003678 apex of tooth apical foramen tooth apex tooth apice uberon FMA:63000 tooth apex GAID:1281 tooth apice GAID:1281 apical foramen FMA:63000 apex of tooth mouth floor EFO:0001923 FMA:86592 GAID:1283 MESH:A.14.549.441 SCTID:245786002 UBERON:0003679 floor of mouth ncithesaurus:Floor_of_the_Mouth sublingual region uberon FMA:86592 floor of mouth GAID:1283 sublingual region posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint FMA:44617 GAID:129 MESH:A.02.513.514.600 SCTID:182445004 UBERON:0003680 galen:PosteriorCruciateLigament ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cruciate_Ligament posterior cruciate ligament uberon FMA:44617 posterior cruciate ligament masticatory muscle AAO:0000247 Development notes: Masticatory muscles (MM) originate from the somitomeres. These muscles develop late and are not complete even at birth. Tongue muscles develop before masticatory muscles and complete by birth [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology] FMA:74060 GAID:145 MESH:A.02.633.567.600 Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed) SCTID:244769003 UBERON:0003681 XAO:0003269 jaw muscle muscle of mastication musculi masticatorii ncithesaurus:Muscle_of_the_Mastication uberon Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication musculi masticatorii Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication musculi masticatorii XAO:0003269 jaw muscle MESH:A.02.633.567.600 Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication MESH dbpedia palatal muscle Editor notes: consider extra class for fauces. AO notes: see also FMA:71438 FMA:46726 GAID:151 MESH:A.02.633.567.750 SCTID:244794002 SCTID:73711005 The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni). UBERON:0003682 muscle of palate musculi palati mollis et faucium musculi palati mollis et faucium ncithesaurus:Palatal_Muscle palatal muscle palate muscle palatine muscle uberon FMA:46726 muscle of palate MESH:A.02.633.567.750 The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni). Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces FMA:46726 palatine muscle Vagus except tensor veli palatini dbpedia Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces musculi palati mollis et faucium FMA:46726 palate muscle FMA:46726 palatal muscle rotator cuff FMA:37018 GAID:160 MESH:A.02.633.567.912 UBERON:0003683 musculotendinous cuff ncithesaurus:Rotator_Cuff rotator cuff tendinous cuff uberon FMA:37018 rotator cuff FMA:37018 musculotendinous cuff FMA:37018 tendinous cuff abdominal cavity EFO:0000213 FMA:12266 GAID:17 MESH:A.01.047.025 OpenCyc:Mx4rvZR1TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361294009 UBERON:0003684 body cavity of the human body (and animal bodies) that holds the bulk of the viscera. It is located below (or inferior to) the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. It is a part of the abdominopelvic cavity. Organs of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, and large intestine. The abdominal cavity is lined with a protective membrane termed the peritoneum. The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum, in the retroperitoneum. The viscera are also covered, in the front, with a layer of peritoneum called the greater omentum (or omental apron). cavitas abdominis cavity of abdominal compartment cavity of compartment of abdomen galen:AbdominalCavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg/200px-Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg.png ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Cavity space of abdominal compartment uberon Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity cavitas abdominis FMA:12266 space of abdominal compartment FMA:12266 cavity of compartment of abdomen Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity body cavity of the human body (and animal bodies) that holds the bulk of the viscera. It is located below (or inferior to) the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. It is a part of the abdominopelvic cavity. Organs of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, and large intestine. The abdominal cavity is lined with a protective membrane termed the peritoneum. The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum, in the retroperitoneum. The viscera are also covered, in the front, with a layer of peritoneum called the greater omentum (or omental apron). FMA:12266 cavity of abdominal compartment GAID:17 cavitas abdominis cranial suture FMA:7493 Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture. GAID:211 MA:0001475 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.200 SCTID:244509003 UBERON:0003685 cranium suture suture suture joint of skull suture of cranium uberon FMA:71385 Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture. ISBN:3110148986 Wikipedia:Suture OBOL:automatic cranium suture GO PMID:16496288 FMA:71385 suture SCTID:244509003 suture joint of skull OBOL:automatic suture of cranium tooth socket Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:57490 GAID:217 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.125.800 UBERON:0003686 alveolus dentali alveolus dentalis dental alveolus dental alveolus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Alveole_zahn.jpg/200px-Alveole_zahn.jpg ncithesaurus:Tooth_Socket uberon Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus GAID:217 alveolus dentalis FMA:57490 dental alveolus Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus alveolus dentalis GAID:217 dental alveolus GAID:217 alveolus dentali MESH-modified foramen magnum AAO:0010826 FMA:75306 GAID:228 In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. MESH:A.02.835.232.781.572.434 OpenCyc:Mx4rwOm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244679008 TAO:0002045 UBERON:0003687 ZFA:0005387 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gray130.png/200px-Gray130.png ncithesaurus:Foramen_Magnum uberon In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Foramen_magnum omentum EV:0100084 FMA:14650 GAID:23 MESH:A.01.047.025.600.573 SCTID:362710002 UBERON:0003688 galen:Omentum ncithesaurus:Omentum uberon sella turcica Editor notes: for consistency with FMA we have a separate class for the cavity of the sella turcica FMA:54709 GAID:231 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.802.662 The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. [WP,unvetted]. Turkey Chair UBERON:0003689 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray145.png/200px-Gray145.png ncithesaurus:Sella_Turcica suprasellar turkish saddle uberon Wikipedia:Sella_turcica turkish saddle FMA Turkey Chair Wikipedia:Sella_turcica Wikipedia:Sella_turcica suprasellar FMA The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sella_turcica sacrum AAO:0000552 EFO:0003071 FMA:16202 GAID:241 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.717 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmBKnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:264186006 The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). In children, it consists of usually five unfused vertebrae which begin to fuse between ages 16-18 and are usually completely fused into a single bone by age 26. It is curved upon itself and placed obliquely (that is, tilted forward). It is kyphotic — that is, concave facing forwards. The base projects forward as the sacral promontory internally, and articulates with the last lumbar vertebra to form the prominent sacrovertebral angle. The central part is curved outward towards the posterior, allowing greater room for the pelvic cavity. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003690 galen:Sacrum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray95.png/200px-Gray95.png ncithesaurus:Sacrum os sacrum os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales i - v] sacral bone sacrum [sacral vertebrae I-V] sacrum [sacral vertebrae i - v] uberon FMA FMA:16202 sacral bone FMA FMA:16202 FMA:TA os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales i - v] FMA FMA Wikipedia:Sacrum os sacrum The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). In children, it consists of usually five unfused vertebrae which begin to fuse between ages 16-18 and are usually completely fused into a single bone by age 26. It is curved upon itself and placed obliquely (that is, tilted forward). It is kyphotic — that is, concave facing forwards. The base projects forward as the sacral promontory internally, and articulates with the last lumbar vertebra to form the prominent sacrovertebral angle. The central part is curved outward towards the posterior, allowing greater room for the pelvic cavity. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sacrum FMA:16202 sacrum [sacral vertebrae i - v] FMA:16202 sacrum [sacral vertebrae I-V] Wikipedia:Sacrum os sacrum epidural space FMA:71228 GAID:243 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.803.350 SCTID:281866004 UBERON:0003691 extradural space spatium extradurale uberon FMA:71228 extradural space FMA:71228 FMA:TA spatium extradurale acromioclavicular joint FMA:25898 GAID:249 MESH:A.02.835.583.032 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHhmSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182166001 The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the acromion process of the SCAPULA. UBERON:0003692 acromioclavicular articulation articulatio acromioclavicularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray326.png/200px-Gray326.png ncithesaurus:Acromioclavicular_Joint scapuloclavicular articulation uberon Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint articulatio acromioclavicularis Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint scapuloclavicular articulation MESH:A.02.835.583.032 The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the acromion process of the SCAPULA. Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint FMA FMA Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint acromioclavicular articulation retroperitoneal space EFO:0002806 FMA:15080 GAID:25 MESH:A.01.047.025.750 SCTID:243983004 UBERON:0003693 anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they only have peritoneum on their anterior side. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray1126.png/200px-Gray1126.png ncithesaurus:Retroperitoneum retroperitoneum uberon FMA:15080 retroperitoneum Wikipedia:Retroperitoneum anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they only have peritoneum on their anterior side. atlanto-axial joint FMA:25524 GAID:250 MESH:A.02.835.583.097 OpenCyc:Mx4rwUUIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361832004 The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. UBERON:0003694 articulatio atlantoaxialis articulatio atlantoepistrophica atlanto axial joint atlantoaxial atlantoaxial joint lateral atlanto-axial joint median atlanto-axial joint ncithesaurus:Atlanto-axial_Joint uberon Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint articulatio atlantoepistrophica Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint lateral atlanto-axial joint Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint median atlanto-axial joint Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint articulatio atlantoaxialis GAID:250 atlantoaxial joint The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint atlantoaxial GAID:250 atlanto axial joint metacarpophalangeal joint EMAPA:19302 FMA:35246 GAID:255 MA:0000453 MESH:A.02.835.583.345.512 MP joint OpenCyc:Mx4rwNt8wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280995004 The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003695 articulationes metacarpophalangeae galen:MetacarpoPhalangealJoint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gray337.png/200px-Gray337.png metacarpal joint metacarpal phalangeal joint metacarpo-phalangeal joint ncithesaurus:Metacarpophalangeal_Joint uberon we follow FMA in making these joints part of digits The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint HP:0004294 metacarpal phalangeal joint MA:0000453 metacarpo-phalangeal joint FMA:35246 metacarpal joint Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint articulationes metacarpophalangeae FMA:35246 MP joint metatarsophalangeal joint Editor notes: we follow FMA in making these joints part of digits FMA:35222 GAID:258 MESH:A.02.835.583.378.531 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCtS0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:239747005 The metatarsophalangeal articulations are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones of the toes . They are condyloid joints meaning an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) come close to the shallow cavities (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral. UBERON:0003696 articulationes metatarsophalangeae galen:MetatarsoPhalangealJoint metatarsal joint metatarsalphalangeal joint metatarsophalangeal metatarsophalangeal articulation ncithesaurus:Metatarsophalangeal_Joint uberon Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations articulationes metatarsophalangeae Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations metatarsophalangeal articulation Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations metatarsalphalangeal joint Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations metatarsophalangeal FMA:35222 metatarsal joint The metatarsophalangeal articulations are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones of the toes . They are condyloid joints meaning an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) come close to the shallow cavities (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral. Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations abdominal wall FMA:10429 FMA:259054 GAID:26 MESH:A.01.047.050 SCTID:181613000 The abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior (front) walls. There is a common set of layers covering and forming all the walls: the deepest being the extraperitoneal fat, the parietal peritoneum, and a layer of fascia which has different names over where it covers (eg transversalis, psoas fascia). Superficial to these, but not present in the posterior wall are the three layers of muscle, the transversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and the external oblique (obliquus externus). UBERON:0003697 layers of the abdominal wall ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Wall paries abdominalis paries abdominalis uberon wall of abdomen Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall layers of the abdominal wall Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall paries abdominalis FMA:259054 wall of abdomen The abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior (front) walls. There is a common set of layers covering and forming all the walls: the deepest being the extraperitoneal fat, the parietal peritoneum, and a layer of fascia which has different names over where it covers (eg transversalis, psoas fascia). Superficial to these, but not present in the posterior wall are the three layers of muscle, the transversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and the external oblique (obliquus externus). Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall paries abdominalis subtalar joint A joint of the foot that connects the talus and the calcaneus. FMA:35198 GAID:260 MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831.780 SCTID:182213007 UBERON:0003698 articulatio subtalaris articulatio talocalcanea ncithesaurus:Subtalar_Joint subtalar joint talocalcaneal articulation talocalcaneal joint uberon Wikipedia:Subtalar_joint talocalcaneal articulation GAID:260 talocalcaneal joint FMA:35198 FMA:TA articulatio subtalaris FMA:35198 subtalar joint MESH FMA:35198 FMA:TA articulatio talocalcanea A joint of the foot that connects the talus and the calcaneus. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Subtalar_joint pubic symphysis AAO:0000769 FMA:16950 GAID:267 In birds, the pubic symphysis is present only in the ostrich, and the two hip bones are usually widely separated, making it easier to lay large eggs - Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 188–192. ISBN 0-03-910284-X. MESH:A.02.835.583.656 OpenCyc:Mx4rwGw9npwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:182200001 UBERON:0003699 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gray321.png/200px-Gray321.png interpubic articulation ncithesaurus:Pubic_Symphisis symphisis pubis symphysis pubica, symphysis pubis symphysis pubis symphysis pubis the firm fibrocartilaginous joint in the median plane between the two opposing surfaces of the pubic bones, which are united by an interpubic disc of fibrocartilage as well as the superior and arcuate pubic ligaments. uberon Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis symphisis pubis FMA:16950 symphysis pubis Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis symphysis pubica, symphysis pubis MP:0009575 Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis the firm fibrocartilaginous joint in the median plane between the two opposing surfaces of the pubic bones, which are united by an interpubic disc of fibrocartilage as well as the superior and arcuate pubic ligaments. FMA Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis symphysis pubis FMA Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis interpubic articulation temporomandibular joint A joint of the jaw. There are two TMJs, one on either side, working in unison. The name is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone which is part of the cranium (skull), and the lower jaw bone called the mandible. The unique feature of the TMJs is the articular disc. The disc is composed of fibrocartilagenous tissue (like the firm and flexible elastic cartilage of the ear) which is positioned between the two bones that form the joint. The TMJs are one of the only synovial joints in the human body with an articular disc, another being the sternoclavicular joint. The disc divides each joint into two. The lower joint compartment formed by the mandible and the articular disc is involved in rotational movement -- this is the initial movement of the jaw when the mouth opens. The upper joint compartment formed by the articular disk and the temporal bone is involved in translational movement -- this is the secondary gliding motion of the jaw as it is opened widely. The part of the mandible which mates to the under-surface of the disc is the condyle and the part of the temporal bone which mates to the upper surface of the disk is the glenoid (or mandibular) fossa[WP]. BTO:0003674 EMAPA:19196 FMA:54832 GAID:272 MA:0002899 MESH:A.02.835.583.861 SCTID:181814009 TMJ UBERON:0003700 articulatio temporomandibularis dentary-squamosal joint jaw joint ncithesaurus:Jaw_Joint squamosal-dentary joint tempero-mandibular joint temperomandibular joint temporalmandibular joint temporomandibular temporomandibular articulation temporomandibular joint uberon Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint tempero-mandibular joint dentary-squamosal joint http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporalmandibular joint BTO:0003674 TMJ Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html squamosal-dentary joint HP:0010754 temperomandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint articulatio temporomandibularis Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular articulation A joint of the jaw. There are two TMJs, one on either side, working in unison. The name is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone which is part of the cranium (skull), and the lower jaw bone called the mandible. The unique feature of the TMJs is the articular disc. The disc is composed of fibrocartilagenous tissue (like the firm and flexible elastic cartilage of the ear) which is positioned between the two bones that form the joint. The TMJs are one of the only synovial joints in the human body with an articular disc, another being the sternoclavicular joint. The disc divides each joint into two. The lower joint compartment formed by the mandible and the articular disc is involved in rotational movement -- this is the initial movement of the jaw when the mouth opens. The upper joint compartment formed by the articular disk and the temporal bone is involved in translational movement -- this is the secondary gliding motion of the jaw as it is opened widely. The part of the mandible which mates to the under-surface of the disc is the condyle and the part of the temporal bone which mates to the upper surface of the disk is the glenoid (or mandibular) fossa[WP]. Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint articulatio temporomandibularis achilles tendon FMA:51061 GAID:277 MA:0002993 MESH:A.02.880.176 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjNX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181705009 The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. UBERON:0003701 achille's tendon calcaneal tendon ncithesaurus:Achilles_Tendon tendo calcaneus tendo calcaneus, tendo Achillis uberon FMA:51061 calcaneal tendon MA:0002993 tendo calcaneus FMA The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. Wikipedia:Achilles_tendon Wikipedia:Achilles_tendon tendo calcaneus, tendo Achillis FMA inguinal canal EMAPA:19171 EMAPA:26913 FMA:19928 GAID:28 MESH:A.01.047.412 SCTID:243966008 The inguinal canal is a passage in the anterior (toward the front of the body) abdominal wall which in men conveys the spermatic cord + the ilioinguinal nerve and in women the round ligament + the ilioinguinal nerve. The inguinal canal is larger and more prominent in men. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003702 canalis inguinalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gray1227.png/200px-Gray1227.png ncithesaurus:Inguinal_Canal uberon Wikipedia The inguinal canal is a passage in the anterior (toward the front of the body) abdominal wall which in men conveys the spermatic cord + the ilioinguinal nerve and in women the round ligament + the ilioinguinal nerve. The inguinal canal is larger and more prominent in men. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal canalis inguinalis extrahepatic bile duct FMA:14678 GAID:281 MA:0002659 MESH:A.03.159.183.079 SCTID:276158002 UBERON:0003703 bile duct extrahepatic part extrahepatic biliary system ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct the passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. uberon MP:0009498 the passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. GAID:281 extrahepatic biliary system MA:0002659 bile duct extrahepatic part intrahepatic bile duct FMA:15766 GAID:287 MA:0001630 MESH:A.03.159.183.158 SCTID:362193005 TAO:0005169 UBERON:0003704 ZFA:0005169 bile duct intrahepatic part ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct the passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. uberon MP:0009497 the passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. MA:0001630 bile duct intrahepatic part meckel's diverticulum AO notes: finding in ncit FMA:14967 GAID:317 MESH:A.03.492.411.620.484.612 UBERON:0003705 a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct diverticulum of meckel galen:MeckelsDiverticulum ileal diverticulum meckel diverticulum meckel's diverticulum meckels diverticulum ncithesaurus:Meckel_Diverticulum uberon Wikipedia FMA:14967 meckel's diverticulum GAID:317 meckel diverticulum FMA:14967 ileal diverticulum Wikipedia:Meckel's_diverticulum a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct FMA:14967 diverticulum of meckel GAID:317 meckels diverticulum vocal cord BTO:0005084 EMAPA:19181 Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx. FMA:55457 GAID:344 MESH:A.04.329.364.737 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVieepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245504003 Stimmband Stimmlippe UBERON:0003706 ncithesaurus:Vocal_Cord plica vocalis true vocal cord uberon vocal band vocal chord vocal cord vocal fold BTO:0005084 vocal chord BTO FMA:55457 vocal cord BTO:0005084 Stimmband Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx. Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ FMA FMA:55457 true vocal cord BTO:0005084 vocal band BTO:0005084 Stimmlippe GAID:344 vocal fold BTO:0005084 plica vocalis sinus of Valsalva EMAPA:18625 FMA:3745 GAID:472 MESH:A.07.231.114.056.847 Petit's sinus UBERON:0003707 aortic sinus one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta, which occurs just above the aortic valve. sinus aorta sinus aortae sinus of Morgagni sinus of Otto sinus of valsalva uberon valsalva sinus Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta, which occurs just above the aortic valve. Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus sinus aorta Petit's sinus Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus GAID:472 valsalva sinus Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus sinus aortae FMA:3745 sinus of valsalva Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus sinus aortae Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus sinus of Morgagni GAID:472 aortic sinus Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus sinus of Otto carotid sinus EMAPA:19320 FMA:50094 GAID:482 In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery bifurcation. A synonym for the carotid sinus is the carotid bulb. [WP,unvetted]. MESH:A.07.231.114.186.456 SCTID:281137000 UBERON:0003708 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray513.png/200px-Gray513.png sinus caroticus uberon In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery bifurcation. A synonym for the carotid sinus is the carotid bulb. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Carotid_sinus Wikipedia:Carotid_sinus sinus caroticus circle of Willis EHDAA2:0000252 EHDAA:9758 FMA:50454 GAID:486 In zebrafish, the circle of vessels comprised of the basal communicating artery (BCA) and posterior communicating segments (PCS) superficially resemble but are not homologous to the human circle of Willis[http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html]. Editor note: MESH:A.07.231.114.228.351 OpenCyc:Mx4rwSrCwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362047009 UBERON:0003709 Willis circle a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries: Anterior cerebral artery (left and right); Anterior communicating artery; Internal carotid artery (left and right); Posterior cerebral artery (left and right); Posterior communicating artery (left and right).The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are also considered part of the circle arterial circle arterial circle of Willis cerebral arterial circle circulus arteriosus cerebri http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg/200px-Circle_of_Willis_en.svg.png uberon Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis arterial circle FMA-modified GAID:486 Willis circle Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis circulus arteriosus cerebri GAID:486 cerebral arterial circle Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries: Anterior cerebral artery (left and right); Anterior communicating artery; Internal carotid artery (left and right); Posterior cerebral artery (left and right); Posterior communicating artery (left and right).The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are also considered part of the circle FMA-modified vasa vasorum FMA:77433 GAID:526 MESH:A.07.231.836 Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins. SCTID:7524009 Taxon notes: The aorta of swine contains a vaso vasorum like humans - http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/swine/swine.htm#art UBERON:0003710 ncithesaurus:Vasa_Vasorum uberon MESH:A.07.231.836 Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_vasorum brachiocephalic vein EHDAA2:0000182 EHDAA:9868 FMA:4723 GAID:529 MESH:A.07.231.908.130 OpenCyc:Mx4rvz3aUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181371003 The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. UBERON:0003711 brachiocephalic venous tree galen:BrachiocephalicVein innomiate vein innominate trunk innominate vein innominate vein innominate veins ncithesaurus:Innominate_Vein uberon vena brachiocephalica vena brachiocephalica, venae anonymæ Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein vena brachiocephalica, venae anonymæ Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein innominate trunk Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein innominate veins FMA:4723 brachiocephalic venous tree Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein vena brachiocephalica GAID:529 innominate vein FMA:4723 innominate vein The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein innomiate vein Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein innominate vein cavernous sinus EMAPA:19059 FMA:50772 GAID:532 MESH:A.07.231.908.224.334 OpenCyc:Mx4rwKAVGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244402005 UBERON:0003712 ncithesaurus:Cavernous_Sinus uberon splenic vein FMA:14331 GAID:541 In anatomy, the splenic vein (in the past called the lienal vein) is the blood vessel that drains blood from the spleen. It joins with the superior mesenteric vein, to form the hepatic portal vein and follows a course superior to the pancreas, alongside of the similarly named artery, the splenic artery. It collects branches from the stomach and pancreas and most notably from the large intestine, which is drained by the inferior mesenteric vein and joins with splenic vein shortly before it forms the portal vein. [WP,unvetted]. MESH:A.07.231.908.670.730 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt0eZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278029005 UBERON:0003713 galen:SplenicVein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gray1189.png/200px-Gray1189.png ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein uberon vena lienalis In anatomy, the splenic vein (in the past called the lienal vein) is the blood vessel that drains blood from the spleen. It joins with the superior mesenteric vein, to form the hepatic portal vein and follows a course superior to the pancreas, alongside of the similarly named artery, the splenic artery. It collects branches from the stomach and pancreas and most notably from the large intestine, which is drained by the inferior mesenteric vein and joins with splenic vein shortly before it forms the portal vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Splenic_vein Wikipedia:Splenic_vein vena lienalis neural tissue AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA definition includes vasculature FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:A.08.561 OpenCyc:Mx4rVmfYCsQ_QdeM_bFAeS8NRQ Portion of tissue which consists of neurons, neuroglia and vasculature. Examples: Neural tissue of brain, neural tissue of peripheral ganglion, neural tissue of nerve[FMA]. SCTID:91728009 UBERON:0003714 ncithesaurus:Nervous_Tissue nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue uberon FMA:9642 nervous tissue FMA:9642 Portion of tissue which consists of neurons, neuroglia and vasculature. Examples: Neural tissue of brain, neural tissue of peripheral ganglion, neural tissue of nerve[FMA]. FMA:9642 portion of neural tissue FMA:9642 nerve tissue splanchnic nerve FMA:5883 GAID:800 MESH:A.08.800.050.050.800 SCTID:264198001 UBERON:0003715 the major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. uberon MP:0008318 the major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. recurrent laryngeal nerve FMA:6246 GAID:804 MESH:A.08.800.050.050.925.450.700 SCTID:24227007 UBERON:0003716 inferior laryngeal nerve uberon GAID:804 inferior laryngeal nerve golgi-mazzoni corpuscle FMA:83609 GAID:817 MESH:A.08.800.550.700.500.300 SCTID:37419002 UBERON:0003717 corpuscle of golgi-mazzoni golgi mazzoni corpuscle golgi-mazzoni corpuscle uberon GAID:817 golgi mazzoni corpuscle FMA:83609 golgi-mazzoni corpuscle FMA:83609 corpuscle of golgi-mazzoni muscle spindle FMA:83607 GAID:819 MESH:A.08.800.550.700.500.500 SCTID:12945004 UBERON:0003718 muscle stretch receptor ncithesaurus:Muscle_Spindle neuromuscular spindle neuromuscular spindle the sensory organs in muscle that are involved in the stretch reflex. uberon FMA:83607 neuromuscular spindle GAID:819 muscle stretch receptor GAID:819 neuromuscular spindle MP:0004069 the sensory organs in muscle that are involved in the stretch reflex. pacinian corpuscle FMA:83604 GAID:820 MESH:A.08.800.550.700.500.700 NIF_Subcellular:FMA_83604 UBERON:0003719 any of the rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin, and which normally contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers. golgi-mazzoni golgi-mazzoni corpuscles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray935.png/200px-Gray935.png lamellated corpuscle pacinian body pacinian corpuscle pacinian corpuscle end-organs pacinian corpuscles uberon vater-pacini corpuscle vater-pacini corpuscles Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle pacinian corpuscle end-organs Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle pacinian corpuscles Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle pacinian corpuscle Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle vater-pacini corpuscles Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle vater-pacini corpuscle Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle lamellated corpuscle Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle golgi-mazzoni corpuscles Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle golgi-mazzoni Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle pacinian body MP:0000988 Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle any of the rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin, and which normally contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers. anterior cranial fossa FMA:9682 GAID:83 MESH:A.01.456.830.150 The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae. UBERON:0003720 anterior fossa fossa cranii anterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/200px-Gray193.png ncithesaurus:Anterior_Fossa uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_cranial_fossa fossa cranii anterior The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae. Wikipedia:Anterior_cranial_fossa lingual nerve FMA:53218 GAID:835 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.760.500.450 SCTID:280260006 UBERON:0003721 uberon middle cranial fossa FMA:54369 GAID:84 MESH:A.01.456.830.165 The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones[MESH]. The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellC&; laterally by the temporal squamC&, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures[WP]. UBERON:0003722 fossa cranii media middle fossa ncithesaurus:Middle_Fossa uberon MESH:A.01.456.830.165 The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones[MESH]. The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellC&; laterally by the temporal squamC&, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures[WP]. Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa fossa cranii media Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa middle fossa vestibular nerve EHDAA2:0002200 FMA:53401 GAID:840 MA:0001111 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.910.900 OpenCyc:Mx4rvxAWX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362464003 The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). It goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion. It receives positional information. Axons of the vestibular nerve synapse in the vestibular nucleus on the lateral floor and wall of the fourth ventricle in the pons and medulla. It arises from bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion, ganglion of Scarpa, which is situated in the upper part of the outer end of the internal auditory meatus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003723 VHOG:0001181 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg/200px-Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Nerve nervus vestibularis scarpa ganglion scarpa's ganglion scarpas ganglion uberon vestibular root of acoustic nerve vestibular root of eighth cranial nerve vestibulocochlear VIII nerve vestibular component MA:0001111 vestibulocochlear VIII nerve vestibular component FMA:53401 vestibular root of acoustic nerve GAID:840 scarpa's ganglion GAID:840 scarpa ganglion Wikipedia:Vestibular_nerve nervus vestibularis GAID:840 scarpas ganglion FMA:53401 vestibular root of eighth cranial nerve The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). It goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion. It receives positional information. Axons of the vestibular nerve synapse in the vestibular nucleus on the lateral floor and wall of the fourth ventricle in the pons and medulla. It arises from bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion, ganglion of Scarpa, which is situated in the upper part of the outer end of the internal auditory meatus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vestibular_nerve musculocutaneous nerve FMA:37064 GAID:844 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.050.540 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzp0l5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181019000 The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from C5, C6, C7. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003724 casserio's nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif/200px-Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif nervus musculocutaneus uberon Wikipedia:Musculocutaneous_nerve nervus musculocutaneus The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from C5, C6, C7. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Musculocutaneous_nerve FMA:37064 casserio's nerve cervical plexus FMA:5904 GAID:847 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.150 OpenCyc:Mx4rvkEE3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181107005 The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C5 cervical segment in the neck. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral from lateral side. Here there is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to sternocleidomastoid. Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the head, as well as some neck muscles. The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid[WP]. UBERON:0003725 cervical nerve plexus cervical plexus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gray784.png/200px-Gray784.png plexus cervicalis plexus cervicalis uberon Wikipedia:Cervical_plexus plexus cervicalis FMA:5904 cervical nerve plexus The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C5 cervical segment in the neck. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral from lateral side. Here there is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to sternocleidomastoid. Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the head, as well as some neck muscles. The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid[WP]. Wikipedia:Cervical_plexus FMA:5904 FMA:TA plexus cervicalis FMA:5904 cervical plexus thoracic nerve FMA:5860 GAID:857 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.800 OpenCyc:Mx4rwSJp_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:360498003 The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. UBERON:0003726 pectoral nerve thoracic spinal nerve uberon FMA:5860 thoracic spinal nerve GAID:857 pectoral nerve MESH:A.08.800.800.720.800 The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. intercostal nerve EMAPA:18227 FMA:6028 GAID:858 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.800.350 SCTID:279568001 The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003727 anterior ramus of thoracic nerve anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray819.png/200px-Gray819.png ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Nerve nervi intercostales ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus thoracic anterior ramus uberon ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve FMA:6028 anterior ramus of thoracic nerve FMA:6028 thoracic anterior ramus Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves nervi intercostales FMA:6028 ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus FMA:6028 ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves FMA:6028 anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve mediastinum EFO:0003057 FMA:9826 GAID:94 MESH:A.01.911.800.500 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2OKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181217005 The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. The mediastinum lies between the right and left pleura in and near the median sagittal plane of the chest. It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind, and contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs. It may be divided for purposes of description into two parts:an upper portion, above the upper level of the pericardium, which is named the superior mediastinum with its superior limit at the superior thoracic opening and its inferior limit at the plane from the sternal angle to the disc of T4-T5 (Plane of Ludwig at Angle of Louis); and a lower portion, below the upper level of the pericardium. This lower portion is again subdivided into three parts, viz. that in front of the pericardium, the anterior mediastinum; that containing the pericardium and its contents, the middle mediastinum; and that behind the pericardium, the posterior mediastinum. It is surrounded by the chest wall anteriorly, the lungs laterally and the spine posteriorly. It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck, and extends inferiorly onto the diaphragm. UBERON:0003728 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mediastinum.png/200px-Mediastinum.png mediastinal part of chest ncithesaurus:Mediastinum uberon FMA:9826 mediastinal part of chest The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. The mediastinum lies between the right and left pleura in and near the median sagittal plane of the chest. It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind, and contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs. It may be divided for purposes of description into two parts:an upper portion, above the upper level of the pericardium, which is named the superior mediastinum with its superior limit at the superior thoracic opening and its inferior limit at the plane from the sternal angle to the disc of T4-T5 (Plane of Ludwig at Angle of Louis); and a lower portion, below the upper level of the pericardium. This lower portion is again subdivided into three parts, viz. that in front of the pericardium, the anterior mediastinum; that containing the pericardium and its contents, the middle mediastinum; and that behind the pericardium, the posterior mediastinum. It is surrounded by the chest wall anteriorly, the lungs laterally and the spine posteriorly. It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck, and extends inferiorly onto the diaphragm. Wikipedia:Mediastinum mouth mucosa BTO:0002860 FMA:59660 GAID:951 MA:0002794 MESH:A.10.615.550.599 UBERON:0003729 adult mouth mucosa adult mouth mucosa of organ adult mouth mucous membrane adult mouth organ mucosa buccal mucosa mouth mucosa mouth mucosa of organ mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of adult mouth mucosa of mouth mucosa of organ of adult mouth mucosa of organ of mouth mucosal lining of mouth mucous membrane of adult mouth mucous membrane of mouth ncit split mouth/oral mucosa into lip and buccal ncithesaurus:Oral_Mucosa oral mucosa oral part of viscerocranial mucosa organ mucosa of adult mouth organ mucosa of mouth the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized. tunica mucosa oris tunica mucosa oris uberon GAID:951 oral mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of mouth OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of adult mouth GAID:951 buccal mucosa Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa tunica mucosa oris OBOL:automatic mouth organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mouth mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of mouth OBOL:automatic adult mouth mucous membrane OBOL:automatic adult mouth mucosa of organ FMA:59660 FMA:TA tunica mucosa oris OBOL:automatic adult mouth organ mucosa FMA:59660 oral part of viscerocranial mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of adult mouth FMA:59660 mucous membrane of mouth OBOL:automatic adult mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of mouth OBOL:automatic mouth mucosa of organ MA:0002794 mucosal lining of mouth OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of adult mouth FMA:59660 mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of adult mouth Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized. prostate bud A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO]. AR activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth. There are three phases of prostatic budding: (1) the specification phase, when instructive developmental cues define where buds will form in the UGS, (2) the initiation phase, when prostatic buds begin to form, and (3) the elongation phase, when proliferation, cell adhesion, and cell migration coordinate outgrowth of prostatic buds into UGM. Timing of prostatic bud formation and the quantity and pattern of buds that are formed in the UGS are strictly regulated [3, 4]. The position of prostatic buds as they emerge from the UGS in utero determines the arrangement of prostate ducts in adulthood.[PMID:18977204] UBERON:0003820 prostate ductal progenitor prostatic bud uberon PMID:18977204 prostate ductal progenitor PMID:18977204 GO:0060572 A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO]. GO:0060513 metacarpal/metatarsal bone MA:0000301 UBERON:0003821 cannon bone metacarpal or metatarsal bone metacarpal/metatarsal metapodium bone uberon UBERON:cjm http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial metapodium bone UBERON:cjm cannon bone forelimb stylopod A stylopod that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. AAO:0000887 EHDAA2:0002112 EHDAA:4186 EHDAA:6234 EMAPA:17424 FMA:24890 MA:0000035 MESH:A.01.378.800.075 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0Z5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:302538001 UBERON:0003822 VHOG:0000343 VSAO:0005057 WP states: anatomical usage, the term arm refers specifically to the segment between the shoulder and the elbow, while the segment between the elbow and wrist is the forearm. However, in common, literary, and historical usage, arm refers to the entire upper limb from shoulder to wrist. FMA uses the term Arm for this class, so we place it here. // comment: todo - check fore propodium in AAO // Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here arm brachial region brachium forelimb stylopodial element forelimb stylopodium galen:Arm hind propodium hindlimb propodium ncithesaurus:Arm proximal segment of free upper limb regio brachialis stylopod of arm stylopod of forelimb uberon upper arm FMA:24890 FMA:TA regio brachialis OBOL:automatic forelimb stylopodium FMA:24890 arm A stylopod that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0000035 upper arm VSAO:0005057 brachium MA AAO:0000887 hind propodium MA:th forelimb stylopodial element hindlimb zeugopod A zeugopod that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. EFO:0003051 EHDAA2:0001030 EHDAA:5165 EHDAA:6190 EMAPA:17496 FMA:24979 FMA:24984 MA:0000051 MESH:A.01.378.610.500 OpenCyc:Mx4rvczZBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:244015008 UBERON:0003823 VHOG:0000348 VSAO:0005060 calf calf of leg crus crus of hindlimb galen:Leg hind epipodium hind limb middle limb segment hind limb zeugopod hindlimb epipodium hindlimb middle limb segment hindlimb zeugopod hindlimb zeugopodium intermediate segment of free lower limb leg lower extremity middle limb segment lower extremity zeugopod lower leg middle limb segment of hind limb middle limb segment of hindlimb ncithesaurus:Leg note that FMA:24979 denotes the middle segment (zeugopod), its placement here is correct. See obo-anatomy archives for discussion // Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here posterior curral region posterior leg region posterior part of leg posterior region of leg regio cruris posterior regio surae shank sura sural region uberon zeugopod of hind limb zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb FMA:24984 calf of leg OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment FMA:24984 posterior region of leg MA FMA:24984 posterior curral region FMA:24984 sural region FMA:24979 intermediate segment of free lower limb FMA:24984 FMA:TA sura OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb VSAO:0005060 shank A zeugopod that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic VSAO:0005060 crus OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod FMA:24984 FMA:TA regio surae FMA:24979 MESH:A.01.378.610.500 leg FMA:24984 FMA:TA regio cruris posterior OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod hind epipodium FMA:24984 posterior leg region OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopodium FMA:24984 posterior part of leg thoracic segment nerve A nerve that is part of a thorax [Obol]. MA:0000562 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.800 UBERON:0003824 nerve of thorax thorax nerve uberon upper body nerve MA:0000562 upper body nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax nerve A nerve that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment nerve A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. MA:0000528 UBERON:0003825 abdominal segment of trunk nerve nerve of abdominal segment of trunk uberon A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk nerve upper leg bone A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000682 UBERON:0003826 uberon A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thoracic segment bone A bone that is part of a thorax [Obol]. MA:0000559 SCTID:426649006 UBERON:0003827 bone of thorax bone organ of thorax thorax bone thorax bone organ uberon upper body bone OBOL:automatic bone of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax bone organ OBOL:automatic thorax bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of thorax MA:0000559 upper body bone A bone that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment bone A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. MA:0000525 UBERON:0003828 abdominal segment of trunk bone abdominal segment of trunk bone organ bone of abdominal segment of trunk bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk uberon OBOL:automatic bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of abdominal segment of trunk A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk bone urethra muscle A muscle organ that is part of a urethra [Obol]. AO notes: FMA class may not be equivalent FMA:76909 MA:0002649 UBERON:0003829 muscle layer of urethra muscle organ of urethra uberon urethra muscle organ urethral muscle layer MA:0002649 urethral muscle layer OBOL:automatic urethra muscle organ FMA:76909 muscle layer of urethra A muscle organ that is part of a urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of urethra thoracic segment muscle A muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Obol]. MA:0000561 UBERON:0003830 muscle organ of thorax thorax muscle organ uberon upper body muscle A muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0000561 upper body muscle OBOL:automatic muscle organ of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax muscle organ respiratory system muscle A muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001828 UBERON:0003831 apparatus respiratorius muscle organ muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius muscle organ of respiratory system respiratory system muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic muscle organ of respiratory system A muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic respiratory system muscle organ OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius muscle organ esophagus muscle A muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. FMA:62998 MA:0002682 SCTID:360961009 UBERON:0003832 esophagus muscle organ gullet muscle organ muscle organ of esophagus muscle organ of gullet muscle organ of oesophagus oesophagus muscle organ todo - split muscle vs muscle layer? MA subdivides into skeletal/smooth, wth smooth divided into circular and longitudinal uberon OBOL:automatic oesophagus muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of gullet OBOL:automatic esophagus muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of esophagus MA OBOL:automatic gullet muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of oesophagus A muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment muscle A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. MA:0000527 UBERON:0003833 abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk uberon OBOL:automatic muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thoracic segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Obol]. MA:0000558 UBERON:0003834 blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel uberon upper body blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of thorax MA:0000558 upper body blood vessel abdominal segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. MA:0000524 UBERON:0003835 abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment skin A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. MA:0000530 UBERON:0003836 abdominal segment of trunk skin skin of abdominal segment of trunk uberon OBOL:automatic skin of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk skin A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA MA thoracic segment connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Obol]. MA:0000560 UBERON:0003837 connective tissue of thorax portion of connective tissue of thorax textus connectivus of thorax thorax connective tissue thorax portion of connective tissue thorax textus connectivus uberon upper body connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of thorax OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of thorax A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic thorax textus connectivus MA:0000560 upper body connective tissue abdominal segment connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. MA:0000526 UBERON:0003838 abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk uberon OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus forelimb joint A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. EMAPA:19204 MA:0000614 UBERON:0003839 anteriormost limb joint of limb anteriormost limb limb joint fore limb joint of limb fore limb limb joint forelimb joint of limb forelimb limb joint joint of limb of anteriormost limb joint of limb of fore limb joint of limb of forelimb joint of limb of superior member joint of limb of upper extremity limb joint of anteriormost limb limb joint of fore limb limb joint of forelimb limb joint of superior member limb joint of upper extremity superior member joint of limb superior member limb joint uberon upper extremity joint of limb upper extremity limb joint OBOL:automatic limb joint of forelimb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of upper extremity OBOL:automatic limb joint of upper extremity OBOL:automatic upper extremity joint of limb OBOL:automatic limb joint of superior member OBOL:automatic joint of limb of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic limb joint of fore limb A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fore limb joint of limb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of forelimb OBOL:automatic fore limb limb joint OBOL:automatic forelimb limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of limb of superior member OBOL:automatic superior member limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of limb of fore limb OBOL:automatic forelimb joint of limb OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb limb joint OBOL:automatic superior member joint of limb OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb joint of limb OBOL:automatic limb joint of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic upper extremity limb joint hindlimb joint A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. MA:0000662 UBERON:0003840 hind limb joint of limb hind limb limb joint hindlimb joint of limb hindlimb limb joint inferior member joint of limb inferior member limb joint joint of limb of hind limb joint of limb of hindlimb joint of limb of inferior member joint of limb of lower extremity joint of lower limb limb joint of hind limb limb joint of hindlimb limb joint of inferior member limb joint of lower extremity lower extremity joint of limb lower extremity limb joint uberon OBOL:automatic joint of limb of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity joint of limb OBOL:automatic hind limb limb joint A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hind limb joint of limb OBOL:automatic limb joint of lower extremity OBOL:automatic joint of limb of hindlimb OBOL:automatic limb joint of inferior member OBOL:automatic limb joint of hindlimb OBOL:automatic limb joint of hind limb OBOL:automatic hindlimb limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of limb of lower extremity OBOL:automatic inferior member joint of limb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of inferior member OBOL:automatic inferior member limb joint OBOL:automatic lower extremity limb joint OBOL:automatic hindlimb joint of limb UBERON:cjm joint of lower limb autopod joint A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Obol]. MA:0002715 UBERON:0003841 autopod joint of limb autopod limb joint distal free limb segment joint of limb distal free limb segment limb joint joint of limb of autopod joint of limb of distal free limb segment limb joint of autopod limb joint of distal free limb segment paw joint uberon OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment limb joint OBOL:automatic limb joint of distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic joint of limb of autopod A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic limb joint of autopod OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment joint of limb OBOL:automatic autopod joint of limb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic autopod limb joint MA:0002715 paw joint neural tube lumen AAO:0011073 EHDAA2:0001269 EHDAA:2889 EHDAA:914 EMAPA:16167 EMAPA:16533 TODO - check UBERON:0003842 UBERON:0005713 VHOG:0001119 XAO:0000252 cavity of neural tube lumen of neural tube neural lumen neural tube neural lumen uberon EHDAA2:0001269 neural tube neural lumen UBERON:cjm lumen of neural tube UBERON:cjm cavity of neural tube EHDAA:2889 neural lumen dental epithelium AAO:0011027 BTO:0001723 Development notes: In the developing molar dentition of the mouse, tooth inductive po- tential resides in the dental epithelium until embryonic day (E)12.5 (3). Thereafter, tooth inductive potential shifts to neural crest-derived dental mesenchyme, which acquires the ability to direct tooth formation in nonodontogenic tissues (3, 4)[PMID:10954731] EMAPA:17922 EMAPA:17943 Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ. TAO:0005134 UBERON:0003843 VHOG:0001443 XAO:0003203 ZFA:0005134 dental epithelia dental epithelium tootg epithelium uberon Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ. ZFIN:curator BTO ZFA:0005134 dental epithelia ZFA:0005134 dental epithelium upper eyelid epithelium An epithelium that is part of a upper eyelid [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002116 EMAPA:17835 UBERON:0003844 VHOG:0000638 epithelial tissue of superior eyelid epithelial tissue of upper eyelid epithelium of superior eyelid epithelium of upper eyelid superior eyelid epithelial tissue superior eyelid epithelium uberon upper eyelid epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic superior eyelid epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic superior eyelid epithelium OBOL:automatic upper eyelid epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of upper eyelid An epithelium that is part of a upper eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of upper eyelid OBOL:automatic epithelium of superior eyelid OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of superior eyelid lower eyelid epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lower eyelid [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001016 EMAPA:17832 UBERON:0003845 VHOG:0000637 epithelial tissue of inferior eyelid epithelial tissue of lower eyelid epithelium of inferior eyelid epithelium of lower eyelid inferior eyelid epithelial tissue inferior eyelid epithelium lower eyelid epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower eyelid OBOL:automatic inferior eyelid epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of inferior eyelid OBOL:automatic inferior eyelid epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of inferior eyelid OBOL:automatic epithelium of lower eyelid OBOL:automatic lower eyelid epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a lower eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thymus epithelium BTO:0001836 EHDAA2:0002019 MA:0000768 UBERON:0003846 VHOG:0001426 epithelial tissue of thymus epithelial tissue of thymus gland epithelium of thymus epithelium of thymus gland ncithesaurus:Thymic_Epithelial_Tissue the supporting framework of the thymus. thymic epithelial tissue thymic epithelium thymus epithelial tissue thymus gland epithelial tissue thymus gland epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of thymus gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of thymus gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of thymus OBOL:automatic thymus gland epithelium OBOL:automatic thymus gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of thymus MP:0009544 the supporting framework of the thymus. BTO:0001836 thymic epithelium OBOL:automatic thymus epithelial tissue thyroid artery AAO:0010490 EHDAA2:0002029 EHDAA:7372 EMAPA:18622 MA:0002066 UBERON:0003847 VHOG:0001366 ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Artery uberon gonadal vein EHDAA2:0000719 EHDAA:8703 In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. OpenCyc:Mx4rvlWYh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278192008 UBERON:0003848 VHOG:0001340 gonad vein gonada vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray1120.png/200px-Gray1120.png uberon vein of gonad vein of gonada OBOL:automatic vein of gonada OBOL:automatic vein of gonad OBOL:automatic gonada vein In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gonadal_vein OBOL:automatic gonad vein mesencephalic neural crest EFO:0003591 EHDAA2:0001101 EHDAA:360 TAO:0000935 UBERON:0003849 VHOG:0000796 ZFA:0000935 mesencephalic neural crest neural crest midbrain uberon ZFA:0000935 neural crest midbrain ZFA ZFA:0000935 mesencephalic neural crest telencephalon neural crest EFO:0003574 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001991 TAO:0000812 UBERON:0003850 VHOG:0000799 ZFA:0000812 neural crest telencephalon uberon ZFA:0000812 neural crest telencephalon diencephalon neural crest EFO:0003573 EHDAA2:0000603 EMAPA:16518 TAO:0000811 UBERON:0003851 VHOG:0000798 ZFA:0000811 diencephalic neural crest future diencephalon neural crest neural crest diencephalon neural crest of future diencephalon uberon ZFA:0000811 diencephalic neural crest EHDAA2:0000603 future diencephalon neural crest EMAPA:16518 neural crest of future diencephalon ZFA:0000811 neural crest diencephalon rhombencephalon neural crest EHDAA2:0001628 EHDAA:362 TAO:0007063 UBERON:0003852 VHOG:0001210 ZFA:0007063 neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest uberon ZFA:0007063 rhombencephalic neural crest ZFA:0007063 neural crest hindbrain spinal cord neural crest EHDAA:696 EMAPA:16094 EMAPA:16163 EMAPA:16529 EMAPA:16881 UBERON:0003853 VHOG:0001006 uberon spinal cord neural plate TAO:0007021 UBERON:0003854 VHOG:0000439 ZFA:0007021 neural plate of spinal cord uberon ZFA OBOL:automatic neural plate of spinal cord gonad mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a gonad [Obol]. EHDAA:5012 EMAPA:16858 EMAPA:17385 UBERON:0003855 VHOG:0001090 gonada mesenchyme mesenchyme of gonad mesenchyme of gonada uberon OBOL:automatic gonada mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a gonad [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonada OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonad dental mesenchyme EMAPA:17920 EMAPA:17923 EMAPA:17941 EMAPA:17944 Mesenchyme enclosed by dental organ. TAO:0005139 TODO - neural crest contributions UBERON:0003856 VHOG:0001444 ZFA:0005139 dental organ mesenchyme enamel organ mesenchyme tooth enamel organ mesenchyme tooth mesenchyme uberon Mesenchyme enclosed by dental organ. ZFIN:curator OBOL:automatic tooth enamel organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic tooth mesenchyme ZFA ZFA OBOL:automatic dental organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic enamel organ mesenchyme upper eyelid mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a upper eyelid [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002117 EHDAA:9051 UBERON:0003857 VHOG:0001093 mesenchyme of superior eyelid mesenchyme of upper eyelid superior eyelid mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a upper eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of superior eyelid EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of upper eyelid OBOL:automatic superior eyelid mesenchyme lower eyelid mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a lower eyelid [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001017 EHDAA:9045 UBERON:0003858 VHOG:0001036 inferior eyelid mesenchyme mesenchyme of inferior eyelid mesenchyme of lower eyelid uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lower eyelid EHDAA2 A mesenchyme that is part of a lower eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic inferior eyelid mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of inferior eyelid forelimb mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. UBERON:0003859 VHOG:0001109 anteriormost limb mesenchyme fore limb mesenchyme mesenchyme of anteriormost limb mesenchyme of fore limb mesenchyme of forelimb mesenchyme of superior member mesenchyme of upper extremity superior member mesenchyme uberon upper extremity mesenchyme wing mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of forelimb Geisha:syn wing mesenchyme OBOL:automatic fore limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of superior member OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic superior member mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of fore limb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of upper extremity OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of anteriormost limb A mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic upper extremity mesenchyme hindlimb mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. UBERON:0003860 VHOG:0001074 hind limb mesenchyme inferior member mesenchyme lower extremity mesenchyme mesenchyme of hind limb mesenchyme of hindlimb mesenchyme of inferior member mesenchyme of lower extremity uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of hindlimb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of hind limb OBOL:automatic hind limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lower extremity mesenchyme OBOL:automatic inferior member mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lower extremity OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of inferior member A mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic neural arch AAO:0000725 EFO:0003618 FMA:11946 MA:0001453 OpenCyc:Mx4rwKYHvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:317373001 TAO:0001066 Taxon notes: tiny neural arches present in Hagfish (which lack a true vertebraal column). UBERON:0003861 ZFA:0001066 arcus vertebra arcus vertebrae arcus vertebrae arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) dorsal arcocentrum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray82.png/200px-Gray82.png ncithesaurus:Arch_of_the_Vertebra posterior part of a vertebra that consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes, two transverse processes one spinous process[WP]. ZFA: A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. The neural arch can be a replacement ossification of the basidorsal cartilage or can form directly in membrane bone. uberon vertebra dorsal arch vertebra neural arch Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch arcus vertebra MA:0001453 vertebra dorsal arch FMA:11946 arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) ZFA:0001066 dorsal arcocentrum Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch arcus vertebrae Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch posterior part of a vertebra that consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes, two transverse processes one spinous process[WP]. ZFA: A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. The neural arch can be a replacement ossification of the basidorsal cartilage or can form directly in membrane bone. MA:0001453 vertebra neural arch Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch arcus vertebrae foot digit 4 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. EMAPA:19130 FMA:32901 MA:0001384 SCTID:361804008 UBERON:0003862 digit long bone of foot digit 4 foot digit 4 digit long bone foot digit 4 long bone of digit fourth toe phalanx long bone of digit of foot digit 4 ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_4_Phalanx phalanx of foot digit 4 phalanx of fourth toe uberon OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of foot digit 4 FMA:32901 phalanx of fourth toe OBOL:automatic foot digit 4 long bone of digit FMA:32901 fourth toe phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic phalanx of foot digit 4 OBOL:automatic foot digit 4 digit long bone OBOL:automatic digit long bone of foot digit 4 foot digit 5 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. EMAPA:19132 FMA:32902 MA:0001385 SCTID:361806005 UBERON:0003863 digit long bone of foot digit 5 foot digit 5 digit long bone foot digit 5 long bone of digit little toe phalanx long bone of digit of foot digit 5 ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_5_Phalanx phalanx of fifth digit of foot phalanx of fifth toe phalanx of foot digit 5 phalanx of little toe uberon OBOL:automatic phalanx of foot digit 5 FMA:32902 little toe phalanx OBOL:automatic digit long bone of foot digit 5 A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of foot digit 5 FMA:32902 phalanx of little toe OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 digit long bone OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 long bone of digit FMA:32902 phalanx of fifth digit of foot FMA:32902 phalanx of fifth toe middle phalanx of finger A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]. FMA:75817 MA:0001394 SCTID:113223004 UBERON:0003864 hand middle phalanx middle phalanx of hand ncithesaurus:Middle_Phalanx_of_the_Hand uberon MA:0001394 hand middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of finger A distal phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]. FMA:75818 MA:0001388 SCTID:182001007 UBERON:0003865 distal phalanx of hand hand distal phalanx ncithesaurus:Distal_Phalanx_of_Hand terminal phalanx of hand uberon ungual phalanx of hand http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 ungual phalanx of hand UBERON:cjm terminal phalanx of hand A distal phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001388 hand distal phalanx middle phalanx of toe A middle phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]. FMA:75829 MA:0001386 SCTID:83207005 UBERON:0003866 foot middle phalanx middle phalanx of foot uberon A middle phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001386 foot middle phalanx distal phalanx of toe A distal phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]. FMA:75830 MA:0001380 SCTID:361797001 UBERON:0003867 distal phalanx of foot foot distal phalanx ncithesaurus:Distal_Phalanx_of_Foot terminal phalanx of foot terminal phalanx of hindlimb uberon ungual phalanx of foot ungual phalanx of hindlimb A distal phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm terminal phalanx of foot http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 ungual phalanx of foot UBERON:cjm terminal phalanx of hindlimb http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 ungual phalanx of hindlimb MA:0001380 foot distal phalanx proximal phalanx of toe A proximal phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]. FMA:75828 MA:0001387 SCTID:85533000 UBERON:0003868 foot proximal phalanx ncithesaurus:Proximal_Phalanx_of_Foot proximal phalanx of foot uberon A proximal phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001387 foot proximal phalanx presumptive ganglion UBERON:0003869 uberon presumptive ventricle UBERON:0003874 true uberon subdivision of hippocampus FMA:74041 MA:0002428 UBERON:0003876 do not include ABA:HIP hippocampus region hippocampus subdivision subdivision of hippocampus uberon MA:0002428 hippocampus region FMA:74041 hippocampus subdivision CA1 field of hippocampus ABA:CA1 CA1 CA1 field CA1 field of Ammon's horn CA1 field of cornu ammonis CA1 field of hippocampus EFO:0002454 FMA:74042 MA:0000950 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197 UBERON:0003881 cornu ammonis 1 hippocampus CA1 ncithesaurus:CA1_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis prosubiculum = distal ca1 regio i cornus ammonis regio i hippocampi proprii regio superior regio superior of the hippocampus region 1 of Ammon's horn region i of ammon's horn region i of hippocampus proper uberon FMA:74042 FMA:TA regio i cornus ammonis FMA:74042 FMA:TA regio i hippocampi proprii NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197 prosubiculum = distal ca1 FMA:74042 regio superior of the hippocampus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197 regio superior FMA:74042 region i of ammon's horn FMA:74042 region i of hippocampus proper NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197 cornu ammonis 1 CA2 field of hippocampus ABA:CA2 CA2 CA2 field CA2 field of Ammon's horn CA2 field of cornu ammonis CA2 field of hippocampus EFO:0002455 FMA:74044 MA:0000951 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1362 UBERON:0003882 hippocampus CA2 ncithesaurus:CA2_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis regio ii cornus ammonis regio ii hippocampi proprii region 2 of Ammon's horn region ii of ammon's horn region ii of hippocampus proper uberon FMA:74044 FMA:TA regio ii hippocampi proprii FMA:74044 FMA:TA regio ii cornus ammonis FMA:74044 region ii of hippocampus proper FMA:74044 region ii of ammon's horn CA3 field of hippocampus ABA:CA3 CA3 CA3 field CA3 field of Ammon's horn CA3 field of cornu ammonis CA3 field of hippocampus EFO:0002456 FMA:74045 MA:0000952 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1204 Region III of hippocampus proper is a portion of the hippocampal formation. Region CA3 receives input along the mossy fibers from granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and from projection cells in entorhinal cortex along the perforant path. The mossy fiber pathway terminates in stratum lucidum while the perforant path passes through stratum lacunosum and terminates in stratum moleculare. The inputs from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca terminate in stratum radiatum, along with commisural connections from the contralateral hippocampus. The pyramidal cells in CA3 (of which there are approximately 200,000 in each hemisphere in the rat) send some axons back to the hilus, but the majority project to regions CA2 and CA1 (a pathway called the Schaffer collaterals), in addition to a significant number of connections that terminate within CA3 (called recurrent connections). Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal or dorsal direction from the originating cells. CA3 also sends a small set of output fibers to the lateral septum. The region is conventionally divided into 3 divisions. CA3a is the part of the cell band which is most distal from the dentate (and closest to CA1). CA3b is the middle part of the band nearest to the fimbria/fornix connection. CA3c is the most proximal to the dentate, inserting into the hilus. The region overall has been considered to be the 'pacemaker' of the hippocampus. In CA3 much of the synchronous bursing activity associated with interictal epileptiform activity appears to be generated. The excitatory collateral interconnectivity appears to be the property of CA3 most responsible for this. CA3, unlike other regions, has pyramidal cell axon collaterals ramifying extensively with local region and making excitatory contacts with neighbors. CA3 has been implicated in a number of working theories on memory and learning hippocampal processes. Oscillatory rhythms (10-30Hz) are cholinergically driven patterns that depend on coupling of interneurons and pyramidal cell axons via gap junctions as well as glutaminergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) synapses. Sharp EEG waves seen here are also implicated in memory consolidation. UBERON:0003883 hippocampus CA3 ncithesaurus:CA3_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis regio hippocampi proprii III; regio III cornus ammonis; CA3 regio iii cornus ammonis regio iii hippocampi proprii regio inferior region 3 of Ammon's horn region iii of ammon's horn region iii of hippocampus proper uberon Wikipedia:Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper regio hippocampi proprii III; regio III cornus ammonis; CA3 FMA:74045 region iii of hippocampus proper FMA:74045 FMA:TA regio iii hippocampi proprii Region III of hippocampus proper is a portion of the hippocampal formation. Region CA3 receives input along the mossy fibers from granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and from projection cells in entorhinal cortex along the perforant path. The mossy fiber pathway terminates in stratum lucidum while the perforant path passes through stratum lacunosum and terminates in stratum moleculare. The inputs from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca terminate in stratum radiatum, along with commisural connections from the contralateral hippocampus. The pyramidal cells in CA3 (of which there are approximately 200,000 in each hemisphere in the rat) send some axons back to the hilus, but the majority project to regions CA2 and CA1 (a pathway called the Schaffer collaterals), in addition to a significant number of connections that terminate within CA3 (called recurrent connections). Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal or dorsal direction from the originating cells. CA3 also sends a small set of output fibers to the lateral septum. The region is conventionally divided into 3 divisions. CA3a is the part of the cell band which is most distal from the dentate (and closest to CA1). CA3b is the middle part of the band nearest to the fimbria/fornix connection. CA3c is the most proximal to the dentate, inserting into the hilus. The region overall has been considered to be the 'pacemaker' of the hippocampus. In CA3 much of the synchronous bursing activity associated with interictal epileptiform activity appears to be generated. The excitatory collateral interconnectivity appears to be the property of CA3 most responsible for this. CA3, unlike other regions, has pyramidal cell axon collaterals ramifying extensively with local region and making excitatory contacts with neighbors. CA3 has been implicated in a number of working theories on memory and learning hippocampal processes. Oscillatory rhythms (10-30Hz) are cholinergically driven patterns that depend on coupling of interneurons and pyramidal cell axons via gap junctions as well as glutaminergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) synapses. Sharp EEG waves seen here are also implicated in memory consolidation. Wikipedia:Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper FMA:74045 FMA:TA regio iii cornus ammonis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1204 regio inferior FMA:74045 region iii of ammon's horn CA4 field of hippocampus CA4 CA4 field CA4 field of Ammon's horn CA4 field of cornu ammonis EFO:0002457 FMA:75741 MA:0000953 UBERON:0003884 consider obsoleting. consider - CA3c, hilus hippocampus CA4 ncithesaurus:CA4_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis regio iv cornus ammonis regio iv hippocampi proprii region 4 of Ammon's horn region iv of ammon's horn region iv of hippocampus proper uberon FMA:75741 region iv of ammon's horn FMA:75741 region iv of hippocampus proper FMA:75741 FMA:TA regio iv cornus ammonis FMA:75741 FMA:TA regio iv hippocampi proprii mesometrium A mesentery that is part of a uterus [Obol]. FMA:19816 MA:0002931 SCTID:250172001 UBERON:0003885 mesentery of uterus uberon MA A mesentery that is part of a uterus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:19816 MA:0002931 http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html mesentery of uterus body cavity precursor UBERON:0003886 uberon intraembryonic coelom EHDAA:251 EMAPA:16088 In the development of the human embryo the intraembryonic coelom (or somatic coelom) is a portion of the conceptus forming in the mesoderm. During the second week of development, the lateral mesoderm splits into a dorsal somatic mesoderm (somatopleure) and a ventral splanchnic mesoderm (splanchnopleure). The resulting cavity between the somatopleure and splanchnopleure is called the intraembryonic coelom. This space will give rise to the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It briefly has a connection with the extraembryonic coelom[WP]. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. Todo: check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults UBERON:0003887 VHOG:0000316 ncithesaurus:Intraembryonic_Coelom somatic coelom uberon Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom somatic coelom Wikipedia In the development of the human embryo the intraembryonic coelom (or somatic coelom) is a portion of the conceptus forming in the mesoderm. During the second week of development, the lateral mesoderm splits into a dorsal somatic mesoderm (somatopleure) and a ventral splanchnic mesoderm (splanchnopleure). The resulting cavity between the somatopleure and splanchnopleure is called the intraembryonic coelom. This space will give rise to the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It briefly has a connection with the extraembryonic coelom[WP]. Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom extraembryonic coelom EHDAA2:0000246 EHDAA:146 EMAPA:16081 FMA:63943 SCTID:362843009 UBERON:0003888 VHOG:0001671 cavity between Heuser's membrane and the Trophoblast[WP]. chorion cavity chorionic cavity exocoelomic cavity extraembryonic celom extraembryonic coelomic cavity ncithesaurus:Extraembryonic_Coelom uberon FMA:63943 extraembryonic celom Wikipedia:Extraembryonic_coelom cavity between Heuser's membrane and the Trophoblast[WP]. EHDAA2:0000246 chorionic cavity VHOG:0001671 extraembryonic coelomic cavity EHDAA2:0000246 chorion cavity VHOG:0001671 exocoelomic cavity fallopian tube EFO:0000974 EV:0100112 FMA:18245 GAID:365 MA:0000385 MESH:A.05.360.319.114.373 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViVeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181463001 Two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction[WP]. Embryos have two pairs of ducts to let gametes out of the body; one pair (the Mullerian ducts) develops in females into the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, while the other pair (the Wolffian ducts) develops in males into the epididymis and vas deferens. UBERON:0003889 fallopian tubes galen:FallopianTube http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fallopian_tube#Homology http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg/200px-Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg.png mammalian oviduct ncithesaurus:Fallopian_Tube tuba uterina uberon uterine tube Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube tuba uterina http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3293337&group_id=36855&atid=440764 mammalian oviduct Two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction[WP]. Embryos have two pairs of ducts to let gametes out of the body; one pair (the Mullerian ducts) develops in females into the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, while the other pair (the Wolffian ducts) develops in males into the epididymis and vas deferens. Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube Mullerian duct AAO:0010141 Development notes: Sertoli cells secrete anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) inducing the demise of this duct EMAPA:27665 GAID:1309 MESH:A.16.254.570 Müllerian duct RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001399 SCTID:308802006 UBERON:0003890 UBERON:0005318 VHOG:0001199 XAO:0000330 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray1109.png/200px-Gray1109.png ncithesaurus:Mullerian_Duct paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]. paramesonephric duct uberon EMAPA:27665 paramesonephric duct GO:0061205 Wikipedia:Paramesonephric_duct http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio/courses/bio205/bio205_26_sex.html paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]. stroma FMA:81494 UBERON:0003891 connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. ncithesaurus:Stroma_Connective_Tissue uberon Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary_%28animal_tissue%29 connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. capsule EHDAA:4739 EHDAA:9061 FMA:85272 UBERON:0003893 a cover or envelope partly or wholly surrounding a structure. Examples: egg shell, articular capsules, renal capsules[WP]. galen:Capsule see also: protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi. Note that FMA has classes such as Articular capsule that are not subtypes of Capsule (which is undefined in FMA). GO has 'capsule' which is a fungal structure, and 'external encapsulating structure' which is restricted to cells uberon Wikipedia:Capsule_(anatomy) a cover or envelope partly or wholly surrounding a structure. Examples: egg shell, articular capsules, renal capsules[WP]. liver primordium A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. AAO:0011058 EFO:0003428 EHDAA2:0000744 EHDAA:973 EMAPA:16847 TAO:0000124 Todo - check hepatic plate; check syns UBERON:0003894 XAO:0003266 ZFA:0000124 embryological hepatic plate hepatic plate liver bud ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Cord ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver primordium of the liver uberon A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. ISBN:3211492755 XAO UBERON:cjm embryological hepatic plate ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver primordium of the liver XAO:0003266 ZFA:0000124 liver bud EHDAA2:0000744 hepatic plate XAO EHDAA2:0000572 hypaxial myotome region Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum TAO:0001085 UBERON:0003895 ZFA:0001085 body wall muscle hypaxial myotome region uberon XAO:0003228 body wall muscle ZFA:0001085 hypaxial myotome region ISBN10:0073040584 Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum muscle of body wall A muscle organ that is part of a body wall [Obol]. ANISEED:1235296 BTO:0001863 TODO - check trunk vs wall of trunk. Check hypaxial myotome region Trunk wall muscle organ UBERON:0003896 Wall of trunk muscle organ body wall muscle body wall muscle organ muscle organ of Trunk wall muscle organ of Wall of trunk muscle organ of body wall uberon wall muscle A muscle organ that is part of a body wall [Obol]. OBOL:automatic BTO:0001863 wall muscle OBOL:automatic muscle organ of Trunk wall OBOL:automatic muscle organ of Wall of trunk OBOL:automatic Trunk wall muscle organ OBOL:automatic Wall of trunk muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of body wall OBOL:automatic body wall muscle organ axial muscle A skeletal muscle of the trunk or head. EHDAA2:0000159 EHDAA:5982 EMAPA:18166 EMAPA:18167 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160 UBERON:0003897 uberon skeletal muscle of trunk A skeletal muscle of the trunk. SCTID:244848007 UBERON:0003898 skeletal muscle of torso skeletal muscle tissue of torso skeletal muscle tissue of trunk torso skeletal muscle torso skeletal muscle tissue trunk skeletal muscle trunk skeletal muscle tissue uberon OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of torso OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of torso OBOL:automatic torso skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic torso skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic trunk skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic trunk skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of head A skeletal muscle of the head. SCTID:244718003 UBERON:0003899 adult head skeletal muscle adult head skeletal muscle tissue head skeletal muscle head skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of adult head skeletal muscle tissue of adult head skeletal muscle tissue of head uberon OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of head OBOL:automatic head skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic head skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic adult head skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of adult head OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of adult head OBOL:automatic adult head skeletal muscle epaxial myotome region Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum TAO:0001084 UBERON:0003900 ZFA:0001084 epaxial myotome regions uberon ZFA:0001084 epaxial myotome regions ISBN10:0073040584 Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum horizontal septum A logitudinal sheet of continuous connective tissue partition developing at the apex of the chevron-shaped myotome and separating dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) body wall muscle masses; each is destined to become, respectively, the epaxial and hyopaxial musculature. EFO:0003555 TAO:0000671 UBERON:0003901 ZFA:0000671 horizontal myoseptum uberon A logitudinal sheet of continuous connective tissue partition developing at the apex of the chevron-shaped myotome and separating dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) body wall muscle masses; each is destined to become, respectively, the epaxial and hyopaxial musculature. ISBN10:0073040584 ZFA:0000671 ZFA:0000671 horizontal myoseptum retinal neural layer AAO:0011095 BTO:0000929 EHDAA2:0001253 EHDAA:4763 EMAPA:17171 EMAPA:18590 FMA:58628 MA:0000277 TAO:0000046 The layer of nerve cells in the retina[XAO]. The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. UBERON:0003902 VHOG:0000535 XAO:0003216 ZFA:0000046 editor note - we follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers; the neural layers are further divided into 9 layers. Note that in MA this class is a leaf node. ncithesaurus:Neural_Retina neural layer of retina neural retina neural retinal epithelium neuroretina stratum nervosum (retina) uberon GO:0003407 The layer of nerve cells in the retina[XAO]. The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. XAO:0003216 MA:000027 neural retinal epithelium FMA:58628 neural layer of retina XAO:0003216 ZFA:0000046 neural retina ZFA:0000046 neuroretina FMA:58628 stratum nervosum (retina) bursa of Fabricius BTO:0001699 GAID:1205 MESH:A.13.163 UBERON:0003903 an epithelial and lymphoid organ that develops as a dorsal diverticulum of the proctadael region of the cloaca in birds. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]. The bursa is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation[GO]. uberon GO:0048540 Wikipedia:Bursa_of_Fabricius an epithelial and lymphoid organ that develops as a dorsal diverticulum of the proctadael region of the cloaca in birds. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]. The bursa is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation[GO]. bursal plica Follicle containing part of bursa of Fabricius. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]. UBERON:0003904 bursal fold uberon Follicle containing part of bursa of Fabricius. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]. GOC:cjm bursal follicle Follicle within the plicae of bursa of Fabricius. UBERON:0003905 uberon Follicle within the plicae of bursa of Fabricius. GOC:cjm cardiac jelly EHDAA:1271 EHDAA:1279 EHDAA:1922 EHDAA:1930 EHDAA:426 EHDAA:442 EHDAA:450 EHDAA:458 EHDAA:466 EHDAA:474 EHDAA:772 EHDAA:780 EHDAA:788 EHDAA:800 EHDAA:808 Portion of extracellular matrix between the myocardium and the endocardium. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000212 TAO:0001318 UBERON:0003906 VHOG:0000936 XAO:0004120 ZFA:0001318 ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Jelly uberon Portion of extracellular matrix between the myocardium and the endocardium. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates. ZFA:0001318 left atrioventricular canal EHDAA2:0000935 EHDAA:5336 FMA:71123 UBERON:0003907 uberon right atrioventricular canal EHDAA2:0001719 EHDAA:5338 FMA:71122 UBERON:0003908 uberon sinusoid FMA:63131 TAO:0005261 UBERON:0003909 ZFA:0005261 sinusoidal blood vessel sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. the WP def seems to fit FMA:63198 discontinuous sinusoid (undefined). ZFA has ZFA:0005261 sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium - but not sinusoidal blood vessel uberon Wikipedia:Sinusoid_(blood_vessel) small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. ZFA:0005261 sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium splenic sinusoid FMA:63199 SCTID:9081000 Taxon notes: Whereas man and the rat are in the "sinusal" group, the mouse belongs in the "nonsinusal" group. The red pulp of spleens of rat, dog, man, and many other mammals contains an elaborate plexus of sinuses; that of mouse, cat, pig and others has no true sinuses and relatively few veins leading from the meshes into collecting veins - http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml UBERON:0003910 sinusoidal blood vessel of spleen uberon wide vessels in the spleen that drain into trabecular veins[WP]. OBOL:automatic sinusoidal blood vessel of spleen Wikipedia:Red_pulp#Sinusoids wide vessels in the spleen that drain into trabecular veins[WP]. choroid plexus epithelium An epithelium that is part of a choroid plexus [Obol]. FMA:242811 MA:0000824 UBERON:0003911 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium choroid plexus epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of choroid plexus epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of choroid plexus ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere An epithelium that is part of a choroid plexus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere chitinous tooth UBERON:0003912 tooth-like structure composed of chitin. uberon tooth-like structure HAO:0001019 UBERON:0003913 hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. see dermal denticle tooth-like organ uberon GOC:cjm tooth-like organ GOC:cjm hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. epithelial tube AEO:0000114 EHDAA2:0003114 Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. FBbt:00007474 UBERON:0003914 uberon Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. GO:0060562 PMID:12526790 endothelial tube Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Obol]. UBERON:0003915 uberon Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Obol]. OBOL:automatic fat pad AAO:0000157 BTO:0000444 FMA says isa organ FMA:58616 MA:0002481 UBERON:0003916 XAO:0003050 an accumulation of adipose tissue[GO]. An accumulation of adipose tissue (fat cells) enclosed in fibrous tissue[BTO]. fat body uberon FMA:58616 fat body BTO:0000444 GO:0060613 an accumulation of adipose tissue[GO]. An accumulation of adipose tissue (fat cells) enclosed in fibrous tissue[BTO]. arthropod fat body BTO:0000442 FBbt:00001704 FBbt:00005066 GAID:1213 MESH:A.13.365 MIAA:0000096 TADS:0000321 TGMA:0001856 UBERON:0003917 an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism. fat body uberon GO:0007503 an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism. FBbt:00005066 fat body kidney mesenchyme Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. UBERON:0003918 check this mesenchyme of kidney uberon GO:0072074 Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. mesenchyme of adult kidney UBERON:0003919 true uberon venous blood vessel FMA:86188 MA:0000066 UBERON:0003920 segment of venous tree organ uberon venous tree organ segment FMA:86188 segment of venous tree organ FMA:86188 venous tree organ segment pancreas primordium AO notes: in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds. Terminology notes: revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud' EFO:0003434 EHDAA2:0001382 EHDAA:2163 EMAPA:17066 FMA:79792 TAO:0000254 UBERON:0003921 XAO:0001101 ZFA:0000254 embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png pancreatic anlage pancreatic primordium primordial pancreas uberon EHDAA2 FMA:79792 primordial pancreas embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas#Embryological_development Wikipedia pancreatic bud EFO:0003470 SCTID:360398004 TAO:0001390 The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. In humans, an embryonic structure that is an outgrowth of the duodenum during embryogenesis - joins together to form the adult pancreas[WP]. UBERON:0003922 ZFA:0001390 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Suckale08FBS_fig1_pancreas_development.jpeg/300px-Suckale08FBS_fig1_pancreas_development.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Bud pancreatic anlage uberon EHDAA2 PMID:16417468 The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. In humans, an embryonic structure that is an outgrowth of the duodenum during embryogenesis - joins together to form the adult pancreas[WP]. Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Pancreas#Embryological_development Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud zebrafish EHDAA2-inferred dorsal pancreatic bud AAO:0011031 EFO:0003465 EHDAA2:0001385 EMAPA:17067 SCTID:361435005 TAO:0001370 UBERON:0003923 VHOG:0001428 XAO:0000467 ZFA:0001370 dorsal pancreatic anlage http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud pancreas primordium dorsal bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. posterior pancreatic anlage posterior pancreatic bud uberon EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. XAO EHDAA2:0001385 pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud ventral pancreatic bud AAO:0011111 Development notes: the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship. // The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP] EFO:0003464 EHDAA2:0001389 EMAPA:17256 SCTID:361437002 TAO:0001369 UBERON:0003924 VHOG:0001429 XAO:0001103 ZFA:0001369 anterior pancreatic anlage anterior pancreatic bud http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png pancreas primordium ventral bud pancreas ventral primordium duct bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. uberon ventral pancreatic anlage EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0001389 pancreas ventral primordium duct bud Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. PMID:16417468 WP photoreceptor inner segment layer MA:0002471 TAO:0001465 UBERON:0003925 VHOG:0001172 ZFA:0001465 retina photoreceptor layer inner segment uberon MA:0002471 retina photoreceptor layer inner segment photoreceptor outer segment layer MA:0002472 TAO:0001466 UBERON:0003926 VHOG:0001173 ZFA:0001466 retina photoreceptor layer outer segment uberon MA:0002472 retina photoreceptor layer outer segment macula lagena This term was obsoleted as it was previously defined midleadingly as 'A macula that is part of a cochlea'. UBERON:0003927 true uberon This term was obsoleted as it was previously defined midleadingly as 'A macula that is part of a cochlea'. UBERON:cjm digestive system duct A duct that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. TAO:0005162 UBERON:0003928 ZFA:0005162 duct of digestive system duct of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system duct uberon OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system duct OBOL:automatic duct of digestive system A duct that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic duct of gastrointestinal system gut epithelium An epithelium that is part of a digestive tract [Obol]. BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 TAO:0005123 UBERON:0003929 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 digestive tract epithelial tissue digestive tract epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelial tissue of lower gastrointestinal tract epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut epithelium of lower gastrointestinal tract gut epithelial tissue lower gastrointestinal tract epithelial tissue lower gastrointestinal tract epithelium ncithesaurus:Gut_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic digestive tract epithelium OBOL:automatic gut epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lower gastrointestinal tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a digestive tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of digestive tract OBOL:automatic digestive tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lower gastrointestinal tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of lower gastrointestinal tract OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gut OBOL:automatic epithelium of digestive tract OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower gastrointestinal tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of gut atrioventricular canal endocardium AV canal endocardium An endocardium that is part of an atrioventricular canal [Obol]. TAO:0002170 UBERON:0003930 XAO:0004124 ZFA:0001616 endocardium of AV canal endocardium of atrioventricular canal uberon OBOL:automatic endocardium of AV canal AV canal endocardium OBOL:automatic An endocardium that is part of an atrioventricular canal [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic endocardium of atrioventricular canal diencephalic white matter A white matter of neuraxis that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. FMA:83931 TAO:0000338 UBERON:0003931 ZFA:0000338 diencephalic tract/commissure uberon A white matter of neuraxis that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic ZFA:0000338 diencephalic tract/commissure chondrocranium cartilage A cartilage that is part of a chondrocranium [Obol]. EFO:0003690 TAO:0001461 UBERON:0003932 ZFA:0001461 cartilage of chondrocranium neurocranium cartilage uberon ZFA:0001461 neurocranium cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of chondrocranium A cartilage that is part of a chondrocranium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cranial cartilage A cartilage that is part of a cranium [Obol]. TAO:0001458 UBERON:0003933 ZFA:0001458 cartilage of cranium cranium cartilage uberon OBOL:automatic cartilage of cranium A cartilage that is part of a cranium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cranium cartilage mesenchyme pectoral fin A mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral fin [Obol]. EFO:0003604 TAO:0001000 UBERON:0003934 ZFA:0001000 mesenchyme of pectoral fin pectoral fin mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral fin [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pectoral fin mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of pectoral fin mesenchyme pelvic fin A mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic fin [Obol]. TAO:0001449 UBERON:0003935 ZFA:0001449 mesenchyme of pelvic fin pelvic fin mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic fin [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pelvic fin mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of pelvic fin postoptic commissure EFO:0003478 POC TAO:0000059 UBERON:0003936 ZFA:0000059 post optic commissure post-optic commissure uberon POC ZFA:0000059 ZFA:0000059 post optic commissure ZFA:0000059 post-optic commissure sex gland MA:0001751 UBERON:0003937 any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction genitalia gland gland of genitalia gland of reproductive system reproductive gland reproductive system gland uberon MA:0001751 reproductive gland OBOL:automatic reproductive system gland MP:0000653 any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction OBOL:automatic gland of genitalia OBOL:automatic genitalia gland OBOL:automatic gland of reproductive system sensory dissociation area UBERON:0003938 the area of the parietal lobe that integrates tactile and visual stimuli uberon MP:0000796 the area of the parietal lobe that integrates tactile and visual stimuli transverse gyrus of Heschl UBERON:0003939 gyri temporales transversi the area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing[MP]. The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl. uberon MP:0000803 Wikipedia:Transverse_temporal_gyrus the area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing[MP]. The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl. Wikipedia:Transverse_temporal_gyrus gyri temporales transversi cerebellum anterior vermis FMA:72255 MA:0002969 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1185 UBERON:0003941 anterior cerebellum vermis anterior vermis of cerebellum part of vermal region the anterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located anterior to the primary fissure uberon vermis of anterior lobe vermis of anterior lobe of cerebellum FMA:72255 anterior vermis of cerebellum MA:0002969 anterior cerebellum vermis FMA:72255 vermis of anterior lobe of cerebellum FMA:72255 vermis of anterior lobe FMA:72255 part of vermal region MP:0000867 the anterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located anterior to the primary fissure somatic sensory system TODO - check UBERON:0003942 the neural tissue involved in the transmission of sensory signals uberon MP:0000959 the neural tissue involved in the transmission of sensory signals fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25167 FMA:6338 L4 dorsal root ganglion NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2626 UBERON:0003943 forth lumbar dorsal root ganglion fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion fourth lumbar spinal ganglion the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra uberon L4 dorsal root ganglion MP:0001019 UBERON:cjm fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion FMA:6338 fourth lumbar spinal ganglion MP:0001019 the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2626 forth lumbar dorsal root ganglion FMA somatic motor system UBERON:0003945 the neural tissue involved in the transmission of motor signals uberon MP:0001051 the neural tissue involved in the transmission of motor signals placenta labyrinth Taxon notes: Mouse-human differences: The mouse and human placentas have labyrinthine and villous types of interdigitation between maternal and fetal tissues, respectively ... The mouse placental labyrinth is composed of an intricate network of maternal blood spaces and embryonal blood vessels. Maternal and embryonal blood is separated by a placental barrier that consists of four cellular layers: layer I trophoblasts line the maternal lacunae, trophoblasts in layers II and III form syncytial-like layers, and endothelial cells line the embryonic vessels[doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8138 ]. See also: http://placentation.ucsd.edu/placenta.html UBERON:0003946 labyrinthine layer labyrinthine layer of placenta placental labyrinth the placental layers where embryonic blood vessels are surrounded by trophoblast cells and maternal blood uberon GO:0060713 labyrinthine layer MP:0001716 the placental layers where embryonic blood vessels are surrounded by trophoblast cells and maternal blood GO:0060713 labyrinthine layer of placenta brain ventricle/choroid plexus TODO - check relationship between CP and BV. If this is part of then this class should be obsoleted UBERON:0003947 the brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses uberon MP:0002200 the brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses blood-air barrier MESH:A.04.411.715.025 TODO - alveolar lumen UBERON:0003948 the membrane between the capillary blood and alveolar air, comprised of the alveolar epithelium and the capillary epithelium and their adherent basement membranes and epithelial cell cytoplasm uberon MP:0002324 the membrane between the capillary blood and alveolar air, comprised of the alveolar epithelium and the capillary epithelium and their adherent basement membranes and epithelial cell cytoplasm tubal tonsil FMA:54975 Gerlach's tonsil Gerlach's tubal tonsil SCTID:143319002 UBERON:0003949 auditory tube lymph gland eustachian amygdala the lymph tissue associated with the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube uberon FMA:54975 eustachian amygdala FMA:54975 Gerlach's tubal tonsil MP:0002386 the lymph tissue associated with the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube FMA:54975 auditory tube lymph gland FMA:54975 Gerlach's tonsil inner ear canal UBERON:0003950 the tubular ducts of the inner ear uberon MP:0002729 the tubular ducts of the inner ear ocular fundus GAID:908 MESH:A.09.371.729.313 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000583 SCTID:362519003 TODO - check relationships UBERON:0003951 eye fundus fundus fundus oculi fundus of eye galen:FundusOculi ncithesaurus:Fundus the posterior concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the posterior segment of the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, visible by an ophthalmoscope uberon HP:0001098 fundus MP:0002864 Wikipedia:Fundus_(eye) the posterior concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the posterior segment of the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, visible by an ophthalmoscope anterior stroma UBERON:0003952 the anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea uberon MP:0003093 the anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea posterior stroma UBERON:0003953 the posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea uberon MP:0003094 the posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea squamo-parietal suture EMAPA:19228 UBERON:0003954 squamoparietal suture squamoparietal suture of skull the articulation of the squamous portion of the temporal bones with the parietal bones uberon MP:0003844 the articulation of the squamous portion of the temporal bones with the parietal bones molar crown FMA:85301 UBERON:0003955 crown of molar tooth molar tooth crown molar tooth tooth crown the part of a molar that is covered by enamel tooth crown of molar tooth uberon MP:0003932 the part of a molar that is covered by enamel OBOL:automatic tooth crown of molar tooth FMA:85301 crown of molar tooth OBOL:automatic molar tooth tooth crown FMA:85301 molar tooth crown aqueous drainage system UBERON:0003956 the structures associated with drainage of the aqueous humor from the eye, that include the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, the uveoscleral network, and the aqueous veins uberon MP:0005198 the structures associated with drainage of the aqueous humor from the eye, that include the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, the uveoscleral network, and the aqueous veins Bruch's membrane A transparent, nearly structureless innermost layer of the choroid in contact with the pigmented layer of the retina. Bruch's membrane consists of five layers (from inside to outside): 1. the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium; 2. the inner collagenous zone; 3. a central band of elastic fibers; 4. the outer collagenous zone; 5. the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris. The retinal pigment epithelium transports metabolic waste from the photoreceptors across Bruch's membrane to the choroid. Bruch membrane Bruch's basal membrane FMA:58438 GAID:914 MESH:A.09.371.894.223.250 SCTID:280652000 TODO - check FMA UBERON:0003957 ZFA:0005562 basal lamina of choroid lamina basalis (choroid) lamina basilis uberon FMA:58438 lamina basalis (choroid) FMA:58438 lamina basilis A transparent, nearly structureless innermost layer of the choroid in contact with the pigmented layer of the retina. Bruch's membrane consists of five layers (from inside to outside): 1. the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium; 2. the inner collagenous zone; 3. a central band of elastic fibers; 4. the outer collagenous zone; 5. the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris. The retinal pigment epithelium transports metabolic waste from the photoreceptors across Bruch's membrane to the choroid. MP:0005239 Wikipedia:Bruch's_membrane FMA:58438 basal lamina of choroid Bruch membrane GAID:914 Bruch's basal membrane FMA:58438 long bone epiphyseal ossification zone The layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited UBERON:0003958 uberon MP:0006399 The layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited rete testis EMAPA:18332 Editors note: add more specific classification e.g. anastomosing network - consider FMA:3726 FMA:19834 GAID:399 Haller's rete MESH:A.05.360.444.849.600 SCTID:279617009 UBERON:0003959 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg/200px-Hodenschema.svg.png ncithesaurus:Rete_Testis the network of canals at the termination of the straight tubules in the mediastinum testis[MP]. Rete testis is an anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia[WP]. uberon MP:0006416 Wikipedia:Rete_testis the network of canals at the termination of the straight tubules in the mediastinum testis[MP]. Rete testis is an anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia[WP]. Wikipedia FMA:19834 Haller's rete styloid process of temporal bone Disease notes: Eagle's syndrome FMA:52877 SCTID:138874009 UBERON:0003960 processus styloideus ossis temporalis processus styloideus ossis temporalis slender needle-like pointed projection that runs downward and slightly forward from the base of the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone where it joins the tympanic portion; it gives attachment to the styloglossus, stylohyoid, and stylopharyngeus muscles and the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments styloid process styloid process of petrous part of temporal bone temporal styloid process uberon Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process temporal styloid process Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process processus styloideus ossis temporalis Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process processus styloideus ossis temporalis MP:0008023 Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process slender needle-like pointed projection that runs downward and slightly forward from the base of the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone where it joins the tympanic portion; it gives attachment to the styloglossus, stylohyoid, and stylopharyngeus muscles and the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments FMA:52877 styloid process of petrous part of temporal bone MP-implied-by-def FMA:52877 styloid process cingulum SCTID:369084007 UBERON:0003961 the white matter fiber bundle that projects from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex in the brain uberon MP:0008232 the white matter fiber bundle that projects from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex in the brain pterygopalatine ganglion EHDAA2:0001889 FMA:6965 Meckel ganglion Meckel's ganglion UBERON:0003962 g. pterygopalatinum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray779.png/200px-Gray779.png nasal ganglion palatine ganglion pterygopalatine ganglia sphenopalatine ganglion sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion the small parasympathetic ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands uberon definitional MP:0008314 palatine ganglion MP:0008314 nasal ganglion EHDAA2:0001889 sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion MP:0008314 Wikipedia:Pterygopalatine_ganglion the small parasympathetic ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands MP:0008314 pterygopalatine ganglia Wikipedia:Pterygopalatine_ganglion g. pterygopalatinum MP:0008314 sphenopalatine ganglion MP:0008314 Meckel ganglion FMA:6965 Meckel's ganglion otic ganglion EHDAA2:0001335 EHDAA:6706 FMA:6967 SCTID:279283005 UBERON:0003963 arnold's ganglion ganglion oticum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray783.png/200px-Gray783.png the ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the parotid gland uberon Wikipedia:Otic_ganglion ganglion oticum MP:0008315 Wikipedia:Otic_ganglion the ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the parotid gland FMA:6967 arnold's ganglion prevertebral ganglion FMA:5892 UBERON:0003964 collateral ganglion previsceral ganglion the sympathetic ganglia located in front of the vertebral column and are associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta; these include the celiac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia uberon FMA:5892 previsceral ganglion MP:0008316 the sympathetic ganglia located in front of the vertebral column and are associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta; these include the celiac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia FMA:5892 collateral ganglion sympathetic afferent fiber UBERON:0003965 the fibers that conduct sensory nerve impulses from the viscera through the posterior dorsal roots into the spinal cord uberon MP:0008319 the fibers that conduct sensory nerve impulses from the viscera through the posterior dorsal roots into the spinal cord gonial bone Editors note: To be revisted after a review of auditory ossicles UBERON:0003966 gonium investing bone that lies on the surface of the malleus. uberon MP:0008380 gonium MP:0008380 investing bone that lies on the surface of the malleus. cutaneous elastic fiber UBERON:0003967 the slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity uberon MP:0008418 the slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity peripheral lymph node UBERON:0003968 the lymph nodes located outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes uberon MP:0008463 the lymph nodes located outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes placental labyrinth vasculature UBERON:0003970 blood vessels of the layer of the placenta where embryonic and maternal blood vessels interdigitate placenta vascular network placenta vasculature uberon vascular network of placenta vasculature of placenta OBOL:automatic vasculature of placenta OBOL:automatic placenta vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of placenta OBOL:automatic placenta vasculature MP:0008803 blood vessels of the layer of the placenta where embryonic and maternal blood vessels interdigitate interfrontal bone UBERON:0003971 a bone between the frontal bones in the skull; an extra bony plate within the anterior fontanelle that is not usually present uberon MP:0008818 a bone between the frontal bones in the skull; an extra bony plate within the anterior fontanelle that is not usually present placenta junctional zone Fetally derived placental region that separates the maternal uterine tissue from the placenta labyrinth UBERON:0003972 uberon Fetally derived placental region that separates the maternal uterine tissue from the placenta labyrinth MP:0008957 nasal concha of ethmoid bone FMA:57456 Note that FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals UBERON:0003973 ethmo-turbinate ethmoturbinate nasal turbinate of ethmoid bone turbinate of ethmoid bone uberon MP:0008971 ethmoturbinate ISBN10:1588903958 MP:0008971 One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals cranial vagina Editor notes: relationship to caudal Mullerian duct? SCTID:362247003 UBERON:0003974 the upper third of the vagina. uberon upper third of vagina MP:0009077 the upper third of the vagina. internal female genitalia BTO:0003099 FMA:45654 SCTID:303518005 UBERON:0003975 female internal genitalia internal female genital organ internal genitalia of female reproductive system organa genitalia feminina interna the internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. uberon BTO:0003099 internal female genital organ BTO:0003099 organa genitalia feminina interna FMA:45654 female internal genitalia MP:0009209 the internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. OBOL:automatic internal genitalia of female reproductive system saccule duct UBERON:0003976 the saccular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the sacculus to the endolymphatic duct uberon MP:0009259 the saccular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the sacculus to the endolymphatic duct utricle duct UBERON:0003977 the utricular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the utriculus to the endolymphatic duct uberon MP:0009260 the utricular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the utriculus to the endolymphatic duct valve EHDAA2:0004046 EHDAA:1892 EHDAA:4406 FMA:67611 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqiwE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003978 anatomical valve galen:Valve uberon FMA:67611 anatomical valve utricle valve UBERON:0003979 the utriculo-endolymphatic (UE) valve which is located in the antero-inferior wall of the utricle at the orifice of the utricular duct and serves to regulate endolymph volume in the endolymphatic sac, the utricle and the canals uberon MP:0009261 the utriculo-endolymphatic (UE) valve which is located in the antero-inferior wall of the utricle at the orifice of the utricular duct and serves to regulate endolymph volume in the endolymphatic sac, the utricle and the canals cerebellum fissure FMA:77789 SCTID:314163001 UBERON:0003980 fissurae cerebelli the deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum, including the postcentral, primary and secondary furrows uberon we use the FMA set-of term in absence of a singular term FMA:77789 FMA:TA fissurae cerebelli MP:0009267 the deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum, including the postcentral, primary and secondary furrows primordial ovarian follicle EMAPA:30755 MA:0001710 UBERON:0003981 ncithesaurus:Primordial_Follicle ovary primordial follicle primordial follicle primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye and develop to primary, secondary, and finally mature vesicular follicles uberon MA:0001710 ovary primordial follicle MP:0009361 primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye and develop to primary, secondary, and finally mature vesicular follicles mature ovarian follicle . BTO:0000389 EFO:0003653 MA:0001709 TAO:0001264 UBERON:0003982 ZFA:0001264 antral follicle folliculi ovarici vesiculosi ovarian follicle stage IV ovary mature follicle preovulatory follicle uberon MA:0001709 ovary mature follicle . MP:0009364 ZFA:0001264 ovarian follicle stage IV BTO:0000389 folliculi ovarici vesiculosi BTO:0000389 antral follicle BTO:0000389 preovulatory follicle conus arteriosus AAO:0010250 Terminology notes: we use the term CA for the anterior chamber if it is composed of cardiac muscle, contractile, and contains conal valves internally[Kardong] Taxon notes: Kardong says absent in adult tetrapods, check AAO UBERON:0003983 a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary artery arises[WP]. the anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminates in the pulmonary trunk[MP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png uberon MP:0009464 Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary artery arises[WP]. the anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminates in the pulmonary trunk[MP]. uterine tube infundibulum EMAPA:29897 FMA:18307 SCTID:362262001 UBERON:0003984 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg infundibulum of fallopian tube infundibulum of oviduct infundibulum of uterine tube infundibulum tubae uterinae the funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube uberon FMA:18307 infundibulum of fallopian tube MP:0009466 Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube the funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube FMA:18307 infundibulum of uterine tube Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube infundibulum tubae uterinae FMA:18307 infundibulum of oviduct major sublingual duct BTO:0004558 Bartholin's duct FMA:59986 SCTID:25237008 UBERON:0003985 the duct that drains the anterior portion of the sublingual gland and opens at the sublingual papilla uberon Bartholin's duct FMA:59986 MP:0009528 the duct that drains the anterior portion of the sublingual gland and opens at the sublingual papilla minor sublingual duct FMA:59987 UBERON:0003986 the 8-20 small ducts that open into the mouth on the surface of the sublingual fold uberon MP:0009529 the 8-20 small ducts that open into the mouth on the surface of the sublingual fold Hassall's corpuscle MA:0000772 SCTID:34223001 UBERON:0003987 ncithesaurus:Hassall_s_Corpuscle the small spherical bodies of epithelial cells found in the medulla of the thymus, that are arranged in a concentric pattern around clusters of degenerating lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages uberon MP:0009539 the small spherical bodies of epithelial cells found in the medulla of the thymus, that are arranged in a concentric pattern around clusters of degenerating lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages thymus corticomedullary boundary UBERON:0003988 the dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells uberon MP:0009543 the dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells medulla oblongata anterior median fissure FMA:83734 SCTID:279288001 UBERON:0003989 anterior median fissure anterior median fissure of medulla anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata fissura mediana anterior medullae oblongatae the longitudinal groove in the midline of the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata uberon ventral median fissure of medulla ventral median sulcus FMA:83734 anterior median fissure of medulla FMA:83734 FMA:TA fissura mediana anterior medullae oblongatae FMA:83734 anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata FMA:83734 ventral median fissure of medulla FMA:83734 anterior median fissure FMA:83734 ventral median sulcus MP:0009680 the longitudinal groove in the midline of the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata spinal cord motor column UBERON:0003990 the subclasses of motor neurons which are organized into longitudinally oriented columns that occupy distinct and, in some cases, discontinuous domains along the rostrocaudal axis of the spinal cord; motor neurons within a single column send their axons to a common peripheral target uberon MP:0009685 the subclasses of motor neurons which are organized into longitudinally oriented columns that occupy distinct and, in some cases, discontinuous domains along the rostrocaudal axis of the spinal cord; motor neurons within a single column send their axons to a common peripheral target fourth ventricle median aperture FMA:75015 MA:0002947 SCTID:279449001 UBERON:0003991 apertura mediana ventriculi quarti arachnoid forament foramen of Magendie foramen of Majendie fourth ventricle median aperture http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gray708.svg/200px-Gray708.svg.png median aperture median aperture of fourth ventricle ncithesaurus:Foramen_of_Magendie the large midline opening of the posterior inferior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle that connects the fourth ventricle to the posterior cerebromedullary cistern and the spinal cord uberon MP:0009802 Wikipedia:Median_aperture the large midline opening of the posterior inferior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle that connects the fourth ventricle to the posterior cerebromedullary cistern and the spinal cord FMA:75015 foramen of Magendie MA:0002947 arachnoid forament MA:0002947 fourth ventricle median aperture Wikipedia:Median_aperture apertura mediana ventriculi quarti MP:0009802 median aperture FMA:75015 median aperture of fourth ventricle FMA:75015 foramen of Majendie fourth ventricle lateral aperture FMA:78473 MA:0002946 SCTID:63426007 The lateral aperture is a paired structure in human anatomy. It is an opening in each lateral extremity of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle of the human brain. Along with the single median aperture, the two lateral aperatures provide a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain's ventricular system into the subarachnoid space[WP]. the two lateral openings of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space at the cerebellopontine angle[MP]. UBERON:0003992 apertura lateralis apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti foramen of Key-Retzius foramen of Luschka foramen of Retzius foramen of key and retzius forament of Luschka lateral aperture lateral aperture of fourth ventricle ncithesaurus:Foramen_of_Luschka uberon FMA:78473 lateral aperture of fourth ventricle FMA:78473 foramen of Key-Retzius Wikipedia:Lateral_aperture apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti MP:0009803 The lateral aperture is a paired structure in human anatomy. It is an opening in each lateral extremity of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle of the human brain. Along with the single median aperture, the two lateral aperatures provide a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain's ventricular system into the subarachnoid space[WP]. the two lateral openings of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space at the cerebellopontine angle[MP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_aperture FMA:78473 foramen of Retzius FMA:78473 foramen of key and retzius MP:0009803 lateral aperture FMA:78473 FMA:TA apertura lateralis FMA:78473 foramen of Luschka MA:0002946 forament of Luschka interventricular foramen FMA:75351 SCTID:279248006 UBERON:0003993 ncithesaurus:Interventricular_Foramen the paired channels that connect the lateral and third ventricles and allows cerebrospinal fluid produced in the lateral ventricles to flow into the third ventricles uberon MP:0009804 the paired channels that connect the lateral and third ventricles and allows cerebrospinal fluid produced in the lateral ventricles to flow into the third ventricles pelvic ligament MA:0002948 UBERON:0003994 pelvis ligament the dorsal sacroiliac, the sacrotuberal and/or the iliolumbar ligaments associated with the bony ring formed by the pair of hip bones fused at the symphysis and their firm articulation with the sacrum uberon MA:0002948 pelvis ligament MP:0009807 the dorsal sacroiliac, the sacrotuberal and/or the iliolumbar ligaments associated with the bony ring formed by the pair of hip bones fused at the symphysis and their firm articulation with the sacrum subarcuate fossa FMA:56418 UBERON:0003995 the irregular depression found on the posterior inner surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus[MP]. In the temporal bone, above and between the aquæductus vestibuli is an irregular depression which lodges a process of the dura mater and transmits a small vein and the subarcuate artery[1] a branch of the internal auditory artery, which is an end artery that supplies blood to the inner ear ; in the infant this depression is represented by a large fossa, the subarcuate fossa, which extends backward as a blind tunnel under the superior semicircular canal. It is extensive in most primates (except for great apes) and nearly all mammals. In these animals, the subarcuate fossa houses a part of the cerebellum, the petrosal lobe[WP]. uberon MP:0009822 the irregular depression found on the posterior inner surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus[MP]. In the temporal bone, above and between the aquæductus vestibuli is an irregular depression which lodges a process of the dura mater and transmits a small vein and the subarcuate artery[1] a branch of the internal auditory artery, which is an end artery that supplies blood to the inner ear ; in the infant this depression is represented by a large fossa, the subarcuate fossa, which extends backward as a blind tunnel under the superior semicircular canal. It is extensive in most primates (except for great apes) and nearly all mammals. In these animals, the subarcuate fossa houses a part of the cerebellum, the petrosal lobe[WP]. arcus anterior FMA:23976 MA:0002954 SCTID:181891000 The anterior arch of the atlas forms about one-fifth of the ring of the atlas: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis[WP]. The arch that connects the lateral masses of the atlas anteriorly and articulates with the anterior articular facet of the dens of the axis[MP]. UBERON:0003996 UBERON:0005209 anterior arch of atlas arcus anterior atlantis arcus anterior atlantis cervical vertebra 1 arcus anterior uberon MA:0002954 cervical vertebra 1 arcus anterior MA:0002954 anterior arch of atlas MP:0009879 The anterior arch of the atlas forms about one-fifth of the ring of the atlas: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis[WP]. The arch that connects the lateral masses of the atlas anteriorly and articulates with the anterior articular facet of the dens of the axis[MP]. Wikipedia:Anterior_arch_of_atlas Wikipedia:Anterior_arch_of_atlas arcus anterior atlantis MA:0002954 arcus anterior atlantis hyoid bone greater horn EMAPA:18651 EMAPA:18841 FMA:59496 In humans, the greater cornua are the larger, more lateral projections from the left and right borders of the body of hyoid bone. They are in contrast to the lesser cornua, which also occur in pairs but are comparatively smaller and conical in shape. The greater cornua are derived from the third pharyngeal arches. [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua] MA:0002959 SCTID:369008008 UBERON:0003997 cornu majus cornu majus ossis hyoidei cornua majora greater cornu greater cornua greater cornua greater horn greater horn of hyoid greater horn of hyoid bone greater horn of the hyoid hyoid bone greater cornu hyoid bone superior horn hyoid bone upper horn the larger and more lateral of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone tyrohal tyrohals uberon MP:0009913 the larger and more lateral of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone MA:0002959 hyoid bone upper horn http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua tyrohal FMA:59496 greater cornu Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone greater cornua FMA:59496 cornu majus MA:0002959 hyoid bone greater cornu MA:0002959 hyoid bone superior horn FMA:59496 greater horn of hyoid FMA FMA:59496 greater horn http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua tyrohals Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone greater horn of the hyoid greater cornua http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua FMA:59496 FMA:TA cornu majus ossis hyoidei FMA:59496 greater horn of hyoid bone cornua majora http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua Wikipedia hyoid bone lesser horn EMAPA:18652 EMAPA:18842 FMA:59499 MA:0002960 SCTID:369007003 UBERON:0003998 cornu minus cornu minus ossis hyoidei hyoid bone lesser cornu hyoid bone lower horn lesser cornu lesser cornu of hyoid lesser cornua lesser horn lesser horn of hyoid lesser horn of hyoid bone shorter and more medial of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone uberon MA:0002960 hyoid bone lesser cornu FMA:59499 lesser horn FMA:59499 lesser horn of hyoid FMA:59499 FMA:TA cornu minus ossis hyoidei FMA:59499 cornu minus MP:0009914 shorter and more medial of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone FMA:59499 lesser horn of hyoid bone MP-implied-by-def FMA FMA:59499 lesser cornu MA:0002960 hyoid bone lower horn http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Lesser_cornua lesser cornua hyoid bone body EMAPA:18653 EMAPA:18843 FMA:59495 MA:0002958 SCTID:369006007 UBERON:0003999 base of hyoid bone basihyal bone basihyoid bone body of hyoid bone corpus ossis hyoidei http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray186.png/200px-Gray186.png hyoid bone base the main curve of the hyoid bone, from which the horns extend uberon MA:0002958 hyoid bone base MA:0002958 basihyoid bone cjm MA:0002958 basihyal bone MP:0009917 Wikipedia:Body_of_hyoid_bone the main curve of the hyoid bone, from which the horns extend MA:0002958 body of hyoid bone MA:0002958 base of hyoid bone Wikipedia:Body_of_hyoid_bone corpus ossis hyoidei meibomian gland acinus . UBERON:0004000 uberon . MP:0009935 olfactory bulb layer . NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090402 TODO - check isa parentage UBERON:0004001 cytoarchitectural part of olfactory bulb uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090402 cytoarchitectural part of olfactory bulb . MP:0009946 cerebellum posterior lobe FMA:72252 MA:0002964 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_911 SCTID:279360009 UBERON:0004002 cerebrocerebellum middle lobe-1 of cerebellum posterior cerebellar lobe posterior lobe of cerebellum posterior lobe of the cerebellum posterior lobe-1 of cerebellum the region of the cerebellum that is posterior to the primary fissure and anterior to the posteriolateral fissure uberon FMA:72252 middle lobe-1 of cerebellum MP:0009962 the region of the cerebellum that is posterior to the primary fissure and anterior to the posteriolateral fissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_911 posterior lobe of the cerebellum FMA:72252 posterior cerebellar lobe FMA:72252 posterior lobe-1 of cerebellum FMA:72252 cerebrocerebellum cerebellum hemisphere lobule FMA:83880 MA:0002967 TODO - define as a region overlapping UBERON:0004003 cerebellar hemisphere lobule lobule of cerebellar hemisphere lobule of hemisphere of cerebellum the region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in either of the lateral sections of the cerebellum outside the vermis; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres uberon FMA:83880 lobule of hemisphere of cerebellum FMA:83880 lobule of cerebellar hemisphere MP:0009963 the region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in either of the lateral sections of the cerebellum outside the vermis; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres cerebellum lobule MA:0002966 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1084 UBERON:0004004 lobular parts of the cerebellar cortex one of the the ten gyri of the cerebellar cortex uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1084 lobular parts of the cerebellar cortex MP:0009964 one of the the ten gyri of the cerebellar cortex cerebellum lateral hemisphere UBERON:0004005 the most lateral paired regions of the cerebellum; the lateral zone receives input from the parietal cortex via pontocerebellar mossy fibers regarding the location and position of the body and integrates input signals with indications of muscle activity uberon MP:0009965 the most lateral paired regions of the cerebellum; the lateral zone receives input from the parietal cortex via pontocerebellar mossy fibers regarding the location and position of the body and integrates input signals with indications of muscle activity cerebellum intermediate hemisphere UBERON:0004006 the paired regions of the cerebellar hemisphere that lie adjacent to the vermis and are between the vermis and lateral regions of the hemispheres; it receives input from the corticopontocerebellar fibers that originate from the motor cortex, and also receives sensory feedback from the muscles; these signals are integrated by this region, to coordinate muscle activity with motor inputs uberon MP:0009966 the paired regions of the cerebellar hemisphere that lie adjacent to the vermis and are between the vermis and lateral regions of the hemispheres; it receives input from the corticopontocerebellar fibers that originate from the motor cortex, and also receives sensory feedback from the muscles; these signals are integrated by this region, to coordinate muscle activity with motor inputs cerebellar plate UBERON:0004008 the embryonic pseudostratified epithelium of the fourth cerebellar ventricle that eventually forms the vermis and ventral neuroepithelium uberon MP:0000856 the embryonic pseudostratified epithelium of the fourth cerebellar ventricle that eventually forms the vermis and ventral neuroepithelium cerebellum posterior vermis FMA:72259 MA:0002970 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081240 UBERON:0004009 posterior cerebellum vermis the posterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located posterior to the primary fissure uberon vermis of posterior lobe vermis of posterior lobe of cerebellum vermis of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081240 vermis of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum MP:0000869 the posterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located posterior to the primary fissure FMA:72259 vermis of posterior lobe primary muscle spindle UBERON:0004010 the sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and sensitive to stretch velocity uberon MP:0000991 the sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and sensitive to stretch velocity secondary muscle spindle UBERON:0004011 the sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and not sensitive to stretch velocity uberon MP:0000994 the sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and not sensitive to stretch velocity golgi tendon organ FMA:83608 UBERON:0004012 ncithesaurus:Golgi_Tendon_Organ neurotendinous ending neurotendinous organ of golgi the sensory organ in muscle that is involved in regulating muscle tension uberon MP:0000999 the sensory organ in muscle that is involved in regulating muscle tension FMA:83608 neurotendinous ending FMA:83608 neurotendinous organ of golgi egg cylinder UBERON:0004013 the transient cup-like structure of the epiblast that consists of a single layer of embryonic cells uberon MP:0003085 the transient cup-like structure of the epiblast that consists of a single layer of embryonic cells labia minora FMA:20374 MA:0002845 SCTID:362240001 The labia minora or nymphae are two longitudinal cutaneous folds on the human vulva. They are situated between the labia majora, and extend from the clitoris obliquely downward, laterally, and backward on either side of the vulval vestibule, ending between bottom of the vulval vestibule and the labia majora. In the virgin the posterior ends of the labia minora are usually joined across the middle line by a fold of skin, named the frenulum labiorum pudendi or fourchette. Labia minora may vary widely in size from woman to woman. On the front, each labium minus (nympha) divides into two portions: the upper division passes above the clitoris to meet the labium minus of the opposite side—which may not be equal in size—forming a fold which overhangs the glans clitoridis; this fold is named the preputium clitoridis. The lower division passes beneath the glans clitoridis and becomes united to its under surface, forming, with the labium minus of the opposite side—which also may not be equal in size—the frenulum clitoridis. On the opposed surfaces of the labia minora are numerous sebaceous follicles. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004014 galen:LabiaMinora labium minora labium minorum labium minus labium minus pudendi ncithesaurus:Labium_Minus uberon Wikipedia:Labia_minora labium minus pudendi FMA:20374 labium minus The labia minora or nymphae are two longitudinal cutaneous folds on the human vulva. They are situated between the labia majora, and extend from the clitoris obliquely downward, laterally, and backward on either side of the vulval vestibule, ending between bottom of the vulval vestibule and the labia majora. In the virgin the posterior ends of the labia minora are usually joined across the middle line by a fold of skin, named the frenulum labiorum pudendi or fourchette. Labia minora may vary widely in size from woman to woman. On the front, each labium minus (nympha) divides into two portions: the upper division passes above the clitoris to meet the labium minus of the opposite side—which may not be equal in size—forming a fold which overhangs the glans clitoridis; this fold is named the preputium clitoridis. The lower division passes beneath the glans clitoridis and becomes united to its under surface, forming, with the labium minus of the opposite side—which also may not be equal in size—the frenulum clitoridis. On the opposed surfaces of the labia minora are numerous sebaceous follicles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Labia_minora embryonic-extraembryonic boundary UBERON:0004015 the normal development /maintenance of the connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues uberon MP:0003890 the normal development /maintenance of the connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues dermatome AAO:0011028 EHDAA2:0003428 EHDAA:1719 EHDAA:1725 EHDAA:1731 EHDAA:1737 Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. UBERON:0004016 XAO:0000220 cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme mesenchyma dermatomiale ncithesaurus:Dermatome the mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the dermis[MP] uberon EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Cutis_plate dermatomal mesenchyme Wikipedia:Dermatomal_mesenchyme mesenchyma dermatomiale MP:0003940 Wikipedia:Dermatomal_mesenchyme the mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the dermis[MP] EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Cutis_plate cutis plate periocular mesenchyme AO notes: Check XAO once it has a definition. Taxon notes: Periocular mesenchyme (PM) is a mesencephalic neural crest derived cell population which as a result of an interaction with the retinal pigment epithelium forms the scleral cartilage of the avian eye[PMID:3709965] UBERON:0004017 XAO:0004089 ZFA:0005572 periocular mesenchyme the mesenchymal cells that give rise to the corneal endothelium, corneal stroma, sclera, iris stroma, ciliary muscle, ciliary stroma, and trabecular meshwork of the eye[MP]. uberon MP:0004054 PMID:3709965 the mesenchymal cells that give rise to the corneal endothelium, corneal stroma, sclera, iris stroma, ciliary muscle, ciliary stroma, and trabecular meshwork of the eye[MP]. XAO:0004089 periocular mesenchyme baroreceptor FMA:85601 UBERON:0004019 the sensory nerve endings in the wall of the atria of the heart, vena cava, aortic arch and carotid sinus that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure uberon MP:0004118 the sensory nerve endings in the wall of the atria of the heart, vena cava, aortic arch and carotid sinus that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure embryonic cilium Made obsolete as cell components are out of scope OBSOLETE: the earliest cilia of the mouse embryo found on the cells of the embryonic node UBERON:0004020 true uberon MP:0004131 OBSOLETE: the earliest cilia of the mouse embryo found on the cells of the embryonic node spongiotrophoblast layer Taxon notes: restriction to Rodentia may be too strong - we apply it for now as we are inheriting the MP definition. Development notes: In the absence of direct lineage analysis, it has been assumed, from his- tological studies and from the continuity of marker gene expression, that the spongiotrophoblast largely derives from the cells of the ectoplacental cone[PMID:19829370] UBERON:0004021 spongiotrophoblast layer of placenta the structure of the outer structural layer of the rodent placenta[MP]. Forms a compact layer of non-syncytial cells between the labyrinth and the outer giant cells uberon MP:0004255 PMID:19829370 the structure of the outer structural layer of the rodent placenta[MP]. Forms a compact layer of non-syncytial cells between the labyrinth and the outer giant cells embryonic neuroepithelium BTO:0000314 EHDAA2:0004654 UBERON:0004022 neurepithelium the epithelial cell layer that lines the neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells uberon MP:0004261 the epithelial cell layer that lines the neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells BTO:0000314 neurepithelium ganglionic eminence GE UBERON:0004023 embryonic subventricular zone embryonic/fetal subventricular zone fetal subventricular zone the transient proliferative population of neurons that expands exponentially during late prenatal development; it is a continuous germinal zone distinct from the ventricular zone that surrounds the brain ventricles[MP]. The eminences are found in the ventral part of the telencephalon, where they form bulges in the ventricles. These bulges develop into the basal ganglia.[1] They also contribute significantly in building up the GABAergic cortical cell population[WP]. uberon MP:0004274 Wikipedia:Ganglionic_eminence the transient proliferative population of neurons that expands exponentially during late prenatal development; it is a continuous germinal zone distinct from the ventricular zone that surrounds the brain ventricles[MP]. The eminences are found in the ventral part of the telencephalon, where they form bulges in the ventricles. These bulges develop into the basal ganglia.[1] They also contribute significantly in building up the GABAergic cortical cell population[WP]. medial ganglionic eminence MGE UBERON:0004024 a distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the neocortex; however, hippocampal neurons, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the MGE. uberon MP:0004276 a distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the neocortex; however, hippocampal neurons, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the MGE. lateral ganglionic eminence LGE UBERON:0004025 a distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the striatum; however, neocortex, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the LGE uberon MP:0004277 a distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the striatum; however, neocortex, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the LGE caudal ganglionic eminence CGE EFO:0001911 UBERON:0004026 the caudally located, distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone, located adjacent to the lateral ventricle uberon MP:0004278 the caudally located, distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone, located adjacent to the lateral ventricle chorionic plate BTO:0002879 SCTID:256391000 UBERON:0004027 ncithesaurus:Chorionic_Plate the portion of the chorion from which chorionic villi develop that establish a connection with the endometrium, giving rise to the fetal portion of the mature placenta uberon MP:0004560 the portion of the chorion from which chorionic villi develop that establish a connection with the endometrium, giving rise to the fetal portion of the mature placenta canal of Schlemm FMA:51873 SCTID:280605006 Schlemm's canal UBERON:0004029 ncithesaurus:Canal_of_Schlemm scleral sinus scleral venous sinus sinus venosus of sclera the vascular structure encircling the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor is returned to the blood circulation uberon FMA:51873 scleral sinus FMA/obol FMA:51873 sinus venosus of sclera FMA/obol MP:0005204 the vascular structure encircling the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor is returned to the blood circulation FMA:51873 scleral venous sinus aqueous vein UBERON:0004030 this vessel that receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm) uberon MP:0005207 this vessel that receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm) ectomesenchyme UBERON:0004031 mesenchymal cells derived from neural crest cells that contribute to development of the hard and soft tissue in the head and neck, including the branchial arches. uberon MP:0006302 mesenchymal cells derived from neural crest cells that contribute to development of the hard and soft tissue in the head and neck, including the branchial arches. podocyte slit diaphragm TODO - submit to GO UBERON:0004032 the thin membrane that covers the podocyte filtration slit which allows small molecules such as water, glucose, and ionic salts to pass through while retaining larger macromolecules in the bloodstream uberon MP:0008060 the thin membrane that covers the podocyte filtration slit which allows small molecules such as water, glucose, and ionic salts to pass through while retaining larger macromolecules in the bloodstream podocyte slit junction TODO - submit to GO UBERON:0004033 the gaps between the interdigitated foot processes of the podocyte uberon MP:0008062 the gaps between the interdigitated foot processes of the podocyte cutaneous microfibril UBERON:0004034 the fiber-like strand of fibrillin that forms the scaffold of the cutaneous elastic fibers found in the extracellular matrix of the skin uberon MP:0008419 the fiber-like strand of fibrillin that forms the scaffold of the cutaneous elastic fibers found in the extracellular matrix of the skin subplate The transient fetal subplate zone, together with the marginal zone and the cortical plate, represents the developmental anlage of the mammalian cerebral cortex. It serves as a waiting compartment for growing cortical afferents; its cells are involved in the establishment of pioneering cortical efferent projections and transient fetal circuitry, and apparently have a number of other developmental roles. The subplate zone is a phylogenetically recent structure and it is most developed in the human brain. Subplate neurons are among the first generated neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex [1]. These neurons disappear during postnatal development and are important in establishing the correct wiring [2][3] and functional maturation [4] of the cerebral cortex. Subplate neurons appear to be selectively sensitive to injury (such as hypoxia) which in humans are associated with motor and cognitive defects[WP]. UBERON:0004035 the transient outer neural tube region that contains the first generated post-mitotic neurons that receive synaptic input from thalamic axons and in turn project axons to the developing cortical plate uberon MP:0008440 Wikipedia:Subplate the transient outer neural tube region that contains the first generated post-mitotic neurons that receive synaptic input from thalamic axons and in turn project axons to the developing cortical plate retinal cone cell inner segment UBERON:0004036 request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment the retinal cone cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region true uberon MP:0008448 the retinal cone cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region retinal cone cell outer segment UBERON:0004037 request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment the retinal cone cell region in which the visual pigment rhodopsin is in invaginations of the cell membrane true uberon MP:0008449 the retinal cone cell region in which the visual pigment rhodopsin is in invaginations of the cell membrane retinal rod cell inner segment UBERON:0004038 request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment the retinal rod cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region true uberon MP:0008455 the retinal rod cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region retinal rod cell outer segment UBERON:0004039 request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment the retinal rod cell region which contains stacks of membranous discs separate from the outer cell membrane that are rich in the visual pigment rhodopsin true uberon MP:0008456 the retinal rod cell region which contains stacks of membranous discs separate from the outer cell membrane that are rich in the visual pigment rhodopsin cortical intermediate zone UBERON:0004040 the region of the developing mammalian cortex that extends between the ventricular zone and the cortical plate (CP); normally, the IZ is a region of tangential migration of cells, and at midgestation, the lower part of the IZ develops into the subventricular zone uberon MP:0008457 the region of the developing mammalian cortex that extends between the ventricular zone and the cortical plate (CP); normally, the IZ is a region of tangential migration of cells, and at midgestation, the lower part of the IZ develops into the subventricular zone spleen primary B follicle AO notes - FMA:15843 is classified as primary follicle so it belongs here FMA:15843 UBERON:0004041 primary spleen B cell follicle the nodules of small undifferentiated B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells located in the spleen white pulp uberon MP:0008471 the nodules of small undifferentiated B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells located in the spleen white pulp CL:tm primary spleen B cell follicle spleen secondary B follicle UBERON:0004042 secondary spleen B cell follicle splenic secondary B cell follicle the nodules of antigen-activated, differentiating B cells, follicular dendritic cells, antigen-presenting T cells and macrophages in the spleen white pulp uberon CL:tm MP:0008472 splenic secondary B cell follicle MP:0008472 the nodules of antigen-activated, differentiating B cells, follicular dendritic cells, antigen-presenting T cells and macrophages in the spleen white pulp CL:tm secondary spleen B cell follicle semicircular canal ampulla MA:0002770 SCTID:279759001 TODO check duct vs canal. Also check FMA - has many subtypes of semicircular canal such as 'ampulla of anterior semicircular canal' UBERON:0004043 ampullae osseae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg/200px-Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg membraneous ampulla of the semicircular duct semicircular duct ampulla the spherical enlargement at the base of each semicircular canal where they connect with the utricle, containing the crista ampullaris which detects movement of the fluid within the canals uberon MA:0002770 semicircular duct ampulla MP:0008488 membraneous ampulla of the semicircular duct MA Wikipedia:Osseous_ampullae ampullae osseae MP:0008488 Wikipedia:Osseous_ampullae the spherical enlargement at the base of each semicircular canal where they connect with the utricle, containing the crista ampullaris which detects movement of the fluid within the canals anterior visceral endoderm AVE BTO:0003361 UBERON:0004044 see also primitive streak the extraembryonic tissue that is responsible for the proper orientation of the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and for appropriate patterning of adjacent embryonic tissue uberon AVE BTO:0003361 MP:0008533 the extraembryonic tissue that is responsible for the proper orientation of the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and for appropriate patterning of adjacent embryonic tissue tailgut UBERON:0004045 the extension of the hindgut of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo, caudal to the location of the anal opening uberon MP:0008787 the extension of the hindgut of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo, caudal to the location of the anal opening anterior definitive endoderm TODO - check UBERON:0004046 the mesendoderm which first migrates from the node and which gives rise to the gut uberon MP:0008926 the mesendoderm which first migrates from the node and which gives rise to the gut basal cistern EMAPA:19056 EMAPA:19149 UBERON:0004047 the enclosed space where the arachnoid membrane stretches between the two temporal lobes and encloses the cerebral peduncles including the structures contained in the interpeduncular fossa uberon MP:0009029 the enclosed space where the arachnoid membrane stretches between the two temporal lobes and encloses the cerebral peduncles including the structures contained in the interpeduncular fossa pontine cistern EMAPA:18212 FMA:83719 UBERON:0004048 the space located on lateral aspects of the pons at the junction with the celebellum uberon MP:0009030 the space located on lateral aspects of the pons at the junction with the celebellum cerebellomedullary cistern FMA:74517 UBERON:0004049 great cistern the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata; it is divided into a posterior cerebellomedullary cistern [TA] located between the cerebellum and the posterior surface of the medulla (also called cisterna magna), and a lateral cerebellomedullary cistern [TA] located between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla. uberon FMA:74517 great cistern http://www.drugs.com/dict/cerebellomedullary-cistern.html the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata; it is divided into a posterior cerebellomedullary cistern [TA] located between the cerebellum and the posterior surface of the medulla (also called cisterna magna), and a lateral cerebellomedullary cistern [TA] located between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla. subarachnoid cistern FMA:83717 SCTID:314223007 UBERON:0004050 ncithesaurus:Subarachnoid_Cistern the widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain uberon MP:0009032 the widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain lateral cerebellomedullary cistern FMA:83722 UBERON:0004051 cisterna cerebellomedullaris lateralis the space between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla uberon MP:0009034 the space between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla MP:0009034 cisterna cerebellomedullaris lateralis quadrigeminal cistern FMA:74511 SCTID:56154003 UBERON:0004052 ambient cistern cistern of great cerebral vein cisterna ambiens cisterna quadrigeminalis cisterna venae magnae cerebri ncithesaurus:Quadrigeminal_Cistern superior cistern the enclosed space extending forward between the corpus callosum and the thalamus that contains the internal cerebral veins uberon FMA:74511 superior cistern FMA:74511 ambient cistern FMA:74511 FMA:TA cisterna quadrigeminalis FMA:74511 cistern of great cerebral vein FMA:74511 FMA:TA cisterna ambiens MP:0009035 the enclosed space extending forward between the corpus callosum and the thalamus that contains the internal cerebral veins FMA:74511 FMA:TA cisterna venae magnae cerebri external male genitalia BTO:0003097 EMAPA:30977 FMA:45642 SCTID:362264000 UBERON:0004053 external male genital organ galen:MaleExternalGenitalia male external genitalia organa genitalia masculina externa the external masculine genital organs, including the penis and scrotum uberon MP:0009199 the external masculine genital organs, including the penis and scrotum BTO:0003097 external male genital organ FMA:45642 male external genitalia BTO:0003097 organa genitalia masculina externa internal male genitalia BTO:0003096 Editor note: consider splitting genitalia from genital organ FMA:45655 SCTID:310536002 UBERON:0004054 internal male genital organ male internal genitalia organa genitalia masculina interna the internal masculine genital organs, including the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands uberon BTO:0003096 organa genitalia masculina interna MP:0009205 the internal masculine genital organs, including the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands FMA:45655 male internal genitalia BTO:0003096 internal male genital organ primitive pit EHDAA2:0001521 EHDAA:551 TODO - check UBERON:0004055 ncithesaurus:Primitive_Pit the small depression in the primitive streak that is caudal to the primitive node where the cells of the epiblast initially begin to invaginate during early embryogenesis uberon MP:0009329 the small depression in the primitive streak that is caudal to the primitive node where the cells of the epiblast initially begin to invaginate during early embryogenesis primitive groove EHDAA2:0001511 EHDAA:547 TODO - check UBERON:0004056 ncithesaurus:Primitive_Groove the shallow valley that extends along the length of the primitive streak uberon MP:0009330 the shallow valley that extends along the length of the primitive streak skeletal muscle fiber triad UBERON:0004057 the skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads uberon MP:0009411 the skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads biliary ductule BTO:0002840 One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP] TAO:0005164 UBERON:0004058 ZFA:0005164 ZFIN: Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) // bile capillary bile ductule biliary ductule cholangiole uberon BTO:0002840 cholangiole BTO:0002840 biliary ductule BTO:0002840 bile capillary BTO:0002840 bile ductule BTO BTO:0002840 MP:0009494 One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP] spinal cord medial motor column UBERON:0004059 the subclasses of motor neurons which project their axons to axial muscles that lie close to the vertebral column; motor neurons in the lateral subdivision of the MMC project their axons to body wall muscles uberon MP:0009686 the subclasses of motor neurons which project their axons to axial muscles that lie close to the vertebral column; motor neurons in the lateral subdivision of the MMC project their axons to body wall muscles neural tube ventricular layer EMAPA:16783 EMAPA:17152 UBERON:0004060 neural tube ependymal zone neural tube ventricular zone the layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen uberon MP:0009689 the layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen MP:0009689 neural tube ependymal zone MP:0009689 neural tube ventricular zone neural tube mantle layer EMAPA:17148 UBERON:0004061 neural tube intermediate zone the layer of glia and differentiating neurons that will form the gray matter of the spinal cord; this lies between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates uberon MP:0009690 the layer of glia and differentiating neurons that will form the gray matter of the spinal cord; this lies between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates MP:0009690 neural tube intermediate zone neural tube marginal layer EMAPA:17151 UBERON:0004062 neural tube marginal zone the outermost layer of the neural tube that contains nerve fibers and will form the white matter uberon MP:0009691 neural tube marginal zone MP:0009691 the outermost layer of the neural tube that contains nerve fibers and will form the white matter spinal cord alar plate TODO - merge with UBERON:0003054 roof plate? UBERON:0004063 spinal cord alar column spinal cord alar lamina the region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies dorsal to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily sensory neurons and interneurons involved in communication of sensory impulses; the alar plate develops into the dorsal horn in the grey matter of the spinal cord uberon MP:0009692 the region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies dorsal to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily sensory neurons and interneurons involved in communication of sensory impulses; the alar plate develops into the dorsal horn in the grey matter of the spinal cord MP:0009692 spinal cord alar column MP:0009692 spinal cord alar lamina basal plate AAO:0010561 EFO:0001904 UBERON:0004064 basal plate of neural tube ncithesaurus:Basal_Plate spinal cord basal plate the region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans. It extends from the rostral mesencephalon to the end of the spinal cord and contains primarily motor neurons, whereas neurons found in the alar plate are primarily associated with sensory functions. The cell types of the basal plate include lower motor neurons and four types of interneuron. Initially the left and right sides of the basal plate are continuous, but during neurulation they become separated by the floor plate, a derivative of the notochord[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) basal plate of neural tube MP:0009693 spinal cord basal plate MP:0009693 Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) the region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans. It extends from the rostral mesencephalon to the end of the spinal cord and contains primarily motor neurons, whereas neurons found in the alar plate are primarily associated with sensory functions. The cell types of the basal plate include lower motor neurons and four types of interneuron. Initially the left and right sides of the basal plate are continuous, but during neurulation they become separated by the floor plate, a derivative of the notochord[WP]. primordial meninx UBERON:0004065 the outermost mesenchymal covering of the developing brain and spinal cord that is composed of tough fibrous connective tissue from which the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater are formed uberon MP:0009726 the outermost mesenchymal covering of the developing brain and spinal cord that is composed of tough fibrous connective tissue from which the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater are formed frontonasal prominence During embryonic development, two areas of thickened ectoderm, the olfactory areas, appear immediately under the fore-brain in the anterior wall of the stomodeum, one on either side of a region termed the frontonasal prominence (or process)[WP]. By the upgrowth of the surrounding parts these areas are converted into pits, the olfactory pits, which indent the frontonasal prominence and divide it into a medial and two lateral nasal processes[WP]. two areas of thickened ectoderm, the olfactory areas, appear immediately under the fore-brain in the anterior wall of the stomodeum, one on either side of a region termed the frontonasal prominence. an unpaired facial process in the embryo formed from the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle that develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout[MP]. EHDAA2:0000581 EHDAA:4778 EMAPA:16681 SCTID:361486000 TODO - improve def UBERON:0004066 UBERON:0006237 VHOG:0001319 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gray44.png/200px-Gray44.png ncithesaurus:Frontonasal_Prominence prominentia frontonasalis uberon During embryonic development, two areas of thickened ectoderm, the olfactory areas, appear immediately under the fore-brain in the anterior wall of the stomodeum, one on either side of a region termed the frontonasal prominence (or process)[WP]. By the upgrowth of the surrounding parts these areas are converted into pits, the olfactory pits, which indent the frontonasal prominence and divide it into a medial and two lateral nasal processes[WP]. two areas of thickened ectoderm, the olfactory areas, appear immediately under the fore-brain in the anterior wall of the stomodeum, one on either side of a region termed the frontonasal prominence. an unpaired facial process in the embryo formed from the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle that develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout[MP]. MP:0009901 Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence prominentia frontonasalis lateral nasal prominence EHDAA2:0000916 EHDAA:4786 EMAPA:16805 SCTID:308880000 UBERON:0004067 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray48.png/200px-Gray48.png lateral nasal process lateral nasal swelling latero-nasal process prominentia nasalis lateralis the lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it uberon EMAPA:16805 latero-nasal process MP:0009902 Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_prominence the lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it UBERON:cjm lateral nasal swelling Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_prominence prominentia nasalis lateralis EHDAA2 Wikipedia EHDAA2:0000916 lateral nasal process medial nasal prominence EHDAA2:0001076 EHDAA:4792 EMAPA:16808 Fusion of right and left medial nasal processes forms a primary palate rostrally and the nasal septum caudally. The incisive bone, including upper incisor teeth and the rostral up- per lip, are derived from the primary palate. The nasal septum consists of bone, cartilage, and a patch of soft tissue membrane that separates right & left halves of the nasal cavity. SCTID:308877001 UBERON:0004068 VHOG:0000804 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gray45.png/200px-Gray45.png medial nasal process medial nasal swelling medial-nasal process prominentia nasalis medialis the central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it uberon EHDAA2:0001076 medial nasal process UBERON:cjm medial nasal swelling MP:0009903 Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence the central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence prominentia nasalis medialis EHDAA2 EMAPA:16808 medial-nasal process Wikipedia accessory olfactory bulb ABA:AOB BTO:0004797 MA:0000966 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090453 UBERON:0004069 accessory olfactory formation olfactory bulb accessory nucleus the forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus uberon MA MA:0000966 accessory olfactory formation MP:0009945 Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb#Accessory_olfactory_bulb the forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus cjm NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090453 olfactory bulb accessory nucleus cerebellum vermis lobule MA:0002968 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081223 TODO - define as a region overlapping UBERON:0004070 the region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in the central section of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres; in humans, vermis lobule regions may be nearly continuous with the cerebellar hemisphere lobules dorsally but are separated by deeper longitudinal fissues in the ventral regions; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres uberon MP:0009957 the region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in the central section of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres; in humans, vermis lobule regions may be nearly continuous with the cerebellar hemisphere lobules dorsally but are separated by deeper longitudinal fissues in the ventral regions; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres cerebellum emboliform nucleus SCTID:279222003 UBERON:0004071 the small wedge shaped nucleus interposed between the dentate and fastigial nuclei; it receives axons from Purkinje cells of the intermediate area of the cerebral hemispheres and most of its efferent connections travel via the superior cerebellar peduncle uberon MP:0009981 the small wedge shaped nucleus interposed between the dentate and fastigial nuclei; it receives axons from Purkinje cells of the intermediate area of the cerebral hemispheres and most of its efferent connections travel via the superior cerebellar peduncle cerebellum globose nucleus SCTID:279223008 UBERON:0004072 the two or three small masses of gray matter that is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus; it receives axons from the intermediate area of the cerebellar hemispheres and its afferents exit through the superior cerebellar peduncle; it is recognized in human cerebellum but is not distinguishable in all mammalian species uberon MP:0009982 the two or three small masses of gray matter that is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus; it receives axons from the intermediate area of the cerebellar hemispheres and its afferents exit through the superior cerebellar peduncle; it is recognized in human cerebellum but is not distinguishable in all mammalian species cerebellum interpositus nucleus UBERON:0004073 the nucelus composed of the globose and emoliform nuclei of the cerebellum; in some mammalian species the globose nucleus is not distinguishable uberon MP:0009984 the nucelus composed of the globose and emoliform nuclei of the cerebellum; in some mammalian species the globose nucleus is not distinguishable cerebellum vermis lobule I . ABA:LING FMA:83884 MA:0000998 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_932 SCTID:77232000 TODO FMA:61904 lingual gyrus FMA:71032 lingula gyrus (lg) UBERON:0004074 lingula lingula (I) lingula of anterior cerebellum vermis lingula of cerebellum lobule I of cerebellum vermis neuraxis lingula uberon . MP:0009988 ABA:LING lingula (I) MA MA:0000998 lingula cerebellum vermis lobule II . ABA:CENT2 MA:0000999 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081225 UBERON:0004075 central lobule central lobule of cerebellum central vs alar central? II and III? part_of CENT in ABA lobule II lobule II of cerebellum vermis uberon vermic lobule II MA:0000999 central lobule MA . MP:0009989 MA NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081225 vermic lobule II ABA ABA:CENT2 lobule II cerebellum vermis lobule III . ABA:CENT3 II or III? MA:0001000 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081226 UBERON:0004076 central lobule central lobule of cerebellum lobule III lobule III of cerebellum vermis uberon ABA . MP:0009990 MA ABA:CENT3 lobule III MA:0001000 central lobule cerebellum vermis lobule IV ABA:CUL4 MA:0001001 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081227 The culmen is the portion of the anterior vermis adjacent to the primary fissure of cerebellum. The culmen and the anterior parts of the quadrangular lobules form the lobus culminis[WP]. UBERON:0004077 culmen of cerebellum lobule IV of cerebellum vermis neuraxis culmen uberon FMA:83886 neuraxis culmen ABA MA MP:0009991 The culmen is the portion of the anterior vermis adjacent to the primary fissure of cerebellum. The culmen and the anterior parts of the quadrangular lobules form the lobus culminis[WP]. Wikipedia:Culmen_(cerebellum) cerebellum vermis lobule IX . ABA:UVU FMA:83883 MA:0001006 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081234 UBERON:0004078 cerebellar posterior vermis lobule IX lobule IX of cerebellar posterior vermis lobule IX of cerebellum vermis neuraxis uvula uberon uvula (IX) uvula [vermis] uvula of cerebellum uvula of vermis of cerebellum vermic lobule IX NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081234 vermic lobule IX . MP:0009992 PMID:2022820 cerebellar posterior vermis lobule IX ABA:UVU uvula (IX) PMID:2022820 lobule IX of cerebellar posterior vermis FMA:83883 uvula of cerebellum MA FMA:83883 neuraxis uvula cerebellum vermis lobule V . ABA:CUL5 MA:0001002 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081228 UBERON:0004079 culmen culmen of cerebellum lobule V lobule V of cerebellum vermis neuraxis culmen uberon MA:0001002 culmen . MP:0009993 MA FMA:83886 neuraxis culmen ABA ABA:CUL5 lobule V cerebellum vermis lobule VI . ABA:DEC FMA:83887 MA:0001003 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081229 SCTID:279385000 UBERON:0000909 UBERON:0004080 UBERON:Declive-MA_0001003 declive declive (VI) declive of cerebellum declive of vermis of cerebellum lobule VI of cerebellum vermis neuraxis declive uberon vermic lobule vi ABA:DEC declive (VI) . MP:0009994 FMA:83887 neuraxis declive MA:0001003 declive NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081229 vermic lobule vi MA cerebellum vermis lobule VII ABA:FOTU FMA:83889 MA:0001004 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081230 SCTID:369044003 The folium vermis is a short, narrow, concealed band at the posterior extremity of the vermis, consisting apparently of a single folium, but in reality marked on its upper and under surfaces by secondary fissures. Laterally, it expands in either hemisphere into a considerable lobule, the superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules), which occupies the posterior third of the upper surface of the hemisphere, and is bounded below by the horizontal sulcus. The superior semilunar lobules and the folium vermis form the lobus semilunaris. UBERON:0004081 check MA, MP, FMA, folium? folium folium lobule folium of cerebellum folium of vermis of cerebellum folium-tuber vermis (VII) lobule VII of cerebellum vermis neuraxis folium uberon vermic lobule VII ABA:FOTU folium-tuber vermis (VII) NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081230 vermic lobule VII MA FMA:83889 neuraxis folium MA:0001004 folium MP:0009995 folium lobule MP:0009995 The folium vermis is a short, narrow, concealed band at the posterior extremity of the vermis, consisting apparently of a single folium, but in reality marked on its upper and under surfaces by secondary fissures. Laterally, it expands in either hemisphere into a considerable lobule, the superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules), which occupies the posterior third of the upper surface of the hemisphere, and is bounded below by the horizontal sulcus. The superior semilunar lobules and the folium vermis form the lobus semilunaris. Wikipedia:Folium_(vermis) cerebellum vermis lobule VIII . ABA:PYR FMA:83888 MA:0001005 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081233 UBERON:0002312 UBERON:0004082 UBERON:FMA_83888-MA_0001005 cerebellum lobule VIII lobule VIII of cerebellum vermis neuraxis pyramis neuraxis pyramus pyramis pyramis of vermis of cerebellum pyramus pyramus pyramus (VIII) pyramus of cerebellum pyramus of vermis of cerebellum uberon vermic lobule VIII . MP:0009996 MA:0001005 pyramus FMA:83888 pyramis of vermis of cerebellum MA NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081233 vermic lobule VIII NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081233 pyramis ABA:PYR pyramus (VIII) FMA:83888 pyramus of vermis of cerebellum cerebellum vermis lobule X . ABA:NOD FMA:83882 MA:0001007 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1165 UBERON:0004083 lobule X of cerebellum vermis neuraxis nodulus nodulus nodulus (X) nodulus of cerebellum nodulus of vermis of cerebellum uberon MA:0001007 nodulus ABA:NOD nodulus (X) . MP:0009997 MA labium EMAPA:30837 MA:0002464 UBERON:0004084 galen:Labia labia ncithesaurus:Labium the folds of skin which form the inner lips (labia minora) on both sides of the vaginal opening uberon labia MA MP:0003520 the folds of skin which form the inner lips (labia minora) on both sides of the vaginal opening labia majora FMA:20367 MA:0002844 SCTID:362237001 The labia majora are two prominent longitudinal cutaneous folds which extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum and form the lateral boundaries of the cleft of venus, which contains the labia minora, interlabial sulci, clitoral hood, clitoral glans, frenulum clitoridis, the Hart's Line, and the vulval vestibule, which contains the external openings of the urethra and the vagina. Each labium majus has two surfaces, an outer, pigmented and covered with strong, crisp hairs; and an inner, smooth and beset with large sebaceous follicles. Between the two there is a considerable quantity of areolar tissue, fat, and a tissue resembling the dartos tunic of the scrotum, besides vessels, nerves, and glands. The Labia Majora are thicker in front, where they form by their meeting the anterior commisure of the labia majora. Posteriorly they are not really joined, but appear to become lost in the neighboring integument, ending close to — and nearly parallel with — each other. Together with the connecting skin between them, they form the posterior commisure of the labia majora or posterior boundary of the pudendum. The interval between the posterior commissure of the labia majora and the anus, from 2.5 to 3 cm. in length, constitutes the perineum. The labia majora correspond to the scrotum in the male. Between the labia majora and the inner thighs are the labiocrural folds. Between the labia majora and labia minora are the interlabial sulci. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004085 galen:LabiaMajora labium majora labium majorum labium majus labium majus pudendi ncithesaurus:Labium_Majus uberon Wikipedia:Labia_majora labium majus pudendi The labia majora are two prominent longitudinal cutaneous folds which extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum and form the lateral boundaries of the cleft of venus, which contains the labia minora, interlabial sulci, clitoral hood, clitoral glans, frenulum clitoridis, the Hart's Line, and the vulval vestibule, which contains the external openings of the urethra and the vagina. Each labium majus has two surfaces, an outer, pigmented and covered with strong, crisp hairs; and an inner, smooth and beset with large sebaceous follicles. Between the two there is a considerable quantity of areolar tissue, fat, and a tissue resembling the dartos tunic of the scrotum, besides vessels, nerves, and glands. The Labia Majora are thicker in front, where they form by their meeting the anterior commisure of the labia majora. Posteriorly they are not really joined, but appear to become lost in the neighboring integument, ending close to — and nearly parallel with — each other. Together with the connecting skin between them, they form the posterior commisure of the labia majora or posterior boundary of the pudendum. The interval between the posterior commissure of the labia majora and the anus, from 2.5 to 3 cm. in length, constitutes the perineum. The labia majora correspond to the scrotum in the male. Between the labia majora and the inner thighs are the labiocrural folds. Between the labia majora and labia minora are the interlabial sulci. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Labia_majora brain ventricle BTO:0001442 EFO:0001914 EV:0100306 FMA:78447 MA:0000818 MESH:A.08.186.211.276 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1356 Note that FMA draws the distinction between e.g. 'fourth ventricle' and 'cavity of fourth ventricle'. The former is a cavity, and part of the latter, which is a region. The superclass of 'fourth ventricle' is_a 'region of ventricular system of the brain'. We place this class here, although it is not equivalent to ventricles, as it includes ventricle bodies. OpenCyc:Mx4rvmTY65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:180929003 UBERON:0004086 cerebral ventricle ncithesaurus:Ventricle_Brain one of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid region of ventricular system of brain uberon HP:0002118 cerebral ventricle FMA:78447 region of ventricular system of brain vena cava AAO:0010215 BTO:0001438 EMAPA:18415 GAID:547 MA:0000068 MESH:A.07.231.908.949 OpenCyc:Mx4rkJQ4U6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw SCTID:244405007 The superior and inferior vena cava are collectively called the venae cavae. They are the veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. They both empty into the right atrium. The inferior vena cava (or posterior vena cava in animals) travels up alongside the abdominal aorta with blood from the lower part of the body (see # 11 in the diagram). It is the largest vein in the body. The superior vena cava (or anterior vena cava in animals) is above the heart, and forms from a convergence of the left and right brachiocephalic veins that contain blood from the head and the arms (see # 3 in the diagram). [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004087 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Heart_numlabels.png/200px-Heart_numlabels.png ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava uberon The superior and inferior vena cava are collectively called the venae cavae. They are the veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. They both empty into the right atrium. The inferior vena cava (or posterior vena cava in animals) travels up alongside the abdominal aorta with blood from the lower part of the body (see # 11 in the diagram). It is the largest vein in the body. The superior vena cava (or anterior vena cava in animals) is above the heart, and forms from a convergence of the left and right brachiocephalic veins that contain blood from the head and the arms (see # 3 in the diagram). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Venae_cavae ocular region . FMA:260119 TODO: consider the following: eyeball (eye proper) part_of eye (= eyeball+eyelid etc) part_of ocular region (= eye + eyebrow); note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature // in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow UBERON:0004088 content of orbital part of eye eye region uberon . HP:0000284 OBOL:automatic eye region FMA:260119 content of orbital part of eye midface MA:0001910 UBERON:0004089 editors note: this class is currently a union of the snout (e.g. in mouse), the midface and the lower face. Note that in MA, snout includes the whole jaw and should thus be more alike the lower face than the midface, so its placement here is not strictly accurate. In future we might introduce specific classes for each of these, and include the full parthood relationships. if this is done, then care should be taken to preserve inferences such as an abnormality of the lower face being an abnormality of the midface. lower face midface/lower face snout the middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. uberon HP:0000309 http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/midface the middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. MA:0001910 snout periorbital region . AO notes: does not contain any subparts in FMA. In HP covers eyelid, eyebrow, soft tissue FMA:59351 MA:0002875 SCTID:362646004 UBERON:0004090 periorbita periorbital area uberon MA:0002875 periorbital area FMA:59351 periorbita . HP:0000606 hypothalamus-pituitary axis . UBERON:0004092 uberon . HP:0000864 corticospinal tract BM:CST The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. The corticospinal tract mostly contains motor axons. It actually consists of two separate tracts in the spinal cord: the lateral corticospinal tract and the medial corticospinal tract. An understanding of these tracts leads to an understanding of why for the most part, one side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain. Also the corticobulbar tract is considered to be a pyramidal tract. The corticobulbar tract carries signals that control motor neurons located in cranial nerve brain nuclei rather than motor neurons located in the spinal cord. The neurons of the pyramidal tracts are pyramidal neurons, but that is not how the pyramidal tract got its name, as most of the pyramidal neurons send their axons elsewhere. Instead, it got its name from the shape of the corticospinal axon tracts: when the pyramidal tract passes the medulla, it forms a dense bundle of nerve fibres that is shaped somewhat like a pyramid. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004095 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray684.png/200px-Gray684.png tractus corticospinalis uberon Wikipedia:Corticospinal_tract tractus corticospinalis HP:0002492 The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. The corticospinal tract mostly contains motor axons. It actually consists of two separate tracts in the spinal cord: the lateral corticospinal tract and the medial corticospinal tract. An understanding of these tracts leads to an understanding of why for the most part, one side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain. Also the corticobulbar tract is considered to be a pyramidal tract. The corticobulbar tract carries signals that control motor neurons located in cranial nerve brain nuclei rather than motor neurons located in the spinal cord. The neurons of the pyramidal tracts are pyramidal neurons, but that is not how the pyramidal tract got its name, as most of the pyramidal neurons send their axons elsewhere. Instead, it got its name from the shape of the corticospinal axon tracts: when the pyramidal tract passes the medulla, it forms a dense bundle of nerve fibres that is shaped somewhat like a pyramid. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Corticospinal_tract odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2 AAO:0000721 EMAPA:26535 FMA:24043 GAID:238 MA:0002872 MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151.383.668 OpenCyc:Mx4rwIYGoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:181899003 TODO check AAO:0000721 odontoid_process -- Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen The toothlike process on the upper surface of the axis, which articulates with the atlas above[GAID]. UBERON:0004096 UBERON:0005210 axis dens axis odontoid process cervical vertebra 2 odontoid process dens dens of axis ncithesaurus:Odontoid_Process odontoid odontoid process odontoid process of axis uberon GAID:238 HP:0003310 The toothlike process on the upper surface of the axis, which articulates with the atlas above[GAID]. Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dens_(anatomy) FMA:24043 axis dens Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dens_(anatomy) odontoid FMA:24043 dens of axis FMA:24043 odontoid process of axis EMAPA:26535 dens MA:0002872 cervical vertebra 2 odontoid process MA:0002872 axis odontoid process FMA:24043 odontoid process renin-aldosterone axis . UBERON:0004097 true uberon . HP:0003350 tibial plateaux . UBERON:0004098 uberon . HP:0003832 joint space of elbow FMA:38911 Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint. UBERON:0004099 synovial cavity of elbow joint uberon HP:0003943 Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint. FMA:38911 synovial cavity of elbow joint renal collecting system The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. UBERON:0004100 collecting_duct_system http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png tubulus renalis colligens uberon Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system collecting_duct_system HP:0004742 The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system tubulus renalis colligens nasolabial region . UBERON:0004101 uberon . HP:0005289 tracheobronchial system . UBERON:0004102 uberon . HP:0005607 alveolar ridge BTO:0001383 GAID:215 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.125 SCTID:245790000 UBERON:0004103 alveolar body alveolar bone alveolar margin alveolar process ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Ridge note that in BTO, this is part of an embryo one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. uberon HP:0006477 Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. MP:0004189 alveolar bone MP:0004189 alveolar body GAID:215 alveolar process hairline . UBERON:0004104 uberon . HP:0009553 subungual region . UBERON:0004105 uberon . HP:0009723 crus of ear FMA:61024 SCTID:362547004 UBERON:0004106 crus helicis crus of helical part of auricular cartilage crus of helix horizontal piece of cartilage located outside the ear canal that divides the upper and lower parts of the ear. ncithesaurus:Crus_Helicis uberon FMA:61024 FMA:TA crus helicis FMA:61024 crus of helix HP:0009895 horizontal piece of cartilage located outside the ear canal that divides the upper and lower parts of the ear. clivus of occipital bone FMA:75747 Part of the cranium, the clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellC& that slopes obliquely backward. It forms a gradual sloping process at the anterior most portion of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. On axial planes, it sits just posterior to the sphenoid sinuses. Just lateral to the clivus bilaterally is the foramen lacerum which contains the internal carotid artery, proximal to its anastamosis with the Circle of Willis. Posterior to the clivus is the basilar artery. The clivus supports the upper part of the pons. SCTID:361736007 The clivus is an important landmark for checking for anatomical atlanto-occipital alignment; the clivus, when viewed on a lateral C-spine X-ray, forms a line which, if extended, is known as Wackenheim's clivus line. Wackenheim's clivus line should pass through the dens of the axis or be tangential to it. Editor note: check relationships. UBERON:0004108 Wackenheim's clivus line clivus ncithesaurus:Clivus occipital bone clivus uberon FMA HP:0010558 Part of the cranium, the clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellC& that slopes obliquely backward. It forms a gradual sloping process at the anterior most portion of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. On axial planes, it sits just posterior to the sphenoid sinuses. Just lateral to the clivus bilaterally is the foramen lacerum which contains the internal carotid artery, proximal to its anastamosis with the Circle of Willis. Posterior to the clivus is the basilar artery. The clivus supports the upper part of the pons. Wikipedia:Clivus_%28anatomy%29 HP:0010558 FMA Wackenheim's clivus line Wikipedia:Clivus_%28anatomy%29 HP:0010558 clivus FMA:75747 occipital bone clivus Wikipedia cortex of humerus . FMA:31542 UBERON:0004109 compact bone of humerus cortex of the humerus humerus compact bone humerus cortical bone uberon . HP:0010629 FMA:31542 compact bone of humerus midnasal cavity UBERON:0004110 includes the cavity between the nares and the choanae. uberon HP:0010641 includes the cavity between the nares and the choanae. anatomical conduit AEO:0000080 EHDAA2:0003080 FMA:242873 UBERON:0004111 any opening in the body. foramen foramina note that FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature uberon UBERON:cjm foramina Wikipedia:Foramen any opening in the body. FMA EHDAA2:0003080 foramen muscle of middle ear A muscle of head that is part of a tympanic cavity [Obol]. MA:0000256 UBERON:0004112 check tympanic cavity vs middle ear. the same for muscles? muscle of tympanic cavity tympanic cavity muscle uberon A muscle of head that is part of a tympanic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic muscle of auditory ossicle FMA:49026 SCTID:244778009 UBERON:0004113 auditory ossicles muscle muscle of auditory ossicles ossicular muscle uberon FMA:49026 ossicular muscle FMA:49026 auditory ossicles muscle FMA:49026 muscle of auditory ossicles tympanic cavity BTO:0002098 EHDAA2:0004119 EV:0100358 FMA:56461 SCTID:362551002 UBERON:0004114 anatomical cavity of middle ear cavitas tympani cavitas tympani cavity of middle ear http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png middle ear cavity small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear. tympanum uberon EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity cavitas tympani BTO:0002098 tympanum OBOL:automatic cavity of middle ear Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity cavitas tympani Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear. OBOL:automatic middle ear cavity FMA EHDAA2 OBOL:automatic anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel of tympanic cavity A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Obol]. MA:0001219 UBERON:0004115 anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel blood vessel of anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel of cavity of middle ear blood vessel of middle ear anatomical cavity blood vessel of middle ear cavity cavity of middle ear blood vessel middle ear anatomical cavity blood vessel middle ear blood vessel middle ear cavity blood vessel tympanic cavity blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cavity of middle ear A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle ear anatomical cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of middle ear cavity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of middle ear anatomical cavity OBOL:automatic middle ear cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anatomical cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic cavity of middle ear blood vessel nerve of tympanic cavity A nerve that is part of a tympanic cavity [Obol]. MA:0001222 UBERON:0004116 anatomical cavity of middle ear nerve cavity of middle ear nerve middle ear anatomical cavity nerve middle ear cavity nerve nerve blood vessel nerve of anatomical cavity of middle ear nerve of cavity of middle ear nerve of middle ear anatomical cavity nerve of middle ear cavity tympanic cavity nerve tympanic cavity nerves uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of middle ear cavity MA:0001222 tympanic cavity nerves OBOL:automatic middle ear cavity nerve OBOL:automatic middle ear anatomical cavity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of anatomical cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic cavity of middle ear nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic nerve of middle ear anatomical cavity OBOL:automatic anatomical cavity of middle ear nerve A nerve that is part of a tympanic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pharyngeal pouch AAO:0011113 EFO:0003627 EHDAA:1086 EHDAA:1669 EHDAA:579 EHDAA:617 Editor notes: consider adding location (precursor) - i.e. internal (endodermal) // The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389] SCTID:34674002 TAO:0001106 UBERON:0004117 VHOG:0001203 XAO:0000282 ZFA:0001106 branchial pouch embryonic structure that forms on the endodermal side between the pharyngeal arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. The pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills in fish[WP]. Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits[ZFA]. ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Pouch uberon visceral pouch Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology) embryonic structure that forms on the endodermal side between the pharyngeal arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. The pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills in fish[WP]. Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits[ZFA]. visceral pouch EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Branchial_pouch branchial pouch ZFA vasculature of iris A vasculature that is part of a iris [Obol]. UBERON:0004118 ZFA:0005568 iris blood vessels iris vascular network iris vasculature uberon vascular network of iris OBOL:automatic iris blood vessels A vasculature that is part of a iris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vascular network of iris OBOL:automatic iris vascular network endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004119 uberon An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. UBERON:cjm mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004120 uberon An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. UBERON:cjm ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004121 uberon An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. UBERON:cjm genitourinary system AAO:0000624 BILA:0000122 BTO:0003091 EFO:0003864 EHDAA:1013 EMAPA:16367 EV:0100094 GAID:362 GU tract MESH:A.05 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVMgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g SCTID:278861008 UBERON:0004122 Urogenitalsystem VHOG:0000286 XAO:0000140 galen:GenitoUrinarySystem genitourinary tract ncithesaurus:Genitourinary_System uberon urogenital system urogenital tract AAO BTO:0003091 urogenital tract BTO:0003091 Urogenitalsystem myocardial layer MA:0000080 UBERON:0004123 layer of myocardium myocardium layer uberon myocardium trabecular layer EFO:0003706 MA:0002866 TAO:0005059 The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. UBERON:0004124 ZFA:0005059 myocardial trabecular layer trabecular layer uberon ZFA:0005059 trabecular layer The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. ZFA:0005059 myocardial compact layer outer dense layer of the myocardium uniting the epicardium and myocardium[MP]. MA:0002865 UBERON:0004125 myocardium compact layer uberon outer dense layer of the myocardium uniting the epicardium and myocardium[MP]. MP:0004056 MA:0002865 myocardium compact layer trabecular layer of ventricle FMA:83511 TAO:0005060 UBERON:0004126 ZFA:0005060 myocardium of region of ventricle todo - check FMA trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle uberon ventricular trabecular myocardium GO:0003222 ventricular trabecular myocardium GO:0003222 trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle FMA:83511 myocardium of region of ventricle compact layer of ventricle TAO:0005062 The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle. UBERON:0004127 ZFA:0005062 compact cardiac ventricle muscle uberon ventricle myocardium compact zone ventricular compact myocardium ventricular myocardial compact layer ventricular myocardial compact zone MP:0010556 ventricular myocardial compact zone MP:0010556 ventricle myocardium compact zone ZFA MP:0010556 ventricular myocardial compact layer The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle. ZFA:0005062 optic vesicle AAO:0011039 EHDAA2:0001320 EMAPA:16540 Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode PMID:16496288 SCTID:362864008 TAO:0000050 The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. UBERON:0004128 VHOG:0000165 XAO:0000228 ZFA:0000050 evagination http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gray863.png/200px-Gray863.png ncithesaurus:Optic_Vesicle uberon ZFA GO:0003404 The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Optic_vesicles ZFA growth plate cartilage UBERON:0004129 cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow. growth plate uberon GO:0003417 cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow. cerebellar layer FMA:83141 MA:0000201 SCTID:360478008 UBERON:0004130 cell layer of cerebellar cortex gray matter layer of cerebellum layer of cerebellar cortex ncithesaurus:Cortical_Cell_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum uberon FMA:83141 gray matter layer of cerebellum trigeminal sensory nucleus MA:0001030 SCTID:280170001 TAO:0000433 TODO: check ZFA link. note this is part of medulla in ZFA, but we do not include this link here as it leads to inconsistencies The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP]. UBERON:0004132 VHOG:0001356 ZFA:0000433 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png sensory trigeminal V nucleus sensory trigeminal nucleus trigeminal V sensory nucleus trigeminal sensory nucleus uberon ZFA:0000433 sensory trigeminal nucleus MA GO:0021730 trigeminal sensory nucleus MA:0001030 trigeminal V sensory nucleus The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP]. Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nuclei FMA salivatory nucleus . UBERON:0004133 salivary nucleus uberon GO:0021751 salivary nucleus . GO:0021751 proximal tubule BTO:0001498 EMAPA:28281 In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. MA:0002611 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.560.570 UBERON:0004134 proximal kidney tubule renal proximal tubule todo - ensure definition works across species. uberon checkme GO multiple MESH:A.05.810.453.736.560.570 proximal kidney tubule GO:0072014 In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. GO distal tubule BTO:0000482 EMAPA:28387 MA:0002633 MESH:A.05.810.453.736.560.540 The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the convoluted and straight distal tubule segments UBERON:0004135 renal distal tubule uberon GO:0072017 The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the convoluted and straight distal tubule segments intermediate tubule FMA:17718 The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules UBERON:0004136 renal intermediate tubule todo - check for applicability across species tubulus attenuatus uberon FMA:17718 tubulus attenuatus FMA GO:0072018 The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules somitomeric trunk muscle TODO - find N+S conditions. SMT & develops_from somite is not specific enough (all SMT develops_from somite) The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.[GO]. UBERON:0004138 uberon GO:0002075 The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.[GO]. cardiogenic plate EHDAA2:0000215 EMAPA:16106 TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field UBERON:0004139 VHOG:0000975 cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment myocardial plate uberon EHDAA2:0000215 myocardial plate GO:0003142 The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field GO:0003142 cardiogenic crescent heart field UBERON:0004140 XAO:0004185 a specific region of the lateral mesoderm in which the heart will develop. note that this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] primary heart field uberon PMID:17276708 XAO:0004185 primary heart field GO:0003128 a specific region of the lateral mesoderm in which the heart will develop. GO:0003128 heart tube Cavitated compound organ that will become the adult heart following looping morphogenesis and valve formation[ZFA]. EFO:0003526 EHDAA:424 EMAPA:16208 TAO:0000360 UBERON:0004141 XAO:0000337 ZFA:0000360 early primitive heart tube embryonic heart tube uberon Cavitated compound organ that will become the adult heart following looping morphogenesis and valve formation[ZFA]. GO:0003143 ZFA:0000360 EMAPA:16208 early primitive heart tube ZFA outflow tract septum The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract UBERON:0004142 uberon GO:0003148 The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract membranous septum The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. UBERON:0004143 uberon GO:0003149 The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. muscular septum The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum UBERON:0004144 uberon GO:0003150 The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum outflow tract EHDAA2:0001351 EHDAA:464 EHDAA:798 EMAPA:16229 EMAPA:16346 MA:0000100 The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries UBERON:0004145 VHOG:0000670 XAO:0004139 cardiac outflow tract uberon GO:0003151 The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries His-Purkinje system HPS His-Purkinji network TAO:0005071 The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles UBERON:0004146 ZFA:0005071 distal conduction system uberon GO:0003164 The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles HPS ZFA:0005071 ZFA:0005071 distal conduction system His-Purkinji network ZFA:0005071 cardiac Purkinje fiber BTO:0001735 MESH:A.07.541.409.683 The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle UBERON:0004147 heart Purkinje fiber uberon BTO:0001735 heart Purkinje fiber GO:0003165 The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle coronary vein EHDAA2:0004507 FMA:12846 SCTID:277726009 UBERON:0004148 Vein of heart cardiac vein galen:CoronaryVein heart vein ncithesaurus:Coronary_Vein uberon vein of heart OBOL:automatic vein of heart FMA:12846 cardiac vein OBOL:automatic heart vein GOC:Obol Vein of heart ventriculo bulbo valve A heart valve located between the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus. TAO:0001375 UBERON:0004149 ZFA:0001375 bulboventricular valve uberon ZFA:0001375 bulboventricular valve ZFA A heart valve located between the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus. GO:0003173 coronary sinus valve FMA:9242 SCTID:277723001 UBERON:0004150 Vestigial cardiac valve which is continuous with the valve of the inferior vena cava[FMA]. thebesian valve thebesius valve todo - development uberon valve of coronary sinus GO:0003178 Vestigial cardiac valve which is continuous with the valve of the inferior vena cava[FMA]. cardiac chamber A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart FMA:7095 OpenCyc:Mx4rmexpjPdAEduAAAAOpmP6tw SCTID:276456008 UBERON:0004151 chamber of heart generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus heart chamber uberon A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart GO:0003205 bulbus arteriosus EFO:0003505 Evolution notes: replaces conus arteriosis in cartilaginous fish TAO:0000173 The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber[GO]. Multi-tissue structure that consists of three layers and through which the blood exits the heart. The bulbus arteriosus is a pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches[ZFA]. UBERON:0004152 ZFA:0000173 truncus uberon definitional ZFA:0000173 truncus GO:0003232 PMID:15108157 The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber[GO]. Multi-tissue structure that consists of three layers and through which the blood exits the heart. The bulbus arteriosus is a pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches[ZFA]. ventricular septum intermedium Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP]. SCTID:361468003 UBERON:0004153 septum intermedium uberon Wikipedia Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP]. GO:0003282 Wikipedia:Septum_intermedium septum primum AO notes: part_of IAS in EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0001825 EHDAA:1900 EMAPA:17013 FMA:63909 In the developing heart, the cavity of the primitive atrium becomes subdivided into right and left chambers by a septum, the septum primum, which grows downward into the cavity. The increasingly smaller gap below it (before it fuses with the endocardial cushion) is known as the ostium primum. The septum primum eventually fuses with the endocardial cushion, closing the ostium primum off completely. Meanwhile, perforations appear in the superior part of the septum primum, forming the ostium secundum. This will eventually form part of the fossa ovalis.. SCTID:362017007 UBERON:0004154 VHOG:0000020 interatrial septum primum ncithesaurus:Septum_Primum uberon GO:0003284 In the developing heart, the cavity of the primitive atrium becomes subdivided into right and left chambers by a septum, the septum primum, which grows downward into the cavity. The increasingly smaller gap below it (before it fuses with the endocardial cushion) is known as the ostium primum. The septum primum eventually fuses with the endocardial cushion, closing the ostium primum off completely. Meanwhile, perforations appear in the superior part of the septum primum, forming the ostium secundum. This will eventually form part of the fossa ovalis.. Wikipedia:Septum_primum EHDAA2:0001825 interatrial septum primum septum secundum . EHDAA2:0001827 EHDAA:3406 EMAPA:17864 FMA:63910 SCTID:308850005 The septum secundum, semilunar in shape, grows downward from the upper wall of the atrium immediately to the right of the primary septum and ostium secundum. Shortly after birth it fuses with the septum primum, and consequently the foramen ovale is closed, but sometimes the fusion is incomplete and the upper part of the foramen remains patent. The limbus fossae ovalis denotes the free margin of the septum secundum. UBERON:0004155 VHOG:0000021 interatrial septum secundum ncithesaurus:Septum_Secundum uberon . GO:0003285 Wikipedia:Septum_secondum EHDAA2:0001827 interatrial septum secundum atrial septum primum . UBERON:0004157 uberon . GO:0003289 atrial septum secundum . UBERON:0004158 uberon . GO:0003290 atrial septum intermedium . UBERON:0004159 uberon . GO:0003291 proepicardium An outpouching of the septum transversum[GO]. An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium[Wiktionary] UBERON:0004160 uberon An outpouching of the septum transversum[GO]. An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium[Wiktionary] GO:0003342 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proepicardium septum transversum A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[OG]. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme[GO]. EHDAA2:0001829 EHDAA:736 EMAPA:16318 SCTID:308819008 UBERON:0004161 VHOG:0000019 ncithesaurus:Septum_Transversum transverse septum uberon UBERON:cjm transverse septum A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[OG]. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme[GO]. GO:0003343 VHOG:0000019 Wikipedia:Septum_transversum pulmonary myocardium The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein UBERON:0004162 uberon GO:0003350 The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein anterior ectodermal midgut UBERON:0004163 portions of the midgut that are derived from ectoderm. uberon GO:0007441 portions of the midgut that are derived from ectoderm. branchiomeric skeletal muscle TODO - gill musculature The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish[GO]. UBERON:0004164 uberon GO PMID:21610022 GO:0014707 The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish[GO]. superior reticular formation . UBERON:0004166 check ZFA structures superior reticular formation medial column & tegmentum uberon . GO:0021729 GO_REF:0000021 GO orbitofrontal cortex EFO:0001990 FMA:242003 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1049 The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe UBERON:0004167 fronto-orbital cortex note that this is a gyrus in FMA orbital frontal cortex orbito-frontal cortex uberon DHB:OFC NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1049 orbital frontal cortex GO GO:0021769 The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe spinal cord ventral commissure FMA:77035 SCTID:424149007 UBERON:0004170 anterior commissure anterior white commissure anterior white commissure of spinal cord commissura alba anterior medullae spinalis, alba anterior medullae spinalis ncithesaurus:White_Commissure spinal cord anterior commissure the band of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord ventral to the central canal and posterior grey commissure[MP]. The anterior (or ventral) white commissure, also known as the alba anterior medullae spinalis, is a bundle of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord just anterior to the gray commissure. A N4 fibers and C fibers carrying pain sensation in the spinothalamic tract contribute to this commissure, as do fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract, which carry motor signals from the primary motor cortex[WP]. uberon ventral spinal commissure ventral white column ventral white commissure of spinal cord white commissure MP:0009695 anterior white commissure FMA:77035 anterior white commissure of spinal cord MP:0009695 ventral white column Wikipedia:Anterior_white_commissure commissura alba anterior medullae spinalis, alba anterior medullae spinalis FMA:77035 ventral white commissure of spinal cord MP:0009695 white commissure MP:0009695 anterior commissure FMA MP:0009695 ventral spinal commissure GO:0021965 MP:0009695 Wikipedia:Anterior_white_commissure the band of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord ventral to the central canal and posterior grey commissure[MP]. The anterior (or ventral) white commissure, also known as the alba anterior medullae spinalis, is a bundle of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord just anterior to the gray commissure. A N4 fibers and C fibers carrying pain sensation in the spinothalamic tract contribute to this commissure, as do fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract, which carry motor signals from the primary motor cortex[WP]. MP:0009695 spinal cord anterior commissure trigeminothalamic tract FMA:83852 UBERON:0004171 the trigeminothalamic tract is one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face uberon GO:0021974 the trigeminothalamic tract is one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face pons reticulospinal tract SCTID:362404001 UBERON:0004172 axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord. uberon GO:0021975 axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord. medulla reticulospinal tract FMA:73989 UBERON:0004173 axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]. medullary reticulospinal tract uberon GO:0021976 axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]. FMA:73989 medullary reticulospinal tract leg joint Joint in the leg. For example the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur UBERON:0004174 joint of leg joint of lower limb uberon GO:0035111 Joint in the leg. For example the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur OBOL:automatic joint of leg OBOL:automatic joint of lower limb internal reproductive organ FMA:45652 The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals UBERON:0004175 internal genitalia internal reproductive organ internal sex organ uberon GO:0035260 The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals external reproductive organ FMA:45643 SCTID:362207005 The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals UBERON:0004176 external genitalia external reproductive organ external sex organ uberon GO:0035261 The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals hemopoietic organ BTO:0004605 FMA:7143 Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. UBERON:0004177 haematological system organ haemopoietic system organ hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ hematopoietic system organ lymphoid organ note that the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term organ of haematological system organ of haemopoietic system organ of hematopoietic system organ of organa haemopoietica organa haemopoietica organ uberon OBOL:automatic organ of hematopoietic system OBOL:automatic organ of haematological system OBOL:automatic organa haemopoietica organ GOC:Obol Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. OBOL:automatic haemopoietic system organ OBOL:automatic haematological system organ OBOL:automatic hematopoietic system organ BTO:0004605 FMA:7143 lymphoid organ OBOL:automatic organ of haemopoietic system OBOL:automatic organ of organa haemopoietica aorta smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an aorta [Obol]. BTO:0001685 EFO:0002775 MA:0000702 UBERON:0004178 adult aorta involuntary muscle adult aorta non-striated muscle adult aorta smooth muscle adult aorta smooth muscle tissue aorta involuntary muscle aorta non-striated muscle aorta smooth muscle aortic smooth muscle dorsal aorta involuntary muscle dorsal aorta non-striated muscle dorsal aorta smooth muscle dorsal aorta smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of adult aorta involuntary muscle of aorta involuntary muscle of dorsal aorta involuntary muscle of trunk of aortic tree ncithesaurus:Aorta_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue non-striated muscle of adult aorta non-striated muscle of aorta non-striated muscle of dorsal aorta non-striated muscle of trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle of adult aorta smooth muscle of aorta smooth muscle of dorsal aorta smooth muscle of trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle tissue of adult aorta smooth muscle tissue of aorta smooth muscle tissue of dorsal aorta smooth muscle tissue of trunk of aortic tree trunk of aortic tree involuntary muscle trunk of aortic tree non-striated muscle trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle tissue uberon OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta non-striated muscle BTO:0001685 aortic smooth muscle OBOL:automatic adult aorta non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic aorta smooth muscle OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic adult aorta smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of adult aorta OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta smooth muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic adult aorta smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of adult aorta OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of aorta OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of aorta OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of aorta OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic aorta involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of aorta OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic aorta non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of adult aorta OBOL:automatic adult aorta involuntary muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an aorta [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of adult aorta prostate glandular acinus A saclike structure of the prostate gland, comprised of at least three cell layers: an innermost layer of secretory columnar luminal epithelium, a middle layer of squamous basal epithelium that also contains neuroendocrine cells, transit amplifying cells, and stem cells, and an outer layer of smooth muscle intermixed with other stromal cells Concurrent with branching morphogenesis, the solid cords of epithelium formed by budding arborize and differentiate postnatally into glandular acin. The basic prostate architecture is established by puberty and acquires secretory function thereafter[PMID:18977204] FMA:66808 UBERON:0004179 prostatic acinus prostatic follicle uberon GO PMID:18977204 FMA:66808 prostatic follicle FMA FMA:66808 prostatic acinus A saclike structure of the prostate gland, comprised of at least three cell layers: an innermost layer of secretory columnar luminal epithelium, a middle layer of squamous basal epithelium that also contains neuroendocrine cells, transit amplifying cells, and stem cells, and an outer layer of smooth muscle intermixed with other stromal cells GO:0060525 PMID:18977204 mammary gland fat MA:0002911 The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts UBERON:0004180 adipose tissue of lactiferous gland adipose tissue of lobe of breast adipose tissue of lobe of mammary gland adipose tissue of mammary gland fat tissue of lactiferous gland fat tissue of lobe of breast fat tissue of lobe of mammary gland fat tissue of mammary gland fatty tissue of lactiferous gland fatty tissue of lobe of breast fatty tissue of lobe of mammary gland fatty tissue of mammary gland lactiferous gland adipose tissue lactiferous gland fat tissue lactiferous gland fatty tissue lobe of breast adipose tissue lobe of breast fat tissue lobe of breast fatty tissue lobe of mammary gland adipose tissue lobe of mammary gland fat tissue lobe of mammary gland fatty tissue mammary gland adipose tissue mammary gland fat tissue mammary gland fatty tissue uberon OBOL:automatic mammary gland adipose tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland adipose tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast adipose tissue OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland fatty tissue OBOL:automatic fat tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of lobe of breast GO:0060611 The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic mammary gland fatty tissue OBOL:automatic fat tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland fat tissue OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland fatty tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland fat tissue OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of breast fatty tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast fat tissue OBOL:automatic fat tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic fat tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic mammary gland fat tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland adipose tissue mammary gland cord Mammary gland cords form when the mammary gland bud invades the mammary fat TODO - mammary placode UBERON:0004182 uberon GO:0060652 Mammary gland cords form when the mammary gland bud invades the mammary fat labyrinthine layer blood vessel The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply UBERON:0004183 blood vessel of labyrinthine layer blood vessel of labyrinthine layer of placenta blood vessel of placenta labyrinth labyrinthine layer of placenta blood vessel placenta labyrinth blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of labyrinthine layer of placenta OBOL:automatic blood vessel of placenta labyrinth OBOL:automatic labyrinthine layer of placenta blood vessel GO:0060716 The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply OBOL:automatic placenta labyrinth blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of labyrinthine layer prostate gland stroma FMA:45719 MA:0002912 TODO - check also FMA Stroma of glandular part of prostate The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland UBERON:0004184 UBERON:0005084 ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Stroma prostate stroma prostatic stroma stroma of glandular part of prostate stroma of prostate stroma of prostate gland uberon FMA:45719 prostatic stroma FMA:74349 OBOL:automatic stroma of glandular part of prostate OBOL:automatic stroma of prostate OBOL:automatic stroma of prostate gland GO:0060741 The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland OBOL:automatic prostate stroma endodermal gut A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. UBERON:0004185 uberon A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. GO:0061031 olfactory bulb mitral cell layer BTO:0001108 MA:0000973 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100201 The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer UBERON:0004186 mitral cell body layer mitral cell layer note that NIF divides this into main and accessory olfactory bulb main mitral cell body layer uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100201 mitral cell body layer BTO:0001108 mitral cell layer GO:0061034 The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100201 olfactory bulb main mitral cell body layer Harderian gland BTO:0000557 EMAPA:19153 GAID:1219 Harder's gland MA:0001247 MESH:A.13.445 SCTID:41474005 The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species[GO]. An accessory lacrimal gland on the inner side of the orbit in reptiles and birds but usually degenerate in mammals[BTO]. UBERON:0004187 ncithesaurus:Harderian_Gland uberon GO:0070384 The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species[GO]. An accessory lacrimal gland on the inner side of the orbit in reptiles and birds but usually degenerate in mammals[BTO]. glomerular epithelium BTO:0001515 MA:0002847 TODO - check - GO says outer, BTO says inner. Make this a superclass The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. UBERON:0004188 epithelium of glomerulus epithelium of kidney glomerulus epithelium of renal glomerulus glomerular epithelial cell kidney glomerular epithelium uberon GO:0072010 The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. MA:0002847 kidney glomerular epithelium BTO:0001515 glomerular epithelial cell glomerular endothelium BTO:0004631 The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus UBERON:0004189 endothelium of renal glomerulus renal glomerulus endothelium uberon OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of renal glomerulus GO:0072011 The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus glomerulus vasculature The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus UBERON:0004190 renal glomerulus vascular network renal glomerulus vasculature uberon vascular network of renal glomerulus vasculature of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic vascular network of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus vascular network OBOL:automatic vasculature of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus vasculature GO:0072012 The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus loop of Henle ascending limb thin segment A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water EMAPA:28328 EMAPA:28361 FMA:17720 MA:0001678 UBERON:0004193 ascending limb thin segment of loop of Henle ascending thin limb check relationship to distal tubule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png pars ascendens (tubulus attenuatus) thin ascending limb thin ascending limb of loop of Henle uberon A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water GO:0072021 Wikipedia:Thin_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle FMA:17720 pars ascendens (tubulus attenuatus) FMA:17720 ascending thin limb EMAPA:28328 thin ascending limb long nephron Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend to the inner medulla UBERON:0004194 juxtamedullary nephron ncithesaurus:Juxtamedullary_Nephron uberon GO:0072029 Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend to the inner medulla GO:0072029 http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3031362&group_id=36855&atid=440764 juxtamedullary nephron short nephron Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical glomeruli, and have no short ascending limb, so the limb is situated in the outer medulla UBERON:0004195 uberon GO:0072030 Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical glomeruli, and have no short ascending limb, so the limb is situated in the outer medulla proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 EMAPA:29657 MA:0002612 S1 S1 portion of renal tubule S1 portion of tubule The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. UBERON:0004196 UBERON:0006432 segment 1 of proximal tubule uberon EMAPA:29657 segment 1 of proximal tubule GO:0072031 S1 GO GO:0072031 The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3298740&group_id=36855 proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 EMAPA:29659 MA:0002613 S2 S2 portion of renal tubule S2 portion of tubule The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride[GO]. UBERON:0004197 UBERON:0006433 segment 2 of proximal tubule uberon GO:0072032 The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride[GO]. GO GO:0072032 S2 EMAPA:29659 segment 2 of proximal tubule comma-shaped body EMAPA:27681 EMAPA:27835 The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron UBERON:0004198 ZFA:0005588 uberon ZFA cjm GO:0072049 The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron S-shaped body EMAPA:27756 EMAPA:27853 TODO The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron UBERON:0004199 ZFA:0005589 stage II nephron uberon GO GO:0072050 The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron cjm http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Renal_vesicle.html stage II nephron kidney pyramid BTO:0003926 FMA:258870 Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]. One of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; collectively, they constitute the renal medulla, and contain part of the secreting tubules and the collecting tubules[BTO]. Renal pyramids (or malpighian pyramids) are cone-shaped tissues of the kidney. The renal medulla is made up of 8 to 18 of these conical subdivisions. The broad base of each pyramid faces the renal cortex, and its apex, or papilla, points internally. The pyramids appear striped because they are formed by straight parallel segments of nephrons. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001654 SCTID:361328001 UBERON:0002449 UBERON:0004200 UBERON:0005098 UBERON:MA_0001654-FMA_258870 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png malphigian pyramid malpighian pyramid medullary pyramid ncithesaurus:Pyramid_of_Malpighi ncithesaurus:Renal_Pyramid not the same as FMA:50609 Pyramid (which is a volume / dimensional entity) pyramid pyramid of Malphigi pyramides renales pyramis renalis renal pyramid uberon Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids renal pyramid ncithesaurus:Pyramid_of_Malpighi pyramid of Malphigi Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids pyramides renales Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids malpighian pyramid BTO:0003926 pyramis renalis BTO:0003926 GO:0072056 Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]. One of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; collectively, they constitute the renal medulla, and contain part of the secreting tubules and the collecting tubules[BTO]. Renal pyramids (or malpighian pyramids) are cone-shaped tissues of the kidney. The renal medulla is made up of 8 to 18 of these conical subdivisions. The broad base of each pyramid faces the renal cortex, and its apex, or papilla, points internally. The pyramids appear striped because they are formed by straight parallel segments of nephrons. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids BTO:0003926 malphigian pyramid GO:0072056 pyramid kidney outer medulla inner stripe EMAPA:29675 FMA:76663 MA:0002626 The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thick and thin portions of nephron tubules UBERON:0004201 inner stripe inner stripe of medulla of kidney inner stripe of outer medulla inner stripe of renal medulla outer medulla inner stripe stria interna medullae renalis uberon EMAPA:29675 inner stripe of outer medulla GO:0072057 The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thick and thin portions of nephron tubules MA:0002626 outer medulla inner stripe FMA:76663 FMA:TA stria interna medullae renalis FMA:76663 inner stripe of renal medulla GO:0072057 inner stripe FMA:76663 inner stripe of medulla of kidney kidney outer medulla outer stripe EMAPA:29663 FMA:76662 MA:0002629 The outer stripe is the region of the kidney that lies distal to the line of termination of the straight renal tubules UBERON:0004202 outer medulla outer stripe outer stripe outer stripe of medulla of kidney outer stripe of outer medulla outer stripe of renal medulla stria externa medullae renalis uberon EMAPA:29663 outer stripe of outer medulla GO:0072058 The outer stripe is the region of the kidney that lies distal to the line of termination of the straight renal tubules FMA:76662 outer stripe of renal medulla FMA:76662 outer stripe of medulla of kidney MA:0002629 outer medulla outer stripe FMA:76662 FMA:TA stria externa medullae renalis GO:0072058 outer stripe cortical collecting duct BTO:0002643 EMAPA:28130 The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex UBERON:0004203 uberon GO:0072059 The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex outer medullary collecting duct EMAPA:28346 The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla UBERON:0004204 uberon GO:0072060 The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla inner medullary collecting duct BTO:0004544 EMAPA:28370 The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla UBERON:0004205 uberon GO:0072061 The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla long descending thin limb bend The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment UBERON:0004206 uberon GO:0072065 The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment prebend segment The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits robust sodium chloride reabsorption UBERON:0004207 uberon GO:0072066 The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits robust sodium chloride reabsorption GO nephrogenic mesenchyme Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron The detailed events associated with the differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are somewhat complex. It has been suggested that each terminal branch of the ureteric bud stimulates the associated cap mesenchyme tissue to form a renal vesicle (the most primitive stage of nephron development: a stage I nephron). This then elongates, becomes a comma-shaped and then an S-shaped body (stage II nephron), and makes contact with and fuses with the distal component of the ureteric bud. The latter then forms the collecting duct. One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman’s capsule (also termed the glomerular capsule). Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus. The inner epithelial layer of the Bowman’s capsule (also called the visceral epithelium, or podocyte layer because it consists of podocytes) is closely apposed to the endothelial glomerulus. Together, the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. The rest of the nephron elongates to form components of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule. The distal pole of the developing nephron connects to the ureteric bud that induced it at an early stage of nephron/ collecting duct development, before differentiation of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule are complete. This connection allows the excretory products produced by the kidney to be removed and subsequently transferred, via the ureter, into the bladder where they are stored until it is appropriate to empty the bladder. [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron] UBERON:0004208 mesenchyme of nephron nephron mesenchyme uberon GO:0072076 Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron OBOL:automatic nephron mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of nephron renal vesicle Editor notes: note that this class includes both metanephric and mesonephric vesicles - ZFA and EHDAA2 associations are placed with these classes. TODO - make a more specific develops_from relationship - see UBERON:0005107 The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. UBERON:0004209 stage I nephron uberon GO:0072077 The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. EHDAA2 ZFA:0005586 http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Renal_vesicle.html stage I nephron nephron epithelium The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron UBERON:0004211 epithelial tissue of nephron epithelium of nephron nephron epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic nephron epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nephron GO:0072088 The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron OBOL:automatic epithelium of nephron glomerular capillary A capillary that is part of a renal glomerulus [Obol]. EMAPA:28245 MA:0002587 TAO:0005284 UBERON:0004212 ZFA:0005284 blood capillary of renal glomerulus capillary of renal glomerulus capillary vessel of renal glomerulus glomerular capillary system ncithesaurus:Glomerular_Capillary renal glomerulus blood capillary renal glomerulus capillary renal glomerulus capillary vessel uberon A capillary that is part of a renal glomerulus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic capillary of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of renal glomerulus MA:0002587 glomerular capillary system OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus blood capillary OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus capillary vessel OBOL:automatic blood capillary of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus capillary upper leg nerve A nerve that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000685 Proximal segment of free lower limb nerve UBERON:0004214 hind limb stylopod nerve hindlimb stylopod nerve inferior member stylopod nerve lower extremity stylopod nerve nerve of Proximal segment of free lower limb nerve of hind limb stylopod nerve of hindlimb stylopod nerve of inferior member stylopod nerve of lower extremity stylopod nerve of stylopod of hind limb nerve of stylopod of hindlimb nerve of stylopod of inferior member nerve of stylopod of lower extremity nerve of stylopod of lower limb nerve of thigh nerve of upper leg stylopod of hind limb nerve stylopod of hindlimb nerve stylopod of inferior member nerve stylopod of lower extremity nerve stylopod of lower limb nerve thigh nerve uberon OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hind limb stylopod A nerve that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic nerve of inferior member stylopod OBOL:automatic nerve of upper leg OBOL:automatic inferior member stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic stylopod of hindlimb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hindlimb stylopod OBOL:automatic lower extremity stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic stylopod of inferior member nerve OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of Proximal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic nerve of thigh OBOL:automatic stylopod of hind limb nerve OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free lower limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of lower limb OBOL:automatic nerve of lower extremity stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower extremity nerve OBOL:automatic thigh nerve OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod nerve back nerve A nerve that is part of a back [Obol]. MA:0000497 UBERON:0004215 nerve of back uberon OBOL:automatic nerve of back A nerve that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lower arm nerve A nerve that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. MA:0000601 UBERON:0004216 antebrachial region nerve arm middle limb segment nerve arm zeugopod nerve brachial region middle limb segment nerve brachial region zeugopod nerve intermediate segment of free upper limb nerve lower segment of arm nerve middle limb segment of arm nerve middle limb segment of brachial region nerve middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve nerve of antebrachial region nerve of arm middle limb segment nerve of arm zeugopod nerve of brachial region middle limb segment nerve of brachial region zeugopod nerve of intermediate segment of free upper limb nerve of lower arm nerve of lower segment of arm nerve of middle limb segment of arm nerve of middle limb segment of brachial region nerve of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod nerve of zeugopod of arm nerve of zeugopod of brachial region nerve of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment nerve proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod nerve uberon zeugopod of arm nerve zeugopod of brachial region nerve zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm nerve OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm nerve OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod nerve OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve A nerve that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic nerve of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of lower arm OBOL:automatic nerve of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm nerve OBOL:automatic antebrachial region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of intermediate segment of free upper limb upper arm nerve A nerve that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000607 Proximal segment of free upper limb nerve UBERON:0004217 arm stylopod nerve brachial region stylopod nerve nerve of Proximal segment of free upper limb nerve of arm stylopod nerve of brachial region stylopod nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod nerve of stylopod of arm nerve of stylopod of brachial region nerve of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve of upper arm proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod nerve stylopod of arm nerve stylopod of brachial region nerve stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve uberon OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic stylopod of brachial region nerve OBOL:automatic brachial region stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of Proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic nerve of arm stylopod OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of arm OBOL:automatic arm stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of arm nerve OBOL:automatic stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve A nerve that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of upper arm OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic nerve of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic nerve of brachial region stylopod OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod nerve lower leg nerve A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. MA:0000679 UBERON:0004218 hind limb middle limb segment nerve hind limb zeugopod nerve hindlimb middle limb segment nerve hindlimb zeugopod nerve inferior member middle limb segment nerve inferior member zeugopod nerve intermediate segment of free lower limb nerve lower extremity middle limb segment nerve lower extremity zeugopod nerve middle limb segment of hind limb nerve middle limb segment of hindlimb nerve middle limb segment of inferior member nerve middle limb segment of lower extremity nerve nerve of hind limb middle limb segment nerve of hind limb zeugopod nerve of hindlimb middle limb segment nerve of hindlimb zeugopod nerve of inferior member middle limb segment nerve of inferior member zeugopod nerve of intermediate segment of free lower limb nerve of lower extremity middle limb segment nerve of lower extremity zeugopod nerve of lower leg nerve of middle limb segment of hind limb nerve of middle limb segment of hindlimb nerve of middle limb segment of inferior member nerve of middle limb segment of lower extremity nerve of zeugopod of hind limb nerve of zeugopod of hindlimb nerve of zeugopod of inferior member nerve of zeugopod of leg nerve of zeugopod of lower extremity uberon zeugopod of hind limb nerve zeugopod of hindlimb nerve zeugopod of inferior member nerve zeugopod of leg nerve zeugopod of lower extremity nerve OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic nerve of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb nerve OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity nerve OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb nerve OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of lower leg OBOL:automatic nerve of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic nerve of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic nerve of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member nerve OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod nerve OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod nerve A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb nerve OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic nerve of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic nerve of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod nerve urethra smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Obol]. MA:0001691 UBERON:0004219 involuntary muscle of urethra non-striated muscle of urethra smooth muscle of urethra smooth muscle tissue of urethra uberon urethra involuntary muscle urethra non-striated muscle urethra smooth muscle tissue urethral smooth muscle OBOL:automatic urethra non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of urethra OBOL:automatic urethra involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of urethra OBOL:automatic urethra smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of urethra MA:0001691 urethral smooth muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of urethra large intestine smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. MA:0001547 UBERON:0004220 involuntary muscle of large intestine large intestine involuntary muscle large intestine non-striated muscle large intestine smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of large intestine smooth muscle of large intestine smooth muscle tissue of large intestine uberon OBOL:automatic large intestine involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic large intestine non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of large intestine OBOL:automatic large intestine smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of large intestine OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of large intestine A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of large intestine intestine smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Obol]. BTO:0000643 MA:0001539 UBERON:0004221 WBbt:0005796 bowel involuntary muscle bowel non-striated muscle bowel smooth muscle bowel smooth muscle tissue intestine involuntary muscle intestine non-striated muscle intestine smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bowel involuntary muscle of intestine ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue non-striated muscle of bowel non-striated muscle of intestine smooth muscle of bowel smooth muscle of intestine smooth muscle tissue of bowel smooth muscle tissue of intestine uberon OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bowel OBOL:automatic intestine involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bowel OBOL:automatic bowel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic intestine non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic intestine smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bowel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bowel A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bowel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of intestine OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of intestine OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of intestine OBOL:automatic bowel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of intestine OBOL:automatic bowel smooth muscle stomach smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Obol]. BTO:0001818 MA:0001627 UBERON:0004222 gastric muscle gastric smooth muscle involuntary muscle of stomach involuntary muscle of ventriculus non-striated muscle of stomach non-striated muscle of ventriculus smooth muscle of stomach smooth muscle of ventriculus smooth muscle tissue of stomach smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus stomach involuntary muscle stomach muscle stomach non-striated muscle stomach smooth muscle tissue uberon ventriculus involuntary muscle ventriculus non-striated muscle ventriculus smooth muscle ventriculus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic ventriculus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of stomach MA:0001627 gastric smooth muscle OBOL:automatic stomach non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic ventriculus smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic stomach involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic ventriculus involuntary muscle BTO:0001818 stomach muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of ventriculus OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of stomach OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of stomach OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of stomach OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of ventriculus OBOL:automatic ventriculus smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of ventriculus OBOL:automatic stomach smooth muscle tissue BTO:0001818 gastric muscle vagina smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Obol]. BTO:0004999 MA:0001733 UBERON:0004223 involuntary muscle of vagina non-striated muscle of vagina smooth muscle of vagina smooth muscle tissue of vagina uberon vagina involuntary muscle vagina non-striated muscle vagina smooth muscle vagina smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic vagina non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of vagina OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of vagina OBOL:automatic vagina smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of vagina BTO:0004999 vagina smooth muscle OBOL:automatic vagina involuntary muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of vagina vas deferens smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. EMAPA:29270 FMA:19239 MA:0001750 SCTID:299705008 UBERON:0004224 muscle layer of deferent duct muscle layer of ductus deferens muscle layer of vas deferens muscular coat of ductus deferens muscular layer of ductus deferens muscularis of vas deferens todo - check MA and FMA classes mean the same thing tunica muscularis (Ductus deferens) tunica muscularis ductus deferentis uberon FMA:19239 muscular coat of ductus deferens FMA:19239 muscle layer of deferent duct FMA:19239 tunica muscularis (Ductus deferens) FMA:19239 FMA:TA tunica muscularis ductus deferentis FMA:19239 muscle layer of vas deferens FMA:19239 muscularis of vas deferens FMA:19239 muscle layer of ductus deferens FMA:19239 muscular layer of ductus deferens A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001830 UBERON:0004225 apparatus respiratorius involuntary muscle apparatus respiratorius non-striated muscle apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of apparatus respiratorius involuntary muscle of respiratory system non-striated muscle of apparatus respiratorius non-striated muscle of respiratory system respiratory system involuntary muscle respiratory system non-striated muscle respiratory system smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle of respiratory system smooth muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle tissue of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of apparatus respiratorius A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of respiratory system OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system smooth muscle tissue gastrointestinal system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. MA:0001523 UBERON:0004226 digestive system involuntary muscle digestive system non-striated muscle digestive system smooth muscle digestive system smooth muscle tissue gastrointestinal system involuntary muscle gastrointestinal system non-striated muscle gastrointestinal system smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of digestive system involuntary muscle of gastrointestinal system non-striated muscle of digestive system non-striated muscle of gastrointestinal system smooth muscle of digestive system smooth muscle of gastrointestinal system smooth muscle tissue of digestive system smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic digestive system non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic digestive system smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic digestive system smooth muscle OBOL:automatic digestive system involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of digestive system OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of digestive system OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of digestive system OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of digestive system kidney pelvis smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a renal pelvis [Obol]. FMA:262022 MA:0002631 UBERON:0004227 involuntary muscle of kidney pelvis involuntary muscle of pelvis of ureter involuntary muscle of renal pelvis kidney pelvis involuntary muscle kidney pelvis non-striated muscle kidney pelvis smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of kidney pelvis non-striated muscle of pelvis of ureter non-striated muscle of renal pelvis pelvis of ureter involuntary muscle pelvis of ureter non-striated muscle pelvis of ureter smooth muscle pelvis of ureter smooth muscle tissue renal pelvis involuntary muscle renal pelvis non-striated muscle renal pelvis smooth muscle renal pelvis smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of kidney pelvis smooth muscle of pelvis of ureter smooth muscle of renal pelvis smooth muscle tissue of kidney pelvis smooth muscle tissue of pelvis of ureter smooth muscle tissue of renal pelvis uberon OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter smooth muscle OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of renal pelvis A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a renal pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic renal pelvis smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic renal pelvis smooth muscle OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic renal pelvis involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic renal pelvis non-striated muscle urinary bladder smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. BTO:0001849 MA:0001697 UBERON:0004228 bladder involuntary muscle bladder non-striated muscle bladder smooth muscle bladder smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bladder involuntary muscle of urinary bladder non-striated muscle of bladder non-striated muscle of urinary bladder smooth muscle of bladder smooth muscle of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue of bladder smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder uberon urinary bladder involuntary muscle urinary bladder non-striated muscle urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic urinary bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bladder smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic urinary bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bladder urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Obol]. Lieutaud's trigone involuntary muscle Lieutaud's trigone non-striated muscle Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle tissue MA:0001700 UBERON:0004229 deep trigone involuntary muscle deep trigone non-striated muscle deep trigone smooth muscle deep trigone smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of Lieutaud's trigone involuntary muscle of deep trigone involuntary muscle of trigone of bladder involuntary muscle of trigone of urinary bladder involuntary muscle of urinary bladder trigone involuntary muscle of vesical trigone non-striated muscle of Lieutaud's trigone non-striated muscle of deep trigone non-striated muscle of trigone of bladder non-striated muscle of trigone of urinary bladder non-striated muscle of urinary bladder trigone non-striated muscle of vesical trigone smooth muscle of Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle of deep trigone smooth muscle of trigone of bladder smooth muscle of trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle of urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle of vesical trigone smooth muscle tissue of Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle tissue of deep trigone smooth muscle tissue of trigone of bladder smooth muscle tissue of trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle tissue of vesical trigone trigone of bladder involuntary muscle trigone of bladder non-striated muscle trigone of bladder smooth muscle trigone of bladder smooth muscle tissue trigone of urinary bladder involuntary muscle trigone of urinary bladder non-striated muscle trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue uberon urinary bladder trigone involuntary muscle urinary bladder trigone non-striated muscle urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle tissue vesical trigone involuntary muscle vesical trigone non-striated muscle vesical trigone smooth muscle vesical trigone smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of trigone of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of deep trigone Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic deep trigone smooth muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of Lieutaud's trigone OBOL:automatic vesical trigone smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of deep trigone Lieutaud's trigone involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of trigone of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of urinary bladder trigone OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of trigone of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic deep trigone involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic vesical trigone smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of deep trigone Lieutaud's trigone non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of Lieutaud's trigone OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder trigone OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of Lieutaud's trigone OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic vesical trigone involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic vesical trigone non-striated muscle Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic deep trigone non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of deep trigone OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of urinary bladder trigone OBOL:automatic deep trigone smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of trigone of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of urinary bladder trigone OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of Lieutaud's trigone A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone non-striated muscle urinary bladder neck smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Obol]. MA:0001699 UBERON:0004230 bladder neck involuntary muscle bladder neck non-striated muscle bladder neck smooth muscle bladder neck smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bladder neck involuntary muscle of neck of bladder involuntary muscle of neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle of urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle of vesical neck neck of bladder involuntary muscle neck of bladder non-striated muscle neck of bladder smooth muscle neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of bladder neck non-striated muscle of neck of bladder non-striated muscle of neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle of urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle of vesical neck smooth muscle of bladder neck smooth muscle of neck of bladder smooth muscle of neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle of urinary bladder neck smooth muscle of vesical neck smooth muscle tissue of bladder neck smooth muscle tissue of neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue of neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue of vesical neck uberon urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue vesical neck involuntary muscle vesical neck non-striated muscle vesical neck smooth muscle vesical neck smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic bladder neck smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bladder neck OBOL:automatic bladder neck non-striated muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of vesical neck OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic neck of bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic bladder neck involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of vesical neck OBOL:automatic vesical neck smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of vesical neck OBOL:automatic neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic bladder neck smooth muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bladder neck OBOL:automatic vesical neck non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bladder neck OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic vesical neck involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic neck of bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic neck of bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of vesical neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bladder neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic vesical neck smooth muscle anal region smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Obol]. MA:0001532 UBERON:0004231 anal part of perineum involuntary muscle anal part of perineum non-striated muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue anal region involuntary muscle anal region non-striated muscle anal region smooth muscle tissue anal triangle involuntary muscle anal triangle non-striated muscle anal triangle smooth muscle anal triangle smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum involuntary muscle of anal region involuntary muscle of anal triangle non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum non-striated muscle of anal region non-striated muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle of anal part of perineum smooth muscle of anal region smooth muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue of anal region smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle uberon OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic anal triangle smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of anal triangle OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic anal triangle smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of anal triangle OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of anal triangle OBOL:automatic anal triangle involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of anal region OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic anal region smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic anal region involuntary muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic anal triangle non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic anal region non-striated muscle lymphatic vessel smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Obol]. MA:0000751 UBERON:0004232 involuntary muscle of lymph vessel involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel lymph vessel involuntary muscle lymph vessel non-striated muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue non-striated muscle of lymph vessel non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle of lymph vessel smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel uberon OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic lymph vessel smooth muscle OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic lymph vessel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic lymph vessel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel lower respiratory tract smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. MA:0002410 UBERON:0004233 involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract uberon OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract iris smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Obol]. BTO:0000655 MA:0001270 UBERON:0004234 involuntary muscle of iris iris involuntary muscle iris non-striated muscle iris smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of iris smooth muscle of iris smooth muscle tissue of iris uberon OBOL:automatic iris non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of iris OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of iris A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic iris involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of iris OBOL:automatic iris smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of iris mammary gland smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lactiferous gland [Obol]. MA:0000795 UBERON:0004235 involuntary muscle of lactiferous gland involuntary muscle of lobe of breast involuntary muscle of lobe of mammary gland involuntary muscle of mammary gland lactiferous gland involuntary muscle lactiferous gland non-striated muscle lactiferous gland smooth muscle lactiferous gland smooth muscle tissue lobe of breast involuntary muscle lobe of breast non-striated muscle lobe of breast smooth muscle lobe of breast smooth muscle tissue lobe of mammary gland involuntary muscle lobe of mammary gland non-striated muscle lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle tissue mammary gland involuntary muscle mammary gland non-striated muscle mammary gland smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of lactiferous gland non-striated muscle of lobe of breast non-striated muscle of lobe of mammary gland non-striated muscle of mammary gland smooth muscle of lactiferous gland smooth muscle of lobe of breast smooth muscle of lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle of mammary gland smooth muscle tissue of lactiferous gland smooth muscle tissue of lobe of breast smooth muscle tissue of lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle tissue of mammary gland uberon OBOL:automatic lobe of breast smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lactiferous gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic lobe of breast non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lobe of breast involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic mammary gland involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of mammary gland OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic mammary gland non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of mammary gland OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic mammary gland smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of mammary gland arteriole smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Obol]. MA:0000706 UBERON:0004236 uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel smooth muscle BTO:0001431 Function notes: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension. MA:0000710 MESH:A.02.633.570.491 TAO:0005321 UBERON:0004237 UBERON:0010508 ZFA:0005321 blood vessel involuntary muscle blood vessel non-striated muscle blood vessel smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of blood vessel ncithesaurus:Vascular_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue non-striated muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. smooth muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel uberon vascular smooth muscle vascular smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic blood vessel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic blood vessel smooth muscle tissue ZFA:0005321 vascular smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of blood vessel Wikipedia:Vascular_smooth_muscle smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. spleen smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Obol]. MA:0000757 UBERON:0004238 involuntary muscle of spleen non-striated muscle of spleen smooth muscle of spleen smooth muscle tissue of spleen spleen involuntary muscle spleen non-striated muscle spleen smooth muscle tissue uberon OBOL:automatic spleen smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic spleen involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of spleen OBOL:automatic spleen non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of spleen OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of spleen OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of spleen A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic small intestine smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. MA:0001559 UBERON:0004239 involuntary muscle of small bowel involuntary muscle of small intestine non-striated muscle of small bowel non-striated muscle of small intestine small bowel involuntary muscle small bowel non-striated muscle small bowel smooth muscle small bowel smooth muscle tissue small intestine involuntary muscle small intestine non-striated muscle small intestine smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of small bowel smooth muscle of small intestine smooth muscle tissue of small bowel smooth muscle tissue of small intestine uberon OBOL:automatic small intestine involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic small intestine non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of small bowel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of small bowel OBOL:automatic small bowel smooth muscle OBOL:automatic small intestine smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic small bowel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of small bowel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of small intestine OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of small bowel OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of small intestine gall bladder smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. MA:0001635 UBERON:0004240 biliary smooth muscle gall bladder involuntary muscle gall bladder non-striated muscle gall bladder smooth muscle tissue gallbladder involuntary muscle gallbladder non-striated muscle gallbladder smooth muscle gallbladder smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of gall bladder involuntary muscle of gallbladder ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue non-striated muscle of gall bladder non-striated muscle of gallbladder smooth muscle of gall bladder smooth muscle of gallbladder smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder uberon OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of gallbladder OBOL:automatic gallbladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of gall bladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of gall bladder OBOL:automatic gall bladder involuntary muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gallbladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of gallbladder OBOL:automatic gallbladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic gall bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic gall bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of gallbladder MA:0001635 biliary smooth muscle OBOL:automatic gallbladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of gall bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder main bronchus smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001848 UBERON:0004241 bronchus principalis involuntary muscle bronchus principalis non-striated muscle bronchus principalis smooth muscle bronchus principalis smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bronchus principalis involuntary muscle of main bronchus involuntary muscle of primary bronchus involuntary muscle of principal bronchus main bronchus involuntary muscle main bronchus non-striated muscle main bronchus smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of bronchus principalis non-striated muscle of main bronchus non-striated muscle of primary bronchus non-striated muscle of principal bronchus primary bronchus involuntary muscle primary bronchus non-striated muscle primary bronchus smooth muscle primary bronchus smooth muscle tissue principal bronchus involuntary muscle principal bronchus non-striated muscle principal bronchus smooth muscle principal bronchus smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of bronchus principalis smooth muscle of main bronchus smooth muscle of primary bronchus smooth muscle of principal bronchus smooth muscle tissue of bronchus principalis smooth muscle tissue of main bronchus smooth muscle tissue of primary bronchus smooth muscle tissue of principal bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of main bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus smooth muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic main bronchus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of main bronchus OBOL:automatic principal bronchus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic principal bronchus smooth muscle OBOL:automatic main bronchus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic main bronchus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic principal bronchus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of primary bronchus A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of main bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic primary bronchus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of main bronchus OBOL:automatic principal bronchus non-striated muscle bronchus smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001840 UBERON:0004242 bronchi involuntary muscle bronchi non-striated muscle bronchi smooth muscle bronchi smooth muscle tissue bronchial trunk involuntary muscle bronchial trunk non-striated muscle bronchial trunk smooth muscle bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue bronchus involuntary muscle bronchus non-striated muscle bronchus smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bronchi involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk involuntary muscle of bronchus ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue non-striated muscle of bronchi non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk non-striated muscle of bronchus smooth muscle of bronchi smooth muscle of bronchial trunk smooth muscle of bronchus smooth muscle tissue of bronchi smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue of bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bronchi OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bronchus OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchi involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchi smooth muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchi non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bronchi smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bronchi OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk smooth muscle OBOL:automatic bronchus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bronchus smooth muscle tissue prostate gland smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Obol]. BTO:0003159 FMA:74245 MA:0001741 UBERON:0004243 involuntary muscle of prostate involuntary muscle of prostate gland muscular tissue of prostate non-striated muscle of prostate non-striated muscle of prostate gland prostate gland involuntary muscle prostate gland non-striated muscle prostate gland smooth muscle tissue prostate involuntary muscle prostate non-striated muscle prostate smooth muscle prostate smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of prostate smooth muscle of prostate gland smooth muscle tissue of prostate smooth muscle tissue of prostate gland substantia muscularis prostatae uberon OBOL:automatic prostate gland smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of prostate OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of prostate gland OBOL:automatic prostate smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic prostate non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of prostate OBOL:automatic prostate smooth muscle FMA:74245 FMA:TA substantia muscularis prostatae OBOL:automatic prostate gland involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of prostate gland OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of prostate A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of prostate gland OBOL:automatic prostate gland non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of prostate FMA:74245 muscular tissue of prostate OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of prostate gland OBOL:automatic prostate involuntary muscle oviduct smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Obol]. MA:0001721 UBERON:0004245 fallopian tube involuntary muscle fallopian tube non-striated muscle fallopian tube smooth muscle fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of fallopian tube non-striated muscle of fallopian tube smooth muscle of fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue of fallopian tube uberon OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic fallopian tube non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic fallopian tube smooth muscle OBOL:automatic fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic fallopian tube involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of fallopian tube outflow tract smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. MA:0000492 UBERON:0004246 involuntary muscle of outflow tract non-striated muscle of outflow tract outflow tract involuntary muscle outflow tract non-striated muscle outflow tract smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of outflow tract smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract OBOL:automatic outflow tract non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic outflow tract involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of outflow tract back bone A bone that is part of a back [Obol]. MA:0000494 UBERON:0004247 back bone organ bone of back bone organ of back uberon OBOL:automatic bone organ of back OBOL:automatic back bone organ A bone that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bone of back foot digit bone A bone that is part of a toe [Obol]. MA:0000646 UBERON:0004248 bone of digit of foot bone of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone of digitus pedis bone of foot digit bone of terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone of toe bone organ of digit of foot bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone organ of digitus pedis bone organ of foot digit bone organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone organ of toe digit of foot bone digit of foot bone organ digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone organ digitus pedis bone digitus pedis bone organ foot digit bone organ terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone organ toe bone toe bone organ uberon OBOL:automatic digit of foot bone organ A bone that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic digit of foot bone OBOL:automatic bone of foot digit OBOL:automatic bone organ of foot digit OBOL:automatic toe bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of toe OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone OBOL:automatic digitus pedis bone OBOL:automatic bone of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic toe bone OBOL:automatic bone of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone OBOL:automatic bone of digit of foot OBOL:automatic bone organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic digitus pedis bone organ OBOL:automatic foot digit bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic bone organ of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of toe OBOL:automatic bone organ of digit of foot OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone organ hand digit bone A bone that is part of a finger [Obol]. MA:0000622 UBERON:0004249 bone of digit of hand bone of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone of digitus manus bone of finger bone of hand digit bone of terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone organ of digit of hand bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone organ of digitus manus bone organ of finger bone organ of hand digit bone organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit digit of hand bone digit of hand bone organ digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone organ digitus manus bone digitus manus bone organ finger bone finger bone organ hand digit bone organ terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone organ uberon OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone organ OBOL:automatic digitus manus bone OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone OBOL:automatic bone of digit of hand OBOL:automatic bone of hand digit OBOL:automatic bone of digitus manus OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of finger OBOL:automatic finger bone organ OBOL:automatic digit of hand bone organ OBOL:automatic hand digit bone organ OBOL:automatic finger bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic digitus manus bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of digitus manus OBOL:automatic bone organ of hand digit OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone A bone that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bone of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic bone of finger OBOL:automatic bone organ of digit of hand OBOL:automatic digit of hand bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb upper arm bone A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000604 Proximal segment of free upper limb bone Proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ UBERON:0004250 arm stylopod bone arm stylopod bone organ bone of Proximal segment of free upper limb bone of arm stylopod bone of brachial region stylopod bone of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone of stylopod of arm bone of stylopod of brachial region bone of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone of upper arm bone organ of Proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ of arm stylopod bone organ of brachial region stylopod bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone organ of stylopod of arm bone organ of stylopod of brachial region bone organ of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ of upper arm brachial region stylopod bone brachial region stylopod bone organ proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone organ stylopod of arm bone stylopod of arm bone organ stylopod of brachial region bone stylopod of brachial region bone organ stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ uberon upper arm bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region stylopod bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of stylopod of arm OBOL:automatic stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of Proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic bone of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of arm bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of arm stylopod A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic brachial region stylopod bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of stylopod of arm OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free upper limb bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ OBOL:automatic arm stylopod bone OBOL:automatic bone of stylopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod OBOL:automatic upper arm bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of brachial region stylopod OBOL:automatic bone of upper arm OBOL:automatic bone organ of stylopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone OBOL:automatic arm stylopod bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of brachial region stylopod OBOL:automatic bone organ of Proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic stylopod of brachial region bone OBOL:automatic stylopod of arm bone OBOL:automatic stylopod of brachial region bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of arm stylopod OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of upper arm lower leg bone A bone that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. MA:0000676 UBERON:0004251 bone of hind limb middle limb segment bone of hind limb zeugopod bone of hindlimb middle limb segment bone of hindlimb zeugopod bone of inferior member middle limb segment bone of inferior member zeugopod bone of intermediate segment of free lower limb bone of lower extremity middle limb segment bone of lower extremity zeugopod bone of lower leg bone of middle limb segment of hind limb bone of middle limb segment of hindlimb bone of middle limb segment of inferior member bone of middle limb segment of lower extremity bone of zeugopod of hind limb bone of zeugopod of hindlimb bone of zeugopod of inferior member bone of zeugopod of leg bone of zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ of hind limb middle limb segment bone organ of hind limb zeugopod bone organ of hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ of hindlimb zeugopod bone organ of inferior member middle limb segment bone organ of inferior member zeugopod bone organ of intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ of lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ of lower extremity zeugopod bone organ of lower leg bone organ of middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ of middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ of middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ of middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ of zeugopod of hind limb bone organ of zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ of zeugopod of inferior member bone organ of zeugopod of leg bone organ of zeugopod of lower extremity hind limb middle limb segment bone hind limb middle limb segment bone organ hind limb zeugopod bone hind limb zeugopod bone organ hindlimb middle limb segment bone hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ hindlimb zeugopod bone hindlimb zeugopod bone organ inferior member middle limb segment bone inferior member middle limb segment bone organ inferior member zeugopod bone inferior member zeugopod bone organ intermediate segment of free lower limb bone intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ lower extremity middle limb segment bone lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ lower extremity zeugopod bone lower extremity zeugopod bone organ lower leg bone organ middle limb segment of hind limb bone middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ middle limb segment of hindlimb bone middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ middle limb segment of inferior member bone middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ middle limb segment of lower extremity bone middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ uberon zeugopod of hind limb bone zeugopod of hind limb bone organ zeugopod of hindlimb bone zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ zeugopod of inferior member bone zeugopod of inferior member bone organ zeugopod of leg bone zeugopod of leg bone organ zeugopod of lower extremity bone zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of lower leg OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic bone of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic bone of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb bone A bone that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone organ of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower leg OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb bone organ OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg bone organ OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower leg bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb bone OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb bone OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity bone hindlimb stylopod muscle A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Obol]. BTO:0001367 FMA:22470 MA:0000684 UBERON:0000374 UBERON:0004252 UBERON:BTO_0001367-FMA_22470 muscle of thigh thigh muscle uberon upper leg muscle FMA:22470 muscle of thigh FMA:22470 thigh muscle MA:0000684 upper leg muscle A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Obol]. OBOL:automatic skin muscle A muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Obol]. MA:0002710 UBERON:0004253 muscle organ of skin skin muscle organ uberon OBOL:automatic skin muscle organ A muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of skin forelimb zeugopod muscle A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Obol]. FMA:37371 MA:0000600 SCTID:181631004 UBERON:0004254 forearm muscle lower arm muscle muscle of forearm uberon A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37371 muscle of forearm MA:0000600 lower arm muscle FMA:37371 forearm muscle forelimb stylopod muscle A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Obol]. FMA:37370 MA:0000606 SCTID:244979005 UBERON:0004255 muscle of arm uberon upper arm muscle A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0000606 upper arm muscle FMA:37370 muscle of arm hindlimb zeugopod muscle A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Obol]. FMA:22471 MA:0000678 UBERON:0004256 lower leg muscle muscle of leg uberon FMA:22471 muscle of leg A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0000678 lower leg muscle upper leg blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000681 UBERON:0004257 blood vessel of stylopod of hind limb blood vessel of stylopod of hindlimb blood vessel of thigh blood vessel of upper leg hind limb stylopod blood vessel hindlimb stylopod blood vessel thigh blood vessel uberon OBOL:automatic blood vessel of thigh OBOL:automatic blood vessel of upper leg OBOL:automatic blood vessel of stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic thigh blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of stylopod of hindlimb back blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a back [Obol]. MA:0000493 UBERON:0004258 blood vessel of back uberon A blood vessel that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic blood vessel of back lower arm blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. MA:0000597 UBERON:0004259 forelimb zeugopod blood vessel uberon A blood vessel that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm forelimb zeugopod blood vessel upper arm blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000603 UBERON:0004260 forelimb stylopod blood vessel uberon UBERON:cjm forelimb stylopod blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lower leg blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. MA:0000675 UBERON:0004261 hindlimb zeugopod blood vessel uberon A blood vessel that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm hindlimb zeugopod blood vessel upper leg skin A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. EMAPA:18159 FMA:37790 MA:0000686 Proximal segment of free lower limb skin SCTID:181547006 UBERON:0004262 hind limb stylopod skin hindlimb stylopod skin inferior member stylopod skin lower extremity stylopod skin skin of Proximal segment of free lower limb skin of hind limb stylopod skin of hindlimb stylopod skin of inferior member stylopod skin of lower extremity stylopod skin of stylopod of hind limb skin of stylopod of hindlimb skin of stylopod of inferior member skin of stylopod of lower extremity skin of stylopod of lower limb skin of thigh skin of upper leg stylopod of hind limb skin stylopod of hindlimb skin stylopod of inferior member skin stylopod of lower extremity skin stylopod of lower limb skin thigh skin uberon OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower limb skin OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower extremity skin OBOL:automatic inferior member stylopod skin OBOL:automatic lower extremity stylopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of hind limb stylopod OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod skin OBOL:automatic stylopod of hindlimb skin OBOL:automatic stylopod of hind limb skin OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free lower limb skin OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of lower limb OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of Proximal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic skin of thigh OBOL:automatic skin of inferior member stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of inferior member skin OBOL:automatic skin of lower extremity stylopod A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skin of hindlimb stylopod OBOL:automatic skin of upper leg OBOL:automatic thigh skin upper arm skin A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. EMAPA:18062 MA:0000608 Proximal segment of free upper limb skin SCTID:181531009 UBERON:0004263 arm stylopod skin brachial region stylopod skin proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod skin skin of Proximal segment of free upper limb skin of arm stylopod skin of brachial region stylopod skin of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod skin of stylopod of arm skin of stylopod of brachial region skin of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb skin of upper arm stylopod of arm skin stylopod of brachial region skin stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb skin uberon OBOL:automatic stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic arm stylopod skin OBOL:automatic stylopod of brachial region skin OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic skin of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod OBOL:automatic skin of Proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic skin of brachial region stylopod OBOL:automatic skin of upper arm OBOL:automatic skin of arm stylopod OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic skin of stylopod of arm OBOL:automatic brachial region stylopod skin OBOL:automatic stylopod of arm skin A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lower leg skin A zone of skin that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. EMAPA:18156 MA:0000680 SCTID:244180007 UBERON:0004264 hind limb middle limb segment skin hind limb zeugopod skin hindlimb middle limb segment skin hindlimb zeugopod skin inferior member middle limb segment skin inferior member zeugopod skin intermediate segment of free lower limb skin lower extremity middle limb segment skin lower extremity zeugopod skin middle limb segment of hind limb skin middle limb segment of hindlimb skin middle limb segment of inferior member skin middle limb segment of lower extremity skin skin of hind limb middle limb segment skin of hind limb zeugopod skin of hindlimb middle limb segment skin of hindlimb zeugopod skin of inferior member middle limb segment skin of inferior member zeugopod skin of intermediate segment of free lower limb skin of lower extremity middle limb segment skin of lower extremity zeugopod skin of lower leg skin of middle limb segment of hind limb skin of middle limb segment of hindlimb skin of middle limb segment of inferior member skin of middle limb segment of lower extremity skin of zeugopod of hind limb skin of zeugopod of hindlimb skin of zeugopod of inferior member skin of zeugopod of leg skin of zeugopod of lower extremity uberon zeugopod of hind limb skin zeugopod of hindlimb skin zeugopod of inferior member skin zeugopod of leg skin zeugopod of lower extremity skin OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic skin of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic skin of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic skin of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb skin OBOL:automatic skin of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity skin OBOL:automatic skin of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg skin OBOL:automatic skin of lower leg OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic skin of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member skin OBOL:automatic skin of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic skin of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic skin of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb skin OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member skin OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of lower extremity A zone of skin that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic skin of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic skin of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb skin OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity skin OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb skin OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb skin OBOL:automatic skin of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic skin of inferior member zeugopod outflow tract myocardium A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001358 MA:0000489 UBERON:0004265 VHOG:0000603 cardiac muscle of outflow tract heart muscle of outflow tract heart myocardium of outflow tract muscle of heart of outflow tract myocardium of outflow tract outflow tract cardiac muscle outflow tract heart muscle outflow tract heart myocardium outflow tract muscle of heart uberon OBOL:automatic outflow tract cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of outflow tract OBOL:automatic outflow tract muscle of heart OBOL:automatic heart muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic outflow tract heart muscle OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of outflow tract A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic myocardium of outflow tract OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of outflow tract upper leg connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000683 Proximal segment of free lower limb connective tissue Proximal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue Proximal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus UBERON:0004266 connective tissue of Proximal segment of free lower limb connective tissue of hind limb stylopod connective tissue of hindlimb stylopod connective tissue of inferior member stylopod connective tissue of lower extremity stylopod connective tissue of stylopod of hind limb connective tissue of stylopod of hindlimb connective tissue of stylopod of inferior member connective tissue of stylopod of lower extremity connective tissue of stylopod of lower limb connective tissue of thigh connective tissue of upper leg hind limb stylopod connective tissue hind limb stylopod portion of connective tissue hind limb stylopod textus connectivus hindlimb stylopod connective tissue hindlimb stylopod portion of connective tissue hindlimb stylopod textus connectivus inferior member stylopod connective tissue inferior member stylopod portion of connective tissue inferior member stylopod textus connectivus lower extremity stylopod connective tissue lower extremity stylopod portion of connective tissue lower extremity stylopod textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of Proximal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue of hind limb stylopod portion of connective tissue of hindlimb stylopod portion of connective tissue of inferior member stylopod portion of connective tissue of lower extremity stylopod portion of connective tissue of stylopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue of stylopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue of stylopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue of stylopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue of stylopod of lower limb portion of connective tissue of thigh portion of connective tissue of upper leg stylopod of hind limb connective tissue stylopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue stylopod of hind limb textus connectivus stylopod of hindlimb connective tissue stylopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue stylopod of hindlimb textus connectivus stylopod of inferior member connective tissue stylopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue stylopod of inferior member textus connectivus stylopod of lower extremity connective tissue stylopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue stylopod of lower extremity textus connectivus stylopod of lower limb connective tissue stylopod of lower limb portion of connective tissue stylopod of lower limb textus connectivus textus connectivus of Proximal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus of hind limb stylopod textus connectivus of hindlimb stylopod textus connectivus of inferior member stylopod textus connectivus of lower extremity stylopod textus connectivus of stylopod of hind limb textus connectivus of stylopod of hindlimb textus connectivus of stylopod of inferior member textus connectivus of stylopod of lower extremity textus connectivus of stylopod of lower limb textus connectivus of thigh textus connectivus of upper leg thigh connective tissue thigh portion of connective tissue thigh textus connectivus uberon upper leg portion of connective tissue upper leg textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of lower limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of thigh OBOL:automatic stylopod of hindlimb connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic stylopod of inferior member connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of inferior member stylopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of lower limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic upper leg portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of lower limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of thigh OBOL:automatic connective tissue of Proximal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hind limb stylopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower extremity stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower extremity connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member stylopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower extremity stylopod OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic inferior member stylopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic lower extremity stylopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of upper leg OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hindlimb stylopod A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower extremity stylopod OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic thigh textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic stylopod of hind limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic stylopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic stylopod of hind limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of upper leg OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hind limb stylopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hindlimb stylopod OBOL:automatic thigh portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of Proximal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of inferior member stylopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hindlimb stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of hindlimb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of upper leg OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity stylopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic stylopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic thigh connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of inferior member stylopod OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of thigh OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of Proximal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic stylopod of inferior member textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic inferior member stylopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free lower limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic lower extremity stylopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hind limb stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of lower limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic stylopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic upper leg textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod portion of connective tissue back connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Obol]. MA:0000495 UBERON:0004267 back portion of connective tissue back textus connectivus connective tissue of back portion of connective tissue of back textus connectivus of back uberon OBOL:automatic back portion of connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic back textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of back OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of back OBOL:automatic connective tissue of back lower arm connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. MA:0000599 UBERON:0004268 antebrachial region connective tissue antebrachial region portion of connective tissue antebrachial region textus connectivus arm middle limb segment connective tissue arm middle limb segment portion of connective tissue arm middle limb segment textus connectivus arm zeugopod connective tissue arm zeugopod portion of connective tissue arm zeugopod textus connectivus brachial region middle limb segment connective tissue brachial region middle limb segment portion of connective tissue brachial region middle limb segment textus connectivus brachial region zeugopod connective tissue brachial region zeugopod portion of connective tissue brachial region zeugopod textus connectivus connective tissue of antebrachial region connective tissue of arm middle limb segment connective tissue of arm zeugopod connective tissue of brachial region middle limb segment connective tissue of brachial region zeugopod connective tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb connective tissue of lower arm connective tissue of lower segment of arm connective tissue of middle limb segment of arm connective tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region connective tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod connective tissue of zeugopod of arm connective tissue of zeugopod of brachial region connective tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb intermediate segment of free upper limb connective tissue intermediate segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue intermediate segment of free upper limb textus connectivus lower arm portion of connective tissue lower arm textus connectivus lower segment of arm connective tissue lower segment of arm portion of connective tissue lower segment of arm textus connectivus middle limb segment of arm connective tissue middle limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue middle limb segment of arm textus connectivus middle limb segment of brachial region connective tissue middle limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue middle limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of antebrachial region portion of connective tissue of arm middle limb segment portion of connective tissue of arm zeugopod portion of connective tissue of brachial region middle limb segment portion of connective tissue of brachial region zeugopod portion of connective tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of lower arm portion of connective tissue of lower segment of arm portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of arm portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment textus connectivus proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod textus connectivus textus connectivus of antebrachial region textus connectivus of arm middle limb segment textus connectivus of arm zeugopod textus connectivus of brachial region middle limb segment textus connectivus of brachial region zeugopod textus connectivus of intermediate segment of free upper limb textus connectivus of lower arm textus connectivus of lower segment of arm textus connectivus of middle limb segment of arm textus connectivus of middle limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod textus connectivus of zeugopod of arm textus connectivus of zeugopod of brachial region textus connectivus of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb uberon zeugopod of arm connective tissue zeugopod of arm portion of connective tissue zeugopod of arm textus connectivus zeugopod of brachial region connective tissue zeugopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue zeugopod of brachial region textus connectivus zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic connective tissue of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower arm OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic connective tissue of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower arm OBOL:automatic connective tissue of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm connective tissue OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm connective tissue OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower arm OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic lower arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic antebrachial region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic antebrachial region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of brachial region connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of intermediate segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic antebrachial region connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic arm middle limb segment connective tissue upper arm connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. MA:0000605 Proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue Proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue Proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus UBERON:0004269 arm stylopod connective tissue arm stylopod portion of connective tissue arm stylopod textus connectivus brachial region stylopod connective tissue brachial region stylopod portion of connective tissue brachial region stylopod textus connectivus connective tissue of Proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue of arm stylopod connective tissue of brachial region stylopod connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod connective tissue of stylopod of arm connective tissue of stylopod of brachial region connective tissue of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue of upper arm portion of connective tissue of Proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of arm stylopod portion of connective tissue of brachial region stylopod portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod portion of connective tissue of stylopod of arm portion of connective tissue of stylopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue of upper arm proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod portion of connective tissue proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod textus connectivus stylopod of arm connective tissue stylopod of arm portion of connective tissue stylopod of arm textus connectivus stylopod of brachial region connective tissue stylopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue stylopod of brachial region textus connectivus stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus textus connectivus of Proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus of arm stylopod textus connectivus of brachial region stylopod textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod textus connectivus of stylopod of arm textus connectivus of stylopod of brachial region textus connectivus of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus of upper arm uberon upper arm portion of connective tissue upper arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic arm stylopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of arm stylopod OBOL:automatic brachial region stylopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of arm OBOL:automatic stylopod of brachial region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of upper arm OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of Proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic upper arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of arm stylopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod OBOL:automatic stylopod of arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic stylopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic stylopod of arm portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic stylopod of brachial region connective tissue OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of brachial region stylopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod OBOL:automatic Proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of brachial region stylopod OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of arm OBOL:automatic brachial region stylopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic arm stylopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic stylopod of arm connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of upper arm OBOL:automatic stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic arm stylopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of arm stylopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of Proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of brachial region stylopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of upper arm OBOL:automatic brachial region stylopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic upper arm textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of stylopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of Proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of stylopod of arm lower leg connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. MA:0000677 UBERON:0004270 connective tissue of hind limb middle limb segment connective tissue of hind limb zeugopod connective tissue of hindlimb middle limb segment connective tissue of hindlimb zeugopod connective tissue of inferior member middle limb segment connective tissue of inferior member zeugopod connective tissue of intermediate segment of free lower limb connective tissue of lower extremity middle limb segment connective tissue of lower extremity zeugopod connective tissue of lower leg connective tissue of middle limb segment of hind limb connective tissue of middle limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue of middle limb segment of inferior member connective tissue of middle limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue of zeugopod of hind limb connective tissue of zeugopod of hindlimb connective tissue of zeugopod of inferior member connective tissue of zeugopod of leg connective tissue of zeugopod of lower extremity hind limb middle limb segment connective tissue hind limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue hind limb middle limb segment textus connectivus hind limb zeugopod connective tissue hind limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue hind limb zeugopod textus connectivus hindlimb middle limb segment connective tissue hindlimb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue hindlimb middle limb segment textus connectivus hindlimb zeugopod connective tissue hindlimb zeugopod portion of connective tissue hindlimb zeugopod textus connectivus inferior member middle limb segment connective tissue inferior member middle limb segment portion of connective tissue inferior member middle limb segment textus connectivus inferior member zeugopod connective tissue inferior member zeugopod portion of connective tissue inferior member zeugopod textus connectivus intermediate segment of free lower limb connective tissue intermediate segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue intermediate segment of free lower limb textus connectivus lower extremity middle limb segment connective tissue lower extremity middle limb segment portion of connective tissue lower extremity middle limb segment textus connectivus lower extremity zeugopod connective tissue lower extremity zeugopod portion of connective tissue lower extremity zeugopod textus connectivus lower leg portion of connective tissue lower leg textus connectivus middle limb segment of hind limb connective tissue middle limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue middle limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus middle limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue middle limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue middle limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus middle limb segment of inferior member connective tissue middle limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue middle limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus middle limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue middle limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue middle limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of hind limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue of hind limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue of hindlimb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue of hindlimb zeugopod portion of connective tissue of inferior member middle limb segment portion of connective tissue of inferior member zeugopod portion of connective tissue of intermediate segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue of lower extremity middle limb segment portion of connective tissue of lower extremity zeugopod portion of connective tissue of lower leg portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of leg portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of lower extremity textus connectivus of hind limb middle limb segment textus connectivus of hind limb zeugopod textus connectivus of hindlimb middle limb segment textus connectivus of hindlimb zeugopod textus connectivus of inferior member middle limb segment textus connectivus of inferior member zeugopod textus connectivus of intermediate segment of free lower limb textus connectivus of lower extremity middle limb segment textus connectivus of lower extremity zeugopod textus connectivus of lower leg textus connectivus of middle limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus of middle limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus of middle limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus of middle limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus of zeugopod of hind limb textus connectivus of zeugopod of hindlimb textus connectivus of zeugopod of inferior member textus connectivus of zeugopod of leg textus connectivus of zeugopod of lower extremity uberon zeugopod of hind limb connective tissue zeugopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue zeugopod of hind limb textus connectivus zeugopod of hindlimb connective tissue zeugopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue zeugopod of hindlimb textus connectivus zeugopod of inferior member connective tissue zeugopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue zeugopod of inferior member textus connectivus zeugopod of leg connective tissue zeugopod of leg portion of connective tissue zeugopod of leg textus connectivus zeugopod of lower extremity connective tissue zeugopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue zeugopod of lower extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic lower leg portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower leg OBOL:automatic connective tissue of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower leg OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg textus connectivus OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member textus connectivus OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower leg OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic lower leg textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of hind limb zeugopod outflow tract pericardium A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. MA:0000491 UBERON:0004271 pericardium of outflow tract uberon OBOL:automatic pericardium of outflow tract A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint suture A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Obol]. MA:0001498 UBERON:0004273 articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium cartilaginous joint cranial suture cartilaginous joint cranial sutures cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set cartilaginous joint cranium suture cartilaginous joint suture of cranium cranial suture of articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture of cartilaginous joint cranial sutures of articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures of cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set of articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set of cartilaginous joint cranium suture of articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture of cartilaginous joint suture of cranium of articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium of cartilaginous joint uberon A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium OBOL:automatic cranial suture of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint suture of cranium OBOL:automatic cranium suture of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranial sutures OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranial suture OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranium suture OBOL:automatic cranium suture of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic cranial sutures of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic cranial suture of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture OBOL:automatic cranial sutures set of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic suture of cranium of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic cranial sutures of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures OBOL:automatic cranial sutures set of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic suture of cranium of cartilaginous joint lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004450 FMA:242815 MA:0000962 UBERON:0004274 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_Epithelium_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle uberon OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle third ventricle choroid plexus epithelium A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a third ventricle [Obol]. FMA:242821 MA:0000880 UBERON:0004275 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of third ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue of third ventricle choroid plexus epithelium of third ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of third ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus of third ventricle third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium third ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue third ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere third ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus third ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere third ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus uberon OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of third ventricle OBOL:automatic third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of third ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of third ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of choroid plexus of third ventricle OBOL:automatic third ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelium of third ventricle A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a third ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic third ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic third ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic third ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelial tissue of third ventricle OBOL:automatic third ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. FMA:242823 MA:0000984 UBERON:0004276 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium of fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus fourth ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere fourth ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_Epithelium_of_the_Fourth_Ventricle uberon OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic epithelium of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelium of fourth ventricle eye muscle A muscle that is part of the eye region. AAO:0000156 MA:0000271 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvYA8cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0004277 uberon A muscle that is part of the eye region. OBOL:automatic MA skeleton AEO:0000168 EFO:0000806 EHDAA2:0001843 EHDAA:5047 EHDAA:8005 EHDAA:8041 FMA:23875 GAID:177 MA:0003006 MAT:0000032 MESH:A.02.835 MIAA:0000032 Note that the source FMA definition has been modified here to include cartilage skeletons. We may wish to introduce subclasses for bony/cartilage skeletons. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361378004 UBERON:0004288 VSAO:0000026 XAO:0004053 all the bones and/or cartilaginous elements in the body. Together with the articular system, this comprises the skeletal system. galen:Skeleton set of all bones set of bones of body uberon FMA:23875 UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Skeleton all the bones and/or cartilaginous elements in the body. Together with the articular system, this comprises the skeletal system. radula BTO:0001506 The first bona fide radula dates to the Early Cambrian,[3] although trace fossils from the earlier Ediacaran have been suggested to have been made by the radula of the organism Kimberella.[WP] UBERON:0004289 an anatomical structure found in mollusks and used for feeding. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon. It is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in all classes of mollusks except for the bivalves. uberon Wikipedia:Radula an anatomical structure found in mollusks and used for feeding. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon. It is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in all classes of mollusks except for the bivalves. dermomyotome AAO:0010572 AEO:0000214 EHDAA2:0003259 Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle. TAO:0001513 UBERON:0004290 VHOG:0000676 ZFA:0001513 ncithesaurus:Dermomyotome uberon Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ZFA heart rudiment TAO:0000115 UBERON:0004291 ZFA:0000115 a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. heart cone rudimentary heart uberon GO:0003313 a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. GO:0003313 heart cone ZFA:0000115 rudimentary heart ZFA cardiac skeleton FMA:9496 UBERON:0004292 a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart[GO]. structure of dense connective tissue in the heart that separates the atria from the ventricles. It is not a true skeleton, but it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating the atria from the ventricles. This allows the AV node and AV bundle to delay the wave of depolarisation such that the atria can contract and assist in ventricular filling before the ventricles themselves depolarise and contract (the AV bundle is the only part of the conduction system that passes from the atria to the ventricles in a normal heart). It also allows the valves (bicuspid, tricuspid, semilunar) to keep open by giving them structural support. anulus fibrosus dexter cordis, anulus fibrosus sinister cordis cardiac fibrous skeleton fibrous skeleton of heart heart fibrous skeleton skeleton of heart trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis, trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis, trigona fibrosa uberon Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton anulus fibrosus dexter cordis, anulus fibrosus sinister cordis FMA:9496 skeleton of heart Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis, trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis, trigona fibrosa Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart[GO]. structure of dense connective tissue in the heart that separates the atria from the ventricles. It is not a true skeleton, but it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating the atria from the ventricles. This allows the AV node and AV bundle to delay the wave of depolarisation such that the atria can contract and assist in ventricular filling before the ventricles themselves depolarise and contract (the AV bundle is the only part of the conduction system that passes from the atria to the ventricles in a normal heart). It also allows the valves (bicuspid, tricuspid, semilunar) to keep open by giving them structural support. parasympathetic nerve A nerve that is part of a parasympathetic nervous system [Obol]. AAO:0010488 EHDAA2:0001401 EMAPA:17271 MA:0000224 SCTID:276146002 UBERON:0004293 VHOG:0000641 nerve of parasympathetic nervous system uberon A nerve that is part of a parasympathetic nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nerve of parasympathetic nervous system NBK10065 NBK10065 glomerular capillary endothelium MA:0001658 SCTID:243993006 UBERON:0004294 ncithesaurus:Endothelium_of_the_Glomerular_Capillary renal glomerulus capillary endothelium uberon OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus capillary endothelium sympathetic nerve trunk A nerve trunk that is part of a sympathetic nervous system [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001970 EMAPA:16986 MA:0000227 UBERON:0004295 nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk uberon OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system OBOL:automatic sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system A nerve trunk that is part of a sympathetic nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001826 UBERON:0004296 smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001806 UBERON:0004297 smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal phalanx AAO:0010676 MA:0002914 Phalanx distalis SCTID:299711006 Taxon notes: In human anatomy, the distal phalanges of the four fingers and toes articulate proximally with the intermediate phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP); in the thumb and big toe, with only two phalanges, the distal phalanges articulate proximally with the proximal phalanges. The distal phalanges carry and shape nails and claws and are therefore occasionally referred to as the ungual phalanges. The distal phalanges are cone-shaped in most mammals, including most primates, but relatively wide and flat in humans. AO notes: Terminal phalanx located at the tip of the digits. UBERON:0004300 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg/200px-Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg.png phalanx distalis terminal phalanx uberon ungual phalanx Terminal phalanx located at the tip of the digits. Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges phalanx distalis http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 ungual phalanx AAO:0010676 terminal phalanx Phalanx distalis Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges middle phalanx A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges[CJM]. Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin[WP]. AAO:0010677 MA:0002915 SCTID:299710007 Taxon notes: in some groups such as whales, there are multiple intermediate phalanges. Editors note: consider using numbering system, and axioms to the effect that there is a single middle phalanx per finger in humans UBERON:0004301 intermediate phalanx medial phalanx penultimate phalanx uberon A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges[CJM]. Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin[WP]. Wikipedia:Intermediate_phalanges AAO:0010677 penultimate phalanx proximal phalanx AAO:0010680 MA:0002916 Proximal-most phalanx within a digit[CJM]. Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone). SCTID:299708005 UBERON:0004302 proximal-most phalanx uberon Proximal-most phalanx within a digit[CJM]. Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone). Wikipedia:Proximal_phalanges AAO:0010680 proximal-most phalanx distal phalanx of hand digit 2 2nd digit of hand distal phalanx 2nd finger distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:23946 SCTID:361784003 UBERON:0004311 distal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand distal phalanx of 2nd finger distal phalanx of index finger distal phalanx of second digit of hand distal phalanx of second finger hand digit 2 distal phalanx second distal phalanx of hand second finger distal phalanx uberon 2nd finger distal phalanx OBOL:automatic 2nd digit of hand distal phalanx OBOL:automatic A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 distal phalanx FMA:23946 second distal phalanx of hand FMA:23946 distal phalanx of second digit of hand FMA:23946 distal phalanx of index finger OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of second finger OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 2nd finger OBOL:automatic second finger distal phalanx distal phalanx of hand digit 3 3rd digit of hand distal phalanx 3rd finger distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:23947 SCTID:361786001 UBERON:0004312 distal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand distal phalanx of 3rd finger distal phalanx of middle finger distal phalanx of third digit of hand distal phalanx of third finger hand digit 3 distal phalanx third distal phalanx of hand third finger distal phalanx uberon OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 distal phalanx FMA:23947 distal phalanx of third digit of hand FMA:23947 distal phalanx of middle finger OBOL:automatic third finger distal phalanx 3rd digit of hand distal phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand FMA:23947 third distal phalanx of hand A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 3rd finger 3rd finger distal phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of third finger distal phalanx of hand digit 4 4th digit of hand distal phalanx 4th finger distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:23948 SCTID:361788000 UBERON:0004313 distal phalanx of 4th digit of hand distal phalanx of 4th finger distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand distal phalanx of fourth finger distal phalanx of ring finger fourth distal phalanx of hand fourth finger distal phalanx hand digit 4 distal phalanx uberon 4th finger distal phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of fourth finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 distal phalanx 4th digit of hand distal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23948 distal phalanx of ring finger OBOL:automatic fourth finger distal phalanx OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 4th finger A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:23948 distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 4th digit of hand FMA:23948 fourth distal phalanx of hand distal phalanx of hand digit 5 5th digit of hand distal phalanx 5th finger distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:23949 SCTID:361790004 UBERON:0004314 distal phalanx of 5th digit of hand distal phalanx of 5th finger distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand distal phalanx of fifth finger distal phalanx of little finger fifth distal phalanx of hand fifth finger distal phalanx hand digit 5 distal phalanx uberon FMA:23949 fifth distal phalanx of hand OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 distal phalanx OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic fifth finger distal phalanx 5th finger distal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23949 distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic 5th digit of hand distal phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 5th finger FMA:23949 distal phalanx of little finger OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 5th digit of hand distal phalanx of foot digit 1 A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:32627 SCTID:361799003 UBERON:0004315 distal phalanx of big toe distal phalanx of first digit of foot distal phalanx of foot digit 1 distal phalanx of great toe distal phalanx of hallux first distal phalanx of foot foot digit 1 distal phalanx hallux distal phalanx uberon FMA:32627 distal phalanx of first digit of foot OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of hallux OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of foot digit 1 A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:32627 first distal phalanx of foot OBOL:automatic hallux distal phalanx FMA:32627 distal phalanx of great toe OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 distal phalanx FMA:32627 distal phalanx of big toe distal phalanx of foot digit 2 2nd toe distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:32628 SCTID:361801000 UBERON:0004316 distal phalanx of 2nd toe distal phalanx of foot digit 2 distal phalanx of second digit of foot distal phalanx of second toe foot digit 2 distal phalanx second distal phalanx of foot uberon OBOL:automatic foot digit 2 distal phalanx OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of foot digit 2 OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 2nd toe A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic 2nd toe distal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:32628 second distal phalanx of foot FMA:32628 distal phalanx of second toe FMA:32628 distal phalanx of second digit of foot distal phalanx of foot digit 3 3rd toe distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:32629 SCTID:361803002 UBERON:0004317 distal phalanx of 3rd toe distal phalanx of foot digit 3 distal phalanx of third digit of foot distal phalanx of third toe foot digit 3 distal phalanx third distal phalanx of foot uberon A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foot digit 3 distal phalanx OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 3rd toe FMA:32629 third distal phalanx of foot 3rd toe distal phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of foot digit 3 FMA:32629 distal phalanx of third digit of foot FMA:32629 distal phalanx of third toe distal phalanx of foot digit 4 4th toe distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:32630 SCTID:361805009 UBERON:0004318 distal phalanx of 4th toe distal phalanx of foot digit 4 distal phalanx of fourth digit of foot distal phalanx of fourth toe foot digit 4 distal phalanx fourth distal phalanx of foot uberon OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of foot digit 4 A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foot digit 4 distal phalanx FMA:32630 distal phalanx of fourth digit of foot OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 4th toe 4th toe distal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:32630 fourth distal phalanx of foot FMA:32630 distal phalanx of fourth toe distal phalanx of foot digit 5 5th toe distal phalanx A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:32631 SCTID:10770001 UBERON:0004319 distal phalanx of 5th toe distal phalanx of fifth digit of foot distal phalanx of fifth toe distal phalanx of foot digit 5 distal phalanx of little toe fifth distal phalanx of foot foot digit 5 distal phalanx uberon FMA:32631 distal phalanx of fifth digit of foot OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 5th toe FMA:32631 distal phalanx of little toe FMA:32631 fifth distal phalanx of foot OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 distal phalanx FMA:32631 distal phalanx of fifth toe 5th toe distal phalanx OBOL:automatic A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of hand digit 2 2nd digit of hand intermediate phalanx 2nd digit of hand middle phalanx 2nd finger intermediate phalanx 2nd finger middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:23933 SCTID:263407002 UBERON:0004320 hand digit 2 intermediate phalanx hand digit 2 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 2nd digit of hand intermediate phalanx of 2nd finger intermediate phalanx of hand digit 2 intermediate phalanx of second finger middle phalanx of 2nd digit of hand middle phalanx of 2nd finger middle phalanx of index finger middle phalanx of second digit of hand middle phalanx of second finger second finger intermediate phalanx second finger middle phalanx second middle phalanx of hand uberon OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 2nd digit of hand FMA:23933 second middle phalanx of hand OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 intermediate phalanx FMA:23933 middle phalanx of second digit of hand 2nd finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 2nd digit of hand OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 2nd finger 2nd digit of hand middle phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23933 middle phalanx of index finger OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 2nd finger 2nd finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of hand digit 2 OBOL:automatic second finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic second finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of second finger 2nd digit of hand intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of second finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 middle phalanx middle phalanx of hand digit 3 3rd digit of hand intermediate phalanx 3rd digit of hand middle phalanx 3rd finger intermediate phalanx 3rd finger middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:23934 SCTID:263408007 UBERON:0004321 hand digit 3 intermediate phalanx hand digit 3 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 3rd digit of hand intermediate phalanx of 3rd finger intermediate phalanx of hand digit 3 intermediate phalanx of third finger middle phalanx of 3rd digit of hand middle phalanx of 3rd finger middle phalanx of middle finger middle phalanx of third digit of hand middle phalanx of third finger third finger intermediate phalanx third finger middle phalanx third middle phalanx of hand uberon OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 3rd finger OBOL:automatic third finger middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic 3rd finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23934 third middle phalanx of hand 3rd digit of hand middle phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of hand digit 3 OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 3rd finger OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 3rd digit of hand OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of third finger 3rd digit of hand intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23934 middle phalanx of third digit of hand OBOL:automatic third finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 middle phalanx OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of third finger OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 3rd digit of hand 3rd finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of middle finger middle phalanx of hand digit 4 4th digit of hand intermediate phalanx 4th digit of hand middle phalanx 4th finger intermediate phalanx 4th finger middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:23935 SCTID:263409004 UBERON:0004322 fourth finger intermediate phalanx fourth finger middle phalanx fourth middle phalanx of hand hand digit 4 intermediate phalanx hand digit 4 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 4th digit of hand intermediate phalanx of 4th finger intermediate phalanx of fourth finger intermediate phalanx of hand digit 4 middle phalanx of 4th digit of hand middle phalanx of 4th finger middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand middle phalanx of fourth finger middle phalanx of ring finger uberon OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of ring finger A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 4th digit of hand OBOL:automatic fourth finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 4th digit of hand 4th finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23935 fourth middle phalanx of hand OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 middle phalanx OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of hand digit 4 4th digit of hand intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 4th finger 4th digit of hand middle phalanx OBOL:automatic 4th finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of fourth finger FMA:23935 middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of fourth finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic fourth finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 4th finger middle phalanx of hand digit 5 5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx 5th digit of hand middle phalanx 5th finger intermediate phalanx 5th finger middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:23936 SCTID:263410009 UBERON:0004323 fifth finger intermediate phalanx fifth finger middle phalanx fifth middle phalanx of hand hand digit 5 intermediate phalanx hand digit 5 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx of 5th finger intermediate phalanx of fifth finger intermediate phalanx of hand digit 5 middle phalanx of 5th digit of hand middle phalanx of 5th finger middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand middle phalanx of fifth finger middle phalanx of little finger uberon 5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 5th finger OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 5th digit of hand FMA:23936 middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of little finger OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of fifth finger A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:23936 fifth middle phalanx of hand OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 middle phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic fifth finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 5th digit of hand OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 5th finger 5th finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fifth finger intermediate phalanx 5th digit of hand middle phalanx OBOL:automatic 5th finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of foot digit 2 2nd toe intermediate phalanx 2nd toe middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:32623 SCTID:182152006 UBERON:0004324 foot digit 2 intermediate phalanx foot digit 2 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 2nd toe intermediate phalanx of foot digit 2 middle phalanx of 2nd toe middle phalanx of foot digit 2 middle phalanx of second digit of foot middle phalanx of second toe second middle phalanx of foot uberon OBOL:automatic foot digit 2 intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of foot digit 2 2nd toe intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 2nd toe OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of foot digit 2 A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 2nd toe OBOL:automatic foot digit 2 middle phalanx FMA:32623 second middle phalanx of foot 2nd toe middle phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:32623 middle phalanx of second toe FMA:32623 middle phalanx of second digit of foot middle phalanx of foot digit 3 3rd toe intermediate phalanx 3rd toe middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:32624 SCTID:182154007 UBERON:0004325 foot digit 3 intermediate phalanx foot digit 3 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 3rd toe intermediate phalanx of foot digit 3 middle phalanx of 3rd toe middle phalanx of foot digit 3 middle phalanx of third digit of foot middle phalanx of third toe third middle phalanx of foot uberon FMA:32624 third middle phalanx of foot A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:32624 middle phalanx of third digit of foot OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 3rd toe OBOL:automatic foot digit 3 middle phalanx 3rd toe middle phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foot digit 3 intermediate phalanx 3rd toe intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of foot digit 3 OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 3rd toe FMA:32624 middle phalanx of third toe OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of foot digit 3 middle phalanx of foot digit 4 4th toe intermediate phalanx 4th toe middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:32625 SCTID:182156009 UBERON:0004326 foot digit 4 intermediate phalanx foot digit 4 middle phalanx fourth middle phalanx of foot intermediate phalanx of 4th toe intermediate phalanx of foot digit 4 middle phalanx of 4th toe middle phalanx of foot digit 4 middle phalanx of fourth digit of foot middle phalanx of fourth toe uberon OBOL:automatic foot digit 4 middle phalanx OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of foot digit 4 4th toe middle phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of foot digit 4 A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of fourth toe FMA:32625 middle phalanx of fourth digit of foot OBOL:automatic foot digit 4 intermediate phalanx 4th toe intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:32625 fourth middle phalanx of foot OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 4th toe OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 4th toe middle phalanx of foot digit 5 5th toe intermediate phalanx 5th toe middle phalanx A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:230984 SCTID:182158005 UBERON:0004327 foot digit 5 intermediate phalanx foot digit 5 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 5th toe intermediate phalanx of foot digit 5 middle phalanx of 5th toe middle phalanx of foot digit 5 middle phalanx of little toe uberon OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 middle phalanx 5th toe middle phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of foot digit 5 5th toe intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 5th toe A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 5th toe OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of little toe proximal phalanx of hand digit 2 2nd digit of hand proximal phalanx 2nd finger proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:23919 SCTID:263403003 UBERON:0004328 hand digit 2 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand proximal phalanx of 2nd finger proximal phalanx of index finger proximal phalanx of second digit of hand proximal phalanx of second finger second finger proximal phalanx second proximal phalanx of hand uberon FMA:23919 second proximal phalanx of hand FMA:23919 proximal phalanx of second digit of hand FMA:23919 proximal phalanx of index finger OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of second finger A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic second finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 2nd finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 2 proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand 2nd finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic 2nd digit of hand proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of hand digit 3 3rd digit of hand proximal phalanx 3rd finger proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:23920 SCTID:263404009 UBERON:0004329 hand digit 3 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand proximal phalanx of 3rd finger proximal phalanx of middle finger proximal phalanx of third digit of hand proximal phalanx of third finger third finger proximal phalanx third proximal phalanx of hand uberon OBOL:automatic third finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 3rd finger 3rd finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23920 third proximal phalanx of hand FMA:23920 proximal phalanx of middle finger A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand OBOL:automatic hand digit 3 proximal phalanx FMA:23920 proximal phalanx of third digit of hand OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of third finger 3rd digit of hand proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of hand digit 4 4th digit of hand proximal phalanx 4th finger proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:23921 SCTID:263405005 UBERON:0004330 fourth finger proximal phalanx fourth proximal phalanx of hand hand digit 4 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 4th digit of hand proximal phalanx of 4th finger proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand proximal phalanx of fourth finger proximal phalanx of ring finger uberon OBOL:automatic fourth finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit 4 proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 4th finger FMA:23921 fourth proximal phalanx of hand OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 4th digit of hand 4th finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23921 proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of fourth finger FMA:23921 proximal phalanx of ring finger 4th digit of hand proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of hand digit 5 5th digit of hand proximal phalanx 5th finger proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:23922 SCTID:263406006 UBERON:0004331 fifth finger proximal phalanx fifth proximal phalanx of hand hand digit 5 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 5th digit of hand proximal phalanx of 5th finger proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand proximal phalanx of fifth finger proximal phalanx of little finger uberon 5th digit of hand proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:23922 fifth proximal phalanx of hand OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 5th finger FMA:23922 proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 5th digit of hand OBOL:automatic fifth finger proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:23922 proximal phalanx of little finger 5th finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of foot digit 1 A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:43252 SCTID:182150003 UBERON:0004332 foot digit 1 proximal phalanx hallux proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of big toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 1 proximal phalanx of great toe proximal phalanx of hallux uberon OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of hallux OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of foot digit 1 FMA:43252 proximal phalanx of big toe OBOL:automatic hallux proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:43252 proximal phalanx of great toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 2 2nd toe proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:32618 SCTID:182151004 UBERON:0004333 foot digit 2 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 2nd toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 2 proximal phalanx of second digit of foot proximal phalanx of second toe second proximal phalanx of foot uberon A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic 2nd toe proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foot digit 2 proximal phalanx FMA:32618 proximal phalanx of second digit of foot OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of foot digit 2 FMA:32618 proximal phalanx of second toe OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 2nd toe FMA:32618 second proximal phalanx of foot proximal phalanx of foot digit 3 3rd toe proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:32619 SCTID:182153001 UBERON:0004334 foot digit 3 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 3rd toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 3 proximal phalanx of third digit of foot proximal phalanx of third toe third proximal phalanx of foot uberon OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of foot digit 3 A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foot digit 3 proximal phalanx 3rd toe proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:32619 proximal phalanx of third toe OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 3rd toe FMA:32619 third proximal phalanx of foot FMA:32619 proximal phalanx of third digit of foot proximal phalanx of foot digit 4 4th toe proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:32620 SCTID:182155008 UBERON:0004335 foot digit 4 proximal phalanx fourth proximal phalanx of foot proximal phalanx of 4th toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 4 proximal phalanx of fourth digit of foot proximal phalanx of fourth toe uberon A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 4th toe FMA:32620 proximal phalanx of fourth toe FMA:32620 proximal phalanx of fourth digit of foot OBOL:automatic foot digit 4 proximal phalanx 4th toe proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic FMA:32620 fourth proximal phalanx of foot OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of foot digit 4 proximal phalanx of foot digit 5 5th toe proximal phalanx A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:32621 SCTID:182157000 UBERON:0004336 fifth proximal phalanx of foot foot digit 5 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 5th toe proximal phalanx of fifth digit of foot proximal phalanx of fifth toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 5 proximal phalanx of little toe uberon 5th toe proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 proximal phalanx FMA:32621 proximal phalanx of fifth digit of foot FMA:32621 proximal phalanx of fifth toe OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 5th toe OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of little toe OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of foot digit 5 FMA:32621 fifth proximal phalanx of foot distal phalanx of hand digit 1 A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:23945 PDP SCTID:182007006 Taxon notes: The human pollical distal phalanx (PDP) has a pronounced insertion for the flexor pollicis longus (asymmetric towards the radial side), an ungual fossa, and a pair of dissymmetric ungual spines (the ulnar being more prominent). This asymmetry is necessary to ensure that the thumb pulp is always facing the pulps of the other digits, an osteological configuration which provides the maximum contact surface with held objects.[WP] UBERON:0004337 distal phalanx of first digit of hand distal phalanx of thumb first distal phalanx of hand pollical distal phalanx thumb distal phalanx uberon PDP Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb FMA:23945 first distal phalanx of hand A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic thumb distal phalanx OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of thumb Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb pollical distal phalanx FMA:23945 distal phalanx of first digit of hand proximal phalanx of hand digit 1 A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:23918 SCTID:181992006 UBERON:0004338 first proximal phalanx of hand proximal phalanx of first digit of hand proximal phalanx of thumb thumb proximal uberon FMA:23918 proximal phalanx of first digit of hand OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of thumb FMA:23918 first proximal phalanx of hand OBOL:automatic thumb proximal A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic calvarium EHDAA2:0002167 EHDAA:9538 EMAPA:18016 FMA:52800 SCTID:140592008 UBERON:0004339 VHOG:0000331 ZFA:0005606 calva calvaria calvaria part_of neurocranium in FMA, but no definition. MP class now merged. Gray's Anatomy's list includes the Ethmoid and Sphenoid bone in the Calvaria. Some books state that calvaria consists of just the frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone. Note vault may not be precisely equivalent to calvaria ncithesaurus:Skullcap skullcap the upper domelike portion of the skull[MP]. the upper part of the cranium and surrounds the cranial cavity containing the brain. It is formed from frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones. uberon vault of skull MP:0000076 Wikipedia:Calvaria_(skull) the upper domelike portion of the skull[MP]. the upper part of the cranium and surrounds the cranial cavity containing the brain. It is formed from frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones. EHDAA2:0002167 vault of skull FMA:52800 calva ZFA:0005606 skullcap ZFA:0005606 calvaria allantois Allantois (plural allantoides or allantoises) is a part of a developing animal conceptus (which consists of all embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues). It helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste. The allantois, along with the amnion and chorion (other embryonic membranes), identify humans as amniotes, along with reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and other mammals. Of the vertebrates, only Ichthyopsidas lack this structure. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000474 EHDAA2:0000113 EMAPA:16084 EMAPA:16107 EMAPA:28547 MESH:A.16.254.403.147 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000114 SCTID:308825007 UBERON:0004340 VHOG:0000738 a diverticulum of the hindgut endoderm [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong"] ncithesaurus:Allantois uberon ISBN10:0073040584 Allantois (plural allantoides or allantoises) is a part of a developing animal conceptus (which consists of all embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues). It helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste. The allantois, along with the amnion and chorion (other embryonic membranes), identify humans as amniotes, along with reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and other mammals. Of the vertebrates, only Ichthyopsidas lack this structure. [WP,unvetted]. MP:0001726 Wikipedia:Allantois EHDAA2 ISBN10:0073040584 primitive streak EHDAA2:0001525 EHDAA:185 EMAPA:16072 SCTID:361438007 TODO - check The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP] UBERON:0004341 VHOG:0001202 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gray13.png/200px-Gray13.png ncithesaurus:Primitive_Streak uberon MP:0002231 The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP] Wikipedia:Primitive_streak cardinal vein AAO:0011022 BTO:0004385 EHDAA2:0000213 EHDAA:1310 EMAPA:16354 SCTID:362860004 UBERON:0004344 VHOG:0001197 XAO:0000052 any of the four veins in the developing vertebrate embryo which run along each side of the vertebral column ncithesaurus:Cardinal_Vein uberon MP:0004783 any of the four veins in the developing vertebrate embryo which run along each side of the vertebral column trophectoderm BTO:0001840 EHDAA2:0002091 EHDAA:56 EMAPA:16046 UBERON:0004345 VHOG:0000979 outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition uberon EHDAA2 MP:0005028 outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition gubernaculum Gabernaculum Hunter's gubernaculum UBERON:0000452 UBERON:0004346 UBERON:BTO_0002813-FMA_20421 WP def is male/female, split term? EMAP is male-specific. vestigial adult in FMA. TODO caudal suspensory ligament embryonic structures which begin as undifferentiated mesenchyme attaching to the caudal end of the gonads. The gubernaculum is present only during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs, being replaced by distinct vestiges in males and females[WP]. Enitoinguinal ligaments that, in the male, connect the fetal testis to the developing scrotum, and, in the female, connect the ovaries to the uterus[MP] gubernaculum testis ncithesaurus:Gubernaculum_Testis uberon BTO:0002813 Hunter's gubernaculum Wikipedia MP:0005149 Wikipedia:Gubernaculum embryonic structures which begin as undifferentiated mesenchyme attaching to the caudal end of the gonads. The gubernaculum is present only during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs, being replaced by distinct vestiges in males and females[WP]. Enitoinguinal ligaments that, in the male, connect the fetal testis to the developing scrotum, and, in the female, connect the ovaries to the uterus[MP] BTO Gabernaculum Wikipedia:Gubernaculum FMA EMAPA:19089 caudal suspensory ligament limb bud AAO:0010375 BTO:0001640 GAID:1307 MESH:A.16.254.462 UBERON:0004347 XAO:0003161 gemmae membrorum induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm limb buds limbbud ncithesaurus:Limb_Bud the mesenchymal outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb[MP]. uberon GO:0060174 limbbud Wikipedia:Limb_bud gemmae membrorum MP:0005650 Wikipedia:Limb_bud the mesenchymal outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb[MP]. ISBN:9780878932504 limb buds optic eminence EHDAA:938 EMAPA:16322 EMAPA:17003 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001308 UBERON:0004348 VHOG:0001296 the embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm uberon MP:0006305 the embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm female inguinal canal An inguinal canal that is part of a female organism. Conveys the round ligament + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:19171 UBERON:0004353 uberon An inguinal canal that is part of a female organism. Conveys the round ligament + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]. MP:0008015 Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal#Contents male inguinal canal An inguinal canal that is part of a male organism. Conveys the spermatic cord and its coverings + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:26913 UBERON:0004354 uberon An inguinal canal that is part of a male organism. Conveys the spermatic cord and its coverings + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]. MP:0008016 Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal#Contents podocyte foot process TODO - submit to GO UBERON:0004355 the footlike extension of podocytes that interdigitate with one another to form the walls of the glomerular capillaries uberon MP:0008059 the footlike extension of podocytes that interdigitate with one another to form the walls of the glomerular capillaries apical ectodermal ridge AAO:0010760 AER Functions: maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop TAO:0002146 UBERON:0004356 XAO:0004121 ZFA:0001702 crista ectodermalis apicalis multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. ncithesaurus:Apical_Ectodermal_Ridge uberon Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge crista ectodermalis apicalis AER MP:0001676 MP:0001676 Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. limb/fin bud Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056] UBERON:0004357 VHOG:0001258 paired appendage bud uberon caput epididymis BTO:0000336 EMAPA:19291 FMA:18259 MA:0002762 SCTID:362282002 Structure notes: The head of the epididymis receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts of the mediastinum of the testis. It is characterized histologically by a thin myoepithelium. The concentration of the sperm here is dilute[WP] UBERON:0004358 caput caput epididymidis epididymal head epididymis head epidymis head head of epididymis head of epidymis ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Epididymis the head of the epididymis uberon FMA:18259 epididymis head MP:0002660 the head of the epididymis MP:0002660 caput FMA:18259 epidymis head BTO:0000336 caput epididymidis FMA:18259 epididymal head FMA:18259 head of epididymis corpus epididymis BTO:0000209 EMAPA:19293 FMA:18260 MA:0002764 SCTID:279620001 UBERON:0004359 body of epididymis body of epididymis body of epidymis corpus epididymidis epididymal body epididymis body epidymis body ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Epididymis the body of the epididymis uberon FMA:18260 epididymal body FMA:18260 epididymis body FMA:18260 body of epididymis MP:0002661 the body of the epididymis FMA:18260 body of epididymis BTO:0000209 corpus epididymidis cauda epididymis BTO:0000210 EMAPA:19292 FMA:18261 MA:0002763 SCTID:279621002 Structure notes: This has a thicker myoepithelium than the head region, as it is involved in absorbing fluid to make the sperm more concentrated.[WP] UBERON:0004360 cauda epididymidis corpus epididymal cauda epididymal tail epididymis tail epidymis tail ncithesaurus:Tail_of_the_Epididymis tail of epididymis tail of epididymis tail of epidymis the tail of the epididymis uberon BTO:0000210 epididymal cauda MP:0002662 corpus FMA:18261 tail of epididymis MP:0002662 the tail of the epididymis FMA:18261 epididymis tail FMA:18261 tail of epididymis FMA:18261 epididymal tail BTO:0000210 cauda epididymidis stylohyoid ligament FMA:72308 MA:0002957 SCTID:66275001 UBERON:0004361 ligamentum stylohyoideum ligamentum stylohyoideus stylo-hyoid ligament the fibrous cord that connects the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone uberon Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament ligamentum stylohyoideus Wikipedia Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament ligamentum stylohyoideum Wikipedia MP:0009918 Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament the fibrous cord that connects the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone MA:0002957 stylo-hyoid ligament FMA MP-implied-by-def mandibular arch 1st arch 1st pharyngeal arch AAO:0010364 EHDAA2:0000006 EHDAA:573 EMAPA:16118 First of six branchial arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development.[1] It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove. SCTID:308767008 TAO:0001595 UBERON:0004362 VHOG:0000296 XAO:0000097 ZFA:0001612 arcus pharyngeus primus branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first pharyngeal arch first visceral arch http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray48.png/200px-Gray48.png ncithesaurus:First_Pharyngeal_Arch pharyngeal arch 1 uberon visceral arch 1 Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch arcus pharyngeus primus First of six branchial arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development.[1] It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove. Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch first visceral arch visceral arch 1 branchial arch 1 first branchial arch 1st arch EHDAA2:0000006 aortic arch AAO:0010414 EFO:0003695 EHDAA2:0000186 EHDAA:398 EHDAA:7327 EMAPA:16684 One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries. TAO:0005004 UBERON:0004342 UBERON:0004363 UBERON:FMA_3768-MA_0000475-MIAA_0000059 Usage notes: Do not confuse with arch of aorta. Editor notes: add specific artery derivatives. Development notes: The third, fourth, and sixth arches, along with the seventh intersegmental arteries and the left dorsal aorta, are the primary contributors to the normal aortic arch and its major thoracic branches. Taxon notes: Number varies - Lampreys have 8, hagfishes 15; only up to 6 appear in embryonic development in most gnathostome fishes and all tetrapods VHOG:0000122 XAO:0000341 ZFA:0005004 aa. arcuum pharyngeorum aortic arches branchial aortic arches branchial arch artery embryonic aortic arch artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gray473.png/200px-Gray473.png ncithesaurus:Aortic_Arch uberon EMAPA:16684 branchial arch artery Wikipedia:Aortic_arches aa. arcuum pharyngeorum MP:0002672 One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries. Wikipedia:Aortic_arches EMAPA:16684 MP:0002672 embryonic aortic arch artery ZFA:0005004 aortic arches ZFA ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 branchial aortic arches ectoplacental cone BTO:0001715 Development notes: derivative of the early postimplantation trophoblast, which probably gives rise to the spongiotrophoblast.[PMID:19829370] EMAPA:16059 UBERON:0004364 thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta uberon MP:0001717 PMID:19829370 thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta vitelline blood vessel UBERON:0004365 blood vesself of the yolk sac. uberon MP:0001719 blood vesself of the yolk sac. extraembryonic ectoderm EMAPA:16065 EMAPA:16077 EMAPA:16110 Editor note: we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk—the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion. UBERON:0004366 layer of the endoderm of the extraembryonic tissue. uberon MP:0002583 layer of the endoderm of the extraembryonic tissue. Descemet's membrane Descemet membrane Descemet's posterior elastic lamina EMAPA:18804 FMA:58309 GAID:894 MA:0001246 MESH:A.09.371.060.217.271 SCTID:281076002 TAO:0002157 UBERON:0004367 ZFA:0001686 lamina limitans posterior ncithesaurus:Descemet_s_Membrane posterior limiting lamina posterior limiting lamina posterior limiting lamina of cornea posterior limiting lamina of cornea transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. The strong, resistant, thin, noncellular fourth layer of the cornea, located between the endothelium (from which it is secreted) and the stroma. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed). uberon FMA:58309 lamina limitans posterior Descemet's posterior elastic lamina FMA:58309 MP:0004285 transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. The strong, resistant, thin, noncellular fourth layer of the cornea, located between the endothelium (from which it is secreted) and the stroma. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed). MA:0001246 posterior limiting lamina FMA:58309 posterior limiting lamina of cornea MA:0001246 posterior limiting lamina FMA:58309 posterior limiting lamina of cornea Reichert's cartilage AO notes: in EHDAA2 this also develops from 3rd arch Mes from NC. Development notes: Classically defined as: a structure... develop the stapes, the styloid processes, the stylohyoid ligaments, and the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone; its proximal end gives rise to the stylohyoid ligament. Relationship to stapes disputed. EHDAA2:0000793 EMAPA:17622 Reichert cartilage UBERON:0004368 a continuous cartilaginous formation in mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch in the embryo. The longer cranial or styloid segment is continuous with the otic capsule; its inferior end is angulated and is situated very close to the oropharynx. The smaller caudal segment is in contact with the body and greater horn of the hyoid cartilaginous structure hyaloid cartilage hyoid cartilage second branchial arch cartilage second pharyngeal arch cartilage uberon MP:0004916 second pharyngeal arch cartilage MP:0004916 hyaloid cartilage MP:0004916 a continuous cartilaginous formation in mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch in the embryo. The longer cranial or styloid segment is continuous with the otic capsule; its inferior end is angulated and is situated very close to the oropharynx. The smaller caudal segment is in contact with the body and greater horn of the hyoid cartilaginous structure doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0000793 hyoid cartilage Reichert's membrane EMAPA:16057 UBERON:0004369 a thick multilayered basement membrane between the parietal endoderm cells and the trophoblast cells uberon DOI:10.1007/BF00184752 a thick multilayered basement membrane between the parietal endoderm cells and the trophoblast cells anterior limiting lamina of cornea Bowman's anterior elastic lamina Bowman's layer Bowman's membrane EMAPA:16057 FMA:58273 MA:0001240 Reichert's membrane SCTID:281075003 TAO:0002155 UBERON:0004370 ZFA:0001684 anterior limiting lamina anterior limiting lamina of cornea lamina limitans anterior (cornea) ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane uberon FMA:58273 lamina limitans anterior (cornea) Bowman's anterior elastic lamina FMA:58273 Bowman's membrane FMA:58273 Bowman's layer FMA:58273 FMA:58273 anterior limiting lamina of cornea MA:0001240 anterior limiting lamina Reichert's membrane http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2956371&group_id=76834&atid=974957 vitelline vasculature UBERON:0004374 uberon vasculature of the yolk sac. MP:0001719 vasculature of the yolk sac. bone of appendage A bone that is part of an appendage [Obol]. UBERON:0004375 appendage bone uberon A bone that is part of an appendage [Obol]. OBOL:automatic fin bone A bone that is part of a fin [Obol]. UBERON:0004376 bone of fin uberon A bone that is part of a fin [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal metaphysis FMA:32824 UBERON:0004377 distal diaphyseal end of long bone uberon FMA:32824 distal diaphyseal end of long bone proximal metaphysis FMA:32823 UBERON:0004378 proximal diaphyseal end of long bone uberon FMA:32823 proximal diaphyseal end of long bone distal epiphysis FMA:32822 SCTID:279999006 UBERON:0004379 distal end of long bone uberon FMA:32822 distal end of long bone proximal epiphysis FMA:32821 SCTID:279998003 UBERON:0004380 proximal end of long bone uberon FMA:32821 proximal end of long bone skeleton of limb EHDAA2:0002221 Note that EHDAA2 considers hip and shoulder joints part of limb skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb. UBERON:0004381 limb skeleton set of bones of limb uberon ISBN:9780878932504 EHDAA2:0002221 limb skeleton cjm The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb. UBERON:cjm epiphysis of humerus An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Obol]. FMA:32825 SCTID:313054009 UBERON:0004382 humeral epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic humeral epiphysis epiphysis of tibia An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Obol]. FMA:33112 SCTID:314626006 UBERON:0004383 tibial epiphysis uberon FMA:33112 tibial epiphysis An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of femur An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]. FMA:32838 SCTID:314625005 UBERON:0004384 femoral epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:32838 femoral epiphysis epiphysis of radius An epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]. FMA:33770 SCTID:313055005 UBERON:0004385 radial epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33770 radial epiphysis epiphysis of ulna An epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Obol]. FMA:33748 SCTID:313056006 UBERON:0004386 uberon ulnar epiphysis FMA:33748 ulnar epiphysis An epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of phalanx of finger An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]. FMA:240707 SCTID:314620000 UBERON:0004387 uberon An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of fibula An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Obol]. FMA:33726 UBERON:0004388 fibula epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33726 fibula epiphysis epiphysis of metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Obol]. FMA:33814 SCTID:313057002 UBERON:0004389 epiphysis of metatarsal metatarsal bone epiphysis metatarsal epiphysis uberon FMA:33814 metatarsal bone epiphysis An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Obol]. FMA:33792 SCTID:314907001 UBERON:0004390 epiphysis of metacarpal metacarpal bone epiphysis metacarpal epiphysis uberon FMA:33792 metacarpal bone epiphysis An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of first metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:33793 UBERON:0004391 first metacarpal bone epiphysis metacarpal 1 epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33793 first metacarpal bone epiphysis epiphysis of second metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:33794 UBERON:0004392 metacarpal 2 epiphysis second metacarpal bone epiphysis uberon FMA:33794 second metacarpal bone epiphysis An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of third metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:86328 UBERON:0004393 metacarpal 3 epiphysis third metacarpal bone epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:86328 third metacarpal bone epiphysis epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:86329 UBERON:0004394 fourth metacarpal bone epiphysis metacarpal 4 epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:86329 fourth metacarpal bone epiphysis epiphysis of first metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:33815 UBERON:0004395 first metatarsal bone epiphysis metatarsal 1 epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33815 first metatarsal bone epiphysis epiphysis of second metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:33816 UBERON:0004396 metatarsal 2 epiphysis second metatarsal bone epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33816 second metatarsal bone epiphysis epiphysis of third metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:86313 UBERON:0004397 metatarsal 3 epiphysis third metatarsal bone epiphysis uberon An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:86313 third metatarsal bone epiphysis epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:86314 UBERON:0004398 fourth metatarsal bone epiphysis metatarsal 4 epiphysis uberon FMA:86314 fourth metatarsal bone epiphysis An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:86315 UBERON:0004399 fifth metatarsal bone epiphysis metatarsal 5 epiphysis uberon FMA:86315 fifth metatarsal bone epiphysis An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic bone tissue of epiphysis A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Obol]. FMA:241364 UBERON:0004400 uberon A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic bone tissue of distal epiphysis A portion of bone tissue that is part of a distal epiphysis [Obol]. FMA:241374 UBERON:0004401 uberon A portion of bone tissue that is part of a distal epiphysis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic bone tissue of proximal epiphysis A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Obol]. FMA:241372 UBERON:0004402 uberon A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic periosteum of epiphysis A periosteum that is part of a epiphysis [Obol]. FMA:32687 UBERON:0004403 epiphysis periosteum uberon FMA:32687 epiphysis periosteum A periosteum that is part of a epiphysis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal epiphysis of humerus A distal epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Obol]. FMA:32826 SCTID:310655007 UBERON:0004404 distal end of humerus lower end of humerus uberon A distal epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:32826 distal end of humerus FMA:32826 lower end of humerus distal epiphysis of tibia A distal epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Obol]. FMA:33116 SCTID:302527001 UBERON:0004405 distal end of tibia lower end of tibia uberon FMA:33116 distal end of tibia FMA:33116 lower end of tibia A distal epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal epiphysis of femur A distal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]. AAO:0000893 FMA:32844 SCTID:280016000 UBERON:0004406 distal femoral epiphysis distal head of femur uberon A distal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm distal femoral epiphysis AAO:0000893 distal head of femur distal epiphysis of radius A distal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]. FMA:33776 SCTID:280013008 UBERON:0004407 distal end of radius lower end of radius uberon FMA:33776 distal end of radius FMA:33776 lower end of radius A distal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal epiphysis of ulna A distal epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Obol]. FMA:33754 SCTID:302521000 UBERON:0004408 distal end of ulna lower end of ulna uberon A distal epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33754 distal end of ulna FMA:33754 lower end of ulna distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]. FMA:226577 SCTID:280046002 UBERON:0004409 uberon A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal epiphysis of fibula A distal epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Obol]. FMA:33732 SCTID:129111008 UBERON:0004410 distal end of fibula lower end of fibula uberon FMA:33732 distal end of fibula FMA:33732 lower end of fibula A distal epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of humerus FMA:23362 SCTID:280028008 The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles. UBERON:0004411 head of the humerus humeral head ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Humerus proximal end of humerus proximal humeral epiphysis proximal humerus uberon upper end of humerus Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus proximal humerus Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus humeral head Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus head of the humerus The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles. Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus FMA:23362 proximal end of humerus OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm proximal humeral epiphysis FMA:23362 upper end of humerus proximal epiphysis of femur A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]. FMA:32841 SCTID:244702009 UBERON:0004412 proximal femoral epiphysis uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm proximal femoral epiphysis proximal epiphysis of radius A proximal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]. FMA:39780 SCTID:280029000 UBERON:0004413 proximal end of radius proximal radial epiphysis uberon upper end of radius FMA:39780 upper end of radius FMA:39780 proximal end of radius A proximal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm proximal radial epiphysis proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]. FMA:226482 SCTID:272704004 UBERON:0004414 basal epiphysis of phalanx of finger base of phalanx of finger basis phalangis manus uberon FMA:226482 FMA:TA basis phalangis manus FMA:226482 basal epiphysis of phalanx of finger FMA:226482 base of phalanx of finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Obol]. FMA:33817 SCTID:119545008 UBERON:0004415 base of metatarsal bone basis ossis metatarsi proximal end of metatarsal bone uberon upper end of metatarsal bone FMA:33817 FMA:TA basis ossis metatarsi FMA:33817 proximal end of metatarsal bone FMA:33817 upper end of metatarsal bone FMA:33817 base of metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Obol]. FMA:33795 SCTID:272695001 UBERON:0004416 base of metacarpal bone basis ossis metacarpi metacarpal bone base proximal end of metacarpal bone uberon upper end of metacarpal bone FMA:33795 proximal end of metacarpal bone FMA:33795 upper end of metacarpal bone FMA:33795 FMA:TA basis ossis metacarpi A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33795 metacarpal bone base FMA:33795 base of metacarpal bone proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 1 phalanx [Obol]. FMA:37489 SCTID:272700008 UBERON:0004417 basal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb base of phalanx of first digit of hand base of phalanx of thumb uberon FMA:37489 base of phalanx of thumb FMA:37489 base of phalanx of first digit of hand FMA:37489 basal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 1 phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 2 phalanx [Obol]. FMA:37498 SCTID:368307004 UBERON:0004418 basal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger base of phalanx of index finger base of phalanx of second digit of hand base of phalanx of second finger uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 2 phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37498 basal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger FMA:37498 base of phalanx of second digit of hand FMA:37498 base of phalanx of index finger FMA:37498 base of phalanx of second finger proximal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 3 phalanx [Obol]. FMA:37510 SCTID:181997000 UBERON:0004419 basal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger base of phalanx of middle finger base of phalanx of third digit of hand base of phalanx of third finger uberon FMA:37510 base of phalanx of middle finger FMA:37510 base of phalanx of third digit of hand FMA:37510 base of phalanx of third finger FMA:37510 basal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 3 phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 4 phalanx [Obol]. FMA:37522 SCTID:368337008 UBERON:0004420 basal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger base of phalanx of fourth digit of hand base of phalanx of fourth finger base of phalanx of ring finger uberon FMA:37522 base of phalanx of fourth digit of hand FMA:37522 basal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger FMA:37522 base of phalanx of fourth finger FMA:37522 base of phalanx of ring finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 4 phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 5 phalanx [Obol]. FMA:37534 SCTID:368351008 UBERON:0004421 basal epiphysis of phalanx of fifth finger basal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger base of phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of phalanx of fifth finger base of phalanx of little finger uberon FMA:37534 base of phalanx of little finger FMA:37534 basal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger FMA:37534 base of phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:37534 base of phalanx of fifth finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 5 phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37534 basal epiphysis of phalanx of fifth finger proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:42788 SCTID:181978000 UBERON:0004422 base of first metacarpal bone first metacarpal bone base uberon FMA:42788 first metacarpal bone base A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:42788 base of first metacarpal bone proximal epiphysis of second metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:42791 SCTID:263461004 UBERON:0004423 base of second metacarpal bone proximal end of second metacarpal bone second metacarpal bone base uberon FMA:42791 proximal end of second metacarpal bone FMA:42791 base of second metacarpal bone FMA:42791 second metacarpal bone base A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of third metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:42794 SCTID:263465008 UBERON:0004424 base of third metacarpal bone proximal end of third metacarpal bone third metacarpal bone base uberon FMA:42794 third metacarpal bone base A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:42794 base of third metacarpal bone FMA:42794 proximal end of third metacarpal bone proximal epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:42797 SCTID:263469002 UBERON:0004425 base of fourth metacarpal bone fourth metacarpal bone base proximal end of fourth metacarpal bone uberon FMA:42797 proximal end of fourth metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:42797 fourth metacarpal bone base FMA:42797 base of fourth metacarpal bone proximal epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:42800 SCTID:263473004 UBERON:0004426 base of fifth metacarpal bone fifth metacarpal bone base proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone uberon FMA:42800 proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone FMA:42800 base of fifth metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:42800 fifth metacarpal bone base proximal epiphysis of first metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:42963 SCTID:182124002 UBERON:0004427 base of first metatarsal bone proximal end of first metatarsal bone uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:42963 base of first metatarsal bone FMA:42963 proximal end of first metatarsal bone proximal epiphysis of second metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:42964 SCTID:182130002 UBERON:0004428 base of second metatarsal bone proximal end of second metatarsal bone uberon FMA:42964 base of second metatarsal bone FMA:42964 proximal end of second metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of third metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:42965 SCTID:182135007 UBERON:0004429 base of third metatarsal bone proximal end of third metatarsal bone uberon FMA:42965 proximal end of third metatarsal bone FMA:42965 base of third metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:42966 SCTID:182140004 UBERON:0004430 base of fourth metatarsal bone proximal end of fourth metatarsal bone uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:42966 base of fourth metatarsal bone FMA:42966 proximal end of fourth metatarsal bone proximal epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:42967 SCTID:182145009 UBERON:0004431 base of fifth metatarsal bone proximal end of fifth metatarsal bone uberon FMA:42967 proximal end of fifth metatarsal bone FMA:42967 base of fifth metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:37505 SCTID:263445001 UBERON:0004432 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger base of distal phalanx of index finger base of distal phalanx of second digit of hand base of distal phalanx of second finger uberon FMA:37505 base of distal phalanx of index finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37505 base of distal phalanx of second finger FMA:37505 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger FMA:37505 base of distal phalanx of second digit of hand proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of middle finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:37517 SCTID:263446000 UBERON:0004433 base of distal phalanx of middle finger base of distal phalanx of third digit of hand base of distal phalanx of third finger uberon FMA:37517 base of distal phalanx of middle finger FMA:37517 base of distal phalanx of third finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37517 base of distal phalanx of third digit of hand proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:37529 SCTID:263447009 UBERON:0004434 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fourth finger basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger base of distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand base of distal phalanx of fourth finger base of distal phalanx of ring finger uberon FMA:37529 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger FMA:37529 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fourth finger FMA:37529 base of distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand FMA:37529 base of distal phalanx of ring finger FMA:37529 base of distal phalanx of fourth finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:37541 SCTID:263448004 UBERON:0004435 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fifth finger basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger base of distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of distal phalanx of fifth finger base of distal phalanx of little finger uberon FMA:37541 base of distal phalanx of fifth finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37541 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger FMA:37541 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37541 base of distal phalanx of little finger FMA:37541 base of distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:37502 SCTID:263428006 UBERON:0004436 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger base of middle phalanx of index finger base of middle phalanx of second digit of hand base of middle phalanx of second finger uberon FMA:37502 base of middle phalanx of second digit of hand FMA:37502 base of middle phalanx of second finger FMA:37502 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger FMA:37502 base of middle phalanx of index finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:37514 SCTID:263429003 UBERON:0004437 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger base of middle phalanx of middle finger base of middle phalanx of third digit of hand base of middle phalanx of third finger uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37514 base of middle phalanx of middle finger FMA:37514 base of middle phalanx of third finger FMA:37514 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger FMA:37514 base of middle phalanx of third digit of hand proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:37526 SCTID:263430008 UBERON:0004438 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fourth finger basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger base of middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand base of middle phalanx of fourth finger base of middle phalanx of ring finger uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37526 base of middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand FMA:37526 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger FMA:37526 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fourth finger FMA:37526 base of middle phalanx of fourth finger FMA:37526 base of middle phalanx of ring finger proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:37538 SCTID:263431007 UBERON:0004439 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fifth finger basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger base of middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of middle phalanx of fifth finger base of middle phalanx of little finger uberon FMA:37538 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger FMA:37538 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37538 base of middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:37538 base of middle phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37538 base of middle phalanx of little finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of index finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]. FMA:37499 SCTID:263412001 UBERON:0004440 base of proximal phalanx of index finger base of proximal phalanx of second digit of hand base of proximal phalanx of second finger uberon FMA:37499 base of proximal phalanx of second finger FMA:37499 base of proximal phalanx of second digit of hand A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37499 base of proximal phalanx of index finger proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]. FMA:37511 SCTID:263413006 UBERON:0004441 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger base of proximal phalanx of middle finger base of proximal phalanx of third digit of hand base of proximal phalanx of third finger uberon FMA:37511 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37511 base of proximal phalanx of third finger FMA:37511 base of proximal phalanx of middle finger FMA:37511 base of proximal phalanx of third digit of hand proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]. FMA:37523 SCTID:263414000 UBERON:0004442 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of fourth finger basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger base of proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand base of proximal phalanx of fourth finger base of proximal phalanx of ring finger uberon FMA:37523 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger FMA:37523 base of proximal phalanx of ring finger FMA:37523 base of proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand FMA:37523 base of proximal phalanx of fourth finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37523 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of fourth finger proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]. FMA:37535 SCTID:263415004 UBERON:0004443 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger base of proximal phalanx of little finger uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:37535 base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37535 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger FMA:37535 base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:37535 base of proximal phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of thumb A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:37493 SCTID:182008001 UBERON:0004444 base of distal phalanx of thumb uberon FMA:37493 base of distal phalanx of thumb A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 1 [Obol]. FMA:37490 SCTID:181993001 UBERON:0004445 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb base of proximal phalanx of thumb uberon FMA:37490 base of proximal phalanx of thumb FMA:37490 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 1 [Obol]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of phalanx An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]. SCTID:280033007 UBERON:0004446 uberon An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proximal epiphysis of phalanx A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]. UBERON:0004447 uberon A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic distal epiphysis of phalanx A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]. UBERON:0004448 uberon A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cerebral artery AAO:0010493 EHDAA2:0000233 EHDAA:5294 EMAPA:18613 GAID:484 MA:0002562 MESH:A.07.231.114.228 One of three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which irrigate the cerebrum of the brain. SCTID:181308008 UBERON:0004449 XAO:0000367 ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Artery uberon One of three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which irrigate the cerebrum of the brain. Wikipedia:Cerebral_artery gastric vein AAO:0011046 MA:0002128 SCTID:281060006 UBERON:0004450 XAO:0000389 ncithesaurus:Gastric_Vein uberon presacral vertebra MA:0002869 UBERON:0004451 XAO:0003077 uberon carpal region A mesopodium that is part of a hand. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also include the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted] EHDAA2:0000218 EHDAA:5196 EMAPA:19122 FMA:24922 GAID:59 MA:0000039 MESH:A.01.378.800.667.715 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjncpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361289009 UBERON:0001462 UBERON:0004452 articulatio radiocarpea carpal limb segment carpal segment carpus fore basipodium fore mesopodium galen:Wrist hand mesopodium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Human_wrist.png/200px-Human_wrist.png regio carpalis uberon wrist wrist region MA:th fore mesopodium Wikipedia:Wrist articulatio radiocarpea carpus FMA MA:th fore basipodium A mesopodium that is part of a hand. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also include the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted] UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Wrist FMA:24922 FMA:TA regio carpalis MA:0000039 wrist metacarpus region Editor notes: Note that along with FMA we treat this as a limb segment rather than a purely skeletal element. AO notes: Note that mammalian and non-mammalian AOs differ in whether they consider this a part of the skeleton FMA:24925 MA:0000042 UBERON:0004453 distal segment of hand proper http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg/200px-Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg.png metacarpal part of hand metacarpal region uberon FMA:24925 metacarpal region FMA:24925 distal segment of hand proper FMA:24925 metacarpal part of hand FMA tarsal region EFO:0001409 EMAPA:19133 FMA:9665 GAID:41 MA:0000043 MESH:A.01.378.610.250.149 MESH:A.13.473.821 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi-R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361292008 UBERON:0002388 UBERON:0004454 ankle ankle region articulatio talocruralis galen:Ankle hind basipodium hind mesopodium hock http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png mesopodial segment of the foot, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues. note that this term refers to the limb segment. See also: tarsal bones and tarsal skeleton. AO notes: MA has both tarsus (part of foot, has tarsal bone) and ankle (part of hindlimb, has joint, nerve, skin). tarsal limb segment uberon MA:th hind mesopodium UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Ankle mesopodial segment of the foot, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues. MA:0000043 ankle MA:th hind basipodium Wikipedia:Ankle articulatio talocruralis neurula An embryo at the neurula stage. BILA:0000061 BTO:0001766 UBERON:0004455 UBERON:0007013 ncithesaurus:Neurula neurula embryo uberon BILA:0000061 neurula embryo An embryo at the neurula stage. GOC:cjm entire sense organ system FMA:78499 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. UBERON:0004456 note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs sense organ system uberon FMA:78499 sense organ system cavity lining MA:0002448 UBERON:0004457 uberon pre inferred via union_of body cavity or lining EMAPA:16060 MA:0000005 UBERON:0004458 uberon musculature of head A musculature that is part of a head [Obol]. FMA:71287 UBERON:0004461 head musculature muscle group of head muscles of head musculi capitis uberon A musculature that is part of a head [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71287 muscles of head FMA:71287 muscle group of head FMA:71287 FMA:TA musculi capitis FMA:71287 head musculature musculature of body wall A musculature that is part of a body wall [Obol]. FMA:86931 UBERON:0004462 We exclide WBbt:0005813 - body wall musculature - as the class body wall does not apply to nematodes body wall musculature uberon FMA:86931 body wall musculature A musculature that is part of a body wall [Obol]. OBOL:automatic musculature of hindlimb stylopod A musculature that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Obol]. FMA:50208 UBERON:0004463 muscle group of thigh musculature of thigh set of muscles of thigh thigh musculature uberon FMA:50208 muscle group of thigh FMA:50208 thigh musculature FMA:50208 musculature of thigh A musculature that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:50208 set of muscles of thigh musculature of thorax A musculature that is part of a thorax [Obol]. BTO:0000508 FMA:71293 UBERON:0004464 muscle group of thorax muscles of thorax musculi thoracis note BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here thoracic musculature uberon FMA:71293 FMA:TA musculi thoracis A musculature that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71293 muscles of thorax FMA:71293 muscle group of thorax FMA:71293 thoracic musculature musculature of neck A musculature that is part of a neck [Obol]. AAO:0000091 FMA:71290 MESH:A.02.633.567.650 UBERON:0004465 cervical muscles muscle group of neck muscles of neck musculi cervicis musculi colli neck musculature uberon FMA:71290 muscles of neck A musculature that is part of a neck [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71290 neck musculature FMA:71290 FMA:TA musculi cervicis FMA:71290 muscle group of neck AAO:0000091 cervical muscles FMA:71290 FMA:TA musculi colli musculature of leg A musculature that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000973 UBERON:0004466 UBERON:0005632 leg muscle system see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'. This class represents the class-union of upper leg musculature and lower leg musculature (and thus may not mean precisely the same thing as the EHDAA2 class) uberon A musculature that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0000973 leg muscle system musculature of pharynx A musculature that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. FMA:264609 TAO:0001307 UBERON:0004467 ZFA:0001307 uberon A musculature that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic set of muscles of vertebral column A musculature that is part of a vertebral column [Obol]. FMA:33061 UBERON:0004468 muscle group of vertebral column uberon A musculature that is part of a vertebral column [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:33061 muscle group of vertebral column musculature of back A musculature that is part of a back [Obol]. FMA:71291 UBERON:0004469 muscle group of back muscles of back musculi dorsi uberon A musculature that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71291 FMA:TA musculi dorsi FMA:71291 muscles of back FMA:71291 muscle group of back musculature of pelvic girdle A musculature that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]. AAO:0000427 EHDAA2:0001429 FMA:50205 UBERON:0004470 UBERON:0005633 muscle group of pelvic girdle pelvic girdle muscle system pelvic girdle muscles pelvic girdle musculature uberon EHDAA2:0001429 pelvic girdle muscle system FMA:50205 muscle group of pelvic girdle AAO:0000427 pelvic girdle muscles FMA:50205 pelvic girdle musculature A musculature that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic musculature of pectoral girdle A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. AAO:0000423 FMA:33519 UBERON:0004471 muscle group of pectoral girdle pectoral girdle muscles pectoral girdle musculature uberon FMA:33519 pectoral girdle musculature FMA:33519 muscle group of pectoral girdle AAO:0000423 pectoral girdle muscles A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. UBERON:cjm musculature of chest A musculature that is part of a chest [Obol]. FMA:74779 UBERON:0004472 chest musculature uberon FMA:74779 chest musculature A musculature that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic musculature of face FMA:71288 UBERON:0004473 entire facial musculature facial muscles muscle group of face musculi faciei originally created to reflect the distinction drawn in FMA between a facial muscle and the entire musculature of the face. However, naming both does not serve any particular purpose uberon FMA:71288 FMA:TA musculi faciei FMA:71288 muscle group of face UBERON:cjm entire facial musculature FMA:71288 facial muscles musculature of arm A musculature that is part of an arm [Obol]. FMA:50202 UBERON:0004474 arm musculature muscle group of arm uberon FMA:50202 muscle group of arm A musculature that is part of an arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:50202 arm musculature musculature of hip A musculature that is part of a hip [Obol]. FMA:50227 UBERON:0004475 hip musculature muscle group of hip uberon FMA:50227 hip musculature A musculature that is part of a hip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:50227 muscle group of hip musculature of shoulder A musculature that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. FMA:50220 UBERON:0004476 muscle group of shoulder uberon A musculature that is part of a shoulder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:50220 muscle group of shoulder Set of muscles of tongue A musculature that is part of a tongue [Obol]. FMA:71289 UBERON:0004477 muscle group of tongue muscles of tongue musculi linguae uberon FMA:71289 muscle group of tongue A musculature that is part of a tongue [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71289 muscles of tongue FMA:71289 FMA:TA musculi linguae musculature of larynx A musculature that is part of a larynx [Obol]. FMA:264611 FMA:46616 MESH:A.02.633.567.500 UBERON:0004478 laryngeal muscles laryngeal muscles set muscle group of larynx uberon FMA:46616 laryngeal muscles set FMA:46616 laryngeal muscles A musculature that is part of a larynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:46616 muscle group of larynx musculature of trunk A musculature that is part of a trunk [Obol]. EFO:0003531 FMA:50187 UBERON:0004479 muscle group of trunk uberon FMA:50187 muscle group of trunk A musculature that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic musculature of limb A musculature that is part of a limb [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000995 FMA:50188 UBERON:0004480 UBERON:0005635 limb muscle system limb musculature muscle group of limb uberon EHDAA2:0000995 limb muscle system A musculature that is part of a limb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:50188 limb musculature FMA:50188 muscle group of limb musculature of upper limb A musculature that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. FMA:71296 UBERON:0004481 muscles of upper limb musculi membri superioris uberon upper limb musculature FMA:71296 upper limb musculature A musculature that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71296 FMA:TA musculi membri superioris FMA:71296 muscles of upper limb musculature of lower limb A musculature that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. FMA:71297 UBERON:0004482 muscles of lower limb musculi membri inferioris uberon A musculature that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71297 muscles of lower limb FMA:71297 FMA:TA musculi membri inferioris Set of iliocostalis muscles A musculature that is part of a iliocostalis [Obol]. FMA:33062 UBERON:0004483 iliocostalis muscle group iliocostalis muscles set uberon FMA:33062 iliocostalis muscles set FMA:33062 iliocostalis muscle group A musculature that is part of a iliocostalis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic Set of splenius muscles A musculature that is part of a splenius [Obol]. FMA:22596 UBERON:0004484 splenius muscle group splenius muscles set uberon FMA:22596 splenius muscle group A musculature that is part of a splenius [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:22596 splenius muscles set Set of muscles of pelvis A musculature that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. FMA:50248 UBERON:0004485 muscle group of pelvis uberon FMA:50248 muscle group of pelvis A musculature that is part of a pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic musculature of perineum A musculature that is part of a perineum [Obol]. EMAPA:18923 FMA:71295 UBERON:0004486 musculi perinei perineal muscles perineal muscles set uberon FMA:71295 perineal muscles FMA:71295 FMA:TA musculi perinei A musculature that is part of a perineum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71295 perineal muscles set musculature of forearm A musculature that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. FMA:39089 UBERON:0004487 muscle group of forearm uberon A musculature that is part of a lower arm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:39089 muscle group of forearm musculature of foot A musculature that is part of a foot [Obol]. FMA:50214 UBERON:0004488 foot musculature muscle group of foot uberon FMA:50214 muscle group of foot A musculature that is part of a foot [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:50214 foot musculature musculature of hand A musculature that is part of a hand [Obol]. FMA:42368 UBERON:0004489 hand musculature muscle group of hand uberon FMA:42368 hand musculature A musculature that is part of a hand [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:42368 muscle group of hand cardiac muscle tissue of atrium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Obol]. FMA:7283 UBERON:0004490 uberon A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Obol]. FMA:84083 UBERON:0004491 uberon A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Obol]. FMA:226279 UBERON:0004492 uberon A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Obol]. FMA:261726 UBERON:0004493 uberon A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Obol]. FMA:84425 UBERON:0004494 uberon A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Obol]. FMA:261898 UBERON:0004495 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Obol]. FMA:261992 UBERON:0004496 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Obol]. FMA:261980 UBERON:0004497 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a quadriceps femoris [Obol]. FMA:261998 UBERON:0004498 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a quadriceps femoris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of tibialis anterior A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tibialis anterior [Obol]. FMA:262004 UBERON:0004499 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tibialis anterior [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Obol]. FMA:261732 UBERON:0004500 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of teres major A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Obol]. FMA:261962 UBERON:0004501 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Obol]. FMA:261974 UBERON:0004502 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of digastric A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a digastric [Obol]. FMA:261872 UBERON:0004503 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a digastric [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of mylohyoid A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mylohyoid [Obol]. FMA:261878 UBERON:0004504 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mylohyoid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of orbicularis oculi A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a orbicularis oculi [Obol]. FMA:261812 UBERON:0004505 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a orbicularis oculi [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of masseter A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a masseter [Obol]. FMA:261824 UBERON:0004506 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a masseter [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of temporalis A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a temporalis [Obol]. FMA:261740 UBERON:0004507 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a temporalis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of levator palpebrae superioris A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a levator palpebrae superioris [Obol]. FMA:261782 UBERON:0004508 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a levator palpebrae superioris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Obol]. FMA:261938 UBERON:0004509 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of pectoralis major A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pectoralis major [Obol]. FMA:261968 UBERON:0004510 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pectoralis major [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Obol]. FMA:261924 UBERON:0004511 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Obol]. FMA:261956 UBERON:0004512 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Obol]. FMA:261888 UBERON:0004513 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Obol]. FMA:261892 UBERON:0004514 uberon A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:261045 FMA:261081 UBERON:0004515 smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:261081 smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:261051 UBERON:0004516 uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:261055 UBERON:0004517 uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic muscle of vertebral column A muscle organ that is part of a vertebral column [Obol]. FMA:22594 UBERON:0004518 uberon vertebral column muscle A muscle organ that is part of a vertebral column [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:22594 vertebral column muscle muscle of anal triangle A muscle organ that is part of an anal region [Obol]. FMA:77304 UBERON:0004519 anal triangle muscle uberon A muscle organ that is part of an anal region [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:77304 anal triangle muscle striated muscle tissue of prostate A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Obol]. FMA:45716 UBERON:0004520 uberon A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic vasculature of muscle organ A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Obol]. FMA:87123 UBERON:0004521 muscular organ vasculature uberon FMA:87123 muscular organ vasculature A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Obol]. OBOL:automatic vasculature of musculoskeletal system A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Obol]. FMA:239607 UBERON:0004522 uberon A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic papillary muscle of right ventricle A papillary muscle that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004544 FMA:7259 UBERON:0004523 uberon A papillary muscle that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic papillary muscle of left ventricle A papillary muscle that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001398 FMA:9352 UBERON:0004524 uberon A papillary muscle that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]. FMA:84429 UBERON:0004525 uberon A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]. FMA:84430 UBERON:0004526 uberon A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic alveolar process of maxilla FMA:52897 MA:0001492 SCTID:245795005 UBERON:0001696 UBERON:0004527 alveolar margin of maxilla alveolar part of maxilla alveolar ridge of maxilla lower alveolar ridge maxilla alveolar process posterior alveolar ridge processus alveolaris (maxilla) thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible. The mineral content of alveolar bone is mostly hydroxyapatite, which is also found in enamel as the main inorganic substance[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Alveolar_process thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible. The mineral content of alveolar bone is mostly hydroxyapatite, which is also found in enamel as the main inorganic substance[WP]. alveolar ridge of mandible FMA:52832 SCTID:245791001 The alveolar part of mandible is the part of the mandible, adjacent to the teeth, containing the dental alveolus. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004528 alveolar margin of mandible alveolar part of mandible alveolar process of mandible anterior alveolar ridge pars alveolaris (mandibula) pars alveolaris mandibulae uberon upper alveolar ridge The alveolar part of mandible is the part of the mandible, adjacent to the teeth, containing the dental alveolus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible FMA:52832 alveolar process of mandible FMA:52832 pars alveolaris (mandibula) Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible pars alveolaris mandibulae anatomical projection AAO:0010278 FMA:67601 HAO:0000822 UBERON:0004529 XAO:0004020 a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. anatomical process organ process process process of organ projection uberon Wikipedia:Process_(anatomy) a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. bony projection FMA:75433 Portion of connective tissue that is an extension of a bone. TAO:0001834 UBERON:0004530 VSAO:0000180 ZFA:0001637 bone process process projection of bone uberon VSAO:0000180 process left side of organism UBERON:0004531 true uberon right side of organism UBERON:0004532 true uberon left testicle A testis that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. FMA:7212 MA:0001746 SCTID:367720001 UBERON:0004533 left testis ncithesaurus:Left_Testis uberon A testis that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001746 left testis right testicle A testis that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. FMA:7211 MA:0001747 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjM25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:367719007 UBERON:0004534 ncithesaurus:Right_Testis right testis uberon MA:0001747 right testis A testis that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic cardiovascular system AAO:0011001 Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BILA:0000016 BTO:0000088 CV system EFO:0000791 EHDAA2:0000216 EHDAA:394 EMAPA:16104 EMAPA:16370 EV:0100017 FMA:7161 GAID:467 Herz und Gefaesssystem MA:0000010 MAT:0000016 MESH:A.07 MIAA:0000016 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:278198007 TAO:0000010 UBERON:0004535 VHOG:0000302 XAO:0000100 XAO:0001010 ZFA:0000010 ncithesaurus:Cardiovascular_System uberon BTO:0000088 CV system BTO:0000088 Herz und Gefaesssystem Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BTO:0000088 lymph vasculature A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. FMA:63815 TAO:0005105 UBERON:0004536 ZFA:0005105 lymphatic trunks and ducts lymphatic vasculature lymphatic vessel network lymphatic vessels set set of lymphatic vessels trunci et ductus lymphatici uberon FMA:63815 lymphatic vessels set FMA:63815 lymphatic trunks and ducts A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. ZFA:0005105 FMA:63815 FMA:TA trunci et ductus lymphatici blood vasculature TAO:0001079 UBERON:0004537 ZFA:0001079 a vascular network consisting of blood vessels blood vascular network set of blood vessels uberon UBERON:cjm a vascular network consisting of blood vessels left kidney A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. FMA:7205 MA:0001655 SCTID:362209008 UBERON:0004538 ncithesaurus:Left_Kidney uberon A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic right kidney A kidney that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. FMA:7204 MA:0001683 SCTID:362208000 UBERON:0004539 ncithesaurus:Right_Kidney uberon A kidney that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic proper plantar digital artery . FMA:71564 MA:0001968 UBERON:0004540 arteriae digitales plantares propriae arteriae digitales plantares propriae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray1237.svg/200px-Gray1237.svg.png plantar digital artery proper proper plantar digital arteries the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery. We use the FMA set term as it is the closest match, but the semantics of set terms are unclear uberon FMA:71564 FMA:TA arteriae digitales plantares propriae MA:0001968 proper plantar digital arteries . Wikipedia:Proper_plantar_digital_arteries Wikipedia:Proper_plantar_digital_arteries arteriae digitales plantares propriae epididymis epithelium A simple columnar epithelium that is part of a epididymis [Obol]. EMAPA:30445 Epididymis epithelium FMA:19153 MA:0002825 UBERON:0004544 epithelium of epididymis uberon FMA:19153 epithelium of epididymis Epididymis epithelium FMA:19153 A simple columnar epithelium that is part of a epididymis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic external capsule External capsule is an organ subdivision of the telencephalon which is made up primarily of myelinated axonal neural tissue (white matter). The external capsule is a sheet-like fiber bundle located lateral to the to the putamen and globus pallidus which projects dorsally to the white matter underlying the cerebral cortex[FMA]. FMA:61959 MA:0002896 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010013 SCTID:279300007 UBERON:0004545 capsula externa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg/200px-Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg ncithesaurus:External_Capsule uberon External capsule is an organ subdivision of the telencephalon which is made up primarily of myelinated axonal neural tissue (white matter). The external capsule is a sheet-like fiber bundle located lateral to the to the putamen and globus pallidus which projects dorsally to the white matter underlying the cerebral cortex[FMA]. FMA:61959 Wikipedia:External_capsule Wikipedia:External_capsule capsula externa cribriform plate BTO:0004141 EMAPA:19201 FMA:52890 MA:0002898 SCTID:282814006 The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities. Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the crista galli, so called from its resemblance to a cock's comb. The long thin posterior border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the falx cerebri. Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone, and presents two small projecting alæ, which are received into corresponding depressions in the frontal bone and complete the foramen cecum. Its sides are smooth, and sometimes bulging from the presence of a small air sinus in the interior. On either side of the crista galli, the cribriform plate is narrow and deeply grooved; it supports the olfactory bulb and is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and transmit the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity; those at the medial and lateral parts of the groove are larger—the former transmit the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum, the latter those to the superior nasal concha. At the front part of the cribriform plate, on either side of the crista galli, is a small fissure which is occupied by a process of dura mater. Lateral to this fissure is a notch or foramen which transmits the nasociliary nerve; from this notch a groove extends backward to the anterior ethmoidal foramen. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004546 cribiform plate of ethmoid bone ethmoid bone lamina cribrosa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray149.png/200px-Gray149.png lamina cribrosa of ethmoid bone lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis uberon Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate cribiform plate of ethmoid bone MA BTO:0004141 ethmoid bone lamina cribrosa The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities. Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the crista galli, so called from its resemblance to a cock's comb. The long thin posterior border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the falx cerebri. Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone, and presents two small projecting alæ, which are received into corresponding depressions in the frontal bone and complete the foramen cecum. Its sides are smooth, and sometimes bulging from the presence of a small air sinus in the interior. On either side of the crista galli, the cribriform plate is narrow and deeply grooved; it supports the olfactory bulb and is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and transmit the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity; those at the medial and lateral parts of the groove are larger—the former transmit the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum, the latter those to the superior nasal concha. At the front part of the cribriform plate, on either side of the crista galli, is a small fissure which is occupied by a process of dura mater. Lateral to this fissure is a notch or foramen which transmits the nasociliary nerve; from this notch a groove extends backward to the anterior ethmoidal foramen. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate BTO:0004141 lamina cribrosa of ethmoid bone decidua capsularis Endometrium that covers the implanted blastocyst. FMA:86478 MA:0002906 SCTID:255498003 UBERON:0004547 ncithesaurus:Decidua_Capsularis uberon Endometrium that covers the implanted blastocyst. http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm left eye An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. FMA:12515 MA:0002949 SCTID:362503005 UBERON:0004548 left eyeball left orbital part of face left orbital region uberon FMA:54450 left orbital part of face FMA:54450 left orbital region An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:12515 left eyeball right eye An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. FMA:12514 MA:0002950 SCTID:362502000 UBERON:0004549 right eyeball right orbital part of face right orbital region uberon FMA:54449 right orbital region FMA:12514 right eyeball An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:54449 right orbital part of face gastroesophageal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of a cardia of stomach [Obol]. FMA:14915 MA:0002951 SCTID:267809009 UBERON:0004550 cardiac sphincter galen:LowerEsophagealSphincter gastroesophageal sphincter inferior esophageal sphincter lower esophageal sphincter ncithesaurus:Lower_Esophageal_Sphincter todo - split? check FMA:63048 uberon FMA:14915 gastroesophageal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of a cardia of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14915 inferior esophageal sphincter MA:0002951 lower esophageal sphincter MA:0002951 cardiac sphincter set of proper plantar digital arteries UBERON:0004551 arteriae digitales plantares propriae plantar digital arteries proper plantar digital arteries proper set this class was made obsolete, as uberon does not include 'Set of X' classes. For now, the FMA class for set of plantar digital arteries proper is under UBERON:0004540, but it is unclear if this is correct true uberon FMA:71564 plantar digital arteries proper set FMA:71564 plantar digital arteries proper FMA:71564 FMA:TA arteriae digitales plantares propriae digital artery An artery that is part of a digit [Obol]. MA:0001941 SCTID:181335004 UBERON:0004552 check part_of - do we need term for digit + metacarpal/tarsal bones? uberon An artery that is part of a digit [Obol]. OBOL:automatic forelimb digital artery A digital artery that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. MA:0001953 UBERON:0004553 forelimb digital arteries uberon A digital artery that is part of a forelimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001953 forelimb digital arteries hindlimb digital artery A digital artery that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. FMA:69713 MA:0001964 UBERON:0004554 digital artery of foot hindlimb digital arteries uberon MA:0001964 hindlimb digital arteries A digital artery that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:69713 digital artery of foot proper palmar digital vein FMA:22926 MA:0002126 Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal. UBERON:0004561 UBERON:FMA_22923-MA_0002121 common palmar digital venous tributary distal palmar digital vein proper palmal vein proper palmar vein tributary of common palmar digital vein uberon Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins distal palmar digital vein FMA:22926 common palmar digital venous tributary FMA/obol MA:0002126 proper palmar vein MA:0002126 proper palmal vein FMA:22926 tributary of common palmar digital vein digital vein MA:0002101 UBERON:0004562 check part_of - do we need term for digit + metacarpal/tarsal bones? ncithesaurus:Digital_Vein uberon forelimb digital vein MA:0002120 UBERON:0004563 forelimb digital veins uberon MA:0002120 forelimb digital veins hindlimb digital vein A digital vein that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. MA:0002133 UBERON:0004564 hindlimb digital veins uberon A digital vein that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0002133 hindlimb digital veins systemic arterial system FMA:45623 Systemic arterial circulatory system UBERON:0004571 the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. uberon Wikipedia:Systemic_circulation#Arteries the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:45623 Systemic arterial circulatory system MA-inferred arterial system BTO:0004690 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA:396 EMAPA:16201 EMAPA:16371 MA:0002719 SCTID:362030008 The arterial system is the higher-pressure portion of the circulatory system. UBERON:0004572 VHOG:0000273 uberon EHDAA2 MA BTO:0004690 The arterial system is the higher-pressure portion of the circulatory system. systemic artery FMA:66464 Systemic arteries are the arteries of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. UBERON:0004573 systemic arterial subtree uberon Systemic arteries are the arteries of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Wikipedia:Artery#Systemic_arteries FMA:66464 systemic arterial subtree systemic venous system BTO:0004692 EHDAA2:0002171 EHDAA:486 FMA:45626 Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP]. Systemic venous circulatory system UBERON:0004581 VHOG:0000277 ncithesaurus:Venous_System uberon FMA:45626 Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP]. Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system FMA:45626 Systemic venous circulatory system venous system BTO:0004692 EHDAA2:0002171 EHDAA:486 EMAPA:16240 MA:0002720 SCTID:362060003 UBERON:0004582 VHOG:0000277 ncithesaurus:Venous_System uberon vein system MA sphincter muscle FMA class is not a subtype of muscle FMA:75004 UBERON:0004590 a structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. circular muscle ncithesaurus:Sphincter sphincter uberon Wikipedia:Sphincter a structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. rib 1 1 Costa prima (I) FMA:7597 MA:0001401 SCTID:182016005 The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is small, rounded, and possesses only a single articular facet, for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. The neck is narrow and rounded. The tubercle, thick and prominent, is placed on the outer border. There is no angle, but at the tubercle the rib is slightly bent, with the convexity upward, so that the head of the bone is directed downward. The upper surface of the body is marked by two shallow grooves, separated from each other by a slight ridge prolonged internally into a tubercle, the scalene tubercle, for the attachment of the Scalenus anterior; the anterior groove transmits the subclavian vein, the posterior the subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus. Behind the posterior groove is a rough area for the attachment of the Scalenus medius. The under surface is smooth, and destitute of a costal groove. The outer border is convex, thick, and rounded, and at its posterior part gives attachment to the first digitation of the Serratus anterior. The inner border is concave, thin, and sharp, and marked about its center by the scalene tubercle. The anterior extremity is larger and thicker than that of any of the other ribs. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004601 costa prima elements are to be defined spatially/topologically first rib http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray124.png/200px-Gray124.png ncithesaurus:Rib_1 uberon Wikipedia:First_rib costa prima Costa prima (I) FMA:7597 The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is small, rounded, and possesses only a single articular facet, for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. The neck is narrow and rounded. The tubercle, thick and prominent, is placed on the outer border. There is no angle, but at the tubercle the rib is slightly bent, with the convexity upward, so that the head of the bone is directed downward. The upper surface of the body is marked by two shallow grooves, separated from each other by a slight ridge prolonged internally into a tubercle, the scalene tubercle, for the attachment of the Scalenus anterior; the anterior groove transmits the subclavian vein, the posterior the subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus. Behind the posterior groove is a rough area for the attachment of the Scalenus medius. The under surface is smooth, and destitute of a costal groove. The outer border is convex, thick, and rounded, and at its posterior part gives attachment to the first digitation of the Serratus anterior. The inner border is concave, thin, and sharp, and marked about its center by the scalene tubercle. The anterior extremity is larger and thicker than that of any of the other ribs. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:First_rib FMA:7597 first rib rib 2 2 Costa secunda (II) FMA:7620 MA:0001402 SCTID:244656007 The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the Serratus anterior; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004602 costa secunda elements are to be defined spatially/topologically http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray125.png/200px-Gray125.png ncithesaurus:Rib_2 second rib uberon FMA:7620 second rib The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the Serratus anterior; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Second_rib Wikipedia:Second_rib costa secunda Costa secunda (II) FMA:7620 rib 3 3 FMA:7638 MA:0001403 SCTID:244658008 UBERON:0004603 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:Rib_3 third rib uberon FMA:7638 third rib rib 4 4 FMA:7749 MA:0001404 SCTID:244659000 UBERON:0004604 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically fourth rib ncithesaurus:Rib_4 uberon FMA:7749 fourth rib rib 5 5 FMA:7776 MA:0001405 SCTID:244660005 UBERON:0004605 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically fifth rib ncithesaurus:Rib_5 uberon FMA:7776 fifth rib rib 6 6 FMA:8147 MA:0001406 SCTID:244661009 UBERON:0004606 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:Rib_6 sixth rib uberon FMA:8147 sixth rib rib 7 7 FMA:7830 MA:0001407 SCTID:244662002 UBERON:0004607 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:Rib_7 seventh rib uberon FMA:7830 seventh rib rib 9 9 FMA:8337 MA:0001409 SCTID:244664001 UBERON:0004608 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:Rib_9 ninth rib uberon FMA:8337 ninth rib rib 10 10 FMA:8418 MA:0001410 SCTID:244665000 The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004609 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray126.png/200px-Gray126.png ncithesaurus:Rib_10 tenth rib uberon The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tenth_rib FMA:8418 tenth rib rib 11 11 FMA:8499 MA:0001411 SCTID:244666004 The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004610 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically eleventh rib ncithesaurus:Rib_11 uberon The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Eleventh_rib FMA:8499 eleventh rib rib 12 12 FMA:8515 In humans: The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The twelfth has angle nor costal groove; it is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Sometimes the twelfth rib is even shorter than the first rib. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0001412 SCTID:244667008 UBERON:0004611 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray128.png/200px-Gray128.png ncithesaurus:Rib_12 twelfth rib uberon FMA:8515 twelfth rib In humans: The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The twelfth has angle nor costal groove; it is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Sometimes the twelfth rib is even shorter than the first rib. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Twelfth_rib mammalian cervical vertebra 3 3 C3 vertebra EMAPA:19433 FMA:12521 MA:0001423 SCTID:181823007 UBERON:0004612 cervical vertebra 3 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae ncithesaurus:C3_Vertebra third cervical vertebra uberon C3 vertebra FMA:12521 FMA:12521 third cervical vertebra FMA MA:0001423 cervical vertebra 3 mammalian cervical vertebra 4 4 C4 vertebra EMAPA:19434 FMA:12522 MA:0001424 SCTID:181824001 UBERON:0004613 cervical vertebra 4 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae fourth cervical vertebra ncithesaurus:C4_Vertebra uberon FMA FMA:12522 fourth cervical vertebra MA:0001424 cervical vertebra 4 C4 vertebra FMA:12522 mammalian cervical vertebra 5 5 C5 vertebra EMAPA:19435 FMA:12523 MA:0001425 SCTID:181825000 UBERON:0004614 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae fifth cervical vertebra ncithesaurus:C5_Vertebra uberon FMA:12523 fifth cervical vertebra C5 vertebra FMA:12523 FMA mammalian cervical vertebra 6 6 C6 vertebra EMAPA:19466 FMA:12524 MA:0001426 SCTID:181826004 UBERON:0004615 cervical vertebra 6 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae ncithesaurus:C6_Vertebra sixth cervical vertebra uberon C6 vertebra FMA:12524 MA:0001426 cervical vertebra 6 FMA:12524 sixth cervical vertebra FMA mammalian cervical vertebra 7 7 C7 vertebra EMAPA:19467 FMA:12525 MA:0001427 SCTID:181827008 UBERON:0004616 cervical vertebra 7 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae ncithesaurus:C7_Vertebra prominent vertebra seventh cervical vertebra uberon vertebra prominens (CVII) MA:0001427 cervical vertebra 7 FMA:12525 seventh cervical vertebra FMA FMA:12525 prominent vertebra FMA:12525 vertebra prominens (CVII) C7 vertebra FMA:12525 lumbar vertebra 1 EMAPA:19472 FMA:13072 L1 vertebra MA:0001428 SCTID:181841004 UBERON:0004617 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically first lumbar vertebra ncithesaurus:L1_Vertebra uberon FMA:13072 L1 vertebra FMA:13072 first lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra 2 EMAPA:19570 FMA:13073 L2 vertebra MA:0001429 SCTID:181842006 UBERON:0004618 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:L2_Vertebra second lumbar vertebra uberon FMA:13073 L2 vertebra FMA FMA:13073 second lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra 3 EMAPA:19571 FMA:13074 L3 vertebra MA:0001430 SCTID:181843001 UBERON:0004619 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:L3_Vertebra third lumbar vertebra uberon FMA:13074 third lumbar vertebra FMA FMA:13074 L3 vertebra lumbar vertebra 4 EMAPA:19572 FMA:13075 L4 vertebra MA:0001431 SCTID:181844007 UBERON:0004620 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically fourth lumbar vertebra ncithesaurus:L4_Vertebra uberon FMA:13075 L4 vertebra FMA:13075 fourth lumbar vertebra FMA lumbar vertebra 5 EMAPA:19573 FMA:13076 L5 vertebra MA:0001432 SCTID:181845008 UBERON:0004621 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically fifth lumbar vertebra ncithesaurus:L5_Vertebra uberon FMA:13076 fifth lumbar vertebra FMA FMA:13076 L5 vertebra sacral vertebra 1 EMAPA:19588 FMA:13077 First sacral segment First segment of sacrum MA:0001434 S1 vertebra SCTID:181846009 UBERON:0004622 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically first sacral vertebra ncithesaurus:S1_Vertebra uberon FMA:13077 First sacral segment FMA:13077 S1 vertebra FMA:13077 First segment of sacrum FMA:13077 first sacral vertebra sacral vertebra 2 EMAPA:19589 FMA:13078 MA:0001435 S2 vertebra SCTID:181847000 Second sacral segment Second segment of sacrum UBERON:0004623 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:S2_Vertebra second sacral vertebra uberon FMA:13078 Second sacral segment FMA:13078 second sacral vertebra FMA:13078 Second segment of sacrum FMA:13078 S2 vertebra sacral vertebra 3 EMAPA:19590 FMA:13079 MA:0001436 S3 vertebra SCTID:181848005 Third sacral segment Third segment of sacrum UBERON:0004624 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:S3_Vertebra third sacral vertebra uberon FMA:13079 Third segment of sacrum FMA:13079 third sacral vertebra FMA:13079 Third sacral segment FMA:13079 S3 vertebra sacral vertebra 4 EMAPA:19591 FMA:13080 Fourth sacral segment Fourth segment of sacrum MA:0001437 S4 vertebra SCTID:181849002 UBERON:0004625 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically fourth sacral vertebra ncithesaurus:S4_Vertebra uberon FMA:13080 Fourth sacral segment FMA:13080 fourth sacral vertebra FMA:13080 S4 vertebra FMA:13080 Fourth segment of sacrum thoracic vertebra 1 EMAPA:19542 FMA:9165 First dorsal vertebra MA:0001438 SCTID:181828003 T1 vertebra UBERON:0004626 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically first thoracic vertebra ncithesaurus:T1_Vertebra uberon FMA:9165 first thoracic vertebra FMA:9165 T1 vertebra FMA:9165 First dorsal vertebra thoracic vertebra 2 EMAPA:19543 FMA:9187 MA:0001439 SCTID:181829006 Second dorsal vertebra T2 vertebra UBERON:0004627 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:T2_Vertebra second thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:9187 Second dorsal vertebra FMA:9187 T2 vertebra FMA FMA:9187 second thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 3 EMAPA:19544 FMA:9209 MA:0001440 SCTID:181830001 T3 vertebra Third dorsal vertebra UBERON:0004628 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:T3_Vertebra third thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:9209 Third dorsal vertebra FMA FMA:9209 T3 vertebra FMA:9209 third thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 4 EMAPA:19545 FMA:9248 Fourth dorsal vertebra MA:0001441 SCTID:181831002 T4 vertebra UBERON:0004629 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically fourth thoracic vertebra ncithesaurus:T4_Vertebra uberon FMA:9248 fourth thoracic vertebra FMA:9248 T4 vertebra FMA:9248 Fourth dorsal vertebra FMA thoracic vertebra 5 EMAPA:19546 FMA:9922 Fifth dorsal vertebra MA:0001442 SCTID:181832009 T5 vertebra UBERON:0004630 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically fifth thoracic vertebra ncithesaurus:T5_Vertebra uberon FMA:9922 T5 vertebra FMA:9922 Fifth dorsal vertebra FMA:9922 fifth thoracic vertebra FMA thoracic vertebra 6 EMAPA:19547 FMA:9945 MA:0001443 SCTID:181834005 Sixth dorsal vertebra T6 vertebra UBERON:0004631 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:T6_Vertebra sixth thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:9945 sixth thoracic vertebra FMA:9945 Sixth dorsal vertebra FMA:9945 T6 vertebra FMA thoracic vertebra 7 EMAPA:19548 FMA:9968 MA:0001444 SCTID:181835006 Seventh dorsal vertebra T7 vertebra UBERON:0004632 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:T7_Vertebra seventh thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:9968 seventh thoracic vertebra FMA:9968 T7 vertebra FMA:9968 Seventh dorsal vertebra FMA thoracic vertebra 9 EMAPA:19550 FMA:10014 MA:0001446 Ninth dorsal vertebra SCTID:181837003 T9 vertebra UBERON:0004633 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:T9_Vertebra ninth thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:10014 Ninth dorsal vertebra FMA:10014 T9 vertebra FMA FMA:10014 ninth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 10 EMAPA:19551 FMA:10037 MA:0001447 SCTID:181838008 T10 vertebra Tenth dorsal vertebra UBERON:0004634 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:T10_Vertebra tenth thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:10037 T10 vertebra FMA FMA:10037 tenth thoracic vertebra FMA:10037 Tenth dorsal vertebra thoracic vertebra 11 EMAPA:19552 Eleventh dorsal vertebra FMA:10059 MA:0001448 SCTID:181839000 T11 vertebra UBERON:0004635 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically eleventh thoracic vertebra ncithesaurus:T11_Vertebra uberon FMA FMA:10059 eleventh thoracic vertebra Eleventh dorsal vertebra FMA:10059 FMA:10059 T11 vertebra thoracic vertebra 12 EMAPA:19553 FMA:10081 MA:0001449 SCTID:181840003 T12 vertebra Twelfth dorsal vertebra UBERON:0004636 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:T12_Vertebra twelfth thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:10081 Twelfth dorsal vertebra FMA:10081 T12 vertebra FMA:10081 twelfth thoracic vertebra FMA otic capsule AAO:0010143 SCTID:361515007 Taxon notes: developmental relationships need to be checked The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism; in elasmobranchs, it remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)[Biology-Online]. Bilaterally paired cartilage encasing the semicircular canals of the inner ear[ZFA]. UBERON:0004637 VHOG:0000854 auditory capsule otic capsule periotic periotic capsule uberon VHOG:0000854 periotic capsule ZFA:0001500 otic capsule VHOG:0000854 auditory capsule EHDAA2 The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism; in elasmobranchs, it remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)[Biology-Online]. Bilaterally paired cartilage encasing the semicircular canals of the inner ear[ZFA]. ZFA:0001500 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/otic+capsule http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Otic_capsule blood vessel endothelium An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart BTO:0000766 MA:0000709 TAO:0005257 UBERON:0004638 ZFA:0005257 ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel_Endothelium uberon An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart UBERON:cjm afferent arteriole EMAPA:28230 EMAPA:28266 MA:0002579 MP:0011312 SCTID:67498004 TAO:0002139 The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus. When renal blood flow is reduced, the macula densa releases prostaglandins, which cause the juxtaglomerular cells lining the afferent arterioles to release renin, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, to increase blood pressure. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004639 ZFA:0005307 arteriola glomerularis afferens kidney afferent arteriole uberon The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus. When renal blood flow is reduced, the macula densa releases prostaglandins, which cause the juxtaglomerular cells lining the afferent arterioles to release renin, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, to increase blood pressure. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles MP:0011312 kidney afferent arteriole Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles arteriola glomerularis afferens efferent arteriole EMAPA:28233 EMAPA:28275 MA:0002585 SCTID:29926005 TAO:0002140 The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. The efferent arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus. They play an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in blood pressure. In the mammalian kidney they follow two markedly different courses, depending on the location of the glomeruli from which they arise. In the mammalian kidney about 15% of glomeruli lie close to the boundary between the renal cortex and renal medulla and are known as juxtamedullary glomeruli. The rest are simply undifferentiated cortical glomeruli. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004640 ZFA:0005308 arteriola glomerularis efferens capsulae renalis kidney efferent arteriole uberon Wikipedia:Efferent_arteriole arteriola glomerularis efferens capsulae renalis The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. The efferent arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus. They play an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in blood pressure. In the mammalian kidney they follow two markedly different courses, depending on the location of the glomeruli from which they arise. In the mammalian kidney about 15% of glomeruli lie close to the boundary between the renal cortex and renal medulla and are known as juxtamedullary glomeruli. The rest are simply undifferentiated cortical glomeruli. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Efferent_arteriole MP:0011313 kidney efferent arteriole spleen capsule A capsule that is part of a spleen [Obol]. FMA:15849 MA:0000753 Malpighian capsule SCTID:329635002 UBERON:0004641 capsule of spleen fibroelastic coat of spleen fibrous capsule of spleen ncithesaurus:Splenic_Capsule splenic capsule tunica fibrosa (splen)(lien) uberon FMA:15849 fibrous capsule of spleen A capsule that is part of a spleen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:15849 splenic capsule FMA:15849 fibroelastic coat of spleen FMA:15849 tunica fibrosa (splen)(lien) FMA:15849 capsule of spleen FMA:15849 Malpighian capsule third ventricle ependyma 3rd ventricle ependyma An ependyma that is part of a third ventricle [Obol]. FMA:242833 MA:0000882 SCTID:362316006 UBERON:0004642 ependyma of third ventricle uberon 3rd ventricle ependyma MA:0000882 An ependyma that is part of a third ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0000882 ependyma of third ventricle lateral ventricle ependyma An ependyma that is part of a lateral ventricle [Obol]. FMA:242825 MA:0000964 SCTID:369275002 UBERON:0004643 ependyma of lateral ventricle ncithesaurus:Lateral_Ventricle_Ependyma uberon An ependyma that is part of a lateral ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:242825 ependyma of lateral ventricle fourth ventricle ependyma 4th ventricle ependyma An ependyma that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. FMA:242835 MA:0000986 SCTID:369277005 UBERON:0004644 ependyma of fourth ventricle ncithesaurus:Fourth_Ventricle_Ependyma uberon FMA:242835 ependyma of fourth ventricle An ependyma that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic 4th ventricle ependyma MA:0000986 urinary bladder urothelium BTO:0001694 FMA:15936 MA:0001693 SCTID:25631003 UBERON:0004645 bladder transitional cell epithelium ncithesaurus:Transitional_Epithelium transitional epithelium transitional epithelium of urinary bladder uberon urinary bladder transitional epithelium urothelium urothelium of urinary bladder MA:0001693 transitional epithelium BTO:0001245 urothelium FMA:15936 transitional epithelium of urinary bladder FMA:15936 bladder transitional cell epithelium FMA:15936 urinary bladder transitional epithelium FMA:15936 urothelium of urinary bladder infraorbital artery FMA:49767 MA:0001977 SCTID:148167004 The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004646 a. infraorbitalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gray511.png/200px-Gray511.png infra-orbital artery ncithesaurus:Infraorbital_Artery uberon FMA:49767 infra-orbital artery The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Infraorbital_artery Wikipedia:Infraorbital_artery a. infraorbitalis liver lobule FMA:14471 MA:0002494 SCTID:362194004 UBERON:0004647 hepatic lobule lobulus hepaticus ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Lobule uberon FMA FMA:14471 hepatic lobule FMA FMA:14471 lobulus hepaticus esophagus muscularis mucosa FMA:63059 MA:0002681 SCTID:47720007 UBERON:0004648 esophagus muscularis mucosae lamina muscularis of esophageal mucous membrane muscularis mucosae of esophagus ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Muscularis_Mucosa uberon FMA:63059 muscularis mucosae of esophagus FMA:63059 lamina muscularis of esophageal mucous membrane sphenoid bone pterygoid process AAO:0010086 FMA:54682 MA:0002774 SCTID:140390001 The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, the upper parts of which are fused anteriorly; a vertical sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, descends on the front of the line of fusion. The plates are separated below by an angular cleft, the pterygoid fissure (or pterygoid notch), the margins of which are rough for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone. The two plates diverge behind and enclose between them a V-shaped fossa, the pterygoid fossa, which contains pterygoideus internus and tensor veli palatini. Above this fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the tensor veli palatini. The anterior surface of the pterygoid process is broad and triangular near its root, where it forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and presents the anterior orifice of the pterygoid canal. UBERON:0004649 processus pterygoideus processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis pterygoid plate pterygoid process pterygoid process pterygoid process of sphenoid pterygoid process of sphenoid bone pterygoid process of sphenoid bone pterygoid processes pterygoid processus todo - check AAO:0000521-pterygoid and MA:0001471-pterygoid bone. MA also has 'inner plate of pterygoid process' as a syn for MA:0001471, FMA has lateral/medial plates. Seems likely inner = lateral (see MP:0004452). uberon Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis FMA:54682 pterygoid process Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid pterygoid plate FMA:54682 FMA:TA processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis FMA:54682 pterygoid process of sphenoid Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid pterygoid processes FMA:54682 pterygoid process of sphenoid bone FMA:54682 processus pterygoideus Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid pterygoid process Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid pterygoid processus The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, the upper parts of which are fused anteriorly; a vertical sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, descends on the front of the line of fusion. The plates are separated below by an angular cleft, the pterygoid fissure (or pterygoid notch), the margins of which are rough for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone. The two plates diverge behind and enclose between them a V-shaped fossa, the pterygoid fossa, which contains pterygoideus internus and tensor veli palatini. Above this fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the tensor veli palatini. The anterior surface of the pterygoid process is broad and triangular near its root, where it forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and presents the anterior orifice of the pterygoid canal. Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid MA:0002774 pterygoid process of sphenoid bone tongue keratinized epithelium FMA:74865 MA:0002787 UBERON:0004650 keratinized epithelium of tongue uberon FMA:74865 keratinized epithelium of tongue scapula spine EMAPA:25123 FMA:13453 MA:0002806 SCTID:181916005 Taxon notes: the cleithrum, the major shoulder bone of extinct land vertebrate ancestors,.. appears to survive as the scapular spine in living mammals[Matsuoka, PMC1352163] UBERON:0004651 a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png/200px-Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png scapular spine spina scapulae spine of scapula uberon FMA:13453 spine of scapula Wikipedia:Spine_of_scapula spina scapulae FMA:13453 MA:0002806 scapular spine FMA FMA Wikipedia:Spine_of_scapula a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. humerus diaphysis EMAPA:25051 FMA:13305 MA:0002807 SCTID:181927007 UBERON:0004652 body of humerus corpus humeri diaphysis of humerus humeral diaphysis shaft of humerus uberon FMA:13305 shaft of humerus FMA:13305 diaphysis of humerus FMA:13305 body of humerus FMA:13305 FMA:TA corpus humeri FMA:13305 humeral diaphysis temporal process of zygomatic bone EMAPA:19015 FMA:52904 MA:0002812 SCTID:122772003 The temporal process of the zygomatic bone, directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. UBERON:0004654 facies temporalis ossis zygomatici http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray166.png/200px-Gray166.png processus temporalis (os zygomaticum) uberon zygomatic bone temporal process FMA:52904 processus temporalis (os zygomaticum) Wikipedia:Temporal_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone facies temporalis ossis zygomatici The temporal process of the zygomatic bone, directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. Wikipedia:Temporal_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone MA:0002812 zygomatic bone temporal process zygomatic process of temporal bone EMAPA:19015 FMA:52886 MA:0002811 SCTID:414110008 The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. It articulates with the zygomatic bone. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward; it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward. UBERON:0004653 UBERON:0004655 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray137.png/200px-Gray137.png processus zygomaticus processus zygomaticus ossis temporalis temporal bone zygomatic process temporal zygomatic process uberon The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. It articulates with the zygomatic bone. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward; it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward. Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone FMA:52886 processus zygomaticus Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone processus zygomaticus ossis temporalis FMA:52886 temporal zygomatic process MA:0002811 temporal bone zygomatic process mandible condylar process BTO:0001750 FMA:52836 GAID:219 MA:0002816 MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600 Processus condylaris The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck. UBERON:0004657 condylar process of mandible http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG/200px-Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG mandibular condyle mandibular condyloid process uberon BTO:0001750 mandibular condyle FMA:52836 condylar process of mandible FMA:52836 Processus condylaris BTO:0001750 The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck. Wikipedia:Mandibular_condyle MA:0002816 mandibular condyloid process mandible head FMA:59331 MA:0002817 Mandibular head SCTID:51354009 UBERON:0004658 head of mandible uberon FMA:59331 Mandibular head FMA:59331 head of mandible mandible neck FMA:59332 MA:0002818 Mandibular neck SCTID:368875004 UBERON:0004659 neck of mandible uberon FMA:59332 neck of mandible FMA:59332 Mandibular neck mandible coronoid process FMA:52833 MA:0002819 Processus coronoideus (mandibula) SCTID:244691004 UBERON:0004660 a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size.Its anterior border is convex and is continuous below with the anterior border of the ramus.Its posterior border is concave and forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular notch.Its lateral surface is smooth, and affords insertion to the Temporalis and Masseter.Its medial surface gives insertion to the Temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side of the last molar tooth coronoid process of mandible mandibular coronoid process processus coronoideus mandibulae uberon Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible processus coronoideus mandibulae MA:0002819 mandibular coronoid process Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size.Its anterior border is convex and is continuous below with the anterior border of the ramus.Its posterior border is concave and forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular notch.Its lateral surface is smooth, and affords insertion to the Temporalis and Masseter.Its medial surface gives insertion to the Temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side of the last molar tooth FMA:52833 coronoid process of mandible FMA:52833 Processus coronoideus (mandibula) mandible temporal crest Crista temporalis (Mandibulae) FMA:59484 MA:0002820 UBERON:0004661 temporal crest of mandible uberon Crista temporalis (Mandibulae) FMA:59484 FMA:59484 temporal crest of mandible vertebra lamina AAO:0000695 FMA:11951 MA:0002876 SCTID:277423002 UBERON:0004662 lamina arcus vertebrae lamina of vertebra lamina of vertebral arch neural arch lamina uberon vertebral lamina vertebral lamina FMA:11951 vertebral lamina FMA:11951 lamina of vertebral arch FMA:11951 lamina of vertebra FMA:11951 FMA:TA lamina arcus vertebrae MA:0002876 vertebral lamina AAO:0000695 neural arch lamina aorta wall An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta [Obol]. Aortic wall FMA:14156 MA:0002901 UBERON:0004663 uberon wall of aorta Aortic wall FMA:14156 FMA:14156 wall of aorta An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta [Obol]. OBOL:automatic aorta tunica adventitia FMA:14283 MA:0002902 SCTID:24996002 UBERON:0004664 tunica adventitia of aorta uberon FMA:14283 tunica adventitia of aorta seminal vesicle muscle layer A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a seminal vesicle [Obol]. EMAPA:29773 FMA:19404 MA:0002913 UBERON:0004665 muscle layer of seminal vesicle muscular coat of seminal gland muscular layer of seminal gland tunica muscularis (Vesicula seminalis) tunica muscularis glandulae vesiculosae uberon FMA:19404 tunica muscularis (Vesicula seminalis) FMA:19404 muscular coat of seminal gland A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a seminal vesicle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:19404 muscle layer of seminal vesicle FMA:19404 FMA:TA tunica muscularis glandulae vesiculosae FMA:19404 muscular layer of seminal gland interventricular septum membranous part EHDAA2:0004596 EMAPA:18246 FMA:7135 MA:0002939 Membranous interventricular septum Membranous portion of interventricular septum Pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) UBERON:0004666 VHOG:0000927 membranous interventricular septum membranous part of interventricular septum uberon FMA:7135 membranous part of interventricular septum FMA:7135 Pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) MA:0002939 membranous interventricular septum FMA:7135 Membranous interventricular septum FMA:7135 Membranous portion of interventricular septum interventricular septum muscular part A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]. EHDAA:2607 EMAPA:18247 FMA:7134 MA:0002940 Muscular interventricular septum Pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000888 UBERON:0004667 muscular interventricular septum muscular part of interventricular septum uberon FMA:7134 Pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) FMA:7134 Muscular interventricular septum FMA:7134 muscular part of interventricular septum A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0002940 muscular interventricular septum fourth ventricle aperture An orifice that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. FMA:242766 MA:0002945 UBERON:0004668 aperture of fourth ventricle uberon An orifice that is part of a fourth ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:242766 aperture of fourth ventricle ependyma BTO:0000401 Ependymal epithelium lining the ventricular cavities and canals of the CNS is simple, columnar or cuboidal. FMA has ependyma proper and ependyma, not defined FMA:242791 GAID:608 MESH:A.08.186.211.276.460 SCTID:12766003 UBERON:0004670 ependyma of neuraxis ependymal epithelium lamina epithelialis ncithesaurus:Ependyma uberon FMA:242791 ependyma of neuraxis FMA:242791 lamina epithelialis BTO:0000401 Ependymal epithelium lining the ventricular cavities and canals of the CNS is simple, columnar or cuboidal. BTO:0000401 ependymal epithelium gyrus rectus FMA:61893 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1103 SCTID:279206004 UBERON:0004671 gyrus rectus medial part of gyri orbitales rectal gyrus rectus gyrus straight gyrus uberon FMA:61893 medial part of gyri orbitales NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1103 gyrus rectus FMA:61893 rectus gyrus FMA:61893 rectal gyrus FMA:61893 straight gyrus posterior horn lateral ventricle FMA:83700 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297 SCTID:362314009 UBERON:0004672 cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis ncithesaurus:Occipital_Horn_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle occipital horn occipital horn of lateral ventricle posterior horn lateral ventricle posterior horn of lateral ventricle posterior horn of the lateral ventricle uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297 posterior horn of the lateral ventricle FMA:83700 FMA:TA cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297 occipital horn FMA:83700 posterior horn of lateral ventricle FMA:83700 occipital horn of lateral ventricle NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297 posterior horn lateral ventricle trigeminal nerve root FMA:52610 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1346 SCTID:280185007 TAO:0000192 TODO - check ZFA UBERON:0004673 ZFA:0000192 root of trigeminal V nerve root of trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve root trigeminal neural root uberon FMA:52610 root of trigeminal nerve FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1346 trigeminal nerve root Obol:cjm root of trigeminal V nerve FMA:52610 trigeminal neural root facial nerve root FMA:53418 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1513 SCTID:280186008 UBERON:0004674 central part of facial nerve facial nerve fibers facial nerve root facial neural root root of facial nerve uberon FMA:53418 root of facial nerve FMA FMA:53418 central part of facial nerve NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1513 facial nerve root FMA:53418 facial nerve fibers FMA:53418 facial neural root hypoglossal nerve root FMA:72632 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1588 UBERON:0004675 central part of hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve fibers hypoglossal nerve root hypoglossal nerve tract root of hypoglossal nerve uberon FMA FMA:72632 hypoglossal nerve fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1588 hypoglossal nerve root FMA:72632 central part of hypoglossal nerve FMA:72632 root of hypoglossal nerve FMA:72632 hypoglossal nerve tract spinal cord lateral horn FMA:256536 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666 UBERON:0004676 a triangular field that is a lateralward projection of the postero-lateral part of the anterior column[WP, modified by cjm]. cornu laterale medullae spinalis intermediate gray column of spinal cord intermediate grey column of spinal cord lateral gray column of spinal cord lateral gray horn lateral gray matter of spinal cord lateral horn of spinal cord ncithesaurus:Lateral_Horn_of_the_Spinal_Cord spinal cord intermediate horn spinal cord lateral horn todo - check relationship to spinal cord lateral column. in FMA funiculus=white and horn=grep uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666 lateral gray horn FMA:256536 intermediate gray column of spinal cord FMA:256536 lateral gray column of spinal cord FMA:256536 intermediate grey column of spinal cord FMA FMA:256536 lateral horn of spinal cord Wikipedia:Lateral_horn_of_spinal_cord a triangular field that is a lateralward projection of the postero-lateral part of the anterior column[WP, modified by cjm]. FMA:256536 lateral gray matter of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666 spinal cord intermediate horn Wikipedia:Lateral_horn_of_spinal_cord cornu laterale medullae spinalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666 spinal cord lateral horn spinal cord gray commissure FMA:77036 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2669 The gray commissure is a thin strip of gray matter that surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord and, along with the anterior white commissure, connects the two halves of the cord. It comprises lamina X in the Rexed classification. UBERON:0004677 commissura grisea anaterior medullae spinalis, commissura grisea posterior medullae spinalis gray commissure of spinal cord spinal cord gray commissure spinal cord grey commissure uberon Wikipedia:Gray_commissure commissura grisea anaterior medullae spinalis, commissura grisea posterior medullae spinalis The gray commissure is a thin strip of gray matter that surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord and, along with the anterior white commissure, connects the two halves of the cord. It comprises lamina X in the Rexed classification. Wikipedia:Gray_commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2669 spinal cord gray commissure FMA:77036 gray commissure of spinal cord FMA Obol:automatic spinal cord grey commissure apex of spinal cord dorsal horn FMA:256700 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2670 UBERON:0004678 apex cornu posterioris medullae spinalis apex of dorsal gray column apex of dorsal gray column of spinal cord apex of dorsal horn of spinal cord apex of posterior horn of spinal cord apex of spinal cord dorsal horn apex of spinal cord posterior horn uberon FMA:256700 apex of dorsal gray column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2670 apex of spinal cord posterior horn FMA:256700 apex of dorsal horn of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2670 apex of spinal cord dorsal horn FMA:256700 apex of posterior horn of spinal cord FMA:256700 FMA:TA apex cornu posterioris medullae spinalis FMA:256700 apex of dorsal gray column of spinal cord dentate gyrus molecular layer FMA:83677 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4127 UBERON:0004679 dentate gyrus molecular layer molecular layer of dentate gyrus uberon FMA:83677 molecular layer of dentate gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4127 dentate gyrus molecular layer body of fornix FMA:61968 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_739 The columns (anterior pillars; fornicolumns) of the fornix arch downward in front of the interventricular foramen and behind the anterior commissure, and each descends through the gray substance in the lateral wall of the third ventricle to the base of the brain, where it ends in the corpus mammillare. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004680 body of fornix body of fornix of forebrain column of fornix columna fornicis columna fornicis fornix body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray747.png/200px-Gray747.png uberon Wikipedia:Columns_of_fornix columna fornicis FMA:61968 fornix body FMA:61968 column of fornix FMA:61968 FMA:TA columna fornicis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_739 body of fornix The columns (anterior pillars; fornicolumns) of the fornix arch downward in front of the interventricular foramen and behind the anterior commissure, and each descends through the gray substance in the lateral wall of the third ventricle to the base of the brain, where it ends in the corpus mammillare. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Columns_of_fornix FMA:61968 body of fornix of forebrain vestibular system BTO:0003381 FMA:7193 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090819 SCTID:361533001 The vestibular system, which contributes to our balance and our sense of spatial orientation, is the sensory system that provides the dominant input about movement and equilibrioception. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear, situated in the vestibulum in the inner ear. As our movements consist of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two components: the semicircular canal system, which indicate rotational movements; and the otoliths, which indicate linear accelerations. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural structures that control our eye movements, and to the muscles that keep us upright. The projections to the former provide the anatomical basis of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which is required for clear vision; and the projections to the muscles that control our posture are necessary to keep us upright. UBERON:0004681 note that FMA and NIF have no part information for this class. This is a GAT in FMA uberon vestibular organ system vestibular system NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090819 vestibular system FMA:7193 vestibular organ system The vestibular system, which contributes to our balance and our sense of spatial orientation, is the sensory system that provides the dominant input about movement and equilibrioception. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear, situated in the vestibulum in the inner ear. As our movements consist of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two components: the semicircular canal system, which indicate rotational movements; and the otoliths, which indicate linear accelerations. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural structures that control our eye movements, and to the muscles that keep us upright. The projections to the former provide the anatomical basis of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which is required for clear vision; and the projections to the muscles that control our posture are necessary to keep us upright. Wikipedia:Vestibular_system corona radiata FMA:18661 For the structure in embryology, see Corona radiata (embryology) In neuroanatomy, the corona radiata is a white matter sheet that continues caudally as the internal capsule and rostrally as the centrum semiovale. This sheet of axons contains both descending and ascending axons that carry nearly all of the neural traffic from and to the cerebral cortex. The corona radiata is associated with the corticospinal tract, the corticopontine tract, and the corticobulbar tract. [WP,unvetted]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090903 UBERON:0004682 corona radiata http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gray745.png/200px-Gray745.png uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090903 corona radiata For the structure in embryology, see Corona radiata (embryology) In neuroanatomy, the corona radiata is a white matter sheet that continues caudally as the internal capsule and rostrally as the centrum semiovale. This sheet of axons contains both descending and ascending axons that carry nearly all of the neural traffic from and to the cerebral cortex. The corona radiata is associated with the corticospinal tract, the corticopontine tract, and the corticobulbar tract. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Corona_radiata parasubiculum ABA:PAR BM:Tel-Cx-PASB FMA:77604 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_091002 UBERON:0004683 parasubicular area parasubiculum uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_091002 parasubiculum NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_091002 parasubicular area raphe nuclei FMA:84017 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.659.632 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090205 TAO:0001429 Thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane[NIF]. A moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets. The raphe nuclei are traditionally considered to be the medial portion of the reticular formation, and they appear as a ridge of cells in the center and most medial portion of the brain stem. UBERON:0004684 ZFA:0001429 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png ncithesaurus:Raphe_Nuclei nuclei raphes nuclei raphes raphe cluster raphe nuclei raphe nuclei set raphe nucleus uberon we treat NR obscurus, NR magnus etc as parts of the raphe nuclei. This is consistent with treatment in FMA, where the class is 'set of raphe nuclei' FMA:84017 raphe nuclei Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei raphe cluster NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090205 Thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane[NIF]. A moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets. The raphe nuclei are traditionally considered to be the medial portion of the reticular formation, and they appear as a ridge of cells in the center and most medial portion of the brain stem. Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3248146&group_id=36855&atid=440764 ZFA:0001429 raphe nucleus FMA:84017 raphe nuclei set NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090205 raphe nuclei FMA:84017 FMA:TA nuclei raphes Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei nuclei raphes GO Wikipedia middle temporal area Brodmann area 21 Brodmann area 21, or BA21, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. The region encompasses most of the lateral temporal cortex, a region believed to play a part in auditory processing and language. Language function is left lateralized in most individuals. BA21 is superior to BA20 and inferior to BA40 and BA41. This area is also known as middle temporal area 21. It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the middle temporal gyrus. It is bounded rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 (H), ventrally by the inferior temporal area 20, caudally by the occipitotemporal area 37 (H), and dorsally by the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). [WP,unvetted]. FMA:68618 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090308 UBERON:0004685 area 21 of Brodmann http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Brodmann_area_21.png/200px-Brodmann_area_21.png middle temporal area uberon Brodmann area 21, or BA21, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. The region encompasses most of the lateral temporal cortex, a region believed to play a part in auditory processing and language. Language function is left lateralized in most individuals. BA21 is superior to BA20 and inferior to BA40 and BA41. This area is also known as middle temporal area 21. It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the middle temporal gyrus. It is bounded rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 (H), ventrally by the inferior temporal area 20, caudally by the occipitotemporal area 37 (H), and dorsally by the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_21 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090308 middle temporal area FMA:68618 area 21 of Brodmann FMA:68618 middle temporal area gastro-splenic ligament EHDAA2:0000702 EHDAA:9160 EMAPA:18285 EMAPA:18905 FMA:16517 MA:0001619 SCTID:260636005 UBERON:0004686 VHOG:0000354 gastrolienal ligament gastrosplenc ligament gastrosplenic ligament http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray1039.png in MA, EMAPA and EHDAA2 this is part of the dorsal mesogastrium. In wikipedia, and the above source, it is derived from the DM. This is a generic ligament in MA, we infer this and assert that this is a nonskeletal ligament ligamentum gastrosplenicum peritoneum connecting the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum of the spleen[umich]. part of the greater omentum; derived from the dorsal mesogastrium in the embryo. uberon Wikipedia:Gastrosplenic_ligament ligamentum gastrosplenicum FMA:16517 gastrosplenc ligament FMA:16517 gastrosplenic ligament MA-propagated MA-modified Wikipedia FMA Wikipedia FMA:16517 gastrolienal ligament Wikipedia:Gastrosplenic_ligament http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/gastrointestinal_system/stomach_tables.html peritoneum connecting the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum of the spleen[umich]. part of the greater omentum; derived from the dorsal mesogastrium in the embryo. lieno-renal ligament EHDAA2:0004572 EMAPA:18286 EMAPA:18906 FMA:16522 MA:0001620 Multiple sources support greater omentum assignment. E.g. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/splenorenal+ligament. We change the MA part_of assignment to develops_from UBERON:0004687 lienorenal ligament ligamentum lienorenale ligamentum splenorenale (lienorenale, phrenicosplenicum) peritoneum that attaches the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall over the left kidney. develops from the dorsal mesogastrium of the embryo[umich] phrenicolienal ligament splenicorenal ligament splenorenal ligament uberon FMA:16522 lienorenal ligament FMA:16522 ligamentum splenorenale (lienorenale, phrenicosplenicum) FMA:16522 FMA:TA ligamentum lienorenale Wikipedia:Splenorenal_ligament http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/gastrointestinal_system/peritoneum_tables.html peritoneum that attaches the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall over the left kidney. develops from the dorsal mesogastrium of the embryo[umich] FMA:16522 phrenicolienal ligament FMA:16522 splenorenal ligament FMA:16522 splenicorenal ligament MA-modified MA-propagated FMA costo-cervical trunk FMA:10636 MA:0001939 SCTID:244225009 The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0004688 costocervical trunk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png/200px-Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png truncus costocervicalis trunk of costocervical artery uberon The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk FMA:10636 costocervical trunk Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk truncus costocervicalis FMA:10636 trunk of costocervical artery naso-frontal vein FMA:51729 MA:0002182 SCTID:44840002 UBERON:0004689 nasofrontal vein uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA:51729 nasofrontal vein pancreatico-duodenal vein FMA:15398 MA:0002190 SCTID:76262002 Superior posterior pancreaticoduodenal vein UBERON:0004690 ncithesaurus:Pancreatico-Duodenal_Vein pancreaticoduodenal vein uberon vena pancreaticoduodenalis superior posterior FMA:15398 FMA:TA vena pancreaticoduodenalis superior posterior FMA:15398 Superior posterior pancreaticoduodenal vein FMA:15398 pancreaticoduodenal vein FMA/obol bulbourethral gland secretion A clear, viscous secretion that helps to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass through, neutralizing traces of acidic urine in the urethra,[2] and helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter. It is possible for this fluid to pick up sperm, remaining in the urethral bulb from previous ejaculations, and carry them out prior to the next ejaculation[WP]. FMA:62968 MA:0002524 UBERON:0004691 bulbo-urethral gland secretion ncithesaurus:Bulbourethral_Gland_Secretion pre-ejaculate secretion of bulbo-urethral gland uberon FMA:62968 secretion of bulbo-urethral gland FMA Wikipedia:Pre-ejaculate pre-ejaculate A clear, viscous secretion that helps to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass through, neutralizing traces of acidic urine in the urethra,[2] and helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter. It is possible for this fluid to pick up sperm, remaining in the urethral bulb from previous ejaculations, and carry them out prior to the next ejaculation[WP]. Wikipedia:Bulbourethral_gland#Function FMA:62968 bulbo-urethral gland secretion external naris epithelium An epithelium that is part of a naris [Obol]. EMAPA:18596 MA:0001321 UBERON:0004692 uberon An epithelium that is part of a naris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic peyer's patch epithelium An epithelium that is part of a Peyer ' s patch [Obol]. MA:0000731 UBERON:0004693 uberon An epithelium that is part of a Peyer ' s patch [Obol]. OBOL:automatic harderian gland epithelium An epithelium that is part of a Harderian gland [Obol]. MA:0001248 UBERON:0004694 uberon An epithelium that is part of a Harderian gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic arterial system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Obol]. MA:0000704 UBERON:0004695 uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic venous system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Obol]. MA:0000715 UBERON:0004696 uberon A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic Peyer's patch germinal center MA:0000734 UBERON:0004697 area of the Peyer's patch where B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells uberon MP:0002391 area of the Peyer's patch where B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells vena cava endothelium An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Obol]. MA:0000713 UBERON:0004698 ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava_Endothelium uberon An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Obol]. OBOL:automatic outflow tract endothelium An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. MA:0000490 UBERON:0004699 uberon An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic arterial system endothelium An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Obol]. MA:0000703 UBERON:0004700 ncithesaurus:Arterial_System_Endothelium uberon An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic venous system endothelium An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Obol]. MA:0000714 UBERON:0004701 ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Endothelium uberon An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood vessel endothelium A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001805 UBERON:0004702 uberon A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic dorsal thalamus BM:Die-Th EHDAA2:0000692 MA and ZFA think there is a distinct dorsal thalamus, but FMA says its an exact synonym. TODO. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8167659 MA:0000180 TAO:0000653 UBERON:0004703 ZFA:0000653 dorsal thalamus ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Thalamus thalamus, pars dorsalis uberon FMA:62007 dorsal thalamus ZFA:0000653 thalamus, pars dorsalis bone fossa AAO:0010439 AO notes: General Anatomical term in FMA; not restricted to bone in ncit; surface feature in VSAO; note that entities named 'fossa' are cavities in FMA, hence placement here FMA:45791 TAO:0001743 UBERON:0004704 VSAO:0005069 ZFA:0005388 a depression or hollow in a bone[WP]. fossa ncithesaurus:Fossa uberon Wikipedia:Fossa#Anatomy a depression or hollow in a bone[WP]. FMA-implied fenestra TODO check fenestra vs fossa. fenestra = hole, fossa = depression with bottom? UBERON:0004705 an opening in the skull or other bones[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Fenestra an opening in the skull or other bones[WP]. bulbus cordis EHDAA2:0000197 EHDAA:438 EHDAA:768 EMAPA:16216 EMAPA:16333 FMA:70300 SCTID:361525002 TAO:0000173 The bulbus cordis lies ventral to the primitive ventricle after the developing heart assumes its S-shaped form. Together, the bulbus cordis and the primitive ventricle give rise to the ventricle of the formed heart. The adjacent walls of the bulbus cordis and ventricle approximate, fuse, and finally disappear, and the bulbus cordis now communicates freely with the right ventricle, while the junction of the bulbus with the truncus arteriosus is brought directly ventral to and applied to the atrial canal. By the upgrowth of the ventricular septum the bulbus cordis is in great measure separated from the left ventricle, but remains an integral part of the right ventricle, of which it forms the infundibulum[WP]. UBERON:0004706 ZFA:0000173 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gray466.png/200px-Gray466.png ncithesaurus:Bulbus_Cordis primitive right ventricle endocardium todo - check ZFA uberon The bulbus cordis lies ventral to the primitive ventricle after the developing heart assumes its S-shaped form. Together, the bulbus cordis and the primitive ventricle give rise to the ventricle of the formed heart. The adjacent walls of the bulbus cordis and ventricle approximate, fuse, and finally disappear, and the bulbus cordis now communicates freely with the right ventricle, while the junction of the bulbus with the truncus arteriosus is brought directly ventral to and applied to the atrial canal. By the upgrowth of the ventricular septum the bulbus cordis is in great measure separated from the left ventricle, but remains an integral part of the right ventricle, of which it forms the infundibulum[WP]. Wikipedia:Bulbus_cordis EHDAA2:0000197 JB:def primitive right ventricle endocardium pharyngula stage A stage that follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages. At the pharyngula stage, all vertebrate embryos show remarkable similarities. OGES:000006 TODO: check with evo-devo biologists UBERON:0004707 pharyngula phylotypic stage uberon A stage that follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages. At the pharyngula stage, all vertebrate embryos show remarkable similarities. Wikipedia:Pharyngula limb/fin UBERON:0004708 UBERON:0009872 VSAO:0000067 jointed paired lateral appendage limb or fin paired appendage pectoral or pelvic appendage pelvic/pectoral appendage this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin. uberon VSAO UBERON:cjm pelvic/pectoral appendage UBERON:cjm pectoral or pelvic appendage UBERON:cjm jointed paired lateral appendage UBERON:cjm limb or fin VSAO:0000067 paired appendage definitional VSAO pelvic appendage Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. UBERON:0004709 UBERON:0009876 VSAO notes - in contrast to VSAO, we include separate subclasses for limbs and fins VSAO:0000150 hindlimb/pelvic fin pelvic appendage uberon Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. VSAO:0000150 VSAO VSAO:0000126 pelvic appendage definitional UBERON:cjm hindlimb/pelvic fin pectoral appendage Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. UBERON:0004710 UBERON:0009875 VSAO:0000148 anterior limb/fin anterior paired appendage forelimb or pectoral fin forelimb/pectoral fin uberon definitional Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. VSAO:0000150-modified UBERON:cjm forelimb/pectoral fin VSAO UBERON:cjm forelimb or pectoral fin UBERON:cjm anterior limb/fin VSAO:0000148 anterior paired appendage jugular vein Any one of the several large veins of the neck that drain blood from the head[BTO]. Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins[GAID]. The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava[WP]. BTO:0001744 EMAPA:18638 GAID:536 MA:0002154 MESH:A.07.231.908.498 SCTID:244403000 UBERON:0004711 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray558.png/200px-Gray558.png jugular ncithesaurus:Jugular_Vein uberon vena jugularis Any one of the several large veins of the neck that drain blood from the head[BTO]. Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins[GAID]. The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava[WP]. BTO:0001744 Wikipedia:Jugular_vein BTO:0001744 vena jugularis corpus cavernosum penis BTO:0002019 EMAPA:29850 EMAPA:29856 FMA:19618 MA:0001743 One of the columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsum and sides of the penis. UBERON:0004713 Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_penis cavernous body of penis corpus cavernosum corpus cavernosum of penis corpus cavernosum penis corpus sopngiosum penis corpus spongiosum penis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gray1155.png/200px-Gray1155.png ncithesaurus:Penis_Erectile_Tissue penile corpus cavernosum penis erectile tissue spongy body of male urethra spongy body of penis uberon BTO:0002019 penile corpus cavernosum BTO:0002019 cavernous body of penis BTO:0002019 corpus cavernosum FMA:19618 corpus cavernosum of penis MA:0001743 penis erectile tissue BTO:0002019 corpus spongiosum penis BTO:0002019 spongy body of male urethra BTO:0002019 corpus sopngiosum penis Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_penis corpus cavernosum penis BTO:0002019 One of the columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsum and sides of the penis. Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_penis BTO:0002019 spongy body of penis septum pellucidum BTO:0003448 FMA:61844 MA:0002979 MESH:A.08.186.211.276.814 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1315 SCTID:362313003 The septum pellucidum is made up of two thin sheets of mostly glial-like elements that abut each other in the midline and have a potential space between them. Those sheets also separate the left and right lateral ventricles from each other. At the base of the sheets rostrally, however, are the septal nuclei, which are important components of the limbic system.a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of the brain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. When the hemispheres are cut apart, the septum remains on one hemisphere, usually the left. The septum pellucidum is implicated in pleasure, mood, rage, sexual gratification and more. Lesions of the septum lead to sham rage. Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (primary efferent of the septum) restores normal behavior. UBERON:0004714 Wikipedia:Septum_pellucidum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png ncithesaurus:Septum_Pellucidum pellucidum septum lucidum supracommissural septum uberon FMA:61844 supracommissural septum BTO:0003448 pellucidum BTO:0003448 The septum pellucidum is made up of two thin sheets of mostly glial-like elements that abut each other in the midline and have a potential space between them. Those sheets also separate the left and right lateral ventricles from each other. At the base of the sheets rostrally, however, are the septal nuclei, which are important components of the limbic system.a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of the brain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. When the hemispheres are cut apart, the septum remains on one hemisphere, usually the left. The septum pellucidum is implicated in pleasure, mood, rage, sexual gratification and more. Lesions of the septum lead to sham rage. Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (primary efferent of the septum) restores normal behavior. Wikipedia:Septum_pellucidum BTO:0003448 septum lucidum annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis BTO:0003629 FMA:13551 MA:0000111 The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised. UBERON:0004715 Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis annulus fibrosus annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc anulus fibrosus (diskus intervertebralis) anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk fibrous ring of intervertebral disc http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/200px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png uberon MA:0000111 annulus fibrosus BTO:0003629 annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc FMA:13551 anulus fibrosus (diskus intervertebralis) FMA:13551 anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk BTO:0003629 The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised. Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis BTO:0003629 fibrous ring of intervertebral disc conceptus AEO:0000194 BTO:0003834 EHDAA2:0000001 EHDAA2:0003235 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. UBERON:0004716 Wikipedia:Conceptus ncithesaurus:Conceptus uberon BTO:0003834 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. Wikipedia:Conceptus Brodmann area 29 A cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ectosplenial area 26 and externally by the agranular retrolimbic area 30. BTO:0003978 FMA:68626 UBERON:0004717 Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_29 area 29 of brodmann brodmann's area 29 granular retrolimbic area 29 uberon FMA:68626 area 29 of brodmann BTO:0003978 Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_29 granular retrolimbic area 29 FMA:68626 brodmann's area 29 A cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ectosplenial area 26 and externally by the agranular retrolimbic area 30. BTO:0003978 Brodmann area 26 BTO:0003979 FMA:68623 In the human this area is called ectosplenial area 26. It is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. It is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus adjacent to the fasciolar gyrus internally. It is bounded externally by the granular retrolimbic area 29. UBERON:0004718 Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_26 area 26 of brodmann ectosplenial area ectosplenial area 26 uberon FMA:68623 ectosplenial area BTO:0003979 Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_26 ectosplenial area 26 BTO:0003979 In the human this area is called ectosplenial area 26. It is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. It is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus adjacent to the fasciolar gyrus internally. It is bounded externally by the granular retrolimbic area 29. FMA:68623 area 26 of brodmann arcuate vein EMAPA:28221 MA:0002593 The arcuate vein is a vessel of the renal circulation. It is located at the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla. UBERON:0004719 Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein arcuate veins http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png uberon venae arcuatae renis Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein arcuate veins The arcuate vein is a vessel of the renal circulation. It is located at the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla. Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein venae arcuatae renis cerebellar vermis ABA:VERM EV:0100298 FMA:76928 MA:0000202 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1175 Part of the structure of animal brains, the cerebellar vermis is a narrow, wormlike structure between the hemispheres of the cerebellum. SCTID:279105006 UBERON:0004720 cerebellum vermis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png/200px-CerebellumDiv.png ncithesaurus:Vermis uberon vermal parts of the cerebellum vermal regions vermis vermis cerebelli vermis cerebelli [i-x] vermis of cerebellum vermis of cerebellum [i-x] FMA:76928 FMA:TA vermis cerebelli [i-x] ABA:VERM vermal regions FMA:76928 vermis of cerebellum [i-x] FMA:76928 cerebellum vermis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1175 vermal parts of the cerebellum Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis vermis Part of the structure of animal brains, the cerebellar vermis is a narrow, wormlike structure between the hemispheres of the cerebellum. Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis FMA:76928 vermis of cerebellum Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis vermis cerebelli ABA crista ampullaris FMA:77714 MA:0002771 SCTID:368953000 The crista ampullaris is the sensory organ of rotation located in the semicircular canal of the inner ear. The function of the crista ampullaris is to sense angular acceleration and deceleration. UBERON:0004721 Wikipedia:Crista_ampullaris ampullary crest ampullary crest of semicircular duct cristae ampullares ncithesaurus:Ampullary_Crest uberon FMA:77714 ampullary crest of semicircular duct MA Wikipedia:Crista_ampullaris cristae ampullares MA:0002771 ampullary crest The crista ampullaris is the sensory organ of rotation located in the semicircular canal of the inner ear. The function of the crista ampullaris is to sense angular acceleration and deceleration. Wikipedia:Crista_ampullaris deep cervical lymph node MA:0002885 SCTID:279145002 The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes found near the internal jugular vein. They can be divided into upper and lower groups, or superior and inferior groups. Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. They can also be divided into three groups: superior deep jugular, middle deep jugular, and 'inferior deep jugular'. UBERON:0004722 Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Illu_lymph_chain02.jpg/200px-Illu_lymph_chain02.jpg lower jugular nodes middle jugular nodes ncithesaurus:Deep_Cervical_Lymph_Node uberon upper jugular nodes Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes lower jugular nodes The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes found near the internal jugular vein. They can be divided into upper and lower groups, or superior and inferior groups. Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. They can also be divided into three groups: superior deep jugular, middle deep jugular, and 'inferior deep jugular'. Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes upper jugular nodes Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes middle jugular nodes interlobular artery EMAPA:28212 FMA:70498 MA:0002584 UBERON:0004723 Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries arteriae corticales radiatae, arteriae interlobulares renis cortical radial arteries http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png interlobular kidney interlobular artery ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Artery the branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule. uberon MP:0011316 Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries the branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule. MP:0011316 kidney interlobular artery Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries interlobular Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries arteriae corticales radiatae, arteriae interlobulares renis Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries cortical radial arteries medial palpebral ligament MA:0001258 SCTID:280578002 The medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi), about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove. Crossing the lacrimal sac, it divides into two parts, upper and lower, each attached to the medial end of the corresponding tarsus. As the ligament crosses the lacrimal sac, a strong aponeurotic is given off from its posterior surface; this expands over the sac, and is attached to the posterior lacrimal crest. UBERON:0004724 Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_ligament http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gray894.png/200px-Gray894.png l. palpebrale mediale ncithesaurus:Medial_Palpebral_Ligament uberon The medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi), about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove. Crossing the lacrimal sac, it divides into two parts, upper and lower, each attached to the medial end of the corresponding tarsus. As the ligament crosses the lacrimal sac, a strong aponeurotic is given off from its posterior surface; this expands over the sac, and is attached to the posterior lacrimal crest. Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_ligament Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_ligament l. palpebrale mediale piriform cortex BTO:0002651 EV:0100178 In anatomy of animals, the piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex is a region in the brain. The piriform cortex is part of the rhinencephalon situated in the telencephalon. The function of the piriform cortex relates to olfaction, which is the perception of smells. Sometimes called the olfactory cortex, olfactory lobe or paleopallium, piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The piriform cortex is among three areas that emerge in the telencephalon of amphibians, situated caudally to a dorsal area, which is caudal to a hippocampal area. Farther along the phylogenic timeline, the telencephalic bulb of reptiles as viewed in a cross section of the transverse plane extends with the archipallial hippocampus folding toward the midline and down as the dorsal area begins to form a recognizable cortex. As mammalian cerebrums developed, volume of the dorsal cortex increased in slightly greater proportion, as compared proportionally with increased overall brain volume, until it enveloped the hippocampal regions. Recognized as neopallium or neocortex, enlarged dorsal areas envelop the paleopallial piriform cortex in humans and Old World monkeys. Among taxonomic groupings of mammals, the piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb become proportionally smaller in the brains of phylogenically younger species. The piriform cortex occupies a greater proportion of the overall brain and of the telencephalic brains of insectivores than in primates. The piriform cortex continues to occupy a consistent albeit small and declining proportion of the increasingly large telencephalon in the most recent primate species while the volume of the olfactory bulb becomes less in proportion. It is Brodmann area 27. MA:0000978 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097 UBERON:0004725 Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex cortex piriformis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG piriform area piriform lobe primary olfactory areas primary olfactory cortex pyriform cortex pyriform lobe uberon Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex pyriform lobe NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2706 primary olfactory areas BTO:0002651 MA:0000978 piriform area In anatomy of animals, the piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex is a region in the brain. The piriform cortex is part of the rhinencephalon situated in the telencephalon. The function of the piriform cortex relates to olfaction, which is the perception of smells. Sometimes called the olfactory cortex, olfactory lobe or paleopallium, piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The piriform cortex is among three areas that emerge in the telencephalon of amphibians, situated caudally to a dorsal area, which is caudal to a hippocampal area. Farther along the phylogenic timeline, the telencephalic bulb of reptiles as viewed in a cross section of the transverse plane extends with the archipallial hippocampus folding toward the midline and down as the dorsal area begins to form a recognizable cortex. As mammalian cerebrums developed, volume of the dorsal cortex increased in slightly greater proportion, as compared proportionally with increased overall brain volume, until it enveloped the hippocampal regions. Recognized as neopallium or neocortex, enlarged dorsal areas envelop the paleopallial piriform cortex in humans and Old World monkeys. Among taxonomic groupings of mammals, the piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb become proportionally smaller in the brains of phylogenically younger species. The piriform cortex occupies a greater proportion of the overall brain and of the telencephalic brains of insectivores than in primates. The piriform cortex continues to occupy a consistent albeit small and declining proportion of the increasingly large telencephalon in the most recent primate species while the volume of the olfactory bulb becomes less in proportion. It is Brodmann area 27. Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex primary olfactory cortex BTO:0002651 piriform lobe Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex pyriform cortex Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex cortex piriformis vasa recta EMAPA:30043 FMA:72006 In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries of kidney, or straight arterioles of kidney) form a series of straight capillaries in the medulla. They lie parallel to the loop of Henle. These vessels branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla), enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle. MA:0002595 TODO - is this a vein or set of veins? in MA it is a venous blood vessel UBERON:0004726 arteria recta arteriae rectae arteriolae rectae renis arteriolae rectae renis arteriolae recti galen:ArteriaeRectae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kidney_nephron.png/200px-Kidney_nephron.png kidney vasa recta renal medullary capillary set of straight arterioles of kidney straight arterioles of kidney uberon vasa recta of kidney vasa recta renis vasa rectae FMA:72006 FMA:TA vasa recta renis Wikipedia:Vasa_recta vasa rectae FMA:72006 FMA:TA arteriolae rectae renis MP:0011324 kidney vasa recta Wikipedia:Vasa_recta arteria recta FMA:72006 set of straight arterioles of kidney Wikipedia:Vasa_recta arteriolae recti In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries of kidney, or straight arterioles of kidney) form a series of straight capillaries in the medulla. They lie parallel to the loop of Henle. These vessels branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla), enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle. Wikipedia:Vasa_recta Wikipedia:Vasa_recta arteriolae rectae renis FMA:72006 straight arterioles of kidney Wikipedia:Vasa_recta arteriae rectae EMAPA:30043 renal medullary capillary FMA:72006 vasa recta of kidney cochlear nerve BM:VIIIN BTO:0003490 EHDAA2:0002195 FMA:53431 GAID:723 MA:0001110 MESH:A.08.800.800.120.910.120 OpenCyc:Mx4rwIhQfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:280286001 UBERON:0004727 VHOG:0001182 a nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain. It is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates; the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals. The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane. The cochlear nerve arises from within the cochlea and extends to the brainstem, where its fibers make contact with the cochlear nucleus, the next stage of neural processing in the auditory system[WP]. auditory nerve cochlear root of acoustic nerve cochlear root of eighth cranial nerve ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Nerve nervus vestibulocochlearis uberon vestibulocochlear VIII nerve cochlear component ISBN:Wikipedia:Cochlear_nerve a nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain. It is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates; the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals. The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane. The cochlear nerve arises from within the cochlea and extends to the brainstem, where its fibers make contact with the cochlear nucleus, the next stage of neural processing in the auditory system[WP]. FMA:53431 cochlear root of acoustic nerve FMA:53431 auditory nerve FMA:53431 cochlear root of eighth cranial nerve MA:0001110 vestibulocochlear VIII nerve cochlear component BTO:0003490 nervus vestibulocochlearis amphibian larval stage Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form. UBERON:0004728 XAO:1000008 polliwog polliwog stage tadpole tadpole stage uberon Wikipedia:Larva polliwog stage Wikipedia:Larva polliwog Wikipedia:Larva tadpole stage Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form. GO:0002117 Wikipedia:Larva tadpole nematode larval stage Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. UBERON:0004729 WBls:0000023 uberon GO:0002119 Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. instar larval stage FBdv:00005336 This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. UBERON:0004730 uberon GO:0002168 This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. neuromere 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z A segment of the developing neural tube[MP]. A metameric segment of the central nervous system[ZFA]. morphologically or molecularly defined transient segments of the early developing brain. Rhombomeres are such segments that make up the rhombencephalon or hindbrain. [WP]. Melissa Haendel TAO:0001328 UBERON:0004731 WP says: "More controversially, some argue that there exist early developmental segments that give rise to structures of the midbrain (mesomeres) and forebrain (prosomeres).". Note that ZFA has spinal neuromere ZFA:0001328 neural segment neural tube segment neuromere uberon A segment of the developing neural tube[MP]. A metameric segment of the central nervous system[ZFA]. morphologically or molecularly defined transient segments of the early developing brain. Rhombomeres are such segments that make up the rhombencephalon or hindbrain. [WP]. MP:0003208 Wikipedia:Neuromere segmental subdivision of nervous system An organ segment that is part of a nervous system [Obol]. Editor note: revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment FBbt:00005140 UBERON:0004732 neuromere uberon An organ segment that is part of a nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FBbt:00005140 neuromere segmental subdivision of hindbrain An organ segment that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. FMA:61998 UBERON:0004733 hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain uberon FMA:61998 hindbrain segment FMA:61998 segment of hindbrain An organ segment that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic gastrula BILA:0000060 BTO:0001403 GAID:1302 MESH:A.16.254.412 MIAA:0000179 Organism at the gastrula stage. UBERON:0004734 UBERON:0007012 gastrula embryo ncithesaurus:Gastrula uberon BILA:0000060 gastrula embryo Organism at the gastrula stage. Wikipedia:Gastrula archenteron AAO:0010430 BTO:0001696 The cavity of a gastrula forming a primitive gut[BTO]. The primitive gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing blastula. It develops into the digestive tract of an animal. As primary mesenchyme cells detach from the vegetal pole in the blastula and enter the fluid filled cavity in the center (the blastocoel), the remaining cells at the vegetal pole flatten to form a vegetal plate. This buckles inwards towards the blastocoel in a process called invagination. The cells continue to be rearranged until the shallow dip formed by invagination transforms into a deeper, narrower pouch formed by the gastrula's endoderm. This narrowing and lengthening of the archenteron is driven by convergent extension. The open end of the archenteron is called the blastopore. The filopodia--thin fibers formed by the mesenchyme cells--found in a late gastrula contract to drag the tip of the archenteron across the blastocoel. The endoderm of the archenteron will fuse with the ectoderm of the blastocoel wall. At this point gastrulation is complete, and the gastrula has a functional digestive tube. The indentation that is actually formed is called the lip of the blastopore in amphibians and fish, and the primitive streak in birds and mammals. Each is controlled by the dorsal blastopore, and primitive node (also known as Hensen's node), respectively. UBERON:0004735 XAO:0000092 gastrocoel mesenteron uberon UBERON:cjm mesenteron XAO:0000092 gastrocoel The cavity of a gastrula forming a primitive gut[BTO]. The primitive gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing blastula. It develops into the digestive tract of an animal. As primary mesenchyme cells detach from the vegetal pole in the blastula and enter the fluid filled cavity in the center (the blastocoel), the remaining cells at the vegetal pole flatten to form a vegetal plate. This buckles inwards towards the blastocoel in a process called invagination. The cells continue to be rearranged until the shallow dip formed by invagination transforms into a deeper, narrower pouch formed by the gastrula's endoderm. This narrowing and lengthening of the archenteron is driven by convergent extension. The open end of the archenteron is called the blastopore. The filopodia--thin fibers formed by the mesenchyme cells--found in a late gastrula contract to drag the tip of the archenteron across the blastocoel. The endoderm of the archenteron will fuse with the ectoderm of the blastocoel wall. At this point gastrulation is complete, and the gastrula has a functional digestive tube. The indentation that is actually formed is called the lip of the blastopore in amphibians and fish, and the primitive streak in birds and mammals. Each is controlled by the dorsal blastopore, and primitive node (also known as Hensen's node), respectively. Wikipedia:Archenteron metanephric glomerulus UBERON:0004736 VHOG:0001242 glomerulus of metanephros glomerulus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. uberon GO:0072224 glomerulus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. metanephric collecting duct A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Obol]. UBERON:0004737 VHOG:0000983 collecting duct of metanephros uberon A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Obol]. OBOL:automatic metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus UBERON:0004738 juxtaglomerular apparatus of metanephros juxtaglomerular apparatus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. uberon GO:0072206 juxtaglomerular apparatus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. pronephric glomerulus AAO:0011049 SCTID:360548001 TAO:0001557 The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment UBERON:0004191 UBERON:0004739 VHOG:0001237 XAO:0000318 ZFA:0001557 a glomus differs from a glomerulus in that each vascular glomus services several tubules. ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong" glomerulus of pronephros glomus uberon XAO:0000318 glomus GO:0072013 The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment basibranchial AAO:0000686 EFO:0003503 Median ventral cartilage or bony element at the ventral point of a branchial arch, behind the tongue. TAO:0000170 UBERON:0004740 ZFA:0000170 basibranchials copula I uberon AAO:0000686 copula I ZFA:0000170 basibranchials Median ventral cartilage or bony element at the ventral point of a branchial arch, behind the tongue. http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=basibranchial&sc=is http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/basibranchial ZFA cleithrum AAO:0000750 Dermal bone on the margin of the scapula. The cleithrum is attached to the skull in fishes, but free from the latter in amphibians and disappears early in the evolution of reptiles. EFO:0003507 TAO:0000184 Taxon notes: Found in some early members of Chelonia (e.g. Triassochelys), but missing in all later forms.[VSAO] UBERON:0004741 VSAO:0000187 ZFA:0000184 cleithra uberon ZFA Dermal bone on the margin of the scapula. The cleithrum is attached to the skull in fishes, but free from the latter in amphibians and disappears early in the evolution of reptiles. VSAO:0000187 ZFA ZFA:0000184 cleithra dentary AAO:0000124 Dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw. It first appears around the anterior end of Meckel's cartilage (5.1 mm NL). In the adult, the dentary meets its counterpart anteriorly at the mandibular symphysis. The dentary abuts the retroarticular posteriorly, and it surround the anguloarticular. The dentary is connected to the maxilla by the maxillo-mandibular ligament. Dentary teeth are absent in cypriniforms, but are present in other ostariophysans. EFO:0003508 TAO:0000191 Taxon notes: In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. In such animals, it is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw. It is bordered below by a number of splenial bones, while the angle of the jaw is formed by a lower angular bone and a suprangular bone just above it. The inner surface of the jaw is lined by a prearticular bone, while the articular bone forms the articulation with the skull proper. Finally a set of three narrow coronoid bones lie above the prearticular bone. As the name implies, the majority of the teeth are attached to the dentary, but there are commonly also teeth on the coronoid bones, and sometimes on the prearticular as well. This complex primitive pattern has, however, been simplified to various degrees in the great majority of vertebrates, as bones have either fused or vanished entirely. In teleosts, only the dentary, articular, and angular bones remain, while in living amphibians, the dentary is accompanied only by the prearticular, and, in salamanders, one of the coronoids. The lower jaw of reptiles has only a single coronoid and splenial, but retains all the other primitive bones except the prearticular. UBERON:0004742 VHOG:0001022 ZFA:0000191 dentale dentary bone os dentale sur-angulaire uberon AAO:0000124 sur-angulaire Dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw. It first appears around the anterior end of Meckel's cartilage (5.1 mm NL). In the adult, the dentary meets its counterpart anteriorly at the mandibular symphysis. The dentary abuts the retroarticular posteriorly, and it surround the anguloarticular. The dentary is connected to the maxilla by the maxillo-mandibular ligament. Dentary teeth are absent in cypriniforms, but are present in other ostariophysans. Wikipedia:Dentary#In_other_vertebrates ZFA:0000191 ZFA:0000191 dentary bone AAO:0000124 os dentale AAO:0000124 dentale coracoid bone AAO:0000764 Endochondral bone that is paired and forms part of the socket for the humerus in tetrapods and acts as base of the pectoral fin in fish. Procoracoid+coracoid are homologuous with coracoid of teleostomi. The coracoid is a triangular shaped-bone that usually has an anteriorly directed long process that may joins its counterpart in some fish groups. It may be perforated by the coracoid foramen or it may be notched dorsally and forms the scapulo-coracoid foramen together with a similar notch of the ventral margin of the scapula[VSAO] Editor notes: we would like to make pectoral girdle and limb spatially disjoint, check where this structure belongs // check coracoid process // see also - procoracoid and epicoracoid TAO:0000332 UBERON:0004743 VSAO:0000158 ZFA:0000332 clavicula clavicula posterior clavicula vera coracoid coracoideum coracoidien coracoids metacoracoid pars sternalis scapulae scapulocoracoid uberon AAO:0000764 clavicula posterior Endochondral bone that is paired and forms part of the socket for the humerus in tetrapods and acts as base of the pectoral fin in fish. VSAO:curator Wikipedia:Coracoid VSAO:0000158 metacoracoid ZFA:0000332 coracoid AAO:0000764 clavicula vera VSAO AAO:0000764 clavicula AAO:0000764 coracoideum AAO:0000764 pars sternalis scapulae VSAO ZFA:0000332 coracoids ZFA:0000332 scapulocoracoid AAO:0000764 coracoidien articular/anguloarticular . AAO:0000028 EFO:0003530 Editor notes: We create different classes for articular and malleus, in contrast to VHOG. Taxon notes (from VHOG): "According to this theory [Reichert-Gaupp theory], the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular [...]" Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357. Note that TAO has a distinct class for articular - in fact we need (at least) 3 classes here - articular, anguloarticular and malleus, arranged into a single VHOG group TAO:0000467 UBERON:0004744 VHOG:0000690 ZFA:0000467 angulaire angulare anguloarticular articular dermarticulare goniale operculo angulaire uberon ZFA ZFA:0000467 articular . Wikipedia:Articular AAO:0000028 goniale AAO:0000028 dermarticulare AAO:0000028 angulaire AAO:0000028 angulare AAO:0000028 operculo angulaire AAO ZFA:0000467 anguloarticular parasphenoid AAO:0000385 Long, unpaired median dermal bone that runs almost the entire length of the cranium. Contacts the prevomer anteriorly, and the prootic and basioccipital posteriorly. Anteriorly the parasphenoid is a long, thin bone that widens abruptly at the point of contact with the prootic. TAO:0000561 UBERON:0004745 ZFA:0000561 keilbein os parasphenoidale os sphenoideum parabasale uberon AAO:0000385 os parasphenoidale AAO:0000385 keilbein AAO:0000385 parabasale Long, unpaired median dermal bone that runs almost the entire length of the cranium. Contacts the prevomer anteriorly, and the prootic and basioccipital posteriorly. Anteriorly the parasphenoid is a long, thin bone that widens abruptly at the point of contact with the prootic. ZFA:0000561 AAO:0000385 os sphenoideum prootic AAO:0000514 EFO:0003542 Paired, endochondral bones forming the anterior, and lateral walls of the otic capsules. TAO:0000575 UBERON:0004746 ZFA:0000575 uberon AAO:0000514 Paired, endochondral bones forming the anterior, and lateral walls of the otic capsules. supraoccipital AAO:0000588 In humans: a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young[DF]. In teleosts: Large shield-shaped unpaired median cartilage bone that contact the parietal anteriorly, and the exocciptial and epiotic laterally. Forms the posterodorsal most point of the cranium. The supraoccipital usually bears a crest that extends posterodorsally. MA:0001474 SCTID:95947006 TAO:0000595 UBERON:0004747 UBERON:0005237 VHOG:0001150 ZFA:0000595 supraoccipital bone uberon MA:0001474 supraoccipital bone In humans: a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young[DF]. In teleosts: Large shield-shaped unpaired median cartilage bone that contact the parietal anteriorly, and the exocciptial and epiotic laterally. Forms the posterodorsal most point of the cranium. The supraoccipital usually bears a crest that extends posterodorsally. ZFA:0000595 autopalatine AAO:0000372 TAO:0000620 The cartilaginous autopalatine forms from the anterior palatoquadrate arch. The first sign of ossification is visible at the anterior tip where it articulates with the maxilla (7.6 mm). In adults there are three processes at the anterior portion of the palatine: a ventromedial process, which forms the socket of the small ball- and- socket joint with the preethmoid; a dorsomedial process, which is connected by a short ligament to the ethmoid; and a lateral process, which extends toward the first infraorbital. Possession of a dorsomedial process, which abuts the ethmoid, is a unique feature shared by Cypriniformes (Fink and Fink, 1981). The palatine has two components, the autopalatine (derived from pars autopalatine) and the dermal component having teeth, the dermopalatine Arratia & Schultze 1990. The element in cypriniforms is only the cartilage part, so that it is more correct to name it autopalatine and not as palatine in general that it implies a fusion of elements (as in perciforms). UBERON:0004748 ZFA:0000620 neopalatine palatine uberon The cartilaginous autopalatine forms from the anterior palatoquadrate arch. The first sign of ossification is visible at the anterior tip where it articulates with the maxilla (7.6 mm). In adults there are three processes at the anterior portion of the palatine: a ventromedial process, which forms the socket of the small ball- and- socket joint with the preethmoid; a dorsomedial process, which is connected by a short ligament to the ethmoid; and a lateral process, which extends toward the first infraorbital. Possession of a dorsomedial process, which abuts the ethmoid, is a unique feature shared by Cypriniformes (Fink and Fink, 1981). The palatine has two components, the autopalatine (derived from pars autopalatine) and the dermal component having teeth, the dermopalatine Arratia & Schultze 1990. The element in cypriniforms is only the cartilage part, so that it is more correct to name it autopalatine and not as palatine in general that it implies a fusion of elements (as in perciforms). ZFA:0000620 AAO:0000372 neopalatine ZFA:0000620 palatine blastodisc AAO:0000043 BTO:0000494 BTO:0001504 TAO:0001175 UBERON:0004749 ZFA:0001175 a small, circular, white spot (approximately 2-3 mm across) on the surface of the yellow yolk of an egg that has been laid. The nucleus of the egg is in the germinal disc. germinal disc uberon Wikipedia:Germinal_disc germinal disc Wikipedia:Germinal_disc a small, circular, white spot (approximately 2-3 mm across) on the surface of the yellow yolk of an egg that has been laid. The nucleus of the egg is in the germinal disc. blastoderm A layer of cells formed at one pole of macrolecithal eggs such as the yolky egg of birds. The yolk prevents the division from taking place through the egg, resulting in meroblastic cleavage during the many cleavage divisions. At the animal pole (containing less yolk than the vegetal pole), the zygote divides and subdivides, forming the blastoderm, which gradually spreads around the yolk and forms the embryo. The blastoderm is composed of two layers, the epiblast and the hypoblast, which enclose the fluid-filled blastocoel cavity. AAO:0000042 BTO:0000126 MESH:A.16.254.085.067 TAO:0001176 UBERON:0004750 ZFA:0001176 uberon A layer of cells formed at one pole of macrolecithal eggs such as the yolky egg of birds. The yolk prevents the division from taking place through the egg, resulting in meroblastic cleavage during the many cleavage divisions. At the animal pole (containing less yolk than the vegetal pole), the zygote divides and subdivides, forming the blastoderm, which gradually spreads around the yolk and forms the embryo. The blastoderm is composed of two layers, the epiblast and the hypoblast, which enclose the fluid-filled blastocoel cavity. Wikipedia:Blastoderm hypohyal bone AAO:0000958 Hypohyals are the most anterior of the bilaterally paired ventral hyoid arch elements. The two hypohyals in zebrafish ossify at the anterodorsal and anteroventral tips of the ceratohyal cartilages; no separate hypohyal cartilages are present. TAO:0001381 UBERON:0004751 ZFA:0001381 uberon Hypohyals are the most anterior of the bilaterally paired ventral hyoid arch elements. The two hypohyals in zebrafish ossify at the anterodorsal and anteroventral tips of the ceratohyal cartilages; no separate hypohyal cartilages are present. ZFA:0001381 palatoquadrate cartilage AAO:0000379 TAO:0001399 UBERON:0004752 ZFA:0001399 dorsal mandibular cartilage pterygoquadrate quadrate cartilage the dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage uberon ZFA:0001399 pterygoquadrate ZFA ZFA ZFA:0001399 quadrate cartilage Wikipedia:Palatoquadrate the dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage AAO ZFA:0001399 dorsal mandibular cartilage scapulocoracoid AAO:0000781 AO notes: ZFA defines as precursor to scapula and coracoid. Taxon notes: Fused, ossified portions of the scapula, procoracoid, and coracoid[AAO] Cartilage in TAO. Editor notes: todo - decide whether to create separate classes for cartilage & ossified Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]. TAO:0001455 UBERON:0004753 VSAO:0005002 ZFA:0001455 coraco-scapular cartilage scapulocoracoideum uberon VSAO:0005002 scapulocoracoideum Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0005002 Wikipedia:Scapulocoracoid ZFA:0001455 coraco-scapular cartilage VSAO foramen ovale of heart Bottalo's foramen EHDAA2:0004142 EMAPA:18244 FMA:86043 In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale (also ostium secundum of Born or falx septi) allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. It is one of two fetal cardiac shunts, the other being the ductus arteriosus (which allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation). Another similar adaptation in the fetus is the ductus venosus. In most individuals, the foramen ovale (pronounced /fɒˈreɪmən oʊˈvɑːli/) closes at birth. It later forms the fossa ovalis[WP]. MA:0001873 SCTID:362015004 UBERON:0004754 falx septi foramen ovale foramen ovale cordis galen:ForamenOvaleCordis ncithesaurus:Oval_Foramen ostium secundum of Born uberon In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale (also ostium secundum of Born or falx septi) allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. It is one of two fetal cardiac shunts, the other being the ductus arteriosus (which allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation). Another similar adaptation in the fetus is the ductus venosus. In most individuals, the foramen ovale (pronounced /fɒˈreɪmən oʊˈvɑːli/) closes at birth. It later forms the fossa ovalis[WP]. Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(heart) Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(heart) falx septi foramen ovale cordis galen:ForamenOvaleCordis Bottalo's foramen FMA:86043 Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(heart) ostium secundum of Born MA:0001873 foramen ovale galen:ForamenOvale skeletal tissue Connective tissue that functions in mechanical and structural support. Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from SCTID:309311006 UBERON:0004755 VSAO:0000015 XAO:0004038 ZFA:0005619 mineralized tissue uberon VSAO Connective tissue that functions in mechanical and structural support. VSAO:0000015 dermal skeletal element UBERON:0004756 dermal element dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. uberon VSAO:curator dermal element rectal gland An evagination of the terminal portion of the intestine of Elasmobranchii. Function formerly thought to be related to digestion or excretion, but now considered to secrete high concentrations of excess sodium chloride. Found also in the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae[BTO]. BTO:0001157 SCTID:80455007 UBERON:0004757 does not include FMA:15724 Rectal gland // epithelial tissue gland - concentrates & secretes excess Na & Cl in sharks. large shark liver produces copious amounts of urea, making the shark hyperosmotic to seawater, & thus a shark acts like a fresh water fish, constantly gaining water. Excess salts are concentrated by the rectal gland and secreted uberon An evagination of the terminal portion of the intestine of Elasmobranchii. Function formerly thought to be related to digestion or excretion, but now considered to secrete high concentrations of excess sodium chloride. Found also in the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae[BTO]. BTO:0001157 salt gland BTO:0001204 GAID:1235 MESH:A.13.811 UBERON:0004758 an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs, seabirds, and some reptiles. In sharks, salt glands are found in the rectum, but in birds and reptiles, they are found in or on the skull, in the area of the eyes, nostrils or mouth. In crocodiles, the salt is excreted through the tongue. Such glands work by active transport via sodium-potassium pump that moves salt from the blood into the gland, where it can be excreted as a concentrated solution. Salt glands function to keep salt balance, and allow marine vertebrates to drink seawater[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Salt_gland an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs, seabirds, and some reptiles. In sharks, salt glands are found in the rectum, but in birds and reptiles, they are found in or on the skull, in the area of the eyes, nostrils or mouth. In crocodiles, the salt is excreted through the tongue. Such glands work by active transport via sodium-potassium pump that moves salt from the blood into the gland, where it can be excreted as a concentrated solution. Salt glands function to keep salt balance, and allow marine vertebrates to drink seawater[WP]. salt gland of cranial region A salt gland located in the cranium or cranial region. UBERON:0004759 uberon A salt gland located in the cranium or cranial region. OBOL:automatic gland of anal canal A gland that is part of an anal canal [Obol]. EMAPA:27221 EMAPA:27233 EMAPA:27543 FMA:15720 FMA:15724 UBERON:0004760 anal gland anal sac gland of anal canal gland of anus ncithesaurus:Anal_Gland rectal gland uberon OBOL:automatic gland of anal canal A gland that is part of an anal canal [Obol]. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:Anal_gland Wikipedia:Anal_gland anal sac cartilaginous neurocranium AAO:0000094 AAO:0010153 EHDAA:6031 FMA:76621 SCTID:155540009 UBERON:0004761 XAO:0003059 cartilaginous chondocranium cartilaginous skull cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull chondocranium ncithesaurus:Chondrocranium neurocranium note that in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain) the primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. uberon PMC1571569 neurocranium Wikipedia:Chondrocranium the primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. Wikipedia:Chondrocranium chondocranium endochondral bone tissue AAO:0010768 MA:0002836 Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[TAO]. Endochondral ossification is the formation of bone by the replacement of cartilage tissue with mineralized bone[GO]. cartilage is present during endochondral ossification. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the length of long bones, and the natural healing of bone fractures[WP]. TAO:0001637 UBERON:0004763 ZFA:0001628 note the distinction between endochondral bone and endochondral bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type replacement bone uberon ZFA:0001628 replacement bone GO:0001958 Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[TAO]. Endochondral ossification is the formation of bone by the replacement of cartilage tissue with mineralized bone[GO]. cartilage is present during endochondral ossification. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the length of long bones, and the natural healing of bone fractures[WP]. Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification ZFA intramembranous bone tissue Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. MA:0002837 UBERON:0004764 note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type. uberon Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. GO:0001957 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification skeletal element Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. TAO:0001890 TODO - add more general class for other kinds of mineralized tissue UBERON:0004765 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure uberon Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. UBERON:cjm VSAO cranial bone A bone that is part of a cranium. SCTID:181792001 UBERON:0004766 cranium bone uberon A bone that is part of a cranium. UBERON:automatic UBERON:automatic cranium bone vomerine tooth A tooth that is on the vomer. AAO:0000635 TAO:0001631 UBERON:0004767 uberon A tooth that is on the vomer. http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Vomerine%20teeth bone of lower jaw Any bone that is part of the lower jaw. This includes (when present): the dentary, the articular, the single jaw bone of mammals Editor notes: Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified UBERON:0004768 bone of ventral mandibular arch bone organ of lower jaw bone organ of ventral mandibular arch lower jaw bone lower jaw bone organ uberon ventral mandibular arch bone ventral mandibular arch bone organ OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower jaw UBERONREF:0000002 OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch bone OBOL:automatic bone organ of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic lower jaw bone organ OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of ventral mandibular arch Any bone that is part of the lower jaw. This includes (when present): the dentary, the articular, the single jaw bone of mammals UBERON:cjm diaphysis FMA:24013 GAID:189 MESH:A.02.835.232.169 SCTID:361729006 Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: diaphysis of humerus, diaphysis of femur[FMA]. the main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat). UBERON:0004769 body of long bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_long_bone.jpg long bone diaphysis shaft of long bone uberon Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: diaphysis of humerus, diaphysis of femur[FMA]. the main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat). Wikipedia:Diaphysis articular system Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. FMA:23878 MA:0003007 SCTID:361827000 UBERON:0004770 VSAO:0000181 joint system set of all joints set of all joints of body uberon VSAO FMA:23878 set of all joints of body Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. VSAO:0000181 FMA:23878 joint system FMA posterior nasal aperture AAO:0000093 EHDAA2:0000242 EHDAA:7842 FMA:53143 Fish don't have choanae, instead they have two pairs of external nostrils[WP] In addition to tetrapods, the lungfish has internal nostrils too. TODO: check part_of vs adjacent_to nasal cavity. In tetrapods the exhalant nostril (choana) empties into the buccal cavity. MA:0001323 Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx[AAO] The choanae are separated by the vomer[WP]. SCTID:244507001 UBERON:0004771 VHOG:0000545 XAO:0000277 choana http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gray855.png/200px-Gray855.png internal naris nasopharyngeal naris uberon Wikipedia:Choane XAO:0000277 choana MA:0001323 internal naris AAO:0000093 Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx[AAO] The choanae are separated by the vomer[WP]. Wikipedia:Posterior_nasal_apertures eyelid tarsus FMA:59086 MA:0000270 SCTID:362529005 Taxon notes: In most taxa (birds, mammals, lizards), the tarsal plate is described as a dense, fibrous connective tissue, possibly including cartilage, present within one or both of the upper and lower eyelids (Gau- thier et al., 1988; Rieppel, 2000). In humans, the tarsal plate of the upper eyelid is composed of collagens types I, III, and V, as well as glycosaminogly- cans (chondroitin sulphate 4 and 6), aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix proteins but lacks collagen type II as well as chondrocytes (Milz et al., 2005). Thus, for humans, the upper tarsal plate represents neither a truly fibrous nor a truly cartilagi- nous element but instead one that is composed of a unique transitional tissue (Milz et al., 2005). In many birds, lizards, and Sphenodon (the tuatara), the upper eyelid has lim- ited mobility and a putative tarsal plate is instead found within the lower eyelid (Underwood, 1970; Gau- thier et al., 1988). [PMID:16496288] The tarsi (tarsal plates) are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 2.5 cm. in length; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support. They directly abut the lid margins. UBERON:0004772 ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Plate tarsal plate tarsal plate of eyelid tarsus palpebralis uberon FMA:59086 tarsal plate of eyelid The tarsi (tarsal plates) are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 2.5 cm. in length; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support. They directly abut the lid margins. Wikipedia:Tarsus_(eyelids) PMID:16496288 tarsus palpebralis FMA:59086 tarsal plate superior eyelid tarsus An eyelid tarsus that is part of a upper eyelid [Obol]. FMA:59087 MA:0001260 SCTID:368773004 UBERON:0004773 superior tarsal plate superior tarsus superior tarsus of eyelid tarsal plate of upper eyelid tarsus of upper eyelid tarsus superior uberon FMA:59087 FMA:TA tarsus superior FMA:59087 superior tarsal plate FMA:59087 tarsal plate of upper eyelid FMA:59087 superior tarsus An eyelid tarsus that is part of a upper eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic inferior eyelid tarsus An eyelid tarsus that is part of a lower eyelid [Obol]. FMA:59088 MA:0001257 SCTID:368774005 UBERON:0004774 inferior tarsal plate inferior tarsus inferior tarsus of eyelid tarsal plate of lower eyelid tarsus inferior tarsus of lower eyelid uberon An eyelid tarsus that is part of a lower eyelid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:59088 FMA:TA tarsus inferior FMA:59088 inferior tarsal plate FMA:59088 inferior tarsus FMA:59088 tarsal plate of lower eyelid outer renal medulla vasa recta A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Obol]. MA:0002597 UBERON:0004775 kidney outer medulla vasa recta kidney outer renal medulla vasa recta outer medulla of kidney vasa recta outer zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta outer zone of renal medulla vasa recta uberon vasa recta of outer medulla of kidney vasa recta of outer renal medulla vasa recta of outer zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta of outer zone of renal medulla OBOL:automatic vasa recta of outer renal medulla OBOL:automatic vasa recta of outer zone of renal medulla OBOL:automatic outer zone of renal medulla vasa recta OBOL:automatic outer medulla of kidney vasa recta A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vasa recta of outer medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic vasa recta of outer zone of medulla of kidney MP:0011330 kidney outer medulla vasa recta MP:0011330 kidney outer renal medulla vasa recta OBOL:automatic outer zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta inner renal medulla vasa recta A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. MA:0002596 UBERON:0004776 inner medulla of kidney vasa recta inner zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta inner zone of renal medulla vasa recta set of inner region of renal pyramids vasa recta uberon vasa recta of inner medulla of kidney vasa recta of inner renal medulla vasa recta of inner zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta of inner zone of renal medulla vasa recta of set of inner region of renal pyramids OBOL:automatic inner medulla of kidney vasa recta OBOL:automatic inner zone of renal medulla vasa recta A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vasa recta of inner renal medulla OBOL:automatic set of inner region of renal pyramids vasa recta OBOL:automatic vasa recta of inner zone of medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic vasa recta of inner zone of renal medulla OBOL:automatic vasa recta of inner medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic vasa recta of set of inner region of renal pyramids OBOL:automatic inner zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta respiratory system submucosa A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001822 UBERON:0004777 apparatus respiratorius submucosa submucosa of apparatus respiratorius submucosa of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic submucosa of respiratory system A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic larynx submucosa A submucosa that is part of a larynx [Obol]. MA:0002728 SCTID:361941005 UBERON:0004778 submucosa of larynx uberon OBOL:automatic submucosa of larynx A submucosa that is part of a larynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001821 UBERON:0004779 apparatus respiratorius lamina propria apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius lamina propria of respiratory system respiratory system lamina propria mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lamina propria of respiratory system OBOL:automatic lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lamina propria gastrointestinal system lamina propria MA:0001899 UBERON:0004780 ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract_Lamina_Propria uberon gall bladder lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. MA:0001633 UBERON:0004781 biliary lamina propria gall bladder lamina propria mucosa gallbladder lamina propria gallbladder lamina propria mucosa lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder lamina propria of gall bladder lamina propria of gallbladder ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Lamina_Propria uberon OBOL:automatic gallbladder lamina propria OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder MA:0001633 biliary lamina propria OBOL:automatic gall bladder lamina propria mucosa A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria of gallbladder OBOL:automatic gallbladder lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria of gall bladder gastrointestinal system serosa A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. MA:0001522 UBERON:0004782 digestive system serosa digestive system serous membrane gastrointestinal system serous membrane serosa of digestive system serosa of gastrointestinal system serous membrane of digestive system serous membrane of gastrointestinal system uberon OBOL:automatic serosa of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic serous membrane of digestive system OBOL:automatic digestive system serous membrane OBOL:automatic digestive system serosa OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of digestive system A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic gall bladder serosa A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. FMA:14659 MA:0001634 SCTID:362197006 UBERON:0004783 biliary serosa gall bladder serous membrane gallbladder serosa gallbladder serous membrane serosa of gall bladder serosa of gallbladder serous coat of gallbladder serous membrane of gall bladder serous membrane of gallbladder tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) tunica serosa vesicae biliaris uberon MA:0001634 biliary serosa OBOL:automatic gallbladder serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gallbladder OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gall bladder FMA:14659 FMA:TA tunica serosa vesicae biliaris FMA:14659 tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) FMA:14659 serous coat of gallbladder OBOL:automatic gall bladder serous membrane OBOL:automatic gallbladder serosa A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic serosa of gallbladder OBOL:automatic serosa of gall bladder heart ventricle wall An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Obol]. FMA:13884 MA:0002791 UBERON:0004784 anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle anatomical wall of heart ventricle anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart anatomical wall of ventricle of heart cardiac ventricle anatomical wall cardiac ventricle wall heart ventricle anatomical wall lower chamber of heart anatomical wall lower chamber of heart wall uberon ventricle of heart anatomical wall ventricle of heart wall ventricular wall wall of cardiac ventricle wall of heart ventricle wall of lower chamber of heart wall of ventricle wall of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic wall of ventricle of heart MA:0002791 wall of ventricle OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart wall OBOL:automatic wall of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle wall OBOL:automatic heart ventricle anatomical wall OBOL:automatic wall of heart ventricle FMA:13884 ventricular wall OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart wall An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic wall of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart anatomical wall OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart anatomical wall OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle anatomical wall respiratory system mucosa A mucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. BTO:0000973 EMAPA:18334 GAID:304 MA:0001827 MESH:A.04.760 TODO - split respiratory tract mucosa from respiratory system mucosa UBERON:0004785 apparatus respiratorius mucosa apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane mucosa of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of respiratory system mucosa of respiratory system mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane of respiratory system respiratory mucosa respiratory system mucosa of organ respiratory system mucous membrane uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of respiratory system BTO:0000973 respiratory mucosa OBOL:automatic respiratory system mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of respiratory system OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius mucosa OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of respiratory system OBOL:automatic mucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius gastrointestinal system mucosa BTO:0000546 MA:0001521 SCTID:410433007 The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. PMID:16417468 UBERON:0004786 digestive tract mucosa gut mucosa gut mucuous membrane mucosa of gut uberon UBERON:cjm digestive tract mucosa BTO-modified BTO:0000546 gut mucosa UBERON:cjm mucosa of gut UBERON:cjm gut mucuous membrane urethra urothelium A urothelium that is part of a urethra [Obol]. MA:0001687 UBERON:0004787 ncithesaurus:Urethra_Transitional_Cell_Epithelium uberon urethra Uroepithelium uroepithelium of urethra urothelium of urethra OBOL:automatic urothelium of urethra A urothelium that is part of a urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic uroepithelium of urethra OBOL:automatic urethra Uroepithelium kidney pelvis urothelium A urothelium that is part of a renal pelvis [Obol]. FMA:263264 MA:0002632 UBERON:0004788 kidney pelvis Uroepithelium kidney pelvis transitional epithelium ncithesaurus:Renal_Pelvis_Urothelium pelvis of ureter Uroepithelium pelvis of ureter urothelium renal pelvis Uroepithelium renal pelvis transitional epithelium renal pelvis urothelium transitional epithelium of kidney pelvis transitional epithelium of renal pelvis uberon uroepithelium of kidney pelvis uroepithelium of pelvis of ureter uroepithelium of renal pelvis urothelium of kidney pelvis urothelium of pelvis of ureter urothelium of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic renal pelvis Uroepithelium OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis Uroepithelium OBOL:automatic urothelium of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic urothelium of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter urothelium OBOL:automatic uroepithelium of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis transitional epithelium OBOL:automatic renal pelvis transitional epithelium FMA:263264 transitional epithelium of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic renal pelvis urothelium OBOL:automatic urothelium of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic uroepithelium of kidney pelvis A urothelium that is part of a renal pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter Uroepithelium OBOL:automatic transitional epithelium of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic uroepithelium of renal pelvis larynx mucous gland A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Obol]. MA:0001767 UBERON:0004789 mucous gland of larynx uberon A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucous gland of larynx skin mucous gland Editor notes; See comments for 'skin mucus' MA:0000148 UBERON:0004790 mucous gland of entire skin mucous gland of skin of body skin mucus gland skin of body mucous gland uberon OBOL:automatic skin mucus gland OBOL:automatic skin of body mucous gland OBOL:automatic mucous gland of skin of body OBOL:automatic mucous gland of entire skin thymus trabecula A trabecula that is part of a thymus [Obol]. MA:0002674 UBERON:0004791 ncithesaurus:Thymic_Trabecula thymic trabecula thymus gland trabecula trabecula of thymus trabecula of thymus gland uberon A trabecula that is part of a thymus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic trabecula of thymus gland OBOL:automatic thymic trabecula OBOL:automatic trabecula of thymus OBOL:automatic thymus gland trabecula MA secretion of endocrine pancreas A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Obol]. MA:0002517 UBERON:0004792 endocrine pancreas secretion ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion pancreatic endocrine secretion pars endocrina pancreatis secretion secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis uberon OBOL:automatic pars endocrina pancreatis secretion A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis OBOL:automatic endocrine pancreas secretion ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion pancreatic endocrine secretion secretion of exocrine pancreas A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Obol]. MA:0002518 UBERON:0004793 exocrine pancreas secretion ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion pancreatic exocrine secretion pars exocrina pancreatis secretion secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis uberon A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic exocrine pancreas secretion ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion pancreatic exocrine secretion OBOL:automatic pars exocrina pancreatis secretion OBOL:automatic secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis esophagus secretion A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. FMA:79662 MA:0002514 UBERON:0004794 esophageal secretion gullet secretion ncithesaurus:Esophagus_Secretion oesophagus secretion secretion of esophagus secretion of gullet secretion of oesophagus uberon OBOL:automatic secretion of oesophagus FMA:79662 esophageal secretion OBOL:automatic secretion of esophagus OBOL:automatic secretion of gullet A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gullet secretion OBOL:automatic oesophagus secretion pancreas secretion A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Obol]. MA:0002516 UBERON:0004795 ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Secretion pancreatic secretion secretion of pancreas uberon OBOL:automatic secretion of pancreas OBOL:automatic pancreatic secretion A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Obol]. OBOL:automatic prostate gland secretion A secretion of the prostate this is slightly alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance. Usually constitutes 20–30% of the volume of the semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid FMA:66884 MA:0002525 Taxon notes: Prostatic secretions vary among species. They are generally composed of simple sugars and are often slightly alkaline. UBERON:0004796 UBERON:0010142 ncithesaurus:Prostate_Gland_Secretion prostate secretion prostatic fluid secretion of prostate secretion of prostate gland uberon OBOL:automatic secretion of prostate gland A secretion of the prostate this is slightly alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance. Usually constitutes 20–30% of the volume of the semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid Wikipedia:Prostate#Secretions FMA FMA:66884 prostatic fluid OBOL:automatic secretion of prostate OBOL:automatic prostate secretion blood vessel layer MA:0002854 UBERON:0004797 uberon respiratory system basal lamina A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001816 UBERON:0004798 apparatus respiratorius basal lamina apparatus respiratorius basal lamina of connective tissue basal lamina of apparatus respiratorius basal lamina of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius basal lamina of connective tissue of respiratory system basal lamina of respiratory system respiratory system basal lamina of connective tissue uberon A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic basal lamina of respiratory system OBOL:automatic basal lamina of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius basal lamina of connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius basal lamina OBOL:automatic basal lamina of connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system basal lamina of connective tissue OBOL:automatic basal lamina of apparatus respiratorius trachea basal lamina A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory airway [Obol]. MA:0001855 UBERON:0004799 basal lamina of connective tissue of respiratory airway ncithesaurus:Trachea_Basal_Lamina uberon OBOL:automatic basal lamina of connective tissue of respiratory airway A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory airway [Obol]. OBOL:automatic bronchus basal lamina A basal lamina that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001833 UBERON:0004800 basal lamina of bronchi basal lamina of bronchial trunk basal lamina of bronchus basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchi basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchial trunk basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchus bronchi basal lamina bronchi basal lamina of connective tissue bronchial trunk basal lamina bronchial trunk basal lamina of connective tissue bronchus basal lamina of connective tissue ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Basal_Lamina uberon OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk basal lamina OBOL:automatic basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchus A basal lamina that is part of a bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk basal lamina of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi basal lamina OBOL:automatic basal lamina of bronchi OBOL:automatic bronchi basal lamina of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchus basal lamina of connective tissue OBOL:automatic basal lamina of bronchus OBOL:automatic basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic basal lamina of bronchial trunk cervix epithelium An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Obol]. BTO:0000241 EFO:0001913 MA:0001724 UBERON:0004801 cervical canal epithelial tissue cervical canal epithelium cervical canal of uterus epithelial tissue cervical canal of uterus epithelium cervix epithelial tissue cervix of uterus epithelial tissue cervix of uterus epithelium epithelial tissue of cervical canal epithelial tissue of cervical canal of uterus epithelial tissue of cervix epithelial tissue of cervix of uterus epithelial tissue of neck of uterus epithelial tissue of uterine cervix epithelium of cervical canal epithelium of cervical canal of uterus epithelium of cervix epithelium of cervix of uterus epithelium of neck of uterus epithelium of uterine cervix ncithesaurus:Cervix_Epithelium neck of uterus epithelial tissue neck of uterus epithelium uberon uterine cervix epithelial tissue uterine cervix epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of cervix of uterus OBOL:automatic epithelium of neck of uterus OBOL:automatic cervical canal epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of cervical canal OBOL:automatic neck of uterus epithelium OBOL:automatic uterine cervix epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of neck of uterus OBOL:automatic epithelium of uterine cervix OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cervical canal of uterus OBOL:automatic cervix epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cervical canal of uterus epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cervical canal OBOL:automatic cervix of uterus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic neck of uterus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic cervical canal epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic cervix of uterus epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cervix OBOL:automatic uterine cervix epithelium OBOL:automatic cervical canal of uterus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of uterine cervix OBOL:automatic epithelium of cervical canal of uterus OBOL:automatic epithelium of cervix OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cervix of uterus respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a respiratory tract [Obol]. BTO:0000419 MA:0001480 UBERON:0004802 airway epithelium epithelial tissue of respiratory tract epithelium of respiratory tract respiratory epithelium respiratory tract epithelial tissue uberon An epithelium that is part of a respiratory tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic BTO:0000419 respiratory epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of respiratory tract OBOL:automatic respiratory tract epithelial tissue BTO:0000419 airway epithelium penis epithelium An epithelium that is part of a penis [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004039 MA:0001742 UBERON:0004803 epithelial tissue of penis epithelium of penis penis epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic penis epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of penis An epithelium that is part of a penis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelium of penis oviduct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Obol]. BTO:0002402 EMAPA:29043 MA:0001718 UBERON:0004804 epithelial tissue of oviduct epithelium of fallopian tube epithelium of oviduct epithelium of uterine tube in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label oviduct epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic oviduct epithelial tissue FMA:62016 epithelium of uterine tube OBOL:automatic epithelium of oviduct OBOL:automatic epithelium of fallopian tube An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of oviduct seminal vesicle epithelium An epithelium that is part of a seminal vesicle [Obol]. EMAPA:29771 MA:0001745 UBERON:0004805 epithelial tissue of seminal gland epithelial tissue of seminal vesicle epithelium of seminal gland epithelium of seminal vesicle ncithesaurus:Seminal_Vesicle_Epithelium seminal gland epithelial tissue seminal gland epithelium seminal vesicle epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic seminal gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminal gland OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of seminal gland OBOL:automatic seminal gland epithelium An epithelium that is part of a seminal vesicle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminal vesicle vas deferens epithelium An epithelium that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. EMAPA:29274 FMA:225317 MA:0001749 UBERON:0004806 deferent duct epithelial tissue deferent duct epithelium ductus deferens epithelial tissue ductus deferens epithelium epithelial tissue of deferent duct epithelial tissue of ductus deferens epithelial tissue of sperm duct epithelial tissue of vas deferen epithelial tissue of vas deferens epithelium of deferent duct epithelium of ductus deferens epithelium of sperm duct epithelium of vas deferen epithelium of vas deferens ncithesaurus:Vas_Deferens_Epithelium sperm duct epithelial tissue sperm duct epithelium uberon vas deferen epithelial tissue vas deferen epithelium vas deferens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic ductus deferens epithelium OBOL:automatic deferent duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic deferent duct epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of sperm duct OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic vas deferen epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic sperm duct epithelium OBOL:automatic vas deferens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic vas deferen epithelium OBOL:automatic sperm duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of vas deferen OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of vas deferen OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of vas deferens OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of deferent duct OBOL:automatic ductus deferens epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelium of sperm duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of vas deferens OBOL:automatic epithelium of deferent duct respiratory system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001823 UBERON:0004807 apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of respiratory system gastrointestinal system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. MA:0001520 UBERON:0004808 digestive system epithelial tissue digestive system epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive system epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system epithelium of digestive system epithelium of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue uberon An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of digestive system OBOL:automatic epithelium of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic epithelium of digestive system OBOL:automatic digestive system epithelium OBOL:automatic digestive system epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system salivary gland epithelium An epithelium that is part of a salivary gland [Obol]. BTO:0004421 EMAPA:17753 EMAPA:17756 MA:0001587 UBERON:0004809 epithelial tissue of salivary gland epithelium of salivary gland salivary gland epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic epithelium of salivary gland OBOL:automatic salivary gland epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a salivary gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of salivary gland nephron tubule epithelium An epithelium that is part of a nephron tubule [Obol]. MA:0001681 UBERON:0004810 epithelial tissue of nephron tubule epithelial tissue of renal tubule epithelial tissue of tubulus renalis epithelium of nephron tubule epithelium of renal tubule epithelium of tubulus renalis ncithesaurus:Renal_Tubule_Epithelium nephron tubule epithelial tissue nephron tubule epithelium renal tubule epithelial tissue tubulus renalis epithelial tissue tubulus renalis epithelium uberon An epithelium that is part of a nephron tubule [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of renal tubule OBOL:automatic epithelium of tubulus renalis OBOL:automatic tubulus renalis epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of tubulus renalis OBOL:automatic renal tubule epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of renal tubule OBOL:automatic tubulus renalis epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of nephron tubule OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nephron tubule OBOL:automatic nephron tubule epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic nephron tubule epithelium endometrium epithelium AO notes: this is an only child term in MA. Taxon notes: In rodents and primates, the uterine epithelium (the endometrium) is eroded away so that maternal blood comes into direct contact with the trophoblast surface (called haemochorial) [PMID:19829370] An epithelium that is part of a endometrium [Obol]. MA:0002731 UBERON:0004811 endometrium epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of endometrium epithelium of endometrium epithelium of tunica mucosa (endometrium) uberon uterine epithelium An epithelium that is part of a endometrium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic endometrium epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of tunica mucosa (endometrium) OBOL:automatic epithelium of endometrium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of endometrium PMID:19829370 uterine epithelium male prepuce epithelium An epithelium that is part of a prepuce of penis [Obol]. EMAPA:30638 EMAPA:30655 MA:0001753 TODO - check prepuce vs male prepuce UBERON:0004812 epithelial tissue of foreskin epithelial tissue of penile prepuce epithelial tissue of prepuce epithelial tissue of prepuce of penis epithelium of foreskin epithelium of penile prepuce epithelium of prepuce epithelium of prepuce of penis foreskin epithelial tissue foreskin epithelium ncithesaurus:Prepuce_Epithelium penile prepuce epithelial tissue penile prepuce epithelium prepuce epithelial tissue prepuce epithelium prepuce of penis epithelial tissue prepuce of penis epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of foreskin OBOL:automatic prepuce epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a prepuce of penis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic prepuce of penis epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of foreskin OBOL:automatic foreskin epithelium MA:0001753 prepuce epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of prepuce OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of penile prepuce OBOL:automatic penile prepuce epithelium OBOL:automatic penile prepuce epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of prepuce of penis OBOL:automatic epithelium of penile prepuce OBOL:automatic foreskin epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of prepuce OBOL:automatic prepuce of penis epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of prepuce of penis seminiferous tubule epithelium BTO:0001811 EHDAA:8148 FMA:19885 GAID:401 MA:0001748 MESH:A.05.360.444.849.700.700 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002009 The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (spermatogonia) and supporting sertoli cells. As spermatogenesis proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains spermatocytes and the more advanced germ cells[GAID]. UBERON:0004813 VHOG:0000631 epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule of testis epithelium of seminiferous tubule epithelium of seminiferous tubule of testis germinal epithelium (male) male germinal epithelium ncithesaurus:Seminiferous_Epithelium seminiferous epithelium seminiferous tubule epithelial tissue testis germinal epithelium uberon wall of seminiferous tubule Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) wall of seminiferous tubule OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule of testis OBOL:automatic seminiferous tubule epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminiferous tubule of testis OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminiferous tubule BTO:0001811 seminiferous epithelium Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) germinal epithelium (male) Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) male germinal epithelium VHOG:0000631 testis germinal epithelium The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (spermatogonia) and supporting sertoli cells. As spermatogenesis proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains spermatocytes and the more advanced germ cells[GAID]. Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) upper respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Obol]. MA:0001912 UBERON:0004814 epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract epithelium of upper respiratory tract uberon upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of upper respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract OBOL:automatic upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. MA:0001481 UBERON:0004815 epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract epithelium of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue uberon An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue larynx epithelium An epithelium that is part of a larynx [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004065 MA:0001765 UBERON:0004816 epithelial tissue of larynx epithelium of larynx laryngeal epithelium larynx epithelial tissue ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of larynx OBOL:automatic laryngeal epithelium OBOL:automatic larynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of larynx An epithelium that is part of a larynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lacrimal gland epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lacrimal gland [Obol]. MA:0001297 UBERON:0004817 epithelial tissue of lacrimal gland epithelium of lacrimal gland lacrimal gland epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lacrimal gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of lacrimal gland An epithelium that is part of a lacrimal gland [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lacrimal gland epithelial tissue terminal bronchus epithelium An epithelium that is part of a terminal bronchus [Obol]. MA:0001851 UBERON:0004818 epithelial tissue of terminal bronchus epithelium of terminal bronchus terminal bronchus epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of terminal bronchus An epithelium that is part of a terminal bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic terminal bronchus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of terminal bronchus kidney epithelium An epithelium that is part of a kidney [Obol]. BTO:0000059 MA:0002846 UBERON:0004819 epithelial tissue of kidney epithelium of kidney kidney epithelial tissue uberon OBOL:automatic kidney epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of kidney An epithelium that is part of a kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of kidney bile duct epithelium BTO:0000417 BTO:0001513 Epithelium of the gallbladder and the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. MA:0001629 UBERON:0004820 bile duct epithelial tissue biliary duct epithelial tissue biliary duct epithelium biliary epithelium epithelial tissue of bile duct epithelial tissue of biliary duct epithelium of bile duct epithelium of biliary duct ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct_Epithelium todo - check if BTO terms need merged uberon BTO:0001513 Epithelium of the gallbladder and the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bile duct OBOL:automatic biliary duct epithelial tissue BTO:0001513 biliary epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of biliary duct OBOL:automatic biliary duct epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of biliary duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of bile duct OBOL:automatic bile duct epithelial tissue pulmonary alveolus epithelium BTO:0003511 FMA:63915 MA:0001771 UBERON:0004821 alveolus epithelial tissue alveolus epithelium epithelial tissue of alveolus epithelium of alveolus pulmonary alveolar epithelium pulmonary alveolus epithelium the epithelial layer of the alveoli[MP]. The layer of cells covering the lining of the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles[BTO]. uberon OBOL:automatic alveolus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of alveolus FMA OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of alveolus FMA MA:0001771 alveolus epithelium MP:0010898 pulmonary alveolus epithelium BTO:0003511 MP:0010898 the epithelial layer of the alveoli[MP]. The layer of cells covering the lining of the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles[BTO]. FMA:63915 pulmonary alveolar epithelium extrahepatic bile duct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Obol]. MA:0002661 UBERON:0004822 epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct OBOL:automatic extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct intrahepatic bile duct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Obol]. MA:0002662 UBERON:0004823 epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium uberon An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct OBOL:automatic intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue dental lamina EMAPA:18292 EMAPA:18295 EMAPA:18298 EMAPA:18301 Homology notes: In the epidermis of embryonic birds, there remains a transient thickening that is comparable to the early formation of the dental lamina in the mouse[PMID:10954731]. AO notes: check MA placement MA:0001597 SCTID:362862007 UBERON:0004825 a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. The dental lamina is first evidence of tooth development and begins at the sixth week in utero or three weeks after the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It is formed when cells of the oral ectoderm proliferate faster than cells of other areas. Best described as an in-growth of oral ectoderm, the dental lamina is frequently distinguished from the vestibular lamina, which develops concurrently. This dividing tissue is surrounded by and, some would argue, stimulated by ectomysenchymal growth. When it is present, the dental lamina connects the developing tooth bud to the epithelium of the oral cavity. Eventually, the dental lamina disintegrates into small clusters of epithelium and is resorbed. In situations when the clusters are not resorbed, (this remanent of the dental lamina is sometimes known as the glands of Serres) eruption cysts are formed over the developing tooth and delay its eruption into the oral cavity. This invagination of ectodermal tissues is the proginitor to the later ameloblasts and enamel while the ectomysenchyme is responsible for the dental papilla and later odontoblasts. lamina dentalis uberon Wikipedia:Dental_lamina lamina dentalis MA Wikipedia:Dental_lamina a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. The dental lamina is first evidence of tooth development and begins at the sixth week in utero or three weeks after the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It is formed when cells of the oral ectoderm proliferate faster than cells of other areas. Best described as an in-growth of oral ectoderm, the dental lamina is frequently distinguished from the vestibular lamina, which develops concurrently. This dividing tissue is surrounded by and, some would argue, stimulated by ectomysenchymal growth. When it is present, the dental lamina connects the developing tooth bud to the epithelium of the oral cavity. Eventually, the dental lamina disintegrates into small clusters of epithelium and is resorbed. In situations when the clusters are not resorbed, (this remanent of the dental lamina is sometimes known as the glands of Serres) eruption cysts are formed over the developing tooth and delay its eruption into the oral cavity. This invagination of ectodermal tissues is the proginitor to the later ameloblasts and enamel while the ectomysenchyme is responsible for the dental papilla and later odontoblasts. thyroid gland medulla A medulla that is part of a thyroid [Obol]. MA:0000132 UBERON:0004827 medulla of thyroid medulla of thyroid follicle medulla of thyroid gland medulla of thyroid gland follicle thyroid follicle medulla thyroid gland follicle medulla thyroid medulla uberon OBOL:automatic thyroid follicle medulla OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid follicle OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid gland OBOL:automatic thyroid medulla OBOL:automatic thyroid gland follicle medulla A medulla that is part of a thyroid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid gland follicle urethra skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Obol]. MA:0001690 UBERON:0004829 skeletal muscle of urethra skeletal muscle tissue of urethra uberon urethra skeletal muscle tissue urethral skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of urethra A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of urethra MA:0001690 urethral skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic urethra skeletal muscle tissue respiratory system skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001829 UBERON:0004830 respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius skeletal muscle of respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system uberon OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of respiratory system OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius esophagus skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. MA:0001572 UBERON:0004831 esophagus skeletal muscle tissue gullet skeletal muscle gullet skeletal muscle tissue oesophagus skeletal muscle oesophagus skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of esophagus skeletal muscle of gullet skeletal muscle of oesophagus skeletal muscle tissue of esophagus skeletal muscle tissue of gullet skeletal muscle tissue of oesophagus uberon OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of esophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of oesophagus A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of oesophagus OBOL:automatic esophagus skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of gullet OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of esophagus OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of gullet OBOL:automatic oesophagus skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic gullet skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic gullet skeletal muscle tissue anal region skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Obol]. MA:0001530 UBERON:0004832 anal part of perineum skeletal muscle anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue anal region skeletal muscle tissue anal triangle skeletal muscle anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum skeletal muscle of anal region skeletal muscle of anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue of anal region skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle uberon OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic anal region skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of anal region A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle OBOL:automatic anal triangle skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of anal triangle lip skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Obol]. MA:0001578 UBERON:0004833 lip skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of lip skeletal muscle tissue of lip uberon OBOL:automatic lip skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of lip A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of lip hepatic duct smooth muscle MA:0001640 UBERON:0004834 uberon epididymis smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Obol]. MA:0001736 UBERON:0004835 epididymis involuntary muscle epididymis non-striated muscle epididymis smooth muscle tissue epididymus involuntary muscle epididymus non-striated muscle epididymus smooth muscle epididymus smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of epididymis involuntary muscle of epididymus non-striated muscle of epididymis non-striated muscle of epididymus smooth muscle of epididymis smooth muscle of epididymus smooth muscle tissue of epididymis smooth muscle tissue of epididymus uberon OBOL:automatic epididymus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic epididymis involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic epididymus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of epididymis OBOL:automatic epididymus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic epididymis non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of epididymus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of epididymus OBOL:automatic epididymis smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of epididymus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of epididymis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of epididymis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of epididymus OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of epididymis OBOL:automatic epididymus smooth muscle respiratory system arterial endothelium An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001801 UBERON:0004848 apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium of respiratory system artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium of respiratory system endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery of respiratory system respiratory system artery endothelium respiratory system endothelium of artery uberon OBOL:automatic arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic endothelium of artery of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system artery endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of artery OBOL:automatic artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic arterial endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium OBOL:automatic artery endothelium of respiratory system respiratory system venous endothelium An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. MA:0001811 UBERON:0004849 apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein of respiratory system respiratory system endothelium of vein respiratory system vein endothelium uberon vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium of respiratory system venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system vein endothelium An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic venous endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic vein endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium OBOL:automatic vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein OBOL:automatic endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of vein of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of vein lymph node endothelium An endothelium that is part of a lymph node [Obol]. MA:0000741 UBERON:0004850 endothelium of lymph node uberon An endothelium that is part of a lymph node [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph node aorta endothelium An endothelium that is part of an aorta [Obol]. BTO:0000394 EFO:0002597 MA:0000701 UBERON:0004851 adult aorta endothelium endothelium of adult aorta endothelium of aorta endothelium of trunk of aortic tree endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree ncithesaurus:Aorta_Endothelium trunk of aortic tree endothelium trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium uberon OBOL:automatic endothelium of aorta OBOL:automatic endothelium of adult aorta OBOL:automatic trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree OBOL:automatic endothelium of trunk of aortic tree An endothelium that is part of an aorta [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic adult aorta endothelium OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree endothelium cardiovascular system endothelium An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. BTO:0001853 GAID:519 MA:0000717 MESH:A.07.231.330 TAO:0002171 UBERON:0004852 VHOG:0001217 XAO:0000356 ZFA:0001639 consider merging with 'endothelium' uberon An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. UBERON:cjm gastrointestinal system mesentery A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. MA:0001900 UBERON:0004854 digestive system mesentery mesentery of digestive system mesentery of gastrointestinal system uberon A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mesentery of digestive system OBOL:automatic mesentery of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic digestive system mesentery skeletal muscle connective tissue FMA:86022 MA:0002868 UBERON:0004857 connective tissue of skeletal muscle connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue no corresponding term in FMA? Skeletal muscle endomysium would be a subtype portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle endomysium skeletal muscle interstitial tissue skeletal muscle interstitum skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue skeletal muscle textus connectivus skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus textus connectivus of skeletal muscle textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue uberon OBOL:automatic connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue MA:0002868 skeletal muscle interstitial tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of skeletal muscle FMA:86022 skeletal muscle endomysium OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue MA:0002868 skeletal muscle interstitum cellular cartilage MA:0000105 SCTID:81997001 UBERON:0004858 uberon eye gland A gland that is part of a eye [Obol]. MA:0000267 UBERON:0004859 gland of eye uberon A gland that is part of a eye [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gland of eye brain ventricular zone UBERON:0003053 UBERON:0004860 true uberon right lung alveolus An alveolus that is part of a right lung [Obol]. EMAPA:19184 EMAPA:19186 EMAPA:19188 EMAPA:19190 MA:0001786 UBERON:0004861 alveolus of right lung ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Alveolus uberon An alveolus that is part of a right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic alveolus of right lung left lung alveolus An alveolus that is part of a left lung [Obol]. EMAPA:19182 MA:0001777 UBERON:0004862 alveolus of left lung ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Alveolus uberon An alveolus that is part of a left lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic alveolus of left lung thoracic sympathetic nerve trunk A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a thorax [Obol]. FMA:6262 MA:0001165 UBERON:0004863 ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Sympathetic_Nerve_Trunk nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system of thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system of thorax sympathetic nerve trunk of thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of thorax thoracic sympathetic trunk thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system thorax sympathetic nerve trunk thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk uberon OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system of thorax FMA:6262 thoracic sympathetic trunk OBOL:automatic sympathetic nerve trunk of thorax OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system of thorax OBOL:automatic sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax sympathetic nerve trunk OBOL:automatic thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system OBOL:automatic thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system OBOL:automatic thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic vasculature of retina A vasculature that is part of a retina [Obol]. FMA:76552 MESH:A.07.231.611 UBERON:0004864 XAO:0004153 retina vasculature retinal blood vessels retinal blood vessels set retinal vasculature set of blood vessels of retina set of retinal blood vessels uberon vasa sanguinea retinae FMA:76552 retinal blood vessels A vasculature that is part of a retina [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic set of blood vessels of retina FMA:76552 FMA:TA vasa sanguinea retinae OBOL:automatic retina vasculature FMA:76552 set of retinal blood vessels FMA:76552 retinal blood vessels set OBOL:automatic retinal vasculature teleost parietal bone Paired dermal bone that covers the hind part of the cranium, overlapping the dorsal edge of the sphenotic, pterotic, epiotic and the anterior edge of the supraoccipital. The parietal are overlapped anteriorly by the frontal. TAO:0000486 The parietal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the frontal bone in tetrapods UBERON:0004865 VHOG:0001327 ZFA:0000486 frontal bone parietal bone post parietal teleost parietal uberon TAO:0000486 parietal bone ZFA:0000486 post parietal Paired dermal bone that covers the hind part of the cranium, overlapping the dorsal edge of the sphenotic, pterotic, epiotic and the anterior edge of the supraoccipital. The parietal are overlapped anteriorly by the frontal. ZFA:0000486 FMA:52734 frontal bone teleost frontal bone One of two large elongated paired dermal bones that roof the cranium and bear part of the supraorbital canal. The frontal bones cover the upper edge of the lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoids and overlaps the parietal bone posteriorly. TAO:0000514 The frontal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the parietal bone in tetrapods UBERON:0004866 VHOG:0001324 ZFA:0000514 frontal bone teleost frontal teleost frontal bone uberon TAO:0000514 frontal bone One of two large elongated paired dermal bones that roof the cranium and bear part of the supraorbital canal. The frontal bones cover the upper edge of the lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoids and overlaps the parietal bone posteriorly. ZFA:0000514 TAO:0000514 teleost frontal bone TAO:0000514 teleost frontal orbital cavity FMA:84961 SCTID:280541000 UBERON:0004867 uberon tapetum lucidum UBERON:0004868 a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrate animals, that lies immediately behind or sometimes within the retina. It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors uberon Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrate animals, that lies immediately behind or sometimes within the retina. It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors parietal organ A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]. UBERON:0004869 parietal eye third eye uberon A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]. Wikipedia:Parietal_eye Wikipedia:Parietal_eye parietal eye Wikipedia:Parietal_eye third eye superficial cervical lymph node A group of nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical regions. Efferent vessels drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be further subdivided into anterior and lateral groupings. MA:0002886 SCTID:279144003 UBERON:0004870 ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Lymph_Node nodi lymphoidei cervicales prescapular lymph node uberon A group of nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical regions. Efferent vessels drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be further subdivided into anterior and lateral groupings. CL:tm Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes ref:Stedmans Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes nodi lymphoidei cervicales somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011100 BILA:0000047 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]. UBERON:0004871 XAO:0000271 check BILA outer layer of lateral plate mesoderm parietal mesoderm somatic mesoderm uberon BILA:0000047 somatic mesoderm ISBN:9780878932504 parietal mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011102 BILA:0000044 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. UBERON:0004872 XAO:0000276 inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm splanchnic mesoderm todo - check BILA uberon visceral mesoderm ISBN:9780878932504 splanchnic mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers BILA:0000044 http://www.drugs.com/dict/visceral-mesoderm.html http://www.stedmans.com/ visceral mesoderm splanchnopleure EHDAA2:0001903 EHDAA:383 EMAPA:16181 UBERON:0004873 VHOG:0000558 a structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray16.png/200px-Gray16.png ncithesaurus:Splanchnopleure todo - check relationship to LPM uberon ventral splanchnic mesoderm Wikipedia:Splanchnopleure a structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom ventral splanchnic mesoderm somatopleure EHDAA2:0001847 EHDAA:381 EMAPA:16180 UBERON:0004874 VHOG:0000557 a structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray16.png/200px-Gray16.png ncithesaurus:Somatopleure todo - check relationship to LPM uberon Wikipedia:Somatopleure a structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. EHDAA2 nephrogenic cord FMA:72168 SCTID:361405003 UBERON:0004875 a portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. chorda nephrogenica ncithesaurus:Nephrogenic_Cord part_of or develops_from urogenital ridge? uberon Wikipedia:Nephrogenic_cord a portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. Wikipedia:Nephrogenic_cord chorda nephrogenica urogenital ridge An embryological structure which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia. It differentiates into two structures: gonadal ridge -- medial -- primarily reproductive system; nephrogenic cord -- lateral -- primarily urinary system. In the female, the urogenital folds become the labia minora. In contrast, the labia majora are formed by the labioscrotal folds; In the male, they form the spongy urethra and a portion of the shaft of the penis, not including the glans.[WP]. BTO:0001402 EHDAA2:0004022 EMAPA:30888 EMAPA:30899 Less commonly, urogenital fold refers to the fold in the mesonephros which is the precursor of e.g. the suspensory ligament of the ovary. This is the case in older versions of Gray's anatomy[WP] SCTID:308801004 UBERON:0004876 ncithesaurus:Urogenital_Ridge uberon urogenital fold An embryological structure which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia. It differentiates into two structures: gonadal ridge -- medial -- primarily reproductive system; nephrogenic cord -- lateral -- primarily urinary system. In the female, the urogenital folds become the labia minora. In contrast, the labia majora are formed by the labioscrotal folds; In the male, they form the spongy urethra and a portion of the shaft of the penis, not including the glans.[WP]. Wikipedia:Urogenital_folds visceral endoderm BTO:0003487 EFO:0003626 EMAPA:16058 UBERON:0004877 Visceral endoderm, a population of extraembyonic endoderm, is an extraembryonic tissue that functions in a regulatory capacity but does not contribute directly to the formation of any adult organs[PMID:15905405]. primitive endoderm-derived tissue which remains in contact with and surrounds the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the epiblast and provides signals for the differentiation and patterning of the epiblast; a small number of visceral endoderm cells also contribute to the endoderm of the embryonic gut[MP]. uberon PMID:15905405 Visceral endoderm, a population of extraembyonic endoderm, is an extraembryonic tissue that functions in a regulatory capacity but does not contribute directly to the formation of any adult organs[PMID:15905405]. primitive endoderm-derived tissue which remains in contact with and surrounds the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the epiblast and provides signals for the differentiation and patterning of the epiblast; a small number of visceral endoderm cells also contribute to the endoderm of the embryonic gut[MP]. distal visceral endoderm UBERON:0004878 precursors of the anterior visceral endoderm that arises at the distal tip of the embryo[MP] uberon MP:0010126 precursors of the anterior visceral endoderm that arises at the distal tip of the embryo[MP] marginal zone of embryo AAO:0010448 Belt-like region of presumptive mesoderm at the equator of the late blastula. TAO:0000038 UBERON:0004879 XAO:0000068 ZFA:0000038 margin marginal zone todo - check uberon ZFA:0000038 margin XAO:0000068 marginal zone Belt-like region of presumptive mesoderm at the equator of the late blastula. XAO:0000068 chordamesoderm AAO:0000478 EFO:0003426 TAO:0000091 The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord UBERON:0004880 ZFA:0000091 axial chorda mesoderm chorda mesoderm chordamesoderm dorsal mesoderm note that WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm presumptive notochord uberon The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord UBERON:cjm ZFA:0000091 presumptive notochord UBERONREF:0000002 dorsal mesoderm ZFA:0000091 axial chorda mesoderm eponychium FMA:77859 MA:0002704 SCTID:24631007 Thickened layer of skin surrounding fingernails and toenails. Beneath the cuticle is a thin layer of a membrane known as the pterygium. The function is to protect the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to harmful bacteria. The vascularization pattern is similar to that of perionychium. The eponychium is the end of the proximal fold that folds back upon itself to shed an epidermal layer of skin onto the newly formed nail plate. This layer of non-living, almost invisible skin is the cuticle that 'rides out' on the surface of the nail plate. Together, the eponychium and the cuticle form a protective seal. The cuticle on the nail plate is dead cells and is often removed during manicure, but the eponychium is living cells and should not be touched.[6] The perionyx is the projecting edge of the eponychium covering the proximal strip of the lunula[WP]. UBERON:0004882 cuticle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fingernail_label.jpg/200px-Fingernail_label.jpg uberon Thickened layer of skin surrounding fingernails and toenails. Beneath the cuticle is a thin layer of a membrane known as the pterygium. The function is to protect the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to harmful bacteria. The vascularization pattern is similar to that of perionychium. The eponychium is the end of the proximal fold that folds back upon itself to shed an epidermal layer of skin onto the newly formed nail plate. This layer of non-living, almost invisible skin is the cuticle that 'rides out' on the surface of the nail plate. Together, the eponychium and the cuticle form a protective seal. The cuticle on the nail plate is dead cells and is often removed during manicure, but the eponychium is living cells and should not be touched.[6] The perionyx is the projecting edge of the eponychium covering the proximal strip of the lunula[WP]. Wikipedia:Eponychium MA:0002704 cuticle lung mesenchyme UBERON:0004883 lung-associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of lung pulmonary mesenchyme the mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lung GO:0060484 pulmonary mesenchyme GO:0060484 the mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. GO:0060484 lung-associated mesenchyme lobar bronchus mesenchyme UBERON:0004884 mesenchyme of lobar bronchus the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.. uberon OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lobar bronchus GO:0060483 the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.. hilum An anatomical cavity, depression or pit where structures are attached. EMAPA:19303 FMA:57836 UBERON:0004460 UBERON:0004885 galen:Hilum hilus ncithesaurus:Hilum uberon Wikipedia:Hilum hilus An anatomical cavity, depression or pit where structures are attached. Wikipedia:Hilum_of_kidney_of_lung_of_lymph_node lung hilus A depression on the surface of the lung where the bronchus, blood vessels and nerves enter. FMA:7330 SCTID:264017007 UBERON:0004886 hilum of lung hilum pulmonis hilus of lung lung hilum pulmonary hilum pulmonary hilus uberon OBOL:automatic hilus of lung OBOL:automatic lung hilum OBOL:automatic pulmonary hilus FMA:7330 pulmonary hilum A depression on the surface of the lung where the bronchus, blood vessels and nerves enter. GOC:lung_mtg ISBN:0721662544 FMA:7330 FMA:TA hilum pulmonis left lung hilus A lung hilus that is part of the left lung. EHDAA2:0000962 EHDAA:4965 EMAPA:17980 FMA:9751 MA:0001781 SCTID:361983000 UBERON:0004887 VHOG:0000483 hilum of left lung hilus of left lung left lung hilum left pulmonary hilum left pulmonary hilus uberon A lung hilus that is part of the left lung. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hilus of left lung OBOL:automatic left lung hilum FMA:9751 left pulmonary hilum OBOL:automatic left pulmonary hilus right lung hilus A lung hilus that is part of the right lung. EHDAA2:0001756 EHDAA:4995 EMAPA:17996 FMA:7456 MA:0001790 SCTID:361968005 UBERON:0004888 VHOG:0000482 hilum of right lung hilus of right lung right lung hilum right pulmonary hilum right pulmonary hilus uberon FMA:7330 right pulmonary hilum A lung hilus that is part of the right lung. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic right lung hilum OBOL:automatic hilus of right lung OBOL:automatic right pulmonary hilus lobar bronchus vasculature UBERON:0004889 Vasculature that is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs uberon LG:0012616 Vasculature that is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs right lung accessory lobe A specialized lobe of the right lung that extends to the left side of the organism EHDAA2:0001731 EHDAA:4971 EMAPA:17981 In humans, the right lung typically has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior). The lobar fissures are often incomplete, making a connection between two apposed lobes. Conversely, more than the expected number of lobes may be produced by new fissures e.g. the azygous lobe of the lung. The additional lobes are termed 'accessory lobes' -- http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1120927803 MA:0000427 UBERON:0004890 VHOG:0000831 right lung postcaval lobe uberon A specialized lobe of the right lung that extends to the left side of the organism LG:0012619 MA:0000427 right lung postcaval lobe lobar bronchus bronchiole A bronchiole of the lobar bronchus EMAPA:19000 EMAPA:19002 EMAPA:19004 EMAPA:19006 EMAPA:19008 UBERON:0004891 uberon A bronchiole of the lobar bronchus OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus alveolar system The lobar bronchus alveolar system is where molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous environment and the blood in the lobar bronchus UBERON:0004892 uberon LG:0012622 The lobar bronchus alveolar system is where molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous environment and the blood in the lobar bronchus interalveolar septum A the thin septum that separates adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue constituents of the respiratory tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung. BTO:0003149 MA:0000421 UBERON:0004893 alveolar septum ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Septum septal bone septum interalveolare uberon BTO:0003149 septum interalveolare UBERON:cjm alveolar septum A the thin septum that separates adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue constituents of the respiratory tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung. LG:0012625 Wikipedia:Alveolar_septum BTO:0003149 septal bone alveolar wall A wall that contains the alveoli BTO:0002543 FMA:14117 MA:0002568 SCTID:361965008 UBERON:0004894 ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Wall pulmonary alveolar wall pulmonary interalveolar septum uberon wall of pulmonary alveolus FMA:14117 wall of pulmonary alveolus FMA:14117 pulmonary interalveolar septum A wall that contains the alveoli LG:0012626 FMA:14117 pulmonary alveolar wall alveolar smooth muscle Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus MA:0002759 UBERON:0004895 uberon Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus LG:0012628 right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus EHDAA2:0001736 The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus is the major airway within the right lung accessory lobe that starts at the division of the bronchus on the right side and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi UBERON:0004896 VHOG:0000239 uberon LG:0012636 The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus is the major airway within the right lung accessory lobe that starts at the division of the bronchus on the right side and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus mesynchyme The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus UBERON:0004897 uberon LG:0012640 The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus right lung caudal lobe lobar bronchus mesynchyme UBERON:0004898 true uberon right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus mesynchyme The right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus UBERON:0004899 uberon LG:0012659 The right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus mesynchyme The right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus UBERON:0004900 uberon LG:0012672 The right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus right lung lobar bronchus mesynchyme The right lung lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung lobar bronchus UBERON:0004901 uberon LG:0012681 The right lung lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung lobar bronchus urogenital sinus epithelium EHDAA2:0004061 The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra UBERON:0004902 UGE epithelium of urogenital sinus uberon we follow EHDAA2 in dividing the UGS into epithelium and lumen PMID:18977204 UGE OBOL:automatic epithelium of urogenital sinus EHDAA2 PMID:18977204 The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra bronchoalveolar duct junction A branch point connecting the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar ducts[MP]. UBERON:0004903 uberon A branch point connecting the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar ducts[MP]. MP:0004390 nerve connecting eye with brain A nerve that connects the eye to the brain and carries the impulses formed by the retina to the visual cortex of the brain[BTO]. BTO:0000966 EV:0100351 FBbt:00001956 TADS:0000232 UBERON:0004904 for the vertebrate-specific structure, see UBERON:0000941 (cranial nerve II) optic nerve optic nerve (generic) uberon A nerve that connects the eye to the brain and carries the impulses formed by the retina to the visual cortex of the brain[BTO]. BTO:0000966 BTO:0000966 optic nerve articulation FBbt:00005811 UBERON:0004905 anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. uberon ectodermal gut A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. UBERON:0004906 uberon A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. GO:0007439 lower digestive tract EHDAA2:0000726 FMA:49179 MA:0000917 SCTID:279973004 UBERON:0004907 WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L galen:LowerGastrointestinalTract gut lower GI tract lower gastrointestinal tract ncithesaurus:Lower_Gastrointestinal_Tract the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. uberon GO:0048565 gut Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. upper digestive tract FMA:49177 SCTID:181244000 UBERON:0004908 WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus galen:UpperGastrointestinalTract ncithesaurus:Upper_Gastrointestinal_Tract the region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. uberon upper GI tract upper gastrointestinal tract Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract the region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. epithelium of gonad An epithelium surrounding a gonad. EHDAA:4032 EHDAA:5931 FBbt:00004859 Note that after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts UBERON:0004909 gonad epithelium gonadal epithelium ncithesaurus:Germinal_Epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic gonad epithelium An epithelium surrounding a gonad. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gonadal epithelium epithelium of male gonad An epithelium surrounding a testis. BTO:0001364 EMAPA:17973 FBbt:00004955 Note that after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts UBERON:0004910 testis epithelium testis sheath uberon An epithelium surrounding a testis. OBOL:automatic FBbt:00004955 testis sheath OBOL:automatic testis epithelium epithelium of female gonad An epithelium surrounding an ovary. BTO:0003661 FBbt:00004896 Note that after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts UBERON:0004911 ovarian epithelium ovarian sheath ovary epithelium uberon FBbt:00004896 ovarian sheath OBOL:automatic ovary epithelium An epithelium surrounding an ovary. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ovarian epithelium biliary bud EHDAA2:0000171 EMAPA:16561 EMAPA:16565 UBERON:0004912 VHOG:0001351 hepatic diverticulum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Gray1088.png/200px-Gray1088.png uberon EMAPA EMAPA:16561 hepatic diverticulum EHDAA2-modified hepatopancreatic ampulla A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Ampulla hepatopancreatica, ampulla Vaterii FMA:15076 GAID:283 MESH:A.03.159.183.079.300.900 SCTID:362200007 TAO:0005167 UBERON:0004913 Vater's ampulla ZFA:0005167 ampulla biliaropancreatica ampulla of Vater ampulla of bile duct biliaropancreatic ampulla galen:AmpullaOfVater http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Biliary_system_new.svg/200px-Biliary_system_new.svg.png ncithesaurus:Ampulla_of_Vater papilla Vateri papilla duodeni major uberon ZFA:0005167 papilla Vateri Ampulla hepatopancreatica, ampulla Vaterii Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater FMA:15076 ampulla of bile duct ZFA:0005167 papilla duodeni major FMA:15076 FMA:TA ampulla biliaropancreatica A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater duodenal papilla . EMAPA:18662 EMAPA:18853 FMA:15953 SCTID:245389007 UBERON:0004914 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gray1057.png/200px-Gray1057.png papilla duodeni major papilla duodeni minor papilla of duodenum uberon . Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla Wikipedia:Minor_duodenal_papilla Wikipedia:Minor_duodenal_papilla papilla duodeni minor Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla papilla duodeni major sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla EMAPA:18663 EMAPA:18854 FMA:15077 GAID:285 MESH:A.03.159.183.079.300.900.600 Oddi's sphincter SCTID:181271000 UBERON:0004915 hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gray1057.png/200px-Gray1057.png muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. musculus sphincter ampullae ncithesaurus:Sphincter_of_Oddi sphincter of Oddi sphincter of ampulla of vater uberon FMA:15077 sphincter of ampulla of vater Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. FMA:15077 hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter FMA:15077 musculus sphincter ampullae anal sphincter A sphincter muscle in the anal part of the perineum. UBERON:0004916 uberon A sphincter muscle in the anal part of the perineum. OBOL:automatic urethral sphincter A sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra. MA:0002650 SCTID:277855007 UBERON:0004917 sphincter muscle of urethra sphincter of urethra uberon urethral sphincter muscle A sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra. Wikipedia:Urethral_sphincter internal urethral sphincter FMA:45769 SCTID:277856008 UBERON:0004918 a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The muscle is made of smooth muscle, so therefore it is under involuntary control. It is kept tonically contracted by the sympathetic nervous system and during micturition, is relaxed via the parasympathetic nervous system. This is the primary muscle for preventing the release of urine[WP]. internal sphincter muscle of urethra internal sphincter of urethra internal urethral sphincter muscle musculus sphincter supracollicularis musculus sphincter urethrae internus musculus sphincter urethrae internus preprostatic sphincter sphincter urethrae internus supracollicular sphincter uberon Sympathetics from L1-L2 through lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus dbpedia FMA:45769 FMA:TA musculus sphincter supracollicularis Wikipedia:Internal_sphincter_muscle_of_urethra a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The muscle is made of smooth muscle, so therefore it is under involuntary control. It is kept tonically contracted by the sympathetic nervous system and during micturition, is relaxed via the parasympathetic nervous system. This is the primary muscle for preventing the release of urine[WP]. FMA:45769 FMA:TA sphincter urethrae internus FMA:45769 FMA:TA musculus sphincter urethrae internus Wikipedia:Internal_sphincter_muscle_of_urethra musculus sphincter urethrae internus Sympathetics from L1-L2 through lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus dbpedia FMA:45769 supracollicular sphincter FMA:45769 preprostatic sphincter external urethral sphincter . FMA:85274 TODO male/female subclasses UBERON:0004919 external sphincter muscle of urethra external sphincter of urethra external urethral sphincter muscle musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae femininae musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae masculinae, musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae uberon Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae masculinae, musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae . Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae femininae Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm. dbpedia Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm. dbpedia mesoderm of gonad A mesoderm that is part of a gonad [Obol]. UBERON:0004920 gonad mesoderm gonadal mesoderm true uberon A mesoderm that is part of a gonad [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gonadal mesoderm OBOL:automatic gonad mesoderm subdivision of digestive tract FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 UBERON:0004921 alimentary system subdivision intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. we include pharynx, esophagus here, we may want an additional term for major subdivisions (fore/mid/hind vs upper/lower) subdivision of alimentary system uberon FMA:71131 subdivision of alimentary system FMA:71131 alimentary system subdivision postnatal subventricular zone A mitotically active layer of cells surrounding the brain ventricles in the adult that consists of migrating neuroblasts, astrocytes and transitory amplifying progenitor cells[MP]. a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It has been associated with having four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition[WP]. MA:0000817 SVZ UBERON:0004922 adult subventricular zone brain subventricular zone postnatal subventricular zone subependymal layer subependymal plate subependymal zone subventricular zone subventricular zone of brain todo - add layers. AO notes: in BTO:0003090 it is part of the lateral ventricle so we classify with the child term uberon MP:0004275 subependymal layer A mitotically active layer of cells surrounding the brain ventricles in the adult that consists of migrating neuroblasts, astrocytes and transitory amplifying progenitor cells[MP]. a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It has been associated with having four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition[WP]. Wikipedia:Subventricular_zone MA:0000817 subventricular zone MP:0004275 subependymal plate GO MP:0004275 adult subventricular zone MP:0004275 postnatal subventricular zone MA:0000817 brain subventricular zone MP:0004275 subependymal zone organ component layer FMA:82485 UBERON:0004923 uberon submucosa of pharynx A submucosa that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. FMA:75144 SCTID:19594009 UBERON:0004924 pharyngeal submucosa pharynx submucosa uberon FMA:75144 pharyngeal submucosa A submucosa that is part of a pharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic pharynx submucosa submucosa of laryngopharynx A submucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Obol]. FMA:55072 SCTID:47496006 UBERON:0004925 hypopharynx submucosa laryngeal pharynx submucosa laryngopharynx submucosa submucosa of hypopharynx submucosa of laryngeal pharynx tela submucosa (pars laryngea pharyngis) uberon A submucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hypopharynx submucosa FMA:55072 tela submucosa (pars laryngea pharyngis) OBOL:automatic submucosa of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic submucosa of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx submucosa OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx submucosa submucosa of cystic duct A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Obol]. FMA:18013 UBERON:0004926 cystic duct submucosa cystic ductal submucosa uberon FMA:18013 cystic ductal submucosa OBOL:automatic cystic duct submucosa A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of cecum A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Obol]. FMA:14999 UBERON:0004927 caecum submucosa cecum submucosa intestinum crassum caecum submucosa submucosa of caecum submucosa of intestinum crassum caecum uberon OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum submucosa A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic caecum submucosa OBOL:automatic cecum submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic submucosa of caecum submucosa of appendix A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Obol]. FMA:14992 SCTID:86833001 UBERON:0004928 appendiceal submucosa appendix submucosa caecal appendix submucosa submucosa of caecal appendix submucosa of vermiform appendix submucosa of vermix uberon vermiform appendix submucosa vermix submucosa OBOL:automatic appendix submucosa OBOL:automatic caecal appendix submucosa FMA:14992 appendiceal submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of caecal appendix A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vermix submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of vermix submucosa of ascending colon A submucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Obol]. FMA:15006 UBERON:0004929 ascending colon submucosa uberon OBOL:automatic ascending colon submucosa A submucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of transverse colon A submucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Obol]. FMA:15013 UBERON:0004930 transverse colon submucosa uberon A submucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic transverse colon submucosa submucosa of descending colon A submucosa that is part of a descending colon [Obol]. FMA:15020 UBERON:0004931 descending colon submucosa uberon OBOL:automatic descending colon submucosa A submucosa that is part of a descending colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of sigmoid colon A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Obol]. FMA:15027 UBERON:0004932 sigmoid colon submucosa uberon A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon submucosa submucosa of fundus of stomach A submucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Obol]. FMA:17058 UBERON:0004933 fundus gastricus (ventricularis) submucosa fundus of stomach submucosa stomach fundus submucosa submucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) submucosa of stomach fundus uberon OBOL:automatic submucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) OBOL:automatic stomach fundus submucosa A submucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic fundus of stomach submucosa OBOL:automatic fundus gastricus (ventricularis) submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach fundus submucosa of body of stomach A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Obol]. FMA:17059 UBERON:0004934 body of stomach submucosa corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa gastric body submucosa stomach body submucosa submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa of gastric body submucosa of stomach body uberon OBOL:automatic gastric body submucosa OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic body of stomach submucosa A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of gastric body OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach body OBOL:automatic stomach body submucosa submucosa of cardia of stomach A submucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Obol]. FMA:17457 UBERON:0004935 cardia of stomach submucosa cardial part of stomach submucosa gastric cardia submucosa pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa stomach cardiac region submucosa submucosa of cardial part of stomach submucosa of gastric cardia submucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa of stomach cardiac region uberon OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic submucosa of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic gastric cardia submucosa OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach submucosa OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach submucosa A submucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic submucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa of pyloric antrum A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Obol]. FMA:17060 UBERON:0004936 antrum of stomach submucosa pyloric antrum submucosa stomach pyloric antrum submucosa submucosa of antrum of stomach submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum uberon OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic submucosa of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum submucosa OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach submucosa A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of pylorus A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Obol]. FMA:17462 UBERON:0004937 pyloric part of stomach submucosa pylorus submucosa stomach pyloric region submucosa submucosa of pyloric part of stomach submucosa of stomach pyloric region uberon OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region submucosa OBOL:automatic pylorus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of pyloric part of stomach A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach submucosa submucosa of biliary tree A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Obol]. FMA:18009 UBERON:0004938 biliary tract submucosa biliary tree submucosa submucosa of biliary tract uberon OBOL:automatic submucosa of biliary tract OBOL:automatic biliary tract submucosa A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic biliary tree submucosa submucosa of common bile duct A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Obol]. FMA:18011 UBERON:0004939 common bile duct submucosa common bile ductal submucosa ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) uberon OBOL:automatic common bile duct submucosa OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa FMA:18011 common bile ductal submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of common hepatic duct A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Obol]. FMA:18014 UBERON:0004940 common hepatic duct submucosa common hepatic ductal submucosa hepatic duct submucosa submucosa of hepatic duct uberon OBOL:automatic submucosa of hepatic duct FMA:18014 common hepatic ductal submucosa OBOL:automatic hepatic duct submucosa OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct submucosa A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of right hepatic duct A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Obol]. FMA:18015 UBERON:0004941 right hepatic duct submucosa right hepatic ductal submucosa uberon OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct submucosa A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:18015 right hepatic ductal submucosa submucosa of left hepatic duct A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Obol]. FMA:18017 UBERON:0004942 left hepatic duct submucosa left hepatic ductal submucosa uberon A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct submucosa FMA:18017 left hepatic ductal submucosa submucosa of urinary bladder A submucosa that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. FMA:15929 SCTID:88384001 UBERON:0004943 bladder submucosa submucosa of bladder tela submucosa vesicae uberon urinary bladder submucosa A submucosa that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic bladder submucosa FMA:15929 FMA:TA tela submucosa vesicae OBOL:automatic urinary bladder submucosa submucosa of trigone of urinary bladder A submucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Obol]. FMA:17852 Lieutaud ' s trigone submucosa UBERON:0004944 deep trigone submucosa submucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone submucosa of deep trigone submucosa of trigone of bladder submucosa of urinary bladder trigone submucosa of vesical trigone trigone of bladder submucosa trigone of urinary bladder submucosa uberon urinary bladder trigone submucosa vesical trigone submucosa A submucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic deep trigone submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic submucosa of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic submucosa of deep trigone OBOL:automatic submucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone OBOL:automatic vesical trigone submucosa OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone submucosa OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder submucosa Lieutaud ' s trigone submucosa OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of urinary bladder trigone submucosa of neck of urinary bladder A submucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Obol]. FMA:17851 UBERON:0004945 bladder neck submucosa neck of bladder submucosa neck of urinary bladder submucosa submucosa of bladder neck submucosa of neck of bladder submucosa of urinary bladder neck submucosa of vesical neck uberon urinary bladder neck submucosa vesical neck submucosa OBOL:automatic neck of bladder submucosa OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck submucosa A submucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic submucosa of vesical neck OBOL:automatic bladder neck submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic vesical neck submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of bladder neck OBOL:automatic submucosa of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder submucosa submucosa of ileum A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Obol]. FMA:14957 SCTID:65374006 UBERON:0004946 ileal submucosa ileum submucosa uberon A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14957 ileal submucosa OBOL:automatic ileum submucosa submucosa of right main bronchus A submucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Obol]. FMA:13139 UBERON:0004947 right bronchus submucosa right main bronchial submucosa right main bronchus submucosa right principal bronchus submucosa submucosa of right bronchus submucosa of right principal bronchus uberon A submucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:13139 right main bronchial submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of right principal bronchus OBOL:automatic right principal bronchus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of right bronchus OBOL:automatic right bronchus submucosa OBOL:automatic right main bronchus submucosa submucosa of left main bronchus A submucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Obol]. FMA:13140 UBERON:0004948 left bronchus submucosa left main bronchial submucosa left main bronchus submucosa left principal bronchus submucosa submucosa of left bronchus submucosa of left principal bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic left bronchus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of left principal bronchus OBOL:automatic left principal bronchus submucosa OBOL:automatic left main bronchus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of left bronchus A submucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:13140 left main bronchial submucosa submucosa of main bronchus A submucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. FMA:13118 UBERON:0004949 bronchus principalis submucosa main bronchial submucosa main bronchus submucosa primary bronchus submucosa principal bronchus submucosa submucosa of bronchus principalis submucosa of primary bronchus submucosa of principal bronchus uberon A submucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic primary bronchus submucosa FMA:13118 main bronchial submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic main bronchus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic principal bronchus submucosa submucosa of lobar bronchus A submucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Obol]. FMA:62669 UBERON:0004950 lobar bronchial submucosa lobar bronchus submucosa secondary bronchus submucosa submucosa of secondary bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus submucosa FMA:62669 lobar bronchial submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus submucosa A submucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of segmental bronchus A submucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Obol]. FMA:62670 UBERON:0004951 segmental bronchial submucosa segmental bronchus submucosa submucosa of tertiary bronchus tertiary bronchus submucosa uberon OBOL:automatic submucosa of tertiary bronchus FMA:62670 segmental bronchial submucosa A submucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic segmental bronchus submucosa OBOL:automatic tertiary bronchus submucosa submucosa of bronchiole A submucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:62775 UBERON:0004952 bronchiole submucosa lobular bronchiole submucosa submucosa of lobular bronchiole uberon A submucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic bronchiole submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of lobular bronchiole OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole submucosa mucosa of ureter A mucosa that is part of a ureter [Obol]. FMA:15894 SCTID:40476001 UBERON:0004980 galen:MucousMembraneOfUreter mucosa of organ of ureter mucosal layer of ureter mucous membrane of ureter organ mucosa of ureter tunica mucosa (ureter) tunica mucosa ureteris uberon ureter mucosa ureter mucosa of organ ureter mucous membrane ureter organ mucosa ureteral mucosa ureteric mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ureter FMA:15894 mucosal layer of ureter OBOL:automatic ureter mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ureter FMA:15894 ureteric mucosa OBOL:automatic ureter organ mucosa OBOL:automatic ureter mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ureter FMA:15894 tunica mucosa (ureter) A mucosa that is part of a ureter [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:15894 ureteral mucosa FMA:15894 FMA:TA tunica mucosa ureteris OBOL:automatic ureter mucosa mucosa of epiglottis A mucosa that is part of a epiglottis [Obol]. FMA:64015 SCTID:156751001 UBERON:0004982 epiglottis mucosa epiglottis mucosa of organ epiglottis mucous membrane epiglottis organ mucosa mucosa of organ of epiglottis mucous membrane of epiglottis organ mucosa of epiglottis uberon OBOL:automatic epiglottis mucosa OBOL:automatic epiglottis mucous membrane OBOL:automatic epiglottis organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a epiglottis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of epiglottis OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of epiglottis OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of epiglottis OBOL:automatic epiglottis mucosa of organ mucosa of vagina A mucosa that is part of a vagina [Obol]. FMA:19975 SCTID:362245006 UBERON:0004983 mucosa of organ of vagina mucous membrane of vagina organ mucosa of vagina tunica mucosa vaginae uberon vagina mucosa vagina mucosa of organ vagina mucous membrane vagina organ mucosa vaginal mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vagina OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vagina OBOL:automatic vagina mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vagina mucosa of organ FMA:19975 vaginal mucosa FMA:19975 FMA:TA tunica mucosa vaginae OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vagina OBOL:automatic vagina organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a vagina [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vagina mucosa mucosa of seminal vesicle A mucosa that is part of a seminal vesicle [Obol]. FMA:19405 SCTID:252260007 UBERON:0004984 mucosa of organ of seminal gland mucosa of organ of seminal vesicle mucosa of seminal gland mucous membrane of seminal gland mucous membrane of seminal vesicle organ mucosa of seminal gland organ mucosa of seminal vesicle seminal gland mucosa seminal gland mucosa of organ seminal gland mucous membrane seminal gland organ mucosa seminal vesicle mucosa seminal vesicle mucosa of organ seminal vesicle mucous membrane seminal vesicle organ mucosa tunica mucosa glandulae vesiculosae uberon OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a seminal vesicle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:19405 FMA:TA tunica mucosa glandulae vesiculosae OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of seminal gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of seminal gland OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of seminal gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of seminal gland OBOL:automatic seminal gland mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle organ mucosa OBOL:automatic seminal gland mucous membrane OBOL:automatic seminal gland mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic seminal gland organ mucosa mucosa of ejaculatory duct A mucosa that is part of a ejaculatory duct [Obol]. FMA:19373 UBERON:0004985 ejaculatory duct mucosa ejaculatory duct mucosa of organ ejaculatory duct mucous membrane ejaculatory duct organ mucosa ejaculatory ductal mucosa mucosa of organ of ejaculatory duct mucous membrane of ejaculatory duct organ mucosa of ejaculatory duct uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ejaculatory duct OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a ejaculatory duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ejaculatory duct OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct mucous membrane FMA:19373 ejaculatory ductal mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ejaculatory duct OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct mucosa mucosa of deferent duct A mucosa that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. FMA:19240 SCTID:299626000 UBERON:0004986 deferent duct mucosa deferent duct mucosa of organ deferent duct mucous membrane deferent duct organ mucosa deferent ductal mucosa ductus deferens mucosa ductus deferens mucosa of organ ductus deferens mucous membrane ductus deferens organ mucosa mucosa of ductus deferens mucosa of organ of deferent duct mucosa of organ of ductus deferens mucosa of organ of sperm duct mucosa of organ of vas deferen mucosa of organ of vas deferens mucosa of sperm duct mucosa of vas deferen mucosa of vas deferens mucous membrane of deferent duct mucous membrane of ductus deferens mucous membrane of sperm duct mucous membrane of vas deferen mucous membrane of vas deferens organ mucosa of deferent duct organ mucosa of ductus deferens organ mucosa of sperm duct organ mucosa of vas deferen organ mucosa of vas deferens sperm duct mucosa sperm duct mucosa of organ sperm duct mucous membrane sperm duct organ mucosa tunica mucosa (ductus deferens) tunica mucosa ductus deferentis uberon vas deferen mucosa vas deferen mucosa of organ vas deferen mucous membrane vas deferen organ mucosa vas deferens mucosa vas deferens mucosa of organ vas deferens mucous membrane vas deferens organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vas deferen OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vas deferens OBOL:automatic vas deferens organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of deferent duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of sperm duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of deferent duct OBOL:automatic vas deferen mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of sperm duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of sperm duct FMA:19240 FMA:TA tunica mucosa ductus deferentis OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vas deferen OBOL:automatic ductus deferens mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of vas deferens OBOL:automatic vas deferen organ mucosa OBOL:automatic vas deferens mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic sperm duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ductus deferens mucosa OBOL:automatic deferent duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic deferent duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of vas deferen OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vas deferen OBOL:automatic vas deferen mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic deferent duct mucosa OBOL:automatic vas deferens mucous membrane FMA:19240 tunica mucosa (ductus deferens) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vas deferens OBOL:automatic vas deferen mucosa OBOL:automatic sperm duct mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vas deferens OBOL:automatic sperm duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic mucosa of sperm duct OBOL:automatic vas deferens mucosa OBOL:automatic deferent duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic sperm duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of deferent duct OBOL:automatic ductus deferens mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic ductus deferens organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ductus deferens FMA:19240 deferent ductal mucosa mucosa of laryngopharynx A mucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Obol]. FMA:55030 SCTID:362126008 UBERON:0004987 hypopharynx mucosa hypopharynx mucosa of organ hypopharynx mucous membrane hypopharynx organ mucosa laryngeal pharynx mucosa laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ laryngeal pharynx mucous membrane laryngeal pharynx organ mucosa laryngopharynx mucosa laryngopharynx mucosa of organ laryngopharynx mucous membrane laryngopharynx organ mucosa mucosa of hypopharynx mucosa of laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ of hypopharynx mucosa of organ of laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ of laryngopharynx mucous membrane of hypopharynx mucous membrane of laryngeal pharynx mucous membrane of laryngopharynx organ mucosa of hypopharynx organ mucosa of laryngeal pharynx organ mucosa of laryngopharynx uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic hypopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of laryngopharynx OBOL:automatic hypopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic hypopharynx mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic hypopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of laryngopharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of laryngopharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of laryngeal pharynx mucosa of cystic duct A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Obol]. FMA:14690 UBERON:0004988 cystic duct mucosa cystic duct mucosa of organ cystic duct mucous membrane cystic duct organ mucosa cystic ductal mucosa mucosa of organ of cystic duct mucous membrane of cystic duct organ mucosa of cystic duct uberon OBOL:automatic cystic duct mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cystic duct OBOL:automatic cystic duct mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cystic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic cystic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cystic duct FMA:14690 cystic ductal mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cystic duct mucosa of appendix A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Obol]. FMA:14991 SCTID:362155000 UBERON:0004989 appendiceal mucous membrane appendix mucosa appendix mucosa of organ appendix mucous membrane appendix organ mucosa caecal appendix mucosa caecal appendix mucosa of organ caecal appendix mucous membrane caecal appendix organ mucosa mucosa of caecal appendix mucosa of organ of appendix mucosa of organ of caecal appendix mucosa of organ of vermiform appendix mucosa of organ of vermix mucosa of vermiform appendix mucosa of vermix mucous membrane of appendix mucous membrane of caecal appendix mucous membrane of vermiform appendix mucous membrane of vermix organ mucosa of appendix organ mucosa of caecal appendix organ mucosa of vermiform appendix organ mucosa of vermix uberon vermiform appendix mucosa vermiform appendix mucosa of organ vermiform appendix mucous membrane vermiform appendix organ mucosa vermix mucosa vermix mucosa of organ vermix mucous membrane vermix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic caecal appendix mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vermix OBOL:automatic caecal appendix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of vermix OBOL:automatic appendix mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of appendix OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vermix FMA:14991 appendiceal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic caecal appendix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix mucosa OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of appendix OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic appendix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic caecal appendix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vermix OBOL:automatic appendix organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vermix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic vermix mucosa OBOL:automatic vermix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic vermix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic appendix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of appendix OBOL:automatic mucosa of caecal appendix mucosa of ascending colon A mucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Obol]. FMA:15005 UBERON:0004990 ascending colon mucosa ascending colon mucosa of organ ascending colon mucous membrane ascending colon organ mucosa mucosa of organ of ascending colon mucous membrane of ascending colon organ mucosa of ascending colon uberon OBOL:automatic ascending colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ascending colon OBOL:automatic ascending colon organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ascending colon OBOL:automatic ascending colon mucosa OBOL:automatic ascending colon mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ascending colon mucosa of transverse colon A mucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Obol]. FMA:15012 UBERON:0004991 mucosa of organ of transverse colon mucous membrane of transverse colon organ mucosa of transverse colon transverse colon mucosa transverse colon mucosa of organ transverse colon mucous membrane transverse colon organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic transverse colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic transverse colon mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of transverse colon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of transverse colon OBOL:automatic transverse colon organ mucosa OBOL:automatic transverse colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of transverse colon A mucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of descending colon A mucosa that is part of a descending colon [Obol]. FMA:15019 UBERON:0004992 descending colon mucosa descending colon mucosa of organ descending colon mucous membrane descending colon organ mucosa mucosa of organ of descending colon mucous membrane of descending colon organ mucosa of descending colon uberon A mucosa that is part of a descending colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of descending colon OBOL:automatic descending colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic descending colon organ mucosa OBOL:automatic descending colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic descending colon mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of descending colon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of descending colon mucosa of sigmoid colon A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Obol]. FMA:15026 UBERON:0004993 mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon mucous membrane of sigmoid colon organ mucosa of sigmoid colon sigmoid colon mucosa sigmoid colon mucosa of organ sigmoid colon mucous membrane sigmoid colon organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of sigmoid colon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of sigmoid colon OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon mucous membrane mucosa of fundus of stomach A mucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Obol]. FMA:17053 UBERON:0004994 fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa of organ fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucous membrane fundus gastricus (ventricularis) organ mucosa fundus of stomach mucosa fundus of stomach mucosa of organ fundus of stomach mucous membrane fundus of stomach organ mucosa mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa of organ of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa of organ of fundus of stomach mucosa of organ of stomach fundus mucosa of stomach fundus mucous membrane of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucous membrane of fundus of stomach mucous membrane of stomach fundus organ mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) organ mucosa of fundus of stomach organ mucosa of stomach fundus stomach fundus mucosa stomach fundus mucosa of organ stomach fundus mucous membrane stomach fundus organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic fundus of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach fundus OBOL:automatic fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach fundus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of fundus of stomach OBOL:automatic stomach fundus mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach fundus A mucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of fundus of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of fundus of stomach OBOL:automatic stomach fundus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach fundus OBOL:automatic stomach fundus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic fundus gastricus (ventricularis) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis) OBOL:automatic fundus of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic fundus of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach fundus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic fundus of stomach mucous membrane mucosa of body of stomach A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Obol]. FMA:17054 UBERON:0004995 body of stomach mucosa body of stomach mucosa of organ body of stomach mucous membrane body of stomach organ mucosa corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa gastric body mucosa gastric body mucosa of organ gastric body mucous membrane gastric body organ mucosa mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of gastric body mucosa of organ of body of stomach mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ of gastric body mucosa of organ of stomach body mucosa of stomach body mucous membrane of body of stomach mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane of gastric body mucous membrane of stomach body organ mucosa of body of stomach organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa of gastric body organ mucosa of stomach body stomach body mucosa stomach body mucosa of organ stomach body mucous membrane stomach body organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic stomach body mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of body of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach body OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach body OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gastric body OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach body OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gastric body OBOL:automatic gastric body organ mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach body mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gastric body OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of body of stomach OBOL:automatic gastric body mucosa OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach body organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gastric body mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach body OBOL:automatic body of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of gastric body OBOL:automatic gastric body mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach body mucous membrane OBOL:automatic body of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic body of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of body of stomach OBOL:automatic body of stomach mucous membrane mucosa of cardia of stomach A mucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Obol]. FMA:17456 UBERON:0004996 cardia of stomach mucosa cardia of stomach mucosa of organ cardia of stomach mucous membrane cardia of stomach organ mucosa cardial part of stomach mucosa cardial part of stomach mucosa of organ cardial part of stomach mucous membrane cardial part of stomach organ mucosa gastric cardia mucosa gastric cardia mucosa of organ gastric cardia mucous membrane gastric cardia organ mucosa mucosa of cardial part of stomach mucosa of gastric cardia mucosa of organ of cardia of stomach mucosa of organ of cardial part of stomach mucosa of organ of gastric cardia mucosa of organ of pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of organ of stomach cardiac region mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of stomach cardiac region mucous membrane of cardia of stomach mucous membrane of cardial part of stomach mucous membrane of gastric cardia mucous membrane of pars cardiaca (gaster) mucous membrane of stomach cardiac region organ mucosa of cardia of stomach organ mucosa of cardial part of stomach organ mucosa of gastric cardia organ mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) organ mucosa of stomach cardiac region pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of organ pars cardiaca (gaster) mucous membrane pars cardiaca (gaster) organ mucosa stomach cardiac region mucosa stomach cardiac region mucosa of organ stomach cardiac region mucous membrane stomach cardiac region organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic gastric cardia mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gastric cardia organ mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic gastric cardia mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gastric cardia mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cardia of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cardia of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) A mucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cardia of stomach OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach organ mucosa mucosa of pyloric antrum A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Obol]. FMA:17055 UBERON:0004997 antrum of stomach mucosa antrum of stomach mucosa of organ antrum of stomach mucous membrane antrum of stomach organ mucosa mucosa of antrum of stomach mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane of antrum of stomach mucous membrane of pyloric antrum mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa of antrum of stomach organ mucosa of pyloric antrum organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum pyloric antrum mucosa pyloric antrum mucosa of organ pyloric antrum mucous membrane pyloric antrum organ mucosa stomach pyloric antrum mucosa stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum mucosa OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach mucous membrane mucosa of pylorus A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Obol]. FMA:17461 UBERON:0004998 mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ of pylorus mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region mucosa of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of stomach pyloric region mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane of pylorus mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa of pylorus organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region pyloric part of stomach mucosa pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa pylorus mucosa pylorus mucosa of organ pylorus mucous membrane pylorus organ mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ stomach pyloric region mucous membrane stomach pyloric region organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic pylorus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region mucosa A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pylorus OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic mucosa of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic pylorus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic pylorus mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pylorus OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pylorus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pylorus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of biliary tree A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Obol]. FMA:14695 UBERON:0004999 biliary tract mucosa biliary tract mucosa of organ biliary tract mucous membrane biliary tract organ mucosa biliary tree mucosa biliary tree mucosa of organ biliary tree mucous membrane biliary tree organ mucosa mucosa of biliary tract mucosa of organ of biliary tract mucosa of organ of biliary tree mucous membrane of biliary tract mucous membrane of biliary tree organ mucosa of biliary tract organ mucosa of biliary tree uberon OBOL:automatic biliary tree mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic biliary tract mucous membrane OBOL:automatic biliary tree mucous membrane OBOL:automatic biliary tree organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of biliary tract OBOL:automatic biliary tree mucosa OBOL:automatic biliary tract mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of biliary tree OBOL:automatic biliary tract mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of biliary tract OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of biliary tree OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of biliary tract OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of biliary tract OBOL:automatic biliary tract organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of biliary tree mucosa of common bile duct A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Obol]. FMA:14688 UBERON:0005000 common bile duct mucosa common bile duct mucosa of organ common bile duct mucous membrane common bile duct organ mucosa common bile ductal mucosa ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ of common bile duct mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane of common bile duct mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa of common bile duct organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) uberon FMA:14688 common bile ductal mucosa OBOL:automatic common bile duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa OBOL:automatic common bile duct mucosa OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic common bile duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of common bile duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of common bile duct OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic common bile duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of common bile duct mucosa of common hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Obol]. FMA:14691 UBERON:0005001 common hepatic duct mucosa common hepatic duct mucosa of organ common hepatic duct mucous membrane common hepatic duct organ mucosa common hepatic ductal mucosa hepatic duct mucosa hepatic duct mucosa of organ hepatic duct mucous membrane hepatic duct organ mucosa mucosa of hepatic duct mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct mucosa of organ of hepatic duct mucous membrane of common hepatic duct mucous membrane of hepatic duct organ mucosa of common hepatic duct organ mucosa of hepatic duct uberon OBOL:automatic hepatic duct mucosa A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct OBOL:automatic hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of common hepatic duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic hepatic duct mucosa of organ FMA:14691 common hepatic ductal mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of common hepatic duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of hepatic duct mucosa of right hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Obol]. FMA:14692 UBERON:0005002 mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct mucous membrane of right hepatic duct organ mucosa of right hepatic duct right hepatic duct mucosa right hepatic duct mucosa of organ right hepatic duct mucous membrane right hepatic duct organ mucosa right hepatic ductal mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct mucosa FMA:14692 right hepatic ductal mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right hepatic duct OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right hepatic duct mucosa of left hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Obol]. FMA:14693 UBERON:0005003 left hepatic duct mucosa left hepatic duct mucosa of organ left hepatic duct mucous membrane left hepatic duct organ mucosa left hepatic ductal mucosa mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct mucous membrane of left hepatic duct organ mucosa of left hepatic duct uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:14693 left hepatic ductal mucosa OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left hepatic duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left hepatic duct OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct mucosa mucosa of right ureter A mucosa that is part of a right ureter [Obol]. FMA:17806 UBERON:0005004 mucosa of organ of right ureter mucous membrane of right ureter organ mucosa of right ureter right ureter mucosa right ureter mucosa of organ right ureter mucous membrane right ureter organ mucosa right ureteral mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right ureter OBOL:automatic right ureter mucosa FMA:17806 right ureteral mucosa OBOL:automatic right ureter organ mucosa OBOL:automatic right ureter mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic right ureter mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right ureter OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right ureter A mucosa that is part of a right ureter [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of left ureter A mucosa that is part of a left ureter [Obol]. FMA:17807 UBERON:0005005 left ureter mucosa left ureter mucosa of organ left ureter mucous membrane left ureter organ mucosa left ureteral mucosa mucosa of organ of left ureter mucous membrane of left ureter organ mucosa of left ureter uberon OBOL:automatic left ureter organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a left ureter [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic left ureter mucous membrane OBOL:automatic left ureter mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic left ureter mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left ureter FMA:17807 left ureteral mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left ureter OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left ureter mucosa of renal pelvis A mucosa that is part of a renal pelvis [Obol]. FMA:17931 SCTID:243482002 UBERON:0005006 kidney pelvis mucosa kidney pelvis mucosa of organ kidney pelvis mucous membrane kidney pelvis organ mucosa mucosa of kidney pelvis mucosa of organ of kidney pelvis mucosa of organ of pelvis of ureter mucosa of organ of renal pelvis mucosa of pelvis of ureter mucous membrane of kidney pelvis mucous membrane of pelvis of ureter mucous membrane of renal pelvis organ mucosa of kidney pelvis organ mucosa of pelvis of ureter organ mucosa of renal pelvis pelvis of ureter mucosa pelvis of ureter mucosa of organ pelvis of ureter mucous membrane pelvis of ureter organ mucosa renal pelvic mucosa renal pelvis mucosa renal pelvis mucosa of organ renal pelvis mucous membrane renal pelvis organ mucosa tunica mucosa pelvis renalis uberon OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis organ mucosa OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis mucosa OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic renal pelvis mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic renal pelvis organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a renal pelvis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter mucosa of organ FMA:17931 renal pelvic mucosa OBOL:automatic renal pelvis mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic mucosa of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic renal pelvis mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter mucous membrane FMA:17931 FMA:TA tunica mucosa pelvis renalis OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter mucosa mucosa of major calyx A mucosa that is part of a major calyx [Obol]. FMA:17934 UBERON:0005007 major calix mucosa major calix mucosa of organ major calix mucous membrane major calix organ mucosa major calyx mucosa major calyx mucosa of organ major calyx mucous membrane major calyx organ mucosa mucosa of major calix mucosa of organ of major calix mucosa of organ of major calyx mucous membrane of major calix mucous membrane of major calyx organ mucosa of major calix organ mucosa of major calyx uberon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of major calix OBOL:automatic major calix mucosa OBOL:automatic major calyx organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a major calyx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic major calix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic major calyx mucosa OBOL:automatic major calix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of major calyx OBOL:automatic major calyx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic major calyx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of major calix OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of major calix OBOL:automatic major calix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of major calix OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of major calyx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of major calyx mucosa of minor calyx A mucosa that is part of a minor calyx [Obol]. FMA:17937 UBERON:0005008 minor calix mucosa minor calix mucosa of organ minor calix mucous membrane minor calix organ mucosa minor calyx mucosa minor calyx mucosa of organ minor calyx mucous membrane minor calyx organ mucosa mucosa of minor calix mucosa of organ of minor calix mucosa of organ of minor calyx mucous membrane of minor calix mucous membrane of minor calyx organ mucosa of minor calix organ mucosa of minor calyx uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of minor calyx OBOL:automatic minor calix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic minor calyx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic minor calyx mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of minor calyx A mucosa that is part of a minor calyx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic minor calyx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic minor calix mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of minor calix OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of minor calix OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of minor calix OBOL:automatic minor calix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of minor calyx OBOL:automatic minor calix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic minor calyx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of minor calix mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder A mucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Obol]. FMA:17847 Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa of organ Lieutaud ' s trigone mucous membrane Lieutaud ' s trigone organ mucosa UBERON:0005009 deep trigone mucosa deep trigone mucosa of organ deep trigone mucous membrane deep trigone organ mucosa mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa of deep trigone mucosa of organ of Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa of organ of deep trigone mucosa of organ of trigone of bladder mucosa of organ of trigone of urinary bladder mucosa of organ of urinary bladder trigone mucosa of organ of vesical trigone mucosa of trigone of bladder mucosa of urinary bladder trigone mucosa of vesical trigone mucous membrane of Lieutaud ' s trigone mucous membrane of deep trigone mucous membrane of trigone of bladder mucous membrane of trigone of urinary bladder mucous membrane of urinary bladder trigone mucous membrane of vesical trigone organ mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone organ mucosa of deep trigone organ mucosa of trigone of bladder organ mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder organ mucosa of urinary bladder trigone organ mucosa of vesical trigone trigone of bladder mucosa trigone of bladder mucosa of organ trigone of bladder mucous membrane trigone of bladder organ mucosa trigone of urinary bladder mucosa trigone of urinary bladder mucosa of organ trigone of urinary bladder mucous membrane trigone of urinary bladder organ mucosa uberon urinary bladder trigone mucosa urinary bladder trigone mucosa of organ urinary bladder trigone mucous membrane urinary bladder trigone organ mucosa vesical trigone mucosa vesical trigone mucosa of organ vesical trigone mucous membrane vesical trigone organ mucosa OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone mucosa OBOL:automatic deep trigone mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of Lieutaud ' s trigone OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of urinary bladder trigone Lieutaud ' s trigone mucous membrane OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic vesical trigone mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of deep trigone OBOL:automatic mucosa of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of Lieutaud ' s trigone OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of trigone of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic vesical trigone mucous membrane Lieutaud ' s trigone organ mucosa OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of trigone of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of deep trigone OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of urinary bladder trigone OBOL:automatic mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone OBOL:automatic deep trigone mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of deep trigone OBOL:automatic mucosa of urinary bladder trigone OBOL:automatic deep trigone mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic vesical trigone mucosa of organ Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of deep trigone Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of vesical trigone OBOL:automatic urinary bladder trigone mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of trigone of bladder OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic trigone of urinary bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of urinary bladder trigone A mucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic deep trigone organ mucosa OBOL:automatic vesical trigone organ mucosa OBOL:automatic trigone of bladder mucosa of organ mucosa of neck of urinary bladder A mucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Obol]. FMA:17846 UBERON:0005010 bladder neck mucosa bladder neck mucosa of organ bladder neck mucous membrane bladder neck organ mucosa mucosa of bladder neck mucosa of neck of bladder mucosa of organ of bladder neck mucosa of organ of neck of bladder mucosa of organ of neck of urinary bladder mucosa of organ of urinary bladder neck mucosa of organ of vesical neck mucosa of urinary bladder neck mucosa of vesical neck mucous membrane of bladder neck mucous membrane of neck of bladder mucous membrane of neck of urinary bladder mucous membrane of urinary bladder neck mucous membrane of vesical neck neck of bladder mucosa neck of bladder mucosa of organ neck of bladder mucous membrane neck of bladder organ mucosa neck of urinary bladder mucosa neck of urinary bladder mucosa of organ neck of urinary bladder mucous membrane neck of urinary bladder organ mucosa organ mucosa of bladder neck organ mucosa of neck of bladder organ mucosa of neck of urinary bladder organ mucosa of urinary bladder neck organ mucosa of vesical neck uberon urinary bladder neck mucosa urinary bladder neck mucosa of organ urinary bladder neck mucous membrane vesical neck mucosa vesical neck mucosa of organ vesical neck mucous membrane vesical neck organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bladder neck organ mucosa OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bladder neck mucosa OBOL:automatic vesical neck mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bladder neck mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vesical neck organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bladder neck OBOL:automatic vesical neck mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic neck of bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic neck of bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vesical neck mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of vesical neck OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck mucosa OBOL:automatic bladder neck mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic neck of bladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vesical neck OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vesical neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of bladder neck OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vesical neck OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic neck of bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of neck of urinary bladder mucosa of right uterine tube A mucosa that is part of a right uterine tube [Obol]. FMA:18452 UBERON:0005011 mucosa of organ of right fallopian tube mucosa of organ of right oviduct mucosa of organ of right uterine tube mucosa of right fallopian tube mucosa of right oviduct mucous membrane of right fallopian tube mucous membrane of right oviduct mucous membrane of right uterine tube organ mucosa of right fallopian tube organ mucosa of right oviduct organ mucosa of right uterine tube right fallopian tube mucosa right fallopian tube mucosa of organ right fallopian tube mucous membrane right fallopian tube organ mucosa right oviduct mucosa right oviduct mucosa of organ right oviduct mucous membrane right oviduct organ mucosa right uterine tube mucosa right uterine tube mucosa of organ right uterine tube mucous membrane right uterine tube organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic right uterine tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic right uterine tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic right fallopian tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of right fallopian tube OBOL:automatic right oviduct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic right oviduct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right fallopian tube OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right uterine tube OBOL:automatic right fallopian tube mucosa OBOL:automatic right uterine tube mucosa OBOL:automatic right fallopian tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right oviduct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right fallopian tube OBOL:automatic right fallopian tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right uterine tube OBOL:automatic right oviduct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right uterine tube OBOL:automatic right uterine tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right fallopian tube OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right oviduct OBOL:automatic right oviduct mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right oviduct OBOL:automatic mucosa of right oviduct A mucosa that is part of a right uterine tube [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of left uterine tube A mucosa that is part of a left uterine tube [Obol]. FMA:18453 UBERON:0005012 left fallopian tube mucosa left fallopian tube mucosa of organ left fallopian tube mucous membrane left fallopian tube organ mucosa left oviduct mucosa left oviduct mucosa of organ left oviduct mucous membrane left oviduct organ mucosa left uterine tube mucosa left uterine tube mucosa of organ left uterine tube mucous membrane left uterine tube organ mucosa mucosa of left fallopian tube mucosa of left oviduct mucosa of organ of left fallopian tube mucosa of organ of left oviduct mucosa of organ of left uterine tube mucous membrane of left fallopian tube mucous membrane of left oviduct mucous membrane of left uterine tube organ mucosa of left fallopian tube organ mucosa of left oviduct organ mucosa of left uterine tube uberon OBOL:automatic left uterine tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of left fallopian tube OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left uterine tube OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left uterine tube OBOL:automatic left fallopian tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic left oviduct mucosa OBOL:automatic left fallopian tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic left uterine tube mucosa OBOL:automatic left uterine tube organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a left uterine tube [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left fallopian tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left uterine tube OBOL:automatic left uterine tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left oviduct OBOL:automatic left fallopian tube mucosa OBOL:automatic left fallopian tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic left oviduct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of left oviduct OBOL:automatic left oviduct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left oviduct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left fallopian tube OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left oviduct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left fallopian tube OBOL:automatic left oviduct organ mucosa mucosa of male urethra A mucosa that is part of a male urethra [Obol]. FMA:239937 UBERON:0005013 male urethra mucosa male urethra mucosa of organ male urethra mucous membrane male urethra organ mucosa mucosa of organ of male urethra mucous membrane of male urethra organ mucosa of male urethra uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of male urethra OBOL:automatic male urethra mucosa A mucosa that is part of a male urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic male urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of male urethra OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of male urethra OBOL:automatic male urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic male urethra organ mucosa mucosa of female urethra A mucosa that is part of a female urethra [Obol]. FMA:239940 UBERON:0005014 female urethra mucosa female urethra mucosa of organ female urethra mucous membrane female urethra organ mucosa mucosa of organ of female urethra mucous membrane of female urethra organ mucosa of female urethra uberon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of female urethra OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of female urethra OBOL:automatic female urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic female urethra mucosa A mucosa that is part of a female urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic female urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of female urethra OBOL:automatic female urethra mucosa of organ mucosa of prostatic urethra A mucosa that is part of a prostatic urethra [Obol]. FMA:77079 UBERON:0005015 mucosa of organ of prostatic part of urethra mucosa of organ of prostatic urethra mucosa of prostatic part of urethra mucous membrane of prostatic part of urethra mucous membrane of prostatic urethra organ mucosa of prostatic part of urethra organ mucosa of prostatic urethra prostatic part of urethra mucosa prostatic part of urethra mucosa of organ prostatic part of urethra mucous membrane prostatic part of urethra organ mucosa prostatic urethra mucosa prostatic urethra mucosa of organ prostatic urethra mucous membrane prostatic urethra organ mucosa prostatic urethral mucosa tunica mucosa urethrae prosticae uberon OBOL:automatic prostatic part of urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of prostatic urethra OBOL:automatic mucosa of prostatic part of urethra OBOL:automatic prostatic urethra mucosa FMA:77079 FMA:TA tunica mucosa urethrae prosticae OBOL:automatic prostatic urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic prostatic urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of prostatic part of urethra OBOL:automatic prostatic part of urethra mucosa OBOL:automatic prostatic part of urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of prostatic urethra A mucosa that is part of a prostatic urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:77079 prostatic urethral mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of prostatic part of urethra OBOL:automatic prostatic urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of prostatic urethra OBOL:automatic prostatic part of urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of prostatic part of urethra mucosa of intermediate urethra A mucosa that is part of a membranous urethra [Obol]. FMA:77085 SCTID:362229009 UBERON:0005016 galen:MucousMembraneOfUrethra intermediate part of urethra mucosa intermediate part of urethra mucosa of organ intermediate part of urethra mucous membrane intermediate part of urethra organ mucosa intermediate urethra mucosa intermediate urethra mucosa of organ intermediate urethra mucous membrane intermediate urethra organ mucosa intermediate urethral mucosa membranous part of urethra mucosa membranous part of urethra mucosa of organ membranous part of urethra mucous membrane membranous part of urethra organ mucosa membranous urethra mucosa membranous urethra mucosa of organ membranous urethra mucous membrane membranous urethra organ mucosa mucosa of intermediate part of urethra mucosa of membranous part of urethra mucosa of membranous urethra mucosa of organ of intermediate part of urethra mucosa of organ of intermediate urethra mucosa of organ of membranous part of urethra mucosa of organ of membranous urethra mucosa of organ of pars membranacea (urethrae) mucosa of pars membranacea (urethrae) mucous membrane of intermediate part of urethra mucous membrane of intermediate urethra mucous membrane of membranous part of urethra mucous membrane of membranous urethra mucous membrane of pars membranacea (urethrae) organ mucosa of intermediate part of urethra organ mucosa of intermediate urethra organ mucosa of membranous part of urethra organ mucosa of membranous urethra organ mucosa of pars membranacea (urethrae) pars membranacea (urethrae) mucosa pars membranacea (urethrae) mucosa of organ pars membranacea (urethrae) mucous membrane pars membranacea (urethrae) organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic pars membranacea (urethrae) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of membranous part of urethra OBOL:automatic pars membranacea (urethrae) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic membranous urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intermediate part of urethra OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intermediate urethra OBOL:automatic intermediate urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of membranous part of urethra OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of membranous part of urethra OBOL:automatic intermediate part of urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic intermediate urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pars membranacea (urethrae) OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of membranous urethra OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intermediate urethra OBOL:automatic mucosa of membranous urethra OBOL:automatic membranous part of urethra mucosa of organ FMA:77085 intermediate urethral mucosa OBOL:automatic intermediate part of urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pars membranacea (urethrae) OBOL:automatic membranous part of urethra mucosa OBOL:automatic pars membranacea (urethrae) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of intermediate part of urethra OBOL:automatic mucosa of membranous part of urethra OBOL:automatic intermediate part of urethra mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a membranous urethra [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of pars membranacea (urethrae) OBOL:automatic membranous part of urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic pars membranacea (urethrae) mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pars membranacea (urethrae) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of membranous urethra OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intermediate urethra OBOL:automatic membranous part of urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic membranous urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of membranous urethra OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intermediate part of urethra OBOL:automatic membranous urethra mucosa OBOL:automatic intermediate urethra mucosa OBOL:automatic membranous urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intermediate part of urethra OBOL:automatic intermediate urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic intermediate part of urethra mucosa mucosa of lacrimal sac A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal sac [Obol]. FMA:72061 UBERON:0005017 lacrimal sac mucosa lacrimal sac mucosa of organ lacrimal sac mucous membrane lacrimal sac organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lacrimal sac mucous membrane of lacrimal sac organ mucosa of lacrimal sac uberon OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal sac [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lacrimal sac OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac mucosa OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lacrimal sac OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lacrimal sac mucosa of nasal septum A mucosa that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. FMA:60113 UBERON:0005018 mucosa of organ of nasal septum mucous membrane of nasal septum nasal septum mucosa nasal septum mucosa of organ nasal septum mucous membrane nasal septum organ mucosa organ mucosa of nasal septum uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasal septum OBOL:automatic nasal septum mucosa A mucosa that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nasal septum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasal septum OBOL:automatic nasal septum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of nasal septum OBOL:automatic nasal septum mucous membrane mucosa of palate A mucosa that is part of a palate [Obol]. FMA:59765 UBERON:0005019 mucosa of oral roof mucosa of organ of oral roof mucosa of organ of palate mucosa of organ of roof of mouth mucosa of roof of mouth mucous membrane of oral roof mucous membrane of palate mucous membrane of roof of mouth oral roof mucosa oral roof mucosa of organ oral roof mucous membrane oral roof organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral roof organ mucosa of palate organ mucosa of roof of mouth palate mucosa palate mucosa of organ palate mucous membrane palate organ mucosa roof of mouth mucosa roof of mouth mucosa of organ roof of mouth mucous membrane roof of mouth organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of palate OBOL:automatic palate mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic palate mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral roof OBOL:automatic oral roof mucosa OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of palate OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of palate OBOL:automatic oral roof mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral roof OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic roof of mouth organ mucosa OBOL:automatic oral roof mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a palate [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral roof OBOL:automatic oral roof organ mucosa OBOL:automatic palate mucous membrane OBOL:automatic palate organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral roof mucosa of tongue A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Obol]. EFO:0002553 FMA:54807 SCTID:362092002 UBERON:0005020 lingual mucosa mucosa of organ of tongue mucous membrane of tongue organ mucosa of tongue tongue mucosa tongue mucosa of organ tongue mucous membrane tongue organ mucosa tunica mucosa linguae uberon OBOL:automatic tongue mucosa FMA:54807 lingual mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue organ mucosa FMA:54807 FMA:TA tunica mucosa linguae OBOL:automatic tongue mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of tongue A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Obol]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of sphenoidal sinus A mucosa that is part of a sphenoidal sinus [Obol]. FMA:59775 SCTID:43774000 UBERON:0005021 mucosa of organ of sphenoid sinus mucosa of organ of sphenoidal sinus mucosa of sphenoid sinus mucous membrane of sphenoid sinus mucous membrane of sphenoidal sinus organ mucosa of sphenoid sinus organ mucosa of sphenoidal sinus sphenoid sinus mucosa sphenoid sinus mucosa of organ sphenoid sinus mucous membrane sphenoid sinus organ mucosa sphenoidal sinus mucosa sphenoidal sinus mucosa of organ sphenoidal sinus mucous membrane sphenoidal sinus organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic sphenoidal sinus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic sphenoid sinus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of sphenoid sinus OBOL:automatic sphenoid sinus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of sphenoidal sinus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of sphenoidal sinus OBOL:automatic sphenoidal sinus mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of sphenoid sinus OBOL:automatic sphenoid sinus mucosa A mucosa that is part of a sphenoidal sinus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic sphenoid sinus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic sphenoidal sinus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of sphenoid sinus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of sphenoidal sinus OBOL:automatic sphenoidal sinus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of sphenoid sinus mucosa of nasopharynx A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Obol]. FMA:54971 SCTID:361938001 UBERON:0005022 mucosa of nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ of nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ of nasopharynx mucosa of organ of rhinopharynx mucosa of rhinopharynx mucous membrane of nasal part of pharynx mucous membrane of nasopharynx mucous membrane of rhinopharynx nasal part of pharynx mucosa nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ nasal part of pharynx mucous membrane nasal part of pharynx organ mucosa nasopharynx mucosa nasopharynx mucosa of organ nasopharynx mucous membrane nasopharynx organ mucosa organ mucosa of nasal part of pharynx organ mucosa of nasopharynx organ mucosa of rhinopharynx rhinopharynx mucosa rhinopharynx mucosa of organ rhinopharynx mucous membrane rhinopharynx organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic nasopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic nasopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic nasopharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic nasopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of nasal part of pharynx A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ mucosa of oropharynx A mucosa that is part of a oropharynx [Obol]. FMA:54933 SCTID:144632009 UBERON:0005023 mucosa of oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ of oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ of oropharynx mucous membrane of oral part of pharynx mucous membrane of oropharynx oral part of pharynx mucosa oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ oral part of pharynx mucous membrane oral part of pharynx organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral part of pharynx organ mucosa of oropharynx oropharynx mucosa oropharynx mucosa of organ oropharynx mucous membrane oropharynx organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oropharynx A mucosa that is part of a oropharynx [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oropharynx OBOL:automatic oropharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oropharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oropharynx OBOL:automatic oropharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic oropharynx mucous membrane mucosa of soft palate A mucosa that is part of a soft palate [Obol]. FMA:59784 SCTID:245842003 UBERON:0005024 mucosa of organ of soft palate mucous membrane of soft palate organ mucosa of soft palate soft palate mucosa soft palate mucosa of organ soft palate mucous membrane soft palate organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of soft palate OBOL:automatic soft palate mucous membrane OBOL:automatic soft palate mucosa OBOL:automatic soft palate mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of soft palate OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of soft palate A mucosa that is part of a soft palate [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic soft palate organ mucosa mucosa of uvula A mucosa that is part of a uvula [Obol]. FMA:60030 UBERON:0005025 cerebellum lobule IX mucosa cerebellum lobule IX mucosa of organ cerebellum lobule IX mucous membrane cerebellum lobule IX organ mucosa mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX mucosa of organ of cerebellum lobule IX mucosa of organ of uvula mucosa of organ of uvula of palate mucosa of uvula of palate mucous membrane of cerebellum lobule IX mucous membrane of uvula mucous membrane of uvula of palate organ mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX organ mucosa of uvula organ mucosa of uvula of palate uberon uvula mucosa uvula mucosa of organ uvula mucous membrane uvula of palate mucosa uvula of palate mucosa of organ uvula of palate mucous membrane uvula of palate organ mucosa uvula organ mucosa OBOL:automatic uvula mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of uvula of palate OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of uvula OBOL:automatic uvula of palate mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic uvula of palate mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of uvula of palate OBOL:automatic mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX OBOL:automatic uvula mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a uvula [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic cerebellum lobule IX mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of uvula OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of uvula OBOL:automatic mucosa of uvula of palate OBOL:automatic uvula organ mucosa OBOL:automatic uvula of palate organ mucosa OBOL:automatic cerebellum lobule IX mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of uvula of palate OBOL:automatic cerebellum lobule IX mucosa OBOL:automatic uvula mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cerebellum lobule IX OBOL:automatic cerebellum lobule IX organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cerebellum lobule IX OBOL:automatic uvula of palate mucosa mucosa of middle ear A mucosa that is part of a middle ear [Obol]. FMA:59663 UBERON:0005026 middle ear mucosa middle ear mucosa of organ middle ear mucous membrane middle ear organ mucosa mucosa of organ of middle ear mucosa of tympanic cavity mucous membrane of middle ear organ mucosa of middle ear tunica mucosa cavitatis tympanicae uberon OBOL:automatic middle ear mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a middle ear [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:59663 mucosa of tympanic cavity OBOL:automatic middle ear organ mucosa FMA:59663 FMA:TA tunica mucosa cavitatis tympanicae OBOL:automatic middle ear mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of middle ear OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of middle ear OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of middle ear OBOL:automatic middle ear mucous membrane mucosa of frontal sinus A mucosa that is part of a frontal sinus [Obol]. FMA:59774 SCTID:368909005 UBERON:0005027 frontal sinus mucosa frontal sinus mucosa of organ frontal sinus mucous membrane frontal sinus organ mucosa mucosa of organ of frontal sinus mucous membrane of frontal sinus organ mucosa of frontal sinus uberon OBOL:automatic frontal sinus mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of frontal sinus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of frontal sinus OBOL:automatic frontal sinus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic frontal sinus mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a frontal sinus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic frontal sinus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of frontal sinus mucosa of maxillary sinus A mucosa that is part of a maxillary sinus [Obol]. FMA:59773 SCTID:368908002 UBERON:0005028 antrum of highmore mucosa antrum of highmore mucosa of organ antrum of highmore mucous membrane antrum of highmore organ mucosa maxillary sinus mucosa maxillary sinus mucosa of organ maxillary sinus mucous membrane maxillary sinus organ mucosa mucosa of antrum of highmore mucosa of organ of antrum of highmore mucosa of organ of maxillary sinus mucous membrane of antrum of highmore mucous membrane of maxillary sinus organ mucosa of antrum of highmore organ mucosa of maxillary sinus uberon OBOL:automatic maxillary sinus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of maxillary sinus OBOL:automatic maxillary sinus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic maxillary sinus mucosa OBOL:automatic antrum of highmore mucous membrane OBOL:automatic antrum of highmore organ mucosa OBOL:automatic antrum of highmore mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of antrum of highmore OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of antrum of highmore OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of antrum of highmore OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of maxillary sinus A mucosa that is part of a maxillary sinus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of antrum of highmore OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of maxillary sinus OBOL:automatic maxillary sinus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic antrum of highmore mucosa mucosa of lacrimal canaliculus A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal canaliculus [Obol]. FMA:85366 UBERON:0005029 lacrimal canalicular mucosa lacrimal canaliculus mucosa lacrimal canaliculus mucosa of organ lacrimal canaliculus mucous membrane lacrimal canaliculus organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lacrimal canaliculus mucous membrane of lacrimal canaliculus organ mucosa of lacrimal canaliculus uberon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lacrimal canaliculus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lacrimal canaliculus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lacrimal canaliculus FMA:85366 lacrimal canalicular mucosa OBOL:automatic lacrimal canaliculus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic lacrimal canaliculus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lacrimal canaliculus mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal canaliculus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lacrimal canaliculus mucosa mucosa of paranasal sinus FMA:59772 UBERON:0005030 paranasal sinus mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic paranasal sinus mucosa mucosa of upper lip A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Obol]. FMA:59832 SCTID:362088009 UBERON:0005031 mucosa of organ of upper lip mucous membrane of upper lip ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Upper_Lip organ mucosa of upper lip uberon upper lip mucosa upper lip mucosa of organ upper lip mucous membrane upper lip organ mucosa OBOL:automatic upper lip mucous membrane OBOL:automatic upper lip mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic upper lip organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic upper lip mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of upper lip OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of upper lip OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of upper lip mucosa of lower lip A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Obol]. FMA:59833 SCTID:362089001 UBERON:0005032 lower lip mucosa lower lip mucosa of organ lower lip mucous membrane lower lip organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lower lip mucous membrane of lower lip ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Lower_Lip organ mucosa of lower lip uberon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lower lip OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lower lip OBOL:automatic lower lip mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lower lip mucosa OBOL:automatic lower lip organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lower lip A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lower lip mucosa of organ mucosa of gallbladder A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. FMA:14662 SCTID:362196002 UBERON:0005033 gall bladder mucosa gall bladder mucosa of organ gall bladder mucous membrane gall bladder organ mucosa gallbladder mucosa gallbladder mucosa of organ gallbladder mucous membrane gallbladder organ mucosa mucosa of gall bladder mucosa of organ of gall bladder mucosa of organ of gallbladder mucous membrane of gall bladder mucous membrane of gallbladder organ mucosa of gall bladder organ mucosa of gallbladder tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris uberon OBOL:automatic gall bladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gall bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gall bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gall bladder OBOL:automatic gallbladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gallbladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gall bladder mucous membrane FMA:14662 FMA:TA tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris OBOL:automatic gallbladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gall bladder A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic gallbladder mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of gall bladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gallbladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gall bladder FMA:14662 tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gallbladder OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gallbladder mucosa of right main bronchus A mucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Obol]. FMA:13137 UBERON:0005034 mucosa of organ of right bronchus mucosa of organ of right main bronchus mucosa of organ of right principal bronchus mucosa of right bronchus mucosa of right principal bronchus mucous membrane of right bronchus mucous membrane of right main bronchus mucous membrane of right principal bronchus organ mucosa of right bronchus organ mucosa of right main bronchus organ mucosa of right principal bronchus right bronchus mucosa right bronchus mucosa of organ right bronchus mucous membrane right bronchus organ mucosa right main bronchial mucosa right main bronchus mucosa right main bronchus mucosa of organ right main bronchus mucous membrane right main bronchus organ mucosa right principal bronchus mucosa right principal bronchus mucosa of organ right principal bronchus mucous membrane right principal bronchus organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic right principal bronchus organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic right main bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right bronchus OBOL:automatic right principal bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic right bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right principal bronchus OBOL:automatic right principal bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right principal bronchus OBOL:automatic right main bronchus organ mucosa FMA:13137 right main bronchial mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right main bronchus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right main bronchus OBOL:automatic right bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of right bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right principal bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right main bronchus OBOL:automatic right main bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic right main bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of right principal bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right bronchus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right bronchus OBOL:automatic right principal bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic right bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic right bronchus mucosa mucosa of left main bronchus A mucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Obol]. FMA:13138 UBERON:0005035 left bronchus mucosa left bronchus mucosa of organ left bronchus mucous membrane left bronchus organ mucosa left main bronchial mucosa left main bronchus mucosa left main bronchus mucosa of organ left main bronchus mucous membrane left main bronchus organ mucosa left principal bronchus mucosa left principal bronchus mucosa of organ left principal bronchus mucous membrane left principal bronchus organ mucosa mucosa of left bronchus mucosa of left principal bronchus mucosa of organ of left bronchus mucosa of organ of left main bronchus mucosa of organ of left principal bronchus mucous membrane of left bronchus mucous membrane of left main bronchus mucous membrane of left principal bronchus organ mucosa of left bronchus organ mucosa of left main bronchus organ mucosa of left principal bronchus uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left principal bronchus OBOL:automatic left principal bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic left main bronchus mucous membrane FMA:13138 left main bronchial mucosa OBOL:automatic left main bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic left principal bronchus mucosa of organ A mucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left principal bronchus OBOL:automatic left main bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left main bronchus OBOL:automatic left bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of left bronchus OBOL:automatic left bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic left main bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic left principal bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic left bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left principal bronchus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left main bronchus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of left principal bronchus OBOL:automatic left principal bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left main bronchus OBOL:automatic left bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of left bronchus mucosa of main bronchus A mucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. FMA:13115 UBERON:0005036 bronchus principalis mucosa bronchus principalis mucosa of organ bronchus principalis mucous membrane bronchus principalis organ mucosa main bronchial mucosa main bronchus mucosa main bronchus mucosa of organ main bronchus mucous membrane main bronchus organ mucosa mucosa of bronchus principalis mucosa of organ of bronchus principalis mucosa of organ of main bronchus mucosa of organ of primary bronchus mucosa of organ of principal bronchus mucosa of primary bronchus mucosa of principal bronchus mucous membrane of bronchus principalis mucous membrane of main bronchus mucous membrane of primary bronchus mucous membrane of principal bronchus organ mucosa of bronchus principalis organ mucosa of main bronchus organ mucosa of primary bronchus organ mucosa of principal bronchus primary bronchus mucosa primary bronchus mucosa of organ primary bronchus mucous membrane primary bronchus organ mucosa principal bronchus mucosa principal bronchus mucosa of organ principal bronchus mucous membrane principal bronchus organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic primary bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic main bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic primary bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis organ mucosa OBOL:automatic primary bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of main bronchus FMA:13115 main bronchial mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of main bronchus OBOL:automatic main bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis mucosa OBOL:automatic principal bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic principal bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of principal bronchus A mucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic principal bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis mucous membrane OBOL:automatic principal bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic primary bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic bronchus principalis mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic main bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of principal bronchus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic mucosa of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of main bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of primary bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchus principalis OBOL:automatic main bronchus mucosa of organ mucosa of lobar bronchus A mucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Obol]. FMA:62668 UBERON:0005037 lobar bronchial mucosa lobar bronchus mucosa lobar bronchus mucosa of organ lobar bronchus mucous membrane lobar bronchus organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lobar bronchus mucosa of organ of secondary bronchus mucosa of secondary bronchus mucous membrane of lobar bronchus mucous membrane of secondary bronchus organ mucosa of lobar bronchus organ mucosa of secondary bronchus secondary bronchus mucosa secondary bronchus mucosa of organ secondary bronchus mucous membrane secondary bronchus organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lobar bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of secondary bronchus OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic secondary bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lobar bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lobar bronchus FMA:62668 lobar bronchial mucosa A mucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus organ mucosa mucosa of segmental bronchus A mucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Obol]. FMA:62666 UBERON:0005038 mucosa of organ of segmental bronchus mucosa of organ of tertiary bronchus mucosa of tertiary bronchus mucous membrane of segmental bronchus mucous membrane of tertiary bronchus organ mucosa of segmental bronchus organ mucosa of tertiary bronchus segmental bronchial mucosa segmental bronchus mucosa segmental bronchus mucosa of organ segmental bronchus mucous membrane segmental bronchus organ mucosa tertiary bronchus mucosa tertiary bronchus mucosa of organ tertiary bronchus mucous membrane tertiary bronchus organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of segmental bronchus A mucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of tertiary bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of tertiary bronchus OBOL:automatic segmental bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic segmental bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic tertiary bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic segmental bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of segmental bronchus OBOL:automatic segmental bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tertiary bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of tertiary bronchus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of tertiary bronchus OBOL:automatic tertiary bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic tertiary bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of segmental bronchus FMA:62666 segmental bronchial mucosa mucosa of bronchiole A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:263230 FMA:62774 SCTID:10887006 UBERON:0005039 bronchiole mucosa bronchiole mucosa of organ bronchiole mucous membrane bronchiole organ mucosa lobular bronchiole mucosa lobular bronchiole mucosa of organ lobular bronchiole mucous membrane lobular bronchiole organ mucosa mucosa of lobular bronchiole mucosa of organ of bronchiole mucosa of organ of lobular bronchiole mucous membrane of bronchiole mucous membrane of lobular bronchiole organ mucosa of bronchiole organ mucosa of lobular bronchiole uberon A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of lobular bronchiole OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchiole OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchiole mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lobular bronchiole OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lobular bronchiole OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchiole OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchiole OBOL:automatic bronchiole mucosa OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bronchiole organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lobular bronchiole OBOL:automatic bronchiole mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic lobular bronchiole mucosa of organ mucosa of terminal bronchiole A mucosa that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:263232 UBERON:0005040 bronchiolus terminalis mucosa bronchiolus terminalis mucosa of organ bronchiolus terminalis mucous membrane bronchiolus terminalis organ mucosa mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis mucosa of organ of bronchiolus terminalis mucosa of organ of terminal bronchiole mucous membrane of bronchiolus terminalis mucous membrane of terminal bronchiole organ mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis organ mucosa of terminal bronchiole terminal bronchiole mucosa terminal bronchiole mucosa of organ terminal bronchiole mucous membrane terminal bronchiole organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of terminal bronchiole OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchiolus terminalis OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchiolus terminalis OBOL:automatic terminal bronchiole organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of terminal bronchiole OBOL:automatic terminal bronchiole mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of terminal bronchiole OBOL:automatic terminal bronchiole mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bronchiolus terminalis organ mucosa A mucosa that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis OBOL:automatic terminal bronchiole mucous membrane mucosa of respiratory bronchiole A mucosa that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Obol]. FMA:263238 UBERON:0005041 bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa of organ bronchiolus respiratorius mucous membrane bronchiolus respiratorius organ mucosa mucosa of bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa of organ of bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa of organ of respiratory bronchiole mucous membrane of bronchiolus respiratorius mucous membrane of respiratory bronchiole organ mucosa of bronchiolus respiratorius organ mucosa of respiratory bronchiole respiratory bronchiole mucosa respiratory bronchiole mucosa of organ respiratory bronchiole mucous membrane respiratory bronchiole organ mucosa uberon OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius mucous membrane OBOL:automatic respiratory bronchiole mucous membrane OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchiolus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchiolus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchiolus respiratorius OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of respiratory bronchiole OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of respiratory bronchiole OBOL:automatic bronchiolus respiratorius organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of respiratory bronchiole OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchiolus respiratorius A mucosa that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic respiratory bronchiole mucosa OBOL:automatic respiratory bronchiole mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic respiratory bronchiole organ mucosa inner epithelial layer of tympanic membrane A portion of the tympanic cavity epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane AO notes: in FMA this is classified as a mucosa FMA:56844 SCTID:36411006 UBERON:0005042 mucosa of tympanic membrane mucous layer of tympanic membrane mucous stratum of tympanic membrane tympanic membrane external middle ear cavity epithelial component uberon A portion of the tympanic cavity epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane PMID:11237469 UBERON:cjm FMA:56844 mucosa of tympanic membrane UBERON:cjm tympanic membrane external middle ear cavity epithelial component FMA:56844 mucous layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56844 mucous stratum of tympanic membrane mucosa of nasolacrimal duct A mucosa that is part of a nasolacrimal duct [Obol]. FMA:59664 UBERON:0005043 mucosa of organ of nasolacrimal duct mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct nasolacrimal duct mucosa nasolacrimal duct mucosa of organ nasolacrimal duct mucous membrane nasolacrimal duct organ mucosa nasolacrimal ductal mucosa organ mucosa of nasolacrimal duct uberon A mucosa that is part of a nasolacrimal duct [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of nasolacrimal duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasolacrimal duct OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct mucosa FMA:59664 nasolacrimal ductal mucosa OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct organ mucosa mucosa of pharyngotympanic tube A mucosa that is part of a pharyngotympanic tube [Obol]. FMA:60109 UBERON:0005044 auditory tube mucosa auditory tube mucosa of organ auditory tube mucous membrane auditory tube organ mucosa internal auditory tube mucosa internal auditory tube mucosa of organ internal auditory tube mucous membrane internal auditory tube organ mucosa mucosa of auditory tube mucosa of internal auditory tube mucosa of organ of auditory tube mucosa of organ of internal auditory tube mucosa of organ of pharyngotympanic tube mucous membrane of auditory tube mucous membrane of internal auditory tube mucous membrane of pharyngotympanic tube mucuous membrane of eustachian tube mucuous membrane of pharyngotympanic tube organ mucosa of auditory tube organ mucosa of internal auditory tube organ mucosa of pharyngotympanic tube pharyngotympanic tube mucosa pharyngotympanic tube mucosa of organ pharyngotympanic tube mucous membrane pharyngotympanic tube organ mucosa tunica mucosa (tuba auditiva) tunica mucosa (tuba auditoria) uberon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pharyngotympanic tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of auditory tube OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of auditory tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of auditory tube OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of internal auditory tube FMA:60109 mucuous membrane of pharyngotympanic tube OBOL:automatic pharyngotympanic tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic auditory tube mucosa of organ FMA:60109 tunica mucosa (tuba auditoria) OBOL:automatic pharyngotympanic tube mucosa OBOL:automatic pharyngotympanic tube mucosa of organ FMA:60109 tunica mucosa (tuba auditiva) OBOL:automatic auditory tube mucosa OBOL:automatic auditory tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic internal auditory tube mucosa FMA:60109 mucuous membrane of eustachian tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of internal auditory tube OBOL:automatic pharyngotympanic tube mucous membrane A mucosa that is part of a pharyngotympanic tube [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pharyngotympanic tube OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of auditory tube OBOL:automatic internal auditory tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic auditory tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic internal auditory tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic internal auditory tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of internal auditory tube OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of internal auditory tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pharyngotympanic tube mucosa of ethmoidal sinus A mucosa that is part of a ethmoid sinus [Obol]. FMA:59776 SCTID:65501003 UBERON:0005045 ethmoid sinus mucosa ethmoid sinus mucosa of organ ethmoid sinus mucous membrane ethmoid sinus organ mucosa ethmoidal sinus mucosa mucosa of ethmoid sinus mucosa of organ of ethmoid sinus mucous membrane of ethmoid sinus organ mucosa of ethmoid sinus uberon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ethmoid sinus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ethmoid sinus OBOL:automatic ethmoid sinus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ethmoid sinus mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ethmoid sinus OBOL:automatic ethmoid sinus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic ethmoid sinus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of ethmoid sinus A mucosa that is part of a ethmoid sinus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:59776 ethmoidal sinus mucosa mucosa of hard palate A mucosa that is part of a hard palate [Obol]. FMA:59783 SCTID:245841005 UBERON:0005046 hard palate mucosa hard palate mucosa of organ hard palate mucous membrane hard palate organ mucosa mucosa of organ of hard palate mucous membrane of hard palate organ mucosa of hard palate uberon A mucosa that is part of a hard palate [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic hard palate mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of hard palate OBOL:automatic hard palate mucosa OBOL:automatic hard palate organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of hard palate OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of hard palate OBOL:automatic hard palate mucous membrane mucosa of vocal fold A mucosa that is part of a vocal cord [Obol]. FMA:64017 UBERON:0005047 mucosa of glottis mucosa of organ of true vocal cord mucosa of organ of vocal cord mucosa of true vocal cord mucosa of vocal cord mucous membrane of true vocal cord mucous membrane of vocal cord organ mucosa of true vocal cord organ mucosa of vocal cord true vocal cord mucosa true vocal cord mucosa of organ true vocal cord mucous membrane true vocal cord organ mucosa uberon vocal cord mucosa vocal cord mucosa of organ vocal cord mucous membrane vocal cord organ mucosa vocal fold mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of true vocal cord OBOL:automatic vocal cord mucosa OBOL:automatic true vocal cord mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucosa of true vocal cord OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vocal cord OBOL:automatic true vocal cord mucosa FMA:64017 vocal fold mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of true vocal cord OBOL:automatic true vocal cord organ mucosa OBOL:automatic vocal cord organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vocal cord OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vocal cord OBOL:automatic true vocal cord mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vocal cord mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vocal cord mucous membrane FMA:64017 mucosa of glottis OBOL:automatic mucosa of vocal cord A mucosa that is part of a vocal cord [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of true vocal cord mucosa of uterine tube A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Obol]. FMA:18319 UBERON:0005048 fallopian tube mucosa fallopian tube mucosa of organ fallopian tube mucous membrane fallopian tube organ mucosa mucosa of fallopian tube mucosa of organ of fallopian tube mucosa of organ of uterine tube mucosa of oviduct mucous membrane of fallopian tube mucous membrane of uterine tube organ mucosa of fallopian tube organ mucosa of uterine tube tunica mucosa tubae uterinae uberon uterine tubal mucosa uterine tube mucosa uterine tube mucosa of organ uterine tube mucous membrane uterine tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of uterine tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic uterine tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic uterine tube mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of uterine tube FMA:18319 uterine tubal mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of uterine tube OBOL:automatic fallopian tube mucosa OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic uterine tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic fallopian tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic uterine tube mucous membrane FMA:18319 FMA:TA tunica mucosa tubae uterinae A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of fallopian tube FMA:18319 mucosa of oviduct OBOL:automatic fallopian tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic fallopian tube mucous membrane mucosa of infundibulum of uterine tube A mucosa that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum [Obol]. FMA:18357 UBERON:0005049 mucosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube mucosa of infundibulum of oviduct mucosa of organ of uterine tube infundibulum mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum mucous membrane of uterine tube infundibulum organ mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum uberon uterine tube infundibulum mucosa uterine tube infundibulum mucosa of organ uterine tube infundibulum mucous membrane uterine tube infundibulum organ mucosa FMA:18357 mucosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of uterine tube infundibulum OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum FMA:18357 mucosa of infundibulum of oviduct OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of uterine tube infundibulum A mucosa that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum liver papillary process FMA:14506 MA:0001643 SCTID:271187002 UBERON:0005050 papillary process of caudate lobe of liver processus papillaris uberon FMA:14506 processus papillaris FMA:14506 papillary process of caudate lobe of liver mediastinum testis EMAPA:18331 FMA:19812 SCTID:362279007 The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near the lower extremity of the testis, and is wider above than below. From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide the interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete testis and blood vessels of the testis in their passage to and from the substance of the gland[WP] UBERON:0005051 body of highmore http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg/200px-Hodenschema.svg.png mediastinum of testis testis mediastinum uberon FMA:19812 testis mediastinum The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near the lower extremity of the testis, and is wider above than below. From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide the interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete testis and blood vessels of the testis in their passage to and from the substance of the gland[WP] Wikipedia:Mediastinum_testis FMA:19812 mediastinum of testis FMA:19812 body of highmore gizzard AO notes: BTO also includes: A thickened part of the alimentary canal in some animals (as an insect or an earthworm) that is similar in function to the crop of a bird. However, we are refering to the Aves structure here BTO:0000520 GAID:1238 MESH:A.13.853.363 The muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus. UBERON:0005052 gastric mill gigerium ncithesaurus:Gizzard uberon ventriculus Wikipedia:Gizzard ventriculus Wikipedia:Gizzard gastric mill BTO:0000520 The muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus. Wikipedia:Gizzard Wikipedia:Gizzard gigerium cjm Wikipedia nerve cord BILA:0000136 BTO:0001656 UBERON:0005053 uberon dorsal nerve cord BTO:0002329 The dorsal tubular cord of nervous tissue above the notochord of a chordate that comprises or develops into the central nervous system[BTO]. The nerve cord of chordates develops dorsally in the body as a hollow tube above the notochord. In most species it differentiates in embryogeny into the brain anteriorly and spinal cord that runs through the trunk and tail. Together the brain and spinal cord are the central nervous system to which peripheral sensory and motor nerves connect[TOL]. The dorsal nerve cord is one of the embryonic features unique to chordates, along with a notochord, a post-anal tail and pharyngeal slits. The dorsal nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord. It is formed from a part of the ectoderm that rolls, forming the hollow tube, compared to other animal phyla, which have solid, ventral tubes. The dorsal nerve cord is later modified into the brain and spinal cord. Dorsal nerve cord is mainly found in phylum Vertebrata[WP]. UBERON:0005054 uberon BTO:0002329 The dorsal tubular cord of nervous tissue above the notochord of a chordate that comprises or develops into the central nervous system[BTO]. The nerve cord of chordates develops dorsally in the body as a hollow tube above the notochord. In most species it differentiates in embryogeny into the brain anteriorly and spinal cord that runs through the trunk and tail. Together the brain and spinal cord are the central nervous system to which peripheral sensory and motor nerves connect[TOL]. The dorsal nerve cord is one of the embryonic features unique to chordates, along with a notochord, a post-anal tail and pharyngeal slits. The dorsal nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord. It is formed from a part of the ectoderm that rolls, forming the hollow tube, compared to other animal phyla, which have solid, ventral tubes. The dorsal nerve cord is later modified into the brain and spinal cord. Dorsal nerve cord is mainly found in phylum Vertebrata[WP]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_nerve_cord http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 zone of long bone An organ part that is part of a long bone [Obol]. FMA:24008 UBERON:0005055 long bone zone uberon An organ part that is part of a long bone [Obol]. OBOL:automatic external female genitalia An external reproductive organ that is part of a female reproductive system [Obol]. BTO:0003100 EMAPA:30984 FMA:45649 SCTID:362234008 UBERON:0005056 external female genital organ external genitalia of female reproductive system female external genitalia galen:FemaleExternalGenitalia organa genitalia feminina externa uberon BTO:0003100 external female genital organ OBOL:automatic external genitalia of female reproductive system An external reproductive organ that is part of a female reproductive system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:45649 female external genitalia BTO:0003100 organa genitalia feminina externa immune organ An organ that is part of a immune system [Obol]. UBERON:0005057 uberon An organ that is part of a immune system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic hemolymphoid system gland A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Obol]. MA:0002962 UBERON:0005058 hemopoietic or lymphoid gland hemopoietic or lymphoid organ uberon GO:0048534 hemopoietic or lymphoid organ GOC:cjm hemopoietic or lymphoid gland A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic Drosophila lymph gland UBERON:0005059 out of scope true uberon neural groove AAO:0011071 SCTID:361463007 The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. UBERON:0005061 XAO:0000248 ncithesaurus:Neural_Groove uberon GO:0001842 GOC:cjm The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. neural fold EHDAA2:0001249 EMAPA:16090 EMAPA:16093 EMAPA:16142 EMAPA:16146 EMAPA:16151 EMAPA:16155 EMAPA:16159 EMAPA:16162 EMAPA:16288 EMAPA:16292 EMAPA:16295 EMAPA:16299 EMAPA:16303 EMAPA:16307 EMAPA:16528 One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove. SCTID:361461009 UBERON:0005062 XAO:0004087 medullary fold ncithesaurus:Neural_Fold uberon MP:0011256 medullary fold GO:0001842 MP:0011256 One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove. left ventricular compact myocardium . UBERON:0005063 uberon GO . GO:0003224 left ventricular trabecular myocardium . UBERON:0005064 uberon GO . GO:0003225 right ventricular compact myocardium . UBERON:0005065 uberon . GO:0003226 GO right ventricular trabecular myocardium . UBERON:0005066 uberon . GO:0003227 GO amphid sensory organ Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes[GO]. UBERON:0005067 WBbt:0005391 amphid sensillum uberon Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes[GO]. GO:0003386 neural rod EFO:0003498 TAO:0000133 UBERON:0005068 ZFA:0000133 a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. uberon GO:0014024 ZFA:0000133 a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. neural fold hinge point The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube[GO]. UBERON:0005069 uberon GO:0021504 The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube[GO]. anterior neuropore EHDAA2:0004203 EMAPA:16523 GO def of anterior neuropore closure is: The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001768 SCTID:361478000 The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete[GO]. UBERON:0005070 VHOG:0000768 cephalic neuropore cranial neuropore rostral neuropore uberon UBERON:cjm cranial neuropore SCTID:361478000 cephalic neuropore GO:0021506 The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete[GO]. EMAPA:16523 rostral neuropore posterior neuropore EHDAA2:0000676 EHDAA:900 EMAPA:16526 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000223 SCTID:361479008 The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete[GO]. UBERON:0005071 VHOG:0000769 caudal neuropore uberon EMAPA:16526 caudal neuropore GO:0021507 The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete[GO]. preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system UBERON:0005073 uberon postganglionic parasympathetic nervous system UBERON:0005074 uberon forebrain-midbrain boundary TAO:0001367 UBERON:0005075 ZFA:0001367 forebrain midbrain boundary uberon ZFA:0001367 forebrain midbrain boundary definitional hindbrain-spinal cord boundary UBERON:0005076 uberon neuropore Joined neural folds at either end of the neural tube.[GO]. SCTID:360408007 UBERON:0005077 uberon GO:0021995 Joined neural folds at either end of the neural tube.[GO]. lamina terminalis . AAO:0000881 BM:LT EHDAA2:0000903 EMAPA:16649 EMAPA:16904 FMA:61975 SCTID:361483008 UBERON:0005078 uberon . GO:0021996 eggshell BTO:0001716 MESH:A.13.316 UBERON:0005079 WBbt:0005843 a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration[GO]. egg shell uberon GO:0030703 Wikipedia:Eggshell a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration[GO]. BTO:0001716 egg shell metanephric ureteric bud UBERON:0005080 the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]. uberon GO:0035502 the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]. ureter ureteric bud The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]. UBERON:0005081 uberon GO:0035503 The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]. tube lumen A hole in a tube[GO]. AEO:0000078 EHDAA2:0004618 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003078 UBERON:0005082 uberon A hole in a tube[GO]. GO:0060609 nipple sheath UBERON:0005083 a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout[GO]. uberon GO:0060659 a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout[GO]. ectodermal placode An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO] Homology: With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. Editor notes: consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm UBERON:0005085 uberon An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO] GO:0060788 hair follicle placode An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud[GO]. UBERON:0005086 hair gem hair peg uberon vibrissa placode GO An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud[GO]. GO:0060789 ISBN:9780878932504 hair gem ISBN:9780878932504 hair peg tooth placode An tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud[GO]. BTO:0001511 MESH:A.14.254.900.720 TAO:0001153 UBERON:0005087 ZFA:0001153 dental placode dental primordium odontogenic placode tooth germ uberon ZFA Obol:automatic odontogenic placode GO Obol:automatic dental placode ZFA:0001153 dental primordium An tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud[GO]. GO:0060790 ZFA:0001153 tooth germ sebaceous gland placode A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud[GO]. UBERON:0005088 todo - add bud uberon A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud[GO]. GO:0060791 GO sweat gland placode An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud[GO]. UBERON:0005089 todo - add bud uberon An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud[GO]. GO:0060793 GO muscle structure FBbt:00005073 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. UBERON:0005090 uberon GO:0061061 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. left horn of sinus venosus EHDAA2:0001840 EHDAA:482 EMAPA:16238 FMA:70321 UBERON:0005091 VHOG:0000488 uberon FMA right horn of sinus venosus EHDAA2:0001841 EHDAA:484 EMAPA:16239 FMA:70318 UBERON:0005092 VHOG:0000489 uberon FMA cement gland A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm[XAO]. AAO:0010373 BTO:0002738 UBERON:0005093 XAO:0000033 uberon A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm[XAO]. GO:0071570 XAO:0000033 beak MESH:A.13.114 TODO - add superclass The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary ramaphotheca, mandibular ramaphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus[GO]. The beak, bill or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds which is used for eating and for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, probing for food, courtship and feeding young. The term beak is also used to refer to a similar mouthpart in some Ornithischian dinosaurs, monotremes, cephalopods, cetaceans, pufferfishes, turtles, Anuran tadpoles and sirens[WP]. UBERON:0005094 avian beak bill rostrum uberon GO:0071728 The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary ramaphotheca, mandibular ramaphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus[GO]. The beak, bill or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds which is used for eating and for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, probing for food, courtship and feeding young. The term beak is also used to refer to a similar mouthpart in some Ornithischian dinosaurs, monotremes, cephalopods, cetaceans, pufferfishes, turtles, Anuran tadpoles and sirens[WP]. Wikipedia:Beak kidney rudiment . UBERON:0005095 uberon . GO:0072003 GO descending thin limb EMAPA:28325 EMAPA:28355 EMAPA:29681 FMA:17719 MA:0002625 The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle[GO]. UBERON:0005096 UBERON:0005165 descending limb of henle%27s loop descending limb of loop of henle descending thin limb of loop of Henle loop of Henle descending thin limb loop of henle thin descending limb pars descendens (tubulus attenuatus) thin descending limb thin descending limb of loop of henle thin descending limb of the loop of henle thin descending loop of henle uberon Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle descending limb of loop of henle FMA:17719 pars descendens (tubulus attenuatus) Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle thin descending loop of henle Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle thin descending limb of loop of henle GO:0072022 The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle[GO]. Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle thin descending limb of the loop of henle MA:0002625 loop of henle thin descending limb Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle descending limb of henle%27s loop connecting tubule BTO:0004539 EMAPA:27758 EMAPA:27790 EMAPA:27865 EMAPA:28011 MA:0002610 The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]. UBERON:0005097 renal connecting tubule tubulus renalis arcuatus uberon Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule tubulus renalis arcuatus GO:0072027 The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]. Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule Wikipedia MA:0002610 renal connecting tubule short descending thin limb TODO - epithelium types The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]. UBERON:0005099 uberon GO:0072063 The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]. long descending thin limb The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla[GO]. UBERON:0005100 uberon GO:0072064 The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla[GO]. early distal convoluted tubule EMAPA:28393 The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]. UBERON:0005101 uberon GO:0072067 The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]. late distal convoluted tubule EMAPA:28393 TODO - CL The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]. UBERON:0005102 uberon GO:0072068 The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]. mesonephric epithelium An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Obol]. UBERON:0005103 uberon An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Obol]. OBOL:automatic anterior mesonephric tubule The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005104 uberon GO:0072165 The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. posterior mesonephric tubule EMAPA:30571 EMAPA:30574 The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005105 uberon GO:0072166 The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. metanephric tubule A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005106 VHOG:0001526 uberon A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072173 metanephric cap EMAPA:27621 MA:0002997 TODO - check EMAPA The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip[GO]. Mesenchyme closely apposed to the tips of the buds is called cap mesenchyme; it will later go on to form nephrons etc[GUDMAP]. UBERON:0005107 cap mesenchyme uberon EMAPA:27621 cap mesenchyme GO:0072185 The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip[GO]. Mesenchyme closely apposed to the tips of the buds is called cap mesenchyme; it will later go on to form nephrons etc[GUDMAP]. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron metanephric epithelium An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure[GO]. UBERON:0005108 uberon An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure[GO]. GO:0072207 metanephric smooth muscle tissue Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros. UBERON:0005109 uberon Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros. GO:0072208 UBERON:cjm metanephric nephron A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005110 UBERON:0005142 VHOG:0000719 uberon Wikipedia Wikipedia:Nephron A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072273 metanephric pyramid Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]. UBERON:0005111 uberon GO:0072211 Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]. metanephric cortex mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001140 UBERON:0005113 uberon EHDAA2 metanephric ascending thin limb The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO]. UBERON:0005114 uberon GO:0072218 The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO]. metanephric cortical collecting duct The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex[GO]. UBERON:0005115 uberon GO:0072219 The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex[GO]. metanephric descending thin limb It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle[GO]. UBERON:0005116 uberon GO:0072220 It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle[GO]. metanephric distal convoluted tubule The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO]. UBERON:0005117 uberon GO:0072221 The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO]. metanephric early distal convoluted tubule The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]. UBERON:0005118 uberon GO:0072222 The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]. metanephric glomerular mesangium The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus[GO]. UBERON:0005119 uberon GO:0072223 The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus[GO]. metanephric late distal convoluted tubule The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]. UBERON:0005120 uberon GO:0072225 The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]. metanephric long descending thin limb bend The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005121 uberon GO:0072226 The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric macula densa The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. UBERON:0005122 uberon GO:0072227 The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. metanephric prebend segment The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability[GO]. UBERON:0005123 uberon GO:0072228 The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability[GO]. metanephric proximal convoluted tubule The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO]. UBERON:0005124 uberon GO:0072229 The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO]. metanephric proximal straight tubule The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO]. UBERON:0005125 todo - place mammalian xrefs here rather than at parent uberon GO:0072230 The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO]. metanephric S1 The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. UBERON:0005126 uberon GO:0072231 The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. metanephric thick ascending limb At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule[GO]. UBERON:0005127 uberon At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule[GO]. GO:0072233 metanephric distal tubule The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO]. UBERON:0005129 UBERON:0005150 uberon GO:0072235 The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO]. metanephric loop of Henle The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005130 uberon GO:0072236 The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric long nephron Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005132 uberon GO:0072238 Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric glomerulus vasculature The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus[GO]. UBERON:0005133 UBERON:0005143 uberon GO:0072239 The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus[GO]. metanephric nephron epithelium The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005134 uberon GO:0072243 The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric glomerular epithelium A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005135 uberon A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072244 metanephric glomerular endothelium The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005136 uberon GO:0072264 The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros[GO]. metanephric capsule The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage[GO]. UBERON:0005112 UBERON:0005137 uberon GO:0072213 The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage[GO]. metanephric long descending thin limb The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla[GO]. UBERON:0005139 uberon GO:0072269 The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla[GO]. metanephric short nephron Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb[GO]. UBERON:0005140 uberon GO:0072270 Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb[GO]. metanephric short descending thin limb The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]. UBERON:0005141 uberon GO:0072271 The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]. metanephric glomerular capillary This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO]. UBERON:0005144 uberon GO:0072277 This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO]. metanephric comma-shaped body The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005145 uberon GO:0072278 The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric nephron tubule A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005128 UBERON:0005146 UBERON:0005152 uberon A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072282 ISBN:9780878932504 metanephric renal vesicle EHDAA2:0001245 EHDAA:9346 EMAPA:27678 EMAPA:27829 The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. UBERON:0005147 metanephric vesicle uberon GO:0072283 The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. EHDAA2 metanephric S-shaped body The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005148 uberon todo - automate GO:0072284 The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric connecting tubule The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005149 uberon GO:0072286 The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric proximal tubule The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. UBERON:0005131 UBERON:0005151 uberon GO:0072288 The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. epithelial bud A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. UBERON:0005153 uberon A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. GO:0060572 epithelial cord EHDAA2:0004052 TODO - add superclass of developing structure UBERON:0005154 uberon open tracheal system An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. BTO:0003870 FBbt:00005024 SPD:0000427 TADS:0000043 UBERON:0005155 invertebrate tracheal system open tracheal system tracheal system uberon An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GO:0007424 FBbt:00005024 tracheal system reproductive structure An anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. UBERON:0005156 reproductive system structure uberon An anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. GOC:cjm epithelial fold An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. UBERON:0005157 uberon An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. GO:0060571 parenchyma of central nervous system A parenchyma that is part of a central nervous system [Obol]. CNS parenchyma UBERON:0005158 central nervous system parenchyma parenchyma of CNS parenchyma of central nervous system uberon OBOL:automatic central nervous system parenchyma OBOL:automatic parenchyma of CNS CNS parenchyma OBOL:automatic A parenchyma that is part of a central nervous system [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pyramid of medulla oblongata BM:Me-Py FMA:75254 SCTID:9535007 The anterior or ventral portion of the medulla oblongata is named the pyramid and lies between the anterior median fissure and the antero-lateral sulcus. Its upper end is slightly constricted, and between it and the pons the fibers of the abducent nerve emerge; a little below the pons it becomes enlarged and prominent, and finally tapers into the anterior funiculus of the medulla spinalis, with which, at first sight, it appears to be directly continuous[WP]. UBERON:0005159 lobule VIII of Larsell medullary pyramid pyramid of medulla pyramid of medulla oblongata uberon FMA:75254 lobule VIII of Larsell The anterior or ventral portion of the medulla oblongata is named the pyramid and lies between the anterior median fissure and the antero-lateral sulcus. Its upper end is slightly constricted, and between it and the pons the fibers of the abducent nerve emerge; a little below the pons it becomes enlarged and prominent, and finally tapers into the anterior funiculus of the medulla spinalis, with which, at first sight, it appears to be directly continuous[WP]. Wikipedia:Pyramid_(brainstem) Wikipedia:Pyramid_(brainstem) pyramid of medulla oblongata FMA:75254 medullary pyramid FMA:75254 pyramid of medulla vestigial structure UBERON:0005160 uberon pelvic spur Pelvic spurs are the externally visible portion of the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons[1]. The remnants of a pelvis and femur, which have no connection with the spine, simply 'float' in the muscle mass[1]. The femur protrudes from the snake's body and is covered by a corneal spur, which resembles a claw[1]. Males' spurs are generally longer and more pointed than females', and are used for clasping and tickling during courtship and mating[2], as well as combat with other males in some species UBERON:0005161 anal spur uberon Pelvic spurs are the externally visible portion of the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons[1]. The remnants of a pelvis and femur, which have no connection with the spine, simply 'float' in the muscle mass[1]. The femur protrudes from the snake's body and is covered by a corneal spur, which resembles a claw[1]. Males' spurs are generally longer and more pointed than females', and are used for clasping and tickling during courtship and mating[2], as well as combat with other males in some species Wikipedia:Pelvic_spur Wikipedia:Anal_spur anal spur multi-cell-component structure A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FBbt:00007060 UBERON:0005162 uberon A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. CARO:0001000 ascending limb of loop of Henle FMA:17717 MA:0001676 SCTID:245434005 TODO: thick/thin check. Also relationship to distal tubule. We need a home for MA:0002634-renal straight tubule UBERON:0005164 ascending limb ascending limb of Henle's loop distal straight tubule loop of Henle ascending limb ncithesaurus:Ascending_Limb_of_the_Henle_s_Loop the distal part of the loop of Henle that is impermeable to water and actively pumps sodium out of the filtrate to generate the hypertonic interstitium that drives countercurrent exchange; it consists of an initial very thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium followed by a distal thick segment lined by simple cuboidal epithelium[MP]. uberon MP:0011342 loop of Henle ascending limb MP:0011342 Wikipedia:Ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle the distal part of the loop of Henle that is impermeable to water and actively pumps sodium out of the filtrate to generate the hypertonic interstitium that drives countercurrent exchange; it consists of an initial very thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium followed by a distal thick segment lined by simple cuboidal epithelium[MP]. papillary duct BTO:0004540 Bellini's duct MA:0001646 SCTID:110623009 The terminal portions of the medullary collecting ducts are the papillary ducts, which end at the renal papilla and empty into a minor calyx. UBERON:0005167 duct of Bellini papillary duct of kidney uberon SCTID:110623009 papillary duct of kidney Encyclopedia:http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/ The terminal portions of the medullary collecting ducts are the papillary ducts, which end at the renal papilla and empty into a minor calyx. Bellini's duct MP:0011331 interlobular vein EMAPA:28218 FMA:71634 MA:0002594 The venae stellatae join to form the interlobular veins, which pass inward between the rays, receive branches from the plexuses around the convoluted tubules, and, having arrived at the bases of the renal pyramids, join with the venae rectae UBERON:0005168 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png uberon venae interlobulares renis venae interlobulares renis Wikipedia:Interlobular_veins venae interlobulares renis FMA:71634 FMA:TA venae interlobulares renis The venae stellatae join to form the interlobular veins, which pass inward between the rays, receive branches from the plexuses around the convoluted tubules, and, having arrived at the bases of the renal pyramids, join with the venae rectae Wikipedia:Interlobular_veins interstitial tissue Editors note: specify differentia from stroma FMA:86301 SCTID:85293002 UBERON:0005169 connective tissue between the cellular elements of a structure. interstitium uberon connective tissue between the cellular elements of a structure. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tissue FMA ovary stratum granulosum FMA:18660 MA:0001460 SCTID:258971005 TAO:0001112 UBERON:0005170 ZFA:0001112 granulosa cell layer of ovarian follicle membrana granulosa of ovarian follicle stratum granulosum of ovarian follicle uberon FMA:18660 granulosa cell layer of ovarian follicle FMA:18660 stratum granulosum of ovarian follicle FMA:18660 membrana granulosa of ovarian follicle hepatic duct EHDAA2:0000741 EHDAA:3049 EMAPA:16843 EMAPA:18672 MA:0000357 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWo8WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:245399002 TAO:0001100 TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine[ZFA]. UBERON:0005171 VHOG:0000219 ZFA:0001100 galen:HepaticDuct ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Duct uberon GO:0061011 The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine[ZFA]. abdomen organ An organ that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. MA:0000522 SCTID:272631008 UBERON:0005172 uberon An organ that is part of an abdomen [Obol]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment organ MA:0000529 UBERON:0005173 uberon back organ An organ that is part of a back [Obol]. MA:0001901 UBERON:0005174 uberon An organ that is part of a back [Obol]. OBOL:automatic chest organ An organ that is part of a chest [Obol]. MA:0000552 UBERON:0005175 uberon An organ that is part of a chest [Obol]. OBOL:automatic tooth enamel organ BTO:0001722 Development notes: NOT develeops_from NC[UBERONREF:0000002]. Alternate definitioon: A cellular aggregation seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies above a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the dental papilla. Historically, enamel organ has been the term to describe this structure, but it was attempted unsuccessfully in recent years to change the name to dental organ in order to better represent its multiple functions apart from enamel formation[WP] Epithelial cells surrounding the dental papilla and differentiated into three layers: the inner enamel epithelium, consisting of ameloblasts which eventually form the enamel, and the enamel pulp and external enamel epithelium, both of which atrophy and disappear before and upon eruption of the tooth, respectively[MESH]. MA:0001604 MESH:A.14.254.900.720.265 SCTID:362863002 TAO:0005138 UBERON:0005176 ZFA:0005138 dental organ enamel organ organum enameleum uberon UBERONREF:0000002 BTO Wikipedia:Enamel_organ organum enameleum ZFA BTO ZFA:0005138 dental organ MP:0010747 enamel organ Epithelial cells surrounding the dental papilla and differentiated into three layers: the inner enamel epithelium, consisting of ameloblasts which eventually form the enamel, and the enamel pulp and external enamel epithelium, both of which atrophy and disappear before and upon eruption of the tooth, respectively[MESH]. MESH:A.14.254.900.720.265 Wikipedia:Enamel_organ_organ trunk organ An organ that is part of a trunk [Obol]. MA:0000516 UBERON:0005177 uberon An organ that is part of a trunk [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity organ An organ that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. MA:0000557 UBERON:0005178 uberon An organ that is part of a thoracic cavity [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pelvis organ An organ that is part of the pelvic region[Obol]. MA:0000543 UBERON:0005179 uberon An organ that is part of the pelvic region[Obol]. OBOL:automatic lymph organ An organ that is part of a lymph [Obol]. UBERON:0005180 true uberon An organ that is part of a lymph [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thoracic segment organ MA:0000563 UBERON:0005181 uberon upper body organ MA:0000563 upper body organ hair medulla BTO:0004671 Innermost layer of the hair shaft. MA:0000158 SCTID:318929009 UBERON:0005184 medulla of hair shaft uberon Innermost layer of the hair shaft. Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_(hair) BTO:0004671 medulla of hair shaft renal medulla collecting duct A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a renal medulla [Obol]. EMAPA:28061 MA:0002935 UBERON:0005185 medullary collecting duct uberon EMAPA:28061 medullary collecting duct A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a renal medulla [Obol]. OBOL:automatic outer renal medulla collecting duct A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Obol]. MA:0002599 UBERON:0005186 uberon A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic inner renal medulla collecting duct A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. MA:0002598 UBERON:0005187 papillary collecting duct uberon A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0002598 papillary collecting duct caput epididymis UBERON:0004358 UBERON:0005188 true uberon corpus epididymis UBERON:0004359 UBERON:0005189 true uberon cauda epididymis UBERON:0004360 UBERON:0005190 true uberon cervical artery An artery that is part of a uterine cervix [Obol]. MA:0001936 UBERON:0005191 ncithesaurus:Cervical_Artery uberon An artery that is part of a uterine cervix [Obol]. OBOL:automatic deferent duct artery An artery that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. MA:0001940 UBERON:0005192 uberon An artery that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. OBOL:automatic ethmoidal artery An artery that is part of a ethmoid [Obol]. MA:0001949 SCTID:244222007 UBERON:0005193 ncithesaurus:Ethmoidal_Artery uberon An artery that is part of a ethmoid [Obol]. OBOL:automatic thoracic vein A vein that is part of a thorax [Obol]. MA:0002235 SCTID:281472008 UBERON:0005194 ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vein uberon A vein that is part of a thorax [Obol]. OBOL:automatic deferent duct vein A vein that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. MA:0002100 UBERON:0005195 uberon A vein that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]. OBOL:automatic spleen germinal center A germinal center that is part of the spleen. The spleen germinal center is located in a secondary B follicle in the white pulp of the spleen. MA:0000764 UBERON:0005196 germinal center of spleen ncithesaurus:Spleen_Germinal_Center spleen GC spleen follicle center splenic germinal center uberon CL:tm MP:0008474 spleen GC MP:0008474 splenic germinal center MP:0008474 spleen follicle center A germinal center that is part of the spleen. The spleen germinal center is located in a secondary B follicle in the white pulp of the spleen. CL:tm https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/6 segmental spinal nerve EHDAA2:0001822 EHDAA:3778 EMAPA:16990 EMAPA:25149 MA:0000234 UBERON:0005197 VHOG:0000920 cervical segmental spinal nerves C1-7 todo - check uberon EHDAA2:0001822 cervical segmental spinal nerves C1-7 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 MA coat hair bulb UBERON:0005198 true uberon cervical mammary gland MA:0000789 UBERON:0005199 uberon thoracic mammary gland A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast. EHDAA2:0001056 EHDAA:6524 FMA:62088 MA:0000797 Most primates have one pair of mammary glands, which are thoracic. SCTID:31448001 UBERON:0005200 anterior mammary gland breast mammary gland lactiferous gland mammary gland uberon Wikipedia:Mammary_gland#Other_mammals anterior mammary gland FMA:62088 lactiferous gland FMA:62088 mammary gland A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Mammary_gland#Other_mammals BTO cervical trunk UBERON:0005201 http://www.informatics.jax.org/cookbook/figures/figure97.shtml true uberon was obsolete as it was defined incorrectly. See Fig97 of The Anatomy of the Laboratory Mouse. May be included in future versions of this ontology that include more detailed relationships and comparisons of the arterial system distal straight tubule macula densa A macula densa that is part of an ascending limb of loop of Henle [Obol]. EMAPA:28399 MA:0002604 UBERON:0005202 todo - unify terminology - check DST = TAL? Note EMAPA class appears to refer to this segment uberon A macula densa that is part of an ascending limb of loop of Henle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA MA trachea gland A gland that is part of a submucosa of trachea [Obol]. FMA:7473 MA:0002937 SCTID:197423006 UBERON:0005203 glandula trachealis tubular seromucous gland of trachea uberon FMA:7473 glandula trachealis FMA:7473 tubular seromucous gland of trachea A gland that is part of a submucosa of trachea [Obol]. OBOL:automatic larynx submucosa gland A gland that is part of a larynx submucosa [Obol]. MA:0002729 UBERON:0005204 uberon A gland that is part of a larynx submucosa [Obol]. OBOL:automatic vagina stroma MA:0002737 UBERON:0005205 uberon choroid plexus stroma A stroma that is part of a choroid plexus [Obol]. MA:0000825 UBERON:0005206 uberon A stroma that is part of a choroid plexus [Obol]. OBOL:automatic tonsil capsule A capsule that is part of a tonsil [Obol]. MA:0000776 UBERON:0005207 uberon A capsule that is part of a tonsil [Obol]. OBOL:automatic right atrium valve A valve that is part of a right atrium [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000302 EMAPA:17327 MA:0001871 UBERON:0005208 right atrium valves uberon valve of right atrium EMAPA:17327 valve of right atrium EHDAA2:0000302 right atrium valves A valve that is part of a right atrium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic renal medulla interstitium EMAPA:18326 Function notes: It functions in renal water reabsorption by building up a high hypertonicity, which draws water out of the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. This hypertonicity, in turn, is created by an efflux of urea from the inner medullary collecting duct. MA:0002619 UBERON:0005211 kidney medulla interstitium tissue surrounding the loop of Henle in the renal medulla.. uberon MA:0002619 kidney medulla interstitium Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_interstitium tissue surrounding the loop of Henle in the renal medulla.. MA testis interstitial tissue EMAPA:18687 MA:0002713 SCTID:362280005 The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.. UBERON:0005212 interstitium of testis interstitium of the testis testis - interstitial testis interstitium uberon UBERON:cjm testis - interstitial EMAPA:18687 interstitium of the testis UBERON:cjm testis interstitium MESH:A.05.360.444.849 The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.. UBERON:cjm interstitium of testis outer renal medulla interstitium A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Obol]. EMAPA:28337 MA:0002621 UBERON:0005213 outer medullary interstitium uberon EMAPA:28337 outer medullary interstitium A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic inner renal medulla interstitium A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. EMAPA:28364 MA:0002620 UBERON:0005214 inner medullary interstitium uberon EMAPA:28364 inner medullary interstitium A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic kidney interstitium EMAPA:27690 FMA:70983 MA:0002616 The interstitium of the kidney comprises the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances. As we define it here, the interstitium is bounded on all sides by tubular and vascular basement membranes. UBERON:0005215 renal interstitium renal stroma uberon The interstitium of the kidney comprises the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances. As we define it here, the interstitium is bounded on all sides by tubular and vascular basement membranes. doi:10.1038/ki.1991.49 FMA:70983 renal stroma FMA:70983 renal interstitium optic eminence surface ectoderm An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Obol]. EMAPA:16539 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001311 UBERON:0005216 VHOG:0000520 uberon An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Obol]. OBOL:automatic midbrain subarachnoid space A subarachnoid space that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. EMAPA:19055 UBERON:0005217 VHOG:0001304 uberon A subarachnoid space that is part of a midbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic diencephalon subarachnoid space A subarachnoid space that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. EMAPA:19053 EMAPA:25079 UBERON:0005218 VHOG:0001302 uberon A subarachnoid space that is part of a diencephalon [Obol]. OBOL:automatic hindbrain subarachnoid space A subarachnoid space that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. EMAPA:18211 UBERON:0005219 VHOG:0001303 uberon A subarachnoid space that is part of a hindbrain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pancreas head parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a head of pancreas [Obol]. UBERON:0005220 VHOG:0000838 uberon A parenchyma that is part of a head of pancreas [Obol]. OBOL:automatic liver right lobe parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001010 EMAPA:18317 FMA:71657 UBERON:0005221 VHOG:0000840 parenchyma of right lobe of liver uberon A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71657 parenchyma of right lobe of liver liver left lobe parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001002 EMAPA:18310 FMA:71658 UBERON:0005222 VHOG:0000839 parenchyma of left lobe of liver uberon A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:71658 parenchyma of left lobe of liver pancreas body parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a body of pancreas [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001370 UBERON:0005223 VHOG:0000837 uberon A parenchyma that is part of a body of pancreas [Obol]. OBOL:automatic pancreas tail parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a tail of pancreas [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001392 UBERON:0005224 VHOG:0000469 uberon A parenchyma that is part of a tail of pancreas [Obol]. OBOL:automatic upper leg epithelium An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002131 EMAPA:17500 UBERON:0005225 VHOG:0001041 uberon An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 foot digit epithelium An epithelium that is part of a toe [Obol]. UBERON:0005226 VHOG:0001031 toe epithelium uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 An epithelium that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic hand digit epithelium An epithelium that is part of a finger [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000406 UBERON:0005227 VHOG:0001032 finger epithelium uberon EHDAA2 An epithelium that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic upper arm epithelium An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002113 EMAPA:17425 UBERON:0005228 VHOG:0000990 uberon An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 lower leg epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001031 EMAPA:17497 UBERON:0005229 VHOG:0001050 uberon An epithelium that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 fundus epithelium UBERON:0005230 obsoleted due to confusion between ocular fundus and other types of fundus true uberon medial-nasal process ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001078 EMAPA:16809 UBERON:0005233 VHOG:0000803 uberon EHDAA2 An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 optic eminence ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Obol]. EHDAA:940 EMAPA:16323 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001309 UBERON:0005234 VHOG:0001105 uberon An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Obol]. OBOL:automatic osseus labyrinth vestibule A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. AAO:0000984 BTO:0003382 EV:0100366 FMA:60183 GAID:881 MA:0001185 MESH:A.09.246.631.909 SCTID:181188003 UBERON:0005236 VHOG:0001220 XAO:0000199 bony labyrinth vestibule inner ear vestibule inner ear vestibulum ncithesaurus:Vestibule osseous labyrinth vestibule uberon vestibular apparatus vestibule vestibule of bony labyrinth vestibulum labyrinthi, vestibulum auris FMA:60183 vestibule of bony labyrinth BTO:0003382 inner ear vestibule Obol:automatic osseous labyrinth vestibule A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. BTO:0003382 Wikipedia:Vestibule_of_the_ear XAO:0000199 vestibule Wikipedia:Vestibule_of_the_ear vestibulum labyrinthi, vestibulum auris BTO:0003382 inner ear vestibulum GAID:881 vestibular apparatus tensor tympani muscle A muscle organ that is part of a tensor tympani [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002002 EMAPA:18587 MESH:A.02.633.567.975 SCTID:244779001 UBERON:0005238 VHOG:0000698 uberon A muscle organ that is part of a tensor tympani [Obol]. OBOL:automatic basal plate metencephalon EHDAA2:0001154 EMAPA:17078 UBERON:0005239 VHOG:0000320 metencephalon basal plate uberon EHDAA2:0001154 metencephalon basal plate basal plate medulla oblongata EHDAA2:0001093 EMAPA:17557 UBERON:0005240 VHOG:0000324 medulla oblongata basal plate uberon EHDAA2:0001093 medulla oblongata basal plate apical ectodermal ridge forelimb A forelimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Obol]. UBERON:0005241 true uberon A forelimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Obol]. OBOL:automatic apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb A hindlimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Obol]. UBERON:0005242 true uberon A hindlimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Obol]. OBOL:automatic interventricular septum endocardium An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000886 EHDAA2:0000887 FMA:83584 UBERON:0005243 VHOG:0000615 endocardium of interventricular septum todo - split? uberon FMA:83584 endocardium of interventricular septum An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus of right lung cranial lobe A lobar bronchus that is part of a upper lobe of right lung [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001752 UBERON:0005244 VHOG:0000240 uberon A lobar bronchus that is part of a upper lobe of right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lobar bronchus of the right lung caudal lobe A lobar bronchus that is part of a lower lobe of right lung [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001744 UBERON:0005245 VHOG:0000250 uberon A lobar bronchus that is part of a lower lobe of right lung [Obol]. OBOL:automatic bulbus cordis myocardium A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Obol]. UBERON:0005248 VHOG:0000609 uberon A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Obol]. OBOL:automatic metanephric renal pelvis UBERON:0005249 VHOG:0000945 metanephros pelvis uberon VHOG:0000945 metanephros pelvis stomatodeum gland UBERON:0005250 VHOG:0000658 uberon yolk sac cavity An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Obol]. EMAPA:16055 FMA:63942 UBERON:0005251 VHOG:0000843 cavity of yolk sac uberon An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:63942 cavity of yolk sac omental bursa cavity An anatomical cavity that is part of a lesser sac [Obol]. EHDAA2:0004558 EMAPA:18458 EMAPA:18461 FMA:9702 UBERON:0005252 VHOG:0000827 cavity of lesser sac cavity of omental bursa cavity of omental bursa viewed anatomically lesser peritoneal sac lesser sac cavity note EHDAA2 uberon FMA:9702 cavity of omental bursa viewed anatomically FMA:9702 lesser peritoneal sac An anatomical cavity that is part of a lesser sac [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:9702 lesser sac cavity EHDAA2 FMA:9702 cavity of lesser sac FMA:9702 cavity of omental bursa head mesenchyme EFO:0003492 EHDAA2:0000732 EHDAA:179 EMAPA:16098 EMAPA:16269 Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. TAO:0000113 UBERON:0005253 VHOG:0000332 ZFA:0000113 cephalic mesenchyme uberon ZFA MP:0011260 cephalic mesenchyme ISBN:0683400088 MP:0011260 Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. upper leg mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002132 EMAPA:17501 UBERON:0005254 VHOG:0000506 uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic foot digit mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a toe [Obol]. UBERON:0005255 VHOG:0000463 toe mesenchyme uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a toe [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2 trunk mesenchyme EFO:0003485 EHDAA2:0002092 EHDAA:377 EMAPA:16177 TAO:0000081 UBERON:0005256 VHOG:0000281 ZFA:0000081 uberon hand digit mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a finger [Obol]. EHDAA2:0000407 Editor notes: In EHDAA2, the metacarpal cartilage condensation is considered part of the digits - it might be better to call the whole structure digital ray mesenchyme/condensation UBERON:0005257 VHOG:0001416 anterior limb digital ray mesenchyme finger mesenchyme hand digital ray mesenchyme uberon UBERON:cjm anterior limb digital ray mesenchyme UBERON:cjm hand digital ray mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a finger [Obol]. OBOL:automatic upper arm mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. EHDAA2:0002114 EMAPA:17426 UBERON:0005258 VHOG:0000505 uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]. OBOL:automatic lower leg mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001032 EMAPA:17498 UBERON:0005259 VHOG:0000752 uberon A mesenchyme that is part of a lower leg [Obol]. OBOL:automatic atrium cardiac jelly A cardiac jelly that is part of an atrium [Obol]. EMAPA:16690 EMAPA:16814 EMAPA:16821 UBERON:0005261 VHOG:0000941 uberon A cardiac jelly that is part of an atrium [Obol]. OBOL:automatic ventricle cardiac jelly A cardiac jelly that is part of a ventricle [Obol]. UBERON:0005262 VHOG:0000943 uberon A cardiac jelly that is part of a ventricle [Obol]. OBOL:automatic outflow tract cardiac jelly A cardiac jelly that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. EHDAA2:0001354 EMAPA:16230 EMAPA:16347 UBERON:0005263 VHOG:0000940 uberon A cardiac jelly that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]. OBOL:automatic midbrain neural fold UBERON:0005264 true uberon hindbrain neural fold UBERON:0005265 true uberon spinal cord neural fold UBERON:0005266 true uberon renal cortex collecting duct A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. MA:0002600 UBERON:0005267 uberon A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic renal cortex artery An artery that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. EMAPA:28035 MA:0002582 UBERON:0005268 kidney cortex artery renal cortex arterial system renal cortex artery uberon MA:0002582 renal cortex arterial system MA:0002582 renal cortex artery MP:0011314 kidney cortex artery An artery that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic renal cortex vein A vein that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. EMAPA:28152 MA:0002592 UBERON:0005269 kidney cortex vein renal cortex venous system uberon MA:0002592 renal cortex venous system A vein that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MP:0011322 kidney cortex vein renal cortex interstitium A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. EMAPA:28136 MA:0002608 UBERON:0005270 cortical stroma kidney cortex interstitium uberon MA MA A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a cortex of kidney [Obol]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:28136 cortical stroma MA:0002608 kidney cortex interstitium juxtamedullary cortex FMA:74288 KUPO:0001008 MA:0001648 UBERON:0005271 inner cortex of kidney inner renal cortex juxtamedullary cortex of kidney the part of the renal cortex nearest to the medulla. uberon FMA:74288 inner cortex of kidney http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/juxtamedullary+cortex the part of the renal cortex nearest to the medulla. KUPO:0001008 inner renal cortex FMA KUPO FMA:74288 juxtamedullary cortex of kidney peritubular capillary In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. Ions and minerals that need to be saved in the body are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries through active transport, secondary active transport, or transcytosis. The ions that need to be excreted as waste are secreted from the capillaries into the nephron to be sent towards the bladder and out of the body. The majority of exchange through the peritubular capillaries occurs because of chemical gradients, osmosis and Na+ pumps[WP]. MA:0002588 UBERON:0005272 uberon In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. Ions and minerals that need to be saved in the body are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries through active transport, secondary active transport, or transcytosis. The ions that need to be excreted as waste are secreted from the capillaries into the nephron to be sent towards the bladder and out of the body. The majority of exchange through the peritubular capillaries occurs because of chemical gradients, osmosis and Na+ pumps[WP]. Wikipedia:Peritubular_capillaries nail bed EV:0100158 MA:0002706 Region of skin beneath the nail plate[WP]. SCTID:181578005 UBERON:0005273 VHOG:0001362 uberon Region of skin beneath the nail plate[WP]. UBERON:gvg MA proximal nail bed MA:0002709 UBERON:0005274 uberon MA dorsal skin of digit UBERON:0005275 dorsal digit skin skin of dorsal part of digit uberon dorsal skin of finger FMA:38320 FMA:60346 UBERON:0005276 dorsal finger skin skin of dorsal part of finger subdivision of skin of dorsal part of finger this class is explicitly the union of the two FMA classes uberon FMA:38320 skin of dorsal part of finger FMA:60346 subdivision of skin of dorsal part of finger dorsal skin of toe FMA:37868 FMA:60523 UBERON:0005277 dorsal toe skin skin of dorsal part of toe subdivision of skin of dorsal part of toe this class is explicitly the union of the two FMA classes uberon FMA:37868 skin of dorsal part of toe FMA:60523 subdivision of skin of dorsal part of toe nail bed of finger FMA:60348 SCTID:244199003 UBERON:0005278 uberon nail bed of toe FMA:60529 SCTID:244200000 UBERON:0005279 uberon head mesoderm UBERON:0005280 UBERON:0006904 cranial mesoderm true uberon ventricular system of central nervous system EFO:0003650 EHDAA2:0004362 EV:0100306 FMA:242675 TAO:0001261 UBERON:0005281 ZFA:0001261 a set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png uberon ventricular system ventricular system of neuraxis ZFA:0001261 ventricular system Wikipedia:Ventricular_system a set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. FMA:242675 ventricular system of neuraxis ventricular system of brain EV:0100306 FMA:242787 UBERON:0005282 VHOG:0000005 brain ventricular system uberon VHOG:0000005 brain ventricular system tela choroidea EHDAA2:0000250 EHDAA:7567 EMAPA:17548 Editors note: TODO check relationship to choroid plexus - MP implies it is part of, as does WP. ZF def implies adjacency FMA:242849 Portion of tissue that is part of the primitive meninx which forms a fold, roofing a ventricle of the brain and supporting the choroid plexus[ZFA]. TAO:0000447 UBERON:0005283 ZFA:0000447 tela chorioidea uberon ISBN:0030223695 ISBN:0683014617 Portion of tissue that is part of the primitive meninx which forms a fold, roofing a ventricle of the brain and supporting the choroid plexus[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea ZFA:0000447 FMA:242849 tela chorioidea FMA brain vasculature A vasculature that is part of a brain [Obol]. EFO:0003491 FMA:242007 TAO:0000099 UBERON:0005284 ZFA:0000099 uberon vasculature of brain A vasculature that is part of a brain [Obol]. OBOL:automatic FMA:242007 vasculature of brain tela choroidea of tectal ventricle TAO:0005157 Tela choroidea that lines the tectal ventricle. UBERON:0005286 ZFA:0005157 tela chorioidea tectal ventricle tela choroidea of cerebral aqueduct tela choroidea tectal ventricle uberon ZFA:0005157 tela chorioidea tectal ventricle ZFA:0005157 tela choroidea tectal ventricle OBOL:automatic tela choroidea of cerebral aqueduct Tela choroidea that lines the tectal ventricle. ZFIN:curator tela choroidea of fourth ventricle FMA:78493 SCTID:362321009 TAO:0005158 Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle[ZFA]. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is the name applied to the triangular fold of pia mater which is carried upward between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It consists of two layers, which are continuous with each other in front, and are more or less adherent throughout: The posterior layer covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The anterior layer is applied to the structures which form the lower part of the roof of the ventricle, and is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior peduncles and closed part of the medulla[WP]. UBERON:0005287 ZFA:0005158 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-090922-200 choroid membrane choroid membrane of fourth ventricle tela chorioidea fourth ventricle tela choroidea tela choroidea fourth ventricle tela choroidea of fourth ventricle tela choroidea ventriculi quarti tela choroidea ventriculi quarti uberon FMA:78493 choroid membrane Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle[ZFA]. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is the name applied to the triangular fold of pia mater which is carried upward between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It consists of two layers, which are continuous with each other in front, and are more or less adherent throughout: The posterior layer covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The anterior layer is applied to the structures which form the lower part of the roof of the ventricle, and is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior peduncles and closed part of the medulla[WP]. Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_fourth_ventricle ZFIN:curator FMA:78493 choroid membrane of fourth ventricle Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_fourth_ventricle tela choroidea ventriculi quarti FMA:78493 FMA:TA tela choroidea ventriculi quarti FMA:78493 FMA:TA tela choroidea tela choroidea of third ventricle FMA:78463 SCTID:362320005 TAO:0005159 Tela chorioidea that lines the third ventricle[ZFA]. The part of the choroid plexus in relation to the body of the ventricle forms the vascular fringed margin of a triangular process of pia mater, named the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle, and projects from under cover of the lateral edge of the fornix. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery[WP]. UBERON:0005288 ZFA:0005159 choroid membrane of third ventricle tela chorioidea of third ventricle tela chorioidea third ventricle tela choroidea third ventricle tela choroidea ventriculi tertii tela choroidea ventriculi tertii uberon Tela chorioidea that lines the third ventricle[ZFA]. The part of the choroid plexus in relation to the body of the ventricle forms the vascular fringed margin of a triangular process of pia mater, named the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle, and projects from under cover of the lateral edge of the fornix. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery[WP]. Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_third_ventricle ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_third_ventricle tela choroidea ventriculi tertii FMA:78463 FMA:TA tela choroidea ventriculi tertii ZFA:0005159 tela chorioidea third ventricle FMA:78463 choroid membrane of third ventricle tela choroidea of telencephalic ventricle FMA:83712 SCTID:362319004 TAO:0005160 Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle. UBERON:0005289 ZFA:0005160 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-090922-202 tela chorioidea of lateral ventricle tela chorioidea of telencephalic ventricle tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle tela choroidea of lateral ventricle tela choroidea telencephalic ventricle uberon ZFA:0005160 tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle. ZFIN:curator myelencephalon BTO:0000758 EHDAA2:0001207 EHDAA:5526 EMAPA:17082 MA:0000205 The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. UBERON:0005290 VHOG:0000456 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes uberon definitional BTO:0000758 The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. Wikipedia:Myelencephalon embryonic tissue A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. UBERON:0005291 developing tissue portion of embryonic tissue uberon A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. OBOL:automatic OBOL:automatic portion of embryonic tissue extraembryonic tissue BTO:0003360 EFO:0001406 MAT:0000061 MIAA:0000061 Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. UBERON:0005292 extra-embryonic tissue uberon Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. UBERON:cjm cerebellum lobe FMA:242392 MA:0002963 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1076 SCTID:263971006 UBERON:0005293 cerebellar lobe lobe of cerebellum lobe parts of the cerebellar cortex uberon FMA:242392 cerebellar lobe NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1076 lobe parts of the cerebellar cortex FMA:242392 lobe of cerebellum genital ridge AAO:0011047 EHDAA2:0004044 SCTID:361399001 TODO - check developmental relationships. merge with urogenital ridge? The precursor to the gonads. UBERON:0005294 XAO:0000018 crista gonadalis gonadal ridge http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1106.png/200px-Gray1106.png ncithesaurus:Gonadal_Ridge uberon The precursor to the gonads. Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge crista gonadalis Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge gonadal ridge sex cord Cordlike masses of epithelial tissue that invaginate from germinal epithelium of the gonad and give rise to seminiferous tubules and rete testes in the male, and primary ovarian follicles and rete ovarii in the female. EHDAA2:0004051 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001523 SCTID:343823004 UBERON:0005295 primitive sex cord uberon EHDAA2 Cordlike masses of epithelial tissue that invaginate from germinal epithelium of the gonad and give rise to seminiferous tubules and rete testes in the male, and primary ovarian follicles and rete ovarii in the female. Wikipedia:Sex_cords http://www.answers.com/topic/sex-cord ovary sex cord EHDAA2:0001363 EHDAA:8130 TODO check secondary vs cortical vs ovary UBERON:0005296 cortical cord cortical sex cord ncithesaurus:Cortical_Cord ovary primitive sex cord secondary cord structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles. uberon Wikipedia:Cortical_cords structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles. testis sex cord EHDAA2:0002011 EHDAA:8152 EMAPA:29098 The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP]. UBERON:0005297 VHOG:0001321 check primary vs testis primary sex cord testis cord testis primary sex cords testis primitive sex cord uberon EHDAA2:0002011 testis primary sex cords The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP]. Wikipedia:Testis_cords MP:0006424 testis cord skin of clitoris A zone of skin that is part of a clitoris [Obol]. FMA:20168 SCTID:361374002 UBERON:0005298 clitoris skin uberon A zone of skin that is part of a clitoris [Obol]. OBOL:automatic prepuce of clitoris EMAPA:30699 FMA:20169 In female human anatomy, the clitoral hood, is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoral glans. It develops as part of the labia minora and is homologous with the foreskin (equally called prepuce) in male genitals. Note FMA has FMA:27886 skin of prepuce of clitoris- how is this different? SCTID:362242009 UBERON:0005299 clitoral hood clitoral prepuce clitoris prepuce http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Clitoris_outer_anatomy.gif/200px-Clitoris_outer_anatomy.gif ncithesaurus:Female_Prepuce prepuce of female prepuce of the clitoris preputium clitoridis uberon EMAPA:30699 prepuce of female Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood clitoral hood In female human anatomy, the clitoral hood, is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoral glans. It develops as part of the labia minora and is homologous with the foreskin (equally called prepuce) in male genitals. Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood preputium clitoridis reproductive gland UBERON:0003937 UBERON:0005300 true uberon male preputial gland BTO:0001111 EMAPA:30502 EMAPA:30640 EMAPA:30659 FMA:19653 MA:0000403 One of the sebaceous glands of the corona and neck of the glans penis. UBERON:0005301 gland of Tyson ncithesaurus:Preputial_Gland preputial gland preputial gland of male preputial gland of penis uberon BTO:0001111 EMAPA:30640 preputial gland FMA:19653 preputial gland of penis BTO:0001111 gland of Tyson MP:0002717 One of the sebaceous glands of the corona and neck of the glans penis. female preputial gland A preputial gland that is part of a female organism [Obol]. BTO:0003119 EMAPA:30499 EMAPA:30711 MA:0001702 MA:0001703 TODO: check MA terms UBERON:0005302 clitoral gland ncithesaurus:Clitoral_Gland preputial gland of female uberon A preputial gland that is part of a female organism [Obol]. OBOL:automatic MA:0001702 clitoral gland EMAPA:30499 preputial gland of female hypogastric nerve EMAPA:18225 FMA:77596 MA:0001140 MESH:A.08.800.050.050.400 SCTID:181061006 UBERON:0005303 check plexus vs nerve. WP indicates it is a 'transition' http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray847.png/200px-Gray847.png hypogastric nerve plexus hypogastric plexus ncithesaurus:Hypogastric_Nerve_Plexus nervus hypogastricus the transition between the superior hypogastric plexus and the inferior hypogastric plexus. uberon Wikipedia:Hypogastric_nerve the transition between the superior hypogastric plexus and the inferior hypogastric plexus. MA:0001140 hypogastric nerve plexus Wikipedia:Hypogastric_nerve nervus hypogastricus EMAPA:18225 hypogastric plexus submucous nerve plexus FMA:21542 GAID:801 Henle's plexus MA:0001149 MESH:A.08.800.050.050.850 Meissner's plexus The nerves of the small intestines are derived from the plexuses of parasympathetic nerves around the superior mesenteric artery. From this source they run to the myenteric plexus of nerves and ganglia situated between the circular muscular fibers and the mucosal cells. From this a secondary plexus, the plexus of the submucosa (Meissner's plexus, Submucous plexus, submucosal plexus) is derived, and it is formed by branches that have perforated the circular muscular fibers. This plexus lies in the submucous coat of the intestine; it also contains ganglia from which nerve fibers pass to the muscularis mucosae and to the mucous membrane. The nerve bundles of the submucous plexus are finer than those of the myenteric plexus. Its function is to innervate cells in the epithelial layer and the smooth muscle of the[WP]. UBERON:0005304 check myenteric vs submucosal meissner's plexus ncithesaurus:Submucous_Nerve_Plexus submucosal nerve plexus uberon FMA:21542 Wikipedia:Meissner's_plexus submucosal nerve plexus The nerves of the small intestines are derived from the plexuses of parasympathetic nerves around the superior mesenteric artery. From this source they run to the myenteric plexus of nerves and ganglia situated between the circular muscular fibers and the mucosal cells. From this a secondary plexus, the plexus of the submucosa (Meissner's plexus, Submucous plexus, submucosal plexus) is derived, and it is formed by branches that have perforated the circular muscular fibers. This plexus lies in the submucous coat of the intestine; it also contains ganglia from which nerve fibers pass to the muscularis mucosae and to the mucous membrane. The nerve bundles of the submucous plexus are finer than those of the myenteric plexus. Its function is to innervate cells in the epithelial layer and the smooth muscle of the[WP]. Wikipedia:Meissner's_plexus MA:0001149 Meissner's plexus thyroid follicle BTO:0004708 Discrete, cystlike units of the thyroid gland that are lined with cuboidal epithelium and are filled with a colloid substance, about 30 to each lobule[BTO]. FMA:68805 MA:0000726 SCTID:176685006 TAO:0001072 UBERON:0005305 ZFA:0001072 ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Follicle thyroid gland follicle uberon BTO:0004708 Discrete, cystlike units of the thyroid gland that are lined with cuboidal epithelium and are filled with a colloid substance, about 30 to each lobule[BTO]. blastema A blastema is a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts. Historically blastema have been thought to be composed of undifferentiated pluripotent cells, but recent research indicates that in some organisms blastema may retain memory of tissue origin.[1] Blastemata are typically found in the early stages of an organism's development such as in embryos, and in the regeneration of tissues, organs and bone[WP]. A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise[ZFA]. BTO:0001638 EFO:0003658 TAO:0001270 UBERON:0005306 XAO:0004060 ZFA:0001270 regeneration blastema uberon A blastema is a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts. Historically blastema have been thought to be composed of undifferentiated pluripotent cells, but recent research indicates that in some organisms blastema may retain memory of tissue origin.[1] Blastemata are typically found in the early stages of an organism's development such as in embryos, and in the regeneration of tissues, organs and bone[WP]. A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Blastema ZFA:0001270 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061108-12 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061108-12 regeneration blastema chorion-containing eggshell An eggshell that contains chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. UBERON:0005307 uberon An eggshell that contains chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GO:0007304 nephrostome AAO:0011069 The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity[GO]. UBERON:0005308 XAO:0000062 uberon GO:0039018 The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity[GO]. pronephric nephron A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO]. AAO:0011091 UBERON:0005309 XAO:0000285 uberon A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO]. GO:0039019 pronephric nephron tubule TAO:0001558 The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO]. UBERON:0005310 XAO:0004105 ZFA:0001558 pronephric tubule uberon ZFA:0001558 pronephric tubule GO:0039020 The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO]. GO mammary placode TODO develops_from The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper[GO]. UBERON:0005311 uberon GO:0060596 The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper[GO]. GO Stedmans primary ureteric bud . UBERON:0005312 uberon . GO:0060682 mammary duct terminal end bud . UBERON:0005313 uberon . GO:0060763 alveolar primary septum A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms[GO]. TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum UBERON:0005314 uberon A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms[GO]. GO:0061143 alveolar secondary septum A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule[GO]. TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum UBERON:0005315 uberon A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule[GO]. GO:0061144 endocardial endothelium FMA:83596 The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. UBERON:0005316 endocardium endothelium uberon GO:0061147 The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. FMA:83596 endocardium endothelium FMA pulmonary artery endothelium An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. BTO:0000137 UBERON:0005317 pulmonary artery endothelial tube uberon An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. GO:0061155 GO:0061155 pulmonary artery endothelial tube mesonephric collecting duct AAO:0010390 The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO]. UBERON:0005319 XAO:0000151 uberon GO:0061211 The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO]. mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. UBERON:0005320 uberon GO:0061212 The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. mesonephric smooth muscle tissue . UBERON:0005321 uberon . GO:0061214 mesonephric nephron A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney[GO]. AAO:0010387 TODO UBERON:0005322 XAO:0000292 ZFA:0005592 stage IV nephron uberon ZFA:0005592 stage IV nephron A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney[GO]. GO:0061215 XAO mesonephric mesenchyme AAO:0011062 EHDAA2:0001132 EMAPA:27585 EMAPA:27661 Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005323 XAO:0000291 uberon GO:0061219 Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric macula densa The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. UBERON:0005324 uberon GO:0061220 The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. mesonephric glomerulus AAO:0010388 EMAPA:30568 EMAPA:30580 The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005325 VHOG:0001238 glomerulus uberon AAO:0010388 glomerulus GO:0061224 The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric glomerulus vasculature The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus[GO]. UBERON:0005326 uberon GO:0061231 The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus[GO]. mesonephric glomerular epithelium A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005327 uberon A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061232 mesonephric comma-shaped body The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005328 uberon GO:0061236 The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric nephron tubule A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005329 mesonephric renal tubule uberon A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061240 UBERON:cjm mesonephric renal tubule mesonephric nephron epithelium The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005330 uberon GO:0061241 The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric renal vesicle The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. UBERON:0005331 ZFA:0005586 mesonephric vesicle uberon GO:0061243 The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. ZFA mesonephric S-shaped body The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. UBERON:0005332 uberon GO:0061244 The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. mammary bud Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord[GO]. produced along the length of the embryonic mammary ridge these buds represent the future locations of the mammary glands. Invagination of ectoderm at each bud leads to the development of epithelial diverticula, later maturing as lactiferous ducts[TFD]. UBERON:0004181 UBERON:0005333 mammary gland bud milk bud uberon GO:0060648 Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord[GO]. produced along the length of the embryonic mammary ridge these buds represent the future locations of the mammary glands. Invagination of ectoderm at each bud leads to the development of epithelial diverticula, later maturing as lactiferous ducts[TFD]. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mammary+bud GO:0060648 mammary gland bud PMID:20484386 oral lamina propria EMAPA:26947 UBERON:0005334 lamina propria of oral mucosa uberon chorioallantoic membrane BTO:0000251 The chorioallantoic membrane ( also called the chorioallantois or abbreviated to CAM ) is a vascular membrane found in eggs of some amniotes, such as birds and reptiles. It is formed by the fusion of the mesodermal layers of two developmental structures: the allantois and the chorion. Three different layers compose the chorioallantoic membrane; these are called the chorionic epithelium, the mesenchyme and the allantoic epithelium. Blood capillaries and sinuses are found between epithelial cells of the chorionic layer, allowing close contact (within 0.2 N<m) with air found in pores of the shell membrane of the egg. As a result, the chorioallantoic membrane allows exchange of gases, such as oxygen, to developing embryos. During embryonic development of birds, the chorioallantoic membrane also plays an essential role in bone formation by transporting calcium into the embryo from the eggshell. Chorioalloantoic membranes from developing chicken eggs are routinely used in biological and biomedical research to investigate development, angiogenesis, tumors, and to propagate and investigate viruses or helminths. UBERON:0005335 chorioallantois http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Smallpox_CAM.png/200px-Smallpox_CAM.png ncithesaurus:Chorioallantoic_Membrane respiratory membrane uberon The chorioallantoic membrane ( also called the chorioallantois or abbreviated to CAM ) is a vascular membrane found in eggs of some amniotes, such as birds and reptiles. It is formed by the fusion of the mesodermal layers of two developmental structures: the allantois and the chorion. Three different layers compose the chorioallantoic membrane; these are called the chorionic epithelium, the mesenchyme and the allantoic epithelium. Blood capillaries and sinuses are found between epithelial cells of the chorionic layer, allowing close contact (within 0.2 N<m) with air found in pores of the shell membrane of the egg. As a result, the chorioallantoic membrane allows exchange of gases, such as oxygen, to developing embryos. During embryonic development of birds, the chorioallantoic membrane also plays an essential role in bone formation by transporting calcium into the embryo from the eggshell. Chorioalloantoic membranes from developing chicken eggs are routinely used in biological and biomedical research to investigate development, angiogenesis, tumors, and to propagate and investigate viruses or helminths. Wikipedia:Chorioallantoic_membrane BTO:0000251 chorioallantois capillary lamina of choroid FMA:58437 The capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris is a layer of capillaries that is immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane in the choroid. UBERON:0005336 capillary layer of choroid choriocapillaris inner layer of choroid proper lamina choriocapillaris lamina choroidocapillaris uberon FMA:58437 inner layer of choroid proper Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid lamina choroidocapillaris The capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris is a layer of capillaries that is immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane in the choroid. Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid FMA:58437 capillary layer of choroid outflow tract of ventricle A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. FMA:13225 UBERON:0005337 XAO:0004140 heart ventricle outflow tract outflow part of ventricle uberon ventricular outflow tract A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract ventricular outflow tract MP:0010224 heart ventricle outflow tract outflow tract aortic component EHDAA2:0001353 EMAPA:17329 MA:0000101 UBERON:0005338 VHOG:0001394 uberon outflow tract pulmonary component EHDAA2:0001359 EHDAA:4401 EMAPA:17330 MA:0000102 UBERON:0005339 VHOG:0001395 uberon dorsal telencephalic commissure UBERON:0005340 dorsal commissure the fiber tracts that connect the dorsal region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure[MP]. uberon MP:0008219 the fiber tracts that connect the dorsal region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure[MP]. MP:0008219 dorsal commissure ventral commissure UBERON:0005341 the fiber tracts that connect the ventral region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the anterior and the habenular commissures[MP]. uberon MP:0008220 the fiber tracts that connect the ventral region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the anterior and the habenular commissures[MP]. malleus head FMA:52761 MA:0002987 SCTID:368926004 UBERON:0005342 head of malleus rounded portion of the malleus that articulates with the body of the incus[MP]. uberon MP:0008379 rounded portion of the malleus that articulates with the body of the incus[MP]. FMA:52761 head of malleus cortical plate ABA:CTXpl UBERON:0005343 the outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP]. uberon MP:0008439 the outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP]. peritoneal vaginal process TODO check The processus vaginalis (or vaginal process) is an embryonic developmental outpouching of the peritoneum. It is present from around the 12th week of gestation, and commences as a peritoneal outpouching[WP]. peritoneal diverticulum in the embryonic lower anterior abdominal wall that traverses the inguinal canal[MP]. UBERON:0005344 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mesorchium.svg/200px-Mesorchium.svg.png processus vaginalis peritonei processus vaginalis peritoneus saccus vaginalis uberon MP:0009218 The processus vaginalis (or vaginal process) is an embryonic developmental outpouching of the peritoneum. It is present from around the 12th week of gestation, and commences as a peritoneal outpouching[WP]. peritoneal diverticulum in the embryonic lower anterior abdominal wall that traverses the inguinal canal[MP]. Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis MP:0009218 processus vaginalis peritoneus Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis processus vaginalis peritonei Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis saccus vaginalis MP:0009218 processus vaginalis peritonei cerebellum vermis lobule VIIa . NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081231 UBERON:0005345 uberon vermic lobule VIIA NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081231 vermic lobule VIIA . MP:0009998 NIF cerebellum vermis lobule VIIb . UBERON:0005346 uberon NIF . MP:0009999 copula pyramidis .[MP]. ABA:COPY UBERON:0005347 uberon .[MP]. MP:0010000 ansiform lobule .[MP]. ABA:AN FMA:72257 UBERON:0005348 ansiform lobule of cerebellum ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a] lobuli semilunares cerebelli lobulus ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a] semilunar lobules of cerebellum uberon FMA:72257 FMA:TA lobulus ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a] .[MP]. MP:0010001 FMA:72257 FMA:TA lobuli semilunares cerebelli FMA:72257 semilunar lobules of cerebellum FMA:72257 ansiform lobule of cerebellum FMA:72257 ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a] paramedian lobule .[MP]. ABA:PRM FMA:72523 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210 UBERON:0005349 gracile lobule hemispheric lobule VIIBii lobulus gracilis lobulus paramedianus lobulus paramedianus [h vii b] paramedian 1 (hvii) paramedian lobule [H VII B] uberon FMA:72523 paramedian lobule [H VII B] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210 lobulus paramedianus NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210 lobulus gracilis NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210 hemispheric lobule VIIBii NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210 paramedian 1 (hvii) .[MP]. MP:0010004 FMA:72523 gracile lobule FMA:72523 FMA:TA lobulus paramedianus [h vii b] lobule simplex .[MP]. ABA:SIM FMA:72522 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206 UBERON:0005350 hemispheric lobule VI lobule h vi of larsell lobulus quadrangularis posterior lobulus simplex lobulus simplex cerebelli [h vi et vi] posterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum semilunar lobule-1 (posterior) simple lobule simple lobule of cerebellum simple lobule of cerebellum [h vi and vi] simplex (hvi) simplex lobule uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206 simplex lobule FMA:72522 lobule h vi of larsell NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206 simplex (hvi) NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206 lobulus quadrangularis posterior FMA:72522 FMA:TA lobulus simplex cerebelli [h vi et vi] FMA:72522 simple lobule of cerebellum [h vi and vi] MP:0010005 simple lobule FMA:72522 semilunar lobule-1 (posterior) FMA:72522 posterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206 hemispheric lobule VI FMA:72522 simple lobule of cerebellum .[MP]. MP:0010005 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206 lobulus simplex paraflocculus .[MP]. ABA:PFL FMA:83885 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212 SCTID:314174005 SCTID:51969002 UBERON:0005351 cerebellar tonsil hemispheric lobule IX neuraxis paraflocculus paraflocculus of cerebellum paraflocculus of cerebellum tonsil (HXI) tonsilla uberon FMA:83885 paraflocculus of cerebellum NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212 hemispheric lobule IX NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212 cerebellar tonsil FMA:83885 neuraxis paraflocculus NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212 tonsilla .[MP]. MP:0010007 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212 tonsil (HXI) FMA:83885 paraflocculus of cerebellum spermatic cord FMA:19937 GAID:395 MESH:A.05.360.444.777 SCTID:181433005 UBERON:0005352 funiculus spermaticus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png ncithesaurus:Spermatic_Cord spermatic chord the cord-like structure in males comprising the vas deferens and associated tissue that runs from the abdomen down to each testis[MP]. cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens and surrounding tissue that run from the abdomen down to each testicle[WP]. uberon MP:0010145 Wikipedia:Spermatic_cord the cord-like structure in males comprising the vas deferens and associated tissue that runs from the abdomen down to each testis[MP]. cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens and surrounding tissue that run from the abdomen down to each testicle[WP]. Wikipedia:Spermatic_cord funiculus spermaticus spleen perifollicular zone UBERON:0005353 the compartment located between the marginal zone and the red pulp harboring scattered B and T lymphocytes[MP]. todo - check spleen marginal sinus uberon MP:0010245 the compartment located between the marginal zone and the red pulp harboring scattered B and T lymphocytes[MP]. malleus processus brevis UBERON:0005354 the projection extending from the base of the manubrium of the malleus which contacts the upper part of the tympanic membrane where the tympanic cavity makes a deep pocket (epitympanic pocket) surrounding the cartilaginous nodule[MP]. uberon MP:0010324 the projection extending from the base of the manubrium of the malleus which contacts the upper part of the tympanic membrane where the tympanic cavity makes a deep pocket (epitympanic pocket) surrounding the cartilaginous nodule[MP]. malleus neck FMA:52762 MA:0002988 SCTID:368927008 UBERON:0005355 collum mallei http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray916.png/200px-Gray916.png neck of malleus the narrow contracted section of the malleus located between the head and the manubrium[MP]. uberon FMA:52762 neck of malleus MP:0010327 Wikipedia:Neck_of_malleus the narrow contracted section of the malleus located between the head and the manubrium[MP]. Wikipedia:Neck_of_malleus collum mallei Rathke's pouch AAO:0011094 EHDAA2 distinguishes between the adenohypophyseal pouch and it's precursor Rathke's pouch epithelium. Taxon notes: median funnel­-shaped invagination of ectoderm, the nasohypophyseal pouch. It will contribute to the formation of the pituitary gland of the adult lamprey and is homologous to Rathke’s pouch and perhaps to Hatschek 's pit (amphioxus).[http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html] EHDAA2:0001473 EHDAA2:0001588 EMAPA:16574 EMAPA:16725 Rathke pouch Rathke's cleft Rathke's cyst Rathkes pouch epithelium SCTID:362583008 SCTID:61127000 UBERON:0005356 VHOG:0000674 XAO:0000430 a pouch of ectoderm that grows out from the upper surface of the embryonic stomodeum and gives rise to the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland[MP]. In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system[WP]. adenohypophysial pouch hypophyseal diverticulum nasohypophyseal pouch ncithesaurus:Rathke_s_Pouch pouch of Rathke uberon EHDAA2:0001588 adenohypophysial pouch MP NBK53175 http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html nasohypophyseal pouch MP:0003817 Wikipedia:Rathke's_pouch a pouch of ectoderm that grows out from the upper surface of the embryonic stomodeum and gives rise to the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland[MP]. In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system[WP]. EHDAA2:0001473 Rathkes pouch epithelium EHDAA2 UBERON:cjm hypophyseal diverticulum brain ependyma FMA:242837 MA:0000809 MESH:A.08.186.211.276.460 UBERON:0005357 ependyma of ventricular system of brain in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion uberon FMA:242837 ependyma of ventricular system of brain ventricle of nervous system FMA:242770 Region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis UBERON:0005358 uberon FMA:242770 Region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis spinal cord ependyma EMAPA:17585 FMA:242839 MA:0001125 SCTID:369278000 UBERON:0005359 ependyma of central canal of spinal cord in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion spinal cord ependymal layer spinal cord ventricular layer uberon MA:0001125 spinal cord ependymal layer FMA:242839 ependyma of central canal of spinal cord inferior glossopharyngeal IX ganglion EHDAA2:0000711 FMA:53475 MA:0001078 SCTID:66031007 UBERON:0005360 VHOG:0000743 extracraniale ganglion ganglion inferius (nervus glossopharygeus) ganglion inferius nervi glossopharyngei, ganglion petrosum ganglion inferius nervus glossopharyngei ganglion of andersch glossopharyngeal nerve inferior ganglion glossopharyngeal nerve petrous ganglion inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve ninth cranial nerve inferior ganglion petrosal ganglion petrous ganglion the lower group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve[MP]. It is situated in a depression in the lower border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone[WP]. uberon FMA:53475 ninth cranial nerve inferior ganglion FMA:53475 ganglion inferius (nervus glossopharygeus) MP:0001084 petrosal ganglion MP:0001084 extracraniale ganglion Wikipedia:Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray791.png http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/petrous%20ganglion petrous ganglion MP:0001084 Wikipedia:Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve the lower group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve[MP]. It is situated in a depression in the lower border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone[WP]. FMA:53475 ganglion of andersch Wikipedia:Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve ganglion inferius nervi glossopharyngei, ganglion petrosum FMA:53475 inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion FMA:53475 inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve FMA:53475 glossopharyngeal nerve inferior ganglion MP:0001084 inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve FMA:53475 glossopharyngeal nerve petrous ganglion FMA:53475 FMA:TA ganglion inferius nervus glossopharyngei MP:0001084 http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/petrosal%20ganglion petrosal ganglion superior glossopharyngeal IX ganglion EHDAA2:0000712 EHDAA:2842 Ehrenritter's ganglion FMA:53474 MA:0001079 SCTID:280362000 Synonym modified from WP original UBERON:0005361 VHOG:0000744 ganglion superius (nervus glossopharyngeus) ganglion superius nervi glossopharyngei ganglion superius nervus glossopharyngei glossopharyngeal nerve jugular ganglion glossopharyngeal nerve superior ganglion intracranial ganglion jugular ganglion ninth cranial nerve superior ganglion superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve superior glossopharyngeal ganglia superior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve superior petrosal ganglion the upper ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve[MP]. is situated in the upper part of the groove in which the glossopharyngeal nerve is lodged during its passage through the jugular foramen. It is very small, and is usually regarded as a detached portion of the inferior ganglion uberon MP:0001097 superior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve MP:0001097 intracranial ganglion FMA MP:0001097 jugular ganglion FMA:53474 ganglion superius (nervus glossopharyngeus) MP:0001097 Wikipedia:Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve the upper ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve[MP]. is situated in the upper part of the groove in which the glossopharyngeal nerve is lodged during its passage through the jugular foramen. It is very small, and is usually regarded as a detached portion of the inferior ganglion MP:0001097 superior glossopharyngeal ganglia FMA:53474 glossopharyngeal nerve jugular ganglion Wikipedia:Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve ganglion superius nervi glossopharyngei FMA:53474 ninth cranial nerve superior ganglion FMA:53474 FMA:TA ganglion superius nervus glossopharyngei FMA:53474 superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve FMA:53474 glossopharyngeal nerve superior ganglion Ehrenritter's ganglion FMA:53474 Wikipedia:Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve superior petrosal ganglion vagus X ganglion EMAPA:16798 FMA:53472 MA:0001081 SCTID:244452001 UBERON:0005362 VHOG:0000684 ganglion of vagus nerve right glossopharyngeal ganglion uberon vagus X vagus neural ganglion FMA:53472 right glossopharyngeal ganglion FMA:53472 ganglion of vagus nerve EMAPA:16798 vagus X FMA:53472 vagus neural ganglion inferior vagus X ganglion EFO:0002516 EHDAA2:0004622 EMAPA:17155 FMA:6230 MA:0001082 MESH:A.08.340.390.550 SCTID:14420006 UBERON:0005363 VHOG:0000685 ganglion inferius (nervus vagus) ganglion inferius nervus vagi inferior ganglion of vagus inferior ganglion of vagus nerve inferior vagus X nodose ganglion nodose ganglion tenth cranial nerve nodose ganglion uberon vagus nerve inferior ganglion vagus nerve nodose ganglion FMA:6230 tenth cranial nerve nodose ganglion EMAPA:17155 nodose ganglion FMA:6230 inferior ganglion of vagus nerve FMA:6230 nodose ganglion EMAPA:17155 inferior vagus X FMA:6230 ganglion inferius (nervus vagus) FMA:6230 FMA:TA ganglion inferius nervus vagi FMA:6230 vagus nerve inferior ganglion FMA:6230 vagus nerve nodose ganglion FMA:6230 inferior ganglion of vagus superior vagus X ganglion EMAPA:17156 FMA:6229 MA:0001083 SCTID:280197008 UBERON:0005364 VHOG:0000686 ganglion superius (nervus vagus) ganglion superius nervus vagi gasserian ganglion jugular ganglion superior ganglion of vagus superior ganglion of vagus nerve superior vagus X tenth cranial nerve jugular ganglion uberon vagus nerve jugular ganglion vagus nerve superior ganglion FMA:6229 vagus nerve superior ganglion FMA:6229 vagus nerve jugular ganglion FMA:6229 superior ganglion of vagus nerve EMAPA:17156 gasserian ganglion FMA:6229 superior ganglion of vagus FMA:6229 tenth cranial nerve jugular ganglion FMA:6229 jugular ganglion FMA:6229 FMA:TA ganglion superius nervus vagi EMAPA:17156 superior vagus X FMA:6229 ganglion superius (nervus vagus) olfactory lobe An anterior projection of each cerebral hemisphere that is continuous anteriorly with the olfactory nerve[BTO]. A term applied to the olfactory apparatus on the lower surface of the frontal lobe of the brain. It consists of the olfactory bulb, tract, and trigone[BTO]. BTO:0001362 EFO:0000108 EHDAA2:0001294 EHDAA:5480 EMAPA:17778 MA:0002413 MIAA:0000116 UBERON:0005366 VHOG:0000833 ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Lobe uberon An anterior projection of each cerebral hemisphere that is continuous anteriorly with the olfactory nerve[BTO]. A term applied to the olfactory apparatus on the lower surface of the frontal lobe of the brain. It consists of the olfactory bulb, tract, and trigone[BTO]. BTO:0001362 hippocampus granule cell layer MA:0000954 UBERON:0005367 todo - check uberon hippocampus molecular layer A cytoarchitectural region of the hippocampus consisting of a composite of the two outermost layers of the hippocampus, the Stratum lacunosum-moleculare and the Stratum radiatum (Carpenter-83). MA:0000955 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1211 UBERON:0005368 hippocampal molecular layer hippocampus stratum moleculare molecular layer of hippocampus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1211 molecular layer of hippocampus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1211 hippocampal molecular layer A cytoarchitectural region of the hippocampus consisting of a composite of the two outermost layers of the hippocampus, the Stratum lacunosum-moleculare and the Stratum radiatum (Carpenter-83). nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource hippocampus stratum lacunosum Due to its small size, it is often grouped together with stratum moleculare into a single stratum called stratum lacunosum-moleculare[WP] MA:0000957 UBERON:0005370 lacunar layer of hippocampus uberon hippocampus stratum oriens FMA:83893 MA:0000958 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113 The term Stratum oriens is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the hippocampus that is deep to the Stratum pyramidale hippocampi and superficial to the alveus (Stephan-75). UBERON:0005371 oriens layer of hippocampus oriens layer of the hippocampus polymorphic layer of hippocampus polymorphic layer of the hippocampus stratum oriens uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113 oriens layer of hippocampus The term Stratum oriens is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the hippocampus that is deep to the Stratum pyramidale hippocampi and superficial to the alveus (Stephan-75). nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113 oriens layer of the hippocampus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113 stratum oriens NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113 polymorphic layer of hippocampus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113 polymorphic layer of the hippocampus hippocampus stratum radiatum FMA:83894 MA:0000959 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1298 The layer located immediately above the pyramidal cell layer in CA2 and CA1 and superficial to the stratum lucidum in CA3. Suprapyramidal region in which CA3 to CA3 associational connections and CA3 to CA1 Schaffer collateral connections are located. UBERON:0005372 radiate layer of hippocampus stratum radiatum uberon FMA:83894 radiate layer of hippocampus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1298 stratum radiatum NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1298 The layer located immediately above the pyramidal cell layer in CA2 and CA1 and superficial to the stratum lucidum in CA3. Suprapyramidal region in which CA3 to CA3 associational connections and CA3 to CA1 Schaffer collateral connections are located. spinal cord dorsal column EV:0100317 MA:0002749 TODO - relationship with dorsal horn? UBERON:0005373 area of white matter in the dorsomedial side of the spinal cord. It is made up of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus and itself is part of the dorsal funiculus. It is part of an ascending pathway that is important for well-localized fine touch and conscious proprioception called the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway[WP]. The dorsal portion of the gray substance of the spinal cord, in transverse section seen as a horn[TFD]. The dorsal column is a part of the spinal cord which is responsible for transporting sensory input from the body to the cerebral cortex. This part of the spinal cord is key in perceiving fine touch, such as that used to distinguish textures, along with vibration. The dorsal column also contributes to the body's system of proprioception, used to orient the body in space and to coordinate muscle movements, given information about the body's position. dorsal column ncithesaurus:Posterior_Column posterior column spinal cord posterior column uberon Wikipedia:Posterior_column area of white matter in the dorsomedial side of the spinal cord. It is made up of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus and itself is part of the dorsal funiculus. It is part of an ascending pathway that is important for well-localized fine touch and conscious proprioception called the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway[WP]. The dorsal portion of the gray substance of the spinal cord, in transverse section seen as a horn[TFD]. The dorsal column is a part of the spinal cord which is responsible for transporting sensory input from the body to the cerebral cortex. This part of the spinal cord is key in perceiving fine touch, such as that used to distinguish textures, along with vibration. The dorsal column also contributes to the body's system of proprioception, used to orient the body in space and to coordinate muscle movements, given information about the body's position. Wikipedia:Posterior_column posterior column spinal cord lateral column EV:0100322 MA:0002750 TAO:0000531 TODO - check relationship between column and funiculus. Also check white vs grey matter. See ventral column. Note also ZFA term 'lateral column' is part of reticular formation UBERON:0005374 ZFA:0000531 lateral column uberon MA checkme spinal cord ventral column EV:0100326 MA:0002751 UBERON:0005375 anterior column in MA, this is a subclass of white matter, but in WP/Gray's, the anterior column is a synonym of the grey matter section. is this the same as funiculus? See lateral column. spinal cord anterior column uberon ventral column olfactory bulb external plexiform layer BTO:0001319 Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs. MA:0000969 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090403 UBERON:0005376 external plexiform layer uberon BTO:0001319 external plexiform layer Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090403 olfactory bulb glomerular layer ABA:MOBgl BTO:0001317 MA:0000970 TAO:0000357 The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cell dendritic tree. Each mitral cell is contacted by at least 1000 olfactory nerve fibers[BTO]. Portion of tissue which is located in between the primary olfactory fiber layer and the external cellular layer of the olfactory bulb[ZFA]. UBERON:0005377 ZFA:0000357 glomerular layer stratum glomerulosum bulbi olfactorii uberon BTO:0001317 ZFA:0000357 glomerular layer BTO:0001317 The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cell dendritic tree. Each mitral cell is contacted by at least 1000 olfactory nerve fibers[BTO]. Portion of tissue which is located in between the primary olfactory fiber layer and the external cellular layer of the olfactory bulb[ZFA]. ZFA:0000357 stratum glomerulosum bulbi olfactorii olfactory bulb granule cell layer BTO:0001327 MA:0000971 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090404 The granule cell layer contains multiple small round neurons that lack axons. Long dendritic processes of the neurons reach the more superficial layers and inhibit mitral cells and tufted cells. Small distal processes make contacts with the exiting mitral cell axons. UBERON:0005378 granule cell layer uberon BTO:0001327 granule cell layer BTO:0001327 The granule cell layer contains multiple small round neurons that lack axons. Long dendritic processes of the neurons reach the more superficial layers and inhibit mitral cells and tufted cells. Small distal processes make contacts with the exiting mitral cell axons. olfactory bulb internal plexiform layer BTO:0001320 MA:0000972 UBERON:0005379 internal plexiform layer uberon BTO:0001320 internal plexiform layer olfactory bulb subependymal zone MA:0000974 UBERON:0005380 uberon dentate gyrus granule cell layer ABA:DG-sg DG granule cell layer FMA:83146 MA:0000946 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4129 UBERON:0005381 granular layer of dentate gyrus uberon FMA:83146 granular layer of dentate gyrus DG granule cell layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4129 dorsal striatum ABA:STRd BTO:0004701 FMA:77620 MA:0002971 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010001 Those portions of the caudate nucleus and especially the putamen located generally superior to a plane representing the anterior commissure; also called the dorsal basal ganglia; may function in motor activities with cognitive origins. UBERON:0005382 caudoputamen striatum dorsale uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312 caudoputamen BTO:0004701 striatum dorsale BTO:0004701 Those portions of the caudate nucleus and especially the putamen located generally superior to a plane representing the anterior commissure; also called the dorsal basal ganglia; may function in motor activities with cognitive origins. caudate-putamen ABA:CP BM:Tel-C-Pu BTO:0000212 CHECK - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM) EFO:0001912 EMAPA:19095 MA:0000893 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312 Regional part of telencephalon in some species, e.g., rodent, equivalent to the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). Unlike the dorsal striatum of primates, for example, the caudoputamen is not split into separate nuclei by the fibers of the internal capsule. Rather, the internal capsule splits into fiber bundles which course through the structure. UBERON:0005383 caudate putamen caudateputamen caudoputamen uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312 Regional part of telencephalon in some species, e.g., rodent, equivalent to the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). Unlike the dorsal striatum of primates, for example, the caudoputamen is not split into separate nuclei by the fibers of the internal capsule. Rather, the internal capsule splits into fiber bundles which course through the structure. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312 caudateputamen NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312 caudoputamen nasal cavity epithelium EHDAA2:0001227 EHDAA:6803 EMAPA:17605 FMA:63140 MA:0001324 UBERON:0005384 VHOG:0000501 nasal epithelium nasal mucosa ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cavity_Epithelium uberon FMA:63140 nasal epithelium nasal cavity respiratory epithelium EHDAA2:0001230 EHDAA:6807 MA:0001326 UBERON:0005385 ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cavity_Respiratory_Epithelium todo place BTO:0003603 uberon olfactory mucosa FMA:77199 GAID:303 MESH:A.04.531.520.573 That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory endings for olfaction; the organ of smell[GAID]. The olfactory mucosa is located in the upper region of the nasal cavity and is made up of the olfactory epithelium and the underlying lamina propria, connective tissue containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, Bowman's glands and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The mucus protects the olfactory epithelium and allows odors to dissolve so that they can be detected by olfactory receptor neurons. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that Bowman's glands do not produce odorant binding protein[WP]. UBERON:0005386 ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Mucosa note uberon uses the term 'mucosa' as 'portion of mucosa', thus the relationship is subclass, not part_of olfactory area of nasal mucosa olfactory part of nasal mucosa olfactory zone of nasal mucosa pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi uberon FMA:77199 olfactory part of nasal mucosa FMA:77199 olfactory area of nasal mucosa GAID:303 That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory endings for olfaction; the organ of smell[GAID]. The olfactory mucosa is located in the upper region of the nasal cavity and is made up of the olfactory epithelium and the underlying lamina propria, connective tissue containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, Bowman's glands and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The mucus protects the olfactory epithelium and allows odors to dissolve so that they can be detected by olfactory receptor neurons. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that Bowman's glands do not produce odorant binding protein[WP]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_mucosa FMA:77199 FMA:TA pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi Wikipedia:Olfactory_mucosa pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi FMA:77199 olfactory zone of nasal mucosa olfactory glomerulus BTO:0003653 NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090503 One of the small globular masses of dense neuropil in the olfactory bulb, containing the first synapse in the olfactory pathway[BTO]. a spherical structure located in the olfactory bulb of the brain where the synapses form between the olfactory nerve terminals and dendrites of mitral, periglomerular and tufted cells. Each glomerulus is surrounded by periglomerular neurons and glial cells which gives it an oval shape.[1][2] All glomeruli are located near the surface of the olfactory bulb. In mammals, glomeruli typically range between 50-120 µm in diameter and number between 1800 and 2400 depending on the species.[1][2] Each glomerulus is composed of two compartments, the olfactory nerve zone and the non-olfactory nerve zone. The olfactory nerve zone is composed of preterminals and terminals of the olfactory nerve and is where the olfactory receptor cells make synapses on their targets.[2] The non-olfactory nerve zone is composed of the dendritic processes of intrinsic neurons and is where dendrodendritic interactions between intrinsic neurons occur.[2] It is the first site for synaptic processing of odor information coming from the nose. It is made up of a globular tangle of axons from the olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium, and dendrites from the mitral cell as well as from juxtaglomerular cells that include tufted cells, periglomerular cells, short axon cells, and astrocytes[WP]. UBERON:0005387 subcellular component, realm of GO uberon Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckMedicus One of the small globular masses of dense neuropil in the olfactory bulb, containing the first synapse in the olfactory pathway[BTO]. a spherical structure located in the olfactory bulb of the brain where the synapses form between the olfactory nerve terminals and dendrites of mitral, periglomerular and tufted cells. Each glomerulus is surrounded by periglomerular neurons and glial cells which gives it an oval shape.[1][2] All glomeruli are located near the surface of the olfactory bulb. In mammals, glomeruli typically range between 50-120 µm in diameter and number between 1800 and 2400 depending on the species.[1][2] Each glomerulus is composed of two compartments, the olfactory nerve zone and the non-olfactory nerve zone. The olfactory nerve zone is composed of preterminals and terminals of the olfactory nerve and is where the olfactory receptor cells make synapses on their targets.[2] The non-olfactory nerve zone is composed of the dendritic processes of intrinsic neurons and is where dendrodendritic interactions between intrinsic neurons occur.[2] It is the first site for synaptic processing of odor information coming from the nose. It is made up of a globular tangle of axons from the olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium, and dendrites from the mitral cell as well as from juxtaglomerular cells that include tufted cells, periglomerular cells, short axon cells, and astrocytes[WP]. Wikipedia:Glomerulus_(olfaction) photoreceptor array An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. FBbt:00004200 UBERON:0005388 light-sensitive tissue uberon An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. UBERON:cjm transparent eye structure UBERON:0005389 lens transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array uberon cortical layer I ABA:CTX1 BTO:0004906 FMA:83900 MA:0000897 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 The most superficial layer of the neocortex characterized by a paucity of cell bodies. UBERON:0005390 cerebral cortex, layer 1 lamina molecularis isocorticis [lamina i] layer 1 of neocortex layer I of neocortex molecular layer molecular layer of cerebral cortex molecular layer of isocortex [layer i] molecular layer of neocortex ncithesaurus:Molecular_Layer neocortex layer 1 neocortex layer I neocortex molecular layer neocortex plexiform layer plexiform layer plexiform layer of neocortex uberon FMA:83900 molecular layer of neocortex FMA:83900 FMA:TA lamina molecularis isocorticis [lamina i] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 molecular layer of neocortex FMA:83900 molecular layer of isocortex [layer i] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 neocortex molecular layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 neocortex layer 1 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 plexiform layer of neocortex molecular layer of cerebral cortex ncithesaurus:Molecular_layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 The most superficial layer of the neocortex characterized by a paucity of cell bodies. ABA:CTX1 cerebral cortex, layer 1 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 layer 1 of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 neocortex layer I NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 layer I of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 neocortex plexiform layer cortical layer II ABA:CTX2 FMA:77804 Layer of neocortex lying just deep to molecular layer characterized by numerous small cell bodies. MA:0000898 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808 UBERON:0005391 cerebral cortex, layer 2 external granular layer external granular layer of cerebral cortex external granular layer of isocortex [layer ii] external granular layer of neocortex external granule cell layer of neocortex lamina granularis externa isocorticis [lamina ii] layer II of neocortex ncithesaurus:External_Granular_Layer neocortex layer 2 neocortex layer II uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808 neocortex layer 2 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808 neocortex layer II NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808 external granule cell layer of neocortex ABA:CTX2 cerebral cortex, layer 2 FMA:77804 external granular layer of isocortex [layer ii] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808 layer II of neocortex Layer of neocortex lying just deep to molecular layer characterized by numerous small cell bodies. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808 FMA:77804 FMA:TA lamina granularis externa isocorticis [lamina ii] FMA:77804 external granular layer of neocortex cortical layer III ABA:CTX3 FMA:77810 Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external granule cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by numerous small pyramidal neurons. MA:0000899 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 UBERON:0005392 cerebral cortex, layer 3 external pyramidal cell layer external pyramidal cell layer of neocortex external pyramidal layer of cerebral cortex external pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer iii] external pyramidal layer of neocortex lamina pyramidalis externa isocorticis [lamina iii] layer 3 of neocortex layer III of neocortex ncithesaurus:External_Pyramidal_Cell_Layer neocortex external pyramidal cell layer neocortex layer 3 neocortex layer III pyramidal layer uberon Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external granule cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by numerous small pyramidal neurons. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 FMA:77810 external pyramidal layer of neocortex FMA:77810 external pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer iii] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 layer III of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 external pyramidal cell layer of neocortex external pyramidal layer of cerebral cortex ncithesaurus:External_Pyramidal_Cell_Layer FMA:77810 FMA:TA lamina pyramidalis externa isocorticis [lamina iii] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 neocortex layer 3 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 neocortex external pyramidal cell layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 layer 3 of neocortex FMA:77810 external pyramidal cell layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 neocortex layer III ABA:CTX3 cerebral cortex, layer 3 cortical layer IV ABA:CTX4 FMA:77811 Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by the presence of numerous small cells MA:0000900 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 UBERON:0005393 cerebral cortex, layer 4 internal granular layer internal granular layer of isocortex [layer iv] internal granular layer of neocortex internal granule cell layer of neocortex lamina granularis interna isocorticis [lamina iv] layer 4 of neocortex layer IV of neocortex ncithesaurus:Internal_Granular_Layer neocortex internal granule cell layer neocortex layer 4 neocortex layer IV neocortical internal granule cell layer neocortical layer IV uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 layer 4 of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 neocortical layer IV Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by the presence of numerous small cells NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 neocortex internal granule cell layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 neocortex layer IV FMA:77811 internal granular layer of neocortex ABA:CTX4 cerebral cortex, layer 4 FMA:77811 internal granular layer of isocortex [layer iv] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 layer IV of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 neocortex layer 4 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 neocortical internal granule cell layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 internal granule cell layer of neocortex FMA:77811 FMA:TA lamina granularis interna isocorticis [lamina iv] cortical layer V ABA:CTX5 FMA:77812 Layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal granule cell layer (layer 4) defined cytoarchitecturally by the predominance of large pyramidal cell bodies MA:0000901 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 UBERON:0005394 betz' cells cerebral cortex, layer 5 ganglionic layer ganglionic layer of cerebral cortex internal pyramidal cell layer of neocortex internal pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer v] internal pyramidal layer of neocortex lamina pyramidalis interna isocorticis [lamina v] layer 5 of neocortex layer V of neocortex ncithesaurus:Ganglionic_Layer neocortex internal pyramidal cell layer neocortex layer 5 neocortex layer V neocortical layer 5 neocortical layer V uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 neocortex internal pyramidal cell layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 neocortex layer V NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 neocortex layer 5 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 internal pyramidal cell layer of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 layer V of neocortex FMA:77812 betz' cells NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 neocortical layer V NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 layer 5 of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 neocortical layer 5 FMA:77812 internal pyramidal layer of neocortex FMA:77812 internal pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer v] ABA:CTX5 cerebral cortex, layer 5 FMA:77812 FMA:TA lamina pyramidalis interna isocorticis [lamina v] Layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal granule cell layer (layer 4) defined cytoarchitecturally by the predominance of large pyramidal cell bodies NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 cortical layer VI ABA:CTX6 FMA:77805 Innermost layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by cells of varying size. MA:0000902 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 UBERON:0005395 cerebral cortex, layer 6 lamina multiformis isocorticis [lamina vi] layer VI of neocortex multiform layer multiform layer of isocortex [layer vi] multiform layer of neocortex neocortex layer 6 neocortex layer VI neocortex multiform layer neocortical layer 6 neocortical layer VI pleiomorphic layer of neocortex uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 neocortex layer VI NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 pleiomorphic layer of neocortex Innermost layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by cells of varying size. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 FMA:77805 multiform layer of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 neocortex multiform layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 multiform layer of neocortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 layer VI of neocortex ABA:CTX6 cerebral cortex, layer 6 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 neocortical layer VI FMA:77805 multiform layer of isocortex [layer vi] FMA:77805 FMA:TA lamina multiformis isocorticis [lamina vi] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 neocortical layer 6 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 neocortex layer 6 carotid artery segment BTO:0000168 EFO:0000818 EHDAA:6385 EMAPA:18609 EV:0100379 Editor/usage notes: This is a generic grouping class that is the superclass of the trunks/branches of the common carotid artery. Note that AOs vary widely in how they divide up and generalize arteries FMA:70504 GAID:478 MA:0001925 MAT:0000501 MESH:A.07.231.114.186 One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362040006 SCTID:69105007 TAO:0000097 UBERON:0005396 VHOG:0000266 ZFA:0000097 carotid artery galen:CarotidArtery ncithesaurus:Carotid_Artery subdivision of common carotid artery uberon MA:0001925 carotid artery FMA FMA:70504 subdivision of common carotid artery One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. Wikipedia:Carotid_artery https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486870&group_id=76834&atid=994764 brain arachnoid mater FMA:83981 MA:0000814 UBERON:0005397 VHOG:0000230 brain arachnoid matter cranial arachnoid mater uberon FMA:83981 cranial arachnoid mater MA:0000814 brain arachnoid matter female reproductive gland BTO:0000254 MA:0000383 UBERON:0005398 uberon male reproductive gland BTO:0000080 MA:0000399 UBERON:0005399 uberon telencephalon arachnoid mater EMAPA:17775 MA:0000980 UBERON:0005400 telencephalon arachnoid matter uberon MA:0000980 telencephalon arachnoid matter cerebral grey matter BTO:0000823 MA:0000944 UBERON:0005401 cerebral gray matter uberon BTO:0000823 cerebral gray matter philtrum EHDAA2:0001462 EHDAA:9280 EMAPA:17926 FMA:59819 MA:0001577 SCTID:362087004 UBERON:0005402 VHOG:0000862 lip philtrum uberon MA:0001577 lip philtrum ventral striatum ABA:STRv BTO:0004702 EFO:0001936 FMA:77614 MA:0002972 UBERON:0005403 UBERON:MA_0002972-FMA_77614 uberon frontonasal suture A suture between frontal and nasal bones FMA:52948 MA:0002973 SCTID:368982004 UBERON:0005404 UBERON:MA_0002973-FMA_52948 frontonasal suture of skull uberon A suture between frontal and nasal bones GO:0097095 PMID:12416537 FMA:52948 frontonasal suture of skull GO pararenal fat FMA:20503 FMA:74280 MA:0002974 TODO - split paranephric / pararenal The paranephric body (or paranephric fat or pararenal fat) is collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia. The perirenal fat, or adipose capsule of kidney, is deep to the renal fascia but superficial to the renal capsule. UBERON:0005405 UBERON:MA_0002974-FMA_20503 corpus adiposum pararenale corpus adiposum pararenale paranephric body paranephric fat pararenal fascia pararenal fascia pararenal fat body uberon Wikipedia:Paranephric_body paranephric body FMA:74280 FMA:TA corpus adiposum pararenale Wikipedia:Paranephric_body corpus adiposum pararenale MA:0002974 pararenal fascia MA:0002974 paranephric fat MA:0002974 pararenal fat body FMA:20503 pararenal fascia The paranephric body (or paranephric fat or pararenal fat) is collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia. The perirenal fat, or adipose capsule of kidney, is deep to the renal fascia but superficial to the renal capsule. Wikipedia:Paranephric_body perirenal fat FMA:15876 FMA:20502 MA:0002975 Perirenal fascia SCTID:246901006 TODO - split perinephric / perirenal The adipose capsule of kidney (or perinephric fat or perirenal fat) is a structure between the renal fascia and renal capsule, and may be regarded as a part of the latter. A different structure, the pararenal fat, is the adipose tissue superficial to the renal fascia. UBERON:0005406 UBERON:MA_0002975-FMA_20502 adipose capsule of kidney capsula adiposa renis fatty capsule of kidney perinephric fat periphrenic fascia perirenal fascia perirenal fat capsule uberon MA:0002975 periphrenic fascia MA:0002975 perirenal fat capsule MA:0002975 perirenal fascia FMA:20502 Perirenal fascia Wikipedia:Adipose_capsule_of_kidney capsula adiposa renis The adipose capsule of kidney (or perinephric fat or perirenal fat) is a structure between the renal fascia and renal capsule, and may be regarded as a part of the latter. A different structure, the pararenal fat, is the adipose tissue superficial to the renal fascia. Wikipedia:Adipose_capsule_of_kidney MA:0002975 adipose capsule of kidney MA:0002975 perinephric fat MA:0002975 fatty capsule of kidney sublingual ganglion EHDAA2:0001938 EHDAA:10101 FMA:77591 MA:0002982 UBERON:0005407 UBERON:MA_0002982-FMA_77591 uberon MA circumventricular organ AO notes: MA subdivides into sensory and secretory Brain region located around or in relation to the ventricular system that is highly vascularized and distinguished by the lack of a blood brain barrier. CVO FMA:84081 MA:0002942 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312 UBERON:0005408 circumventricular organ uberon CVO NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312 circumventricular organ Brain region located around or in relation to the ventricular system that is highly vascularized and distinguished by the lack of a blood brain barrier. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312 Wikipedia:Circumventricular_organs gastrointestinal system BTO:0000058 EHDAA2:0000110 EHDAA:514 EMAPA:16246 EV:0100056 FMA:71132 GAID:294 GI tract MA:0000323 MESH:A.03.492 SCTID:373871007 UBERON:0005409 VHOG:0000412 alimentary system alimentary tract gastro-intestinal system gastrointestinal (GI) tract gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System note that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla uberon FMA:71132 gastrointestinal tract MA:0000323 alimentary tract MA:0000323 alimentary system FMA:71132 gastrointestinal system FMA:71132 gastro-intestinal system GAID:294 gastrointestinal (GI) tract GAID:294 GI tract cartilaginous otic capsule EMAPA:18803 TAO:0001500 UBERON:0005410 ZFA:0001500 auditory capsule in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans). todo - check EMAPA uberon ZFA:0001500 auditory capsule bony otic capsule MA:0000252 UBERON:0005411 in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans) uberon optic fissure AAO:0011026 As the eye starts to develop, a gap opens on the underside of each eye bud. This gap provides a way for the developing eye to be nourished. This gap, called the optic fissure, has to close before the eye is fully developed. Coloboma is the incomplete closer of the optic fissure EHDAA:4759 EMAPA:17768 Groove that is in the developing ventral optic cup and through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[ZFA]. a ventral fissure in the developing optic cup through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[Free online medical dictionary]. MA:0001305 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000249 SCTID:361508004 TAO:0001284 UBERON:0005412 VHOG:0000655 XAO:0000474 ZFA:0001284 choroid fissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Gray865.png optic fissures uberon ZFA ZFA MA:0001305 XAO:0000474 ZFA:0001284 choroid fissure Groove that is in the developing ventral optic cup and through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[ZFA]. a ventral fissure in the developing optic cup through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[Free online medical dictionary]. Wikipedia:Choroid_fissure ZFA:0001284 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+fissure https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3083162&group_id=36855 ZFA:0001284 optic fissures spinocerebellar tract GAID:733 MESH:A.08.612.220.725 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005036 The spinocerebellar tract is a set of axonal fibers originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the ipsilateral cerebellum. This tract conveys information to the cerebellum about limb and joint position. UBERON:0005413 uberon The spinocerebellar tract is a set of axonal fibers originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the ipsilateral cerebellum. This tract conveys information to the cerebellum about limb and joint position. Wikipedia:Spinocerebellar_tract zone of polarizing activity AAO:0010763 UBERON:0005414 WP definition generalized to cover limb/fin ZPA an area of mesenchyme that contains signals which instruct the developing limb or fin bud to form along the anterior/posterior axis[WP,cjm]. uberon zona activitatis polarisantis Wikipedia:Zone_of_polarizing_activity an area of mesenchyme that contains signals which instruct the developing limb or fin bud to form along the anterior/posterior axis[WP,cjm]. Wikipedia:Zone_of_polarizing_activity zona activitatis polarisantis ZFA:0001451 ZPA zone of polarizing activity of anterior limb/fin TAO:0001451 UBERON:0005415 ZFA:0001451 anterior ZPA uberon zone of polarizing activity of posterior limb/fin TAO:0001452 UBERON:0005416 ZFA:0001452 posterior ZPA uberon forelimb bud A limb bud that develops into a forelimb. AAO:0010381 BTO:0001645 EHDAA:1699 EMAPA:16406 Genes: Tbx5 specifies forelimbs. Wnt2b restricts Fgf10 in chick // In tetrapods, the position of the forelimb is associated with the anterior expression border of Hoxc6 in the paraxial mesoderm (Burke et al., 1995) MIAA:0000065 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003198 SCTID:346062002 UBERON:0005417 XAO:0003065 anterior limb bud arm bud limb bud - forelimb uberon upper limb bud MIAA:0000065 limb bud - forelimb SCTID:346062002 anterior limb bud A limb bud that develops into a forelimb. OBOL:automatic RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003198 upper limb bud hindlimb bud A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb. AAO:0010382 EHDAA:2358 EMAPA:16779 Genes: Tbx4 specifies hindlimbs. Wnt8c restricts Fgf10 in chick. MIAA:0000256 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003197 SCTID:346164003 UBERON:0005418 XAO:0003066 hind limb bud leg bud limb bud - hindlimb posterior limb bud uberon XAO:0003066 hind limb bud A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb. OBOL:automatic SCTID:346164003 posterior limb bud forelimb/pectoral fin bud A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. TAO:0000141 UBERON:0005419 VHOG:0001259 ZFA:0000141 at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pectoral fin bud' class, but we may in future uberon A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. OBOL:automatic hindlimb/pelvic fin bud A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. TAO:0001384 UBERON:0005420 VHOG:0001260 ZFA:0001384 at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pelvic fin bud' class, but we may in future uberon A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. OBOL:automatic anterior limb/fin apical ectodermal ridge AER forelimb EFO:0003487 EHDAA2:0000138 EMAPA:16778 TAO:0000085 TAO:0000736 UBERON:0005421 VHOG:0001064 ZFA:0000085 apical ectodermal ridge forelimb apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud uberon upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge wing AER Giesha:syn wing AER EHDAA2:0000138 upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge EHDAA2 VHOG:0001064 apical ectodermal ridge forelimb ZFA:0000085 apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud AER forelimb VHOG:0001064 posterior limb/fin apical ectodermal ridge AER hindlimb EHDAA2:0003194 EMAPA:16892 TAO:0001385 UBERON:0005422 VHOG:0001066 ZFA:0001385 apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb leg AER lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge uberon AER hindlimb VHOG:0001066 EHDAA2:0003194 lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge VHOG:0001066 apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb EHDAA2 developing anatomical structure AEO:0000125 EHDAA2:0003125 FBbt:00007006 MIAA:0000019 UBERON:0005423 developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue uberon MIAA:0000019 developmental tissue presumptive retinal pigmented epithelium EHDAA2:0001306 EMAPA:16677 Portion of tissue that is the outer layer of the optic cup and will become the retinal pigmented epithelium. TAO:0000064 UBERON:0005424 VHOG:0000492 ZFA:0000064 optic cup outer layer outer layer optic cup presumptive pigmented epithelia uberon EHDAA2:0001306 optic cup outer layer ZFA:0000064 presumptive pigmented epithelia Portion of tissue that is the outer layer of the optic cup and will become the retinal pigmented epithelium. ZFIN:curator ZFA:0000064 outer layer optic cup presumptive neural retina EHDAA2:0001304 EMAPA:16675 Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. TAO:0001071 UBERON:0005425 VHOG:0000490 ZFA:0001071 inner layer optic cup optic cup inner layer presumptive retinas uberon ZFA:0001071 presumptive retinas Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. ZFIN:curator ZFA:0001071 inner layer optic cup EHDAA2:0001304 optic cup inner layer lens vesicle Development notes: the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals[ZFA] EHDAA2:0000983 EHDAA:4737 EMAPA:17163 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. SCTID:361510002 TAO:0002205 UBERON:0005426 VHOG:0001163 ZFA:0001679 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-090226-2 hollow lens vesicle solid lens vesicle uberon hollow lens vesicle Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. ZFIN:curator https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=994726&aid=3514998&group_id=76834 ZFA:0001679 solid lens vesicle corneal primordium Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. TAO:0002188 UBERON:0005427 ZFA:0001688 uberon Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 ZFA ZFA Obol vagal neural crest EHDAA2:0002156 EHDAA:669 TAO:0000818 UBERON:0005428 VHOG:0001208 Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. XAO:0004191 ZFA:0000818 post-otic neural crest uberon Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. ZFIN:curator ZFA:0000818 post-otic neural crest dorsal pancreatic duct EHDAA2:0001372 EHDAA:3013 EHDAA:9188 EMAPA:17505 EMAPA:17512 EMAPA:18818 EMAPA:18825 FMA:14534 MA:0000125 Most people have just one pancreatic duct. However, some have an additional accessory pancreatic duct also called the Duct of Santorini, which connects straight to the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla. Both these ducts connect to the second part (the vertical one) of the duodenum. However, the Duct of Santorini, which bypasses the Ampulla of Vater, is non-functional whereas the Duct of Wirsung is functional and carries the digestive enzymes released by the pancreas. It is named for Giovanni Domenico Santorini. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000417 SCTID:245386000 Santorini's duct UBERON:0005429 UBERON:0005603 VHOG:0000255 accessory pancreatic duct accessory pancreatic duct of santorini duct of Santorini ductus pancreaticus accessorius pancreatic duct of santorini uberon Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct accessory pancreatic duct of santorini Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct pancreatic duct of santorini MA:0000125 accessory pancreatic duct FMA:14534 Santorini's duct EHDAA2 FMA:14534 Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct duct of Santorini Most people have just one pancreatic duct. However, some have an additional accessory pancreatic duct also called the Duct of Santorini, which connects straight to the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla. Both these ducts connect to the second part (the vertical one) of the duodenum. However, the Duct of Santorini, which bypasses the Ampulla of Vater, is non-functional whereas the Duct of Wirsung is functional and carries the digestive enzymes released by the pancreas. It is named for Giovanni Domenico Santorini. Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct FMA Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct ductus pancreaticus accessorius ansa cervicalis EHDAA2:0000124 EHDAA:6669 FMA:55142 SCTID:362474000 The ansa cervicalis (or ansa hypoglossi in older literature) is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. It lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath. Branches from the ansa cervicalis innervate three of the four infrahyoid muscles, including the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, and the omohyoid muscle. UBERON:0005430 ansa hypoglossi uberon Wikipedia:Ansa_cervicalis ansa hypoglossi The ansa cervicalis (or ansa hypoglossi in older literature) is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. It lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath. Branches from the ansa cervicalis innervate three of the four infrahyoid muscles, including the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, and the omohyoid muscle. Wikipedia:Ansa_cervicalis anterior spinal artery Anterior medial spinal artery EHDAA2:0000131 EHDAA:6382 EMAPA:18242 FMA:50531 In human anatomy, the anterior spinal artery is the blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. SCTID:181329004 UBERON:0005431 Ventral spinal artery anterior spinal arteries arteria spinalis anterior ncithesaurus:Anterior_Spinal_Artery uberon ventral artery of the spinal cord Anterior medial spinal artery FMA:50531 Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery arteria spinalis anterior FMA:50531 Ventral spinal artery Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery anterior spinal arteries In human anatomy, the anterior spinal artery is the blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery ventral artery of the spinal cord Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery arteria spinalis anterior aortic sac EHDAA2:0004145 EHDAA:9826 FMA:71008 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000133 SCTID:361527005 UBERON:0005432 the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD]. uberon http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD]. EHDAA2 EHDAA2 autonomic peripheral nervous system EHDAA2:0000158 EHDAA:3767 EMAPA:16984 FMA:65553 MESH:A.08.800.050 SCTID:429921001 TODO - check ANS, PNS UBERON:0005433 autonomic division of peripheral nervous system autonomic part of peripheral nervous system divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici peripheral autonomic nervous system peripheral part of autonomic nervous system uberon FMA:65553 FMA:TA pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici FMA:65553 autonomic division of peripheral nervous system FMA:65553 peripheral autonomic nervous system FMA:65553 FMA:TA divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici FMA:65553 autonomic part of peripheral nervous system FMA:65553 peripheral part of autonomic nervous system cervical region FMA:24219 SCTID:123958008 UBERON:0005434 cervical region neck subdivision region of neck subdivision of neck uberon FMA:24219 neck subdivision FMA:24219 region of neck FMA:24219 cervical region FMA:24219 subdivision of neck cisterna chyli Atypical confluence of lymph trunks Chyle cistern Cistern of Pecquet EHDAA2:0000253 EHDAA:8679 FMA:5835 SCTID:279088007 The cisterna chyli (or cysterna chyli, and etymologically more correct, receptaculum chyli) is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. UBERON:0005435 chyle cistern cysterna chyli ncithesaurus:Chyle_Cistern uberon Cistern of Pecquet FMA:5835 Chyle cistern FMA:5835 Atypical confluence of lymph trunks FMA:5835 Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli chyle cistern The cisterna chyli (or cysterna chyli, and etymologically more correct, receptaculum chyli) is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli cysterna chyli common hepatic artery EHDAA2:0000308 EHDAA:8570 FMA:14771 In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches: SCTID:244263001 UBERON:0005436 arteria hepatica communis common hepatic galen:CommonHepaticArtery uberon Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery arteria hepatica communis Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery common hepatic In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches: Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery conus medullaris EHDAA2:0000315 EHDAA:6684 EMAPA:18219 FMA:74897 SCTID:315472009 The conus medullaris is the terminal end of the spinal cord. It occurs near lumbar vertebral levels 1 (L1) and 2 (L2). After the spinal cord tapers out, the spinal nerves continue as dangling nerve roots called cauda equina. This terminal nerve root tail is referred to as the filum terminale. The upper end of the conus medullaris is usually not well defined. UBERON:0005437 VHOG:0000546 medullary cone ncithesaurus:Conus_Medullaris termination of the spinal cord uberon The conus medullaris is the terminal end of the spinal cord. It occurs near lumbar vertebral levels 1 (L1) and 2 (L2). After the spinal cord tapers out, the spinal nerves continue as dangling nerve roots called cauda equina. This terminal nerve root tail is referred to as the filum terminale. The upper end of the conus medullaris is usually not well defined. Wikipedia:Conus_medullaris coronary sinus EHDAA2:0000320 EHDAA:9884 FMA:4706 SCTID:244386006 The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium of the heart. It is present in humans and other animals. The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium, between the inferior vena cava and the auriculo-ventricular opening. It returns the blood from the substance of the heart, and is protected by a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the auricle, the coronary valve. (valve of Thebesius). The sinus, before entering the auricle, is considerably dilated - nearly to the size of the end of the little finger. Its wall is partly muscular, and at its junction with the great coronary vein is somewhat constricted and furnished with a valve consisting of two unequal segments. - Gray 462 UBERON:0005438 ncithesaurus:Coronary_Sinus sinus coronarius sinus coronarius uberon The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium of the heart. It is present in humans and other animals. The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium, between the inferior vena cava and the auriculo-ventricular opening. It returns the blood from the substance of the heart, and is protected by a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the auricle, the coronary valve. (valve of Thebesius). The sinus, before entering the auricle, is considerably dilated - nearly to the size of the end of the little finger. Its wall is partly muscular, and at its junction with the great coronary vein is somewhat constricted and furnished with a valve consisting of two unequal segments. - Gray 462 Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus sinus coronarius definitive endoderm EFO:0002574 EHDAA2:0000337 EHDAA:218 EMAPA:16070 Embryonic endoderm FMA:85519 UBERON:0005439 VHOG:0000751 uberon Embryonic endoderm FMA:85519 ductus arteriosus A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta[MESH]. In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus is a shunt connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus' fluid-filled lungs, protecting the lungs from being overworked and allowing the left ventricle to strengthen. There are two other fetal shunts, the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale[MP]. the fetal vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta; the ductus arteriosus normally regresses into a fibrous cord, the ligamentum arteriousum after birth[MP] Botallo's duct EFO:0002515 EHDAA2:0000420 EHDAA:6462 EMAPA:17858 FMA:79871 MA:0001947 MESH:A.07.541.278.395 SCTID:253684002 UBERON:0005440 VHOG:0000923 arterial canal arterial duct ductus Botallo ductus arteriosis ductus arteriosum ductus botalli ductus layton fetal ductus arteriosus galen:DuctusArteriosus ncithesaurus:Ductus_Arteriosus uberon MP:0010564 arterial duct MP:0010564 ductus Botallo Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus ductus arteriosum Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus ductus botalli EHDAA2 Wikipedia MP:0010564 fetal ductus arteriosus Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus ductus arteriosis Botallo's duct Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus MP:0010564 arterial canal A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta[MESH]. In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus is a shunt connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus' fluid-filled lungs, protecting the lungs from being overworked and allowing the left ventricle to strengthen. There are two other fetal shunts, the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale[MP]. the fetal vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta; the ductus arteriosus normally regresses into a fibrous cord, the ligamentum arteriousum after birth[MP] MESH:A.07.541.278.395 MP:0010564 Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus ductus layton external intercostal muscle EHDAA2:0000465 EHDAA:8260 FMA:9756 MA:0002325 SCTID:244878003 The Intercostales externi (External intercostals) are eleven in number on either side. They extend from the tubercles of the ribs behind, to the cartilages of the ribs in front, where they end in thin membranes, the anterior intercostal membranes, which are continued forward to the sternum. Each arises from the lower border of a rib, and is inserted into the upper border of the rib below. In the two lower spaces they extend to the ends of the cartilages, and in the upper two or three spaces they do not quite reach the ends of the ribs. They are thicker than the Intercostales interni, and their fibers are directed obliquely downward and laterally on the back of the thorax, and downward, forward, and medially on the front (the example is often used of sticking one's hands in their pocket and noting the direction of the fingers pointing downward and medially). UBERON:0005441 external intercostal muscle external intercostals intercostal muscle external layer intercostales externi intercostales externi muscle intercostales externi muscles intercostales externus intercostalis externus intercostals external intercostals external muscle musculi intercostales externi ncithesaurus:External_Intercostal_Muscle uberon MA:0002325 intercostal muscle external layer Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles external intercostals Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles intercostals external muscle Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles intercostales externi muscle Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles intercostalis externus The Intercostales externi (External intercostals) are eleven in number on either side. They extend from the tubercles of the ribs behind, to the cartilages of the ribs in front, where they end in thin membranes, the anterior intercostal membranes, which are continued forward to the sternum. Each arises from the lower border of a rib, and is inserted into the upper border of the rib below. In the two lower spaces they extend to the ends of the cartilages, and in the upper two or three spaces they do not quite reach the ends of the ribs. They are thicker than the Intercostales interni, and their fibers are directed obliquely downward and laterally on the back of the thorax, and downward, forward, and medially on the front (the example is often used of sticking one's hands in their pocket and noting the direction of the fingers pointing downward and medially). Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles FMA MA:0002325 intercostales externus Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles intercostals external dbpedia Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles intercostales externi EHDAA2 Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles external intercostal muscle Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles musculi intercostales externi Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles intercostales externi muscles Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles musculi intercostales externi external oblique EHDAA2:0000469 EHDAA:8248 EMAPA:18162 FMA:13335 MA:0002345 SCTID:244946005 The external oblique muscle (of the abdomen) (also external abdominal oblique muscle) is the largest and the most superficial (outermost) of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen. UBERON:0005442 VHOG:0000788 external abdominal oblique external abdominal oblique muscle external abdominal oblique muscle external oblique external oblique abdominal muscles external oblique abdominis external oblique abdominis muscle external oblique muscle m. obliquus externus abdominis ncithesaurus:External_Oblique_Muscle oblique strength obliquus abdominis externus obliquus externus obliquus externus abdominis obliquus externus abdominis obliquus externus abdominis muscle uberon Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle m. obliquus externus abdominis dbpedia Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle obliquus externus abdominis muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle external oblique abdominis FMA:13335 external abdominal oblique muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle obliquus abdominis externus Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle external abdominal oblique FMA Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle external oblique muscle MA:0002345 obliquus externus abdominis The external oblique muscle (of the abdomen) (also external abdominal oblique muscle) is the largest and the most superficial (outermost) of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen. Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle obliquus externus abdominis dbpedia lower 6 intercostal nerve + subcostal nerve Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle external oblique abdominal muscles Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle external oblique abdominis muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle obliquus externus Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle external oblique Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle oblique strength EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle external abdominal oblique muscle filum terminale EHDAA2:0000510 EHDAA:6686 EMAPA:18220 FMA:83977 SCTID:361344005 The filum terminale ("terminal thread"), is a delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm. in length, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris. It gives longitudinal support to the spinal cord and consists of two parts: The upper part, or filum terminale internum, is about 15 cm. long and reaches as far as the lower border of the second sacral vertebra. It is continuous above with the pia mater and contained within a tubular sheath of the dura mater. In addition, it is surrounded by the nerves forming the cauda equina, from which it can be easily recognized by its bluish-white color. The lower part, or filum terminale externum, closely adheres to the dura mater. It extends downward from the apex of the tubular sheath and is attached to the back of the first segment of the coccyx in a structure sometimes referred to as the coccygeal ligament. The most inferior of the spinal nerves, the coccygeal nerve leaves the spinal cord at the level of the conus medullaris, superior to the filum terminale. However, adhering to the outer surface of the filum terminale are a few strands of nerve fibers which probably represent rudimentary second and third coccygeal nerves. Furthermore, the central canal of the spinal cord extends 5 to 6 cm. beyond the conus medullaris, downward into the filum terminale. UBERON:0005443 VHOG:0000547 coccygeal ligament filum terminale segment of pia mater pars pialis fili terminalis terminal filum uberon The filum terminale ("terminal thread"), is a delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm. in length, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris. It gives longitudinal support to the spinal cord and consists of two parts: The upper part, or filum terminale internum, is about 15 cm. long and reaches as far as the lower border of the second sacral vertebra. It is continuous above with the pia mater and contained within a tubular sheath of the dura mater. In addition, it is surrounded by the nerves forming the cauda equina, from which it can be easily recognized by its bluish-white color. The lower part, or filum terminale externum, closely adheres to the dura mater. It extends downward from the apex of the tubular sheath and is attached to the back of the first segment of the coccyx in a structure sometimes referred to as the coccygeal ligament. The most inferior of the spinal nerves, the coccygeal nerve leaves the spinal cord at the level of the conus medullaris, superior to the filum terminale. However, adhering to the outer surface of the filum terminale are a few strands of nerve fibers which probably represent rudimentary second and third coccygeal nerves. Furthermore, the central canal of the spinal cord extends 5 to 6 cm. beyond the conus medullaris, downward into the filum terminale. Wikipedia:Filum_terminale FMA:83977 terminal filum FMA:83977 FMA:TA pars pialis fili terminalis FMA:83977 filum terminale segment of pia mater first polar body UBERON:0005444 belongs in CL polocytus primarius true uberon FMA:18650 polocytus primarius segment of foot FMA:24993 SCTID:362887000 UBERON:0005445 foot region foot subdivision regio pedis segment of foot subdivision of foot uberon FMA:24993 foot region FMA:24993 subdivision of foot FMA:24993 foot subdivision FMA:24993 FMA:TA regio pedis FMA:24993 segment of foot foramen rotundum AAO to be checked AAO:0000194 EHDAA2:0000552 EHDAA:10629 EMAPA:18712 FMA:53154 SCTID:369439002 The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. UBERON:0005446 foramen rotundum of the skull foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis uberon The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum foramen rotundum of the skull Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis bladder fundus UBERON:0005447 UBERON:0006081 UBERON:0006082 true uberon greater omentum EHDAA2:0000720 EHDAA:6071 EMAPA:18660 EMAPA:18904 EV:0100085 FMA:9580 SCTID:362711003 The greater omentum (also the great omentum, omentum majus, gastrocolic omentum, epiploön, or, especially in animals, caul) is a large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, and extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon. UBERON:0005448 VHOG:0000356 caul epiploic epiplooen epiploon epiploön gastrocolic omentum great omentum ncithesaurus:Greater_Omentum omentectomy omentum majus uberon Wikipedia:Greater_omentum epiplooen Wikipedia:Greater_omentum omentum majus Wikipedia Wikipedia:Greater_omentum epiploon Wikipedia:Greater_omentum epiploic FMA Wikipedia:Greater_omentum caul Wikipedia The greater omentum (also the great omentum, omentum majus, gastrocolic omentum, epiploön, or, especially in animals, caul) is a large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, and extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon. Wikipedia:Greater_omentum OG Wikipedia:Greater_omentum omentum majus Wikipedia:Greater_omentum great omentum Wikipedia:Greater_omentum omentectomy Wikipedia:Greater_omentum epiploön Wikipedia:Greater_omentum gastrocolic omentum greater sac EHDAA2:0000722 EHDAA:2327 EMAPA:16885 EMAPA:18453 FMA:19799 MA:0000448 UBERON:0005449 VHOG:0000858 general cavity of the abdomen peritoneal cavity greater sac peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity proper the cavity in the abdomen that is inside the peritoneum but outside of the lesser sac. [WP,unvetted]. uberon Wikipedia:Greater_sac general cavity of the abdomen MA:0000448 peritoneal cavity greater sac Wikipedia:Greater_sac peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity proper Wikipedia:Greater_sac the cavity in the abdomen that is inside the peritoneum but outside of the lesser sac. [WP,unvetted]. greater sac cavity EHDAA2:0000724 EMAPA:16886 EMAPA:18454 FMA:9691 UBERON:0005450 VHOG:0000528 cavity of greater sac cavum peritonei greater peritoneal cavity uberon FMA:9691 greater peritoneal cavity FMA:9691 cavity of greater sac FMA:9691 cavum peritonei segment of hand FMA:24945 SCTID:127950000 UBERON:0005451 hand region hand subdivision segment of hand subdivision of hand uberon FMA:24945 subdivision of hand FMA:24945 hand region FMA:24945 hand subdivision FMA:24945 segment of hand hepatic plate Composed of hepatocytes, usually only one cell thick. The spaces between hepatic plates are occupied by sinusoids. FMA:14655 UBERON:0005452 hepatic cord hepatic lamina lamina hepatica liver cell plate uberon Composed of hepatocytes, usually only one cell thick. The spaces between hepatic plates are occupied by sinusoids. ISBN:0387949542 FMA:14655 lamina hepatica FMA:14655 hepatic cord FMA:14655 liver cell plate FMA:14655 hepatic lamina inferior mesenteric ganglion EHDAA2:0000818 EHDAA:8948 FMA:77590 SCTID:279277007 UBERON:0005453 a ganglion located near where the inferior mesenteric artery branches from the abdominal aorta[WP]. ganglion mesentericum inferius uberon Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_ganglion a ganglion located near where the inferior mesenteric artery branches from the abdominal aorta[WP]. Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_ganglion ganglion mesentericum inferius internal oblique EHDAA2:0000879 EHDAA:8250 EMAPA:18163 FMA:13891 MA:0002346 Obliquus internus abdominis SCTID:244947001 The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle. UBERON:0005454 VHOG:0000789 abdominal internal oblique internal abdominal oblique internal abdominal oblique muscle internal oblique abdominal internal oblique abdominis internal oblique abdominis muscle internal oblique muscle musculus obliquus internus abdominis ncithesaurus:Internal_Oblique_Muscle obliqui internus obliquus internus obliquus internus abdominis obliquus internus abdominis obliquus internus abdominis muscle obliquus internus abdominis muscle uberon MA:0002346 obliquus internus abdominis Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle obliquus internus The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle. Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle musculus obliquus internus abdominis Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle internal oblique abdominis muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle internal oblique abdominis Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle obliquus internus abdominis muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle internal abdominal oblique muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle internal oblique muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle internal abdominal oblique Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle internal oblique abdominal Inguinal ligament Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia. dbpedia Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle obliqui internus Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs. dbpedia Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs. dbpedia Obliquus internus abdominis Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle FMA:13891 obliquus internus abdominis muscle Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle abdominal internal oblique Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle obliquus internus abdominis interventricular groove EHDAA:1918 EMAPA:17336 FMA:7223 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000884 SCTID:277708006 UBERON:0005455 VHOG:0000790 interventricular sulcus uberon FMA:7223 interventricular sulcus EHDAA2 jugular foramen AAO:0000249 EHDAA2:0000893 EHDAA:10631 EMAPA:18713 FMA:56432 Posterior lacerate foramen SCTID:361735006 The jugular foramen is a large aperture in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side UBERON:0005456 VHOG:0001113 foramen jugulare ncithesaurus:Jugular_Foramen uberon Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen foramen jugulare The jugular foramen is a large aperture in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen FMA:56432 Posterior lacerate foramen left thymus lobe FMA:71195 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000964 SCTID:188079002 UBERON:0005457 left lobe of thymus left thymic lobe uberon FMA:71195 left thymic lobe FMA:71195 left lobe of thymus left umbilical artery EHDAA2:0000966 EMAPA:16544 FMA:18822 UBERON:0005458 uberon left umbilical vein EHDAA2:0000967 EMAPA:16358 EMAPA:16377 FMA:70320 SCTID:308833008 UBERON:0005459 uberon left vitelline vein EHDAA2:0000971 EMAPA:16380 EMAPA:16698 FMA:70307 SCTID:361446008 UBERON:0005460 uberon levator scapulae EHDAA2:0000992 EHDAA:8309 FMA:32519 SCTID:279236008 The levator scapulae is situated at the back and side of the neck. UBERON:0005461 levator scapul%c3%a6 levator scapula levator scapulae muscle musculus levator scapulae uberon Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle levator scapul%c3%a6 Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle musculus levator scapulae The levator scapulae is situated at the back and side of the neck. Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle levator scapula EHDAA2 EHDAA2 Superior part of medial border of scapula dbpedia Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae dbpedia Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle levator scapulae muscle cervical nerve and dorsal scapular nerve dbpedia lower back FMA:61681 MA:0000027 SCTID:182343007 Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]. UBERON:0005462 abdominal back back of abdomen dorsum of abdomen lower back lumbar part of back lumbar region lumbar region of back ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Region posterior part of abdomen regio lumbalis todo - split lower back from lumbar region? uberon MA:0000027 lower back FMA:61681 dorsum of abdomen FMA:61681 Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]. FMA:61681 lumbar region FMA:61681 posterior part of abdomen FMA:61681 lumbar part of back UBERON:cjm lumbar region of back FMA:61681 abdominal back FMA:61681 FMA:TA regio lumbalis FMA:61681 back of abdomen MA marginal sinus of lymph node EHDAA2:0001064 EHDAA:8693 FMA:50766 SCTID:361511003 The subcapsular sinus (lymph path, lymph sinus, marginal sinus) is a region within the lymph node immediately deep to the capsule that contains relatively sparse lymphocytes. It thus allows lymph to flow freely through it. The lymph node contains lymphoid tissue, i.e. , a meshwork or fibers called reticulum with white blood cells enmeshed in it. The regions where there are few cells within the meshwork are known lymph sinus. It is lined by reticular cells, fibroblasts and fixed macrophages. Thus, subcapsular (sub=below) sinus lies immediately deep to the capsule of the lymph node and immediately above the cortex. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae (the extensions of capsule within the substance of the lymph node). The subcapsular sinus is of clinical importance as it is the most likely location where the earliest manifestations of a metastatic carcinoma in a lymph node would be found. UBERON:0005463 lymph path lymph sinus marginal sinus ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Sinus ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Subcapsular_Sinus subcapsular sinus todo - add syns to disambiguate from rodent speen marginal sinus uberon Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus lymph sinus The subcapsular sinus (lymph path, lymph sinus, marginal sinus) is a region within the lymph node immediately deep to the capsule that contains relatively sparse lymphocytes. It thus allows lymph to flow freely through it. The lymph node contains lymphoid tissue, i.e. , a meshwork or fibers called reticulum with white blood cells enmeshed in it. The regions where there are few cells within the meshwork are known lymph sinus. It is lined by reticular cells, fibroblasts and fixed macrophages. Thus, subcapsular (sub=below) sinus lies immediately deep to the capsule of the lymph node and immediately above the cortex. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae (the extensions of capsule within the substance of the lymph node). The subcapsular sinus is of clinical importance as it is the most likely location where the earliest manifestations of a metastatic carcinoma in a lymph node would be found. Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus FMA:50766 marginal sinus Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus lymph path Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus subcapsular sinus median sacral artery EHDAA2:0001087 EHDAA:2556 EMAPA:19214 FMA:14757 Middle sacral artery SCTID:244282005 The median sacral artery (or middle sacral artery) is a small vessel, which arises from the back of the aorta, a little above its bifurcation. It descends in the middle line in front of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum and coccyx, and ends in the glomus coccygeum (coccygeal gland). From it, minute branches are said to pass to the posterior surface of the rectum. On the last lumbar vertebra it anastomoses with the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery; in front of the sacrum it anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries, and sends offsets into the anterior sacral foramina. It is crossed by the left common iliac vein, and is accompanied by a pair of venæ comitantes; these unite to form a single vessel, which opens into the left common iliac vein. UBERON:0005464 VHOG:0000756 arteria sacralis mediana coccygeal branches middle sacral middle sacral artery uberon The median sacral artery (or middle sacral artery) is a small vessel, which arises from the back of the aorta, a little above its bifurcation. It descends in the middle line in front of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum and coccyx, and ends in the glomus coccygeum (coccygeal gland). From it, minute branches are said to pass to the posterior surface of the rectum. On the last lumbar vertebra it anastomoses with the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery; in front of the sacrum it anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries, and sends offsets into the anterior sacral foramina. It is crossed by the left common iliac vein, and is accompanied by a pair of venæ comitantes; these unite to form a single vessel, which opens into the left common iliac vein. Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery middle sacral artery Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery middle sacral Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery coccygeal branches FMA:14757 Middle sacral artery Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery arteria sacralis mediana obturator nerve EHDAA2:0001282 EHDAA:5657 FMA:16487 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.450.600 SCTID:181052006 The obturator nerve arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small. UBERON:0005465 ncithesaurus:Obturator_Nerve nervus obturatorius uberon The obturator nerve arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small. Wikipedia:Obturator_nerve Wikipedia:Obturator_nerve nervus obturatorius paravertebral ganglia Along the length of the sympathetic trunk are ganglia known as ganglia of sympathetic trunk or paravertebral ganglia. The ganglia are distinguished as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral and, except in the neck, they closely correspond in number to the vertebrae. EHDAA2:0001403 EHDAA:5635 FMA:80128 Paravertebral ganglia Paravertebral ganglia set UBERON:0005466 ganglia of sympathetic trunk ganglia trunci sympathici paravertebral ganglion sympathetic chain ganglia uberon FMA:80128 Paravertebral ganglia Along the length of the sympathetic trunk are ganglia known as ganglia of sympathetic trunk or paravertebral ganglia. The ganglia are distinguished as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral and, except in the neck, they closely correspond in number to the vertebrae. Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia FMA:80128 Paravertebral ganglia set Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia paravertebral ganglion Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia ganglia trunci sympathici Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia sympathetic chain ganglia Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia ganglia of sympathetic trunk platysma BTO:0005124 EHDAA2:0001474 EHDAA:8270 EMAPA:18190 FMA:45738 SCTID:244754004 The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid. It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medially along the side of the neck. The anterior fibers interlace, below and behind the symphysis menti, with the fibers of the muscle of the opposite side; the posterior fibers cross the mandible, some being inserted into the bone below the oblique line, others into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the face. Many of these fibers blend with the muscles about the angle and lower part of the mouth. Sometimes fibers can be traced to the zygomaticus, or to the margin of the orbicularis oculi. Beneath the platysma, the external jugular vein descends from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle. UBERON:0005467 VHOG:0000931 ncithesaurus:Platysma_Myoides neck platysma muscle platysma cervicale platysma muscle platysma myoides uberon The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid. It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medially along the side of the neck. The anterior fibers interlace, below and behind the symphysis menti, with the fibers of the muscle of the opposite side; the posterior fibers cross the mandible, some being inserted into the bone below the oblique line, others into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the face. Many of these fibers blend with the muscles about the angle and lower part of the mouth. Sometimes fibers can be traced to the zygomaticus, or to the margin of the orbicularis oculi. Beneath the platysma, the external jugular vein descends from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle. Wikipedia:Platysma_muscle BTO:0005124 neck platysma muscle EMAPA cervical branch of the facial nerve dbpedia base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris dbpedia base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris dbpedia BTO:0005124 platysma muscle EHDAA2 right thymus lobe FMA:71194 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001758 SCTID:187981000 UBERON:0005469 right lobe of thymus right thymic lobe uberon FMA:71194 right thymic lobe FMA:71194 right lobe of thymus right umbilical artery EHDAA2:0001760 EMAPA:16545 FMA:18821 UBERON:0005470 uberon right umbilical vein EHDAA2:0001761 EMAPA:16359 EMAPA:16378 FMA:70319 SCTID:361447004 UBERON:0005471 uberon right vitelline vein EHDAA2:0001766 EMAPA:16381 EMAPA:16699 FMA:70306 SCTID:361445007 UBERON:0005472 uberon sacral region FMA:24228 SCTID:182344001 TODO - split sacral from sacrococcygeal UBERON:0005473 back of pelvis pelvic back posterior part of pelvis regio sacralis sacral part of pelvis uberon FMA:24228 FMA:TA regio sacralis FMA:24228 pelvic back FMA:24228 sacral part of pelvis FMA:24228 back of pelvis FMA:24228 posterior part of pelvis second polar body Polocytus secundarius UBERON:0005474 belongs in CL true uberon FMA:18651 Polocytus secundarius sigmoid sinus EHDAA2:0001838 EHDAA:9880 EMAPA:19060 FMA:50782 SCTID:279264003 The sigmoid sinuses, within a human head, are 2 areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. They drain from the transverse sinuses (under the back of the brain) to the internal jugular vein. Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath the temporal bone and follows a tortuous course to the jugular foramen, at which point the sinus becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein. UBERON:0005475 VHOG:0001337 ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Sinus sulcus sigmoideus uberon Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus sulcus sigmoideus The sigmoid sinuses, within a human head, are 2 areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. They drain from the transverse sinuses (under the back of the brain) to the internal jugular vein. Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath the temporal bone and follows a tortuous course to the jugular foramen, at which point the sinus becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein. Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus spinal nerve trunk EHDAA2:0001900 FMA:5929 UBERON:0005476 spinal nerve (trunk) spinal neural trunk trunk of spinal nerve uberon FMA:5929 spinal neural trunk FMA:5929 spinal nerve (trunk) FMA:5929 trunk of spinal nerve stomach fundus epithelium EHDAA2:0001921 FMA:17277 UBERON:0005477 VHOG:0000878 epithelium of fundus of stomach gastric epithelium of fundus gastric fundus epithelium uberon FMA:17277 epithelium of fundus of stomach FMA:17277 gastric fundus epithelium FMA:17277 gastric epithelium of fundus sulcus limitans of neural tube A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall of the embryo; stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. UBERON:0005478 neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans sulcus limitans uberon EHDAA2:0001265 neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans EHDAA2 A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall of the embryo; stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Sulcus+limitans superior mesenteric ganglion EHDAA2:0001950 EHDAA:8950 FMA:77589 In the upper part of the superior mesenteric plexus close to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery is a ganglion, the superior mesenteric ganglion. The superior mesenteric ganglion is the synapsing point for one of the pre- and post-synaptic nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomous nervous system. This nerve goes on to innervate part of the large intestine. SCTID:279276003 UBERON:0005479 ganglion mesentericum superius superior mesenteric ganglia uberon In the upper part of the superior mesenteric plexus close to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery is a ganglion, the superior mesenteric ganglion. The superior mesenteric ganglion is the synapsing point for one of the pre- and post-synaptic nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomous nervous system. This nerve goes on to innervate part of the large intestine. Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion ganglion mesentericum superius Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion ganglion mesentericum superius Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion superior mesenteric ganglia superior orbital fissure EHDAA2:0001952 EHDAA:10650 EMAPA:18718 FMA:54799 SCTID:280559002 TODO add generic foramen class The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone. UBERON:0005480 VHOG:0000553 fissura orbitalis superior sphenoidal fissure uberon The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone. Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure sphenoidal fissure Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure fissura orbitalis superior Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure fissura orbitalis superior tentorial sinus EHDAA2:0002003 EHDAA:9882 FMA:50769 The straight sinus (also known by the alternate anatomical term tentorial sinus), within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head towards the back. It drains from the inferior sagittal sinus (from the center of the brain) to the transverse sinuses (at the back of the head), then to the sigmoid sinuses below the brain. See diagram (at right): labeled in the brain as "" . The straight sinus (tentorial sinus) is situated along the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. It forms from the confluence of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein (great vein of Galen). In cross-section it is triangular, contains a few transverse bands across its interior, and increases in size as it proceeds backward. It receives the superior cerebellar veins. The terminal part of the straight sinus drains into the confluence of the sinuses. UBERON:0005481 ncithesaurus:Straight_Sinus rectus sinus retired in ncit sinus rectus straight sinus straight sinus vein uberon The straight sinus (also known by the alternate anatomical term tentorial sinus), within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head towards the back. It drains from the inferior sagittal sinus (from the center of the brain) to the transverse sinuses (at the back of the head), then to the sigmoid sinuses below the brain. See diagram (at right): labeled in the brain as "" . The straight sinus (tentorial sinus) is situated along the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. It forms from the confluence of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein (great vein of Galen). In cross-section it is triangular, contains a few transverse bands across its interior, and increases in size as it proceeds backward. It receives the superior cerebellar veins. The terminal part of the straight sinus drains into the confluence of the sinuses. Wikipedia:Straight_sinus Wikipedia:Straight_sinus straight sinus Wikipedia:Straight_sinus rectus sinus Wikipedia:Straight_sinus straight sinus vein Wikipedia:Straight_sinus sinus rectus thoracic region FMA:20358 SCTID:425803006 UBERON:0005482 in FMA, this has subtypes anterior chest, chest wall, ... - but not thorax itself. subdivision of thorax thoracic region thoracic subdivision uberon FMA:20358 subdivision of thorax FMA:20358 thoracic region FMA:20358 thoracic subdivision thymus lobe FMA:71193 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002021 UBERON:0005483 lobe of thymus uberon FMA:71193 lobe of thymus tricuspid valve leaflet EMAPA:18630 FMA:7237 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002082 SCTID:276830008 UBERON:0005484 VHOG:0000821 leaflet of tricuspid valve tricuspid valve leaflet tricuspid valvular leaflet uberon FMA:7237 tricuspid valvular leaflet FMA:7237 tricuspid valve leaflet FMA:7237 leaflet of tricuspid valve valve of inferior vena cava EHDAA2:0002166 EHDAA:8631 FMA:9240 SCTID:277722006 The valve of the inferior vena cava (eustachian valve) lies at the junction of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. In fetal life, the Eustachian valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left atrium via the foramen ovale (preventing blood flowing into the right ventricle). Before birth, oxygen rich blood returning from the placenta mixes with blood from the hepatic veins in the inferior vena cava. Streaming this blood across the atrial septum via the foramen ovale increases the oxygen content of blood in the left atrium. This in turn increases the oxygen concentration of blood in the left ventricle, the aorta, the coronary circulation and the circulation of the developing brain. Following birth and separation from the placenta, the oxygen content in the inferior vena cava falls. With the onset of breathing, the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. As blood flow to the lungs increases, the amount of blood flow entering the left atrium increases. When the pressure in the left atrium exceeds the pressure in the right atrium, the foramen ovale begins to close and limits the blood flow between the left and right atrium. While the Eustachian valve persists in adult life, it is essentially vestigial. Eustachian Valve (EV), also called valvulae venae cavae inferioris, was described for the first time by the Italian anatomist: Bartolomeo Eustachi (born between 1500 and 1513, died 1574). UBERON:0005485 editor note: this class should be subdivided into the embryonic structure and the vestigial adult remnant, a small endocardialfold eustachean valve eustachian valve inferior vena cava valve ncithesaurus:Eustachian_Valve uberon valve of the inferior vena cava valvula venae cavae inferioris FMA:9240 inferior vena cava valve Wikipedia:Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava valvula venae cavae inferioris Wikipedia:Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava valve of the inferior vena cava FMA:9240 eustachian valve FMA:9240 eustachean valve The valve of the inferior vena cava (eustachian valve) lies at the junction of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. In fetal life, the Eustachian valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left atrium via the foramen ovale (preventing blood flowing into the right ventricle). Before birth, oxygen rich blood returning from the placenta mixes with blood from the hepatic veins in the inferior vena cava. Streaming this blood across the atrial septum via the foramen ovale increases the oxygen content of blood in the left atrium. This in turn increases the oxygen concentration of blood in the left ventricle, the aorta, the coronary circulation and the circulation of the developing brain. Following birth and separation from the placenta, the oxygen content in the inferior vena cava falls. With the onset of breathing, the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. As blood flow to the lungs increases, the amount of blood flow entering the left atrium increases. When the pressure in the left atrium exceeds the pressure in the right atrium, the foramen ovale begins to close and limits the blood flow between the left and right atrium. While the Eustachian valve persists in adult life, it is essentially vestigial. Eustachian Valve (EV), also called valvulae venae cavae inferioris, was described for the first time by the Italian anatomist: Bartolomeo Eustachi (born between 1500 and 1513, died 1574). Wikipedia:Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava venous dural sinus EHDAA2:0002169 EHDAA:6491 EMAPA:18634 FMA:50762 MA:0002113 SCTID:54944003 The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain.[1] They receive blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. UBERON:0005486 VHOG:0001004 cranial dural venous sinus dural sinus dural venous sinus editor note: the MA placement should be checked s. durae matris uberon venous dural venous dural sinus EHDAA2:0002169 venous dural sinus Wikipedia:Dural_venous_sinuses s. durae matris FMA:50762 dural sinus FMA:50762 dural venous sinus FMA:50762 cranial dural venous sinus EHDAA:6491 venous dural The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain.[1] They receive blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. Wikipedia:Dural_venous_sinuses vitelline vein EMAPA:16244 EMAPA:16379 EMAPA:26151 FMA:70305 One of two veins which drain blood from the yolk sac. They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002209 TAO:0005035 UBERON:0005487 XAO:0004147 ZFA:0005035 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray475.png ncithesaurus:Vitelline_Vein omphalomesenteric vein todo - check zfa uberon One of two veins which drain blood from the yolk sac. They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids. Wikipedia:Vitelline_veins EMAPA:16244 omphalomesenteric vein superior mesenteric plexus FMA:6639 SCTID:362493003 The superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, receiving a branch from the junction of the right vagus nerve with the plexus. It surrounds the superior mesenteric artery, accompanies it into the mesentery, and divides into a number of secondary plexuses, which are distributed to all the parts supplied by the artery, viz. , pancreatic branches to the pancreas; intestinal branches to the small intestine; and ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches, which supply the corresponding parts of the great intestine. The nerves composing this plexus are white in color and firm in texture; in the upper part of the plexus close to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery is the superior mesenteric ganglion. UBERON:0005488 plexus mesentericus superior plexus mesentericus superior superior mesenteric nerve plexus uberon FMA:6639 superior mesenteric nerve plexus FMA:6639 FMA:TA plexus mesentericus superior The superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, receiving a branch from the junction of the right vagus nerve with the plexus. It surrounds the superior mesenteric artery, accompanies it into the mesentery, and divides into a number of secondary plexuses, which are distributed to all the parts supplied by the artery, viz. , pancreatic branches to the pancreas; intestinal branches to the small intestine; and ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches, which supply the corresponding parts of the great intestine. The nerves composing this plexus are white in color and firm in texture; in the upper part of the plexus close to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery is the superior mesenteric ganglion. Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_plexus Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_plexus plexus mesentericus superior anterior interventricular sulcus FMA:7177 SCTID:277710008 The ventricles of the heart are separated by two grooves, one of which, the anterior longitudinal sulcus (or anterior interventricular sulcus), is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin. The other groove separating the ventricles is the posterior interventricular sulcus. UBERON:0005489 anterior interventricular groove anterior interventricular groove anterior longitudinal sulcus sulcus interventricularis anterior uberon FMA:7177 anterior interventricular groove Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus sulcus interventricularis anterior FMA The ventricles of the heart are separated by two grooves, one of which, the anterior longitudinal sulcus (or anterior interventricular sulcus), is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin. The other groove separating the ventricles is the posterior interventricular sulcus. Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus anterior longitudinal sulcus Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus anterior interventricular groove posterior interventricular sulcus FMA:7178 SCTID:277711007 The ventricles are separated by two grooves, one of which, the anterior longitudinal sulcus, is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin, the other posterior longitudinal sulcus (posterior interventricular sulcus, inferior interventricular groove), on the diaphragmatic surface near the right margin. In it run the posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein. UBERON:0005490 diaphragmatic interventricular groove inferior interventricular groove posterior interventricular groove posterior interventricular groove posterior longitudinal sulci posterior longitudinal sulcus sulcus interventricularis anterior uberon FMA:7178 posterior interventricular groove Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus posterior interventricular groove Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus sulcus interventricularis anterior FMA FMA:7178 inferior interventricular groove Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus posterior longitudinal sulci The ventricles are separated by two grooves, one of which, the anterior longitudinal sulcus, is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin, the other posterior longitudinal sulcus (posterior interventricular sulcus, inferior interventricular groove), on the diaphragmatic surface near the right margin. In it run the posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein. Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus posterior longitudinal sulcus FMA:7178 diaphragmatic interventricular groove glossopharyngeal neural crest Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the glossopharyngeal ganglion. EHDAA2:0000714 EHDAA:660 TAO:0007066 UBERON:0005491 ZFA:0007066 uberon Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the glossopharyngeal ganglion. ZFA:0007066 hyaloid vessel EHDAA2:0000791 EHDAA:4735 TAO:0005046 UBERON:0005492 VHOG:0000232 XAO:0004154 ZFA:0005046 hyaloid capillary system hyaloid vasculature note we are currently conflating vessel and vasculature - we may wish to split this class uberon MP:0001289 hyaloid capillary system ZFA:0005046 hyaloid vasculature hyoid muscle A group of muscles used in mastication and swallowing. These muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, which is suspended in the neck and forms the base of the tongue and larynx. The muscles are divided into suprahyoid (superior) or infrahyoid (inferior) groups relative to the bone[unvetted]. EFO:0003536 EHDAA2:0000794 Editor notes - grouping for all vertebrates dubious SCTID:244823009 TAO:0000521 UBERON:0005493 ZFA:0000521 hyoid muscles ncithesaurus:Hyoid_Muscle uberon A group of muscles used in mastication and swallowing. These muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, which is suspended in the neck and forms the base of the tongue and larynx. The muscles are divided into suprahyoid (superior) or infrahyoid (inferior) groups relative to the bone[unvetted]. http://www.answers.com/topic/hyoid-muscles ZFA:0000521 hyoid muscles ncit EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ZFA intermediate mesenchyme . EHDAA2:0000871 EHDAA:689 TAO:0000990 UBERON:0005494 VHOG:0000261 ZFA:0000990 uberon ZFA . https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3515562&group_id=76834&atid=994726 midbrain lateral wall EHDAA2:0001171 EHDAA:3700 EMAPA:16976 TAO:0000906 UBERON:0005495 VHOG:0000455 ZFA:0000906 lateral wall midbrain uberon ZFA:0000906 lateral wall midbrain neural tube lateral wall EHDAA2:0001257 EHDAA:2873 EHDAA:912 Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. TAO:0001435 UBERON:0005496 VHOG:0000513 ZFA:0001435 lateral wall neural tube uberon Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. ZFA:0001435 ZFA:0001435 lateral wall neural tube non-neural ectoderm Development notes: After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. Editor note: todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release // Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998) EFO:0003643 EHDAA:257 EMAPA:16074 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 TAO:0001178 UBERON:0005497 VHOG:0001372 XAO:0004091 ZFA:0001178 epidermal ectoderm epithelial ectoderm non neural ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon ventral ectoderm ZFA ZFA:0001178 non neural ectoderm UBERONREF:0000002 epidermal ectoderm ZFA:0001178 ventral ectoderm UBERONREF:0000002 surface ectoderm UBERONREF:0000002 UBERONREF:0000002 epithelial ectoderm primitive heart tube EHDAA2:0001512 EHDAA:436 EMAPA:16215 Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. SCTID:361522004 TAO:0000149 UBERON:0005498 ZFA:0000149 uberon ZFA Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. ZFA:0000149 rhombomere 1 1 EFO:0003608 EHDAA2:0001637 EMAPA:16290 EMAPA:16480 EMAPA:16918 EMAPA:17092 Hindbrain segment or neuromere 1. TAO:0001031 UBERON:0005499 ZFA:0001031 r1 uberon ZFA:0001031 r1 definitional Hindbrain segment or neuromere 1. ZFA:0001031 rhombomere floor plate TAO:0001258 UBERON:0005500 VHOG:0001019 ZFA:0001258 floor plate rhombomere region uberon ZFA:0001258 floor plate rhombomere region rhombomere lateral wall UBERON:0005501 uberon rhombomere roof plate TAO:0001311 UBERON:0005502 VHOG:0001018 ZFA:0001311 roof plate rhombomere region uberon ZFA:0001311 roof plate rhombomere region rhombomere 3 3 EFO:0003596 EHDAA2:0001657 EMAPA:16297 EMAPA:16488 EMAPA:16932 EMAPA:17106 TAO:0000948 UBERON:0005507 XAO:0004081 ZFA:0000948 r3 uberon definitional ZFA:0000948 r3 rhombomere 4 4 EFO:0003609 EHDAA2:0001667 EMAPA:16301 EMAPA:16492 EMAPA:16939 EMAPA:17113 TAO:0001032 UBERON:0005511 XAO:0004082 ZFA:0001032 r4 uberon definitional ZFA:0001032 r4 rhombomere 5 5 EFO:0003580 EHDAA2:0001677 EMAPA:16305 EMAPA:16496 EMAPA:16946 EMAPA:17120 TAO:0000823 UBERON:0005515 XAO:0004083 ZFA:0000823 r5 uberon definitional ZFA:0000823 r5 rhombomere 6 6 EFO:0003480 EHDAA2:0001687 EMAPA:16500 EMAPA:16953 EMAPA:17127 TAO:0000069 UBERON:0005519 XAO:0004084 ZFA:0000069 r6 uberon ZFA:0000069 r6 definitional rhombomere 7 7 EFO:0003597 EHDAA2:0001697 EMAPA:16504 EMAPA:16960 EMAPA:17134 TAO:0000949 UBERON:0005523 ZFA:0000949 r7 uberon ZFA:0000949 r7 definitional rhombomere 8 8 EFO:0003500 EHDAA2:0001707 EMAPA:16508 EMAPA:16967 EMAPA:17141 TAO:0000153 UBERON:0005527 ZFA:0000153 r8 uberon definitional ZFA:0000153 r8 telencephalon lateral wall EHDAA2:0001985 EHDAA:3504 EMAPA:16656 TAO:0000785 UBERON:0005561 VHOG:0000023 ZFA:0000785 lateral wall telencephalon uberon ZFA:0000785 lateral wall telencephalon thymus primordium A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production[ZFA]. [PMID]. EFO:0003622 EHDAA2:0002023 EHDAA:2969 EMAPA:17523 EMAPA:18536 Editor notes: we follow Kardong table 13.1 in having some developmental contribution of pouch 4 in mammals, but this isn't reflected in EHDAA2. Development notes: Consider adding distinct term for mesenchyme (see EHDAA2), to indicate NC constribution. Taxon notes: variability of developmental origin: In fish, thymic primordia are generated by all the pouches except the first. However, in avians the thymus arises from pouches 3 and 4, whereas in humans it is only generated by the third pouch[PMID:16313389] The thymus arises from the second pouch in frogs, 2-6 in cartilaginous fish, 2-3 in reptiles, 3 or 4 in bony fish, birds and mammals. The final number is variable - 5 paired organs in sharks, 4 in caecilians, 3 in urodeles, 1 in many teleost, anurans and many mammals[ISBN-10:0781714125] TAO:0001077 UBERON:0005562 ZFA:0001077 thymic primordium thymic rudiment uberon ZFA ZFA:0001077 thymic rudiment EHDAA2 Obol:automatic thymic primordium A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production[ZFA]. [PMID]. ZFA:0001077 UBERONREF:0000002 ZFA mesenchymal ZFA EHDAA2 trigeminal neural crest Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. EFO:0003484 EHDAA2:0002083 EHDAA:667 EMAPA:16170 Editor note: todo - compare ZFA and EHDAA2 representation TAO:0000080 UBERON:0005563 VHOG:0000269 ZFA:0000080 uberon EHDAA2 Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. ZFA:0000080 ZFA EHDAA2 gonad primordium EFO:0003651 EHDAA:5927 EMAPA:17204 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 TAO:0001262 Taxon notes: this is a very broad grouping class UBERON:0005564 WBbt:0008366 ZFA:0001262 gonadal primordium uberon undifferentiated gonad Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. ZFA:0001262 ZFA ZFA Obol ZFA:0001262 undifferentiated gonad ZFA:0001262 gonadal primordium facio-acoustic neural crest Cranial neural crest that gives rise to the facio-acoustic ganglion. EHDAA2:0000492 EHDAA:658 EMAPA:16312 TAO:0000762 UBERON:0005565 VHOG:0000268 ZFA:0000762 facio acoustic neural crest uberon ZFA:0000762 facio acoustic neural crest Cranial neural crest that gives rise to the facio-acoustic ganglion. ZFA:0000762 rhombomere 1 floor plate EFO:0003584 EHDAA2:0001640 EMAPA:16291 EMAPA:16481 EMAPA:16919 EMAPA:17093 TAO:0000882 UBERON:0005566 ZFA:0000882 floor plate r1 floor plate rhombomere 1 uberon ZFA:0000882 floor plate r1 ZFA:0000882 floor plate rhombomere 1 rhombomere 1 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001641 EMAPA:16482 EMAPA:16920 EMAPA:17094 TAO:0000781 UBERON:0005567 ZFA:0000781 lateral wall rhombomere 1 uberon ZFA:0000781 lateral wall rhombomere 1 rhombomere 1 roof plate EHDAA2:0001645 EMAPA:16483 EMAPA:16924 EMAPA:17098 TAO:0001033 UBERON:0005568 ZFA:0001033 roof plate rhombomere 1 uberon ZFA:0001033 roof plate rhombomere 1 rhombomere 2 3 EFO:0003579 EHDAA2:0001647 EMAPA:16293 EMAPA:16484 EMAPA:16925 EMAPA:17099 TAO:0000822 UBERON:0005569 XAO:0004080 ZFA:0000822 r2 uberon definitional ZFA:0000822 r2 rhombomere 2 floor plate EFO:0003568 EHDAA2:0001650 EMAPA:16294 EMAPA:16485 EMAPA:16926 EMAPA:17100 TAO:0000763 UBERON:0005570 ZFA:0000763 floor plate r2 floor plate rhombomere 2 floorplate r2 uberon ZFA:0000763 floorplate r2 ZFA:0000763 floor plate rhombomere 2 ZFA:0000763 floor plate r2 rhombomere 2 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001651 EMAPA:16486 EMAPA:16927 EMAPA:17101 TAO:0000907 UBERON:0005571 ZFA:0000907 lateral wall rhombomere 2 uberon ZFA:0000907 lateral wall rhombomere 2 rhombomere 2 roof plate EHDAA2:0001655 EMAPA:16487 EMAPA:16931 EMAPA:17105 TAO:0000824 UBERON:0005572 ZFA:0000824 roof plate rhombomere 2 uberon ZFA:0000824 roof plate rhombomere 2 rhombomere 3 floor plate EFO:0003586 EHDAA2:0001660 EMAPA:16298 EMAPA:16489 EMAPA:16933 EMAPA:17107 TAO:0000888 UBERON:0005573 ZFA:0000888 floor plate r3 floor plate rhombomere 3 floorplate r3 uberon ZFA:0000888 floor plate rhombomere 3 ZFA:0000888 floorplate r3 ZFA:0000888 floor plate r3 rhombomere 3 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001661 EMAPA:16490 EMAPA:16934 EMAPA:17108 TAO:0000994 UBERON:0005574 ZFA:0000994 lateral wall rhombomere 3 uberon ZFA:0000994 lateral wall rhombomere 3 rhombomere 3 roof plate EHDAA2:0001665 EMAPA:16491 EMAPA:16938 EMAPA:17112 TAO:0000950 UBERON:0005575 ZFA:0000950 roof plate rhombomere 3 uberon ZFA:0000950 roof plate rhombomere 3 rhombomere 4 floor plate EFO:0003588 EHDAA2:0001670 EMAPA:16302 EMAPA:16493 EMAPA:16940 EMAPA:17114 TAO:0000893 UBERON:0005576 ZFA:0000893 floor plate r4 floor plate rhombomere 4 floorplate r4 uberon ZFA:0000893 floor plate rhombomere 4 ZFA:0000893 floor plate r4 ZFA:0000893 floorplate r4 rhombomere 4 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001671 EMAPA:16494 EMAPA:16941 EMAPA:17115 TAO:0000782 UBERON:0005577 ZFA:0000782 lateral wall rhombomere 4 uberon ZFA:0000782 lateral wall rhombomere 4 rhombomere 4 roof plate EHDAA2:0001675 EMAPA:16495 EMAPA:16945 EMAPA:17119 TAO:0001034 UBERON:0005578 ZFA:0001034 roof plate rhombomere 4 uberon ZFA:0001034 roof plate rhombomere 4 rhombomere 5 floor plate EFO:0003569 EHDAA2:0001680 EMAPA:16306 EMAPA:16497 EMAPA:16947 EMAPA:17121 TAO:0000764 UBERON:0005579 ZFA:0000764 floor plate r5 floor plate rhombomere 5 floorplate r5 uberon ZFA:0000764 floor plate r5 ZFA:0000764 floor plate rhombomere 5 ZFA:0000764 floorplate r5 rhombomere 5 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001681 EMAPA:16498 EMAPA:16948 EMAPA:17122 TAO:0000908 UBERON:0005580 ZFA:0000908 lateral wall rhombomere 5 uberon ZFA:0000908 lateral wall rhombomere 5 rhombomere 5 roof plate EHDAA2:0001685 EMAPA:16499 EMAPA:16952 EMAPA:17126 TAO:0000828 UBERON:0005581 ZFA:0000828 roof plate rhombomere 5 uberon ZFA:0000828 roof plate rhombomere 5 rhombomere 6 floor plate EFO:0003587 EHDAA2:0001690 EMAPA:16501 EMAPA:16954 EMAPA:17128 TAO:0000889 UBERON:0005582 ZFA:0000889 floor plate r6 floor plate rhombomere 6 floorplate r6 uberon ZFA:0000889 floor plate rhombomere 6 ZFA:0000889 floorplate r6 ZFA:0000889 floor plate r6 rhombomere 6 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001691 EMAPA:16502 EMAPA:16955 EMAPA:17129 TAO:0000995 UBERON:0005583 ZFA:0000995 lateral wall rhombomere 6 uberon ZFA:0000995 lateral wall rhombomere 6 rhombomere 6 roof plate EHDAA2:0001695 EMAPA:16503 EMAPA:16959 EMAPA:17133 TAO:0000825 UBERON:0005584 ZFA:0000825 roof plate rhombomere 6 uberon ZFA:0000825 roof plate rhombomere 6 rhombomere 7 floor plate EFO:0003589 EHDAA2:0001700 EMAPA:16505 EMAPA:16961 EMAPA:17135 TAO:0000904 UBERON:0005585 ZFA:0000904 floor plate r7 floor plate rhombomere 7 floorplate r7 uberon ZFA:0000904 floor plate rhombomere 7 ZFA:0000904 floor plate r7 ZFA:0000904 floorplate r7 rhombomere 7 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001701 EMAPA:16506 EMAPA:16962 EMAPA:17136 TAO:0000783 UBERON:0005586 ZFA:0000783 lateral wall rhombomere 7 uberon ZFA:0000783 lateral wall rhombomere 7 rhombomere 7 roof plate EHDAA2:0001705 EMAPA:16507 EMAPA:16966 EMAPA:17140 TAO:0000951 UBERON:0005587 ZFA:0000951 roof plate rhombomere 7 uberon ZFA:0000951 roof plate rhombomere 7 rhombomere 8 floor plate EFO:0003570 EHDAA2:0001709 EMAPA:16509 EMAPA:16968 EMAPA:17142 TAO:0000765 UBERON:0005588 ZFA:0000765 floor plate r8 floor plate rhombomere 8 floorplate r8 uberon ZFA:0000765 floor plate r8 ZFA:0000765 floor plate rhombomere 8 ZFA:0000765 floorplate r8 rhombomere 8 lateral wall EHDAA2:0001710 EMAPA:16510 EMAPA:16969 EMAPA:17143 TAO:0000909 UBERON:0005589 ZFA:0000909 lateral wall rhombomere 8 uberon ZFA:0000909 lateral wall rhombomere 8 rhombomere 8 roof plate EHDAA2:0001714 EMAPA:16511 EMAPA:16973 EMAPA:17147 TAO:0001035 UBERON:0005590 ZFA:0001035 roof plate rhombomere 8 uberon ZFA:0001035 roof plate rhombomere 8 diencephalon lateral wall EHDAA2:0000396 EHDAA:1977 EMAPA:16650 EMAPA:16905 TAO:0000780 UBERON:0005591 VHOG:0000596 ZFA:0000780 lateral wall diencephalon uberon ZFA:0000780 lateral wall diencephalon head somite Development notes: They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983)[PMID:11830559] EHDAA2:0003437 EMAPA:16172 Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle UBERON:0005594 XAO:0000313 cranial somite occipital somite uberon PMID:11830559 XAO:0000313 occipital somite PMID:11830559 Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle XAO:0000313 cranial somite lung primordium A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. AAO:0011059 UBERON:0005597 XAO:0001002 lateral diverticula todo - check AAO diverticulum uberon XAO XAO:0001002 lateral diverticula XAO A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. XAO:0001002 trunk somite AAO:0010385 EHDAA2:0003438 EMAPA:16184 UBERON:0005598 XAO:0000314 uberon common dorsal aorta EHDAA2:0000307 EHDAA:1251 EMAPA:16327 MA:0000477 UBERON:0005599 uberon crus commune EHDAA2:0000330 EHDAA:7783 EMAPA:17818 MA:0001210 SCTID:279758009 UBERON:0005600 VHOG:0001344 crus commune uberon MA:0001210 crus commune dorsal mesocardium EHDAA2:0000413 EHDAA:434 EMAPA:16213 MA:0000482 SCTID:361454005 UBERON:0005601 VHOG:0000432 uberon MA dorsal mesogastrium EHDAA2:0000416 EHDAA:3001 EMAPA:17025 EMAPA:18903 MA:0001618 The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. UBERON:0005602 VHOG:0000352 dorsal mesentery ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Mesogastrium uberon EHDAA2 The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery dorsal mesentery EHDAA2 MA hepatic duct extrahepatic part EHDAA2:0000742 EHDAA:3051 EMAPA:16844 MA:0001636 UBERON:0005604 VHOG:0000215 uberon hepatic duct intrahepatic part EHDAA2:0000743 EHDAA:3053 EMAPA:16845 MA:0001637 UBERON:0005605 VHOG:0000216 uberon hyaloid cavity EHDAA2:0000789 EHDAA:4733 EMAPA:17302 MA:0000272 UBERON:0005606 VHOG:0001477 uberon hyaloid vascular plexus EHDAA2:0000790 EHDAA:5703 EMAPA:17303 MA:0001283 UBERON:0005607 VHOG:0000442 XAO:0004157 hyaloid vascular system uberon hyoid artery EHDAA:3342 EMAPA:17308 MA:0001969 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000792 The second arch becomes the hyoid artery, which is prominent in early development and normally persists as the caroticotympanic branch of the ICA[Padget] UBERON:0005608 VHOG:0001409 uberon http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572 The second arch becomes the hyoid artery, which is prominent in early development and normally persists as the caroticotympanic branch of the ICA[Padget] http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572 iliac artery BTO:0004665 EHDAA:2551 EMAPA:17309 MA:0001971 MESH:A.07.231.114.444 One of several anatomical structures located in the pelvis: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000807 SCTID:244330006 UBERON:0005609 galen:IliacArtery ncithesaurus:Iliac_Artery uberon One of several anatomical structures located in the pelvis: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery Wikipedia:Iliac_artery iliac vein EHDAA2:0000811 MA:0002142 MESH:A.07.231.908.427 UBERON:0005610 ncithesaurus:Iliac_Vein uberon inner canthus EHDAA2:0000829 EMAPA:17830 FMA:59316 FMA:59322 MA:0001262 UBERON:0005611 VHOG:0000829 medial canthus medial canthus of eye medial palpebral commissure ncithesaurus:Inner_Canthus uberon FMA:59316 medial palpebral commissure MA:0001262 medial canthus intercostal artery EHDAA2:0000840 EHDAA:5307 EMAPA:18753 MA:0001981 One of a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs ('costae'), called the intercostal space. SCTID:281134007 TODO - add children UBERON:0005612 ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Artery uberon One of a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs ('costae'), called the intercostal space. Wikiepdia:Intercostal_arteries left dorsal aorta Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview] EHDAA2:0000936 EHDAA:404 EMAPA:16205 MA:0000478 SCTID:361403005 UBERON:0005613 VHOG:0000484 uberon lens anterior epithelium Cells of the subcapsular epithelium (or anterior lens cells) are mitotically active. In adult individuals they only cover the anterior "hemisphere" of the lens. As they divide, cells gradually move towards the equator of the lens where they tranform into lens fibres. The apical part of the gradually elongating cell extends between the subcapsular epithelium and adjacent lens fibres towards the anterior pole of the lens. The basal part extends towards the posterior pole. The nucleus remains close to the equatorial plane of the lens - http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm EHDAA2:0000984 EHDAA:9059 EMAPA:17839 FMA:70612 MA:0001302 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000976 UBERON:0005614 VHOG:0001425 anterior surface of lens lens epithelium lens subcapsular epithelium ncithesaurus:Subcapsular_Epithelium_of_the_Lens subcapsular lens epithelium uberon FMA-inferred http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm lens subcapsular epithelium FMA:70612 subcapsular lens epithelium FMA:58889 anterior surface of lens lens equatorial epithelium EHDAA:9063 EMAPA:17840 MA:0001303 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000978 UBERON:0005615 uberon mesenteric artery BTO:0000779 EHDAA2:0001123 EHDAA:4343 EMAPA:17312 MA:0002003 MESH:A.07.231.114.565 SCTID:281084003 UBERON:0005616 VHOG:0001117 XAO:0000370 ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Artery uberon mesenteric vein BTO:0002781 EHDAA:4442 EMAPA:17348 MA:0002177 MESH:A.07.231.908.670.385 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001125 SCTID:304045008 UBERON:0005617 ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Vein uberon secondary palatal shelf EHDAA2:0001364 EHDAA:9283 EMAPA:17362 EMAPA:17930 MA:0001581 UBERON:0005619 VHOG:0000378 lateral palatine process palatal shelf palatal shelves secondary palatal shelf the outgrowths of the embryonic maxillae that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate todo - check EMAPA uberon palatal shelves http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelf lateral palatine process MA:0001581 palatal shelf http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelves the outgrowths of the embryonic maxillae that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate primary palate EHDAA2:0001499 EMAPA:17642 EMAPA:17934 MA:0001583 Roof of the buccal cavity, formed from the fusion of vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine, ectopterygoid. SCTID:359541001 TAO:0002093 UBERON:0005620 VHOG:0000362 ZFA:0005509 ncithesaurus:Primary_Palate primary palate primary palate process uberon EHDAA2:0001499 primary palate process Wikipedia:Primitive_palate primary palate ISBN10:0073040584 Roof of the buccal cavity, formed from the fusion of vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine, ectopterygoid. Wikipedia:Primitive_palate rhomboid A rhombus-shaped muscle associated with the scapula and chiefly responsible for its retraction. There are two rhomboid muscles. EHDAA2:0001635 EHDAA:8315 MA:0002367 SCTID:277441005 TODO - add child terms UBERON:0005621 VHOG:0001391 musculus rhomboideus rhomboid muscle uberon A rhombus-shaped muscle associated with the scapula and chiefly responsible for its retraction. There are two rhomboid muscles. Wikipedia:Rhomboid_muscles EHDAA2 dbpedia nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae dbpedia nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Rhomboid_muscles musculus rhomboideus dbpedia right dorsal aorta EHDAA2:0001720 EHDAA:406 EMAPA:16206 MA:0000479 Normally regresses in humans[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview] SCTID:361404004 UBERON:0005622 VHOG:0000485 uberon semi-lunar valve EHDAA2:0001823 EHDAA:4408 MA:0002790 UBERON:0005623 VHOG:0001393 semilunar valve semilunar valves uberon MA:0002790 semilunar valves MA:0002790 semilunar valve suprarenal artery EHDAA2:0001965 EHDAA:8596 MA:0001914 UBERON:0005624 adrenal artery ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Artery ncithesaurus:Suprarenal_Artery uberon MA:0001914 adrenal artery tubotympanic recess EHDAA2:0002095 EHDAA:6772 EMAPA:17002 Editor note: we follow EHDAA2 in distinguishing between the cavity and the material entity - the former develops into the middle ear cavity MA:0001218 SCTID:361516008 The cavity formed by the tubotympanic recess epithelium. UBERON:0005625 VHOG:0001297 ncithesaurus:Tubotympanic_Recess tubotympanic recess cavity tubotympanic recess lumen uberon MA EHDAA2:0002095 tubotympanic recess lumen ISBN10:0073040584 EHDAA2 The cavity formed by the tubotympanic recess epithelium. UBERON:cjm ventral mesogastrium "The primitive gut is enveloped by a mesentery that has a dorsal and a ventral aspect. The ventral mesentery degenerates during development with the exception of the foregut ventral mesentery, which develops into specialized structures (see foregut embryology)" [http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/embryology/gi/pgm.htm]. todo - check EHDAA2:0002176 EHDAA:3005 EMAPA:17026 EMAPA:18907 MA:0001621 TAO:0005133 UBERON:0005626 VHOG:0000351 Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel. ZFA:0005133 ncithesaurus:Ventral_Mesogastrium uberon ventral mesentery Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery ventral mesentery EHDAA2 EHDAA2 Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel. Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery ileal artery FMA:14809 SCTID:265479003 The ileal arteries feed oxygenated blood into the ileum, a portion of the small intestine in mammals, reptiles, and birds. They are branches of the superior mesenteric artery. UBERON:0005628 arteriae ileales galen:IlealArteries ileal branch of superior mesenteric artery uberon FMA:14809 ileal branch of superior mesenteric artery Wikipedia:Ileal_arteries arteriae ileales The ileal arteries feed oxygenated blood into the ileum, a portion of the small intestine in mammals, reptiles, and birds. They are branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Wikipedia:Ileal_arteries vascular plexus EHDAA2:0004112 FMA:5900 In a vascular plexus, the contents of the vessels mix. A plexus allows blood to flow via multiple routes. If one branch of the plexus is obstructed, the blood may flow via the open branches. UBERON:0005629 XAO:0004143 uberon In a vascular plexus, the contents of the vessels mix. A plexus allows blood to flow via multiple routes. If one branch of the plexus is obstructed, the blood may flow via the open branches. Wikipedia:Plexus#Circulatory_system fetal membrane BTO:0000473 MESH:A.16.254.403 SCTID:325510007 UBERON:0005630 the amnion and chorion which surround and protect a developing fetus. todo - merge with extraembryonic membrane? uberon Wikipedia:Fetal_membrane the amnion and chorion which surround and protect a developing fetus. extraembryonic membrane AO notes: EHDAA2 is a mereological sum. Taxon notes: stuctures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes appear in mammals [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates, Kardong"] EHDAA2:0004714 Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. SCTID:362840007 UBERON:0005631 uberon ISBN10:0073040584 Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. caecum epithelium EHDAA2:0000209 UBERON:0005636 uberon pyloric region epithelium EHDAA2:0001582 EMAPA:17633 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001927 UBERON:0005637 uberon anterior chamber epithelium EHDAA2:0000130 UBERON:0005638 uberon right lung cranial lobe epithelium EHDAA2:0001751 UBERON:0005639 uberon right lung caudal lobe epithelium EHDAA2:0001743 UBERON:0005640 uberon otocyst epithelium EHDAA2:0001344 EMAPA:16671 EMAPA:16996 EMAPA:16999 UBERON:0005641 VHOG:0000986 uberon ultimobranchial body epithelium EHDAA2:0002105 UBERON:0005642 in EHDAA2, develops_from ventral 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm. Kardong: develops from 5th pouch. PMID:16313389: the most posterior pouch generates the ultimobranchial bodies in most vertebrate classes, mammals do not form this structure. uberon EHDAA2 foregut duodenum epithelium EHDAA2:0000563 UBERON:0005643 uberon midgut duodenum epithelium EHDAA2:0001192 UBERON:0005644 uberon finger 2 epithelium EHDAA2:0000518 EMAPA:17433 UBERON:0005645 uberon finger 3 epithelium EHDAA2:0000524 EMAPA:17436 UBERON:0005646 uberon finger 4 epithelium EHDAA2:0000530 EMAPA:17439 UBERON:0005647 uberon finger 5 epithelium EHDAA2:0000536 EMAPA:17442 UBERON:0005648 uberon toe 2 epithelium EHDAA2:0002043 EMAPA:17464 UBERON:0005649 uberon toe 3 epithelium EHDAA2:0002048 EMAPA:17467 UBERON:0005650 uberon toe 4 epithelium EHDAA2:0002053 EMAPA:17470 UBERON:0005651 uberon toe 5 epithelium EHDAA2:0002058 EMAPA:17473 UBERON:0005652 uberon upper jaw molar epithelium EHDAA2:0002126 UBERON:0005653 uberon lower jaw molar epithelium EHDAA2:0001026 UBERON:0005654 uberon right lung accessory lobe epithelium EHDAA2:0001735 UBERON:0005655 uberon lens vesicle epithelium EHDAA2:0000987 EMAPA:17165 UBERON:0005656 VHOG:0000532 uberon crus commune epithelium EMAPA:17820 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000332 UBERON:0005657 VHOG:0000478 uberon secondary palatal shelf epithelium EHDAA2:0001365 EMAPA:17363 EMAPA:17931 UBERON:0005658 VHOG:0001040 palatal shelf epithelium uberon VHOG:0001040 palatal shelf epithelium primary palate epithelium EHDAA2:0001500 EMAPA:17643 EMAPA:17935 UBERON:0005659 VHOG:0001025 uberon 2nd arch ectoderm EHDAA2:0000055 EMAPA:16277 EMAPA:16397 EMAPA:16398 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000064 UBERON:0005660 VHOG:0001062 uberon 3rd arch ectoderm EHDAA2:0000072 EMAPA:16400 EMAPA:16582 EMAPA:16584 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000079 UBERON:0005661 VHOG:0000946 uberon 4th arch ectoderm EHDAA2:0004032 EMAPA:16762 EMAPA:16764 EMAPA:16768 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000094 UBERON:0005662 VHOG:0001095 uberon 2nd arch endoderm EMAPA:16274 EMAPA:16276 EMAPA:16278 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000065 UBERON:0005664 VHOG:0001108 uberon 3rd arch endoderm EHDAA2:0000075 EMAPA:16401 EMAPA:16585 EMAPA:16587 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000080 UBERON:0005665 VHOG:0001081 uberon 4th arch endoderm EHDAA2:0004033 EMAPA:16765 EMAPA:16767 EMAPA:16769 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000095 UBERON:0005666 VHOG:0001092 uberon connecting stalk mesoderm EHDAA2:0000314 UBERON:0005667 uberon EHDAA2 peritoneal cavity mesothelium BTO:0003156 EHDAA2:0001447 EMAPA:16139 FMA:18147 SCTID:34073007 UBERON:0005669 mesothelium of peritoneal component mesothelium of peritoneum peritoneal mesothelium uberon BTO:0003156 peritoneal mesothelium EMAPA:16139 mesothelium of peritoneal component FMA:18147 mesothelium of peritoneum greater omentum mesothelium RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000721 UBERON:0005670 uberon greater sac mesothelium EMAPA:16887 EMAPA:18455 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000725 UBERON:0005671 VHOG:0000440 uberon right lung endothelium EHDAA2:0001755 UBERON:0005672 uberon left lung endothelium EHDAA2:0000961 UBERON:0005673 uberon right lung cranial lobe endothelium EHDAA:4991 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001750 UBERON:0005674 uberon right lung caudal lobe endothelium EHDAA:4983 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001742 UBERON:0005675 uberon right lung accessory lobe endothelium EHDAA:4975 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001734 UBERON:0005676 uberon caecum mesentery RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000210 UBERON:0005677 uberon right lung cranial lobe segmental bronchus EHDAA2:0001754 UBERON:0005678 uberon right lung caudal lobe segmental bronchus EHDAA2:0001746 UBERON:0005679 uberon right lung accessory lobe segmental bronchus EHDAA2:0001738 UBERON:0005680 uberon right lung cranial lobe bronchiole EHDAA2:0001749 UBERON:0005681 uberon right lung accessory lobe bronchiole EHDAA2:0001733 UBERON:0005682 uberon telencephalon lateral ventricle UBERON:0005683 true uberon midgut dorsal mesentery EMAPA:16722 EMAPA:17040 EMAPA:17046 EMAPA:18671 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001187 SCTID:361434009 UBERON:0005685 uberon caecum dorsal mesentery RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000208 UBERON:0005686 uberon orbitosphenoid cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001329 EHDAA:9554 UBERON:0005687 sphenoid lesser wing cartilage condensation uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0001329 sphenoid lesser wing cartilage condensation EHDAA2 EHDAA2 lens vesicle cavity EHDAA2:0000986 EMAPA:17164 UBERON:0005688 VHOG:0000531 uberon 2nd arch mesenchyme 2nd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000066 EHDAA:625 EMAPA:16279 UBERON:0005689 VHOG:0001102 uberon 2nd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme VHOG:0001102 3rd arch mesenchyme 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000081 EHDAA:1094 EMAPA:16402 UBERON:0005690 VHOG:0001083 uberon 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme VHOG:0001083 4th arch mesenchyme 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000096 EHDAA:1677 EMAPA:16770 UBERON:0005691 VHOG:0001052 uberon 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme VHOG:0001052 finger 2 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000519 EMAPA:17434 UBERON:0005692 uberon finger 3 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000525 EMAPA:17437 UBERON:0005693 uberon finger 4 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000531 EMAPA:17440 UBERON:0005694 uberon finger 5 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000537 EMAPA:17443 UBERON:0005695 uberon toe 2 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002044 EMAPA:17465 UBERON:0005696 uberon toe 3 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002049 EMAPA:17468 UBERON:0005697 uberon toe 4 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002054 EMAPA:17471 UBERON:0005698 uberon toe 5 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002059 EMAPA:17474 UBERON:0005699 uberon upper jaw molar mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002127 UBERON:0005700 uberon lower jaw molar mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001027 UBERON:0005701 uberon optic eminence mesenchyme EHDAA:942 EMAPA:16324 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001310 UBERON:0005702 VHOG:0001073 uberon secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001366 EHDAA:9287 EMAPA:17364 EMAPA:17932 UBERON:0005704 VHOG:0001063 palatal shelf mesenchyme uberon VHOG:0001063 palatal shelf mesenchyme primary palate mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001501 EHDAA:6968 EMAPA:17644 EMAPA:17936 UBERON:0005705 VHOG:0001024 uberon central nervous system cranial ganglion UBERON:0001714 UBERON:0005706 true uberon upper jaw incisor mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002123 UBERON:0005707 uberon lower jaw incisor mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001023 UBERON:0005708 uberon upper jaw incisor epithelium EHDAA2:0002122 UBERON:0005709 uberon lower jaw incisor epithelium EHDAA2:0001022 UBERON:0005710 uberon foregut duodenum mesentery EHDAA2:0000564 UBERON:0005711 uberon midgut duodenum mesentery EHDAA2:0001193 UBERON:0005712 uberon lens vesicle capsule UBERON:0001804 UBERON:0005714 true uberon footplate apical ectodermal ridge EHDAA2:0000547 EMAPA:17251 UBERON:0005719 uberon hindbrain venous system EHDAA2:0000776 EMAPA:18632 UBERON:0005720 VHOG:0001322 uberon pronephric mesoderm AAO:0011090 EFO:0003479 TAO:0000067 UBERON:0005721 VHOG:0001239 XAO:0000264 ZFA:0000067 pronephric anlage pronephric bulge pronephric mesenchyme pronephric primordium the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", PMID:10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney uberon XAO:0000264 pronephric primordium definitional XAO:0000264 pronephric mesenchyme XAO:0000264 pronephric bulge XAO:0000264 pronephric anlage ZFA nephrotome BTO:0003673 The nephrotome is a section of the mesoderm. It gives rise to the pronephros and eventually to the rest of the kidney. A nephrotome is an obsolete term used to describe rounded mesodermal portions of the forming pronephros. In old texts the pronephros is described as forming through the fusion of multiple nephrotomes. Modern visualization methods such as scanning electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy, combined with the simple approach of peeling off the epidermis to see the forming kidney, have shown that this is not the case. Nephric mesenchyme separates from the intermediate mesoderm as a single elongated primordia. As this primordia begins to undergo epithelialization the anterior portions of the pronephros form rounded protrusions, which then later become the dorsal branches of the pronephros that link to nephrostomes (distinct from nephrotomes). These rounded bumps are probably the structures observed in histological sections that are referred to as nephrotomes. Nephrostomes are thin ciliated funnels that link pronephric nephrons to the ceolom, and are not related to nephrotomes. UBERON:0005722 intermediate cell mass nephromere true uberon BTO:0003673 intermediate cell mass Wikipedia:Nephrotome nephromere The nephrotome is a section of the mesoderm. It gives rise to the pronephros and eventually to the rest of the kidney. A nephrotome is an obsolete term used to describe rounded mesodermal portions of the forming pronephros. In old texts the pronephros is described as forming through the fusion of multiple nephrotomes. Modern visualization methods such as scanning electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy, combined with the simple approach of peeling off the epidermis to see the forming kidney, have shown that this is not the case. Nephric mesenchyme separates from the intermediate mesoderm as a single elongated primordia. As this primordia begins to undergo epithelialization the anterior portions of the pronephros form rounded protrusions, which then later become the dorsal branches of the pronephros that link to nephrostomes (distinct from nephrotomes). These rounded bumps are probably the structures observed in histological sections that are referred to as nephrotomes. Nephrostomes are thin ciliated funnels that link pronephric nephrons to the ceolom, and are not related to nephrotomes. Wikipedia:Nephrotome floor plate spinal cord region EMAPA:17578 TAO:0000890 UBERON:0005247 UBERON:0005723 VHOG:0000787 XAO:0000306 ZFA:0000890 floorplate spinal cord uberon ZFA:0000890 floorplate spinal cord roof plate spinal cord region TAO:0001177 UBERON:0005246 UBERON:0005724 VHOG:0000777 XAO:0000022 ZFA:0001177 uberon olfactory system AAO:0000334 AAO:0000978 BILA:0000144 EFO:0001973 FMA:7190 In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor // Editor note: consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ // note we make the relationship to nervous system 'overlaps', as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system MA:0002445 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090806 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViw75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:362290002 TAO:0001149 The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction, or the sense of smell. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects volatile, airborne substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. Behavioral evidence indicates that most often, the stimuli detected by the accessory olfactory system are pheromones. The olfactory system is often spoken of along with the gustatory system as the chemosensory senses because both transduce chemical signals into perception[WP]. UBERON:0005725 XAO:0003196 ZFA:0001149 ncithesaurus:Olfactory_System uberon The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction, or the sense of smell. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects volatile, airborne substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. Behavioral evidence indicates that most often, the stimuli detected by the accessory olfactory system are pheromones. The olfactory system is often spoken of along with the gustatory system as the chemosensory senses because both transduce chemical signals into perception[WP]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_system chemosensory system BILA:0000139 UBERON:0005726 uberon somitomere Around the same time that experimental embryology in avian systems was most productive in the context of vertebrate head development, researchers examining embryonic head morphology with the scanning electron microscope introduced the idea of cephalic “somitomeres”. By removing the surface ectoderm from the head, they reported that the paraxial mesoderm was organized into pseudosegmental units resembling incompletely differentiated somites, which they called somitomeres (Meier 1979; Jacobson 1988, 1993; Jacobson and Meier 1984). Since then, however, there has been no clear evidence for somitomeres. It remains unclear how they relate to the epithelial cysts in the head mesoderm - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895339/] FMA:85523 Obsoleted definition: In the developing vertebrate embryo, the somitomeres are loose masses of paraxial mesoderm derived cells that form along each side of the neural tube towards the end of the third gestational week. The approximately 50 pairs of somitomeres begin developing in the cranial (head) region, continuing in a caudal (tail) direction until the end of week four[WP]. UBERON:0005727 somatomere true uberon Obsoleted definition: In the developing vertebrate embryo, the somitomeres are loose masses of paraxial mesoderm derived cells that form along each side of the neural tube towards the end of the third gestational week. The approximately 50 pairs of somitomeres begin developing in the cranial (head) region, continuing in a caudal (tail) direction until the end of week four[WP]. Wikipedia:Somitomere Wikipedia:Somitomere somatomere extraembryonic mesoderm . EHDAA2:0000474 UBERON:0005728 VHOG:0000616 extra-embryonic mesoderm uberon . http://www.ana.ed.ac.uk/database/humat/notes/extraemb/mesoder.htm EHDAA2 EHDAA2 forelimb/pectoral fin field TAO:0001453 UBERON:0005729 ZFA:0001453 pectoral fin field uberon ZFA:0001453 pectoral fin field hindlimb/pelvic fin field TAO:0001454 UBERON:0005730 ZFA:0001454 pelvic fin field uberon ZFA:0001454 pelvic fin field fin field UBERON:0005731 uberon limb/fin field UBERON:0005732 uberon ISBN:9780878932504 ZFA-inferred limb field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb. UBERON:0005733 the central portion of the limb field gives rise to the limb proper. mesenchyme cells proliferate from from the somatic layer of limb field lateral plate mesoderm (limb skeletal precursors) and from the somites (limb muscle precursors) . these mesenchymal cells accumulate under the ectedermal tissue to make a limb bud. uberon A ring of cells capable of forming a limb. ISBN:9780878932504 tunica adventitia SCTID:30180000 TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability. UBERON:0005734 adventitia externa external coat ncithesaurus:Tunica_Adventitia tunica adventitia of vessel tunica externa vasorum, tunica adventitia vasorum uberon cjm The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability. Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29 Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29 adventitia externa Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29 tunica externa vasorum, tunica adventitia vasorum Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29 external coat Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29 tunica adventitia of vessel swim bladder tunica externa Multi-tissue structure that is the external layer of the swim bladder that is covered by the peritoneum, and made of elastic fibres and ichthyocol (short needles of collagen). TAO:0002245 UBERON:0005737 ZFA:0001700 the primary reason this term is manifest in uberon to disambiguate from a structure with the same/similar name tunica externa uberon ZFA:0001700 tunica externa Multi-tissue structure that is the external layer of the swim bladder that is covered by the peritoneum, and made of elastic fibres and ichthyocol (short needles of collagen). ZFA:0001700 http:www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/T.htm swim bladder tunica interna Multi-tissue structure that is the internal layer of the swim bladder and is comprised of thin endoderm and a smooth muscle layer called the muscularis mucosa with longitudinal and circular fibres with some collagen. TAO:0002246 UBERON:0005738 ZFA:0001701 the primary reason this term is manifest in uberon to disambiguate from a structure with the same/similar name tunica interna uberon ZFA:0001701 tunica interna Multi-tissue structure that is the internal layer of the swim bladder and is comprised of thin endoderm and a smooth muscle layer called the muscularis mucosa with longitudinal and circular fibres with some collagen. http:www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/T.htm tunica intima of artery EV:0100028 FMA:14272 SCTID:40022005 UBERON:0005740 arterial intima galen:IntimaOfArtery tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) uberon FMA:14272 tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) EV:0100028 arterial intima adventitia of uterus EMAPA:29925 UBERON:0005741 uberon adventitia An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. BTO:0004838 FMA:45635 UBERON:0005742 tunica advetitia tunica externa uberon Wikipedia:Adventitia tunica advetitia An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. Wikipedia:Adventitia FMA:45635 tunica externa central nervous system plus retina UBERON:0005743 this class was originally added to account for some definitions of the CNS that includes retina. Most existing AOs use CNS to exclude the retina (ZFA retina NOT part_of CNS. XAO excludes retina in text def, retina part_of CNS. MA retina NOT part_of CNS. NIF_GA retina NOT part_of CNS. Fly also excludes it. EFO also excludes it. GO also excludes it). Whilst logically valid, the use case is better served by following the developmental relationships for retina true uberon cranial conduit AAO:0010438 AO notes: in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. FMA:53165 SCTID:276742007 TAO:0001736 UBERON:0005744 ZFA:0005386 foramen foramen of skull uberon ZFA:0005386 foramen Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. TAO:curator Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull foramen of skull optic canal AAO:0000342 EHDAA:10646 FMA:54774 SCTID:361732009 TAO:0002025 The short canal through the orbitosphenoid bone at the apex of the orbit that gives passage to the optic nerve and the opthalmic artery[MP]. The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the orbital cavity. The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. They are funnel-shaped (narrowest anteriorly). UBERON:0005745 VHOG:0001408 ZFA:0005428 canalis opticus canalis opticus, foramen opticum ossis sphenoidalis optic foramen uberon Wikipedia:Optic_canal canalis opticus, foramen opticum ossis sphenoidalis ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010704 The short canal through the orbitosphenoid bone at the apex of the orbit that gives passage to the optic nerve and the opthalmic artery[MP]. The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the orbital cavity. The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. They are funnel-shaped (narrowest anteriorly). Wikipedia:Optic_canal Wikipedia:Optic_canal canalis opticus Wikipedia:Optic_canal optic foramen primary vitreous humour EHDAA2:0001502 EHDAA:5707 SCTID:343518007 UBERON:0005746 embryonic fibrovascular mesodermal tissue located between the optic cup and lens vesicle that normally regresses during the development of the vitreous body[MP] primary vitreous uberon MP:0010711 primary vitreous MP:0010711 embryonic fibrovascular mesodermal tissue located between the optic cup and lens vesicle that normally regresses during the development of the vitreous body[MP] glomerular tuft EMAPA:28239 UBERON:0005749 glomerulus the capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP]. ...Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus[GudMap]. uberon Wikipedia EMAPA:28239 glomerulus MP:0005325 Wikipedia:Glomerulus http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron the capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP]. ...Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus[GudMap]. glomerular parietal epithelium A single layer of simple squamous epithelium in the glomerular capsule. Does not function in filtration[UBERON]. outer layer of the glomerular capsule composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium[MP] BTO:0002296 Bowman's parietal epithelium FMA:74272 MA:0002605 TAO:0005253 TODO - check this. BTO has podocytes under here UBERON:0005750 ZFA:0005253 capsular epithelium glomerular capsule parietal layer outer layer of glomerular capsule parietal capsular epithelium parietal epithelial layer parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule parietal layer of Bowman's capsule parietal layer of glomerular capsule renal glomerular capsule epithelium uberon FMA:74272 outer layer of glomerular capsule FMA:74272 parietal layer of glomerular capsule BTO:0002296 capsular epithelium MP:0011498 parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule ZFA:0005253 parietal epithelial layer A single layer of simple squamous epithelium in the glomerular capsule. Does not function in filtration[UBERON]. outer layer of the glomerular capsule composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium[MP] MP:0011498 UBERON:cjm MP:0011498 parietal capsular epithelium FMA:74272 glomerular capsule parietal layer ZFA:0005253 renal glomerular capsule epithelium Bowman's parietal epithelium MP:0011498 MP:0011498 parietal layer of glomerular capsule MP:0011498 parietal layer of Bowman's capsule visceral layer of glomerular capsule Bowman's visceral epithelium FMA:74273 TODO - check - the BTO class 'glomerular epithelium' is the visceral layer. But GO uses 'glomerular epithelium' as the mereological sum of P+V layers The inner, or visceral, layer of the renal glomerular capsule, overlying the capillaries, composed of podocytes, and separated from the outer, or parietal, layer by the capsular (Bowman's) space[BTO]. Lies just above the thickened glomerular basement membrane and is made of podocytes. Beneath the visceral layer lie the glomerular capillaries[WP]. inner layer of the glomerular capsule surrounding the capillary endothelial cells and composed of highly specialized epithelial cells (podocytes) that are separated by filtration slits; the visceral layer is separated from the outer parietal layer by the urinary space (also known as the Bowman's or capsular space)[MP] UBERON:0005751 glomerular capsule visceral layer inner epithelial layer of Bowman's capsule podocyte layer of Bowman's capsule uberon visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule visceral layer of Bowman's capsule visceral layer of glomerular capsule MP:0011497 visceral layer of Bowman's capsule MP:0011497 visceral layer of glomerular capsule MP:0011497 glomerular capsule visceral layer MP:0011497 visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule BTO:0001515 MP:0011497 The inner, or visceral, layer of the renal glomerular capsule, overlying the capillaries, composed of podocytes, and separated from the outer, or parietal, layer by the capsular (Bowman's) space[BTO]. Lies just above the thickened glomerular basement membrane and is made of podocytes. Beneath the visceral layer lie the glomerular capillaries[WP]. inner layer of the glomerular capsule surrounding the capillary endothelial cells and composed of highly specialized epithelial cells (podocytes) that are separated by filtration slits; the visceral layer is separated from the outer parietal layer by the urinary space (also known as the Bowman's or capsular space)[MP] Bowman's visceral epithelium MP:0011497 http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron inner epithelial layer of Bowman's capsule http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron podocyte layer of Bowman's capsule caudal part of nephrogenic cord UBERON:0005753 caudal portion of nephrogenic cord caudal region of nephrogenic cord rear part of nephrogenic cord rear portion of nephrogenic cord the metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. uberon OBOL:automatic caudal region of nephrogenic cord http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron the metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. OBOL:automatic caudal portion of nephrogenic cord Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros rear portion of nephrogenic cord OBOL:automatic rear part of nephrogenic cord rostral part of nephrogenic cord The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. UBERON:0005754 uberon The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron urorectal septum EHDAA2:0002152 EHDAA:5921 EMAPA:17212 EMAPA:17380 GO TODO - use to define cloacal septation The entodermal cloaca is divided into a dorsal and a ventral part by means of a partition, the urorectal septum, which grows downward from the ridge separating the allantoic from the cloacal opening of the intestine and ultimately fuses with the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal and a urogenital part. The dorsal part of the cloaca forms the rectum, and the anterior part of the urogenital sinus and bladder. UBERON:0005760 VHOG:0000018 Wikipedia:Urorectal_septum cloacal septum ncithesaurus:Urorectal_Septum septum urorectale uberon VHOG:0000018 cloacal septum The entodermal cloaca is divided into a dorsal and a ventral part by means of a partition, the urorectal septum, which grows downward from the ridge separating the allantoic from the cloacal opening of the intestine and ultimately fuses with the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal and a urogenital part. The dorsal part of the cloaca forms the rectum, and the anterior part of the urogenital sinus and bladder. Wikipedia:Urorectal_septum Wikipedia:Urorectal_septum septum urorectale acellular membrane FMA:63871 UBERON:0005764 uberon basement membrane AAO:0010596 Basement membrane of connective tissue FMA:63872 GAID:915 GO:0005604 SCTID:68989006 UBERON:0005769 basal lamina basement lamina ncithesaurus:Basement_Membrane uberon we include this even though it is redundant with GO because we have subclasses that are appropriate for an ontology of gross anatomy GAID:915 basal lamina GAID:915 basement lamina Basement membrane of connective tissue FMA:63872 glomerular basement membrane EMAPA:28251 EMAPA:30965 FMA:74274 MA:0001659 SCTID:243897006 TAO:0005285 The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration through the filtration slits between the podocytes, separating the blood on the inside from the filtrate on the outside. It is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas. UBERON:0005777 ZFA:0005285 glomerular capillary basement membrane glomerular filtration membrane ncithesaurus:Glomerular_Basement_Membrane uberon ZFA:0005285 glomerular filtration membrane The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration through the filtration slits between the podocytes, separating the blood on the inside from the filtrate on the outside. It is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas. Wikipedia:Glomerular_basement_membrane MA:0001659 glomerular capillary basement membrane lamina densa FMA:74276 Middle layer of the glomerular basement membrane. TAO:0005286 UBERON:0005787 ZFA:0005286 lamina densa of glomerular basement membrane middle layer of glomerular basement membrane ncithesaurus:Lamina_Densa uberon Middle layer of the glomerular basement membrane. ZFIN:curator FMA:74276 lamina densa of glomerular basement membrane FMA:74276 middle layer of glomerular basement membrane lamina rara interna FMA:74277 Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the glomerular capillary. TAO:0005287 UBERON:0005788 ZFA:0005287 internal layer of glomerular basement membrane lamina interna of glomerular basement membrane ncithesaurus:Lamina_Rara_Interna uberon FMA:74277 internal layer of glomerular basement membrane Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the glomerular capillary. ZFIN:curator FMA:74277 lamina interna of glomerular basement membrane lamina rara externa FMA:74275 Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the podocytes and capsular space. TAO:0005288 UBERON:0005789 ZFA:0005288 external layer of glomerular basement membrane lamina externa of glomerular basement membrane ncithesaurus:Lamina_Rara_Externa uberon Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the podocytes and capsular space. ZFIN:curator FMA:74275 external layer of glomerular basement membrane FMA:74275 lamina externa of glomerular basement membrane nephric ridge EHDAA2:0001242 EHDAA:1015 EMAPA:16368 Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema UBERON:0005792 VHOG:0001240 nephric cord uberon Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter27/custom2/deluxe-content.html VHOG:0001240 nephric cord embryonic uterus FMA:72173 SCTID:255782009 UBERON:0005795 fetal uterus uberon FMA:72173 fetal uterus duplex uterus UBERON:0005796 the duplex uterus is doubled, and is found in monotremes, marsupials, elephants and rodents uberon http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html the duplex uterus is doubled, and is found in monotremes, marsupials, elephants and rodents bipartite uterus UBERON:0005797 the bipartite uterus is y-shaped externally and divided internally (ungulates, carnivores) uberon http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html the bipartite uterus is y-shaped externally and divided internally (ungulates, carnivores) bicornuate uterus UBERON:0005798 bicornate uterus the bicornate uterus is y-shaped but has no internal partition (some ungulates, whales) uberon Wikipedia:Bicornuate_uterus Wikipedia:Uterus#Forms_in_mammals http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html the bicornate uterus is y-shaped but has no internal partition (some ungulates, whales) simplex uterus UBERON:0005799 the simplex uterus has only one uterine chamber (primates) uberon http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html the simplex uterus has only one uterine chamber (primates) segment of aorta FMA:13087 SCTID:119203005 UBERON:0005800 aortic segment ncithesaurus:Aortic_Segment uberon FMA:13087 aortic segment dorsal aorta AAO:0011029 BTO:0004673 DA EHDAA:402 EMAPA:18606 SCTID:338637006 TAO:0000014 The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch[BTO]. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]. Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]. UBERON:0005805 VHOG:0000264 XAO:0000051 ZFA:0000014 aortae dorsales dorsal aort%c3%a6 dorsal aorta root dorsal aortic root uberon BTO:0004673 GO:0035907 The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch[BTO]. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]. Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3316981&group_id=36855&atid=440764 VHOG:0000264 dorsal aorta root Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta dorsal aort%c3%a6 Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta aortae dorsales DA ZFA:0000014 VHOG:0000264 dorsal aortic root portal system FMA:45628 In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. MESH:A.07.231.908.670 SCTID:362063001 UBERON:0005806 ncithesaurus:Portal_Venous_System portal venous system uberon In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. Wikipedia:Portal_venous_system FMA:45628 portal venous system rostral ventrolateral medulla BTO:0002778 Control of blood pressure is crucially dependent on the integrity of a small region of the brainstem called the ventrolateral medulla. Within this part of the brain are the cells that control the heart, blood vessels, swallowing, breathing and many other functions of the body that are not noticed at a conscious level; such unconscious activities are known as 'Autonomic'. One of these regions is the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) is also known as the pressor area of the medulla (medulla pressor). It receives inhibitory GABAergic input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The RVLM is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system, sending excitatory fibers (catecholaminergic) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, via reticulospinal tract[WP]. RVLM UBERON:0005807 medulla pressor uberon Control of blood pressure is crucially dependent on the integrity of a small region of the brainstem called the ventrolateral medulla. Within this part of the brain are the cells that control the heart, blood vessels, swallowing, breathing and many other functions of the body that are not noticed at a conscious level; such unconscious activities are known as 'Autonomic'. One of these regions is the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) is also known as the pressor area of the medulla (medulla pressor). It receives inhibitory GABAergic input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The RVLM is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system, sending excitatory fibers (catecholaminergic) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, via reticulospinal tract[WP]. Wikipedia:Rostral_ventrolateral_medulla Wikipedia:Rostral_ventrolateral_medulla medulla pressor bone tissue of long bone FMA:83117 SCTID:425475006 UBERON:0005808 uberon cortex of hand bone . UBERON:0005809 uberon . HP:0005926 cervical vertebra 1 anterior tubercle FMA:23991 MA:0002871 SCTID:281224005 TODO - check: anterior vs ventral; arch vs transverse process UBERON:0005810 anterior tubercle of atlas atlas ventral tubercle cervical vertebra 1 ventral tubercle tubercle of anterior arch of atlas tuberculum anterius (atlas) uberon ventral tubercle of atlas FMA:23991 anterior tubercle of atlas MP:0010731 ventral tubercle of atlas FMA:23991 tubercle of anterior arch of atlas FMA:23991 tuberculum anterius (atlas) MA:0002871 atlas ventral tubercle MA:0002871 cervical vertebra 1 ventral tubercle tubercle AAO:0010605 BTO:0002173 FMA:75429 UBERON:0005813 a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on bones, skin, or within the lungs in tuberculosis. They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Tubercle_(anatomy) a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on bones, skin, or within the lungs in tuberculosis. They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP]. arch of atlas . FMA:23975 SCTID:272708001 UBERON:0005814 atlas arch uberon FMA:23975 atlas arch . Wikipedia:Arch_of_the_atlas anterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra FMA:24126 UBERON:0005815 anterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra anterior tubercle of cervical vertebra tuberculum cervicales anterius vertebrae uberon FMA:24126 anterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra FMA:24126 anterior tubercle of cervical vertebra FMA:24126 FMA:TA tuberculum cervicales anterius vertebrae posterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra FMA:24128 UBERON:0005816 posterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra tuberculum cervicales posterius vertebrae uberon FMA:24128 FMA:TA tuberculum cervicales posterius vertebrae FMA:24128 posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra FMA:24128 posterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra neuraxis flexure An anatomical structure that is regional part of the central nervous system where there is a significant bend of the axis. UBERON:0005817 ZFA:0005593 uberon An anatomical structure that is regional part of the central nervous system where there is a significant bend of the axis. ZFIN:Curator cephalic flexure TAO:0002181 TODO - check UBERON:0005818 ZFA:0001640 flexura mesencephalica midbrain flexure the first flexure, or bend, of the embryonic brain; it appears in the region of the mid-brain. In human embryos it generally occurs at the end of the 3rd week/beginning of 4th. By means of it the fore-brain is bent in a ventral direction around the anterior end of the notochord and fore-gut, with the result that the floor of the fore-brain comes to lie almost parallel with that of the hind-brain. This flexure causes the mid-brain to become, for a time, the most prominent part of the brain, since its dorsal surface corresponds with the convexity of the curve. As a consequence, the cardiac plate, which was previously anterior to the forebrain, approximates its adult location in what will become the thoracic region[WP]. Ventral bend in the brain occurring caudal to the adenohypophyseal placode[ZFA]. uberon ventral flexure ZFA:0001640 ventral flexure Wikipedia:Cephalic_flexure flexura mesencephalica Wikipedia:Cephalic_flexure ZFIN:curator the first flexure, or bend, of the embryonic brain; it appears in the region of the mid-brain. In human embryos it generally occurs at the end of the 3rd week/beginning of 4th. By means of it the fore-brain is bent in a ventral direction around the anterior end of the notochord and fore-gut, with the result that the floor of the fore-brain comes to lie almost parallel with that of the hind-brain. This flexure causes the mid-brain to become, for a time, the most prominent part of the brain, since its dorsal surface corresponds with the convexity of the curve. As a consequence, the cardiac plate, which was previously anterior to the forebrain, approximates its adult location in what will become the thoracic region[WP]. Ventral bend in the brain occurring caudal to the adenohypophyseal placode[ZFA]. cervical flexure UBERON:0005819 uberon ventrally concave flexure of the embryonic brain occurring at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord[MP]. In humans develops by the 5th week of gestation[WP]. MP:0000913 ventrally concave flexure of the embryonic brain occurring at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord[MP]. In humans develops by the 5th week of gestation[WP]. pontine flexure UBERON:0005820 a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system (the neuraxis). This flexure marks the junction between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The division of the rhombencephalon (the early hindbrain) into the metencephalon and the myelencephalon occurs at the 7th week of development. In the mature brain, the metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum, whilst the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Pontine_Flexure a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system (the neuraxis). This flexure marks the junction between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The division of the rhombencephalon (the early hindbrain) into the metencephalon and the myelencephalon occurs at the 7th week of development. In the mature brain, the metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum, whilst the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata[WP]. gracile fasciculus BM:Me-GF FMA:258416 SCTID:369079001 UBERON:0004168 UBERON:0005821 a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb[GO]. The fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll) is a bundle of axon fibres in the dorsomedial spinal cord that carries information about fine touch, vibrations, and conscious proprioception from the lower part of the body to the brain stem. It is part of the posterior column of the spinal cord, which also contains the fasciculus cuneatus, which carries the same information from the upper part of the body. This tract and its continuation in the brain stem is often referred to as the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The fasciculus gracilis is wedge-shaped on transverse section and lies next the posterior median septum, its base being at the surface of the medulla spinalis, and its apex directed toward the posterior gray commissure. It increases in size from below upward, and consists of long thin fibers that are derived from the posterior nerve roots, and ascend as far as the medulla oblongata, where they end in the nucleus gracilis. The tract of Goll was named after Swiss neuroanatomist Friedrich Goll[WP]. distinction between axon tract and fasicule is unclear, we create is_a parentage to both f. gracilis medullae spinalis fasciculus gracilis gracile column gracile fascicle gracile tract gracilis tract ncithesaurus:Tract_of_Goll tract of Goll uberon Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus gracile tract FMA:258416 fasciculus gracilis FMA:258416 gracile fascicle GO:0021958 tract of Goll GO:0021958 Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb[GO]. The fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll) is a bundle of axon fibres in the dorsomedial spinal cord that carries information about fine touch, vibrations, and conscious proprioception from the lower part of the body to the brain stem. It is part of the posterior column of the spinal cord, which also contains the fasciculus cuneatus, which carries the same information from the upper part of the body. This tract and its continuation in the brain stem is often referred to as the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The fasciculus gracilis is wedge-shaped on transverse section and lies next the posterior median septum, its base being at the surface of the medulla spinalis, and its apex directed toward the posterior gray commissure. It increases in size from below upward, and consists of long thin fibers that are derived from the posterior nerve roots, and ascend as far as the medulla oblongata, where they end in the nucleus gracilis. The tract of Goll was named after Swiss neuroanatomist Friedrich Goll[WP]. Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus f. gracilis medullae spinalis Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus gracile column GO:0021958 gracilis tract gracile fasciculus of spinal cord FMA:73938 UBERON:0005826 editor note: check ontology structure, isa parentage to fasciculus of spinal cord should be inferred gracile fascicle of spinal cord spinal cord segment of fasciculus gracilis spinal cord segment of gracile fasciculus uberon FMA:73938 spinal cord segment of fasciculus gracilis FMA:73938 spinal cord segment of gracile fasciculus FMA:73938 gracile fascicle of spinal cord cuneate fasciculus BM:Me-CF UBERON:0004169 UBERON:0005832 Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus cuneate column cuneate tract cuneatus tract fasciculus cuneatus fasciculus cuneus uberon we assign the synonym 'Burdachs tract' to the subclass Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus cuneate tract Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus fasciculus cuneatus Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus fasciculus cuneus Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus cuneate column GO:0021959 cuneatus tract cuneate fasciculus of spinal cord FMA:73941 SCTID:314792006 The fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach, named for Karl Friedrich Burdach) is a bundle of nerves in the spinal cord which primarily transmits information from the arms. It is part of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. UBERON:0005835 burdach's tract cuneate fascicle of spinal cord cuneate fasciculus editor note: check ontology structure, isa parentage to fasciculus of spinal cord should be inferred. TODO - change definition to be the *whole* of the CF in the SC fasciculus cuneatus fasciculus cuneatus medullae spinalis ncithesaurus:Tract_of_Burdach tract of Burdach uberon FMA:73941 cuneate fascicle of spinal cord FMA:73941 FMA:TA fasciculus cuneatus FMA:73941 burdach's tract FMA:73941 cuneate fasciculus GO:0021959 tract of Burdach GO:0021959 The fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach, named for Karl Friedrich Burdach) is a bundle of nerves in the spinal cord which primarily transmits information from the arms. It is part of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus fasciculus cuneatus medullae spinalis fasciculus of spinal cord FMA:75799 UBERON:0005837 spinal cord fasciculus uberon FMA:75799 spinal cord fasciculus fasciculus of brain FMA:83844 UBERON:0005838 brain fasciculus uberon FMA:83844 brain fasciculus thoracic spinal cord dorsal column FMA:258178 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1442 UBERON:0005839 dorsal funiculus of thoracic segment of spinal cord dorsal white column of thoracic segment of spinal cord thoracic segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord thoracic spinal cord posterior column uberon FMA:258178 dorsal funiculus of thoracic segment of spinal cord FMA:258178 thoracic segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1442 thoracic spinal cord posterior column FMA:258178 dorsal white column of thoracic segment of spinal cord sacral spinal cord dorsal column FMA:258198 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1514 UBERON:0005840 sacral spinal cord posterior column sacral subsegment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord uberon FMA:258198 sacral subsegment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1514 sacral spinal cord posterior column cervical spinal cord dorsal column FMA:258176 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_736 UBERON:0005841 cervical segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord cervical spinal cord posterior column dorsal funiculus of cervical segment of spinal cord dorsal white column of cervical segment of spinal cord uberon FMA:258176 dorsal white column of cervical segment of spinal cord FMA:258176 dorsal funiculus of cervical segment of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_736 cervical spinal cord posterior column FMA:258176 cervical segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord lumbar spinal cord dorsal column FMA:258180 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_834 UBERON:0005842 dorsal funiculus of lumbar segment of spinal cord dorsal white column of lumbar segment of spinal cord lumbar segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord lumbar segment of gracile fasciculus of spinal cord lumbar spinal cord posterior column uberon FMA:258180 dorsal funiculus of lumbar segment of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_834 lumbar spinal cord posterior column FMA:258180 lumbar segment of gracile fasciculus of spinal cord FMA:258180 lumbar segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord FMA:258180 dorsal white column of lumbar segment of spinal cord sacral spinal cord FMA:256623 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1275 SCTID:244438003 UBERON:0005843 ncithesaurus:Sacral_Spinal_Cord sacral segment of spinal cord sacral segments of spinal cord [1-5] segmenta sacralia medullae spinalis [1-5] uberon FMA:256623 sacral segment of spinal cord FMA:256623 FMA:TA segmenta sacralia medullae spinalis [1-5] FMA:256623 sacral segments of spinal cord [1-5] spinal cord segment Editor notes: This is currently used loosely to refer to cervical, lumbar, etc as well as the metamerically repeated segments, which may correspond more closely with the ZFA neuromere term FMA:62420 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2665 SCTID:278748001 TAO:0001332 UBERON:0005844 ZFA:0001332 axial part of spinal cord axial regional part of spinal cord segment of spinal cord uberon FMA:62420 segment of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2665 axial regional part of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2665 axial part of spinal cord caudal segment of spinal cord FMA:256635 SCTID:278753006 UBERON:0005845 coccygeal segment of spinal cord coccygeal segments of spinal cord [1-3] for spinal cord segments, we treat coccygeal/caudal as synonyms - we only differentiate where bone is concerned segmenta coccygea medullae spinalis [1-3] uberon FMA:256635 FMA:TA segmenta coccygea medullae spinalis [1-3] FMA:256635 coccygeal segment of spinal cord FMA:256635 coccygeal segments of spinal cord [1-3] thoracic spinal cord lateral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1439 UBERON:0005847 uberon sacral spinal cord lateral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1587 UBERON:0005848 uberon cervical spinal cord lateral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_729 UBERON:0005849 uberon lumbar spinal cord lateral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_828 UBERON:0005850 uberon thoracic spinal cord ventral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1448 UBERON:0005852 uberon sacral spinal cord ventral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1520 UBERON:0005853 uberon cervical spinal cord ventral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1660 UBERON:0005854 cervical spinal cord anterior column uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1660 cervical spinal cord anterior column lumbar spinal cord ventral column NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_840 UBERON:0005855 uberon mesenchymal condensation EHDAA2:0003148 EHDAA:8979 EMAPA:25351 UBERON:0005856 mesenchyme condensation uberon EMAPA:25351 mesenchyme condensation cartilaginous condensation AEO:0000147 AO notes: isa cell condensation in VSAO Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. EHDAA2:0003147 EMAPA:25353 UBERON:0005863 VSAO:0000092 XAO:0004022 cartilage condensation cartilagenous condensation chondrogenic condensation uberon EHDAA2:0003147 cartilagenous condensation VSAO:0000092 chondrogenic condensation EMAPA:25353 cartilage condensation Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. GO:curator pre-muscle condensation AEO:0000149 EHDAA2:0003149 UBERON:0005865 UBERON:0008714 pre muscle mass premuscle mass uberon pre-cartilage condensation A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. AEO:0000150 EHDAA2:0003150 UBERON:0005866 uberon EHDAA2 A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/precartilage mandibular prominence EHDAA2:0001061 EHDAA:5871 EMAPA:17355 Editor note: check develops_from The mandibular prominence is an embryological structure which gives rise to the lower portion of the face. The mandible and lower lip derive from it. It is innervated by the mandibular nerve. UBERON:0005867 mandibular process mandibular swelling ncithesaurus:Mandibular_Prominence prominentia mandibularis uberon UBERON:cjm mandibular swelling The mandibular prominence is an embryological structure which gives rise to the lower portion of the face. The mandible and lower lip derive from it. It is innervated by the mandibular nerve. Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence prominentia mandibularis Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence mandibular process maxillary prominence Continuous with the dorsal end of the mandibular arch, and growing forward from its cephalic border, is a triangular process, the maxillary process (or maxillary prominence), the ventral extremity of which is separated from the mandibular arch by a '>' shaped notch. The maxillary process forms the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and in it are ossified the zygomatic bone and the greater part of the maxilla; it meets with the lateral nasal process, from which, however, it is separated for a time by a groove, the naso-optic furrow, that extends from the furrow encircling the eyeball to the olfactory pit. The maxillary processes ultimately fuse with the lateral nasal and globular processes, and form the lateral parts of the upper lip and the posterior boundaries of the nares. It is innervated by the maxillary nerve. EHDAA2:0001070 EHDAA:5877 EMAPA:17359 SCTID:346355001 UBERON:0005868 maxillary process maxillary process of embryo ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Prominence prominentia maxilaris uberon SCTID:346355001 maxillary process of embryo Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence prominentia maxilaris EHDAA2:0001070 maxillary process Continuous with the dorsal end of the mandibular arch, and growing forward from its cephalic border, is a triangular process, the maxillary process (or maxillary prominence), the ventral extremity of which is separated from the mandibular arch by a '>' shaped notch. The maxillary process forms the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and in it are ossified the zygomatic bone and the greater part of the maxilla; it meets with the lateral nasal process, from which, however, it is separated for a time by a groove, the naso-optic furrow, that extends from the furrow encircling the eyeball to the olfactory pit. The maxillary processes ultimately fuse with the lateral nasal and globular processes, and form the lateral parts of the upper lip and the posterior boundaries of the nares. It is innervated by the maxillary nerve. Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence maxillary process of inferior nasal concha FMA:54741 From the lower border of the inferior nasal concha, a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. UBERON:0005869 maxillary process of inferior concha maxillary process of inferior nasal turbinate maxillary process of inferior turbinate p. maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris processus maxillaris (concha nasalis inferior) processus maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris uberon From the lower border of the inferior nasal concha, a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. Wikipedia:Maxillary_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha Wikipedia:Maxillary_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha p. maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris FMA:54741 FMA:TA processus maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris FMA:54741 processus maxillaris (concha nasalis inferior) FMA:54741 maxillary process of inferior turbinate FMA:54741 maxillary process of inferior nasal turbinate FMA:54741 maxillary process of inferior concha olfactory pit AAO:0011068 By the upgrowth of the surrounding parts the olfactory areas are converted into pits, the olfactory pits, which indent the fronto-nasal process and divide it into a medial and two lateral nasal processes[WP]. an indentation of the olfactory placode which ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx[GO]. EFO:0003496 EHDAA2:0001295 EHDAA:4772 EMAPA:16800 SCTID:361485001 UBERON:0005870 XAO:0000275 nasal pit uberon we represent the relationship as develops from, though in fact the pit is formed as an indentation in the placode By the upgrowth of the surrounding parts the olfactory areas are converted into pits, the olfactory pits, which indent the fronto-nasal process and divide it into a medial and two lateral nasal processes[WP]. an indentation of the olfactory placode which ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx[GO]. GO:0060166 Wikipedia:Olfactory_pit XAO:0000275 nasal pit palatine process of maxilla FMA:52896 SCTID:368870009 The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. It forms a considerable part of the floor of the nose and the roof of the mouth and is much thicker in front than behind. Its inferior surface is concave, rough and uneven, and forms, with the palatine process of the opposite bone, the anterior three-fourths of the hard palate. It is perforated by numerous foramina for the passage of the nutrient vessels; is channelled at the back part of its lateral border by a groove, sometimes a canal, for the transmission of the descending palatine vessels and the anterior palatine nerve from the spheno-palatine ganglion; and presents little depressions for the lodgement of the palatine glands. When the two maxillae are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. In this opening the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. Occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. On the under surface of the palatine process, a delicate linear suture, well seen in young skulls, may sometimes be noticed extending lateralward and forward on either side from the incisive foramen to the interval between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth. The small part in front of this suture constitutes the premaxilla (os incisivum), which in most vertebrates forms an independent bone; it includes the whole thickness of the alveolus, the corresponding part of the floor of the nose and the anterior nasal spine, and contains the sockets of the incisor teeth. The upper surface of the palatine process is concave from side to side, smooth, and forms the greater part of the floor of the nasal cavity. It presents, close to its medial margin, the upper orifice of the incisive canal. The lateral border of the process is incorporated with the rest of the bone. The medial border is thicker in front than behind, and is raised above into a ridge, the nasal crest, which, with the corresponding ridge of the opposite bone, forms a groove for the reception of the vomer. The front part of this ridge rises to a considerable height, and is named the incisor crest; it is prolonged forward into a sharp process, which forms, together with a similar process of the opposite bone, the anterior nasal spine. The posterior border is serrated for articulation with the horizontal part of the palatine bone. UBERON:0005871 palatal process palatine process processus palatinus (maxilla) processus palatinus ossis maxillae, processus palatinus maxillae uberon Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla palatine process Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla palatal process The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. It forms a considerable part of the floor of the nose and the roof of the mouth and is much thicker in front than behind. Its inferior surface is concave, rough and uneven, and forms, with the palatine process of the opposite bone, the anterior three-fourths of the hard palate. It is perforated by numerous foramina for the passage of the nutrient vessels; is channelled at the back part of its lateral border by a groove, sometimes a canal, for the transmission of the descending palatine vessels and the anterior palatine nerve from the spheno-palatine ganglion; and presents little depressions for the lodgement of the palatine glands. When the two maxillae are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. In this opening the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. Occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. On the under surface of the palatine process, a delicate linear suture, well seen in young skulls, may sometimes be noticed extending lateralward and forward on either side from the incisive foramen to the interval between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth. The small part in front of this suture constitutes the premaxilla (os incisivum), which in most vertebrates forms an independent bone; it includes the whole thickness of the alveolus, the corresponding part of the floor of the nose and the anterior nasal spine, and contains the sockets of the incisor teeth. The upper surface of the palatine process is concave from side to side, smooth, and forms the greater part of the floor of the nasal cavity. It presents, close to its medial margin, the upper orifice of the incisive canal. The lateral border of the process is incorporated with the rest of the bone. The medial border is thicker in front than behind, and is raised above into a ridge, the nasal crest, which, with the corresponding ridge of the opposite bone, forms a groove for the reception of the vomer. The front part of this ridge rises to a considerable height, and is named the incisor crest; it is prolonged forward into a sharp process, which forms, together with a similar process of the opposite bone, the anterior nasal spine. The posterior border is serrated for articulation with the horizontal part of the palatine bone. Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla FMA:52896 processus palatinus (maxilla) Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla processus palatinus ossis maxillae, processus palatinus maxillae 1st arch pharyngeal cleft 1st arch branchial groove 1st arch groove ectoderm A groove that is situated between the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch. EHDAA2:0000009 EHDAA:575 EMAPA:16119 UBERON:0005872 VHOG:0000969 branchial groove of 1st arch uberon EMAPA:16119 branchial groove of 1st arch 1st arch branchial groove EHDAA2:0000008 1st arch groove ectoderm EHDAA2:0000009 A groove that is situated between the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch. VHOG:OG 2nd arch pharyngeal cleft 2nd arch branchial groove 2nd arch groove ectoderm A groove that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. EHDAA2:0000057 EHDAA:613 EMAPA:16396 UBERON:0005873 VHOG:0000972 branchial groove of 2nd arch uberon 2nd arch branchial groove EHDAA2:0000054 A groove that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. VHOG:OG EMAPA:16396 branchial groove of 2nd arch 2nd arch groove ectoderm EHDAA2:0000057 3rd arch pharyngeal cleft 3rd arch branchial groove 3rd arch groove ectoderm A groove that is situated between the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch. EHDAA2:0000074 EHDAA:1082 EMAPA:16581 UBERON:0005874 VHOG:0000973 branchial groove of 3rd arch uberon A groove that is situated between the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch. VHOG:OG 3rd arch branchial groove EHDAA2:0000071 EMAPA:16581 branchial groove of 3rd arch 3rd arch groove ectoderm EHDAA2:0000074 4th arch pharyngeal cleft 4th arch branchial groove A groove that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch. EHDAA:1665 EMAPA:16761 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000088 UBERON:0005875 VHOG:0000968 branchial groove of 4th arch uberon 4th arch branchial groove RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000088 A groove that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch. VHOG:OG EMAPA:16761 branchial groove of 4th arch genital tubercle A genital tubercle is a body of tissue present in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It forms in the ventral, caudal region of mammalian embryos of both sexes, and eventually develops into a phallus. In the human fetus the genital tubercle develops around week 4 of gestation, and by week 9 becomes recognizably either a clitoris or penis. This should not be confused with the sinus tubercle which is a proliferation of endoderm induced by paramesonephic ducts. Even after the phallus is developed, the term genital tubercle remains, but only as the terminal end of it[2], which develops into either the glans penis or the glans clitoridis. The genital tubercle is sensitive to dihydrotestosterone and rich in 5-alpha-reductase, so that the amount of fetal testosterone present after the second month is a major determinant of phallus size at birth.[WP]. EHDAA2:0000705 EHDAA:5925 EMAPA:17382 SCTID:308798005 Taxon notes: todo - add taxon constraints UBERON:0005876 tuberculum phallicum; tuberculum genitale uberon Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle tuberculum phallicum; tuberculum genitale A genital tubercle is a body of tissue present in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It forms in the ventral, caudal region of mammalian embryos of both sexes, and eventually develops into a phallus. In the human fetus the genital tubercle develops around week 4 of gestation, and by week 9 becomes recognizably either a clitoris or penis. This should not be confused with the sinus tubercle which is a proliferation of endoderm induced by paramesonephic ducts. Even after the phallus is developed, the term genital tubercle remains, but only as the terminal end of it[2], which develops into either the glans penis or the glans clitoridis. The genital tubercle is sensitive to dihydrotestosterone and rich in 5-alpha-reductase, so that the amount of fetal testosterone present after the second month is a major determinant of phallus size at birth.[WP]. Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle pharyngeal cleft AAO:0010623 Editor notes: consider adding location (precursor) - i.e. external (ectodermal). Note we use overlaps as the relationship to the arches UBERON:0005879 branchial cleft branchial groove ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Groove pharyngeal groove sulcus pharyngei the counterpart of a branchial pouch on the ectodermal side. The first pharyngeal groove produces the external auditory meatus.[2] The rest (2, 3, and 4) are overlapped by the growing 2nd pharyngeal arch, and form the floor of the depression termed the cervical sinus, which opens ventrally, and finally obliterated[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove branchial cleft Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove the counterpart of a branchial pouch on the ectodermal side. The first pharyngeal groove produces the external auditory meatus.[2] The rest (2, 3, and 4) are overlapped by the growing 2nd pharyngeal arch, and form the floor of the depression termed the cervical sinus, which opens ventrally, and finally obliterated[WP]. EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove sulcus pharyngei EHDAA2 AAO:0010623 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove branchial groove EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove pharyngeal groove prepollex AAO:0000852 UBERON:0005880 a rudimentary additional digit on the preaxial side of the thumb of certain amphibians and mammals[dictionary.com]. A prepollex does not contain phalanges nor does it articulate with a metacarpal. It articulates with elements of the carpal (wrist) skeleton[AAO:DB]. Two or more elements located ventral and medial to the metacarpal of digit II(I). The proximal prepollex is small and round whereas distal prepollex 1 is usually large and wedge-shaped. When more elements are present, they are smaller than previous elements. cartilago pre-pollicis not homologous to digit 1 of tetrapods. TODO: add articulation relations pseudothumb uberon AAO:0000852 cartilago pre-pollicis doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1038 pseudothumb AAO:0000852 AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996 AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007 a rudimentary additional digit on the preaxial side of the thumb of certain amphibians and mammals[dictionary.com]. A prepollex does not contain phalanges nor does it articulate with a metacarpal. It articulates with elements of the carpal (wrist) skeleton[AAO:DB]. Two or more elements located ventral and medial to the metacarpal of digit II(I). The proximal prepollex is small and round whereas distal prepollex 1 is usually large and wedge-shaped. When more elements are present, they are smaller than previous elements. limb outgrowth UBERON:0005881 encompasses digits and prepollex uberon alar plate UBERON:0005882 alar lamina lamina alaris lamina dorsolateralis lamina dorsolateralis; lamina alaris the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies dorsal to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily sensory neurons and interneurons involved in communication of sensory impulses. uberon Wikipedia:Alar_lamina alar lamina Wikipedia:Alar_plate lamina dorsolateralis; lamina alaris Wikipedia:Alar_lamina lamina dorsolateralis MP:0009692 Wikipedia:Alar_plate the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies dorsal to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily sensory neurons and interneurons involved in communication of sensory impulses. Wikipedia:Alar_lamina lamina alaris neural tube lateral wall mantle layer EHDAA2:0001261 TODO - expand subtypes post EHDAA2-revision, check lateral wall UBERON:0005883 uberon hyoid arch skeleton AAO:0010370 TAO:0001276 UBERON:0005884 XAO:0003177 ZFA:0001276 pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton uberon ZFA:0001276 pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton TAO:0000095 UBERON:0005886 XAO:0003180 ZFA:0000095 branchial arch skeleton uberon ZFA XAO:0003180 branchial arch skeleton XAO zygote cortex AAO:0010327 EMAPA:18427 UBERON:0005889 XAO:0000216 cortex todo - request from GO uberon XAO:0000216 cortex gonad germinal epithelium BTO:0004524 EMAPA:17384 EV:0200046 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000706 UBERON:0005890 VHOG:0000629 coelomic epithelium germinal epithelium uberon RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000706 germinal epithelium EMAPA:17384 coelomic epithelium coelomic epithelium EHDAA2:0004049 The epithelial lining of the surface of the body wall and abdominal organs. UBERON:0005891 XAO:0000329 uberon The epithelial lining of the surface of the body wall and abdominal organs. Wikipedia:Coelomic_epithelium XAO:0000329 mesonephric early distal tubule AAO:0010391 The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons. UBERON:0005892 XAO:0000333 mesonephric ascending limb mesonephric straight distal segment uberon The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons. XB:curator XAO:0000333 mesonephric straight distal segment XAO:0000333 mesonephric ascending limb leg bone A bone that is part of the region of the hindlimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. Counter-examples: any foot phalanx MA:0000670 MESH:A.02.835.232.500 UBERON:0005893 uberon A bone that is part of the region of the hindlimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. Counter-examples: any foot phalanx UBERON:cjm locomotive weight-bearing appendage A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands (GO:0035110). Functional grouping, currently encompasses vertebrate and insect legs. This class was originally introduced to support GO:0035110, but this has been obsoleted. UBERON:0005894 leg uberon A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands (GO:0035110). GO:0035110 Wikipedia:Leg insect leg FBbt:00004640 MAT:0000095 MIAA:0000095 TGMA:0000164 The walking appendages of each segment of the ventral adult external thorax[FBbt]. A leg derived from an imaginal disc[GO]. UBERON:0005895 imaginal disc-derived leg uberon GO:0007480 imaginal disc-derived leg FBbt:00004640 GO:0007480 The walking appendages of each segment of the ventral adult external thorax[FBbt]. A leg derived from an imaginal disc[GO]. jointed/prehensile appendage A jointed or prehensible appendage used for locomotion or manipulation. Examples: human arm, human leg, octopus tentacle, insect limb[Wikipedia]. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. For example a leg, arm or some types of fin[GO]. AEO:0000172 BTO:0001492 Extremitaet MESH:A.01.378 UBERON:0005896 extremity limb ncithesaurus:Extremities uberon AEO:0000172 BTO:0001492 GO:0035108 limb A jointed or prehensible appendage used for locomotion or manipulation. Examples: human arm, human leg, octopus tentacle, insect limb[Wikipedia]. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. For example a leg, arm or some types of fin[GO]. GO:0035108 Wikipedia:Limb_(anatomy) BTO:0001492 Extremitaet hand bone A bone that is part of the hand skeleton MA:0000619 SCTID:265809008 UBERON:0005897 uberon A bone that is part of the hand skeleton UBERON:cjm foot bone A bone that is part of the foot skeleton GAID:192 MA:0000643 MESH:A.02.835.232.300 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5ridZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361371005 UBERON:0005899 ncithesaurus:Foot_Bone uberon A bone that is part of the foot skeleton UBERON:cjm occipital region AAO:0010199 Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. FMA:49187 SCTID:362618001 TAO:0001414 TODO - check UBERON:0005902 XAO:0003173 ZFA:0001414 basicranial region occipital part of head uberon FMA:49187 occipital part of head ZFA:0001414 basicranial region Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. TAO:0001414 duct of seminal vesicle EMAPA:29282 Each seminal vesicle consists of a single tube, coiled upon itself, and giving off several irregular cecal diverticula; the separate coils, as well as the diverticula, are connected together by fibrous tissue. When uncoiled, the tube is about the diameter of a quill, and varies in length from 10 to 15 cm.; it ends posteriorly in a cul-de-sac; its anterior extremity becomes constricted into a narrow straight duct called the excretory duct of seminal gland (or duct of the seminal vesicle), which joins with the corresponding ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct[WP]. FMA:19473 SCTID:279675008 UBERON:0005903 ductus excretorius (vesicula seminalis) ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae excretory duct of seminal gland seminal vesicle duct uberon FMA:19473 FMA:TA ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae FMA:19473 seminal vesicle duct FMA:19473 ductus excretorius (vesicula seminalis) Each seminal vesicle consists of a single tube, coiled upon itself, and giving off several irregular cecal diverticula; the separate coils, as well as the diverticula, are connected together by fibrous tissue. When uncoiled, the tube is about the diameter of a quill, and varies in length from 10 to 15 cm.; it ends posteriorly in a cul-de-sac; its anterior extremity becomes constricted into a narrow straight duct called the excretory duct of seminal gland (or duct of the seminal vesicle), which joins with the corresponding ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct[WP]. Wikipedia:Excretory_duct_of_seminal_gland Wikipedia:Excretory_duct_of_seminal_gland ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae FMA:19473 excretory duct of seminal gland duct of male reproductive system UBERON:0005904 groups the individual ducts in a variety of species uberon insect labrum A mouthpart of insects. BTO:0004104 Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology FBbt:00004522 HAO:0000456 TADS:0000039 UBERON:0005905 insect labium labium labrum uberon BTO:0004104 insect labium BTO:0004104 labrum A mouthpart of insects. Wikipedia:Insect_mouthparts#Labrum BTO:0004104 labium serous sac FMA:9689 Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA] SCTID:362890006 UBERON:0005906 uberon FMA:9689 Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA] conjunctival sac EMAPA:18233 FMA:20291 SCTID:362531001 Serous sac, which has as parts the conjunctiva and the cavity of conjunctiva. Examples: There are only two conjunctival sacs, the right and the left.[FMA] UBERON:0005908 uberon FMA FMA MA FMA:20291 Serous sac, which has as parts the conjunctiva and the cavity of conjunctiva. Examples: There are only two conjunctival sacs, the right and the left.[FMA] transitional epithelium BTO:0003906 FMA:63914 MESH:A.10.272.850 Multilaminar epithelium, which of consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, in contact with a basement membrane, that can undergo distention and contraction without losing its integrity and consistency. Examples: urothelium.[FMA] SCTID:30117005 UBERON:0005910 epithelium transitionale ncithesaurus:Transitional_Epithelium see comments for urothelium uberon urothelium EMAPA:28089 Wikipedia:Transitional_epithelium urothelium FMA:63914 FMA:FMA Multilaminar epithelium, which of consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, in contact with a basement membrane, that can undergo distention and contraction without losing its integrity and consistency. Examples: urothelium.[FMA] Wikipedia:Transitional_epithelium FMA:63914 epithelium transitionale endo-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA] FMA:69065 UBERON:0005911 uberon Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA] FMA:69065 FMA:FMA transitional epithelium of major calyx FMA:263266 UBERON:0005912 uberon urothelium of major calyx OBOL:automatic urothelium of major calyx zone of bone organ FMA:10483 UBERON:0005913 bone organ zone uberon FMA:10483 bone organ zone supreme nasal concha FMA:57457 SCTID:361935003 UBERON:0005919 a thin bony plate occasionally found projecting from the inner wall of the ethmoid labyrinth, above the bony superior nasal concha, and the mucous membrane covering the plate. concha nasi suprema highest nasal concha supreme nasal turbinate supreme turbinate uberon FMA:57457 supreme turbinate FMA:57457 highest nasal concha FMA:57457 supreme nasal turbinate a thin bony plate occasionally found projecting from the inner wall of the ethmoid labyrinth, above the bony superior nasal concha, and the mucous membrane covering the plate. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/supreme+nasal+concha FMA:57457 FMA:TA concha nasi suprema superior nasal concha FMA:57458 SCTID:361934004 The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. The bone found in superior nasal concha is part of the ethmoid bone. UBERON:0005920 superior concha superior nasal turbinate superior turbinate uberon Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_concha superior concha FMA:57458 superior turbinate The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. The bone found in superior nasal concha is part of the ethmoid bone. Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_concha FMA:57458 superior nasal turbinate middle nasal concha FMA:57459 SCTID:361933005 The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha. UBERON:0005921 middle concha middle nasal turbinate middle turbinate uberon Wikipedia:Middle_nasal_concha middle concha The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha. Wikipedia:Middle_nasal_concha FMA:57459 middle turbinate FMA:57459 middle nasal turbinate inferior nasal concha FMA:54736 SCTID:361932000 The inferior nasal concha (Inferior Turbinated Bone) is one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. 1] and consists of a of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. Each inferior nasal concha is considered a facial pair of bones since they arise from the maxillae bones and projects horizontally into the nasal cavity. They are also termed 'inferior nasal turbinates' because they function similar to that of a turbine. As the air passes through the turbinates, the air is churned against these mucosa-lined bones in order to receive warmth, moisture and cleansing. Superior to inferior nasal concha are the middle nasal concha and superior nasal concha which arise from the cranial portion of the skull. Hence, these two are considered as a part of the cranial bones. It has two surfaces, two borders, and two extremities. UBERON:0005922 concha nasi inferior, concha nasalis inferior inferior concha inferior nasal turbinate inferior turbinate inferior turbinated ncithesaurus:Inferior_Turbinate note that in FMA this is not classified with the other turbinates. In Uberon we subdivide the turbinates into the ethmoturbinates and the inferior turbinate. TODO: check ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha uberon FMA FMA:54736 inferior nasal turbinate dbpedia Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha inferior turbinated dbpedia The inferior nasal concha (Inferior Turbinated Bone) is one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. 1] and consists of a of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. Each inferior nasal concha is considered a facial pair of bones since they arise from the maxillae bones and projects horizontally into the nasal cavity. They are also termed 'inferior nasal turbinates' because they function similar to that of a turbine. As the air passes through the turbinates, the air is churned against these mucosa-lined bones in order to receive warmth, moisture and cleansing. Superior to inferior nasal concha are the middle nasal concha and superior nasal concha which arise from the cranial portion of the skull. Hence, these two are considered as a part of the cranial bones. It has two surfaces, two borders, and two extremities. Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha inferior concha Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha concha nasi inferior, concha nasalis inferior FMA:54736 inferior turbinate ISBN10:1588903958 ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. FMA:54742 UBERON:0005925 ethmoidal process of inferior concha ethmoidal process of inferior nasal turbinate ethmoidal process of inferior turbinate processus ethmoidalis (concha nasalis inferior) processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris uberon Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. Wikipedia:Ethmoid_boneal_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha FMA:54742 FMA:TA processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris FMA:54742 ethmoidal process of inferior concha Wikipedia:Ethmoidal_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris FMA:54742 processus ethmoidalis (concha nasalis inferior) FMA:54742 ethmoidal process of inferior turbinate FMA:54742 ethmoidal process of inferior nasal turbinate external naris AAO:0000024 AAO:0010358 EHDAA2:0001275 EHDAA:9085 EMAPA:17848 FMA:59645 Fish have two pairs of external nostrils. MA:0001320 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:276165005 Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing. TAO:0000550 UBERON:0005928 VHOG:0000544 XAO:0003033 ZFA:0000550 anterior naris blowhole external nares naris ncithesaurus:Nostril nostril uberon ZFA:0000550 naris OMD:nostril Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing. Wikipedia:Nostril Wikipedia:Blowhole_(anatomy) blowhole FMA:59645 XAO:0003033 nostril ZFA ZFA:0001427 anterior naris external nares MA primary choana EHDAA:9087 EMAPA:17851 MA:0001322 TODO - check. MA says part_of external naris. UBERON:0005931 initial opening of the nasal pits and olfactory sac of the embryo into the rostral part of the primordial oronasal cavity, before the formation of the secondary palate. uberon http://www.drugs.com/dict/primary-choana.html initial opening of the nasal pits and olfactory sac of the embryo into the rostral part of the primordial oronasal cavity, before the formation of the secondary palate. bulb of hair follicle EMAPA:18770 FMA:70666 MA:0000161 MA:0000783 SCTID:361360009 UBERON:0005932 coat hair bulb hair bulb hair follicle bulb ncithesaurus:Hair_Bulb see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 uberon FMA:70666 hair bulb FMA:70666 hair follicle bulb MA:0000161 coat hair bulb hair root sheath EMAPA:18772 MA:0000162 MA:0000784 UBERON:0005933 see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 uberon hair inner root sheath BTO:0003971 FMA:70935 MA:0000779 MA:0000785 The cells of the inner root sheath are interlocked with those of the cuticle of the hair, firmly anchoring the hair in the follicle. The inner root sheath must grow at the same rate as the hair, or faster as it molds and guides the shaft in its passage outward[BTO]. the multilayered tube composed of terminally differentiated hair follicle keratinocytes that is surrounded by the outer root sheath; the layers of the inner root sheath include the companion layer, Henle's layer, Huxley's layer and the inner root sheath cuticle[MP]. UBERON:0005941 hair follicle inner root sheath inner root sheath inner root sheath of hair follicle inner sheath of hair follicle internal root sheath of hair follicle uberon FMA:70935 inner sheath of hair follicle MP:0010685 hair follicle inner root sheath BTO:0003971 inner root sheath FMA:70935 internal root sheath of hair follicle FMA:70935 inner root sheath of hair follicle Keratin.com:http://www.keratin.com/ MP:0010685 The cells of the inner root sheath are interlocked with those of the cuticle of the hair, firmly anchoring the hair in the follicle. The inner root sheath must grow at the same rate as the hair, or faster as it molds and guides the shaft in its passage outward[BTO]. the multilayered tube composed of terminally differentiated hair follicle keratinocytes that is surrounded by the outer root sheath; the layers of the inner root sheath include the companion layer, Henle's layer, Huxley's layer and the inner root sheath cuticle[MP]. https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 hair outer root sheath BTO:0003969 FMA:70943 It surrounds the hair follicle like a sleeve all the way to the bulb. The outer root sheath is essentially a stratified epithelium that is contiguous with the epidermis. MA:0000780 MA:0000786 ORS UBERON:0005942 external root sheath of hair follicle hair follicle outer root sheath outer root sheath outer root sheath of hair follicle uberon FMA:70943 outer root sheath of hair follicle BTO:0003969 outer root sheath FMA:70943 external root sheath of hair follicle It surrounds the hair follicle like a sleeve all the way to the bulb. The outer root sheath is essentially a stratified epithelium that is contiguous with the epidermis. Keratin.com:http://www.keratin.com/ https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 BTO:0003969 ORS BTO:0003969 hair follicle outer root sheath hair root sheath matrix MA:0000781 UBERON:0005943 uberon axial skeleton AAO:0000963 EMAPA:17214 EMAPA:18043 FMA:71221 MA:0000308 SCTID:361725000 Subdivision of skeleton which consists of skull, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA]. UBERON:0005944 VSAO:0000056 XAO:0004011 ncithesaurus:Axial_Skeleton note that in versions of FMA prior to v3, axial skeleton did _not_ include the skull skeleton axiale uberon FMA:71221 Subdivision of skeleton which consists of skull, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA]. VSAO:0000056 Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton skeleton axiale neurocranial trabecula EFO:0003677 TAO:0001321 UBERON:0005945 ZFA:0001321 neurocranial trabeculae trabecula trabecular cartilage uberon ZFA:0001321 trabecular cartilage ZFA:0001321 trabecula ZFA:0001321 neurocranial trabeculae outflow tract of atrium FMA:14141 UBERON:0005946 outflow part of atrium uberon FMA:14141 outflow part of atrium outflow part of right ventricle FMA:7216 Outflow part of ventricle which is continuous with the pulmonary trunk[FNA]. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery[WP]. RVOT SCTID:244379003 UBERON:0005953 conus arteriosus (infundibulum) infundibulum infundibulum of right ventricle outflow tract of right ventricle pulmonary conus uberon PMID:17276708 FMA:7216 outflow tract of right ventricle FMA:7216 conus arteriosus (infundibulum) FMA:7216 Outflow part of ventricle which is continuous with the pulmonary trunk[FNA]. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery[WP]. Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus infundibulum FMA:7216 infundibulum of right ventricle FMA:7216 pulmonary conus outflow part of left ventricle FMA:9473 LVOT Outflow part of ventricle which is continuous with the aorta[FMA]. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. SCTID:264070001 UBERON:0005956 aortic vestibule left ventricular outflow outflow tract of left ventricle uberon vestibulum aortae FMA:9473 outflow tract of left ventricle FMA:9473 aortic vestibule FMA:9473 Outflow part of ventricle which is continuous with the aorta[FMA]. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. FMA:9473 FMA:TA vestibulum aortae FMA:9473 left ventricular outflow outflow part of right atrium FMA:9550 Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA] UBERON:0005965 main part of right atrium outflow tract of right atrium uberon FMA:9550 main part of right atrium FMA:9550 outflow tract of right atrium FMA:9550 FMA:FMA Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA] outflow part of left atrium FMA:9551 UBERON:0005966 main part of left atrium outflow tract of left atrium uberon FMA:9551 main part of left atrium FMA:9551 outflow tract of left atrium conotruncal ridge EHDAA:1914 EMAPA:17332 EMAPA:17867 One of the pair of spiral mesenchymal swellings in the primordial ventricular outflow tract, that eventually fuse to form the conotruncal septum, dividing the subvalvular outflow tract and contributing to the membranous interventricular septum[MP] RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000194 UBERON:0005967 VHOG:0001385 aortico-pulmonary spiral ridges bulbar ridge conotruncal cushion endocardial ridge outflow tract cushion outflow tract endocardial cushion uberon MP:0010585 outflow tract endocardial cushion MP:0010585 aortico-pulmonary spiral ridges MP:0010585 endocardial ridge MP:0010585 bulbar ridge MP:0010585 One of the pair of spiral mesenchymal swellings in the primordial ventricular outflow tract, that eventually fuse to form the conotruncal septum, dividing the subvalvular outflow tract and contributing to the membranous interventricular septum[MP] PMID:8823298 MP:0010585 conotruncal cushion MP:0010585 outflow tract cushion infundibulum of hair follicle FMA:70722 SCTID:319522000 UBERON:0005968 dermal piliary canal hair follicle infundibulum ncithesaurus:Hair_Follicle_Infundibulum uberon FMA:70722 hair follicle infundibulum FMA:70722 dermal piliary canal reticulum trabeculare BTO:0001605 EFO:0003077 EV:0100352 GAID:897 Hueck's ligament MESH:A.09.371.060.932 TODO check syns - ligaments UBERON:0004028 UBERON:0005969 a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris[GO]. The trabecular meshwork is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). The tissue is spongy and lined by trabeculocytes; it allows fluid to drain into a set of tubes called Schlemm's canal flowing into the blood system[WP]. A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm.[GAID] the pore-like structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates[MP]. cribiform ligament iridis ligamentum peactin-tum iridis ligamentum pectinatum ligamentum pectinatum anguli iridocornealis ligamentum pectinatum iridis ncithesaurus:Trabecular_Meshwork pectinate ligament pectinate ligament of iris reticulum trabeculare sclerae scleral trabeculae scleral trabecular scleral trabecule scribiform ligament trabecular mesh trabecular meshwork trabecular meshwork of the eye uberon BTO:0001605 Hueck's ligament Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scleral trabecular Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork trabecular meshwork of the eye Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork iridis BTO:0001605 ligamentum pectinatum anguli iridocornealis BTO:0001605 GO:0002930 trabecular meshwork Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scleral trabecule GO:0002930 MP:0005203 Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris[GO]. The trabecular meshwork is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). The tissue is spongy and lined by trabeculocytes; it allows fluid to drain into a set of tubes called Schlemm's canal flowing into the blood system[WP]. A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm.[GAID] the pore-like structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates[MP]. Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork trabecular mesh Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork ligamentum peactin-tum iridis BTO:0001605 pectinate ligament of iris Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork ligamentum pectinatum iridis BTO:0001605 pectinate ligament Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork ligamentum pectinatum Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scleral trabeculae Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork cribiform ligament Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork reticulum trabeculare sclerae Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scribiform ligament brain commissure UBERON:0005970 uberon amniotic fold EMAPA:16076 UBERON:0005971 the folded edge of the amnion where it rises over and finally encloses the embryo[TFD]. uberon http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/amniotic+fold the folded edge of the amnion where it rises over and finally encloses the embryo[TFD]. tunnel of Corti A triangular, fluid-filled space normally found between the inner and outer rows of supporting pillar cells in the organ of Corti. UBERON:0005972 uberon A triangular, fluid-filled space normally found between the inner and outer rows of supporting pillar cells in the organ of Corti. MP:0003151 blood-inner ear barrier UBERON:0005973 the function of the group of barriers and transport systems which regulate the transport of various substances from blood to inner ear tissue and maintain the microhomeostasis and functional integrity of the inner ear; the endothelial cells of the inner ear blood capillaries, linked to each other by tight junctions, represent the main component of the blood-inner ear barrier uberon MP:0004999 the function of the group of barriers and transport systems which regulate the transport of various substances from blood to inner ear tissue and maintain the microhomeostasis and functional integrity of the inner ear; the endothelial cells of the inner ear blood capillaries, linked to each other by tight junctions, represent the main component of the blood-inner ear barrier posterior cerebellomedullary cistern A space between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla[MP]. The cisterna magna (or cerebellomedullary cistern) is one of three principal openings in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. The openings are collectively referred to as cisterns. The cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata. Cerebrospinal fluid produced in the fourth ventricle drains into the cisterna magna via the lateral apertures and median aperture. The two other principal cisterns are the pontine cistern located between the pons and the medulla, and the interpeduncular cistern located between the cerebral peduncles. Cerebral spinal fluid can also be obtained by puncture of the cisterna magna (cistern puncture). FMA:83721 GAID:690 MESH:A.08.186.566.166.686.351 SCTID:280391002 UBERON:0005974 cisterna cerebellomedullaris cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior cisterna magna ncithesaurus:Cisterna_Magna uberon Wikipedia:Cisterna_magna cisterna cerebellomedullaris A space between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla[MP]. The cisterna magna (or cerebellomedullary cistern) is one of three principal openings in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. The openings are collectively referred to as cisterns. The cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata. Cerebrospinal fluid produced in the fourth ventricle drains into the cisterna magna via the lateral apertures and median aperture. The two other principal cisterns are the pontine cistern located between the pons and the medulla, and the interpeduncular cistern located between the cerebral peduncles. Cerebral spinal fluid can also be obtained by puncture of the cisterna magna (cistern puncture). MP:0009036 Wikipedia:Cisterna_magna MP:0009033 cisterna magna MP:0009033 cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior hair follicle bulge BTO:0004904 FMA:70735 UBERON:0005975 bulge of hair follicle the area located in the bottom of the permanent portion of a resting (telogen) hair follicle where the cells of the external root sheath of the hair follicle are contiguous with the basal layer of the epidermis; this portion of the follicle is involved in the generation of a new hair at the onset of the hair growth cycle (anagen) and contains the hair follicle stem cells uberon FMA:70735 bulge of hair follicle MP:0009759 the area located in the bottom of the permanent portion of a resting (telogen) hair follicle where the cells of the external root sheath of the hair follicle are contiguous with the basal layer of the epidermis; this portion of the follicle is involved in the generation of a new hair at the onset of the hair growth cycle (anagen) and contains the hair follicle stem cells ansiform lobule crus I . ABA:ANcr1 FMA:72524 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209 TODO - check UBERON:0005976 crus II of the ansiform lobule (HVII) crus primum lobuli ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a] first crus of ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a] hemispheric lobule viibi lobulus ansiform crus II lobulus semilunaris inferior lobulus semilunaris superior cerebelli posterior superior lobule semilunar lobule-2 (superior) superior semilunar lobule superior semilunar lobule superior semilunar lobule of cerebellum uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209 crus II of the ansiform lobule (HVII) FMA:72524 semilunar lobule-2 (superior) FMA:72524 first crus of ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a] . MP:0010002 FMA:72524 FMA:TA crus primum lobuli ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a] FMA:72524 posterior superior lobule FMA:72524 superior semilunar lobule NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209 lobulus semilunaris inferior NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209 hemispheric lobule viibi NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209 lobulus ansiform crus II FMA:72524 superior semilunar lobule FMA:72524 FMA:TA lobulus semilunaris superior cerebelli FMA:72524 superior semilunar lobule of cerebellum ansiform lobule crus II . ABA:ANcr2 FMA:72525 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208 TODO - check UBERON:0005977 crus I of the ansiform lobule (HVII) crus secundum lobuli ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a hemispheric lobule viia inferior semilunar lobule inferior semilunar lobule of cerebellum lobulus ansiform crus I lobulus semilunaris inferior cerebelli lobulus semilunaris superior posterior inferior lobule second crus of ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a] semilunar lobule-2 (inferior) uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208 lobulus ansiform crus I FMA:72525 FMA:TA crus secundum lobuli ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a FMA:72525 inferior semilunar lobule of cerebellum NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208 crus I of the ansiform lobule (HVII) FMA:72525 inferior semilunar lobule FMA:72525 semilunar lobule-2 (inferior) FMA:72525 FMA:TA lobulus semilunaris inferior cerebelli . MP:0010003 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208 hemispheric lobule viia NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208 lobulus semilunaris superior FMA:72525 second crus of ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a] FMA:72525 posterior inferior lobule olfactory bulb outer nerve layer UBERON:0005978 the outermost layer of the olfactory bulb; consists primarily of olfactory afferent axons and ensheathing glia uberon MP:0010057 the outermost layer of the olfactory bulb; consists primarily of olfactory afferent axons and ensheathing glia crista terminalis FMA:9236 SCTID:277693004 UBERON:0005979 crista terminalis atrii dextri crista terminalis cordis crista terminalis of right atrium the vertical crest of the interior wall of the right atrium that lies to the right of the sinus of the vena cava and separates this from the remainder of the right atrium uberon FMA:9236 crista terminalis of right atrium FMA:9236 crista terminalis cordis MP:0010495 the vertical crest of the interior wall of the right atrium that lies to the right of the sinus of the vena cava and separates this from the remainder of the right atrium FMA:9236 FMA:TA crista terminalis atrii dextri pectinate muscle FMA:12226 SCTID:277718001 UBERON:0005980 musculi pectinati musculi pectinati atrii dextri, musculi pectinati atrii sinistri musculus pectinatus the prominent ridges of atrial myocardium located on the inner surface of most of the right atrium and both the right and left auricular regions[MP]. uberon FMA:12226 musculus pectinatus MP:0010496 Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati the prominent ridges of atrial myocardium located on the inner surface of most of the right atrium and both the right and left auricular regions[MP]. Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati musculi pectinati atrii dextri, musculi pectinati atrii sinistri Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati musculi pectinati vena cava sinus FMA:13246 UBERON:0005981 cavity of inflow part of right atrium posterior right atrial cavity sinus venarum cavarum the portion of the cavity of the right atrium of the heart that receives the blood from the vena cavae and is separated from the rest of the atrium by the crista terminalis uberon FMA:13246 cavity of inflow part of right atrium MP:0010497 the portion of the cavity of the right atrium of the heart that receives the blood from the vena cavae and is separated from the rest of the atrium by the crista terminalis FMA:13246 sinus venarum cavarum FMA:13246 posterior right atrial cavity Bachmann's bundle UBERON:0005982 anterior interatrial band http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png/350px-ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png the impulse conduction tract that originates in the sinoatrial node and transmits signal to the left atrium uberon UBERON:gg anterior interatrial band MP MP:0010517 Wikipedia:Bachmann's_bundle the impulse conduction tract that originates in the sinoatrial node and transmits signal to the left atrium heart layer UBERON:0005983 the laminar structure of the heart uberon MP:0010545 the laminar structure of the heart subendocardium layer UBERON:0005984 the layer of loose fibrous tissue located between the endocardium and myocardium which contains the nerves and the impulse-conducting system (Purkinje fibers) of the heart uberon MP:0010546 the layer of loose fibrous tissue located between the endocardium and myocardium which contains the nerves and the impulse-conducting system (Purkinje fibers) of the heart coronary vessel MESH:A.07.231.114.269 TODO - change relation from part_of UBERON:0005985 any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation uberon MP:0010551 any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation left branch of atrioventricular bundle FMA:9487 SCTID:277690001 Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the anterior, septal and posterior divisions of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle[FMA]. the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates at the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the left ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fiber[MP]. UBERON:0005986 crus sinistrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis) left bundle branch left bundle branch of bundle of His left bundle of atrioventricular bundle left crus of atrioventricular bundle left posterior branch left posterior bundle uberon MP:0010566 left crus of atrioventricular bundle FMA:9487 crus sinistrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis) MP:0010566 left bundle of atrioventricular bundle FMA:9487 MP:0010566 Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the anterior, septal and posterior divisions of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle[FMA]. the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates at the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the left ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fiber[MP]. MP:0010566 left posterior bundle FMA MP:0010566 left posterior branch HP:0005172 left bundle branch of bundle of His MP:0010566 left bundle branch right branch of atrioventricular bundle FMA:9486 SCTID:277689005 Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of right ventricle to reach the anterior papillary muscle and then subendocardially to the apex of the heart[FMA]. the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates just below the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the right ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fibers[MP]. UBERON:0005987 crus dextrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis) right bundle right bundle branch right bundle branch of bundle of His right right crus of atrioventricular bundle right ventricular bundle uberon FMA:9486 right bundle branch FMA:9486 MP:0010567 Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of right ventricle to reach the anterior papillary muscle and then subendocardially to the apex of the heart[FMA]. the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates just below the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the right ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fibers[MP]. FMA:9486 MP:0010567 right bundle FMA:9486 crus dextrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis) MP:0010567 right ventricular bundle FMA MP:0010567 right right crus of atrioventricular bundle atrium myocardial trabecula UBERON:0005988 atrial trabecula atrium myocardial trabeculae the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria trabecula of atrium uberon MP:0010581 the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria MP:0010581 atrium myocardial trabeculae atrioventricular septum FMA:7136 SCTID:280151006 UBERON:0005989 membranous atrioventricular septum the wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve uberon FMA:7136 membranous atrioventricular septum PMID:15797462 Wikipedia MP:0010592 the wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve aortic valve cusp FMA:7251 SCTID:362026005 UBERON:0005990 aortic semilunar valvule aortic valvular cusp cusp of aortic valve semilunar valvule of aortic valve the three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the aortic valve uberon FMA:7251 semilunar valvule of aortic valve FMA:7251 aortic semilunar valvule FMA:7251 aortic valvular cusp MP:0010595 the three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the aortic valve FMA:7251 cusp of aortic valve aortic valve anulus FMA:9502 UBERON:0005991 anulus of aortic valve aortic anulus aortic valvar anulus fibrous ring of aortic valve the fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps uberon FMA:9502 aortic valvar anulus MP:0010598 the fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps FMA:9502 fibrous ring of aortic valve FMA:9502 anulus of aortic valve FMA:9502 aortic anulus pulmonary valve cusp FMA:7248 UBERON:0005992 cusp of pulmonary valve pulmonary semilunar valvule pulmonary valvular cusp semilunar cusp of pulmonary valve semilunar valvule of pulmonary valve the three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the pulmonary valve uberon FMA:7248 semilunar cusp of pulmonary valve FMA:7248 semilunar valvule of pulmonary valve FMA:7248 cusp of pulmonary valve MP:0010602 the three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the pulmonary valve FMA:7248 pulmonary semilunar valvule FMA:7248 pulmonary valvular cusp pulmonary valve anulus FMA:9503 UBERON:0005993 anulus of pulmonary valve fibrous ring of pulmonary valve pulmonary anulus pulmonary valvar anulus the fibrous ring of the pulmonary valve that attaches the cusps of pulmonary valve to the wall of right ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps uberon FMA:9503 pulmonary anulus FMA:9503 pulmonary valvar anulus MP:0010606 the fibrous ring of the pulmonary valve that attaches the cusps of pulmonary valve to the wall of right ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps FMA:9503 anulus of pulmonary valve FMA:9503 fibrous ring of pulmonary valve chordae tendineae FMA:12225 GAID:564 MESH:A.07.541.510.240 UBERON:0005994 chorda tendinea chordae tendineae cordis ncithesaurus:Chordae_Tendineae the tendinous strands that connect the papillary muscles on the wall of the ventricles to the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves; the chordae tendineae serve to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing back into the atria uberon FMA:12225 chorda tendinea MP:0010608 Wikipedia:Chordae_tendineae the tendinous strands that connect the papillary muscles on the wall of the ventricles to the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves; the chordae tendineae serve to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing back into the atria Wikipedia:Chordae_tendineae chordae tendineae cordis mitral valve anulus FMA:9498 UBERON:0005995 anulus of mitral valve fibrous ring of mitral valve mitral anulus mitral valvar anulus the fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps uberon FMA:9498 mitral valvar anulus FMA:9498 anulus of mitral valve FMA:9498 mitral anulus MP:0010613 the fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps FMA:9498 fibrous ring of mitral valve mitral valve cusp TODO - add generic parent UBERON:0005996 the two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve uberon MP:0010614 the two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve tricuspid valve anulus FMA:9500 UBERON:0005997 anulus of tricuspid valve fibrous ring of tricuspid valve the fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve that attaches the cusps of tricuspid valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior cusp (infundibular cusp), the posterior cusp (marginal cusp), and the septal cusp (medial cusp) tricuspid anulus tricuspid valvar anulus uberon FMA:9500 tricuspid anulus MP:0010621 the fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve that attaches the cusps of tricuspid valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior cusp (infundibular cusp), the posterior cusp (marginal cusp), and the septal cusp (medial cusp) FMA:9500 anulus of tricuspid valve FMA:9500 fibrous ring of tricuspid valve FMA:9500 tricuspid valvar anulus tricuspid valve cusp FMA:7240 SCTID:261417002 TODO - check UBERON:0005998 cuspis septalis valvae atrioventricularis dextrae septal cusp of right atrioventricular valve septal cusp of tricuspid valve septal leaflet of tricuspid valve septal tricuspid leaflet the three fibrous triangular components and associated flaps of the tricuspid valve uberon FMA:7240 septal cusp of tricuspid valve FMA:7240 septal tricuspid leaflet FMA:7240 septal leaflet of tricuspid valve FMA:7240 FMA:TA cuspis septalis valvae atrioventricularis dextrae MP:0010622 the three fibrous triangular components and associated flaps of the tricuspid valve FMA:7240 septal cusp of right atrioventricular valve aorticopulmonary septum UBERON:0005999 the spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta uberon MP:0010650 the spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta intersomitic artery UBERON:0006001 XAO:0004165 the small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries uberon MP:0010662 the small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries vitelline artery EHDAA2:0002208 EMAPA:16207 UBERON:0006002 the paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac / gut tube from the dorsal aorta; the vitelline arteries give rise to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery in the adult uberon MP:0010664 Wikipedia:Vitelline_arteries the paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac / gut tube from the dorsal aorta; the vitelline arteries give rise to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery in the adult skin adnexa UBERON:0006003 adnexae cutis editor note - add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails uberon MP:0010678 Wikipedia:Skin_appendage http://code.google.com/p/caro2/issues/detail?id=5 the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails Wikipedia:Skin_appendage adnexae cutis hair follicle matrix region FMA:70772 UBERON:0006004 germinal matrix of hair bulb lower part of bulb of hair follicle lower zone of bulb of hair follicle the bulb region adjacent to the dermal papilla that contains rapidly proliferating matrix cells that give rise to the various cell lineages of the hair shaft and inner root sheath uberon FMA:70772 lower part of bulb of hair follicle MP:0010686 the bulb region adjacent to the dermal papilla that contains rapidly proliferating matrix cells that give rise to the various cell lineages of the hair shaft and inner root sheath FMA:70772 germinal matrix of hair bulb FMA:70772 lower zone of bulb of hair follicle hair follicle isthmus FMA:70723 UBERON:0006005 isthmus of hair follicle ncithesaurus:Hair_Follicle_Isthmus the middle part of the hair follicle that extends from the sebaceous duct to the bulge uberon FMA:70723 isthmus of hair follicle MP:0010694 the middle part of the hair follicle that extends from the sebaceous duct to the bulge metoptic pilar UBERON:0006006 posterior border of the optic nerve foramen. uberon MP:0010705 posterior border of the optic nerve foramen. pre-Botzinger complex MA:0002577 Pre-Bötzinger Complex UBERON:0006007 preBötC the MP class implies this is part of both the medulla oblongata and the PSNS, which violates the spatial disjointness constraint. We weaken this to continuous_with here. the group of interneurons within the medulla oblongata's ventral respiratory group that are important for the generation of ventilatory (inspiratory) rhythmogenesis[MP]. The Pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem, which is essential to the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals[WP]. uberon Pre-Bötzinger Complex Wikipedia:Pre-botzinger_complex Wikipedia:Pre-botzinger_complex preBötC MP:0010745 Wikipedia:Pre-botzinger_complex the group of interneurons within the medulla oblongata's ventral respiratory group that are important for the generation of ventilatory (inspiratory) rhythmogenesis[MP]. The Pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem, which is essential to the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals[WP]. fibrous ring of heart BTO:0003628 FMA:9497 Lower's ring The right and left fibrous rings of heart (anulus fibrosus cordis) surround the atrioventricular and arterial orifices, and are stronger upon the left than on the right side of the heart. The right fibrous ring is known as the anulus fibrosus dexter cordis, and the left is known as the anulus fibrosus sinister cordis. The atrioventricular rings serve for the attachment of the muscular fibers of the atria and ventricles, and for the attachment of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. The left atrioventricular ring is closely connected, by its right margin, with the aortic arterial ring; between these and the right atrioventricular ring is a triangular mass of fibrous tissue, the trigonum fibrosum, which represents the os cordis seen in the heart of some of the larger animals, as the ox and elephant. Lastly, there is the tendinous band, already referred to, the posterior surface of the conus arteriosus. The fibrous rings surrounding the arterial orifices serve for the attachment of the great vessels and semilunar valves, they are known as The aortic annulus. Each ring receives, by its ventricular margin, the attachment of some of the muscular fibers of the ventricles; its opposite margin presents three deep semicircular notches, to which the middle coat of the artery is firmly fixed. The attachment of the artery to its fibrous ring is strengthened by the external coat and serous membrane externally, and by the endocardium internally. From the margins of the semicircular notches the fibrous structure of the ring is continued into the segments of the valves. The middle coat of the artery in this situation is thin, and the vessel is dilated to form the sinuses of the aorta and pulmonary artery. UBERON:0006008 annulus fibrosus cordis anulus fibrosus cordis anulus fibrosus of heart aortic annulus coronary tendon fibrous ring of heart uberon The right and left fibrous rings of heart (anulus fibrosus cordis) surround the atrioventricular and arterial orifices, and are stronger upon the left than on the right side of the heart. The right fibrous ring is known as the anulus fibrosus dexter cordis, and the left is known as the anulus fibrosus sinister cordis. The atrioventricular rings serve for the attachment of the muscular fibers of the atria and ventricles, and for the attachment of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. The left atrioventricular ring is closely connected, by its right margin, with the aortic arterial ring; between these and the right atrioventricular ring is a triangular mass of fibrous tissue, the trigonum fibrosum, which represents the os cordis seen in the heart of some of the larger animals, as the ox and elephant. Lastly, there is the tendinous band, already referred to, the posterior surface of the conus arteriosus. The fibrous rings surrounding the arterial orifices serve for the attachment of the great vessels and semilunar valves, they are known as The aortic annulus. Each ring receives, by its ventricular margin, the attachment of some of the muscular fibers of the ventricles; its opposite margin presents three deep semicircular notches, to which the middle coat of the artery is firmly fixed. The attachment of the artery to its fibrous ring is strengthened by the external coat and serous membrane externally, and by the endocardium internally. From the margins of the semicircular notches the fibrous structure of the ring is continued into the segments of the valves. The middle coat of the artery in this situation is thin, and the vessel is dilated to form the sinuses of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart FMA:9497 anulus fibrosus of heart Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart annulus fibrosus cordis BTO:0003628 Lower's ring BTO:0003628 coronary tendon Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart aortic annulus Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart anulus fibrosus cordis Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart fibrous ring of heart cusp of cardiac valve FMA:7232 Organ component which has as its parts the cusp proper, lunule and nodule of semilunar valvule[FMA]. The cusps of the heart valves serve to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, "bicuspid valve"). "Nodules" are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP]. SCTID:30822008 UBERON:0006009 cardiac valve cusp cardiac valvular cusp cardiac valvule cardial valve cusp ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Valve_Cusp semilunar valvule uberon FMA:7232 cardiac valvule FMA:7232 cardiac valve cusp FMA:7232 semilunar valvule FMA:7232 Organ component which has as its parts the cusp proper, lunule and nodule of semilunar valvule[FMA]. The cusps of the heart valves serve to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, "bicuspid valve"). "Nodules" are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP]. Wikipedia:Cusps_of_heart_valves FMA:7232 cardiac valvular cusp hyaloid canal FMA:58837 Hyaloid canal is a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optical nerve disc to the lens; in foetus it contains a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery. Other names: Cloquet's canal, Stilling's canal. The function of the canal is to provide an adjustable reservoir of mobile liquid which may be easily and rapidly displaced backwards in positive accommodation, forwards in negative accommodation[WP]. a passage running from in front of the optic disk to the lens of the eye; in the fetus, it transmits the hyaloid artery[TFD]. SCTID:362506002 UBERON:0006010 canal of cloquet cloquet's canal in FMA, this is_a FMA:67388 portion of vitreous humor stilling's canal uberon Hyaloid canal is a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optical nerve disc to the lens; in foetus it contains a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery. Other names: Cloquet's canal, Stilling's canal. The function of the canal is to provide an adjustable reservoir of mobile liquid which may be easily and rapidly displaced backwards in positive accommodation, forwards in negative accommodation[WP]. a passage running from in front of the optic disk to the lens of the eye; in the fetus, it transmits the hyaloid artery[TFD]. Wikipedia:Hyaloid_canal http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hyaloid+canal FMA:58837 stilling's canal FMA:58837 cloquet's canal FMA:58837 canal of cloquet hyaloid vein TAO:0005047 UBERON:0006011 Vein internal to the eye. XAO:0004156 ZFA:0005047 hyaloid veins uberon Vein internal to the eye. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-010205-5 ZFA:0005047 hyaloid veins interdigital region 2 BTO:0004670 UBERON:0006012 interdigit interdigit region uberon hand interdigital region 2 MA:0000627 UBERON:0006013 VHOG:0000991 hand interdigit region uberon MA:0000627 hand interdigit region foot interdigital region 2 MA:0000651 UBERON:0006014 VHOG:0000992 foot interdigit region uberon MA:0000651 foot interdigit region webbed interdigital region Interdigital webbing is the presence of membranes of skin between the digits. Normally in mammals, webbing is present in the embryo but resorbed later in development, but in various mammal species it occasionally persists in adulthood.[1] In humans, it can be found in those suffering from LEOPARD syndrome and from Aarskog-Scott syndrome. Webbing between the digits of the hindfoot is also present in several mammals that spend part of their time in the water.[3] Webbing accommodates movement in the water[WP]. UBERON:0006015 interdigital webbing syndactylous interdigital region uberon web Interdigital webbing is the presence of membranes of skin between the digits. Normally in mammals, webbing is present in the embryo but resorbed later in development, but in various mammal species it occasionally persists in adulthood.[1] In humans, it can be found in those suffering from LEOPARD syndrome and from Aarskog-Scott syndrome. Webbing between the digits of the hindfoot is also present in several mammals that spend part of their time in the water.[3] Webbing accommodates movement in the water[WP]. Wikipedia:Interdigital_webbing interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 UBERON:0006016 uberon interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 UBERON:0006019 uberon interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 UBERON:0006022 uberon interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 UBERON:0006025 uberon interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2 EHDAA2:0000844 EHDAA:6298 EMAPA:17445 UBERON:0006026 uberon interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3 EHDAA2:0000847 EHDAA:6304 EMAPA:17448 UBERON:0006029 uberon interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4 EHDAA2:0000850 EHDAA:6310 EMAPA:17451 UBERON:0006032 uberon interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5 EHDAA2:0000853 EHDAA:6316 EMAPA:17454 UBERON:0006035 uberon interdigital region between toes 1 and 2 EHDAA2:0000856 EHDAA:6148 EMAPA:17476 UBERON:0006038 uberon interdigital region between toes 2 and 3 EHDAA2:0000859 EHDAA:6154 EMAPA:17479 UBERON:0006041 uberon interdigital region between toes 3 and 4 EHDAA2:0000862 EHDAA:6160 EMAPA:17482 UBERON:0006044 uberon interdigital region between toes 4 and 5 EHDAA2:0000865 EHDAA:6166 EMAPA:17485 UBERON:0006047 uberon digit 1 1 UBERON:0006048 uberon digit 2 2 UBERON:0006049 uberon digit 3 3 UBERON:0006050 uberon digit 4 4 UBERON:0006051 uberon digit 5 5 UBERON:0006052 uberon surface of occiput FMA:46479 The occiput is the anatomical term for the posterior (back) portion of the head. UBERON:0006054 galen:Occiput occiput occiput cranii occiput surface regio occipitalis (capitis) uberon FMA:46479 regio occipitalis (capitis) FMA:46479 occiput surface Wikipedia:Occiput occiput cranii The occiput is the anatomical term for the posterior (back) portion of the head. Wikipedia:Occiput FMA:46479 occiput posterior surface of head UBERON:0006056 uberon multi-segment region UBERON:0006057 true uberon multi-limb segment region A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). UBERON:0006058 uberon A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). UBERON:cjm falx cerebri EMAPA:18551 FMA:83967 SCTID:279275004 The falx cerebri, also known as the cerebral falx, so named from its sickle-like form, is a strong, arched fold of dura mater which descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres. It is narrow in front, where it is attached to the crista galli of the ethmoid; and broad behind, where it is connected with the upper surface of the tentorium cerebelli. Its upper margin is convex, and attached to the inner surface of the skull in the middle line, as far back as the internal occipital protuberance; it contains the superior sagittal sinus. Its lower margin is free and concave, and contains the inferior sagittal sinus. The falx cerebri is known to calcify with age. UBERON:0006059 cerebral falx ncithesaurus:Falx_Cerebri uberon FMA:83967 cerebral falx The falx cerebri, also known as the cerebral falx, so named from its sickle-like form, is a strong, arched fold of dura mater which descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres. It is narrow in front, where it is attached to the crista galli of the ethmoid; and broad behind, where it is connected with the upper surface of the tentorium cerebelli. Its upper margin is convex, and attached to the inner surface of the skull in the middle line, as far back as the internal occipital protuberance; it contains the superior sagittal sinus. Its lower margin is free and concave, and contains the inferior sagittal sinus. The falx cerebri is known to calcify with age. Wikipedia:Falx_cerebri definitional conotruncus EMAPA:16221 EMAPA:16338 The distal portion of Bulbus cordis that forms an outflow channel and gives rise to the proximal conus cordis. UBERON:0006060 rostral half of bulbus cordis uberon The distal portion of Bulbus cordis that forms an outflow channel and gives rise to the proximal conus cordis. UBERON:gg EMAPA:16221 rostral half of bulbus cordis process of vertebra FMA:24530 UBERON:0006061 todo review w.r.t cartilage vs bone uberon vertebral process FMA:24530 vertebral process articular process of vertebra AAO:0000710 FMA:11952 Paired processes at the cephalic and caudal ends of the neural arch. They function as interlocking structures between adjacent vertebrae, and limit dorsoventral flexion and lateral movement of the column in the trunk region[AAO]. The articular processes or zygapophyses of a vertebra, in human anatomy contain two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae. These stick out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. The superior processes project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward. The inferior processes project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward. The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage. SCTID:317570004 TAO:0001549 UBERON:0006062 ZFA:0001603 articular process p. articularis inferior vertebrae, p. articularis superior vertebrae, processus articularis (zygapophysis) todo - class as endochondral bone, check species uberon zygapophysis FMA:11952 processus articularis (zygapophysis) Wikipedia:Articular_processes articular process AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008 Paired processes at the cephalic and caudal ends of the neural arch. They function as interlocking structures between adjacent vertebrae, and limit dorsoventral flexion and lateral movement of the column in the trunk region[AAO]. The articular processes or zygapophyses of a vertebra, in human anatomy contain two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae. These stick out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. The superior processes project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward. The inferior processes project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward. The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage. Wikipedia:Articular_processes Wikipedia:Articular_processes zygapophysis Wikipedia:Articular_processes p. articularis inferior vertebrae, p. articularis superior vertebrae, cartilaginous neural arch BTO:0001763 One of the cartilaginous structures surrounding the embryonic spinal cord, formed by the dorsal growth of the dorsolateral arcualia; it is the primordium of the vertebral arch. UBERON:0006063 uberon BTO:0001763 One of the cartilaginous structures surrounding the embryonic spinal cord, formed by the dorsal growth of the dorsolateral arcualia; it is the primordium of the vertebral arch. hemal arch AAO:0000726 Bony canal attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum that encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. The arch consists of right and left halves, which are fused ventrally to give a V- or Y-shape to the ventral aspect of the vertebra[AAO]. Hemal arches extend ventrally from the centra of caudal and transitional vertebrae to enclose the caudal artery and vein. In cyprinids, the hemal arch forms directly in membrane bone[ZFA]. TAO:0000519 Taxon notes: fish, most reptiles, some birds, and some mammals with long tails.[WP] UBERON:0006065 ZFA:0000519 haemal arch uberon ventral arch ventral arcocentrum AAO:0000726 ZFA:0000519 haemal arch ZFA:0000519 ventral arcocentrum AAO:0000726 ventral arch AAO:0000726 Bony canal attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum that encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. The arch consists of right and left halves, which are fused ventrally to give a V- or Y-shape to the ventral aspect of the vertebra[AAO]. Hemal arches extend ventrally from the centra of caudal and transitional vertebrae to enclose the caudal artery and vein. In cyprinids, the hemal arch forms directly in membrane bone[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Haemal_arch ZFIN:curator musculature of hindlimb zeugopod FMA:50211 UBERON:0006067 leg musculature muscle group of leg set of muscles of leg uberon FMA:50211 leg musculature FMA:50211 muscle group of leg FMA:50211 set of muscles of leg bone of tail MA:0000696 UBERON:0006068 tail bone uberon MA:0000696 tail bone coccygeal vertebra FMA:12527 MA:0001420 OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:361774004 UBERON:0006070 caudal vertebra coccygea coccygeal segment fused tail vertebra galen:CoccygealVertebra ncithesaurus:Coccygeal_Vertebra todo - check why this is in MA as a separate class uberon FMA:12527 caudal vertebra MA:0001420 coccygea UBERON:cjm fused tail vertebra caudal region UBERON:0006071 XAO:0000087 merge with tail? postsacral region tail region uberon AAO:0000082 postsacral region AAO:0000082 tail region cervical region of vertebral column AAO:0000092 BTO:0004148 EHDAA2:0000238 EHDAA:5051 EMAPA:17215 FMA:24138 SCTID:260488005 That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. UBERON:0006072 cervical skeleton cervical spinal column cervical spine cervical vertebral column ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spine uberon EHDAA2:0000238 cervical skeleton FMA:24138 cervical vertebral column FMA:24138 cervical spinal column FMA:24138 cervical spine Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. thoracic region of vertebral column AAO:0000612 BTO:0004150 EHDAA2:0002013 EHDAA:5063 EMAPA:17396 FMA:9140 SCTID:243931006 That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. UBERON:0006073 columna vertebralis thoracicus ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spine thoracic skeleton thoracic spine thoracic vertebral column uberon FMA:9140 thoracic vertebral column EHDAA2:0002013 thoracic skeleton Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. FMA:9140 thoracic spine FMA:9140 columna vertebralis thoracicus lumbar region of vertebral column BTO:0004147 EHDAA2:0001037 EHDAA:5055 EMAPA:17393 FMA:16203 GAID:31 SCTID:243932004 That portion of the spine comprising the lumbar vertebrae. UBERON:0006074 lumbar skeleton lumbar spine lumbar vertebral column ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Spine uberon FMA:16203 lumbar vertebral column EHDAA2:0001037 lumbar skeleton Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ That portion of the spine comprising the lumbar vertebrae. BTO:0004147 lumbar spine sacral region of vertebral column AAO:0000724 EHDAA2:0001772 EHDAA:5059 EMAPA:17676 GAID:32 UBERON:0006075 sacral skeleton uberon EHDAA2:0001772 sacral skeleton caudal region of vertebral column AAO:0000082 Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches. UBERON:0006076 caudal region postsacral region tail region uberon AAO:0000082 caudal region AAO:0000082 tail region AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches. AAO:0000082 postsacral region subdivision of vertebral column A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. FMA:16201 UBERON:0006077 subdivision of vertebral skeleton uberon vertebral column subdivision FMA UBERON:cjm subdivision of vertebral skeleton FMA:16201 vertebral column subdivision A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. UBERON:cjm FMA subdivision of spinal cord lateral column UBERON:0006078 uberon subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column FMA:258190 UBERON:0006079 segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord uberon FMA:258190 segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord segment of white matter of spinal cord FMA:258174 UBERON:0006080 uberon fundus of gallbladder FMA:14536 SCTID:245391004 The fundus of gallbladder is the portion of the gallbladder which lies the farthest from the cystic duct. It is covered with peritoneum. A traditional cholecystectomy is most commonly performed from the infundibulum to the fundus. It's at the same level as the transpyloric plane. UBERON:0006081 fundus of the gallbladder fundus vesicae biliaris gallbladder fundus gallbladder fundus ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Fundus uberon Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder fundus of the gallbladder Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder gallbladder fundus Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder fundus vesicae biliaris The fundus of gallbladder is the portion of the gallbladder which lies the farthest from the cystic duct. It is covered with peritoneum. A traditional cholecystectomy is most commonly performed from the infundibulum to the fundus. It's at the same level as the transpyloric plane. Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder FMA:14536 gallbladder fundus fundus of urinary bladder EHDAA2:0000582 EHDAA:9330 EMAPA:18322 FMA:15908 MA:0001694 SCTID:362226002 The fundus of the urinary bladder is the base of the bladder, formed by the posterior wall. It is lymphatically drained by the external iliac lymph nodes. The peritoneum lies superior to the fundus[WP]. UBERON:0006082 VHOG:0001184 base of urinary bladder fundus of bladder fundus vesicae ncithesaurus:Bladder_Fundus uberon urinary bladder fundus urinary bladder fundus region The fundus of the urinary bladder is the base of the bladder, formed by the posterior wall. It is lymphatically drained by the external iliac lymph nodes. The peritoneum lies superior to the fundus[WP]. Wikipedia:Fundus_of_the_urinary_bladder#Fundus MA:0001694 urinary bladder fundus region FMA:15908 urinary bladder fundus FMA:15908 FMA:TA fundus vesicae FMA:15908 base of urinary bladder FMA:15908 fundus of bladder Perirhinal cortex ABA:PERI BM:Tel-Cx-PRh BTO:0004355 EFO:0001978 MA:0000912 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005006 Perirhinal area UBERON:0006083 perirhinal cortex uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005006 Perirhinal area NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005006 perirhinal cortex stria medullaris . BM:Die-SM FMA:62080 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 SCTID:362368004 UBERON:0006086 stria habenularis stria medullaris (wenzel - wenzel) stria medullaris of thalamus stria medullaris thalami stria medullaris thalamica uberon . NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 stria medullaris (wenzel - wenzel) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 stria habenularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 stria medullaris thalamica NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 stria medullaris thalami FMA:62080 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 stria medullaris of thalamus internal arcuate fiber bundle FMA:72629 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1091 UBERON:0006087 arcuate fibers medial lemniscus fibrae arcuatae internae internal arcuate fibers internal arcuate fibres internal arcuate tract uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1091 internal arcuate fibers FMA:72629 internal arcuate fibers FMA:72629 FMA:TA fibrae arcuatae internae NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1091 arcuate fibers medial lemniscus FMA:72629 internal arcuate fibres FMA:72629 internal arcuate tract inferior parietal cortex Component of the parietal lobe. The inferior parietal cortex label includes the inferior parietal gyrus and the angular gyrus and lies inferior to the superior parietal gyrus. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the supramarginal gyrus and the parieto-occipital incisure respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the superior parietal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). EFO:0001951 FMA:77536 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194 SCTID:362336007 UBERON:0006088 inferior parietal cortex inferior parietal lobule uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194 inferior parietal lobule Component of the parietal lobe. The inferior parietal cortex label includes the inferior parietal gyrus and the angular gyrus and lies inferior to the superior parietal gyrus. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the supramarginal gyrus and the parieto-occipital incisure respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the superior parietal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194 inferior parietal cortex FMA:77536 inferior parietal lobule dorsal external arcuate fiber bundle FMA:72630 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250 UBERON:0006089 dorsal external arcuate fiber bundle dorsal external arcuate fibers dorsal external arcuate tract dorsal superficial arcuate fibers external arcuate fibers uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250 external arcuate fibers FMA:72630 dorsal external arcuate fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250 dorsal external arcuate fiber bundle NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250 dorsal superficial arcuate fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250 dorsal external arcuate fibers FMA:72630 dorsal superficial arcuate fibers FMA:72630 dorsal external arcuate tract glossopharyngeal nerve fiber bundle FMA:72627 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274 UBERON:0006090 central part of glossopharyngeal nerve glossopharyngeal nerve fiber bundle glossopharyngeal nerve fibers glossopharyngeal nerve tract ninth cranial nerve fibers uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274 glossopharyngeal nerve fiber bundle NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274 ninth cranial nerve fibers FMA:72627 glossopharyngeal nerve fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274 central part of glossopharyngeal nerve NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274 glossopharyngeal nerve fibers FMA:72627 ninth cranial nerve fibers FMA:72627 glossopharyngeal nerve tract FMA:72627 central part of glossopharyngeal nerve inferior horn of the lateral ventricle FMA:83701 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292 SCTID:362315005 The part of the lateral ventricle extending downward and anteriorly in the temporal lobe. UBERON:0006091 cornu inferius ventriculi lateralis inferior horn of lateral ventricle inferior horn of the lateral ventricle temporal horn of lateral ventricle uberon FMA:83701 FMA:TA cornu inferius ventriculi lateralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292 inferior horn of the lateral ventricle NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292 The part of the lateral ventricle extending downward and anteriorly in the temporal lobe. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292 temporal horn of lateral ventricle FMA:83701 inferior horn of lateral ventricle cuneus cortex Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary was the first coronal slice above the calcarine sulcus where the cuneus cortex becomes visible whereas the caudal boundary was the last slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial boundary was the most medial portion of the occipital and parietal cortices. The superio-lateral boundary was the parieto-occipital fissure whereas the inferolateral boundary was the pericalcarine cortex (Christine Fennema-Notestine). FMA:61903 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 SCTID:279199007 UBERON:0006092 cuneate lobule cuneus cuneus cortex cuneus gyrus cuneus of hemisphere uberon FMA:61903 cuneus of hemisphere NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 cuneus cortex Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary was the first coronal slice above the calcarine sulcus where the cuneus cortex becomes visible whereas the caudal boundary was the last slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial boundary was the most medial portion of the occipital and parietal cortices. The superio-lateral boundary was the parieto-occipital fissure whereas the inferolateral boundary was the pericalcarine cortex (Christine Fennema-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 cuneate lobule NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 cuneus gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 cuneus of hemisphere FMA:61903 cuneate lobule FMA:61903 cuneus gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 cuneus precuneus cortex Component of the pareital lobe. The rostral boundary was the posterior extent of the paracentral lobule whereas the caudal boundary was the lingual gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were the parieto-occipital fissure and the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). FMA:61900 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446 SCTID:279200005 UBERON:0006093 precuneate lobule precuneus precuneus cortex quadrate lobule uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446 precuneus cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446 precuneate lobule FMA:61900 quadrate lobule Component of the pareital lobe. The rostral boundary was the posterior extent of the paracentral lobule whereas the caudal boundary was the lingual gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were the parieto-occipital fissure and the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446 precuneus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446 quadrate lobule FMA:61900 precuneate lobule superior parietal cortex Copmonent of the parietal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the superior parietal cortex were the precentral gyrus and lateral occipital cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the precuneus and/or cuneus cortex and the infererior parietal cortex respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). FMA:61899 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450 SCTID:279168006 UBERON:0006094 superior parietal cortex superior parietal gyrus superior parietal lobule superior portion of parietal gyrus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450 superior parietal gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450 superior parietal lobule NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450 superior parietal cortex FMA:61899 superior parietal gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450 superior portion of parietal gyrus FMA:61899 superior portion of parietal gyrus Copmonent of the parietal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the superior parietal cortex were the precentral gyrus and lateral occipital cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the precuneus and/or cuneus cortex and the infererior parietal cortex respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450 anterior transverse termporal area 41 Brodmann's area 41 FMA:68638 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582 UBERON:0006095 anterior transverse temporal area 41 anterior transverse termporal area 41 area 41 of Brodmann brodmann area 41 principle auditory receptive areas uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582 anterior transverse termporal area 41 FMA:68638 brodmann area 41 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582 principle auditory receptive areas FMA:68638 anterior transverse temporal area 41 FMA:68638 area 41 of Brodmann Brodmann's area 41 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582 area 41 of Brodmann posterior transverse termporal area 42 Brodmann's area 42 FMA:68639 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589 UBERON:0006096 area 42 of Brodmann auditory association area brodmann area 42 posterior transverse temporal area 42 posterior transverse termporal area 42 uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589 area 42 of Brodmann FMA:68639 posterior transverse temporal area 42 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589 auditory association area NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589 posterior transverse termporal area 42 FMA:68639 brodmann area 42 FMA:68639 area 42 of Brodmann Brodmann's area 42 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589 ventral external arcuate fiber bundle FMA:72631 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1628 UBERON:0006097 uberon ventral external arcuate fiber bundle ventral external arcuate fibers ventral external arcuate tract FMA:72631 ventral external arcuate tract FMA:72631 ventral external arcuate fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1628 ventral external arcuate fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1628 ventral external arcuate fiber bundle basal nuclear complex EV:0100182 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629 The deep nuclei found in the basal forebrain. UBERON:0006098 basal ganglia basal nuclei basal nuclei of the forebrain uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629 The deep nuclei found in the basal forebrain. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629 basal nuclei of the forebrain NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629 basal ganglia NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629 basal nuclei Brodmann (1909) area 1 . Area postcentralis intermedia B09-1 Brodmann (1909) area 1 Brodmann area 1 Brodmann's area 1 FMA:68597 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 UBERON:0006099 area 1 of Brodmann area 1 of Brodmann-1909 intermediate postcentral intermediate postcentral area uberon Area postcentralis intermedia NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 area 1 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 1 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 Brodmann's area 1 FMA:68597 FMA:68597 intermediate postcentral area . NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 FMA:68597 area 1 of Brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 intermediate postcentral B09-1 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 Brodmann (1909) area 1 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 Brodmann (1909) area 3 . Area postcentralis oralis B09-3 Brodmann (1909) area 3 Brodmann area 3 Brodmann's area 3 FMA:68599 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 UBERON:0006100 area 3 of Brodmann area 3 of Brodmann-1909 rostral postcentral rostral postcentral area uberon Brodmann's area 3 FMA:68599 Brodmann area 3 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 B09-3 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 . NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 FMA:68599 rostral postcentral area FMA:68599 area 3 of Brodmann Brodmann (1909) area 3 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 rostral postcentral Area postcentralis oralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 area 3 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 24 . Area cingularis anterior ventralis B09-24 Brodmann (1909) area 24 Brodmann area 24 FMA:68621 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 UBERON:0006101 area 24 of Brodmann area 24 of Brodmann-1909 uberon ventral anterior cingulate FMA:68621 area 24 of Brodmann Brodmann (1909) area 24 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 ventral anterior cingulate B09-24 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 . NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 area 24 of Brodmann-1909 Area cingularis anterior ventralis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 Brodmann area 24 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 Brodmann (1909) area 35 Area perirhinalis B09-35 BTO:0004356 Brodmann (1909) area 35 Brodmann Area 35 Brodmann area 35, perirhinal Brodmann's area 35 Brodmann.35 FMA:68632 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 SCTID:384790006 UBERON:0006102 area 35 of Brodmann area 35 of Brodmann-1909 perirhinal area 35 uberon B09-35 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 Brodmann.35 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 FMA:68632 perirhinal area 35 Brodmann area 35, perirhinal NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 Brodmann Area 35 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 Brodmann (1909) area 35 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 Area perirhinalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 FMA:68632 area 35 of Brodmann Brodmann's area 35 FMA:68632 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 area 35 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 36 Area ectorhinalis B09-36 BTO:0004357 Brodmann (1909) area 36 Brodmann area 36 Brodmann.36 FMA:68633 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 UBERON:0006104 area 36 of Brodmann area 36 of Brodmann-1909 ectorhinal ectorhinal area 36 uberon Brodmann.36 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 Brodmann (1909) area 36 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 FMA:68633 area 36 of Brodmann B09-36 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 ectorhinal Area ectorhinalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 Brodmann area 36 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 FMA:68633 ectorhinal area 36 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 area 36 of Brodmann-1909 basis modioli UBERON:0006105 basis modioli cochleae true uberon FMA:75640 FMA:TA basis modioli cochleae cochlear canal FMA:75371 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553 SCTID:279779009 UBERON:0006106 cochlear canal spiral canal of cochlea uberon wall of cochlea NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553 spiral canal of cochlea NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553 cochlear canal FMA:75371 wall of cochlea basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex BL Basolateral nuclear complex FMA:84016 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 UBERON:0006107 amygdalar basolateral nucleus amygdaloid basolateral complex basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex basolateral nuclear group basolateral nuclei of amygdala pars basolateralis (Corpus amygdaloideum) uberon vicarious cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 basolateral nuclear group FMA:84016 basolateral nuclei of amygdala NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 vicarious cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 pars basolateralis (Corpus amygdaloideum) FMA:84016 vicarious cortex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex Basolateral nuclear complex NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 BL NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 amygdalar basolateral nucleus FMA:84016 basolateral nuclear group NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 amygdaloid basolateral complex FMA:84016 amygdaloid basolateral complex corticomedial nuclear complex CMA FMA:84015 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680 UBERON:0006108 amygdalar corticomedial nucleus corticomedial nuclear complex corticomedial nuclear group corticomedial nuclei of amygdala pars corticomedialis (Corpus amygdaloideum) uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680 corticomedial nuclear complex FMA:84015 corticomedial nuclei of amygdala NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680 amygdalar corticomedial nucleus FMA:84015 corticomedial nuclear group CMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680 pars corticomedialis (Corpus amygdaloideum) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680 corticomedial nuclear group lateral occipital cortex Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the lateral occipital cortex were the superior parietal gyrus and as the last visible portion of occipital cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the cuneus/pericalcarine cortex and the inferior temporal/inferior parietal gyri respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). FMA:61902 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735 SCTID:369218006 UBERON:0006114 gyrus occipitalis medius (mai) gyrus occipitalis secundus lateral occipital cortex lateral occipital gyrus uberon FMA:61902 gyrus occipitalis secundus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735 lateral occipital gyrus Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the lateral occipital cortex were the superior parietal gyrus and as the last visible portion of occipital cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the cuneus/pericalcarine cortex and the inferior temporal/inferior parietal gyri respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735 FMA:61902 gyrus occipitalis medius (mai) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735 lateral occipital cortex posterior column of fornix FMA:61969 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754 SCTID:369116002 UBERON:0006115 crus fornicis crus of fornix posterior column of fornix posterior column of fornix of forebrain posterior crus of fornix posterior pillar of fornix uberon FMA:61969 posterior column of fornix of forebrain NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754 posterior column of fornix FMA:61969 posterior pillar of fornix NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754 crus of fornix NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754 posterior pillar of fornix FMA:61969 posterior crus of fornix FMA:61969 crus of fornix NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754 posterior crus of fornix FMA:61969 FMA:TA crus fornicis vagal nerve fiber bundle FMA:72628 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765 UBERON:0006116 central part of vagus nerve tenth cranial nerve fibers uberon vagal nerve fiber bundle vagal nerve fibers vagal nerve tract NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765 central part of vagus nerve FMA:72628 vagal nerve fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765 vagal nerve fiber bundle FMA:72628 tenth cranial nerve fibers FMA:72628 central part of vagus nerve NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765 tenth cranial nerve fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765 vagal nerve fibers FMA:72628 vagal nerve tract accessory nerve fiber bundle FMA:72626 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_916 UBERON:0006117 accessory nerve fiber bundle accessory nerve fibers accessory nerve tract eleventh cranial nerve fibers uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_916 accessory nerve fiber bundle FMA:72626 accessory nerve tract FMA:72626 accessory nerve fibers FMA:72626 eleventh cranial nerve fibers NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_916 accessory nerve fibers lamina I of gray matter of spinal cord FMA:68862 Lamina marginalis Layer of Waldeyer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 Rexed lamina I Rexed layer 1 Spinal lamina I UBERON:0006118 lamina i of gray matter of spinal cord lamina marginalis lamina spinalis i layer of waldeyer rexed lamina i spinal lamina i uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 lamina i of gray matter of spinal cord NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 Rexed lamina I FMA:68862 layer of waldeyer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 Rexed layer 1 Layer of Waldeyer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 FMA:68862 rexed lamina i NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 Spinal lamina I FMA:68862 FMA:TA lamina spinalis i FMA:68862 lamina marginalis Lamina marginalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 FMA:68862 spinal lamina i subbrachial nucleus FMA:77494 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005003 UBERON:0006119 subbrachial nucleus tegmental area of tsai uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005003 subbrachial nucleus FMA:77494 tegmental area of tsai superior colliculus superficial gray layer ABA:SCsg FMA:72407 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005034 UBERON:0006120 lamina II of superior colliculus lamina colliculi superioris ii layer II of superior colliculus outer gray layer of superior colliculus stratum griseum superficiale colliculi superioris stratum griseum superficiale of superior colliculus superficial gray layer of superior colliculus superficial grey layer of superior colliculus superior colliculus superficial gray layer uberon FMA:72407 FMA:TA lamina colliculi superioris ii NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005034 superior colliculus superficial gray layer Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit stratum griseum superficiale of superior colliculus FMA:72407 FMA:TA stratum griseum superficiale colliculi superioris FMA:72407 superficial gray layer of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit lamina II of superior colliculus FMA:72407 superficial grey layer of superior colliculus FMA:72407 layer II of superior colliculus FMA:72407 outer gray layer of superior colliculus hemispheric lobule VIII Biventer 1 (HVIII) Biventral Lobule FMA:72526 Lobulus Biventer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211 Paraflocculus Dorsalis UBERON:0006121 biventer lobule biventral lobule biventral lobule [h viii] cuneiform lobe dorsal parafloccularis [h viii b] dorsal paraflocculus hemispheric lobule viii lobulus biventer [h viii] lobulus parafloccularis dorsalis [h viii b] uberon FMA:72526 FMA:TA lobulus parafloccularis dorsalis [h viii b] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211 hemispheric lobule viii Biventer 1 (HVIII) NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211 Biventral Lobule NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211 FMA:72526 FMA:TA lobulus biventer [h viii] Lobulus Biventer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211 FMA:72526 biventral lobule [h viii] FMA:72526 biventer lobule FMA:72526 biventral lobule FMA:72526 dorsal paraflocculus FMA:72526 dorsal parafloccularis [h viii b] NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211 Paraflocculus Dorsalis FMA:72526 cuneiform lobe retrorubral area A8 FMA:66581 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090301 UBERON:0006122 a8 anterior basal segmental arterial trunk retrorubral area trunk of anterior basal segmental artery uberon FMA:66581 anterior basal segmental arterial trunk FMA:66581 a8 FMA:66581 trunk of anterior basal segmental artery A8 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090301 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090301 retrorubral area horizontal limb of the diagonal band Diagonal band horizontal limb FMA:77611 Horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303 UBERON:0006123 hDBB horizontal limb of diagonal band horizontal limb of the diagonal band uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303 horizontal limb of the diagonal band Diagonal band horizontal limb NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303 Horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303 FMA:77611 horizontal limb of diagonal band NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303 hDBB vertical limb of the diagonal band FMA:77612 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090304 UBERON:0006124 Vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca uberon vertical limb of diagonal band vertical limb of the diagonal band NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090304 Vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca FMA:77612 vertical limb of diagonal band NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090304 vertical limb of the diagonal band subdivision of diagonal band FMA:77610 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090302 UBERON:0006125 diagonal band subdivision regional part of diagonal band uberon FMA:77610 diagonal band subdivision NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090302 regional part of diagonal band funiculus of spinal cord FMA:77460 UBERON:0006127 spinal cord funiculus uberon white column of spinal cord FMA:77460 spinal cord funiculus FMA:77460 white column of spinal cord funiculus of neuraxis FMA:76738 The cerebrospinal nerves consist of numerous nerve fibers collected together and enclosed in membranous sheaths. A small bundle of fibers, enclosed in a tubular sheath, is called a funiculus; if the nerve is of small size, it may consist only of a single funiculus; but if large, the funiculi are collected together into larger bundles or fasciculi, which are bound together in a common membranous investment. Examples include: Anterior funiculus of the spinal cord Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord Posterior funiculus of the spinal cord Funiculus solitarius of the medulla Funiculus separans UBERON:0006133 uberon The cerebrospinal nerves consist of numerous nerve fibers collected together and enclosed in membranous sheaths. A small bundle of fibers, enclosed in a tubular sheath, is called a funiculus; if the nerve is of small size, it may consist only of a single funiculus; but if large, the funiculi are collected together into larger bundles or fasciculi, which are bound together in a common membranous investment. Examples include: Anterior funiculus of the spinal cord Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord Posterior funiculus of the spinal cord Funiculus solitarius of the medulla Funiculus separans Wikipedia:Funiculus_%28neurology%29 nerve fiber A threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath (if existence) in the nervous system. There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. A nerve fiber may be myelinated and/or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin by oligodendroglia cells is formed. Schwann cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells also make a thin covering in an axon without myelin (in the PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon, myelin sheath, schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium and schwann cells in the central nervous system FMA:5914 MESH:A.08.663.542 SCTID:88545005 UBERON:0006134 nerve fibre neurofibra neurofibra neurofibrum uberon Wikipedia:Nerve_fiber neurofibra A threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath (if existence) in the nervous system. There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. A nerve fiber may be myelinated and/or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin by oligodendroglia cells is formed. Schwann cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells also make a thin covering in an axon without myelin (in the PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon, myelin sheath, schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium and schwann cells in the central nervous system Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fiber FMA:5914 nerve fibre FMA:5914 FMA:TA neurofibra FMA:5914 neurofibrum myelinated nerve fiber FMA:5915 GAID:745 MESH:A.08.663.542.512 SCTID:362296008 UBERON:0006135 consider adding link to UBERON:0002316 ncithesaurus:Myelinated_Nerve_Fiber uberon unmyelinated nerve fiber FMA:5916 GAID:767 MESH:A.08.663.542.756 SCTID:46920005 UBERON:0006136 ncithesaurus:Unmyelinated_Nerve_Fiber non-myelinated nerve fiber uberon FMA:5916 non-myelinated nerve fiber proper palmar digital artery FMA:70804 MA:0001959 The proper palmar digital arteries travel along the sides of the phalanges (along the contiguous sides of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers), each artery lying just below its corresponding digital nerve. Alternative names for these arteries are: proper volar digital arteries, collateral digital arteries, arteriae digitales palmares propriae, or aa. digitales volares propriae. They anastomose freely in the subcutaneous tissue of the finger tips and by smaller branches near the interphalangeal joints. Each also gives off a couple of dorsal branches which anastomose with the dorsal digital arteries, and supply the soft parts on the back of the second and third phalanges, including the matrix of the fingernail. The proper palmar digital artery for the medial side of the little finger arises directly from the ulnar artery deep to the palmaris brevis muscle, but the rest arise from the common palmar digital arteries. UBERON:0006137 arteriae digitales palmares propriae arteriae digitales palmares propriae proper palmal digital arteries proper palmar digital arteries proper palmar digital arteries set proper volar digital arteries proper volar digital artery the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery uberon MA:0001959 proper palmal digital arteries Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries arteriae digitales palmares propriae FMA:70804 proper palmar digital arteries set Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries proper volar digital arteries Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries proper volar digital artery The proper palmar digital arteries travel along the sides of the phalanges (along the contiguous sides of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers), each artery lying just below its corresponding digital nerve. Alternative names for these arteries are: proper volar digital arteries, collateral digital arteries, arteriae digitales palmares propriae, or aa. digitales volares propriae. They anastomose freely in the subcutaneous tissue of the finger tips and by smaller branches near the interphalangeal joints. Each also gives off a couple of dorsal branches which anastomose with the dorsal digital arteries, and supply the soft parts on the back of the second and third phalanges, including the matrix of the fingernail. The proper palmar digital artery for the medial side of the little finger arises directly from the ulnar artery deep to the palmaris brevis muscle, but the rest arise from the common palmar digital arteries. Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries FMA:70804 FMA:TA arteriae digitales palmares propriae MA:0001959 proper palmar digital arteries plantar digital artery FMA:43971 SCTID:230727008 UBERON:0006138 uberon plantar digital vein FMA:44517 The plantar digital veins arise from plexuses on the plantar surfaces of the digits, and, after sending intercapitular veins to join the dorsal digital veins, unite to form four metatarsal veins. UBERON:0006139 uberon venae digitales plantares Wikipedia:Plantar_digital_veins venae digitales plantares The plantar digital veins arise from plexuses on the plantar surfaces of the digits, and, after sending intercapitular veins to join the dorsal digital veins, unite to form four metatarsal veins. Wikipedia:Plantar_digital_veins palmar digital vein FMA:70895 SCTID:83229009 The palmar digital veins (or volar digital veins) on each finger are connected to the dorsal digital veins by oblique intercapitular veins. Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal. UBERON:0006140 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray574.png/200px-Gray574.png palmar digital veins palmar digital veins set uberon venae digitales palmares venae digitales palmares volar digital veins The palmar digital veins (or volar digital veins) on each finger are connected to the dorsal digital veins by oblique intercapitular veins. Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal. Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins FMA:70895 FMA:TA venae digitales palmares FMA:70895 palmar digital veins set Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins venae digitales palmares FMA:70895 palmar digital veins Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins volar digital veins palmar digital artery UBERON:0006141 uberon common plantar digital vein MA:0002134 UBERON:0006142 common plantar vein uberon MA:0002134 common plantar vein proper plantar digital vein MA:0002138 UBERON:0006143 proper plantar vein uberon MA:0002138 proper plantar vein medial plantar digital vein MA:0002172 UBERON:0006144 medial plantar vein uberon MA:0002172 medial plantar vein dorsal digital artery of foot FMA:44660 SCTID:230173000 The dorsal digital arteries of foot are small arteries which supply the toes. UBERON:0006145 arteriae digitales dorsales pedis uberon The dorsal digital arteries of foot are small arteries which supply the toes. Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries_of_foot Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries_of_foot arteriae digitales dorsales pedis dorsal digital artery of hand Dorsal digital arteries arise from the bifurcation of dorsal metacarpal arteries. They travel along the sides and dorsal aspects of the phalanges of the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger. They communicate with the proper palmar digital arteries. They run with the dorsal digital nerves of ulnar nerve and dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve. SCTID:91793005 UBERON:0006146 arteriae digitales dorsales manus dorsal digital artery uberon Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries dorsal digital artery Dorsal digital arteries arise from the bifurcation of dorsal metacarpal arteries. They travel along the sides and dorsal aspects of the phalanges of the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger. They communicate with the proper palmar digital arteries. They run with the dorsal digital nerves of ulnar nerve and dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve. Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries arteriae digitales dorsales manus dorsal digital artery FMA:70801 UBERON:0006163 arteriae digitales dorsales dorsal digital arteries dorsal digital arteries set uberon FMA:70801 dorsal digital arteries set FMA:70801 dorsal digital arteries FMA:70801 FMA:TA arteriae digitales dorsales forelimb common dorsal digital arteries MA:0001954 UBERON:0006164 uberon median dorsal digital artery for digit 1 MA:0001955 UBERON:0006165 median dorsal digital artery for digit 01 uberon MA:0001955 median dorsal digital artery for digit 01 lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 5 MA:0001956 UBERON:0006166 lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 05 uberon MA:0001956 lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 05 forelimb proper dorsal digital arteries MA:0001958 UBERON:0006167 uberon hindlimb common dorsal digital arteries MA:0001965 UBERON:0006168 uberon hindlimb proper dorsal digital arteries MA:0001967 UBERON:0006169 uberon mesonephric capsule The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. UBERON:0006170 uberon GO:0061285 GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. renal sinus FMA:15611 SCTID:362222000 UBERON:0006171 uberon rectal diverticulum The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior UBERON:0006172 XAO:0001015 uberon GO:0039009 The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior pronephric proximal tubule A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros UBERON:0006173 pronephros proximal tubule uberon A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros GO:0039011 GO:0039011 pronephros proximal tubule pronephric sinus AAO:0011092 The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules UBERON:0006174 XAO:0000385 todo - check relationship to renal sinus, improve definition uberon GO:0039012 The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules pronephric distal tubule A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros UBERON:0006175 uberon A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros GO:0039013 mesonephric glomerular mesangium The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus UBERON:0006182 uberon GO:0061247 The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus mesonephric glomerular capillary . UBERON:0006183 uberon . GO:0061249 mesonephric connecting tubule The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros UBERON:0006189 uberon GO:0061272 The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros mesonephric distal tubule The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule UBERON:0006190 note that ZFA has terms for developing tubule uberon GO:0061273 The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule mesonephric proximal tubule The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule UBERON:0006192 note that ZFA has terms for developing tubule uberon GO:0061275 The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule renal sinus of right kidney FMA:17621 UBERON:0006194 right renal sinus uberon FMA:17621 right renal sinus renal sinus of left kidney FMA:17622 UBERON:0006195 left renal sinus uberon FMA:17622 left renal sinus mesonephric sinus AAO:0011063 UBERON:0006196 XAO:0000381 todo - check relationship to renal sinus, add definition uberon auricular vein UBERON:0006197 ncithesaurus:Auricular_Vein uberon dorsal intercostal artery FMA:76998 MA:0001943 SCTID:198427009 The highest intercostal artery (supreme intercostal artery, superior intercostal artery) is an artery in the human body that usually gives rise to the first and second posterior intercostal arteries, which supply blood to their corresponding intercostal space. It usually arises from the costocervical trunk, which is a branch of the subclavian artery. UBERON:0006198 arteria intercostalis suprema classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms dorsal branch of superior intercostal artery superior intercostal artery supreme intercostal artery uberon Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery arteria intercostalis suprema FMA:76998 Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery superior intercostal artery The highest intercostal artery (supreme intercostal artery, superior intercostal artery) is an artery in the human body that usually gives rise to the first and second posterior intercostal arteries, which supply blood to their corresponding intercostal space. It usually arises from the costocervical trunk, which is a branch of the subclavian artery. Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery dorsal branch of superior intercostal artery http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?dorsal+branch+of+the+superior+intercostal+artery FMA:76998 Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery supreme intercostal artery caudal auricular vein FMA:50851 MA:0002090 SCTID:150188002 The posterior auricular vein begins upon the side of the head, in a plexus which communicates with the tributaries of the occipital vein and superficial temporal veins. It descends behind the auricula, and joins the posterior division of the posterior facial vein to form the external jugular. It receive the stylomastoid vein, and some tributaries from the cranial surface of the auricula. UBERON:0006199 classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms ncithesaurus:Posterior_Auricular_Vein posterior auricular vein uberon v. auricularis posterior The posterior auricular vein begins upon the side of the head, in a plexus which communicates with the tributaries of the occipital vein and superficial temporal veins. It descends behind the auricula, and joins the posterior division of the posterior facial vein to form the external jugular. It receive the stylomastoid vein, and some tributaries from the cranial surface of the auricula. Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_vein FMA:50851 posterior auricular vein FMA/obol FMA/obol Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_vein v. auricularis posterior caudal humeral circumflex vein FMA:71216 MA:0002091 UBERON:0006200 classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms posterior circumflex humeral vein posterior humeral circumflex vein uberon vena circumflexa humeri posterior FMA/obol FMA:71216 FMA:TA vena circumflexa humeri posterior FMA/obol FMA:71216 posterior circumflex humeral vein FMA:71216 posterior humeral circumflex vein dorsal cerebral vein FMA:50978 MA:0002103 SCTID:244393005 UBERON:0006201 classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms superior cerebral vein uberon FMA:50978 superior cerebral vein ventral labial vein FMA:52541 MA:0002260 SCTID:422955002 The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. UBERON:0006202 classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms inferior labial vein uberon venae labiales inferiores The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein FMA/obol FMA:52541 inferior labial vein Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein venae labiales inferiores conchal part of pinna FMA:61006 UBERON:0006203 concha concha auriculae concha of auricle concha of pinna ncithesaurus:Concha uberon FMA:61006 FMA:TA concha auriculae FMA:61006 concha of pinna FMA:61006 concha FMA:61006 concha of auricle inguinal ligament FMA:19855 Poupart's ligament SCTID:361900000 UBERON:0006204 Vesalius' ligament a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone. It is formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and is continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh. fallopian ligament uberon FMA:19855 Poupart's ligament Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone. It is formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and is continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh. FMA:19855 Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament fallopian ligament FMA:19855 Vesalius' ligament pectineal ligament FMA:20188 SCTID:256661003 UBERON:0006205 cooper's ligament (groin) ligamentum pectineale uberon we include a disjointness axiom to avoid confusion that may arise from the synonyms 'ligamentum pectineale' and 'ligamentum pectinum' FMA:20188 cooper's ligament (groin) FMA:20188 ligamentum pectineale iridocorneal angle FMA:58577 SCTID:244498000 UBERON:0006206 acute angle occurring between the iris and the cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye[MP]. anterior chamber angle uberon MP:0004221 acute angle occurring between the iris and the cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye[MP]. FMA:58577 anterior chamber angle aortico-pulmonary spiral septum EHDAA2:0000136 EHDAA:2592 EMAPA:16827 The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. UBERON:0006207 VHOG:0000502 aortic septum aortico-pulmonary septum aorticopulmonary septum septum aorticopulmonale spiral septum uberon EMAPA Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum septum aorticopulmonale Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum aorticopulmonary septum Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum aortico-pulmonary septum Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum aortic septum The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum Wikipedia Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum spiral septum auditory hillocks EHDAA2:0000155 EHDAA:4685 EMAPA:17280 UBERON:0006208 VHOG:0001364 uberon basioccipital cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000164 EHDAA:7141 EMAPA:18337 UBERON:0006209 VHOG:0001124 uberon EHDAA2 body-wall mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000179 EHDAA:3217 EMAPA:16893 UBERON:0006210 uberon buccopharyngeal membrane EHDAA2:0000189 EHDAA:536 EMAPA:16259 SCTID:361412007 The region where the crescentic masses of the ectoderm and endoderm come into direct contact with each other constitutes a thin membrane, the buccopharyngeal membrane (or oropharyngeal membrane), which forms a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx. In front of the buccopharyngeal area, where the lateral crescents of mesoderm fuse in the middle line, the pericardium is afterward developed, and this region is therefore designated the pericardial area. UBERON:0006211 VHOG:0000380 oropharyngeal membrane uberon Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane oropharyngeal membrane EHDAA2 The region where the crescentic masses of the ectoderm and endoderm come into direct contact with each other constitutes a thin membrane, the buccopharyngeal membrane (or oropharyngeal membrane), which forms a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx. In front of the buccopharyngeal area, where the lateral crescents of mesoderm fuse in the middle line, the pericardium is afterward developed, and this region is therefore designated the pericardial area. Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane bulbo-ventricular groove EHDAA2:0000195 EHDAA:766 EMAPA:16693 UBERON:0006212 VHOG:0001405 bulbo-ventricular sulcus ependymal groove ependymal sulcus uberon EMAPA:16693 ependymal sulcus EMAPA:16693 ependymal groove EMAPA:16693 bulbo-ventricular sulcus carpus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000221 EHDAA:8544 EMAPA:18102 UBERON:0006213 VHOG:0001123 uberon carpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000222 EHDAA:6324 EMAPA:17724 UBERON:0006214 VHOG:0000955 uberon rhombic lip EHDAA2:0000229 EMAPA:17074 TAO:0001440 The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain. UBERON:0006215 XAO:0004135 ZFA:0001440 cerebellum primordium dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon uberon EMAPA:17074 cerebellum primordium EMAPA:17074 dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain. ZFIN:curator cervical sinus EHDAA2:0000078 EMAPA:17526 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000239 The mandibular and hyoid arches grow more rapidly than those behind them, with the result that the latter become, to a certain extent, telescoped within the former, and a deep depression, the cervical sinus, is formed on either side of the neck. This sinus is bounded in front by the hyoid arch, and behind by the thoracic wall; it is ultimately obliterated by the fusion of its walls. UBERON:0006216 sinus cervicalis sinus cervicalis uberon Wikipedia:Cervical_sinus sinus cervicalis Wikipedia:Cervical_sinus sinus cervicalis The mandibular and hyoid arches grow more rapidly than those behind them, with the result that the latter become, to a certain extent, telescoped within the former, and a deep depression, the cervical sinus, is formed on either side of the neck. Wikipedia:Cervical_sinus cloacal membrane EHDAA2:0000257 EHDAA:214 EHDAA:2933 EMAPA:16832 SCTID:308826008 The cloacal membrane is the membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca when still in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is formed by ectoderm and endoderm coming into contact with each other. After separation of the cloaca into the urogenital and anal parts, the cloacal membrane, in turn, is separated into a urogenital membrane and an anal membrane. UBERON:0006217 VHOG:0001198 membrana cloacalis ncithesaurus:Cloacal_Membrane uberon The cloacal membrane is the membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca when still in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is formed by ectoderm and endoderm coming into contact with each other. After separation of the cloaca into the urogenital and anal parts, the cloacal membrane, in turn, is separated into a urogenital membrane and an anal membrane. Wikipedia:Cloacal_membrane Wikipedia Wikipedia:Cloacal_membrane membrana cloacalis common atrial chamber EHDAA:1267 EMAPA:16225 EMAPA:16342 EMAPA:16689 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000268 UBERON:0006218 uberon deltoid pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000340 EHDAA:6002 EMAPA:17749 UBERON:0006219 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 diencephalic part of interventricular foramen EHDAA2:0000384 EHDAA:3476 EMAPA:16643 EMAPA:16901 UBERON:0006220 VHOG:0000808 uberon future diencephalon EFO:0003442 EHDAA2:0000600 EHDAA:844 EMAPA:16514 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000386 TAO:0000574 UBERON:0006222 ZFA:0000574 uberon dorsal meso-oesophagus EHDAA:2945 EMAPA:16704 EMAPA:16837 EMAPA:18865 MA:0001570 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000412 UBERON:0006223 uberon elbow joint primordium EHDAA2:0000431 EHDAA:8483 EMAPA:17710 UBERON:0006224 uberon endocardial tissue EMAPA:17868 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000435 UBERON:0006225 consider merging with endocardium uberon endolymphatic appendage EHDAA2:0000437 EMAPA:16994 EMAPA:17283 UBERON:0006226 VHOG:0000373 uberon ethmoid bone primordium EHDAA2:0000456 EHDAA:8363 EMAPA:18023 UBERON:0006227 check UBERON:0007215 uberon EHDAA2 exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000457 EHDAA:8355 EMAPA:18014 UBERON:0006228 VHOG:0000963 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000483 EHDAA:2925 EMAPA:17845 UBERON:0006230 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 facial bones primordia EHDAA2:0000488 EHDAA:9552 EMAPA:18024 UBERON:0006231 uberon facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex EHDAA:1477 EMAPA:16660 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000496 UBERON:0006232 VHOG:0000715 uberon EHDAA2 female genital tubercle EHDAA:8118 EMAPA:18680 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000500 UBERON:0006233 VHOG:0000666 uberon femur pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000508 EMAPA:17502 UBERON:0006234 VHOG:0000951 uberon foregut-midgut junction EHDAA2:0000569 EHDAA:526 EMAPA:16363 UBERON:0006235 VHOG:0000291 uberon frontal bone primordium EHDAA2:0000577 EHDAA:9540 EMAPA:18017 UBERON:0006236 uberon future brain EFO:0003431 EHDAA:300 EHDAA:830 EMAPA:16089 EMAPA:16471 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 TAO:0000146 UBERON:0006238 Usage notes: this covers a variety of structures across Metazoa ZFA:0000146 presumptive brain uberon ZFA:0000146 presumptive brain future central tendon EHDAA2:0000593 EHDAA:4118 EMAPA:25035 UBERON:0006239 uberon future forebrain EFO:0003423 EHDAA2:0000661 EHDAA:2643 EMAPA:16640 TAO:0000062 TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate) UBERON:0006240 ZFA:0000062 presumptive forebrain prosencephalon uberon ZFA:0000062 presumptive forebrain future spinal cord EFO:0003438 EHDAA2:0000674 EHDAA:898 EMAPA:16092 EMAPA:16525 EMAPA:16755 TAO:0000417 UBERON:0006241 ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord uberon ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord EHDAA2 gall bladder primordium EHDAA2:0000700 EHDAA:3047 EMAPA:16713 EMAPA:16842 UBERON:0006242 XAO:0004205 uberon glossopharyngeal IX preganglion EHDAA:1479 EMAPA:16661 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000713 UBERON:0006243 uberon hip joint primordium EHDAA2:0000785 EHDAA:8462 EMAPA:17739 UBERON:0006244 uberon humerus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000787 EHDAA:6240 EMAPA:17713 UBERON:0006245 VHOG:0001120 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 humerus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000788 EHDAA:4192 EMAPA:17427 UBERON:0006246 VHOG:0000950 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 iliac pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000809 EHDAA:9568 EMAPA:18029 UBERON:0006247 VHOG:0001126 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 incus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000813 EHDAA:9024 EMAPA:17825 UBERON:0006248 VHOG:0000957 uberon EHDAA2-generalized infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle EHDAA2:0000827 EHDAA:4479 EMAPA:16648 EMAPA:16899 Editor note: in FMA this is a cavity, whereas in EHDAA2 it is an epithelial sac FMA:78456 The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess, the infundibular recess, into the infundibulum, and to the apex of the latter the hypophysis or pititary is attached UBERON:0006250 infundibular recess recessus infundibularis recessus infundibuli recessus infundibuli uberon FMA:78456 infundibular recess EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Infundibular_recess recessus infundibuli FMA:TA recessus infundibuli EHDAA2 The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess, the infundibular recess, into the infundibulum, and to the apex of the latter the hypophysis or pititary is attached Wikipedia:Infundibular_recess FMA:TA recessus infundibularis EHDAA2 interparietal bone primordium EHDAA2:0000881 EMAPA:18018 UBERON:0006251 uberon intersubcardinal venous anastomosis EHDAA2:0000883 EHDAA:3452 EMAPA:16828 UBERON:0006252 uberon intraretinal space EHDAA2:0000889 EHDAA:4761 EMAPA:16676 EMAPA:17170 UBERON:0006253 VHOG:0000534 uberon ischial cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000890 EHDAA:9570 EMAPA:26930 UBERON:0006254 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ischial pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000891 EHDAA:7153 EMAPA:18348 UBERON:0006255 VHOG:0000962 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 knee joint primordium EHDAA2:0000897 EHDAA:8467 EMAPA:17740 UBERON:0006256 uberon laryngo-tracheal groove EHDAA2:0004073 EMAPA:16739 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000909 SCTID:361426003 UBERON:0006257 uberon lateral plate mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000919 EHDAA:379 EMAPA:16179 Editors note: todo - merge with LP mesoderm, review mesoderm/mesenchyme terminology UBERON:0006258 uberon Obol Obol lens pit EHDAA2:0000981 EHDAA:3809 EMAPA:16799 UBERON:0006259 VHOG:0000806 a pitlike depression in the ectoderm of the lens placode where the primordial lens is developing[TFD]. ncithesaurus:Lens_Pit uberon a pitlike depression in the ectoderm of the lens placode where the primordial lens is developing[TFD]. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lens+pit lingual swellings EHDAA2:0000996 EMAPA:17186 UBERON:0006260 VHOG:0000449 lingual swelling the collection consisting of the two lateral swellings and the medial swelling uberon EHDAA2:0000996 lingual swelling EHDAA2 EHDAA2 male genital tubercle EHDAA:8138 EMAPA:17969 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001048 UBERON:0006261 VHOG:0000667 uberon malleus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001055 EHDAA:9026 EMAPA:17826 UBERON:0006262 VHOG:0000958 uberon EHDAA2 Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation Development notes: NC contributes in EHDAA2. Todo: use EHDAA2 structure EHDAA2:0001074 EMAPA:17358 UBERON:0006263 VHOG:0001121 uberon EHDAA2 UBERONREF:0000002 mouth-foregut junction EHDAA:534 EMAPA:16258 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001205 UBERON:0006264 VHOG:0000592 uberon mural trophectoderm EHDAA2:0001206 EHDAA:58 EMAPA:16047 Trophectoderm that surrounds blastocyst cavity. UBERON:0006265 VHOG:0000597 uberon PMID:16341078 Trophectoderm that surrounds blastocyst cavity. EMAPA nasolacrimal groove EHDAA2:0001238 EHDAA:4770 EMAPA:16679 On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep groove, the lacrimal groove (or lacrimal sulcus), which is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus of the nose and transmits the nasolacrimal duct. UBERON:0006266 VHOG:0001307 ncithesaurus:Nasolacrimal_Groove s. lacrimalis maxillae uberon Wikipedia:Lacrimal_groove s. lacrimalis maxillae On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep groove, the lacrimal groove (or lacrimal sulcus), which is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus of the nose and transmits the nasolacrimal duct. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_groove notochordal plate EHDAA2:0001278 EHDAA:264 EMAPA:16101 UBERON:0006267 VHOG:0001212 ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Plate uberon notochordal process EHDAA2:0001279 EHDAA:224 EMAPA:16102 UBERON:0006268 VHOG:0001213 ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Process uberon optic foramen EHDAA2:0001312 EHDAA:10646 EMAPA:18716 UBERON:0006269 VHOG:0001408 uberon optic pit EHDAA:944 EMAPA:16325 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001316 UBERON:0006270 VHOG:0001162 uberon orbital fissure EHDAA2:0001328 EHDAA:10648 EMAPA:18717 SCTID:280546005 UBERON:0006271 uberon oronasal cavity EHDAA2:0001331 EHDAA:5882 EMAPA:17200 In humans, the oronasal membrane ruptures during the seventh week, producing a single, large oronasal cavity UBERON:0006272 VHOG:0001352 uberon In humans, the oronasal membrane ruptures during the seventh week, producing a single, large oronasal cavity http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter24/custom3/deluxe-content.html otic pit EHDAA2:0001336 EHDAA:929 EMAPA:16536 UBERON:0006273 VHOG:0001147 ncithesaurus:Otic_Pit uberon parietal bone primordium EHDAA2:0001404 EHDAA:9544 EMAPA:18019 UBERON:0006274 uberon pericardio-peritoneal canal EHDAA2:0001440 EHDAA:636 EMAPA:16282 SCTID:361428002 UBERON:0006275 VHOG:0000564 ncithesaurus:Pericardioperitoneal_Canal uberon perioptic mesenchyme EHDAA:4751 EMAPA:17167 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001444 UBERON:0006276 uberon pleuropericardial canals EHDAA2:0001479 EHDAA:4122 EMAPA:17704 UBERON:0006277 uberon pleuropericardial folds EHDAA2:0001480 EHDAA:4126 EMAPA:17706 UBERON:0006278 uberon pleuroperitoneal canal EHDAA2:0001481 EHDAA:4128 EMAPA:17707 EMAPA:25031 SCTID:361413002 UBERON:0006279 uberon polar trophectoderm EHDAA2:0001484 EHDAA:60 EMAPA:16048 Trophectoderm that surrounds the inner cell mass (ICM). UBERON:0006280 VHOG:0000980 uberon PMID:16341078 Trophectoderm that surrounds the inner cell mass (ICM). EMAPA EHDAA2 pre-hepatic part EHDAA:8701 EMAPA:18422 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001492 UBERON:0006281 uberon primary head vein EHDAA2:0001498 EHDAA:818 EMAPA:16242 UBERON:0006282 uberon primitive ventricle of heart EHDAA2:0001531 EMAPA:16233 EMAPA:16350 SCTID:361524003 UBERON:0006283 primitive ventricle uberon EMAPA EHDAA2:0001531 primitive ventricle prosencephalic vesicle EHDAA2:0001571 EHDAA:1356 EMAPA:16521 UBERON:0006284 VHOG:0000644 todo - all vesicles uberon pubic pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001574 EHDAA:9572 EMAPA:18349 EMAPA:26928 UBERON:0006285 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 radius cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001585 EHDAA:7267 EMAPA:18054 UBERON:0006286 VHOG:0001318 uberon EHDAA2 radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation AO notes: EMAPA has a separate radius-ulna cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0001587 EHDAA:4178 EMAPA:17420 UBERON:0006287 VHOG:0000949 uberon rib cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001716 EHDAA:8347 EMAPA:17678 UBERON:0006288 VHOG:0001122 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 rib pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001717 EHDAA:6026 EMAPA:17397 UBERON:0006289 VHOG:0000681 uberon EHDAA2 scapula cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001777 EHDAA:8368 EMAPA:18343 UBERON:0006290 VHOG:0001125 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 scapula pre-cartilage condensation Development notes: the scapula has been shown to develop from multiple tissues, such as the dermomyotome of the somites, the mesodermal portion of the soma- topleure (a domain of the lateral plate mesoderm or LPM) and neural crest cell-derived mesenchyme (Huang et al., 2000; Matsuoka et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2005).[PMID:21455939] EHDAA2:0001778 EHDAA:6041 EMAPA:18027 UBERON:0006291 VHOG:0000960 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 shoulder joint primordium EHDAA2:0001836 EHDAA:8493 EMAPA:17712 Note that this is part of the forelimb skeleton in EHDAA2, but this violates part-disjointness UBERON:0006292 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 spleen primordium A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium. EHDAA2:0001904 EHDAA:3003 EMAPA:18535 EMAPA:18659 UBERON:0006293 XAO:0000326 left spleen primordium splenic primordium todo - check difference between splenic and spleen in EMAPA uberon XAO:0000326 left spleen primordium EHDAA2:0001904 splenic primordium XAO XAO EHDAA2-modified A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium. ISBN:0123747295 stapes pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001910 EHDAA:5699 EMAPA:17827 UBERON:0006294 VHOG:0000956 independent of the mesenchymal condensation that will form the otic capsule stapedial anlage uberon EHDAA2 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x stapedial anlage EHDAA2 cranial end doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001912 EHDAA:9565 EMAPA:18345 UBERON:0006295 VHOG:0000961 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 subcardinal vein EHDAA2:0001932 EHDAA:2631 EMAPA:16829 SCTID:308830006 UBERON:0006296 VHOG:0001336 ncithesaurus:Subcardinal_Vein uberon sublingual gland primordium EHDAA2:0001935 EHDAA:7989 EMAPA:17752 UBERON:0006297 uberon submandibular gland primordium EHDAA2:0001939 EHDAA:9255 EMAPA:17755 UBERON:0006298 uberon supracardinal vein EHDAA2:0001964 EHDAA:7492 EMAPA:16830 Either of two veins in the mammalian embryo and various adult lower vertebrate forms located in the thoracic and abdominal regions dorsolateral to and on either side of the descending aorta and giving rise to the azygos and hemiazygos veins and a part of the inferior vena cava[MW]. These veins drain the body wall via the segmental intercostal veins, thus taking over the function of the posterior cardinals[ISBN] SCTID:308829001 UBERON:0006300 ncithesaurus:Supracardinal_Vein uberon Either of two veins in the mammalian embryo and various adult lower vertebrate forms located in the thoracic and abdominal regions dorsolateral to and on either side of the descending aorta and giving rise to the azygos and hemiazygos veins and a part of the inferior vena cava[MW]. These veins drain the body wall via the segmental intercostal veins, thus taking over the function of the posterior cardinals[ISBN] ISBN-10:0443065837 http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/supracardinal%20vein telencephalic part of interventricular foramen EHDAA2:0001980 EHDAA:5474 EMAPA:16654 EMAPA:16915 UBERON:0006301 VHOG:0000809 uberon tracheal diverticulum EMAPA:16740 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002072 UBERON:0006303 uberon trigeminal V preganglion EHDAA:924 EMAPA:16663 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002089 UBERON:0006304 uberon tunica vasculosa lentis EHDAA2:0002097 EHDAA:5705 EMAPA:18235 UBERON:0006305 VHOG:0000978 an extensive capillary network, spreading over the posterior and lateral surfaces of the lens of the eye. It disappears shortly after birth. uberon Wikipedia:Tunica_vasculosa_lentis an extensive capillary network, spreading over the posterior and lateral surfaces of the lens of the eye. It disappears shortly after birth. ulna cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002098 EHDAA:7269 EMAPA:18055 UBERON:0006306 VHOG:0001155 uberon urogenital membrane During the 7th week the urorectal septum divides the cloacal membrane into a urogenital membrane (ventrally) and an anal membrane (dorsally) [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/ugenital/genitexterne01.html] EHDAA2:0004025 EHDAA:7011 EMAPA:17210 EMAPA:17378 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002141 SCTID:172994001 UBERON:0006307 VHOG:0001187 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 vagal X nerve trunk EHDAA2:0002160 EHDAA:4659 EMAPA:17272 UBERON:0006308 VHOG:0000736 uberon venous vitelline plexus EHDAA:1945 EMAPA:17020 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002172 UBERON:0006309 uberon vitelline venous plexus EHDAA2:0002210 EHDAA:1945 EMAPA:17020 UBERON:0006310 uberon chamber of eyeball BTO:0002085 Chamber of eyeball[FMA] FMA:58071 MA:0002459 SCTID:280540004 UBERON:0006311 eye chamber eyeball chamber ncithesaurus:Chamber_of_the_Eye uberon MA:0002459 eye chamber Chamber of eyeball[FMA] FMA:58071 FMA:58071 eyeball chamber ocular refractive media MA:0001911 UBERON:0006312 uberon bodily fluid GAID:266 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:A.12.207 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20 UBERON:0006314 body fluid consider merging with parent class galen:BodyFluid uberon GAID:266 body fluid Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:A.12.207 Wikipedia:Body_fluid orbitalis muscle An orbitalis muscle is a rudimentary nonstriated muscle (smooth muscle) that crosses from the infraorbital groove and sphenomaxillary fissure and intimately united with the periosteum of the orbit. It is often called Muller's muscle. One characteristic of Horner's Syndrome is enophthalmos (retraction of the eyeball into the orbit due to paralysis of the orbitalis muscle that spans the inferior orbital fissure). Its function is eyeball protrusion. FMA:49034 MA:0001274 SCTID:368790005 UBERON:0006318 musculus orbitalis musculus orbitalis ncithesaurus:Orbitalis_Muscle orbital muscle orbital muscle of muller orbitalis orbitalis subclass of 'muscle layer' in FMA uberon FMA:49034 FMA:TA musculus orbitalis FMA:49034 orbitalis Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle musculus orbitalis Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle orbitalis FMA:49034 orbital muscle An orbitalis muscle is a rudimentary nonstriated muscle (smooth muscle) that crosses from the infraorbital groove and sphenomaxillary fissure and intimately united with the periosteum of the orbit. It is often called Muller's muscle. One characteristic of Horner's Syndrome is enophthalmos (retraction of the eyeball into the orbit due to paralysis of the orbitalis muscle that spans the inferior orbital fissure). Its function is eyeball protrusion. Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle FMA:49034 orbital muscle of muller spinal cord reticular nucleus FMA:73909 MA:0001123 UBERON:0006319 spinal reticular nucleus uberon FMA:73909 spinal reticular nucleus inferior oblique extraocular muscle FMA:49040 MA:0001276 SCTID:181156006 TAO:0000861 Taxon notes (via VHOG): "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.331 UBERON:0006320 VHOG:0001132 ZFA:0000861 inferior oblique inferior oblique muscle musculus obliquus inferior bulbi musculus obliquus inferior bulbi ncithesaurus:Inferior_Oblique_Muscle obliquus inferior obliquus oculi inferior thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit. uberon dbpedia orbital surface of the maxilla lateral to the lacrimal groove Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle obliquus oculi inferior dbpedia laterally onto the eyeball deep to the lateral rectus by a short flat tendon MA Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle musculus obliquus inferior bulbi FMA:49040 obliquus inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit. FMA:49040 inferior oblique dbpedia Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle musculus obliquus inferior bulbi superior oblique extraocular muscle AAO:0010119 FMA:49039 M. obliquus superior MA:0001277 SCTID:181155005 TAO:0000738 The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye. One of the extraocular muscles, the superior oblique is the only muscle innervated by the trochlear nerve (the fourth cranial nerve). UBERON:0006321 VHOG:0001131 ZFA:0000738 musculus obliquus superior musculus obliquus superior bulbi ncithesaurus:Superior_Oblique_Muscle obliquus oculi superior obliquus superior superior oblique superior oblique muscle uberon Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle musculus obliquus superior bulbi FMA:49039 superior oblique Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle obliquus oculi superior Outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball dbpedia The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye. One of the extraocular muscles, the superior oblique is the only muscle innervated by the trochlear nerve (the fourth cranial nerve). Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle AAO:0010119 musculus obliquus superior FMA:49039 obliquus superior dbpedia MA M. obliquus superior Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle inferior rectus extraocular muscle FMA:49036 MA:0001279 SCTID:181154009 TAO:0000457 UBERON:0006322 VHOG:0001130 ZFA:0000457 a muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye. The inferior rectus muscle is the only muscle that is capable of depressing the pupil when it is in a fully abducted position. inferior rectus inferior rectus muscle musculus rectus inferior bulbi ncithesaurus:Inferior_Rectus_Muscle uberon Wikipedia:Inferior_rectus_muscle a muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye. The inferior rectus muscle is the only muscle that is capable of depressing the pupil when it is in a fully abducted position. Wikipedia:Inferior_rectus_muscle musculus rectus inferior bulbi FMA:49036 inferior rectus MA superior rectus extraocular muscle FMA:49035 MA:0001282 SCTID:181153003 TAO:0000345 The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of the extraocular muscles. It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). In the primary position (looking straight ahead), the superior rectus muscle's primary function is elevation, although it also contributes to intorsion and adduction. UBERON:0006323 VHOG:0001128 ZFA:0000345 musculus rectus superior bulbi ncithesaurus:Superior_Rectus_Muscle superior rectus superior rectus muscle uberon FMA:49035 superior rectus MA Wikipedia:Superior_rectus_muscle musculus rectus superior bulbi dbpedia The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of the extraocular muscles. It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). In the primary position (looking straight ahead), the superior rectus muscle's primary function is elevation, although it also contributes to intorsion and adduction. Wikipedia:Superior_rectus_muscle laryngeal intrinsic ligament FMA:72058 MA:0001757 SCTID:279557001 UBERON:0006325 intrinsic ligament of larynx uberon FMA:72058 intrinsic ligament of larynx base of arytenoid FMA:55349 MA:0001761 SCTID:279532006 UBERON:0006326 arytenoid cartilage base base of arytenoid base of arytenoid cartilage uberon FMA:55349 base of arytenoid FMA:55349 base of arytenoid cartilage FMA:55349 arytenoid cartilage base laryngeal extrinsic muscle FMA:55225 MA:0001769 SCTID:244808004 UBERON:0006327 extrinsic muscle of larynx uberon FMA:55225 extrinsic muscle of larynx laryngeal intrinsic muscle FMA:55226 MA:0001770 SCTID:244810002 UBERON:0006328 intrinsic muscle of larynx uberon FMA:55226 intrinsic muscle of larynx superior pharyngeal constrictor EMAPA:18966 FMA:46621 MA:0002280 SCTID:244800006 The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0006329 constrictor muscle of pharynx superior musculus constrictor pharyngis superior musculus constrictor pharyngis superior ncithesaurus:Superior_Constrictor_Muscle superior constrictor superior constrictor muscle superior constrictor of pharynx superior constrictor pharyngeus uberon Wikipedia:Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle musculus constrictor pharyngis superior FMA:46621 superior constrictor of pharynx dbpedia ncithesaurus:Superior_Constrictor_Muscle superior constrictor muscle FMA:46621 superior constrictor pharyngeus FMA:46621 FMA:TA musculus constrictor pharyngis superior FMA:46621 superior constrictor The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle FMA:46621 constrictor muscle of pharynx superior anterior lingual gland FMA:59796 MA:0002701 SCTID:362179003 UBERON:0006330 anterior lingual salivary gland lingual salivary gland ncithesaurus:Lingual_Salivary_Gland uberon FMA:59796 anterior lingual salivary gland FMA:59796 lingual salivary gland brainstem nucleus MA:0000821 UBERON:0006331 uberon nasal capsule AAO:0000313 EMAPA:17852 MA:0000283 TAO:0002035 Taxon notes: In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation, whereas the ectethmoid comprises elements of the olfactory system, including the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. Editor's note - consider splitting this class. Developing cartilage in mammals? Connective tissue sheath in TAO. Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium[AAO]. Cartilaginous envelope containing the nasal organ[FishBase] Multi-tissue structure composed of connective tissue that surrounds, the internal portions of the olfactory epithelium[ZFA]. Avian def: The nasal capsule is dorsoventrally divided into two parts: the upper part, the ectethmoid, serves olfaction and is composed of the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. The lower part, the mesethmoid, is a thick cartilage bar extending from the corpus sphenoidalis to the rostral extremity of the nose (Fig. 1A-B􏰐). In the avian embryo, the mesethmoid constitutes the cartilage primordium of the upper beak UBERON:0006332 ZFA:0005507 an embryonic cartilaginous frame, the nasal capsule, an evolutionary-conserved structure composed of ventral and dorsal components: the mesethmoid and ectethmoid cartilages, respectively.[PMID]. cartilaginous nasal capsule uberon MA PMID:21270050 an embryonic cartilaginous frame, the nasal capsule, an evolutionary-conserved structure composed of ventral and dorsal components: the mesethmoid and ectethmoid cartilages, respectively.[PMID]. snout MA:0001910 SCTID:41127006 Surface structure that is the region of the head in front of and between the orbits, and above the lower jaw. Nares are located on the snout. TAO:0001712 UBERON:0006333 ZFA:0005496 muzzle uberon Surface structure that is the region of the head in front of and between the orbits, and above the lower jaw. Nares are located on the snout. ZFA:0005496 MA:0001910 muzzle posterior lateral line AAO:0011024 EFO:0003595 One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) TAO:0000944 UBERON:0006334 XAO:0000465 ZFA:0000944 check XAO/AAO pll uberon One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFA:0000944 ZFA:0000944 pll unspecified UBERON:0006336 true uberon distal early tubule AAO:0011034 EMAPA:27788 EMAPA:28007 EMAPA:28390 Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the proximal straight tubule. TAO:0005293 UBERON:0006337 XAO:0000287 ZFA:0005293 in XAO this is pronephric; in ZFA it is an adult structure. we treat it here as generic. consider placing XAO under proneprhic subclass. check relationship with EDCT. uberon Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the proximal straight tubule. ZFA:0005293 lateral ventricle choroid plexus stroma MA:0000963 UBERON:0006338 editors note: definitions should be fixed to use generic stroma class uberon third ventricle choroid plexus stroma MA:0000881 UBERON:0006339 uberon fourth ventricle choroid plexus stroma MA:0000985 UBERON:0006340 uberon outer renal medulla peritubular capillary MA:0002589 UBERON:0006341 uberon left hepatic recess EMAPA:18047 MA:0000444 UBERON:0006342 uberon right hepatic recess EMAPA:18050 MA:0000450 UBERON:0006343 uberon stapedial artery A small artery that passes through the ring of the stapes; while the stapedial artery is a temporary artery thought to disappear at late embryonic stage in humans, the mouse stapedial artery is complete by E13 and persists into adulthood[MP]. EHDAA2:0001908 EMAPA:17313 MA:0002044 SCTID:361518009 UBERON:0006345 ncithesaurus:Stapedial_Artery stapedial stapedial artery temporary uberon EHDAA2:0001908 stapedial EHDAA2 A small artery that passes through the ring of the stapes; while the stapedial artery is a temporary artery thought to disappear at late embryonic stage in humans, the mouse stapedial artery is complete by E13 and persists into adulthood[MP]. MP:0004665 EHDAA2:0001908 stapedial artery temporary EHDAA2 EHDAA2 communicating artery EMAPA:18598 Grouping for anterior and posterior MA:0001938 UBERON:0006347 ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery uberon epigastric artery EMAPA:18750 MA:0001948 MESH:A.07.231.114.330 SCTID:261400009 UBERON:0006349 ncithesaurus:Epigastric_Artery uberon principal vein of forelimb EMAPA:17018 MA:0002199 UBERON:0006351 uberon principal vein of hindlimb EMAPA:17019 MA:0002200 UBERON:0006353 uberon superior vesical vein EMAPA:18646 MA:0002227 UBERON:0006355 uberon epigastric vein EMAPA:18759 MA:0002114 UBERON:0006356 ncithesaurus:Epigastric_Vein uberon vasa hyaloidea propria EMAPA:18236 MA:0001285 UBERON:0006358 uberon mesoduodenum EMAPA:17183 EMAPA:17198 EMAPA:19082 MA:0001556 UBERON:0006359 uberon intermolar eminence EMAPA:18273 EMAPA:18876 MA:0001590 UBERON:0006360 uberon ureteric tip EMAPA:27605 EMAPA:27625 EMAPA:27694 EMAPA:27749 MA:0002601 UBERON:0006364 uberon perihilar interstitium EMAPA:28083 MA:0002618 UBERON:0006373 uberon MA MA part of afferent arteriole forming the juxtaglomerular complex EMAPA:28269 MA:0002580 UBERON:0006374 renin-producing cells uberon MA:0002580 renin-producing cells premacula segment of distal straight tubule . EMAPA:28331 EMAPA:29683 EMAPA:31379 MA:0002628 UBERON:0006376 kidney medulla loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop renal medulla loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment renal medulla thick ascending limb uberon MA MA . PMID:14595018 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3123600&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 MA:th medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop MA:th renal medulla loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment MA MA:th kidney medulla loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment MA:th renal medulla thick ascending limb remnant of Rathke's pouch EMAPA:17518 MA:0000857 UBERON:0006377 hypophyseal cleft uberon MA:0000857 hypophyseal cleft vibrissa BTO:0003488 EMAPA:17529 Editor note: add distinct subclasses for whisker, hair of nose, etc. // Note that the FMA class should probably NOT be grouped here - fix in later release FMA:53670 MA:0000163 MESH:A.13.950 UBERON:0006378 hair of nose hair of vestibular part of nose http://eulep.pdn.cam.ac.uk/~skinbase/Anatomic_hair_types/FOOT_VIBRISSAE_ANNOTATED.jpg nose hair specialized hairs (or, in certain bird species, specialized feathers) usually employed for tactile sensation. Vibrissae hair grow around the nostrils, above the lips, and on other parts of the face of most mammals, as well as on the forelegs and feet of some animals. Vibrissae are usually thicker and stiffer than other types of hair. Vibrissae consist of inert material and contain no nerves, but do have special sensory cells associated with them. Vibrissae are different from other hairs mainly because they are implanted in a special follicle sealed by a capsule of blood, called a blood sinus. Touching a vibrissa causes it to bend, and the blood in the sinus is pushed to one side or the other. The blood amplifies the movement and allows the mechanoreceptors at the base of the vibrissa to detect extremely small deflections[WP]. uberon whisker FMA:53670 hair of nose FMA:53670 nose hair MA:0000163 whisker Wikipedia:Whiskers https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 specialized hairs (or, in certain bird species, specialized feathers) usually employed for tactile sensation. Vibrissae hair grow around the nostrils, above the lips, and on other parts of the face of most mammals, as well as on the forelegs and feet of some animals. Vibrissae are usually thicker and stiffer than other types of hair. Vibrissae consist of inert material and contain no nerves, but do have special sensory cells associated with them. Vibrissae are different from other hairs mainly because they are implanted in a special follicle sealed by a capsule of blood, called a blood sinus. Touching a vibrissa causes it to bend, and the blood in the sinus is pushed to one side or the other. The blood amplifies the movement and allows the mechanoreceptors at the base of the vibrissa to detect extremely small deflections[WP]. FMA:53670 hair of vestibular part of nose FMA basisphenoid bone AAO:0000040 EMAPA:18706 Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase. MA:0001463 SCTID:95945003 UBERON:0006428 basisphenoid uberon AAO:0000040 basisphenoid cjm AAO:0000040 Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase. xiphoid cartilage AAO:0000940 EMAPA:18725 FMA:32574 MA:0001884 UBERON:0006430 cartilage of xiphoid process ensiform cartilage uberon xiphoid cartilage xiphoid process cartilage Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process ensiform cartilage FMA:32574 cartilage of xiphoid process FMA:32574 xiphoid process cartilage xiphoid process bone FMA:32577 GAID:248 UBERON:0006431 bone tissue of xiphoid process uberon xiphoid bone Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process xiphoid bone FMA:32577 bone tissue of xiphoid process os penis EMAPA:29769 MA:0000406 SCTID:27962002 UBERON:0006435 a bone found in the penis of most mammals. It is absent in humans, but present in other primates, such as the closely-related chimpanzee. The bone aids in sexual intercourse[WP]. baculum penile bone penis bone uberon Wikipedia:Baculum penis bone Wikipedia:Baculum baculum Wikipedia:Baculum penile bone Wikipedia:Baculum a bone found in the penis of most mammals. It is absent in humans, but present in other primates, such as the closely-related chimpanzee. The bone aids in sexual intercourse[WP]. principal artery to forelimb EMAPA:16811 MA:0002024 UBERON:0006436 uberon principal artery to hindlimb EMAPA:16812 MA:0002025 UBERON:0006438 uberon os clitoris EMAPA:30823 MA:0000387 UBERON:0006440 baubellum os clitoridis uberon Wikipedia:Baculum baubellum Wikipedia:Baculum os clitoridis hepatic recess UBERON:0006442 uberon prinicipal vein of limb UBERON:0006443 uberon annulus fibrosus A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart). BTO:0003627 FMA:76704 UBERON:0006444 anulus fibrosus fibrous ring uberon FMA:76704 anulus fibrosus BTO:0003627 fibrous ring A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart). BTO:0003627 caudal middle frontal gyrus Component of the middle frontal gyrus. The rostral boundary of the middle frontal gyrus was the rostral extent of the middle frontal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were designated as the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). FMA:70688 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1083 UBERON:0006445 caudal middle frontal gyrus posterior part of middle frontal gyrus uberon FMA:70688 posterior part of middle frontal gyrus Component of the middle frontal gyrus. The rostral boundary of the middle frontal gyrus was the rostral extent of the middle frontal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were designated as the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1083 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1083 caudal middle frontal gyrus rostral middle frontal gyrus Component of the middle frontal gyrus The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the middle frontal gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). FMA:70687 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1090 UBERON:0006446 anterior part of middle frontal gyrus rostral middle frontal gyrus uberon Component of the middle frontal gyrus The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the middle frontal gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1090 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1090 rostral middle frontal gyrus FMA:70687 anterior part of middle frontal gyrus fifth lumbar spinal cord segment FMA:71191 L5 segment L5 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1251 SCTID:278775008 UBERON:0006447 fifth lumbar spinal cord segment uberon FMA:71191 L5 segment L5 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1251 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1251 fifth lumbar spinal cord segment first lumbar spinal cord segment FMA:71187 L1 segment L1 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1336 SCTID:278776009 UBERON:0006448 first lumbar spinal cord segment uberon FMA:71187 L1 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1336 first lumbar spinal cord segment L1 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1336 third lumbar spinal cord segment FMA:71189 L3 segment L3 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1340 SCTID:278778005 UBERON:0006449 third lumbar spinal cord segment uberon FMA:71189 L3 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1340 third lumbar spinal cord segment L3 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1340 second lumbar spinal cord segment FMA:71188 L2 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1345 SCTID:278777000 UBERON:0006450 l2 segment second lumbar spinal cord segment uberon L2 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1345 FMA:71188 l2 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1345 second lumbar spinal cord segment fourth lumbar spinal cord segment FMA:71190 L4 segment L4 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1352 SCTID:278779002 UBERON:0006451 uberon L4 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1352 FMA:71190 L4 segment fourth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71170 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1378 SCTID:278766006 T4 segment T4 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006452 uberon FMA:71170 T4 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1378 T4 spinal cord segment fifth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71171 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1383 SCTID:278767002 T5 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006453 fifth thoracic spinal cord segment t5 segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1383 T5 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1383 fifth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71171 t5 segment sixth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71172 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1387 SCTID:278768007 T6 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006454 sixth thoracic spinal cord segment t6 segment uberon FMA:71172 t6 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1387 T6 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1387 sixth thoracic spinal cord segment seventh thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71173 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1392 SCTID:278769004 T7 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006455 seventh thoracic spinal cord segment t7 segment uberon FMA:71173 t7 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1392 seventh thoracic spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1392 T7 spinal cord segment eighth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71174 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1398 SCTID:278770003 T8 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006456 eighth thoracic spinal cord segment t8 segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1398 eighth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71174 t8 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1398 T8 spinal cord segment first thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:62421 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1452 SCTID:278762008 T1 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006457 first thoracic spinal cord segment t1 segment uberon FMA:62421 t1 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1452 T1 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1452 first thoracic spinal cord segment second thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:62422 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1454 SCTID:278763003 T2 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006458 second thoracic spinal cord segment t2 segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1454 second thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:62422 t2 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1454 T2 spinal cord segment third thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71169 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1458 SCTID:278764009 T3 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006459 t3 segment third thoracic spinal cord segment uberon FMA:71169 t3 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1458 third thoracic spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1458 T3 spinal cord segment first sacral spinal cord segment FMA:256625 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1532 S1 segment S1 spinal cord segment SCTID:278780004 UBERON:0006460 first sacral spinal cord segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1532 first sacral spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1532 S1 spinal cord segment FMA:256625 S1 segment second sacral spinal cord segment FMA:256627 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1539 S2 segment S2 spinal cord segment SCTID:278781000 UBERON:0006461 second sacral spinal cord segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1539 second sacral spinal cord segment FMA:256627 S2 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1539 S2 spinal cord segment third sacral spinal cord segment FMA:256629 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1544 S3 segment S3 spinal cord segment SCTID:278782007 UBERON:0006462 third sacral spinal cord segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1544 third sacral spinal cord segment FMA:256629 S3 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1544 S3 spinal cord segment fourth sacral spinal cord segment FMA:256631 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1548 S4 segment S4 spinal cord segment SCTID:278783002 UBERON:0006463 uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1548 S4 spinal cord segment FMA:256631 S4 segment fifth sacral spinal cord segment FMA:256633 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1553 S5 segment S5 spinal cord segment SCTID:278784008 UBERON:0006464 fifth sacral spinal cord segment uberon FMA:256633 S5 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1553 S5 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1553 fifth sacral spinal cord segment ninth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71175 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1584 SCTID:278771004 T9 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006465 ninth thoracic spinal cord segment t9 segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1584 T9 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1584 ninth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71175 t9 segment tenth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71176 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1591 SCTID:278772006 T10 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006466 t10 segment tenth thoracic spinal cord segment uberon FMA:71176 t10 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1591 tenth thoracic spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1591 T10 spinal cord segment eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71177 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1596 SCTID:278773001 T11 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006467 eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment t11 segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1596 eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71177 t11 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1596 T11 spinal cord segment twelfth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71178 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1598 SCTID:278774007 T12 spinal cord segment UBERON:0006468 t12 segment twelfth thoracic spinal cord segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1598 twelfth thoracic spinal cord segment FMA:71178 t12 segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1598 T12 spinal cord segment first cervical spinal cord segment C1 segment C1 spinal cord segment FMA:71179 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1694 SCTID:278754000 UBERON:0006469 first cervical spinal cord segment uberon C1 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1694 C1 segment FMA:71179 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1694 first cervical spinal cord segment eighth cervical spinal cord segment C8 segment C8 spinal cord segment FMA:71186 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1696 SCTID:278761001 UBERON:0006470 eighth cervical spinal cord segment uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1696 eighth cervical spinal cord segment C8 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1696 C8 segment FMA:71186 brodmann (1909) area 5 Area praeparietalis B09-5 Brodmann area 5 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in somatosensory processing and association. Brodmann area 5, preparietal FMA:68601 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736 SCTID:384764008 UBERON:0006471 area 5 of Brodmann-1909 brodmann (1909) area 5 brodmann area 5 preparietal area 5 preparietal area 5 secondary somatosensory cortex uberon Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_5 secondary somatosensory cortex B09-5 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736 Brodmann area 5 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in somatosensory processing and association. Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_5 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736 area 5 of Brodmann-1909 FMA:68601 brodmann area 5 Brodmann area 5, preparietal NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736 Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_5 preparietal area 5 FMA:68601 preparietal area 5 Area praeparietalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736 brodmann (1909) area 5 brodmann (1909) area 6 Area frontalis agranularis B09-6 Brodmann area 6, agranular frontal Brodmann area 6, or BA6, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex, it is composed of the premotor cortex and, medially, the supplementary motor area, or SMA. This large area of the frontal cortex is believed to play a role in the planning of complex, coordinated movements. Brodmann area 6 is also called agranular frontal area 6 in humans because it lacks an internal granular cortical layer (layer IV). It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human brain, it is located on the portions of the precentral gyrus that are not occupied by the gigantopyramidal area 4; furthermore, BA6 extends onto the caudal portions of the superior frontal and middle frontal gyri. It extends from the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere to the lateral sulcus on the lateral aspect. It is bounded rostrally by the granular frontal region and caudally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 (Brodmann, 1909). FMA:68602 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737 SCTID:384765009 UBERON:0006472 agranular frontal area 6 agranular frontal area 6 area 6 of Brodmann-1909 area 6 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 6 brodmann area 6 frontal belt uberon FMA:68602 agranular frontal area 6 FMA:68602 frontal belt NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737 area 6 of Brodmann-1909 Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_6 agranular frontal area 6 Area frontalis agranularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737 Brodmann area 6, agranular frontal NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737 B09-6 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737 FMA:68602 brodmann area 6 Brodmann area 6, or BA6, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex, it is composed of the premotor cortex and, medially, the supplementary motor area, or SMA. This large area of the frontal cortex is believed to play a role in the planning of complex, coordinated movements. Brodmann area 6 is also called agranular frontal area 6 in humans because it lacks an internal granular cortical layer (layer IV). It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human brain, it is located on the portions of the precentral gyrus that are not occupied by the gigantopyramidal area 4; furthermore, BA6 extends onto the caudal portions of the superior frontal and middle frontal gyri. It extends from the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere to the lateral sulcus on the lateral aspect. It is bounded rostrally by the granular frontal region and caudally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 (Brodmann, 1909). Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_6 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737 brodmann (1909) area 6 FMA:68602 area 6 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 18 . Area parastriata B09-18 Brodmann area 18, parastriate FMA:68615 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 SCTID:384773000 UBERON:0006473 area 18 of Brodmann-1909 area 18 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 18 brodmann area 18 brodmann's area 18 parastriate area 18 secondary visual area uberon visual area ii FMA:68615 secondary visual area FMA:68615 brodmann's area 18 FMA:68615 parastriate area 18 Area parastriata NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 FMA:68615 brodmann area 18 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 area 18 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 18, parastriate NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 . NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 FMA:68615 area 18 of brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 brodmann (1909) area 18 B09-18 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 FMA:68615 visual area ii brodmann (1909) area 30 Area retrolimbica agranularis B09-30 Brodmann area 30, agranular retrolimbic FMA:68627 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764 SCTID:384784007 UBERON:0006474 agranular retrolimbic area 30 area 30 of Brodmann-1909 area 30 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 30 brodmann area 30 brodmann's area 30 uberon Area retrolimbica agranularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764 FMA:68627 brodmann's area 30 Brodmann area 30, agranular retrolimbic NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764 brodmann (1909) area 30 B09-30 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764 FMA:68627 area 30 of brodmann FMA:68627 brodmann area 30 FMA:68627 agranular retrolimbic area 30 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764 area 30 of Brodmann-1909 brodmann (1909) area 31 Area cingularis posterior dorsalis B09-31 Brodmann area 31, dorsal posterior cingulate FMA:68628 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765 SCTID:384785008 UBERON:0006475 area 31 of Brodmann-1909 area 31 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 31 brodmann area 31 brodmann's area 31 cinguloparietal transition area dorsal posterior cingulate area 31 uberon FMA:68628 cinguloparietal transition area FMA:68628 brodmann's area 31 FMA:68628 dorsal posterior cingulate area 31 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765 brodmann (1909) area 31 B09-31 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765 FMA:68628 area 31 of brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765 area 31 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 31, dorsal posterior cingulate NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765 FMA:68628 brodmann area 31 Area cingularis posterior dorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765 brodmann (1909) area 33 Area praegenualis B09-33 Brodmann area 33, pregenual FMA:68630 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766 SCTID:384788005 UBERON:0006476 area 33 of Brodmann-1909 area 33 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 33 brodmann area 33 brodmann's area 33 pregenual area 33 uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766 brodmann (1909) area 33 FMA:68630 pregenual area 33 Brodmann area 33, pregenual NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766 Area praegenualis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766 FMA:68630 brodmann area 33 B09-33 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766 FMA:68630 area 33 of brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766 area 33 of Brodmann-1909 FMA:68630 brodmann's area 33 brodmann (1909) area 34 Area entorhinalis dorsalis B09-34 Brodmann area 34, dorsal entorhinal FMA:68631 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767 SCTID:384789002 UBERON:0006477 area 34 of Brodmann-1909 area 34 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 34 brodmann area 34 dorsal entorhinal area 34 uberon Brodmann area 34, dorsal entorhinal NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767 B09-34 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767 FMA:68631 dorsal entorhinal area 34 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767 brodmann (1909) area 34 FMA:68631 area 34 of brodmann Area entorhinalis dorsalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767 FMA:68631 brodmann area 34 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767 area 34 of Brodmann-1909 brodmann (1909) area 37 Area occipitotemporalis B09-37 Brodmann area 37, occipitotemporal FMA:68634 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770 SCTID:384792003 UBERON:0006478 area 37 0f brodmann area 37 of Brodmann-1909 brodmann (1909) area 37 brodmann area 37 occipitotemporal area 37 uberon Area occipitotemporalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770 FMA:68634 occipitotemporal area 37 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770 brodmann (1909) area 37 FMA:68634 area 37 0f brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770 area 37 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 37, occipitotemporal NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770 B09-37 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770 FMA:68634 brodmann area 37 brodmann (1909) area 38 Area temporopolaris B09-38 Brodmann area 38, temporopolar FMA:68635 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771 SCTID:384793008 UBERON:0006479 area 38 of Brodmann-1909 area 38 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 38 brodmann area 38 temporopolar area 38 uberon FMA:68635 area 38 of brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771 brodmann (1909) area 38 Area temporopolaris NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771 B09-38 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771 area 38 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 38, temporopolar NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771 FMA:68635 brodmann area 38 FMA:68635 temporopolar area 38 brodmann (1909) area 39 Area angularis B09-39 Brodmann area 39, angular FMA:68636 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772 SCTID:384794002 UBERON:0006480 angular area 39 area 39 of Brodmann-1909 area 39 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 39 brodmann area 39 uberon FMA:68636 angular area 39 FMA:68636 area 39 of brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772 area 39 of Brodmann-1909 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772 brodmann (1909) area 39 B09-39 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772 Brodmann area 39, angular NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772 FMA:68636 brodmann area 39 Area angularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772 brodmann (1909) area 44 Area opercularis B09-44 Brodmann area 44, opercular FMA:68641 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776 SCTID:384803008 UBERON:0006481 area 44 of Brodmann-1909 area 44 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 44 brodmann area 44 opercular area 44 uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776 area 44 of Brodmann-1909 FMA:68641 area 44 of brodmann Area opercularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776 FMA:68641 brodmann area 44 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776 brodmann (1909) area 44 FMA:68641 opercular area 44 B09-44 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776 Brodmann area 44, opercular NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776 brodmann (1909) area 45 Area triangularis B09-45 Brodmann area 45, triangular FMA:68642 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777 SCTID:384805001 UBERON:0006482 area 45 of Brodmann-1909 area 45 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 45 brodmann area 45 triangular area 45 uberon Area triangularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777 Brodmann area 45, triangular NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777 B09-45 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777 FMA:68642 area 45 of brodmann FMA:68642 brodmann area 45 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777 area 45 of Brodmann-1909 FMA:68642 triangular area 45 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777 brodmann (1909) area 45 brodmann (1909) area 46 Area frontalis media B09-46 Brodmann area 46, middle frontal Brodmann area 46, or BA46, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It is between BA10 and BA45. BA46 is known as middle frontal area 46. In the human it occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. Brodmann area 46 roughly corresponds with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), although the borders of area 46 are based on cytoarchitecture rather than function. The DLPFC also encompasses part of granular frontal area 9, directly adjacent on the dorsal surface of the cortex. Cytoarchitecturally, BA46 is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 and caudally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909). There is some discrepancy between the extent of BA8 (Brodmann-1905) and the same area as described by Walker (1940) FMA:68643 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778 SCTID:384806000 UBERON:0006483 area 46 of Brodmann-1909 area 46 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 46 brodmann area 46 middle frontal area 46 middle frontal area 46 uberon FMA:68643 area 46 of brodmann NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778 area 46 of Brodmann-1909 FMA:68643 brodmann area 46 Area frontalis media NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778 FMA:68643 middle frontal area 46 B09-46 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778 Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_46 middle frontal area 46 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778 brodmann (1909) area 46 Brodmann area 46, or BA46, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It is between BA10 and BA45. BA46 is known as middle frontal area 46. In the human it occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. Brodmann area 46 roughly corresponds with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), although the borders of area 46 are based on cytoarchitecture rather than function. The DLPFC also encompasses part of granular frontal area 9, directly adjacent on the dorsal surface of the cortex. Cytoarchitecturally, BA46 is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 and caudally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909). There is some discrepancy between the extent of BA8 (Brodmann-1905) and the same area as described by Walker (1940) Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_46 Brodmann area 46, middle frontal NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778 brodmann (1909) area 47 Area orbitalis B09-47 Brodmann area 47, orbital FMA:68644 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779 SCTID:384807009 UBERON:0006484 area 47 of Brodmann-1909 area 47 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 47 brodmann area 47 orbital area 47 uberon FMA:68644 orbital area 47 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779 area 47 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 47, orbital NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779 FMA:68644 area 47 of brodmann Area orbitalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779 brodmann (1909) area 47 FMA:68644 brodmann area 47 B09-47 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779 brodmann (1909) area 48 Area retrosubicularis B09-48 Brodmann area 48, retrosubicular FMA:81151 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791 SCTID:384808004 UBERON:0006485 area 48 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 48 brodmann area 48 brodmann's area 48 retrosubicular area 48 uberon Area retrosubicularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791 Brodmann area 48, retrosubicular NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791 FMA:81151 brodmann's area 48 FMA:81151 area 48 of brodmann FMA:81151 brodmann area 48 FMA:81151 retrosubicular area 48 B09-48 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791 brodmann (1909) area 48 brodmann (1909) area 52 Area parainsularis B09-52 Brodmann area 52, parainsular FMA:81153 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792 SCTID:384809007 UBERON:0006486 area 52 of brodmann brodmann (1909) area 52 brodmann area 52 parainsular area 52 uberon FMA:81153 brodmann area 52 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792 brodmann (1909) area 52 FMA:81153 parainsular area 52 Area parainsularis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792 Brodmann area 52, parainsular NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792 B09-52 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792 FMA:81153 area 52 of brodmann hadjikhani et al. (1998) visuotopic area v2d NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4055 UBERON:0006487 hadjikhani et al. (1998) visuotopic area v2d uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4055 hadjikhani et al. (1998) visuotopic area v2d third cervical spinal cord segment C3 segment C3 spinal cord segment FMA:71181 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_744 SCTID:278756003 UBERON:0006488 third cervical spinal cord segment uberon C3 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_744 C3 segment FMA:71181 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_744 third cervical spinal cord segment second cervical spinal cord segment C2 segment C2 spinal cord segment FMA:71180 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_752 SCTID:278755004 UBERON:0006489 second cervical spinal cord segment uberon C2 segment FMA:71180 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_752 second cervical spinal cord segment C2 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_752 fourth cervical spinal cord segment C4 segment C4 spinal cord segment FMA:71182 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_753 SCTID:278757007 UBERON:0006490 forth cervical spinal cord segment uberon C4 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_753 C4 segment FMA:71182 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_753 forth cervical spinal cord segment fifth cervical spinal cord segment C5 segment C5 spinal cord segment FMA:71183 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_760 SCTID:278758002 UBERON:0006491 fifth cervical spinal cord segment uberon C5 segment FMA:71183 C5 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_760 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_760 fifth cervical spinal cord segment sixth cervical spinal cord segment C6 segment C6 spinal cord segment FMA:71184 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_766 SCTID:278759005 UBERON:0006492 sixth cervical spinal cord segment uberon C6 segment FMA:71184 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_766 sixth cervical spinal cord segment C6 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_766 seventh cervical spinal cord segment C7 segment C7 spinal cord segment FMA:71185 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_773 SCTID:278760000 UBERON:0006493 seventh cervical spinal cord segment uberon C7 segment FMA:71185 C7 spinal cord segment NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_773 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_773 seventh cervical spinal cord segment apex of arytenoid FMA:55348 MA:0001760 SCTID:279534007 UBERON:0006494 apex of arytenoid cartilage arytenoid cartilage apex uberon FMA:55348 apex of arytenoid cartilage FMA:55348 arytenoid cartilage apex osseus cochlear canal FMA:75666 MA:0001183 UBERON:0006495 osseous cochlear canal uberon FMA:75666 osseous cochlear canal external acoustic meatus osseus part FMA:61290 MA:0001235 UBERON:0006496 osseous external acoustic tube osseous part of external acoustic meatus uberon FMA:61290 osseous part of external acoustic meatus FMA:61290 osseous external acoustic tube foot interosseus muscle FMA:37456 MA:0002302 SCTID:181714004 UBERON:0006497 foot interosseous interosseous of foot ncithesaurus:Foot_Interosseous_Muscle uberon FMA:37456 foot interosseous FMA:37456 interosseous of foot dorsal foot interosseus muscle FMA:37457 In human anatomy, the dorsal interossei of the foot are four muscles situated between the metatarsal bones. MA:0002303 UBERON:0006499 dorsal interosseous of foot musculi interossei dorsalis pedis musculi interossei dorsalis pedis ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Foot_Interosseous_Muscle uberon dbpedia In human anatomy, the dorsal interossei of the foot are four muscles situated between the metatarsal bones. Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot dbpedia Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot musculi interossei dorsalis pedis FMA:37457 dorsal interosseous of foot dbpedia plantar foot interosseus muscle FMA:37458 MA:0002304 The plantar interossei, three in number, lie beneath rather than between the metatarsal bones, and each is connected with but one metatarsal bone. They arise from the bases and medial sides of the bodies of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones, and are inserted into the medial sides of the bases of the first phalanges of the same toes, and into the aponeuroses of the tendons of the Extensor digitorum longus. UBERON:0006502 musculi interossei plantares musculi interosseus plantaris ncithesaurus:Plantar_Foot_Interosseus_Muscle plantar interosseous of foot uberon dbpedia dbpedia The plantar interossei, three in number, lie beneath rather than between the metatarsal bones, and each is connected with but one metatarsal bone. They arise from the bases and medial sides of the bodies of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones, and are inserted into the medial sides of the bases of the first phalanges of the same toes, and into the aponeuroses of the tendons of the Extensor digitorum longus. Wikipedia:Plantar_interossei_muscles dbpedia FMA:37458 plantar interosseous of foot Wikipedia:Plantar_interossei_muscles musculi interosseus plantaris palmar hand interosseus muscle FMA:37419 MA:0002315 The palmar interossei (interossei volares) are small muscles in the hand that lie on the anterior aspect of the metacarpals. They are smaller than the dorsal interossei of the hand, which lie between the metacarpals UBERON:0006505 musculi interossei palmares musculi interossei palmares ncithesaurus:Palmar_Hand_Interosseus_Muscle palmar interosseous of hand uberon dbpedia Wikipedia:Palmar_interossei_muscles musculi interossei palmares The palmar interossei (interossei volares) are small muscles in the hand that lie on the anterior aspect of the metacarpals. They are smaller than the dorsal interossei of the hand, which lie between the metacarpals Wikipedia:Palmar_interossei_muscles dbpedia FMA:37419 palmar interosseous of hand interosseus muscle UBERON:0006508 uberon pallidum ABA:PAL FMA:83684 MA:0000889 Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum. UBERON:0006514 neuraxis pallidum pallidum of neuraxis uberon FMA:83684 neuraxis pallidum MA Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11614 FMA:83684 pallidum of neuraxis dorsal pallidum ABA:PALd BTO:0004376 FMA:77619 UBERON:0006516 dorsal globus pallidus uberon BTO:0004376 dorsal globus pallidus BTO FMA kidney calyx EMAPA:18676 GAID:427 MA:0000369 MESH:A.05.810.453.537.503 Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211) UBERON:0006517 calyx ncithesaurus:Renal_Calyx renal calyx uberon MESH:A.05.810.453.537.503 Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211) MA:0000369 renal calyx EMAPA:18676 calyx right lung lobe MA:0001791 SCTID:272654004 UBERON:0006518 lobe of the right lung ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung uberon lobe of the right lung ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung alveolar system BTO:0000136 EMAPA:19001 EMAPA:19003 EMAPA:19005 EMAPA:19007 EMAPA:19009 MA:0000416 System pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli. UBERON:0006524 bronchoalveolar system pulmonary alveolar system uberon MP:0010899 pulmonary alveolar system BTO:0000136 System pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli. BTO:0000136 bronchoalveolar system left lung alveolar system MA:0001775 UBERON:0006525 uberon right lung alveolar system MA:0001784 UBERON:0006526 uberon seminal fluid BTO:0001232 FMA:62967 MA:0002523 MAT:0000057 MIAA:0000057 The fluid portion of the semen, in which the spermatozoa are suspended[BTO]. UBERON:0006530 Usage notes: we follow FMA and make this class a generic superclass of the secretions of different glands (prostate, bulbo-urethreal, seminal vesicle). MA (and ncit) follows a mixture model, where these secretions are part of the seminal fluid // Taxon notes: This term covers a variety of species. Example: In D. melanogaster, seminal fluid proteins affect female receptivity, ovulation, oogenesis, sperm storage, sperm competition and mating plug formation [doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00961.x]. Note that ths intology contains a number of subtypes of seminal fluid, defined according to glands (which are more taxonomically restricted) male genital fluid male genital secretion seminal fluid seminal plasma uberon BTO:0001232 seminal plasma BTO:0001232 The fluid portion of the semen, in which the spermatozoa are suspended[BTO]. BTO:0001232 seminal fluid oculomotor muscle MA:0002432 MESH:A.02.633.567.700 The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris. UBERON:0006531 ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Muscle uberon we follow MA in making this a subckass of extra-ocular muscle but the distinction is not clear MESH:A.02.633.567.700 The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris. MA oblique extraocular muscle MA:0001275 UBERON:0006532 uberon rectus extraocular muscle MA:0001278 UBERON:0006533 uberon renal convoluted tubule MA:0001665 SCTID:361333002 UBERON:0006534 convoluted tubule ncithesaurus:Convoluted_Tubule uberon skin fluid/secretion MA:0002537 UBERON:0006535 skin fluid skin secretion uberon male reproductive system fluid/secretion MA:0002521 UBERON:0006536 male reproductive system fluid male reproductive system secretion uberon female reproductive system fluid/secretion MA:0002510 UBERON:0006537 female reproductive system fluid female reproductive system secretion uberon respiratory system fluid/secretion MA:0002533 UBERON:0006538 ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System_Fluid_or_Secretion respiratory system fluid respiratory system secretion uberon mammary gland fluid/secretion MA:0002505 UBERON:0006539 lactiferous gland fluid lactiferous gland secretion mammary gland fluid mammary gland secretion secretion of mammary gland uberon outer medulla inner stripe loop of henle EMAPA:29679 MA:0002627 UBERON:0006541 uberon outer medulla outer stripe loop of henle EMAPA:29665 MA:0002630 UBERON:0006542 uberon kidney vasculature EMAPA:28457 TAO:0005305 UBERON:0006544 ZFA:0005305 uberon renal duct A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine. TAO:0005289 UBERON:0006553 ZFA:0005289 in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros uberon A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071029-9 urinary system structure SCTID:122489005 UBERON:0006554 editor note: note that we do not explicitly exclude entities such as WBbt:0005777 (excretory duct) here, but they will be automatically classified under this class after reasoning uberon excretory tube UBERON:0006555 uberon lymphatic part of lymphoid system AAO:0010522 EFO:0000870 EMAPA:18248 FMA:7162 MA:0002961 MESH:A.15.382.520 SCTID:362597000 UBERON:0006558 lymphatic system lymphatic tree system uberon FMA:7162 MA:0002435 lymphatic system FMA:7162 lymphatic tree system non-lymphatic part of lymphoid system FMA:74623 UBERON:0006561 non-lymphatic lymphoid system uberon FMA:74623 non-lymphatic lymphoid system pharynx AAO:0000967 FBbt:00005380 MAT:0000049 MIAA:0000049 SCTID:181211006 Taxon notes: This is a dubious grouping class that collects structures as diverse as the chordate pharynx (which is a subclass - UBERON:0001042) and the nematode pharynx. This portion of the ontology should be revised, but this should be done in sync with GO, from which this grouping arises The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. UBERON:0006562 WBbt:0003681 uberon GO:0060465 The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. tunica media of pulmonary trunk FMA:85030 Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA] UBERON:0006563 uberon FMA:85030 FMA:FMA Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA] superficial palmar arch FMA:22834 MA:0002127 SCTID:362051006 Superficial palmar arch UBERON:0006564 arcus palmaris superficialis ncithesaurus:Superficial_Palmar_Arch superficial palmar arterial arch uberon FMA:22834 superficial palmar arterial arch FMA:22834 Superficial palmar arch FMA:22834 FMA:TA arcus palmaris superficialis female urethral meatus External urethral orifice (female) FMA:85266 MA:0002639 SCTID:279479008 UBERON:0006565 external orifice of female urethra female urethral meatus ostium urethrae externum (urethra feminina) uberon FMA:85266 female urethral meatus External urethral orifice (female) FMA:85266 FMA:85266 external orifice of female urethra FMA:85266 FMA:TA ostium urethrae externum (urethra feminina) left ventricle myocardium FMA:9558 Left ventricular myocardium MA:0002983 Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta.[FMA] SCTID:362021000 UBERON:0006566 myocardium of left ventricle uberon FMA:9558 FMA:FMA Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta.[FMA] FMA:9558 Left ventricular myocardium FMA:9558 myocardium of left ventricle right ventricle myocardium FMA:9535 MA:0002984 Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk.[FMA] Right ventricular myocardium SCTID:362020004 UBERON:0006567 myocardium of right ventricle uberon FMA:9535 Right ventricular myocardium FMA:9535 myocardium of right ventricle FMA:9535 FMA:FMA Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk.[FMA] hypothalamic nucleus BTO:0002449 FMA:258762 MA:0002426 SCTID:279304003 UBERON:0006568 nucleus of hypothalamus uberon FMA:258762 nucleus of hypothalamus diencephalic nucleus TAO:0002191 UBERON:0006569 ZFA:0001659 uberon trabecula carnea of right ventricle FMA:7270 SCTID:192373001 UBERON:0006570 trabeculae carneae (ventriculus dexter) uberon FMA:7270 trabeculae carneae (ventriculus dexter) trabecula carnea of left ventricle FMA:7271 SCTID:190344008 UBERON:0006571 trabeculae carneae (ventriculus sinister) uberon FMA:7271 trabeculae carneae (ventriculus sinister) pectinate line EMAPA:19159 FMA also has FMA:29321 but it's not clear how this differs FMA:75383 Hilton's 'white line' SCTID:245445008 The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line: UBERON:0006574 Wikipedia:Pectinate_line dentate line linea anocutanea ncithesaurus:Pectinate_Line pectinate line of anal canal recto-anal junction site of anal membrane uberon The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line: Wikipedia:Pectinate_line FMA:75383 pectinate line of anal canal Wikipedia:Pectinate_line dentate line EMAPA:19159 site of anal membrane Wikipedia:Pectinate_line linea anocutanea Wikipedia:Pectinate_line recto-anal junction EMAPA:19159 Hilton's 'white line' mantle A fold or lobe or pair of lobes of the body wall of a mollusk or brachiopod that in shell-bearing forms lines the shell and bears shell-secreting glands. BTO:0000825 UBERON:0006575 mantle tissue pallium uberon Wipikedia:Mantle_(mollusc) pallium BTO:0000825 mantle tissue A fold or lobe or pair of lobes of the body wall of a mollusk or brachiopod that in shell-bearing forms lines the shell and bears shell-secreting glands. BTO:0000825 Wipikedia:Mantle_(mollusc) mantle cavity BTO:0000826 UBERON:0006580 Within the shell is a fleshy layer of tissue called the mantle; there is a cavity (the mantle cavity) between the mantle and the body wall proper. uberon BTO:0000826 Within the shell is a fleshy layer of tissue called the mantle; there is a cavity (the mantle cavity) between the mantle and the body wall proper. mantle muscle BTO:0000827 UBERON:0006581 uberon statolith Acellular mineralized structure located in the statocyst (balance organ) of some aquatic invertebrates[WP,CJM]. UBERON:0006582 uberon Acellular mineralized structure located in the statocyst (balance organ) of some aquatic invertebrates[WP,CJM]. UBERON:cjm statocyst Acellular mineralized structure located in the statocyst (balance organ) of some aquatic invertebrates[WP]. UBERON:0006583 todo - add statolith organ uberon Acellular mineralized structure located in the statocyst (balance organ) of some aquatic invertebrates[WP]. Wikipedia:Statocyst vestibular organ NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2519 UBERON:0006585 balance organ uberon UBERON:cjm balance organ otolymph MA:0002527 UBERON:0006586 ncithesaurus:Otolymph uberon ligamentum venosum FMA:14080 SCTID:80391004 The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver). It may be continuous with the round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis). It is invested by the peritoneal folds of the lesser omentum within a fissure on the inferior surface of the liver between the caudate and main parts of the left lobe. UBERON:0006587 ligament of arantius ligamentum venosum (ductus venosus) ligamentum venosum of liver ligamentum venosus uberon FMA:14080 ligamentum venosum (ductus venosus) FMA The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver). It may be continuous with the round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis). It is invested by the peritoneal folds of the lesser omentum within a fissure on the inferior surface of the liver between the caudate and main parts of the left lobe. Wikipedia:Ligamentum_venosum FMA:14080 ligamentum venosum of liver Wikipedia:Ligamentum_venosum ligamentum venosus FMA:14080 ligament of arantius round ligament of liver FMA:14079 SCTID:262209009 UBERON:0006588 a degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver. Anatomically, the round ligament divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections. The round ligament represents the remnant of the fetal left umbilical vein. The round ligament therefore only exists in mammals. Prenatally and for a month or two after birth, the left umbilical vein is patent, subsequently degenerating to fibrous tissue, the round ligament. The umbilical vein/round ligament inserts around the umbilicus and is an important landmark of the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall[WP]. ligamentum teres ligamentum teres hepatis ligamentum teres hepatitis ligamentum teres of liver ncithesaurus:Round_Ligament_of_the_Liver uberon Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_liver a degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver. Anatomically, the round ligament divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections. The round ligament represents the remnant of the fetal left umbilical vein. The round ligament therefore only exists in mammals. Prenatally and for a month or two after birth, the left umbilical vein is patent, subsequently degenerating to fibrous tissue, the round ligament. The umbilical vein/round ligament inserts around the umbilicus and is an important landmark of the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall[WP]. FMA:14079 ligamentum teres of liver Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_liver ligamentum teres FMA:14079 FMA:TA ligamentum teres hepatis Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_liver ligamentum teres hepatitis round ligament of uterus FMA:20420 GAID:130 Hunter's ligament SCTID:245495009 The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. It leaves the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora where its fibers spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis[WP]. A fibromuscular band that attaches to the uterus and then passes along the broad ligament, out through the inguinal ring, and into the labium majus[MESH]. UBERON:0006589 ligamentum teres of uterus ligamentum teres uteri ligamentum teres uteri ncithesaurus:Round_Ligament_of_the_Uterus round ligament round ligament of the uterus uberon Wikipedia GAID:130 round ligament FMA Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus round ligament of the uterus FMA:20420 Hunter's ligament Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus ligamentum teres uteri Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus ligamentum teres uteri MESH:A.02.513.803 The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. It leaves the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora where its fibers spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis[WP]. A fibromuscular band that attaches to the uterus and then passes along the broad ligament, out through the inguinal ring, and into the labium majus[MESH]. Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus vestigial embryonic structure Anatomical structure which is a remnant of an embryonic structure in the postnatal period. Examples: median umbilical ligament, paroohoron, prostatic utricle, ligamentum arteriosum.[FMA] FMA:16558 UBERON:0006590 uberon Anatomical structure which is a remnant of an embryonic structure in the postnatal period. Examples: median umbilical ligament, paroohoron, prostatic utricle, ligamentum arteriosum.[FMA] FMA:16558 FMA:FMA transformed artery FMA:14076 UBERON:0006591 uberon transformed vein FMA:14078 UBERON:0006592 uberon chorda gubernaculum A portion of the gubernaculum testis and round ligament that develops in the body wall of the embryo. BTO:0002814 UBERON:0006594 uberon A portion of the gubernaculum testis and round ligament that develops in the body wall of the embryo. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource presumptive endoderm AAO:0000471 EFO:0003437 TAO:0000416 UBERON:0006595 ZFA:0000416 uberon presumptive blood AAO:0000468 EFO:0003439 TAO:0000568 UBERON:0006596 ZFA:0000568 uberon quadrate AAO:0000525 EFO:0003547 In snakes, the quadrate bone has become elongated and very mobile, and contributes greatly to their ability to swallow very large prey items. In mammals the articular and quadrate bones have migrated to the middle ear and are known as the malleus and incus. In fact, paleontologists regard this modification as the defining characteristic of mammalian hearing structures.[1] This migration was first described by Reichert in 1837. In pig embryos he discovered that the mandible ossifies on the side of Meckel's cartilage, while the posterior part of that cartilage is ossified and then detaches from the rest of the cartilage to enter the middle ear where it becomes the malleus TAO:0000621 The quadrate is the dorsal bone in the jaw joint with the anguloarticular of the lower jaw. Ossification of the quadrate, a cartilage bone, begins as a posteriorly projecting membranous spine between the symplectic cartilage and the preopercle (5.1 mm NL). The body of the quadrate ossifies first at the ball-and-socket articulation with the anguloarticular (6.5 mm). The adult quadrate is shaped roughly like an inverted triangle with a long, posteriorly projecting spine off its posteroventral edge. The presence of a posteroventral or posterior process of the quadrate is a synapomorphy of Teleostei. UBERON:0006597 VHOG:0000689 ZFA:0000621 quadrate - incus quadrate bone uberon VHOG:0000689 quadrate - incus AAO:0000525 quadrate bone The quadrate is the dorsal bone in the jaw joint with the anguloarticular of the lower jaw. Ossification of the quadrate, a cartilage bone, begins as a posteriorly projecting membranous spine between the symplectic cartilage and the preopercle (5.1 mm NL). The body of the quadrate ossifies first at the ball-and-socket articulation with the anguloarticular (6.5 mm). The adult quadrate is shaped roughly like an inverted triangle with a long, posteriorly projecting spine off its posteroventral edge. The presence of a posteroventral or posterior process of the quadrate is a synapomorphy of Teleostei. ZFA:0000621 presumptive structure AAO:0000479 TAO:0001116 UBERON:0006598 ZFA:0001116 presumptive structures uberon ZFA:0001116 presumptive structures presumptive hypochord AAO:0000474 EFO:0003453 TAO:0001217 UBERON:0006599 ZFA:0001217 uberon presumptive enteric nervous system AAO:0000472 EFO:0003462 TAO:0001334 UBERON:0006600 ZFA:0001334 uberon NBK10065 presumptive ectoderm AAO:0000470 EFO:0003466 Presumptive structure at the animal poll of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm via the epiblast. Determined by fate mapping. TAO:0001376 UBERON:0006601 XAO:0004132 ZFA:0001376 note: AAO:0000473 presumptive epidermis uberon ZFA:0001376 presumptive epidermis Presumptive structure at the animal poll of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm via the epiblast. Determined by fate mapping. ZFA:0001376 presumptive mesoderm AAO:0000476 EFO:0003467 TAO:0001377 UBERON:0006603 ZFA:0001377 uberon lamina orbitonasalis AAO:0000262 Cranial cartilage which is bilaterally paired and develops as a dorsal plate-like projection of the anterolateral ethmoid plate, which are oriented perpendicular to the ethmoid plate. It fuses dorsally to the taenia marginalis anterior, and it joins the ethmoid cartilage medially. TAO:0001503 UBERON:0006604 ZFA:0001503 laminas orbitonasalis uberon ZFA:0001503 laminas orbitonasalis Cranial cartilage which is bilaterally paired and develops as a dorsal plate-like projection of the anterolateral ethmoid plate, which are oriented perpendicular to the ethmoid plate. It fuses dorsally to the taenia marginalis anterior, and it joins the ethmoid cartilage medially. ZFA:0001503 tectum synoticum AAO:0000602 AAO:0010129 TAO:0001506 UBERON:0006605 Unpaired thin dorsal sheet of cartilage that partially covers the posterior chondrocranium. ZFA:0001506 uberon Unpaired thin dorsal sheet of cartilage that partially covers the posterior chondrocranium. ZFA:0001506 mandibular symphysis AAO:0000277 FMA:75779 Joint that articulates the left and right dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired[TAO]. The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the symphysis menti, mandibular symphysis, or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. This ridge divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. It serves as the origin for the Geniohyoid and the Genioglossus[WP] MA:0001490 TAO:0001851 UBERON:0006606 ZFA:0005488 mental symphysis symphysis mandibulae symphysis menti todo - check uberon Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti symphysis mandibulae MA Joint that articulates the left and right dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired[TAO]. The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the symphysis menti, mandibular symphysis, or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. This ridge divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. It serves as the origin for the Geniohyoid and the Genioglossus[WP] Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti ZFA:0005488 Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti mental symphysis MA:0001490 symphysis menti medial umbilical ligament FMA:14077 The medial umbilical ligament is a paired structure found in human anatomy. It is on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall, and is covered by the medial umbilical folds. UBERON:0006607 chorda arteria umbilicalis; ligamentum umbilicale mediale ligamentum umbilicale mediale medial umbilical fold medial umbilical ligaments uberon FMA:14077 ligamentum umbilicale mediale Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament chorda arteria umbilicalis; ligamentum umbilicale mediale Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament medial umbilical fold Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament medial umbilical ligaments The medial umbilical ligament is a paired structure found in human anatomy. It is on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall, and is covered by the medial umbilical folds. Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament corpus cavernosum clitoridis BTO:0002018 FMA:20172 The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the clitoris during clitoral erection. This is homologous to the corpus cavernosum penis in the male; the body of the clitoris contains erectile tissue in a pair of corpora cavernosa (literally "cave-like bodies"), with a recognisably similar structure. UBERON:0006608 cavernous body of clitoris clitoral corpus cavernosum corpus cavernosum corpus cavernosum clitoridis uberon The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the clitoris during clitoral erection. This is homologous to the corpus cavernosum penis in the male; the body of the clitoris contains erectile tissue in a pair of corpora cavernosa (literally "cave-like bodies"), with a recognisably similar structure. Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_of_clitoris BTO:0002018 cavernous body of clitoris BTO:0002018 corpus cavernosum Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_of_clitoris corpus cavernosum clitoridis BTO:0002018 clitoral corpus cavernosum corpus cavernosum SCTID:245468004 UBERON:0006609 uberon tunica albuginea UBERON:0006610 White covering over one of: penis, testicles or ovaries. ncithesaurus:Tunica_Albuginea uberon White covering over one of: penis, testicles or ovaries. Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis_%28ovaries%29_%28penis%29 exoskeleton BTO:0004659 Editors note: consider adding a separate class for dermal skeleton. See also xref: XAO:0004025 Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans. UBERON:0006611 shell test uberon BTO:0004659 shell Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans. Wikipedia:Exoskeleton shell A rigid covering that envelops an object. Editor notes: may be obsoleted after integumental system overhaul UBERON:0006612 ncithesaurus:Shell uberon A rigid covering that envelops an object. Wikipedia:Seashell ncithesaurus:Shell aponeurosis AEO:0000092 Aponeuroses are layers of flat broad tendons. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery, and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeurosis is in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, and in the palmar region. Their primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon. EHDAA2:0003092 FMA:9722 SCTID:331712004 UBERON:0006614 aponeuroses aponeurotic ncithesaurus:Aponeurosis uberon Aponeuroses are layers of flat broad tendons. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery, and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeurosis is in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, and in the palmar region. Their primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon. Wikipedia:Aponeurosis Wikipedia:Aponeurosis aponeuroses Wikipedia:Aponeurosis aponeurotic venous sinus EMAPA:18633 MA:0000070 SCTID:341586007 UBERON:0006615 a large vein or channel for the circulation of venous blood ncithesaurus:Venous_Sinus todo - add subclasses uberon a large vein or channel for the circulation of venous blood http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/venous+sinus right external ear FMA:53643 SCTID:368567003 UBERON:0006616 right auricular region uberon FMA:53643 right auricular region left external ear FMA:53644 SCTID:368589004 UBERON:0006617 left auricular region uberon FMA:53644 left auricular region atrium auricular region A small conical pouch projections located on the upper anterior portion of each atrium of the heart. FMA:77110 MA:0002955 SCTID:305223006 UBERON:0006618 atrial auricle auricle of heart auricula atrii auricular appendage heart atrium auriclular region uberon FMA:77110 FMA:TA auricula atrii MP:0010489 heart atrium auriclular region MP:0010489 atrial auricle EHDAA2 A small conical pouch projections located on the upper anterior portion of each atrium of the heart. MP:0010489 Wikipedia:Auricular_appendage FMA:77110 auricle of heart left atrium auricular region EHDAA2:0000276 EHDAA:5343 EMAPA:16816 FMA:7219 MA:0001869 SCTID:277930000 UBERON:0006630 VHOG:0001229 a muscular pouch connected to the left atrium of the heart auricula sinistra auricula sinistra left atrial appendage left auricle left auricula left auricular appendix left auricular region uberon EMAPA:16816 left auricular region Wikipedia:Left_atrial_appendage a muscular pouch connected to the left atrium of the heart FMA:7219 left auricle MA:0001869 left atrial appendage Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage left auricular appendix Wikipedia:Left_atrial_appendage auricula sinistra Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage auricula sinistra Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage left auricula right atrium auricular region EHDAA2:0000291 EHDAA:5352 EMAPA:16824 FMA:7218 MA:0001870 SCTID:277713005 UBERON:0006631 VHOG:0001232 a small conical muscular pouch attached to the right atrium of the heart. auricula dextra right atrial appendage right auricle right auricula right auricular region right auriculur appendix uberon Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage right auricula EMAPA:16824 right auricular region Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage auricula dextra FMA:7218 right auricle MA:0001870 right atrial appendage Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage right auriculur appendix Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage a small conical muscular pouch attached to the right atrium of the heart. musculo-phrenic artery EMAPA:19215 FMA:10645 SCTID:244242003 UBERON:0006632 uberon coracoid process EMAPA:25121 FMA:13455 SCTID:181912007 The coracoid process is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint. It is palpable in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. It is the site of attachment for several structures: * The pectoralis minor muscle - to 3rd to 5th ribs. * The short head of biceps brachii muscle - to Radial tuberosity. * The coracobrachialis muscle - to medial humerus. * The coracoclavicular ligament - to the clavicle. (The ligament is formed by the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament.) * The coracoacromial ligament - to the acromion[WP]. UBERON:0006633 coracoid process of scapula coracoid process of the scapula processus coracoideus uberon Wikipedia:Coracoid_process coracoid process of scapula Wikipedia:Coracoid_process processus coracoideus Wikipedia:Coracoid_process coracoid process of the scapula The coracoid process is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint. It is palpable in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. It is the site of attachment for several structures: * The pectoralis minor muscle - to 3rd to 5th ribs. * The short head of biceps brachii muscle - to Radial tuberosity. * The coracobrachialis muscle - to medial humerus. * The coracoclavicular ligament - to the clavicle. (The ligament is formed by the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament.) * The coracoacromial ligament - to the acromion[WP]. Wikipedia:Coracoid_process EMAPA FMA FMA lingual vein AAO:0010514 EMAPA:19312 FMA:14326 SCTID:181375007 The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein. The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein), a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual; generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus, and joins the common facial. UBERON:0006634 deep lingual veins lingual vein ranine ranine vein uberon vena lingualis ))))) Wikipedia:Lingual_veins lingual vein Wikipedia:Lingual_veins deep lingual veins The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein. The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein), a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual; generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus, and joins the common facial. Wikipedia:Lingual_veins Wikipedia:Lingual_veins vena lingualis ))))) Wikipedia:Lingual_veins ranine vein Wikipedia:Lingual_veins ranine anterior abdominal wall EHDAA:5976 EMAPA:17744 FMA:14627 SCTID:362696003 UBERON:0006635 VHOG:0000764 uberon ventral abdominal wall lumbar artery EMAPA:19096 FMA:14735 Lumbar arterial tree SCTID:244285007 The lumbar arteries are in series with the intercostals. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrC&. A fifth pair, small in size, is occasionally present: they arise from the middle sacral artery. They run lateralward and backward on the bodies of the lumbar vertebrC&, behind the sympathetic trunk, to the intervals between the adjacent transverse processes, and are then continued into the abdominal wall. The arteries of the right side pass behind the inferior vena cava, and the upper two on each side run behind the corresponding crus of the diaphragm. The arteries of both sides pass beneath the tendinous arches which give origin to the Psoas major, and are then continued behind this muscle and the lumbar plexus. They now cross the Quadratus lumborum, the upper three arteries running behind, the last usually in front of the muscle. At the lateral border of the Quadratus lumborum they pierce the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis and are carried forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus. They anastomose with the lower intercostal, the subcostal, the iliolumbar, the deep iliac circumflex, and the inferior epigastric arteries. UBERON:0006636 arteria lumbalis arteriae lumbales lumbar artery ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries arteriae lumbales Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries lumbar artery Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries arteria lumbalis The lumbar arteries are in series with the intercostals. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrC&. A fifth pair, small in size, is occasionally present: they arise from the middle sacral artery. They run lateralward and backward on the bodies of the lumbar vertebrC&, behind the sympathetic trunk, to the intervals between the adjacent transverse processes, and are then continued into the abdominal wall. The arteries of the right side pass behind the inferior vena cava, and the upper two on each side run behind the corresponding crus of the diaphragm. The arteries of both sides pass beneath the tendinous arches which give origin to the Psoas major, and are then continued behind this muscle and the lumbar plexus. They now cross the Quadratus lumborum, the upper three arteries running behind, the last usually in front of the muscle. At the lateral border of the Quadratus lumborum they pierce the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis and are carried forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus. They anastomose with the lower intercostal, the subcostal, the iliolumbar, the deep iliac circumflex, and the inferior epigastric arteries. Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries FMA:14735 Lumbar arterial tree coeliac trunk EHDAA2:0004519 EMAPA:19212 FMA:14812 Haller's tripus The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta 'anterior to the upper part of T12' vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta. UBERON:0006637 arteria celiaca celiac axis celiac trunk coeliac axis coeliac trunck coeliac trunk coeliac trunk coeliaco-mesenteric trunk galen:CeliacTrunk truncus coeliacus uberon Wikipedia:Celiac_artery arteria celiaca The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta 'anterior to the upper part of T12' vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta. Wikipedia:Celiac_artery Wikipedia:Celiac_artery celiac trunk FMA:14812 Haller's tripus Wikipedia:Celiac_artery celiac axis Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac trunck FMA:14812 coeliaco-mesenteric trunk Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac trunk Wikipedia:Celiac_artery truncus coeliacus Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac axis FMA:14812 coeliac trunk median umbilical ligament EMAPA:29637 FMA:16568 SCTID:89583000 The median umbilical ligament is a structure in human anatomy. It is a shrivelled piece of tissue that represents the remnant of the embryonic urachus. It extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall. It is unpaired. It is covered by the median umbilical fold Lateral to this structure are the medial umbilical ligament (which is a different structure, not to be confused) and the lateral umbilical ligament. UBERON:0006638 ligamentum umbilicale medianum median umbilical fold middle umbilical ligament uberon Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament middle umbilical ligament Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament median umbilical fold The median umbilical ligament is a structure in human anatomy. It is a shrivelled piece of tissue that represents the remnant of the embryonic urachus. It extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall. It is unpaired. It is covered by the median umbilical fold Lateral to this structure are the medial umbilical ligament (which is a different structure, not to be confused) and the lateral umbilical ligament. Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament ligamentum umbilicale medianum crus penis Crus of penis EMAPA:19294 FMA:18248 For their anterior three-fourths the corpora cavernosa penis lie in intimate apposition with one another, but behind they diverge in the form of two tapering processes, known as the crura, which are firmly connected to the ischial rami. Traced from behind forward, each crus begins by a blunt-pointed process in front of the tuberosity of the ischium, along the perineal surface of the conjoined (ischiopubic) ramus. Just before it meets its fellow it presents a slight enlargement, named by Georg Ludwig Kobelt (1804-1857) the bulb of the corpus cavernosum penis. Beyond this point the crus undergoes a constriction and merges into the corpus cavernosum proper, which retains a uniform diameter to its anterior end. SCTID:362270006 UBERON:0006639 crura of penis crus penis uberon For their anterior three-fourths the corpora cavernosa penis lie in intimate apposition with one another, but behind they diverge in the form of two tapering processes, known as the crura, which are firmly connected to the ischial rami. Traced from behind forward, each crus begins by a blunt-pointed process in front of the tuberosity of the ischium, along the perineal surface of the conjoined (ischiopubic) ramus. Just before it meets its fellow it presents a slight enlargement, named by Georg Ludwig Kobelt (1804-1857) the bulb of the corpus cavernosum penis. Beyond this point the crus undergoes a constriction and merges into the corpus cavernosum proper, which retains a uniform diameter to its anterior end. Wikipedia:Crus_of_penis Wikipedia:Crus_of_penis crura of penis Wikipedia:Crus_of_penis crus penis Crus of penis FMA:18248 crus of clitoris Clitoris crus EMAPA:19169 EMAPA:30821 FMA:20175 SCTID:279860002 The clitoral crura are an internal portion of the clitoris. A single one is called a clitoral crus. They are shaped like an inverted "V" with the vertex of the "V" connecting to the clitoral body. They are near the vestibular bulbs, also known as the clitoral bulbs. They are to the left and right of the urethra, urethral sponge, and vagina and extend back toward the pubic bone. The clitoral crura contain muscles called the ischiocavernosi. "Crus" basically translates as "leg", thus "crura" as "legs". Each clitoral crus connects to the rami of the pubis and the ischium. The crura, like the rest of the clitoris, are composed of two corpus cavernosa muscles, which are made up of erectile tissue. UBERON:0006640 crura of clitoris crus clitoridis crus of clitoris uberon The clitoral crura are an internal portion of the clitoris. A single one is called a clitoral crus. They are shaped like an inverted "V" with the vertex of the "V" connecting to the clitoral body. They are near the vestibular bulbs, also known as the clitoral bulbs. They are to the left and right of the urethra, urethral sponge, and vagina and extend back toward the pubic bone. The clitoral crura contain muscles called the ischiocavernosi. "Crus" basically translates as "leg", thus "crura" as "legs". Each clitoral crus connects to the rami of the pubis and the ischium. The crura, like the rest of the clitoris, are composed of two corpus cavernosa muscles, which are made up of erectile tissue. Wikipedia:Crus_of_clitoris Wikipedia:Clitoral_crura crus of clitoris Clitoris crus FMA:20175 Wikipedia:Clitoral_crura crura of clitoris Wikipedia:Clitoral_crura crus clitoridis appendix epididymis EMAPA:19086 FMA:18268 On the head of the epididymis is a small stalked appendage (sometimes duplicated). It is named the appendix of the epididymis (or pedunculated hydatid), and is usually regarded as a detached efferent duct. This structure is derived from the Wolffian duct as opposed to the appendix testis which is derived from the mullerian duct remnant. UBERON:0006641 appendix epididymidis appendix epididymis appendix of the epididymis epididymal appendix epididymis appendix uberon On the head of the epididymis is a small stalked appendage (sometimes duplicated). It is named the appendix of the epididymis (or pedunculated hydatid), and is usually regarded as a detached efferent duct. This structure is derived from the Wolffian duct as opposed to the appendix testis which is derived from the mullerian duct remnant. Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis appendix epididymis Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis appendix epididymidis FMA:18268 epididymal appendix FMA:18268 epididymis appendix Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis appendix of the epididymis muscle layer of oviduct EMAPA:29046 FMA:18318 Muscle layer of fallopian tube Muscle layer of oviduct Muscular coat of uterine tube Muscular layer of uterine tube Muscularis of uterine tube Tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina) UBERON:0006642 Uterine tubal muscularis tunica muscularis tubae uterinae uberon FMA:18318 Muscularis of uterine tube FMA:18318 Muscle layer of fallopian tube FMA:18318 Uterine tubal muscularis FMA:18318 Muscle layer of oviduct FMA:18318 Tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina) FMA:18318 Muscular layer of uterine tube FMA:18318 Muscular coat of uterine tube FMA:18318 FMA:TA tunica muscularis tubae uterinae tunica albuginea of testis EHDAA2:0002096 EHDAA:9388 EMAPA:19289 FMA:19843 SCTID:279604006 The Tunica Albuginea is the fibrous covering of the testis. It is a dense blue-white membrane, composed of bundles of white fibrous tissue which interlace in every direction. It is covered by the tunica vaginalis, except at the points of attachment of the epididymis to the testis, and along its posterior border, where the spermatic vessels enter the gland. It is applied to the tunica vasculosa over the glandular substance of the testis, and, at its posterior border, is reflected into the interior of the gland, forming an incomplete vertical septum, called the mediastinum testis (corpus Highmori). Tunica albuginea (testis) UBERON:0006643 VHOG:0000801 tunica albuginea %28testicles%29 tunica albuginea testis uberon Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis tunica albuginea testis Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis tunica albuginea %28testicles%29 FMA:19843 Tunica albuginea (testis) The Tunica Albuginea is the fibrous covering of the testis. It is a dense blue-white membrane, composed of bundles of white fibrous tissue which interlace in every direction. It is covered by the tunica vaginalis, except at the points of attachment of the epididymis to the testis, and along its posterior border, where the spermatic vessels enter the gland. It is applied to the tunica vasculosa over the glandular substance of the testis, and, at its posterior border, is reflected into the interior of the gland, forming an incomplete vertical septum, called the mediastinum testis (corpus Highmori). Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis_%28ovaries%29_%28penis%29_of_testis tunica albuginea of ovary EMAPA:30522 FMA:18630 SCTID:258409003 The tunica albuginea is the fibrous envelope of the corpora cavernosa penis. It is comprised of approximately 5% elastin, an extensible tissue that is primarily made up of the amino acids glycine, valine, alanine, and proline. The majority of the remaining tissue is comprised of collagen, which is made up of lysine, proline, glycine, alanine, and other amino acids . The tunica albuginea is directly involved in maintaining an erection; that is due to Buck's fascia constricting the deep dorsal vein of the penis, preventing blood from leaving and thus sustaining the erect state. The trabeculC& of the tunica albuginea are more delicate, nearly uniform in size, and the meshes between them smaller than in the corpora cavernosa penis: their long diameters, for the most part, corresponding with that of the penis. The external envelope or outer coat of the corpus spongiosum is formed partly of unstriped muscular fibers, and a layer of the same tissue immediately surrounds the canal of the urethra. UBERON:0006644 tunica albuginea corporum cavernosorum, tunica albuginea corporis spongiosi uberon The tunica albuginea is the fibrous envelope of the corpora cavernosa penis. It is comprised of approximately 5% elastin, an extensible tissue that is primarily made up of the amino acids glycine, valine, alanine, and proline. The majority of the remaining tissue is comprised of collagen, which is made up of lysine, proline, glycine, alanine, and other amino acids . The tunica albuginea is directly involved in maintaining an erection; that is due to Buck's fascia constricting the deep dorsal vein of the penis, preventing blood from leaving and thus sustaining the erect state. The trabeculC& of the tunica albuginea are more delicate, nearly uniform in size, and the meshes between them smaller than in the corpora cavernosa penis: their long diameters, for the most part, corresponding with that of the penis. The external envelope or outer coat of the corpus spongiosum is formed partly of unstriped muscular fibers, and a layer of the same tissue immediately surrounds the canal of the urethra. Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis_%28ovaries%29_%28penis%29_%28penis%29 Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_%28penis%29 tunica albuginea corporum cavernosorum, tunica albuginea corporis spongiosi adventitia of epididymis EMAPA:30443 FMA:19136 UBERON:0006645 epididymis adventitia uberon FMA:19136 epididymis adventitia muscle layer of epididymis EMAPA:30447 EMAPA:30747 FMA:19149 UBERON:0006646 uberon adventitia of ductus deferens Adventitia of ductus deferens Adventitia of vas deferens Deferent ductal adventitia EMAPA:29767 FMA:19238 Tunica adventitia (Ductus deferens) UBERON:0006647 tunica adventitia ductus deferentis uberon Adventitia of vas deferens FMA:19238 FMA:19238 Tunica adventitia (Ductus deferens) FMA:19238 FMA:TA tunica adventitia ductus deferentis Deferent ductal adventitia FMA:19238 Adventitia of ductus deferens FMA:19238 adventitia of seminal vesicle Adventitia of seminal gland EMAPA:29775 FMA:19403 SCTID:252406002 Seminal vesicle adventitia Tunica adventitia (Vesicula seminalis) UBERON:0006648 tunica adventitia glandulae vesiculosae uberon Adventitia of seminal gland FMA:19403 FMA:19403 Tunica adventitia (Vesicula seminalis) FMA:19403 Seminal vesicle adventitia FMA:19403 FMA:TA tunica adventitia glandulae vesiculosae suspensory ligament of ovary A fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. EMAPA:19085 FMA:19822 SCTID:279917007 Some sources consider it a part of the broad ligament of uterus[2] while other sources just consider it a "termination" of the ligament.[3] UBERON:0006649 infundibulopelvic fold infundibulopelvic ligament uberon Wikipedia Obol A fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments_of_penis_of_ovary Wikipedia FMA FMA:19822 infundibulopelvic ligament FMA:19822 infundibulopelvic fold tunica vaginalis testis EMAPA:19179 FMA:19844 The tunica vaginalis is the serous covering of the testis. It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the saccus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum. After its descent, that portion of the pouch which extends from the abdominal inguinal ring to near the upper part of the gland becomes obliterated; the lower portion remains as a shut sac, which invests the surface of the testis, and is reflected on to the internal surface of the scrotum; hence it may be described as consisting of a visceral and a parietal lamina. UBERON:0006650 lamina parietalis lamina visceralis tunica vaginalis testis uberon Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis lamina parietalis Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis tunica vaginalis testis Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis lamina visceralis Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis tunica vaginalis testis The tunica vaginalis is the serous covering of the testis. It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the saccus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum. After its descent, that portion of the pouch which extends from the abdominal inguinal ring to near the upper part of the gland becomes obliterated; the lower portion remains as a shut sac, which invests the surface of the testis, and is reflected on to the internal surface of the scrotum; hence it may be described as consisting of a visceral and a parietal lamina. Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis appendix testis EMAPA:19087 FMA:19846 SCTID:279601003 Testis appendix The appendix testis is a vestigial remnant of the Mullerian duct, present on the upper pole of the testis and attached to the tunica vaginalis. It is present about 90% of the time. UBERON:0006651 appendices testis appendix of the testis appendix testis uberon Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis appendices testis The appendix testis is a vestigial remnant of the Mullerian duct, present on the upper pole of the testis and attached to the tunica vaginalis. It is present about 90% of the time. Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis appendix testis FMA:19846 Testis appendix Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis appendix of the testis Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis appendix testis muscular layer of vagina EMAPA:30997 FMA:19976 Muscular coat of vagina UBERON:0006652 tunica muscularis vaginae uberon FMA:19976 FMA:TA tunica muscularis vaginae FMA:19976 Muscular coat of vagina glans clitoris BTO:0003117 EMAPA:19170 EMAPA:30829 Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs[BTO]. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) is an external portion of the clitoris[WP]. FMA:19999 UBERON:0006653 clitoris glans glans clitoridis glans clitoris ncithesaurus:Glans_Clitoris uberon FMA:19999 clitoris glans Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans glans clitoridis BTO:0003117 Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs[BTO]. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) is an external portion of the clitoris[WP]. Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans glans clitoris perineal body EMAPA:17892 EMAPA:18921 FMA:20274 SCTID:367754000 The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle . It is found in both males and females. In males, it is found between the bulb of penis and the anus; in females, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter. The perineal body is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor, particularly in females. Its rupture during delivery leads to widening of the gap between the anterior free borders of levator ani muscle of both sides, thus predisposing the woman to prolapse of the uterus, rectum, or even the urinary bladder. UBERON:0006654 central tendinous point central tendinous point of the perineum central tendon of perineum central tendon of perineum corpus perineale, centrum tendineum perinei uberon FMA:20274 central tendon of perineum Wikipedia:Perineal_body central tendinous point Wikipedia:Perineal_body central tendon of perineum Wikipedia:Perineal_body corpus perineale, centrum tendineum perinei The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle . It is found in both males and females. In males, it is found between the bulb of penis and the anus; in females, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter. The perineal body is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor, particularly in females. Its rupture during delivery leads to widening of the gap between the anterior free borders of levator ani muscle of both sides, thus predisposing the woman to prolapse of the uterus, rectum, or even the urinary bladder. Wikipedia:Perineal_body Wikipedia:Perineal_body central tendinous point of the perineum septum of scrotum EMAPA:29745 FMA:20729 SCTID:279591002 Scrotal septum UBERON:0006655 uberon FMA:20729 Scrotal septum deep dorsal vein of penis EMAPA:19219 FMA:21354 SCTID:55433007 UBERON:0006656 uberon FMA/obol glenoid fossa AAO:0000749 AO notes: FMA also has classes for the bony parts around the cavity - these may be more useul than the acvity term itself. AAO def: "Cavity for the articulation of the forelimb formed by the scapula, coracoid, and clavicle." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] EMAPA:25122 FMA:23275 On the lateral angle of the scapula is a shallow pyriform, articular surface, the glenoid cavity, which is directed lateralward and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. The cavity surface is covered with cartilage in the fresh state; and its margins, slightly raised, give attachment to a fibrocartilaginous structure, the glenoid labrum, which deepens the cavity. UBERON:0006657 cavitas glenoidalis cavitas glenoidalis scapulae cavitus glenoidalis glenoid cavity glenoid cavity glenoid cavity of scapula ncithesaurus:Glenoid_Fossa uberon FMA:23275 glenoid cavity of scapula AAO:0000749 glenoid cavity FMA:23275 FMA:TA cavitas glenoidalis scapulae FMA:23275 cavitus glenoidalis On the lateral angle of the scapula is a shallow pyriform, articular surface, the glenoid cavity, which is directed lateralward and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. The cavity surface is covered with cartilage in the fresh state; and its margins, slightly raised, give attachment to a fibrocartilaginous structure, the glenoid labrum, which deepens the cavity. Wikipedia:Glenoid_cavity FMA:23275 glenoid cavity Wikipedia:Glenoid_cavity cavitas glenoidalis inter-phalangeal joint 2 FMA:42765 UBERON:0006658 galen:InterphalangealJoint interphalangeal joint uberon galen:InterphalangealJoint interphalangeal joint cruciate ligament of knee FMA:44611 One of a pair of ligaments arranged like a letter X.[1] They occur in several joints of the body, such as the knee. In a fashion similar to the cords in a toy Jacob's ladder, the crossed ligaments stabilize the joint while allowing a very large range of motion[WP]. UBERON:0006659 cruciate ligament cruciform ligament galen:CruciateLigament uberon FMA:44611 cruciate ligament One of a pair of ligaments arranged like a letter X.[1] They occur in several joints of the body, such as the knee. In a fashion similar to the cords in a toy Jacob's ladder, the crossed ligaments stabilize the joint while allowing a very large range of motion[WP]. Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament cruciform ligament FMA muscle layer EMAPA:29034 FMA:45634 TODO - add subclasses. See also: muscular coat UBERON:0006660 muscular layer muscularis layer ncithesaurus:Muscle_Layer uberon FMA:45634 muscularis layer OBOL:automatic muscular layer epicranial aponeurosis EMAPA:19210 Epicranial aponeurosis Epicranius aponeurosis FMA:46768 Galea aponeurotica SCTID:368677009 The galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis, aponeurosis epicranialis) is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium; behind, it is attached, in the interval between its union with the Occipitales, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone; in front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the Frontales. On either side it gives origin to the Auriculares anterior and superior; in this situation it loses its aponeurotic character, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue. It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp: it is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument to move through a considerable distance. UBERON:0006661 aponeurosis epicranialis cranial aponeurosis epicranial aponeurosis galea aponeurosis galea aponeurotica; aponeurosis epicranialis galeal aponeurosis uberon Epicranius aponeurosis FMA:46768 Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica epicranial aponeurosis Epicranial aponeurosis FMA:46768 FMA:46768 Galea aponeurotica The galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis, aponeurosis epicranialis) is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium; behind, it is attached, in the interval between its union with the Occipitales, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone; in front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the Frontales. On either side it gives origin to the Auriculares anterior and superior; in this situation it loses its aponeurotic character, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue. It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp: it is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument to move through a considerable distance. Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica cranial aponeurosis Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica galea aponeurosis FMA:46768 FMA:TA aponeurosis epicranialis Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica galea aponeurotica; aponeurosis epicranialis Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica galeal aponeurosis FMA musculo-phrenic vein EMAPA:19222 FMA:4732 SCTID:1895000 UBERON:0006662 uberon FMA/obol hemiazygos vein EHDAA2:0004534 EMAPA:18251 FMA:4944 SCTID:244408009 Taxon notes: The major anatomic variation between the pig and other mammalian species is the presence of the large left azygos vein, which enters the coronary sinus (Fig. 1). In other mammals, hemiazygos vein enters the pre- cava. The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column. UBERON:0006663 hemi-azygos vein hemiazygos hemiazygos veins hemiazygous vein hemiazygous vein inferior hemi-azygos vein uberon vena hemiazygos vena hemiazygos ISBN-10:0443065837 FMA:4944 hemi-azygos vein The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column. Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein hemiazygous vein FMA/obol Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein hemiazygos veins FMA:4944 hemiazygous vein Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein hemiazygos FMA:4944 FMA:TA vena hemiazygos FMA:4944 inferior hemi-azygos vein Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein vena hemiazygos greater palatine artery EMAPA:18754 FMA:49795 MA:0001993 SCTID:312163002 The greater palatine artery is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery. It branches off of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa and descends through the greater palatine foramen along with the greater palatine nerve and supplies the hard palate. It also anastomosis through the incisive canal with the sphenopalatine artery to supply the nasal cavity. UBERON:0006664 arteria palatina major todo - check for synonymy between greater and major; branch_of relation is made in FMA at level of descending GPA uberon Wikipedia:Greater_palatine_artery arteria palatina major The greater palatine artery is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery. It branches off of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa and descends through the greater palatine foramen along with the greater palatine nerve and supplies the hard palate. It also anastomosis through the incisive canal with the sphenopalatine artery to supply the nasal cavity. Wikipedia:Greater_palatine_artery accessory hemiazygos vein Accessory hemi-azygos vein EMAPA:19217 FMA:5011 Superior hemi-azygos vein The accessory hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor superior) is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fifth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body[WP]. UBERON:0006665 Vena azygos accessoria todo - add superclass uberon vena hemiazygos accessoria vena hemiazygos accessoria FMA:5011 Superior hemi-azygos vein FMA:5011 Vena azygos accessoria FMA/obol The accessory hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor superior) is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fifth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body[WP]. Wikipedia:Accessory_hemiazygos_vein Wikipedia:Accessory_hemiazygos_vein vena hemiazygos accessoria Accessory hemi-azygos vein FMA:5011 FMA:5011 FMA:TA vena hemiazygos accessoria great cerebral vein of Galen EMAPA:19311 FMA:50993 UBERON:0006666 great cerebral vein of Galen ncithesaurus:Great_Cerebral_Vein_of_Galen uberon vein of Galen FMA:50993 great cerebral vein of Galen FMA:50993 vein of Galen pituitary fossa EMAPA:19195 FMA:54721 SCTID:264194004 UBERON:0006667 hypophyseal fossa pituitary fossa uberon FMA:54721 hypophyseal fossa FMA:54721 pituitary fossa FMA carotid canal EMAPA:18707 FMA:55805 On the interior surface of the temporal bone, behind the rough surface of the apex, is the large circular aperture of the carotid canal, which ascends at first vertically, and then, making a bend, runs horizontally forward and medialward. It transmits into the cranium, the internal carotid artery, and the carotid plexus of nerves. Sympathetics to the head also pass through the carotid canal. They have several motor functions: raise the eyelid (superior tarsal muscle), dilate pupil, innervate sweat glands of face and scalp and constricts blood vessels in head[WP]. UBERON:0006668 canalis caroticus uberon Wikipedia:Carotid_canal canalis caroticus On the interior surface of the temporal bone, behind the rough surface of the apex, is the large circular aperture of the carotid canal, which ascends at first vertically, and then, making a bend, runs horizontally forward and medialward. It transmits into the cranium, the internal carotid artery, and the carotid plexus of nerves. Sympathetics to the head also pass through the carotid canal. They have several motor functions: raise the eyelid (superior tarsal muscle), dilate pupil, innervate sweat glands of face and scalp and constricts blood vessels in head[WP]. Wikipedia:Carotid_canal alveolar canal EMAPA:25099 FMA:57743 The infratemporal surface of the maxilla is pierced about its center by the apertures of the alveolar canals, which transmit the posterior superior alveolar vessels and nerves[WP]. UBERON:0006669 canales alveolares maxillae uberon The infratemporal surface of the maxilla is pierced about its center by the apertures of the alveolar canals, which transmit the posterior superior alveolar vessels and nerves[WP]. Wikipedia:Alveolar_canals EMAPA Wikipedia:Alveolar_canals canales alveolares maxillae central tendon EMAPA:17702 FMA:58279 SCTID:244943002 UBERON:0006670 VHOG:0001399 central tendon of diaphragm centrum tendineum centrum tendineum diaphragmatis ncithesaurus:Central_Tendon_of_the_Diaphragm uberon definitional FMA:58279 FMA:TA centrum tendineum diaphragmatis FMA:58279 centrum tendineum FMA:58279 central tendon of diaphragm orbital fat pad EMAPA:19152 FMA:59005 SCTID:363656009 UBERON:0006671 intraorbital fat pad orbital fat retrobulbar fat uberon FMA:59005 intraorbital fat pad FMA:59005 retrobulbar fat FMA:59005 orbital fat incisive canal EMAPA:19034 FMA:59107 UBERON:0006672 uberon mandibular canal EMAPA:19161 FMA:59473 SCTID:368876003 UBERON:0006673 uberon inguinal ring EMAPA:19172 EMAPA:29307 FMA:65075 SCTID:278830004 UBERON:0006674 uberon venous valve FMA:68095 UBERON:0006675 uberon valve of vein FMA:68095 valve of vein muscularis mucosa BTO:0004839 FMA:68413 SCTID:370140002 The lamina muscularis mucosae (or muscularis mucosa) is the thin layer of smooth muscle found in most parts of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria mucosae and separating it from the submucosa. In the gastrointestinal tract, the term mucosa or "mucous membrane" refers to the combination of epithelium, lamina propria, and (where it occurs) muscularis mucosa. The etymology suggests this since the Latin names translate to "the mucosa's own special layer" (lamina propria mucosae) and "muscular layer of the mucosa" (lamina muscularis mucosae). The muscularis mucosa is composed of several thin layers of smooth muscle fibers oriented in different ways which keeps the mucosal surface and underlying glands in a constant state of gentle agitation to expel contents of glandular crypts and enhance contact between epithelium and the contents of the lumen. UBERON:0006676 galen:MuscularisMucosae laminar muscularis mucosa muscularis mucosae ncithesaurus:Muscularis_Mucosa uberon The lamina muscularis mucosae (or muscularis mucosa) is the thin layer of smooth muscle found in most parts of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria mucosae and separating it from the submucosa. In the gastrointestinal tract, the term mucosa or "mucous membrane" refers to the combination of epithelium, lamina propria, and (where it occurs) muscularis mucosa. The etymology suggests this since the Latin names translate to "the mucosa's own special layer" (lamina propria mucosae) and "muscular layer of the mucosa" (lamina muscularis mucosae). The muscularis mucosa is composed of several thin layers of smooth muscle fibers oriented in different ways which keeps the mucosal surface and underlying glands in a constant state of gentle agitation to expel contents of glandular crypts and enhance contact between epithelium and the contents of the lumen. Wikipedia:Muscularis_mucosae Wikipedia:Muscularis_mucosae laminar muscularis mucosa FMA:68413 muscularis mucosae surface of epithelium FMA:70997 UBERON:0006677 epithelium surface uberon FMA:70997 epithelium surface foramen secundum EHDAA2:0001828 EMAPA:17863 FMA:71105 SCTID:308854001 UBERON:0006678 VHOG:0001471 a foramen in the septum primum. foramen secundum ncithesaurus:Foramen_Secundum ostium secundum uberon SCTID:308854001 ostium secundum Wikipedia:Foramen_secundum foramen secundum Wikipedia:Foramen_secundum a foramen in the septum primum. EHDAA2 carina tracheae Carina EMAPA:18407 FMA:7465 In anatomy, the carina is a cartilaginous ridge within the trachea that runs anteroposteriorly between the two primary bronchi at the site of the tracheal bifurcation at the lower end of the trachea (usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebrae). The mucous membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex. Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious sign because it usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region where the trachea divides. Tracheobronchial injury, an injury to the airways, occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 40b80% of the time. SCTID:181214003 Tracheal carina UBERON:0006679 bifurcation of the trachea carina %28anatomy%29 carina of trachea carina tracheae ncithesaurus:Carina uberon Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea carina of trachea Carina FMA:7465 Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea carina tracheae FMA:7465 Tracheal carina Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea bifurcation of the trachea In anatomy, the carina is a cartilaginous ridge within the trachea that runs anteroposteriorly between the two primary bronchi at the site of the tracheal bifurcation at the lower end of the trachea (usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebrae). The mucous membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex. Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious sign because it usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region where the trachea divides. Tracheobronchial injury, an injury to the airways, occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 40b80% of the time. Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea carina %28anatomy%29 trachealis A smooth muscle tissue that bridges the gap between free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the esophagus. A primary function of the trachealis is to constrict the windpipe, allowing for higher velocity of air in the windpipe during coughing[WP, modified]. EMAPA:19193 FMA:7466 UBERON:0006680 tracheal muscle trachealis muscle uberon FMA:7466 tracheal muscle FMA:7466 trachealis muscle A smooth muscle tissue that bridges the gap between free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the esophagus. A primary function of the trachealis is to constrict the windpipe, allowing for higher velocity of air in the windpipe during coughing[WP, modified]. Wikipedia:Trachealis_muscle interthalamic adhesion EMAPA:18546 FMA:74869 Interthalamic connection Middle commissure UBERON:0006681 uberon FMA:74869 Middle commissure FMA:74869 Interthalamic connection hypoglossal canal EMAPA:19012 FMA:75370 SCTID:139380001 UBERON:0006682 uberon posterior fontanelle EMAPA:19200 FMA:75440 UBERON:0006683 uberon sphenoidal fontanelle EMAPA:19229 FMA:75441 UBERON:0006684 uberon pharyngeal tubercle EMAPA:19250 FMA:75746 UBERON:0006685 uberon spinal vein EMAPA:18255 FMA:76735 SCTID:181376008 Spinal vein UBERON:0006686 uberon vena spinalis FMA:76735 FMA:TA vena spinalis FMA:76735 Spinal vein median sacral vein EMAPA:26064 FMA:77168 UBERON:0006687 uberon FMA/obol sublingual caruncle EMAPA:18961 FMA:77273 SCTID:85139009 The sublingual caruncle is a site on either side of the frenulum linguae on the sublingual surface of the tongue. There it denotes the site at which the submandibular gland empties into the oral cavity. UBERON:0006688 caruncula sublingualis uberon Wikipedia:Sublingual_caruncle caruncula sublingualis The sublingual caruncle is a site on either side of the frenulum linguae on the sublingual surface of the tongue. There it denotes the site at which the submandibular gland empties into the oral cavity. Wikipedia:Sublingual_caruncle frenulum of tongue EMAPA:18656 EMAPA:18874 FMA:54659 The frenulum of tongue (or lingual frenulum) is the frenulum of the tongue, a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue. UBERON:0006689 frenulum frenulum lingu%c3%a6 frenulum linguae frenulum of the tongue lingual frenulum lingual frenum ncithesaurus:Frenulum tongue frenulum uberon The frenulum of tongue (or lingual frenulum) is the frenulum of the tongue, a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue. Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue FMA:54659 tongue frenulum Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue lingual frenulum Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue frenulum linguae Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue lingual frenum Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue frenulum lingu%c3%a6 Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue frenulum of the tongue Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue frenulum linguae deep dorsal vein of clitoris EMAPA:19218 FMA:77504 SCTID:25834009 UBERON:0006690 uberon FMA/obol tentorium cerebelli Cerebellar tentorium EMAPA:18210 FMA:83966 SCTID:244428008 The tentorium cerebelli or cerebellar tentorium is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes. UBERON:0006691 VHOG:0001298 infratentorial neoplasms ncithesaurus:Tentorium_Cerebelli supratentorial neoplasms uberon Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli supratentorial neoplasms The tentorium cerebelli or cerebellar tentorium is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes. Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli Cerebellar tentorium FMA:83966 Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli infratentorial neoplasms vertebral canal AAO:0000693 EMAPA:25440 EMAPA:25448 EMAPA:25456 EMAPA:25464 EMAPA:25472 EMAPA:25480 EMAPA:25488 EMAPA:25496 EMAPA:25504 EMAPA:25512 EMAPA:25520 EMAPA:25528 EMAPA:25536 EMAPA:25544 EMAPA:25552 EMAPA:25560 EMAPA:25568 EMAPA:25576 EMAPA:25584 EMAPA:25592 EMAPA:25600 EMAPA:25608 EMAPA:25616 EMAPA:25624 EMAPA:25632 EMAPA:25640 EMAPA:25648 EMAPA:25656 EMAPA:25664 EMAPA:25672 EMAPA:25680 EMAPA:25688 EMAPA:25731 EMAPA:25738 EMAPA:25745 EMAPA:25752 EMAPA:25759 EMAPA:26521 EMAPA:26537 FMA:9680 GAID:242 The spinal canal (or vertebral canal or spinal cavity) is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum posteriorly and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly. The outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, is closely associated with the arachnoid which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater. The meninges divide the spinal canal into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space. The pia mater is closely attached to the spinal cord. A subdural space is generally only present due to trauma and/or pathological situations. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains the vessels that supply the spinal cord, namely the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries, accompanied by a corresponding spinal veins. The spinal arteries form anastomoses known as the vasocorona of the spinal cord. The epidural space contains loose fatty tissue, and a network of large, thin-walled blood vessels called the anterior vertebral venous plexus and the posterior vertebral venous plexus The spinal canal was first described by Jean Fernel. UBERON:0006692 c. vertebralis foramen vertebrale ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Canal neural canal spinal canal spinal cavity todo - check neural vs vertebral cabal uberon vertebral canal Wikipedia:Spinal_canal vertebral canal AAO:0000693 foramen vertebrale The spinal canal (or vertebral canal or spinal cavity) is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum posteriorly and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly. The outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, is closely associated with the arachnoid which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater. The meninges divide the spinal canal into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space. The pia mater is closely attached to the spinal cord. A subdural space is generally only present due to trauma and/or pathological situations. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains the vessels that supply the spinal cord, namely the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries, accompanied by a corresponding spinal veins. The spinal arteries form anastomoses known as the vasocorona of the spinal cord. The epidural space contains loose fatty tissue, and a network of large, thin-walled blood vessels called the anterior vertebral venous plexus and the posterior vertebral venous plexus The spinal canal was first described by Jean Fernel. Wikipedia:Spinal_canal AAO:0000693 spinal canal AAO:0000693 neural canal Wikipedia:Spinal_canal spinal cavity Wikipedia:Spinal_canal c. vertebralis protein-based cuticle An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans UBERON:0006693 uberon An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans GO:0007592 cerebellum vasculature UBERON:0006694 uberon mammillary axonal complex The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain[GO]. UBERON:0006695 uberon GO:0061373 The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain[GO]. mammillothalamic axonal tract The mammillothalamic tract is the collection of axons that connects the two major subdivisions of the diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus) and closes the diencephalic circuit[GO]. UBERON:0006696 uberon GO:0061374 The mammillothalamic tract is the collection of axons that connects the two major subdivisions of the diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus) and closes the diencephalic circuit[GO]. mammillotectal axonal tract The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus. UBERON:0006697 uberon GO:0061375 The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus. mammillotegmental axonal tract The mammillotegmental tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the tegmentum and pons UBERON:0006698 uberon The mammillotegmental tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the tegmentum and pons GO:0061376 foramen caecum of tongue FMA:54828 SCTID:368738001 The dorsum of the tongue is convex and marked by a median sulcus, which divides it into symmetrical halves; this sulcus ends behind, about 2.5 cm from the root of the organ, in a depression, the foramen cecum, from which a shallow groove, the sulcus terminalis, runs lateral and anterior on either side to the margin of the tongue. The foramen cecum is the point of attachment of the thyroglossal duct and is formed during the embryological descent of the thyroid gland. UBERON:0006699 consider merging with FC of thyroid f. caecum linguae foramen cecum of tongue foramen of morgagni morand's foramen uberon Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28tongue%29 f. caecum linguae FMA:54828 foramen of morgagni FMA:54828 morand's foramen The dorsum of the tongue is convex and marked by a median sulcus, which divides it into symmetrical halves; this sulcus ends behind, about 2.5 cm from the root of the organ, in a depression, the foramen cecum, from which a shallow groove, the sulcus terminalis, runs lateral and anterior on either side to the margin of the tongue. The foramen cecum is the point of attachment of the thyroglossal duct and is formed during the embryological descent of the thyroid gland. Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28tongue%29 FMA:54828 foramen cecum of tongue foramen cecum of frontal bone FMA:57443 The frontal crest of the frontal bone ends below in a small notch which is converted into a foramen, the foramen cecum, by articulation with the ethmoid. This foramen varies in size in different subjects, and is frequently impervious; when open, it transmits a vein from the nose to the superior sagittal sinus. This has clinical importance in that infections of the nose and nearby areas can be transmitted to the meninges and brain from what is known as the danger triangle of the face. UBERON:0006713 f. caecum ossis frontalis todo - check if this is what the FMA ID really denotes uberon The frontal crest of the frontal bone ends below in a small notch which is converted into a foramen, the foramen cecum, by articulation with the ethmoid. This foramen varies in size in different subjects, and is frequently impervious; when open, it transmits a vein from the nose to the superior sagittal sinus. This has clinical importance in that infections of the nose and nearby areas can be transmitted to the meninges and brain from what is known as the danger triangle of the face. Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28frontal_bone%29 Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28frontal_bone%29 f. caecum ossis frontalis tibiofibula AAO:0000902 Paired, endochondral bones formed by the fusion of the tibia and fibula. They form the shanks, extending from the knees to the ankles. UBERON:0006714 XAO:0003213 os cruris tibia-fibula tibiofibula uberon XAO:0003213 tibia-fibula AAO AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007 Paired, endochondral bones formed by the fusion of the tibia and fibula. They form the shanks, extending from the knees to the ankles. AAO:0000902 os cruris radio-ulna AAO:0000901 Paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna. UBERON:0006715 XAO:0003209 radioulna radius-ulna uberon XAO:0003209 radius-ulna XAO:0003209 radioulna VSAO AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007 Paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna. mesopodium region Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus) UBERON:0006716 carpus/tarsus mesopod mesopodial limb segment mesopodial segment uberon MA:th mesopodial limb segment MA:th The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus) UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates MA:th skeleton of autopod Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. UBERON:0006717 VSAO:0005019 autopod skeleton autopodium uberon VSAO:0005019 VSAO:NI autopodium The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. UBERON:cjm medial pterygoid muscle FMA:49011 MA:0002361 SCTID:244771003 The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication. The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle. UBERON:0006718 internal pterygoid internal pterygoid muscle medial pteregoid musculus pterygoideus medialis, musculus pterygoideus internus ncithesaurus:Internal_Pterygoid_Muscle pterygoid medialis pterygoidei internus pterygoideus internus pterygoideus medial pterygoideus medialis uberon Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle pterygoideus medial Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle medial pteregoid dbpedia medial angle of the mandible Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle musculus pterygoideus medialis, musculus pterygoideus internus Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle pterygoideus internus Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle pterygoideus medialis The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication. The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle. Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle internal pterygoid MA:0002361 pterygoid medialis Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle pterygoidei internus dbpedia mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid muscle EMAPA:25140 FMA:49015 MA:0002360 SCTID:244772005 The lateral pterygoid (or external pterygoid) is a muscle of mastication with two heads. UBERON:0006719 external pterygoid muscle lateral pteregoid lateral pteregoid muscle lateral pterygoid lateral pterygoid m. pterygoideus lateralis, m. pterygoideus externus musculus pterygoides lateralis ncithesaurus:External_Pterygoid_Muscle pterygoid lateralis pterygoideus externus pterygoideus externus muscle pterygoideus lateral pterygoideus lateral muscle uberon Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate dbpedia dbpedia lateral pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle m. pterygoideus lateralis, m. pterygoideus externus Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate dbpedia Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle pterygoideus externus muscle MA:0002360 pterygoid lateralis The lateral pterygoid (or external pterygoid) is a muscle of mastication with two heads. Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle pterygoideus externus Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle lateral pteregoid FMA:49015 lateral pterygoid Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle lateral pteregoid muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle external pterygoid muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle pterygoideus lateral muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle pterygoideus lateral FMA:49015 musculus pterygoides lateralis Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle lateral pterygoid pterygoid muscle EMAPA:25139 GAID:147 MESH:A.02.633.567.600.700 SCTID:244770002 UBERON:0006720 uberon alisphenoid bone FMA:52868 MA:0002772 SCTID:361298007 Taxon notes: The alisphenoid in mammals is part cartilage bone, part membrane bone[PMC1231738] In many mammals, e.g. the dog, the greater wing of the sphenoid bone stays through life a separate bone called the alisphenoid[WP] The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards UBERON:0006721 ala major (os sphenoidale) ala major ossis sphenoidalis alisphenoid bone greater wing of sphenoid bone greater wing of sphenoidal bone uberon ISBN10:1588903958 MA:0002772 greater wing of sphenoid bone MA:0002772 alisphenoid bone FMA:52868 greater wing of sphenoidal bone The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards Wikipedia:Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone MA FMA:52868 ala major (os sphenoidale) MA Wikipedia:Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone ala major ossis sphenoidalis manubrium of malleus FMA:52760 MA:0002985 SCTID:264091009 The handle of the malleus; the portion that extends downward, inward, and backward from the neck of the malleus; it is embedded throughout its length in the tympanic membrane. UBERON:0006722 handle of malleus malleal manubrium malleus handle malleus handle malleus manubrium manubrium mallei manubrium of malleus manubrium of malleus uberon MA:0002985 malleus handle MA:0002985 handle of malleus MA:0002985 manubrium of malleus The handle of the malleus; the portion that extends downward, inward, and backward from the neck of the malleus; it is embedded throughout its length in the tympanic membrane. http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?manubrium+of+malleus MA:0002985 malleus manubrium FMA:52760 malleus handle FMA:52760 manubrium of malleus MA:0002985 malleal manubrium MA:0002985 manubrium mallei cjm cochlear modiolus BTO:0001693 FMA:61278 MA:0001182 SCTID:361314007 The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. The Modiolus consists of spongy bone and the cochlea turns approximately 2.75 times around the modiolus The spiral ganglion is situated inside the bony modiolus. UBERON:0006723 cochlea modiolus columella cochleae modiolus modiolus of cochlea ncithesaurus:Modiolus uberon FMA:61278 cochlea modiolus MA:0001182 modiolus BTO:0001693 columella cochleae FMA:61278 modiolus of cochlea The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. The Modiolus consists of spongy bone and the cochlea turns approximately 2.75 times around the modiolus The spiral ganglion is situated inside the bony modiolus. Wikipedia:Modiolus_%28cochlea%29 osseus spiral lamina FMA:77710 MA:0001184 UBERON:0006724 lamina modioli cochleae lamina of modiolus cochleae lamina of modiolus of cochlea osseous spiral lamina of cochlea uberon FMA:77710 FMA:TA lamina modioli cochleae FMA:77710 osseous spiral lamina of cochlea FMA:77710 lamina of modiolus cochleae FMA:77710 lamina of modiolus of cochlea spiral ligament FMA:77834 MA:0001192 Note that this is not classified as a ligament in FMA UBERON:0006725 spiral ligament of cochlear duct uberon FMA:77834 spiral ligament of cochlear duct outer canthus EHDAA2:0000910 EHDAA:9039 FMA:59315 MA:0001264 UBERON:0006726 lateral angle of eye lateral canthus lateral canthus of eye lateral palpebral commissure ncithesaurus:Outer_Canthus see also FMA:59321 uberon FMA:59315 lateral palpebral commissure FMA:59321 lateral canthus of eye MA:0001264 lateral canthus FMA:59321 lateral angle of eye liver left lateral lobe FMA:14501 MA:0001641 SCTID:271288003 UBERON:0006727 lateral segment of left lobe of liver lateral segment of liver segmentum laterale (lobus hepatis sinister) uberon FMA:14501 segmentum laterale (lobus hepatis sinister) FMA:14501 lateral segment of left lobe of liver FMA:14501 lateral segment of liver liver left medial lobe FMA:14500 MA:0001642 SCTID:271085007 UBERON:0006728 medial segment of left lobe of liver medial segment of liver segmentum mediale (lobus hepatis sinister) uberon FMA:14500 medial segment of left lobe of liver FMA:14500 medial segment of liver FMA:14500 segmentum mediale (lobus hepatis sinister) liver perisinusoidal space Disse's space FMA:63162 MA:0002497 SCTID:17779003 UBERON:0006729 hepatic perisinusoidal space perisinusoidal space of Disse space of Disse uberon FMA:63162 space of Disse FMA:63162 perisinusoidal space of Disse Disse's space FMA:63162 FMA:63162 hepatic perisinusoidal space canthus Canthus (pl. canthi, palpebral commissures) is either corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. The bicanthal plane is the transversal plane linking both canthi and defines the upper boundary of the midface. FMA:59222 SCTID:181145006 UBERON:0006742 bicanthal bicanthal plane canthi canthoplasty canthorum canthus %28anatomy%29 lateral palpebral commissure medial palpebral commissure palpebral commissure palpebral commissures uberon Wikipedia:Canthus canthus %28anatomy%29 Wikipedia:Canthus bicanthal plane FMA:59222 palpebral commissure Wikipedia:Canthus medial palpebral commissure Wikipedia:Canthus palpebral commissures Wikipedia:Canthus canthorum Wikipedia:Canthus bicanthal Wikipedia:Canthus lateral palpebral commissure Wikipedia:Canthus canthi Wikipedia:Canthus canthoplasty Canthus (pl. canthi, palpebral commissures) is either corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. The bicanthal plane is the transversal plane linking both canthi and defines the upper boundary of the midface. Wikipedia:Canthus paleodentate of dentate nucleus FMA:72540 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1490 PDT UBERON:0006743 paleodentate of dentate nucleus paleodentate portion of dentate nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1490 PDT FMA:72540 paleodentate portion of dentate nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1490 paleodentate of dentate nucleus superior parathyroid gland EHDAA2:0001954 EHDAA:3870 EHDAA:9135 FMA:55558 SCTID:245540001 Taxon notes: Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six UBERON:0006749 ncithesaurus:Superior_Parathyroid_Gland uberon inferior parathyroid gland EHDAA2:0000821 EHDAA:3864 EHDAA:9127 FMA:55559 SCTID:245542009 Taxon notes: Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six UBERON:0006755 ncithesaurus:Inferior_Parathyroid_Gland uberon EHDAA2 epithelium http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview median lingual swelling During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's]. EHDAA2:0001081 EMAPA:17187 SCTID:308821003 The thyroid initially develops caudal to the tuberculum impar . This embryonic swelling arises from the first pharyngeal arch and occurs midline on the floor of the developing pharynx, eventually helping form the tongue as the 2 lateral lingual swellings overgrow it. [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview] UBERON:0006756 VHOG:0000730 median lingual swelling median tongue bud tuberculum impar tuberculum linguale mediale uberon EHDAA2 During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's]. Wikipedia:Tuberculum_impar EHDAA2:0001081 median lingual swelling http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview median tongue bud Wikipedia:Tuberculum_impar tuberculum linguale mediale lateral lingual swelling During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. EHDAA2:0000911 EMAPA:17189 Structure notes: paired UBERON:0006757 VHOG:0000731 lateral lingual prominence lateral swellings tuberculum laterale tuberculum linguale laterale uberon Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling lateral swellings Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling tuberculum linguale laterale Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling tuberculum laterale During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling corneo-scleral junction EFO:0001403 FMA:58342 GAID:896 MESH:A.09.371.060.217.659 SCTID:63716004 The corneal limbus is the border of the cornea and the sclera (the white of the eye). The limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. Limbus contains radially oriented fibrovascular ridges known as the palisades of Vogt that may harbour a stem cell population[WP]. An annular transitional zone, approximately 1 mm wide, between the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. It is highly vascular and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea. It is ophthalmologically significant in that it appears on the outer surface of the eyeball as a slight furrow, marking the line between the clear cornea and the sclera. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)[MeSH] UBERON:0006761 ZFA:0005570 corneal limbus corneal limbus corneal-scleral limbus corneoscleral junction limbus corneae sclerocorneal junction sclerocorneal limbus uberon GAID:896 corneal limbus The corneal limbus is the border of the cornea and the sclera (the white of the eye). The limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. Limbus contains radially oriented fibrovascular ridges known as the palisades of Vogt that may harbour a stem cell population[WP]. An annular transitional zone, approximately 1 mm wide, between the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. It is highly vascular and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea. It is ophthalmologically significant in that it appears on the outer surface of the eyeball as a slight furrow, marking the line between the clear cornea and the sclera. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)[MeSH] Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus GAID:896 sclerocorneal limbus GAID:896 corneoscleral junction FMA:58342 corneal limbus PMID:17051547 corneal-scleral limbus FMA:58342 sclerocorneal junction Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus limbus corneae Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus limbus corneae suspensory ligament of lens FMA:58838 SCTID:362524000 The zonule of Zinn (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) is a ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. The zonule of Zinn is split into two layers: a thin layer, which lines the hyaloid fossa, and a thicker layer, which is a collection of zonular fibers. Together, the fibers are known as the suspensory ligament of the lens[WP]. Modified or toughened vitreous that suspend the lens at the equator to the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary zone. In zebrafish, dorsal zonules are thickened as compared to ventral zonules. In both dorsal and ventral regions, these fibers delimit the vitreous body aqueous humor boundary[ZFA]. UBERON:0006762 ZFA:0005573 Zinn's membrane ciliary zonule ciliary zonule suspensory ligament of the lens uberon zonula zonula ciliaris zonular fiber zonule zonule of Zinn zonules The zonule of Zinn (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) is a ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. The zonule of Zinn is split into two layers: a thin layer, which lines the hyaloid fossa, and a thicker layer, which is a collection of zonular fibers. Together, the fibers are known as the suspensory ligament of the lens[WP]. Modified or toughened vitreous that suspend the lens at the equator to the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary zone. In zebrafish, dorsal zonules are thickened as compared to ventral zonules. In both dorsal and ventral regions, these fibers delimit the vitreous body aqueous humor boundary[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn zonula ciliaris Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn zonula FMA:58838 zonule of Zinn Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn zonula ciliaris Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn ciliary zonule Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn zonular fiber ZFA Obol FMA:58838 ciliary zonule FMA ZFA:0005573 zonules Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn suspensory ligament of the lens FMA:58838 Zinn's membrane Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn zonule epithelium of conjunctiva BTO:0005131 EFO:0001916 FMA:62131 Layer of nonkeratinized squamous epithelium lining the conjunctiva, overlying scleral tissue UBERON:0006763 conjunctiva epithelium conjunctival epithelium ncithesaurus:Conjunctival_Epithelium uberon BTO:0005131 conjunctival epithelium BTO FMA:62131 conjunctiva epithelium FMA anterior communicating artery EHDAA2:0000586 EMAPA:18599 FMA:50169 In human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis. SCTID:181311009 UBERON:0006764 arteria communicans anterior ncithesaurus:Anterior_Communicating_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_communicating_artery arteria communicans anterior In human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis. Wikipedia:Anterior_communicating_artery left anterior vena cava EMAPA:18418 UBERON:0006765 uberon right anterior vena cava EMAPA:18419 FMA:4720 The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). Note that FMA:4720 is equivalent to both anterior vena cava and right anterior vena cava UBERON:0006766 uberon head of femur AAO:0000892 FMA:32851 MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.343 SCTID:361791000 The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone[Stedman, 26th ed]. The femur head is the highest part of the thigh bone. It is supported by the neck of the femur. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. Its surface is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. The head is removed in total hip replacement surgery [WP]. UBERON:0006767 acetabular head capital femoral epiphysis caput femoris femoral head femur head galen:FemoralHead ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Femur uberon FMA:32851 femoral head MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.343 femur head Wikipedia:Femur_head caput femoris AAO:0000892 acetabular head MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.343 The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone[Stedman, 26th ed]. The femur head is the highest part of the thigh bone. It is supported by the neck of the femur. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. Its surface is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. The head is removed in total hip replacement surgery [WP]. Wikipedia:Femur_head capital femoral epiphysis http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/capital+femoral+epiphysis AAO:0000892 Wikipedia:Femur_head caput femoris epiphyseal line FMA:9918 SCTID:333108008 UBERON:0006768 epiphysial junction line of bony union uberon FMA:9918 epiphysial junction FMA:9918 line of bony union apophysis FMA:75428 SCTID:65000005 UBERON:0006770 uberon long bone epiphyseal plate proliferative zone In this zone, chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis, forming distinctive looking stacks[WP] MA:0002976 UBERON:0006771 epiphyseal plate proliferative zone germinal layer of the epiphyseal plate where cells are actively dividing as well as producing extracellular matrix[MP]. uberon zone of proliferation MP:0003662 germinal layer of the epiphyseal plate where cells are actively dividing as well as producing extracellular matrix[MP]. MA:0002976 zone of proliferation long bone epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone MA:0002977 UBERON:0006772 epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone hypertrophic chondrocyte zone maturation zone note that there is also MA:0002849 the layer of the epiphyseal plate of a long bone where chondrocytes mature and enlarge[MP]. uberon zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes MP:0000165 hypertrophic chondrocyte zone MA:0002977 zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes MP:0000165 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3442184&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 the layer of the epiphyseal plate of a long bone where chondrocytes mature and enlarge[MP]. MA:0002977 maturation zone long bone epiphyseal plate ossification zone UBERON:0006773 epiphyseal plate ossification zone layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited[MP]. uberon MP:0006399 layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited[MP]. zone of epiphyseal plate UBERON:0006775 uberon annular epiphysis FMA:75792 UBERON:0006776 anular epiphysis note that here epiphysis means deriving from a separate ossification center secondary growth centers occurring as rings at the periphery of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body. uberon http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/epiphysis secondary growth centers occurring as rings at the periphery of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body. FMA:75792 anular epiphysis tectal plate FMA:77488 The term "tectal plate" (or "quadrigeminal plate") is used to describe the junction of the gray and white matter in the embryo. (NeuroNames ancil-453) UBERON:0006777 embryologic structure that is formed by two longitudinal eminences, one on each alar plate of the midbrain. These eminences become the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 )] lamina quadrigemina quadrigeminal plate uberon embryologic structure that is formed by two longitudinal eminences, one on each alar plate of the midbrain. These eminences become the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 )] http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?type=a&ID=453 FMA:77488 FMA:TA lamina quadrigemina FMA:77488 quadrigeminal plate superficial white layer of superior colliculus ABA:SCop FMA:71112 UBERON:0006779 lamina III of superior colliculus lamina colliculi superioris iii layer III of superior colliculus optic layer optic layer of superior colliculus stratum opticum colliculi superioris superficial white matter layer of superior collilculus that consists mainly of axions from the optic nerve. uberon FMA:71112 layer III of superior colliculus FMA:71112 FMA:TA lamina colliculi superioris iii FMA:71112 FMA:TA stratum opticum colliculi superioris Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit lamina III of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit superficial white matter layer of superior collilculus that consists mainly of axions from the optic nerve. FMA:71112 optic layer of superior colliculus FMA:71112 optic layer zonal layer of superior colliculus ABA:SCzo FMA:72406 UBERON:0006780 a thin layer consisting of small myelinated axons together with marginal and horizontal cells. lamina I of superior colliculus lamina colliculi superioris i layer I of superior colliculus stratum zonale of superior colliculus uberon FMA:72406 FMA:TA lamina colliculi superioris i Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit lamina I of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit a thin layer consisting of small myelinated axons together with marginal and horizontal cells. FMA:72406 stratum zonale of superior colliculus FMA:72406 layer I of superior colliculus stratum lemnisci of superior colliculus FMA:72408 UBERON:0006782 uberon layer of superior colliculus NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005033 The microstructure of the optic tectum / superior colliculus varies across species. As a general rule, there is always a clear distinction between superficial layers, which receive input primarily from the visual system and show primarily visual responses, and deeper layers, which receive many types of input and project to numerous motor-related brain areas. The distinction between these two zones is so clear and consistent that some anatomists have suggested that they should be considered separate brain structures. In mammals, neuroanatomists conventionally identify seven layers[WP]. UBERON:0006783 uberon The microstructure of the optic tectum / superior colliculus varies across species. As a general rule, there is always a clear distinction between superficial layers, which receive input primarily from the visual system and show primarily visual responses, and deeper layers, which receive many types of input and project to numerous motor-related brain areas. The distinction between these two zones is so clear and consistent that some anatomists have suggested that they should be considered separate brain structures. In mammals, neuroanatomists conventionally identify seven layers[WP]. Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit gray matter layer of superior colliculus FMA:77870 UBERON:0006785 uberon white matter layer of superior colliculus FMA:83899 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1023 UBERON:0006786 uberon middle white layer of superior colliculus FMA:71113 TAO:0001351 UBERON:0006787 ZFA:0001351 intermediate white layer intermediate white layer of superior colliculus lamina V of superior colliculus lamina colliculi superioris v layer V of superior colliculus stratum album intermediale of superior colliculus stratum medullare intermedium colliculi superioris uberon FMA:71113 FMA:TA stratum medullare intermedium colliculi superioris FMA:71113 intermediate white layer Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit lamina V of superior colliculus FMA:71113 FMA:TA lamina colliculi superioris v FMA:71113 layer V of superior colliculus FMA:71113 intermediate white layer of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit stratum album intermediale of superior colliculus middle gray layer of superior colliculus FMA:72409 TAO:0001350 UBERON:0006788 ZFA:0001350 intermediate gray layer intermediate grey layer of superior colliculus lamina IV of superior colliculus lamina colliculi superioris iv layer IV of superior colliculus stratum griseum intermediale of superior colliculus stratum griseum intermedium colliculi superioris uberon FMA:72409 FMA:TA lamina colliculi superioris iv FMA:72409 intermediate gray layer FMA:72409 intermediate grey layer of superior colliculus FMA:72409 layer IV of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit lamina IV of superior colliculus FMA:72409 FMA:TA stratum griseum intermedium colliculi superioris Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit stratum griseum intermediale of superior colliculus deep gray layer of superior colliculus FMA:72410 UBERON:0006789 deep grey layer of superior colliculus lamina VI of superior colliculus lamina colliculi superioris vi layer VI of superior colliculus stratum griseum profundum colliculi superioris stratum griseum profundum of superior colliculus uberon FMA:72410 layer VI of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit lamina VI of superior colliculus FMA:72410 FMA:TA lamina colliculi superioris vi FMA:72410 FMA:TA stratum griseum profundum colliculi superioris FMA:72410 deep grey layer of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit stratum griseum profundum of superior colliculus deep white layer of superior colliculus FMA:72416 TAO:0000494 UBERON:0006790 ZFA:0000494 deep white matter layer of superior collilculus that consists entirely of fibers. lamina VII of superior colliculus lamina colliculi superioris vii layer VII of superior colliculus stratum album profundum of superior colliculus uberon FMA:72416 layer VII of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit lamina VII of superior colliculus FMA:72416 FMA:TA lamina colliculi superioris vii Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit stratum album profundum of superior colliculus Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit deep white matter layer of superior collilculus that consists entirely of fibers. superficial layer of superior colliculus BM:MB-Tec-SCS TAO:0000686 UBERON:0006791 ZFA:0000686 uberon intermediate layer of superior colliculus BM:MB-Tec-SCI TAO:0000327 UBERON:0006792 ZFA:0000327 uberon deep layer of superior colliculus BM:MB-Tec-SCD UBERON:0006793 uberon visual processing part of nervous system GAID:1233 This grouping class is primarily to accommodate GO UBERON:0006794 optic lobe uberon GAID:1233 optic lobe arthropod optic lobe A region of the adult brain that processes the visual information from the compound eyes. FBbt:00003701 UBERON:0006795 optic lobe uberon A region of the adult brain that processes the visual information from the compound eyes. FBC:gg ISBN:978-3-11-014898-5 FBbt:00003701 optic lobe cephalopod optic lobe Large lobes of the brain associated with the eyes. In octopods and some squids the optic lobes may be separated from the rest of the brain by an optic stalk of varying length. In Octopus the optic lobes contain 92 million cells compared with only 42 million in the main central mass of the brain (J. Young, 1963) . UBERON:0006796 optic lobe uberon optic lobe Large lobes of the brain associated with the eyes. In octopods and some squids the optic lobes may be separated from the rest of the brain by an optic stalk of varying length. In Octopus the optic lobes contain 92 million cells compared with only 42 million in the main central mass of the brain (J. Young, 1963) . http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587 efferent nerve A group of neurons that provides a nervous signal to a tissue. AEO:0000202 EHDAA2:0003231 UBERON:0006798 uberon A group of neurons that provides a nervous signal to a tissue. AEO:JB glandular epithelium BTO:0002991 Editor notes: consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue Epithelium composed of secretory cells. UBERON:0006799 ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelial_Tissue ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelium uberon Epithelium composed of secretory cells. Online_Medical_Dictionary:http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/ anatomical line AAO:0010267 AEO:0000008 BILA:0000008 CARO:0000008 EHDAA2:0003008 FMA:9657 HAO:0000008 Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface. TAO:0001837 TGMA:0001828 UBERON:0006800 XAO:0004003 ZFA:0001689 uberon CARO:MAH Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface. head of humerus AAO:0000838 FMA:13304 Hemispherical ball located at the lower end of the humerus that stands out prominently from the surrounding structures toward the flexor surface of the forelimb and fits into the socket joint of the olecranon process. SCTID:181924000 UBERON:0006801 eminentia capitata galen:HeadOfHumerus humeral head ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Humerus radial condyle uberon AAO:0000838 radial condyle AAO:0000838 Hemispherical ball located at the lower end of the humerus that stands out prominently from the surrounding structures toward the flexor surface of the forelimb and fits into the socket joint of the olecranon process. FMA:13304 humeral head AAO:0000838 eminentia capitata acetabular rim AAO:0000864 Cartilaginous ring that forms the entire acetabular margin. FMA:16941 UBERON:0006802 uberon AAO:0000864 Cartilaginous ring that forms the entire acetabular margin. obturator foramen AAO:0000863 FMA:16999 SCTID:361777006 The obturator foramen is the hole created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and muscles pass. UBERON:0006803 foramen obturatorium foramen obturatum ncithesaurus:Obturator_Foramen uberon AAO Wikipedia:Obturator_foramen foramen obturatum The obturator foramen is the hole created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and muscles pass. Wikipedia:Obturator_foramen FMA:16999 foramen obturatorium reticular tissue AAO:0000542 FMA:20116 Loose connective tissue which consists of an irregular network of cells and reticular fibers and is spatially associated with myeloid and lymphoid cells. Examples: stroma of bone marrow, stroma of spleen, stroma of lymph node.[FMA] SCTID:57987007 UBERON:0006804 reticular connective tissue textus connectivus reticularis uberon FMA:20116 textus connectivus reticularis FMA:20116 FMA:FMA Loose connective tissue which consists of an irregular network of cells and reticular fibers and is spatially associated with myeloid and lymphoid cells. Examples: stroma of bone marrow, stroma of spleen, stroma of lymph node.[FMA] Wikipedia:Reticular_fiber FMA:20116 reticular connective tissue sternal end of clavicle AAO:0000812 FMA:23297 Medial end of the clavicle, which usually lies on the ventral side of the epicoracoid cartilage, just posterior to the epicoracoid bridge. SCTID:181920009 UBERON:0006805 extremitas medialis extremitas sternalis (Clavicula) medial end medial end of clavicle uberon FMA:23297 extremitas sternalis (Clavicula) AAO:0000812 medial end FMA:23297 medial end of clavicle AAO:0000812 Medial end of the clavicle, which usually lies on the ventral side of the epicoracoid cartilage, just posterior to the epicoracoid bridge. AAO:0000812 extremitas medialis medial epicondyle of humerus AAO:0000782 FMA:23441 SCTID:181929005 The medial epicondyle of the humerus, larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle, is directed a little backward. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is called ventral epicondyle of the humerus. It gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm. The ulnar nerve runs in a groove on the back of this epicondyle[WP]. Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus and medial to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the flexor muscles antogonistic to those that attach to the lateral epicondyle[AAO]. UBERON:0006806 e. medialis humeri elbow pit epicondylus medialis (Humerus) epicondylus medialis humeri medial epicondyle medial epicondyle of humerus uberon ulnar condyle of humerus ventral epicondyle of humerus Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus e. medialis humeri http://www.termiumplus.gc.ca ulnar condyle of humerus AAO:0000782 The medial epicondyle of the humerus, larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle, is directed a little backward. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is called ventral epicondyle of the humerus. It gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm. The ulnar nerve runs in a groove on the back of this epicondyle[WP]. Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus and medial to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the flexor muscles antogonistic to those that attach to the lateral epicondyle[AAO]. Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus medial epicondyle of humerus FMA:23441 epicondylus medialis (Humerus) Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus elbow pit FMA AAO:0000782 epicondylus medialis humeri AAO:0000782 medial epicondyle FMA Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus ventral epicondyle of humerus lateral epicondyle of humerus AAO:0000758 FMA:23442 SCTID:181933003 The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the Supinator and some of the Extensor muscles. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is termed dorsal epicondyle of the humerus[WP]. Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus (larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle) and lateral to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the mm extensor antebrachii et carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, and in part to the m extensor antebrachii et carpi ulnaris[AAO]. UBERON:0006807 dorsal epicondyle of the humerus e. lateralis humeri epicondylus lateralis (Humerus) epicondylus lateralis humeri uberon AAO:0000758 epicondylus lateralis humeri AAO:0000758 The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the Supinator and some of the Extensor muscles. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is termed dorsal epicondyle of the humerus[WP]. Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus (larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle) and lateral to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the mm extensor antebrachii et carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, and in part to the m extensor antebrachii et carpi ulnaris[AAO]. Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus e. lateralis humeri FMA:23442 epicondylus lateralis (Humerus) Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus dorsal epicondyle of the humerus FMA FMA supporting connective tissue Specialized connective tissue is a connective tissue, which consists of osteocytes and chondrocytes, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified or calcified.[FMA] UBERON:0006809 made obsolete because FMA:37374 is a General anatomical term rather than a true class in the FMA specialized connective tissue true uberon FMA:37374 specialized connective tissue FMA:37374 FMA:FMA Specialized connective tissue is a connective tissue, which consists of osteocytes and chondrocytes, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified or calcified.[FMA] olecranon AAO:0000843 Check AAO FMA:39795 SCTID:181949001 The olecranon is a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow. It is situated at the upper (proximal) end of the ulna, one of the two bones in the forearm. When the hand faces forward the olecranon faces towards the back (posteriorly). It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the olecranon fossa of the humerus in extension of the forearm. Its base is contracted where it joins the body and the narrowest part of the upper end of the ulna. Its posterior surface, directed backward, is triangular, smooth, subcutaneous, and covered by a bursa. Its superior surface is of quadrilateral form, marked behind by a rough impression for the insertion of the Triceps brachii; and in front, near the margin, by a slight transverse groove for the attachment of part of the posterior ligament of the elbow-joint. Its anterior surface is smooth, concave, and forms the upper part of the semilunar notch. Its borders present continuations of the groove on the margin of the superior surface; they serve for the attachment of ligaments, viz. , the back part of the ulnar collateral ligament medially, and the posterior ligament laterally. From the medial border a part of the Flexor carpi ulnaris arises; while to the lateral border the anconeus muscle is attached. UBERON:0006810 ncithesaurus:Olecranon olecranon process olecranon process of ulna uberon ulnar process The olecranon is a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow. It is situated at the upper (proximal) end of the ulna, one of the two bones in the forearm. When the hand faces forward the olecranon faces towards the back (posteriorly). It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the olecranon fossa of the humerus in extension of the forearm. Its base is contracted where it joins the body and the narrowest part of the upper end of the ulna. Its posterior surface, directed backward, is triangular, smooth, subcutaneous, and covered by a bursa. Its superior surface is of quadrilateral form, marked behind by a rough impression for the insertion of the Triceps brachii; and in front, near the margin, by a slight transverse groove for the attachment of part of the posterior ligament of the elbow-joint. Its anterior surface is smooth, concave, and forms the upper part of the semilunar notch. Its borders present continuations of the groove on the margin of the superior surface; they serve for the attachment of ligaments, viz. , the back part of the ulnar collateral ligament medially, and the posterior ligament laterally. From the medial border a part of the Flexor carpi ulnaris arises; while to the lateral border the anconeus muscle is attached. Wikipedia:Olecranon Wikipedia:Olecranon olecranon process of ulna Wikipedia:Olecranon olecranon process AAO:0000843 ulnar process occipital condyle AAO:0000330 FMA:52861 The occipital condyles are undersurface facets of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum. The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex from before backward and from side to side, and look downward and lateralward. To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlantoC6ccipital articulations, and on the medial side of each is a rough impression or tubercle for the alar ligament. At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal. UBERON:0006811 birds have a single occipital condyle[WP] condylus occipitalis uberon The occipital condyles are undersurface facets of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum. The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex from before backward and from side to side, and look downward and lateralward. To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlantoC6ccipital articulations, and on the medial side of each is a rough impression or tubercle for the alar ligament. At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal. Wikipedia:Occipital_condyle Wikipedia:Occipital_condyle condylus occipitalis mental foramen AAO:0000298 FMA:53171 SCTID:244686000 The mental foramen is one of two holes ("foramina") located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels. The mental foramen descends slightly in edentulous individuals. UBERON:0006812 foramen mentale foramen mentalis mental foramina uberon The mental foramen is one of two holes ("foramina") located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels. The mental foramen descends slightly in edentulous individuals. Wikipedia:Mental_foramen FMA Wikipedia:Mental_foramen foramen mentale OBOL:automatic mental foramina Wikipedia:Mental_foramen foramen mentalis nasal skeleton AAO:0000320 FMA:60116 SCTID:281486007 Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts. UBERON:0006813 skeleton of nose uberon AAO:0000320 Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts. FMA FMA:60116 skeleton of nose FMA areolar connective tissue AAO:0000027 FMA:63897 Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand.[FMA] SCTID:68477002 UBERON:0006815 consider adding separate class for LCT loose areolar connective tissue loose connective tissue ncithesaurus:Loose_Connective_Tissue uberon FMA:63897 FMA:FMA Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand.[FMA] AAO:0000027 loose connective tissue FMA:63897 loose areolar connective tissue body of sternum AAO - Proximal portion of the sternum, usually elaborated into a stylum that may be ossified. [AAO:0000939] AAO:0000939 FMA:7487 SCTID:361743001 The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end. UBERON:0006820 body of the sternum corpus sterni gladiolus of sternum mesosternum sternal body uberon FMA:7487 mesosternum FMA:7487 sternal body Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum body of the sternum The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end. Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum corpus sterni FMA:7487 gladiolus of sternum cutaneous muscle AAO:0000119 FMA:74996 UBERON:0006821 ncithesaurus:Cutaneous_Muscle uberon proximal epiphysis of ulna FMA:33751 SCTID:304590006 The head of ulna presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the triangular articular disk which separates it from the wrist-joint; the remaining portion, directed lateralward, is narrow, convex, and received into the ulnar notch of the radius. UBERON:0006822 caput ulnae caput ulnae galen:HeadOfUlna head of ulna proximal end of ulna uberon upper end of ulna FMA:33751 head of ulna FMA:33751 FMA:TA caput ulnae Wikipedia:Head_of_ulna caput ulnae FMA:33751 proximal end of ulna The head of ulna presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the triangular articular disk which separates it from the wrist-joint; the remaining portion, directed lateralward, is narrow, convex, and received into the ulnar notch of the radius. Wikipedia:Head_of_ulna FMA:33751 upper end of ulna trabecula carnea of atrium Dubious: Not present in any AO. Note that WP states that trabecular carnea are ventricular and 'They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right[1] and left atria only' UBERON:0006828 the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria[MP]. uberon MP:0010581 the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria[MP]. remnant of left anterior vena cava . The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). UBERON:0006829 uberon . Wikipedia:Persistent_left_superior_vena_cava pre-tracheal muscle EMAPA:25142 MA:0001798 UBERON:0006831 pretracheal muscle uberon MA:0001798 pretracheal muscle lumen of open tracheal system trachea FBbt:00007410 UBERON:0006832 tracheal lumen uberon FBbt:00007410 tracheal lumen lumen of trachea FMA:7469 SCTID:197486000 UBERON:0006833 lumen of cartilaginous trachea tracheal lumen uberon FMA:7469 tracheal lumen OBOL:automatic lumen of cartilaginous trachea uterus or analog An internal female reproductive organ that is the site of embryo development. FBbt:00004924 TADS:0000421 UBERON:0006834 WBbt:0006760 uberon uterus FBbt:00004924 uterus arthropod oviduct A tube that connects ovary to the uterus. FBbt:00004911 TADS:0000415 UBERON:0006835 uberon FBbt A tube that connects ovary to the uterus. TADS:0000415 medial tibial tarsal bone AAO: One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The tibiale constitutes the postaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the fibulare. todo - check grouping AAO:0000912 Endochondral tarsal bone that is medially located and between the intermedium and centralia. MA:0001350 UBERON:0006836 VSAO:0005048 tibiale uberon Endochondral tarsal bone that is medially located and between the intermedium and centralia. VSAO:0005048 AAO:0000912 MA:0001350 tibiale tegmen tympani AAO:0000116 FMA:56002 The Tegmental Wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis) is formed by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, which separates the cranial and tympanic cavities. It is situated on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone close to its angle of junction with the squama temporalis; it is prolonged backward so as to roof in the tympanic antrum, and forward to cover in the semicanal for the Tensor tympani muscle. Its lateral edge corresponds with the remains of the petrosquamous suture[Grays] . UBERON:0006837 crista parotica crista prootica paries tegmentalis cavi tympani processus muscularis capsulae auditivae processus squamosus tegmental roof of tympanic cavity tegmental wall of tympanic cavity todo - check AAO; grouping is made on basis of related synonym. Crista parotica: seems to be the same as the crista prootica. However, since this lateral ridge of the otic capsule is frequently formed by the opisthotic, rather than the prootic, this may be a better name.; Crista prootica: a ledge or ridge which elaborates the dorsal surface of the prootic or, more generally, the roof of the otic capsule, laterally. The crista may extend posteriorly & laterally, continuous with the paroccipital process, and/or anteriorly or anteroventrally to protect cranial nerve foramina and form part of the fenestra ovalis/vestibuli. In basal tetrapodomorphs and tetrapods, the crista prootica forms the floor of the posttemporal fenestra. See The Prootic. In many tetrapods, the crista prootica is not ossified, or incompletely ossified. However, in frogs, the crista is the main strut joining the skull roofing bones (frontoparietals) with the squamosals. The crista prootica has a similarly expanded role in mammals where it forms an important part of the epitympanic recess and anchors the tympanohyal.[http://www.palaeos.com] uberon FMA:56002 FMA:TA paries tegmentalis cavi tympani The Tegmental Wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis) is formed by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, which separates the cranial and tympanic cavities. It is situated on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone close to its angle of junction with the squama temporalis; it is prolonged backward so as to roof in the tympanic antrum, and forward to cover in the semicanal for the Tensor tympani muscle. Its lateral edge corresponds with the remains of the petrosquamous suture[Grays] . http://education.yahoo.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject/230 FMA:56002 tegmental roof of tympanic cavity AAO:0000116 crista parotica AAO:0000116 processus squamosus FMA:56002 tegmental wall of tympanic cavity AAO:0000116 crista prootica http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/GlossaryCr.html AAO:0000116 processus muscularis capsulae auditivae anterior ramus of spinal nerve FMA:5982 The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. In the thoracic region they remain distinct from each other and each innervates a narrow strip of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall. These rami are called the intercostal nerves. In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called nerve plexuses. Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexuses is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb. There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami: The cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C5. Branches of the cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest. The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L4-S4. The lumbar and sacral plexuses innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. The Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments and joints other spinal nerves to form the lumbo-sacral plexus. UBERON:0006838 anterior primary ramus of spinal nerve ramus anterior ramus anterior nervi spinalis uberon ventral ramus of spinal nerve The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. In the thoracic region they remain distinct from each other and each innervates a narrow strip of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall. These rami are called the intercostal nerves. In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called nerve plexuses. Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexuses is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb. There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami: The cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C5. Branches of the cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest. The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L4-S4. The lumbar and sacral plexuses innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. The Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments and joints other spinal nerves to form the lumbo-sacral plexus. Wikipedia:Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve FMA:5982 ramus anterior Wikipedia:Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve ramus anterior nervi spinalis FMA:5982 anterior primary ramus of spinal nerve FMA:5982 ventral ramus of spinal nerve posterior ramus of spinal nerve AAO:0010800 FMA:5983 The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. They are also referred to as the dorsal rami. They are directed backward, and, with the exceptions of those of the first cervical, the fourth and fifth sacral, and the coccygeal, divide into medial and lateral branches for the supply of the muscles and skin of the posterior part of the trunk. Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and rami communicantes. Each of these latter three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Because each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, spinal nerves are referred to as bmixed nerves. b Dorsal rami carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back. Dorsal rami remain distinct from each other, and each innervates a narrow strip of skin and muscle along the back, more or less at the level from which the ramus leaves the spinal nerve. The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the deep (true) muscles of the back. The medial branch (rami medialis) of the dorsal primary ramus also supplies articular branches to the zygopophyseal joints and the periosteum of the vertebral arch. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch continues through the deep and superficial back muscles to supply overlying skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does this. Nomina Anatomica lists dorsal primary rami as "rami dorsales" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium), and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei). Synonyms: ramus dorsalis nervorum spinalium, ramus dorsalis, rami posteriores nervorum spinalium, dorsal branch, posterior primary division. UBERON:0006839 dorsal ramus dorsal ramus of spinal nerve posterior primary ramus ramus posterior ramus posterior nervi spinalis uberon FMA:5983 posterior primary ramus FMA:5983 ramus posterior FMA:5983 dorsal ramus of spinal nerve The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. They are also referred to as the dorsal rami. They are directed backward, and, with the exceptions of those of the first cervical, the fourth and fifth sacral, and the coccygeal, divide into medial and lateral branches for the supply of the muscles and skin of the posterior part of the trunk. Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and rami communicantes. Each of these latter three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Because each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, spinal nerves are referred to as bmixed nerves. b Dorsal rami carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back. Dorsal rami remain distinct from each other, and each innervates a narrow strip of skin and muscle along the back, more or less at the level from which the ramus leaves the spinal nerve. The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the deep (true) muscles of the back. The medial branch (rami medialis) of the dorsal primary ramus also supplies articular branches to the zygopophyseal joints and the periosteum of the vertebral arch. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch continues through the deep and superficial back muscles to supply overlying skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does this. Nomina Anatomica lists dorsal primary rami as "rami dorsales" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium), and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei). Synonyms: ramus dorsalis nervorum spinalium, ramus dorsalis, rami posteriores nervorum spinalium, dorsal branch, posterior primary division. Wikipedia:Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve FMA:5983 dorsal ramus Wikipedia:Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve ramus posterior nervi spinalis nucleus of lateral lemniscus ABA:NLL EV:0100265 FMA:84025 SCTID:369023003 TAO:0000380 UBERON:0006840 ZFA:0000380 lateral lemniscus nuclei not clear if the ZFA class denotes the same entity; check relationship to midbrain tegmentum - this leads to inconsistency with ABA. The FMA class should represnet the grouping, but there is no FMA class for the singular at the moment nuclei lemnisci lateralis nuclei of lateral lemniscus uberon ZFA:0000380 lateral lemniscus nuclei FMA:84025 nuclei of lateral lemniscus FMA:84025 FMA:TA nuclei lemnisci lateralis central vein of liver FMA:17544 SCTID:272023004 TAO:0005168 UBERON:0006841 Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. ZFA:0005168 terminal branch of hepatic vein terminal hepatic venule uberon vena centralis (Hepar) Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. ZFA:0005168 FMA:17544 vena centralis (Hepar) FMA:17544 terminal hepatic venule FMA:17544 terminal branch of hepatic vein lymphatic capillary FMA:5028 Microvessel of the lymphatic system lined with a single layer of overlapping endothelial cells. Joins to form the lymphatic vessels. TAO:0005252 UBERON:0006842 ZFA:0005252 lymph capillary ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Capillary todo - check superclass uberon FMA:5028 lymph capillary FMA Microvessel of the lymphatic system lined with a single layer of overlapping endothelial cells. Joins to form the lymphatic vessels. ZFA:0005252 ZFA root of cranial nerve Editor note: recommend asserting under this class rather than relying on inference, as relations may change FMA:52609 SCTID:280161004 TAO:0002190 UBERON:0006843 ZFA:0001663 cranial nerve root cranial neural root uberon FMA:52609 cranial neural root FMA:52609 cranial nerve root cusp of tooth Acellular anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, prominence, or point that is part of the surface of a tooth. FMA:56481 SCTID:362107000 TAO:0001973 UBERON:0006844 ZFA:0005434 ncithesaurus:Tooth_Cusp tooth cusp uberon Acellular anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, prominence, or point that is part of the surface of a tooth. ZFA:0005434 FMA:56481 tooth cusp abductor muscle A muscle that moves a body part away from the sagittal plane/midline of the body[ZFA]. For example, the abductor muscles of the legs spread the legs away from the midline and away from one another. An abductor muscle opposes an adductor muscle[BTO]. BTO:0004642 FMA:74997 TAO:0002135 UBERON:0006845 ZFA:0005269 note that in FMA the Adbuctor muscle is a subclass of Relation. It's unclear what this actually means, we leave it here as a grouping for now uberon A muscle that moves a body part away from the sagittal plane/midline of the body[ZFA]. For example, the abductor muscles of the legs spread the legs away from the midline and away from one another. An abductor muscle opposes an adductor muscle[BTO]. ZFA:0005269 groove AAO:0010276 AEO:0000161 Anatomical line that delineates a furrow or depression in an organ or tissue. EHDAA2:0003161 FMA:75037 TAO:0001838 UBERON:0006846 ZFA:0001690 uberon Anatomical line that delineates a furrow or depression in an organ or tissue. ZFA:0001690 cerebellar commissure FMA:77522 TAO:0000490 UBERON:0006847 ZFA:0000490 commissura cerebelli uberon ZFA:0000490 commissura cerebelli posterior pretectal nucleus ABA:PPT Diencephalic nucleus that is part of the superficial pretectum and is rostrally contiguous with the magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. Cells of the caudal pretectal nucleus are slightly smaller and less orderly around a central neuropil than those of the magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. FMA:84355 TAO:0000631 UBERON:0006848 ZFA:0000631 caudal pretectal nuclei posterior pretectal nucleus uberon ZFA:0000631 posterior pretectal nucleus ZFA:0000631 caudal pretectal nuclei Diencephalic nucleus that is part of the superficial pretectum and is rostrally contiguous with the magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. Cells of the caudal pretectal nucleus are slightly smaller and less orderly around a central neuropil than those of the magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. ZFA:0000631 scapula Endochondral bone that is dorsoventrally compressed and provides attachment site for muscles of the pectoral appendage. MESH:A.02.835.232.087.783 UBERON:0006849 Usage notes: this class subsumes the scapula of teleosts and tetrapods - note we create a specific subclasses for pectoral limb scapula and pectoral fin scapula VHOG:0001398 scapula bone scapulae uberon Endochondral bone that is dorsoventrally compressed and provides attachment site for muscles of the pectoral appendage. VSAO:0000157 ZFA:0000583 scapulae ZFA TAO BTO:0001218 scapula bone ZFA-abduced tetrapod pectoral girdle UBERON:0006850 true uberon renal cortex peritubular capillary MA:0002590 UBERON:0006851 uberon glomerular visceral epithelium EMAPA:28254 MA:0002607 UBERON:0006852 podocyte layer uberon MA:0002607 podocyte layer renal cortex tubule EMAPA:18976 MA:0002609 UBERON:0006853 uberon MA distal straight tubule postmacula segment . EMAPA:28402 MA:0002615 UBERON:0006854 cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop kidney cortex loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment renal cortex loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment renal cortex thick ascending limb uberon . https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3123598&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 MA MA:th renal cortex loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment MA:th renal cortex thick ascending limb MA:th cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop MA:th kidney cortex loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment MA ureter muscle layer FMA:15893 MA:0002654 SCTID:3563003 UBERON:0006855 muscular coat of ureter muscular layer of ureter muscularis of ureter tunica muscularis (ureter) tunica muscularis ureteris uberon FMA FMA:TA tunica muscularis (ureter) FMA:TA tunica muscularis ureteris FMA:15893 muscular coat of ureter FMA:15893 muscular layer of ureter FMA:15893 muscularis of ureter interrenal gland BTO:0000808 Editor notes: check isa - not a true gland? There are two types of interrenal cells identified (1) The noradrenaline type, which contain heterogeneous vesicles with electron-dense granules located asymmetrically within the vesicular membrane. (2) The adrenaline type, in which the vesicles are smaller and contain homogenous electron-lucent granules that are separated from the vesicular membrane by a visible -- halo http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/10/2107.full GAID:1227 MESH:A.13.530 Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the head kidney. TAO:0001345 UBERON:0006856 VHOG:0001141 ZFA:0001345 interrenal interrenal bodies interrenal body interrenal gland interrenal tissue uberon BTO:0000808 interrenal body ZFA http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/10/2107.full interrenal BTO:0000808 Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the head kidney. doi:10.1242/dev.00427 UBERONREF:0000002 check body vs gland ZFA interrenal primordium Development notes: splanchnic mesoderm adjacent to urogenital ridge. Editor notes: consider ceding to TAO/ZFA - however, structure also present in cyclostomes TAO:0001346 UBERON:0006857 ZFA:0001346 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-060131-24 uberon ZFA Obol adrenal/interrenal gland Editor notes: keep this grouping class so long as it is required for GO This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO] UBERON:0006858 VHOG:0001141 adrenal gland - interrenal gland adrenal gland/interrenal tissue uberon VHOG:0001141 adrenal gland - interrenal gland GO:0030325 This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO] swim bladder bud Embryonic structure that forms from the anterior gut epithelium at the level of the second somite that then matures to form the swim bladder. TAO:0005335 UBERON:0006859 ZFA:0005335 uberon Embryonic structure that forms from the anterior gut epithelium at the level of the second somite that then matures to form the swim bladder. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-090511-18 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-100202-11 swim bladder A thin membranous, sometimes alveolated sac in the dorsal portion of the abdominal cavity. Contains a varying mixture of gases, not identical to the composition of air. May be one, two or three chambered. May be connected to the gut by a tube, the ductus pneumaticus (then called physostomous) or unconnected (then called physoclistous). May function as one or more of:- hydrostatic organ, sound producing organ, sound receptor, respiratory organ. Found in Actinopterygii. Often lacking in bottom fishes. BTO:0001607 BTO:0002148 EFO:0003483 SCTID:64748009 TAO:0000076 UBERON:0006860 UBERON:0008980 VHOG:0000310 ZFA:0000076 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-010921-495 gas bladder uberon ZFA:0000076 gas bladder http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/S.htm A thin membranous, sometimes alveolated sac in the dorsal portion of the abdominal cavity. Contains a varying mixture of gases, not identical to the composition of air. May be one, two or three chambered. May be connected to the gut by a tube, the ductus pneumaticus (then called physostomous) or unconnected (then called physoclistous). May function as one or more of:- hydrostatic organ, sound producing organ, sound receptor, respiratory organ. Found in Actinopterygii. Often lacking in bottom fishes. http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/S.htm diaphysis proper FMA:32688 MA:0002803 Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between two metaphyses. The MA class is placed here because we assume it means diaphysis proper, because in MA epiphysis is not part of MA:0002803 UBERON:0006861 body proper of long bone long bone diaphysis shaft proper of long bone uberon FMA:32688 shaft proper of long bone FMA:32688 body proper of long bone MA:0002803 long bone diaphysis Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between two metaphyses. UBERON:cjm diaphysis of femur FMA:32847 SCTID:182048009 UBERON:0006862 body of femur corpus femoris femoral diaphysis shaft of femur uberon FMA:32847 FMA:TA corpus femoris FMA:32847 shaft of femur FMA:32847 body of femur FMA:32847 femoral diaphysis proximal metaphysis of femur FMA:32878 UBERON:0006863 uberon distal metaphysis of femur FMA:32881 UBERON:0006864 uberon metaphysis of femur FMA:32875 UBERON:0006865 femoral metaphysis uberon FMA:32875 femoral metaphysis terminal part of digestive tract FBbt:00005756 UBERON:0006866 WBbt:0005773 uberon anal part of perineum FMA:20347 SCTID:243995004 The anal triangle is the posterior part of the perineum. It contains the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0006867 anal region anal triangle regio analis regio analis uberon FMA:20347 anal region The anal triangle is the posterior part of the perineum. It contains the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anal_triangle Wikipedia:Anal_triangle regio analis FMA:20347 anal triangle FMA:20347 FMA:TA regio analis seminal fluid secreting gland FBbt:00004958 UBERON:0006868 WBbt:0006870 uberon electric organ A specialized tract of tissue (as in the electric eel) in which electricity is generated. BTO:0000376 GAID:1210 MESH:A.13.332 UBERON:0006869 todo - request go term for function assignment; todo - add CL term for electrocyte // modified muscle or nerve cells, which became specialized for producing bioelectric fields stronger than those that normal nerves or muscles produce (Albert and Crampton, 2006) uberon A specialized tract of tissue (as in the electric eel) in which electricity is generated. BTO:0000376 Wikipedia:Electric_organ endostyle ANISEED:1235299 An endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. It is also called the hypopharyngeal groove. The endostyle in larval lampreys (ammocetes) metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates. However, Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates. Since the endostyle is found in the three branches of chordates, it is presumed to have arisen in the common ancestor of these taxa, along with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water. BTO:0003173 Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates[WP]. UBERON:0006870 hypopharyngeal groove uberon http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html An endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. It is also called the hypopharyngeal groove. The endostyle in larval lampreys (ammocetes) metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates. However, Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates. Since the endostyle is found in the three branches of chordates, it is presumed to have arisen in the common ancestor of these taxa, along with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water. Wikipedia:Endostyle BTO:0003173 hypopharyngeal groove footplate EHDAA:5143 EHDAA:6096 EMAPA:17249 UBERON:0004343 UBERON:0006871 foot disk foot plate ncithesaurus:Foot_Plate uberon handplate apical ectodermal ridge EHDAA2:0000729 EMAPA:17247 UBERON:0006872 uberon handplate EHDAA:4194 EHDAA:6242 EMAPA:17245 UBERON:0006875 hand plate ncithesaurus:Hand_Plate uberon vasculature of organ FMA:74612 UBERON:0006876 organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ uberon FMA:74612 organ vasculature FMA:74612 set of blood vessels of organ vasculature of liver EHDAA2:0003454 FMA:73748 UBERON:0006877 hepatic vasculature liver vascular system the EHDAA2 term and the FMA term may not be exact equivalents - check uberon EHDAA2:0003454 liver vascular system FMA:73748 hepatic vasculature decidua parietalis BTO:0000334 FMA:86479 SCTID:255413006 The part of the decidua in the pregnant human female lining the uterus. UBERON:0006878 decidua vera ncithesaurus:Decidua_Parietalis uberon Fast_Health_Medical_Dictionary:http://www.fasthealth.com/dictionary/ The part of the decidua in the pregnant human female lining the uterus. BTO:0000334 decidua vera head mesenchyme from mesoderm AAO:0011051 EFO:0003337 EFO:0003603 EHDAA2:0001118 EHDAA:655 EMAPA:16099 EMAPA:16270 Editor note: merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements UBERONREF:0000002 NC meeting scheme TAO:0000998 UBERON:0006904 VHOG:0000185 XAO:0000053 ZFA:0000998 cranial mesoderm head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm head mesenchyme from head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm head mesoderm mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm mesenchyme from head mesoderm uberon EHDAA2:0001118 head mesenchyme from head mesoderm EHDAA2 EHDAA:1057 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm ZFA UBERON:0005280 cranial mesoderm EHDAA2 XAO AAO:0011051 UBERON:0005280 head mesoderm mandibular process mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001062 EHDAA:5861 EHDAA:5873 EMAPA:17357 UBERON:0006905 mesenchyme of mandibular process mesenchyme of mandibular prominence uberon EMAPA:17357 mesenchyme of mandibular process UBERON:cjm mesenchyme of mandibular prominence ala of nose FMA:59519 The lateral surface of the external nose ends below in a rounded eminence, the wing of the nose. It is elevated by the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle[WP]. the tissue comprising the lateral boundary of the nose, inferiorly, surrounding the naris[EoM]. UBERON:0006906 ala nasi ala of the nose nasal ala uberon wing of nose wing of the nose wings of the nose FMA:59519 nasal ala Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose wing of the nose The lateral surface of the external nose ends below in a rounded eminence, the wing of the nose. It is elevated by the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle[WP]. the tissue comprising the lateral boundary of the nose, inferiorly, surrounding the naris[EoM]. Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.a.32600/full Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose ala nasi Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose ala of the nose Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose ala nasi Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose wings of the nose Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose wing of nose slow muscle tissue BTO:0002317 The darker-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of slow twitch muscle fibers. The fast and slow skeletal muscles are different in terms of twitching speed (Fitts 1994), and they are believed to be derived from distinct myogenic precursors (Stockdale 1992) UBERON:0006907 red muscle slow muscle slow skeletal muscle tissue uberon BTO:0002317 The darker-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of slow twitch muscle fibers. BTO:0002317 red muscle BTO:0002317 slow muscle fast muscle tissue BTO:0002318 The fast and slow skeletal muscles are different in terms of twitching speed (Fitts 1994), and they are believed to be derived from distinct myogenic precursors (Stockdale 1992) The paler-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of fast twitch muscle fibers. UBERON:0006908 fast muscle fast skeletal muscle tissue uberon white muscle BTO:0002318 The paler-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of fast twitch muscle fibers. BTO:0002318 white muscle BTO:0002318 fast muscle lumen of gut BTO:0000349 FMA:45677 UBERON:0006909 digestive tract lumen gut cavity gut lumen lumen of alimentary tract lumen of digestive tract uberon UBERON:cjm lumen of digestive tract UBERON:cjm digestive tract lumen BTO:0000349 gut cavity FMA:45677 gut lumen UBERON:cjm lumen of alimentary tract digestive system fluid or secretion BTO:0000346 MA:0002512 UBERON:0006911 uberon urinary bladder muscularis mucosa EMAPA:28619 MA:0002490 UBERON:0006912 muscularis mucosa of bladder muscularis mucosa of urinary bladder ncithesaurus:Bladder_Muscularis_Mucosa uberon EMAPA:28619 muscularis mucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic muscularis mucosa of urinary bladder lip epithelium BTO:0004468 TAO:0005334 UBERON:0006913 ZFA:0005334 uberon squamous epithelium BTO:0002072 Epithelium composed of flattened platelike cells. SCTID:40118003 UBERON:0006914 ncithesaurus:Squamous_Epithelium uberon Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource Epithelium composed of flattened platelike cells. stratified squamous epithelium FMA:45563 Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA] UBERON:0006915 epithelium stratificatum squamosum ncithesaurus:Stratified_Squamous_Epithelium uberon FMA:45563 epithelium stratificatum squamosum FMA:45563 Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA] non-keratinized epithelium of tongue FMA:62130 UBERON:0006916 uberon parakeratinized epithelium of tongue FMA:74908 UBERON:0006918 uberon tongue squamous epithelium MA:0002786 UBERON:0006919 note this is a singleton subclass of tongue epithelium in MA squamous epithelium of tongue uberon OBOL:automatic squamous epithelium of tongue esophagus squamous epithelium BTO:0003635 MA introduces basal and squamous subtypes of esophagus epithelium; consider adding the FMA class 'epithelium of esophagus' here, because it is classified as squamous. BTO also has a singleton subclass MA:0001567 UBERON:0006920 esophageal squamous epithelium ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Squamous_Epithelium squamous epithelium of esophagus squamous oesophageal epithelium uberon OBOL:automatic squamous epithelium of esophagus OBOL:automatic esophageal squamous epithelium MA:0001567 squamous oesophageal epithelium stomach squamous epithelium MA:0001611 UBERON:0006921 uberon cervix squamous epithelium MA:0001725 UBERON:0006922 ncithesaurus:Cervix_Squamous_Epithelium uberon vagina squamous epithelium MA:0001731 UBERON:0006923 ncithesaurus:Vaginal_Squamous_Epithelium note that this is a singleton subclass of vagina epithelium in MA uberon vaginal squamous epithelium stomach glandular epithelium A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. EMAPA:17623 Editor notes: we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland. Consider also: stomach glandular region as a part-of parent FMA:63458 MA:0002784 UBERON:0006924 epithelium of gastric gland uberon FMA:63458 epithelium of gastric gland A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. ISBN10:0073040584 FMA digestive gland A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion. AAO:0000130 BTO:0000345 UBERON:0006925 digestive system gland uberon AAO:0000130 digestive system gland A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion. The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language:Fourth_Edition._2000. glandular columnar epithelium FMA:64800 Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA] UBERON:0006929 ncithesaurus:Columnar_Epithelium uberon FMA:64800 Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA] glandular cuboidal epithelium FMA:66809 UBERON:0006930 uberon stomach glandular region mucosa AO notes: MA also has 'stomach glandular region' MA:0001614 UBERON:0006931 uberon vestibular epithelium FMA:75606 MA:0002892 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000834 UBERON:0006932 epithelium of vestibular labyrinth inner ear vestibular component epithelium uberon vestibular sensory epithelium FMA:75606 vestibular sensory epithelium RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000834 inner ear vestibular component epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of vestibular labyrinth sensory epithelium FMA:62410 SCTID:309045006 Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue. UBERON:0006934 neuroepithelium note that the definition sourced from Dorlands say 'simple columnar', but FMA says atypical uberon BTO:0000314 neuroepithelium BTO:0000314 Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue. crista ampullaris neuroepithelium FMA:75636 MA:0002870 UBERON:0006935 ampullary crest neuroepithelium epithelium of crista of ampulla of semicircular duct of membranous labyrinth uberon MA FMA FMA:75636 epithelium of crista of ampulla of semicircular duct of membranous labyrinth MA:0002870 ampullary crest neuroepithelium thymus subcapsular epithelium MA:0000769 UBERON:0006936 todo - check whether this is part of the thymus or borders it uberon inner ear epithelium MA:0001189 UBERON:0006937 uberon pinna surface epithelium EHDAA2:0001470 EHDAA:8983 EMAPA:17592 UBERON:0006938 VHOG:0000632 uberon efferent duct AAO:0010532 AO notes: Check EMAPA. Taxon notes: There are two basic designs for efferent ductule structure: a) multiple entries into the epididymis, as seen in most large mammals. In humans and other large mammals, there are approximately 15-20 efferent ducts, which also occupy nearly one third of the head of the epididymis. b) single entry, as seen in most small animals such as rodents, whereby the 3-6 ductules merge into a single small ductule prior to entering the epididymis EMAPA:18993 FMA:19081 MA:0000398 The efferent ducts (or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes) connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis. The ductuli are unilaminar and composed of columnar ciliated and non-ciliated (absorptive) cells. The ciliated cells serve to stir the luminal fluids, possibly to help ensure homogeneous absorption of water from the fluid produced by the testis, which results in an increase in the concentration of luminal sperm. The epithelium is surrounded by a band of smooth muscle that helps to propel the sperm toward the epididymis. UBERON:0006946 ductuli efferentes testis efferent ductule ncithesaurus:Efferent_Ductule uberon vasa efferentia The efferent ducts (or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes) connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis. The ductuli are unilaminar and composed of columnar ciliated and non-ciliated (absorptive) cells. The ciliated cells serve to stir the luminal fluids, possibly to help ensure homogeneous absorption of water from the fluid produced by the testis, which results in an increase in the concentration of luminal sperm. The epithelium is surrounded by a band of smooth muscle that helps to propel the sperm toward the epididymis. Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts AAO:0010532 Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts vasa efferentia FMA Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts ductuli efferentes testis Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts ductuli efferentes testis Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts efferent ductule FMA:19081 efferent ductule male genital duct A duct or series of ducts that transports sperm from the gonad. In mammals this is from the seminiferous tubules through rete testis, vas efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens, ejeculatory duct to the urethra. FMA:55678 TAO:0001268 Taxon notes: we use this as a generic grouping class for a number of taxa. AO notes: in FMA includes as parts: seminal vesicle, efferent ductule (vas efferentia), epididymis, deferent duct (vas deferens), ejaculatory duct UBERON:0006947 UBERON:0010140 ZFA:0001268 sperm duct uberon ZFA:0001268 sperm duct A duct or series of ducts that transports sperm from the gonad. In mammals this is from the seminiferous tubules through rete testis, vas efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens, ejeculatory duct to the urethra. UBERON:cjm efferent duct epithelium FMA:19195 MA:0001734 UBERON:0006948 epithelium of efferent ductule of testis uberon FMA:19195 epithelium of efferent ductule of testis cervical loop The cervical loop is the location on an enamel organ in a developing tooth where the outer enamel epithelium and the inner enamel epithelium join. The cervical loop is a histologic term indicating a specific epithelial structure at the apical side of the tooth germ, consisting of loosely aggregated stellate reticulum in the center surrounded by stratum intermedium. These tissues are enveloped by a basal layer of epithelium known on the outside of the tooth as outer enamel epithelium and on the inside as inner enamel epithelium. During root formation the inner layers of epithelium disappear and only the basal layers are left creating Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS). At this point it is usually referred to as HERS instead of the cervical loop to indicate the structural difference[WP]. UBERON:0006949 uberon The cervical loop is the location on an enamel organ in a developing tooth where the outer enamel epithelium and the inner enamel epithelium join. The cervical loop is a histologic term indicating a specific epithelial structure at the apical side of the tooth germ, consisting of loosely aggregated stellate reticulum in the center surrounded by stratum intermedium. These tissues are enveloped by a basal layer of epithelium known on the outside of the tooth as outer enamel epithelium and on the inside as inner enamel epithelium. During root formation the inner layers of epithelium disappear and only the basal layers are left creating Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS). At this point it is usually referred to as HERS instead of the cervical loop to indicate the structural difference[WP]. Wikipedia:Cervical_loop stellate reticulum BTO:0003910 The stellate reticulum is a group of cells located in the center of the enamel organ of a developing tooth. These cells are star shaped and synthesize glycosaminoglycans. As glycosamingoglycans are produced, water is drawn in between the cells and stretch them apart. As they are moved further away from one another, the stellate reticulum maintain contact with one another through desmosomes, resulting in their unique appearance. stellate reticulum is lost after the first layer of dentin is laid down. this brings cells in inner enamel epithelium closer to blood vessels at the periphery[WP]. UBERON:0006950 UBERON:0007441 ncithesaurus:Stellate_Reticulum reticulum stellatum uberon The stellate reticulum is a group of cells located in the center of the enamel organ of a developing tooth. These cells are star shaped and synthesize glycosaminoglycans. As glycosamingoglycans are produced, water is drawn in between the cells and stretch them apart. As they are moved further away from one another, the stellate reticulum maintain contact with one another through desmosomes, resulting in their unique appearance. stellate reticulum is lost after the first layer of dentin is laid down. this brings cells in inner enamel epithelium closer to blood vessels at the periphery[WP]. Wikipedia:Stellate_reticulum Wikipedia:Stellate_reticulum reticulum stellatum BTO inner dental epithelium BTO:0003463 Inner layer of the dental organ, composed of ameloblasts[ZFA]. The inner enamel epithelium, also known as the internal enamel epithelium, is a layer of cells located on the rim nearest the dental papilla of the enamel organ in a developing tooth. This layer is first seen during the bell stage. The location of the enamel organ where the outer and inner enamel epithelium join is called the cervical loop[WP]. TAO:0005136 UBERON:0006951 ZFA:0005136 epithelium enameleum internum inner enamel epithelium ncithesaurus:Inner_Enamel_Epithelium uberon ZFA Wikipedia:Inner_enamel_epithelium epithelium enameleum internum ZFA:0005136 inner enamel epithelium Inner layer of the dental organ, composed of ameloblasts[ZFA]. The inner enamel epithelium, also known as the internal enamel epithelium, is a layer of cells located on the rim nearest the dental papilla of the enamel organ in a developing tooth. This layer is first seen during the bell stage. The location of the enamel organ where the outer and inner enamel epithelium join is called the cervical loop[WP]. Wikipedia:Inner_enamel_epithelium ZFIN:curator outer dental epithelium BTO:0003462 Outer layer of the dental organ[ZFA]. a layer of cuboidal cells located on the periphery of the enamel organ in a developing tooth. This layer is first seen during the bell stage. TAO:0005137 UBERON:0006952 ZFA:0005137 epithelium enameleum externum external dental epithelium external enamel epithelium ncithesaurus:Outer_Enamel_Epithelium outer enamel epithelium uberon BTO:0003462 external dental epithelium Wikipedia:Outer_enamel_epithelium epithelium enameleum externum OBOL:automatic outer enamel epithelium Outer layer of the dental organ[ZFA]. a layer of cuboidal cells located on the periphery of the enamel organ in a developing tooth. This layer is first seen during the bell stage. Wikipedia:Outer_enamel_epithelium ZFIN:curator Wikipedia:Outer_enamel_epithelium external enamel epithelium ZFA ejaculatory duct epithelium BTO:0002618 TODO: split off insect classes The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. UBERON:0006953 uberon PMID:1238970 The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. mammary myoepithelium BTO:0002310 FMA:67798 UBERON:0006954 lactiferous ductal myo-epithelium myo-epithelium of lactiferous duct myoepithelium of lactiferous duct uberon FMA:67798 myo-epithelium of lactiferous duct FMA:67798 lactiferous ductal myo-epithelium FMA:67798 myoepithelium of lactiferous duct uterine epithelium BTO:0003082 UBERON:0006955 uberon uterus epithelium BTO:0003082 uterus epithelium buccal mucosa BTO:0003833 FMA:59785 SCTID:16811007 The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. UBERON:0006956 ncithesaurus:Buccal_Mucosa uberon Medical_Dictionary:http://www.medterms.com/ The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. submandibular gland primordium epithelium EHDAA2:0001940 EHDAA:9257 EMAPA:17756 UBERON:0006957 uberon great vein of heart EHDAA2:0004508 FMA:4707 MA:0002131 SCTID:277728005 The Great Cardiac Vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus, and reaching the back of the heart, opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart. UBERON:0006958 great cardiac vein ncithesaurus:Great_Cardiac_Vein uberon vena cordis magna, vena cardiaca magna FMA:4707 great cardiac vein Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein vena cordis magna, vena cardiaca magna The Great Cardiac Vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus, and reaching the back of the heart, opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart. Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein mandible angular process MA:0002873 Mandibular angle UBERON:0006959 a process which protrudes from the ventral caudal angle of the mandible, and acts as the attachment of the digastric muscle. mandibular angle uberon FMA:59459 Mandibular angle MA:0002873 mandibular angle a process which protrudes from the ventral caudal angle of the mandible, and acts as the attachment of the digastric muscle. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mandibular+angular+process ovary stroma EMAPA:28880 FMA:18626 MA:0002991 SCTID:259306002 The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. UBERON:0006960 interstitial tissue of ovary ovary stroma stroma of the ovary stroma ovarica stroma ovarii uberon FMA:18626 stroma ovarica Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary stroma of the ovary The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary_%28animal_tissue%29_of_ovary FMA:18626 interstitial tissue of ovary MA:0002991 ovary stroma Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary stroma ovarii pars distalis of adenohypophysis AAO:0010542 BTO:0001787 EHDAA2:0001416 EHDAA:7532 EMAPA:17515 FMA:74630 MA:0000854 TAO:0001195 The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland. UBERON:0006964 VHOG:0000244 ZFA:0001195 anterior lobe pars anterior pars anterior of adenohypophysis pars distalis pars distalis (glandula pituitaria) pars distalis adenohypophyseos pars distalis adenohypophysis pars distalis lobi anterioris hypophyseos pars distalis of anterior lobe of pituitary gland pars glandularis pars glandularis of adenohypophysis uberon FMA:74630 FMA:TA pars distalis (glandula pituitaria) BTO:0001787 pars distalis lobi anterioris hypophyseos FMA:74630 pars anterior of adenohypophysis FMA:74630 FMA:TA pars distalis adenohypophysis EHDAA2:0001416 MA:0000854 ZFA:0001195 pars anterior FMA:74630 pars distalis of anterior lobe of pituitary gland Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland. Wikipedia:Pars_distalis MA:0000854 anterior lobe MA:0000854 pars glandularis MA:0000854 pars distalis MA FMA:74630 pars glandularis of adenohypophysis BTO:0001787 pars distalis adenohypophyseos vascular cord EFO:0003709 TAO:0005077 The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. UBERON:0006965 ZFA:0005077 uberon GO:0072360 The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. ZFA:0005077 heart capillary . UBERON:0006966 uberon . GO:0003248 horn GAID:1225 MESH:A.13.507 UBERON:0006967 a pointed projection of the skin on the head of various animals, consisting of a covering of horn (keratin and other proteins) surrounding a core of living bone. uberon Horn_(anatomy) a pointed projection of the skin on the head of various animals, consisting of a covering of horn (keratin and other proteins) surrounding a core of living bone. keratin sheath of horn UBERON:0006968 uberon cranial appendage UBERON:0006969 uberon bony core of horn UBERON:0006970 uberon antler Antlers are the usually large, branching bony appendages on the heads of most deer species. BTO:0001684 GAID:1226 MESH:A.13.507.288 SCTID:410034008 UBERON:0006971 uberon Antlers are the usually large, branching bony appendages on the heads of most deer species. Wikipedia:Antler nephridium An exceretory tubule that usually opens to the exterior by a nephridiopore. The inner end of the tubule may be blind, ending in flame cells (protonephridium) or may open into the coelom through a ciliated funnel (metanephridium). BTO:0000923 UBERON:0006972 uberon An exceretory tubule that usually opens to the exterior by a nephridiopore. The inner end of the tubule may be blind, ending in flame cells (protonephridium) or may open into the coelom through a ciliated funnel (metanephridium). Wikipedia:Nephridium protonephridium BILA:0000126 UBERON:0006973 a network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings found in the Phylums Platyhelminthes, kinorhyncha and Rotifera. The ends are called flame cells (if cilliated) or solenocytes (if flagellated); they function in osmoregulation and ionoregulation. The terminal cells are located at the blind end of the protonephridium. Each cell has one or more cilia and their beating inside the protonephridial tube creates an outward going current and hence a partial pressurization in the blind of the tube. Because of this pressurization drives waste fluids from the inside of the animal, they are pulled through small perforations in the terminal cells and into the protonephridium. The perforations in the terminal cell are large enough for small molecules to pass, but larger proteins are retained within the animal. From the bottom of the protonephridium the solutes are led through the tube, formed by the canal cells, and exits the animal from a small opening formed by the nephridiopore. Selective reabsorption of useful molecules by the canal cells occurs as the solutes pass down the tubule. Protonephridia are generally found in basal organisms such as flatworms. Protonephridia likely first arose as a way to cope with a hypotonic environment by removing excess water from the organism (osmoregulation). Their use as excretory/ionoregulatory structures likely arose secondarily. uberon Wikipedia:Nephridium#Metanephridia a network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings found in the Phylums Platyhelminthes, kinorhyncha and Rotifera. The ends are called flame cells (if cilliated) or solenocytes (if flagellated); they function in osmoregulation and ionoregulation. The terminal cells are located at the blind end of the protonephridium. Each cell has one or more cilia and their beating inside the protonephridial tube creates an outward going current and hence a partial pressurization in the blind of the tube. Because of this pressurization drives waste fluids from the inside of the animal, they are pulled through small perforations in the terminal cells and into the protonephridium. The perforations in the terminal cell are large enough for small molecules to pass, but larger proteins are retained within the animal. From the bottom of the protonephridium the solutes are led through the tube, formed by the canal cells, and exits the animal from a small opening formed by the nephridiopore. Selective reabsorption of useful molecules by the canal cells occurs as the solutes pass down the tubule. Protonephridia are generally found in basal organisms such as flatworms. Protonephridia likely first arose as a way to cope with a hypotonic environment by removing excess water from the organism (osmoregulation). Their use as excretory/ionoregulatory structures likely arose secondarily. metanephridium BILA:0000127 UBERON:0006974 a type of excretory gland or nephridium found in many types of invertebrates such as Annelids, Arthropods and Molluscs. It typically consists of a ciliated funnel opening into the body cavity or coelom connected to a duct which may be variously glandularized, folded or expanded (vesiculate) and which typically opens to the organism's exterior. These ciliated tubules pump water carrying surplus ions, metabolic waste, toxins from food, and useless hormones out of the organism through openings known as nephrostomes. This waste is passed out of the body at the nephridiopore. The primary urine produced by filtration of blood (or a similar functioning fluid) is modified into secondary urine through selective reabsorption by the cells lining the metanephridium. In many earthworms the nephridial ducts open into the digestive tract instead, a condition known as enteronephry. uberon Wikipedia:Nephridium#Metanephridia a type of excretory gland or nephridium found in many types of invertebrates such as Annelids, Arthropods and Molluscs. It typically consists of a ciliated funnel opening into the body cavity or coelom connected to a duct which may be variously glandularized, folded or expanded (vesiculate) and which typically opens to the organism's exterior. These ciliated tubules pump water carrying surplus ions, metabolic waste, toxins from food, and useless hormones out of the organism through openings known as nephrostomes. This waste is passed out of the body at the nephridiopore. The primary urine produced by filtration of blood (or a similar functioning fluid) is modified into secondary urine through selective reabsorption by the cells lining the metanephridium. In many earthworms the nephridial ducts open into the digestive tract instead, a condition known as enteronephry. peptonephridium BTO:0004280 Organs opening into the buccal cavity of pharynx (supposedly modified nephridia) of invertebrates. UBERON:0006976 esophageal appendage oesophageal appendage uberon BTO:0004280 oesophageal appendage BTO:0004280 esophageal appendage BTO:0004280 Organs opening into the buccal cavity of pharynx (supposedly modified nephridia) of invertebrates. anatomical point AAO:0010266 AEO:0000009 BILA:0000009 CARO:0000009 EHDAA2:0003009 FMA:9658 Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. UBERON:0006983 uberon CARO:MAH Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. anatomical surface AAO:0010270 BILA:0000010 CARO:0000010 EHDAA2:0003192 FMA:24137 ID:0000000 Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. UBERON:0006984 ZFA:0005594 ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Surface uberon CARO:MAH Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. cardiac mesoderm AAO:0011021 BILA:0000051 EHDAA:385 SCTID:360387000 UBERON:0007005 VHOG:0001641 XAO:0000235 cardiogenic mesoderm consider FBbt:00005541 heart primordia the splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. uberon XAO:0000235 heart primordia XAO:0000235 http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html the splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. cardiogenic mesoderm http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html blastomere UBERON:0007006 a type of cell produced by division of the egg after fertilization. true uberon Wikipedia:Blastomere a type of cell produced by division of the egg after fertilization. cleaving embryo BILA:0000058 Organism at the cleavage stage. UBERON:0007010 uberon OBOL:automatic Organism at the cleavage stage. juvenile organism BILA:0000076 UBERON:0007021 juvenile uberon adult organism BILA:0000078 FBbt:00003004 HAO:0000087 UBERON:0007023 adult galen:Adult ncithesaurus:Adult uberon primitive gut BILA:0000084 UBERON:0007026 uberon surface AEO:0000154 BILA:0000118 EHDAA2:0003154 UBERON:0007029 galen:Surface ncithesaurus:Surface skin uberon BILA:0000118 skin photosensory system BILA:0000140 UBERON:0007036 uberon mechanosensory system BILA:0000142 UBERON:0007037 uberon visceral muculature BILA:0000132 UBERON:0007094 uberon somatic musculature BILA:0000133 UBERON:0007095 uberon cardiac musculature BILA:0000134 UBERON:0007096 uberon chordo neural hinge EFO:0003623 In mouse and chick, the derivative of the NSB (with a minor contribution from the CLE), the `chordo-neural-hinge'(CNH) (Cambray and Wilson, 2007; Catala et al., 1995; Charrier et al., 1999), contains progenitors for the ventral neural tube, somites and notochord (Cambray and Wilson, 2002; McGrew et al., 2008). The CNH is continuous with the most recently formed neural tube and notochord (Fig. 2C-D′). By contrast, the tissue immediately caudal to the CNH exclusively produces somites in mouse and chick (McGrew et al., 2008). Portion of tissue that is posterior to the developing notochord during tail bud extension. TAO:0001082 UBERON:0007097 VHOG:0001382 XAO:0000108 ZFA:0001082 uberon Portion of tissue that is posterior to the developing notochord during tail bud extension. ZFA:0001082 http://dev.biologists.org/content/136/10/1591.full mandibular neural crest Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. TAO:0007064 UBERON:0007098 XAO:0000024 ZFA:0007064 uberon Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. ZFA:0007064 hyoid neural crest Cranial neural crest that migrates into the hyoid arch. TAO:0007065 UBERON:0007099 XAO:0000025 ZFA:0007065 uberon Cranial neural crest that migrates into the hyoid arch. ZFA:0007065 circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood[GO]. ANISEED:1235302 FBbt:00003154 TADS:0000147 UBERON:0007100 adult heart cardiac pump cardiac structure dorsal tube editor note: we need to find the appropriate GO process to use for the definition - 'blood circulation' may not apply to invertebrates; 'circulatory system process' is circular. Note we cannot use a part_of-based definition as this results in the iris and all vascular elements being categorized as circulatory organs. Taxon notes: note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. "The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian". Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis. Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata heart heart or heart like organ http://www.sciencemag.org/content/313/5795/1922/F1.large.jpg uberon Wikipedia:Heart dorsal tube A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood[GO]. GO:0007507 GO:0007507 heart FBbt:00003154 adult heart vitelline duct EMAPA:26139 GAID:1314 In the human embryo, the vitelline duct, also known as the omphalomesenteric duct, is a long narrow tube that joins the yolk-sac to the midgut lumen of the developing fetus. It appears at the end of the fourth week, when the yolk-sac presents the appearance of a small pear-shaped vesicle (the umbilical vesicle). The vesicle can be seen in the afterbirth as a small, somewhat oval-shaped body whose diameter varies from 1 mm to 5 mm. It is situated between the amnion and the chorion and may lie on or at a varying distance from the placenta. Generally, the duct fully obliterates (narrows and disappears) during the seventh week, but a failure of the duct to close is termed a vitelline fistula. This results in discharge of meconium from the umbilicus. About two per cent of fetuses exhibit a type of vitelline fistula characterized by persistence of the proximal part of the vitelline duct as a diverticulum protruding from the small intestine, Meckel's diverticulum, which is situated about two feet above the ileocecal junction, and may be attached by a fibrous cord to the abdominal wall at the umbilicus. Sometimes a narrowing of the lumen of the ileum is seen opposite the site of attachment of the duct. MESH:A.16.254.891 UBERON:0007105 Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct embryonic yolk stalk omphalomesenteric duct uberon yolk duct yolk-stalk Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct omphalomesenteric duct Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct yolk duct Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct yolk-stalk Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct embryonic yolk stalk In the human embryo, the vitelline duct, also known as the omphalomesenteric duct, is a long narrow tube that joins the yolk-sac to the midgut lumen of the developing fetus. It appears at the end of the fourth week, when the yolk-sac presents the appearance of a small pear-shaped vesicle (the umbilical vesicle). The vesicle can be seen in the afterbirth as a small, somewhat oval-shaped body whose diameter varies from 1 mm to 5 mm. It is situated between the amnion and the chorion and may lie on or at a varying distance from the placenta. Generally, the duct fully obliterates (narrows and disappears) during the seventh week, but a failure of the duct to close is termed a vitelline fistula. This results in discharge of meconium from the umbilicus. About two per cent of fetuses exhibit a type of vitelline fistula characterized by persistence of the proximal part of the vitelline duct as a diverticulum protruding from the small intestine, Meckel's diverticulum, which is situated about two feet above the ileocecal junction, and may be attached by a fibrous cord to the abdominal wall at the umbilicus. Sometimes a narrowing of the lumen of the ileum is seen opposite the site of attachment of the duct. Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct MESH:A.16.254.891 omphalomesenteric duct chorionic villus BTO:0001161 EHDAA2:0004717 MESH:A.16.254.403.473.200 One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. Taxon notes: The mouse and human placentas have labyrinthine and villous types of interdigitation between maternal and fetal tissues, respectively. UBERON:0007106 chorionic villi chorionic villous chorionic villus ncithesaurus:Chorionic_Villus placental villi placental villus uberon Wikipedia:Chorionic_villi chorionic villous BTO:0001161 One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. Wikipedia:Chorionic_villi BTO Obol MESH:A.16.254.403.473.200 chorionic villi GAID:1300 chorionic villus GAID:1300 placental villus GAID:1300 placental villi vernix caseosa An unctuous substance composed of sebum and desquamated epithelial cells, which covers the skin of the fetus. GAID:1174 MESH:A.12.200.946 UBERON:0007108 ncithesaurus:Vernix_Caseosa uberon vernix caseosa An unctuous substance composed of sebum and desquamated epithelial cells, which covers the skin of the fetus. MESH:A.12.200.946 MESH:A.12.200.946 vernix caseosa meconium A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth. BTO:0000838 UBERON:0007109 ncithesaurus:Meconium uberon A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth. BTO:0000838 douglas' pouch FMA:14728 GAID:20 MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 SCTID:181447009 The rectouterine pouch (or rectouterine excavation, rectovaginal, Ehrhardt-Cole Recess or Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus in the female human body. The rectouterine pouch is used in the treatment of end-stage renal failure in patients who are treated by peritoneal dialysis. The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the deepest point of the pouch. In women it is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity, posterior to (behind) the uterus and anterior to (in front of) rectum. (The pouch on the other side of the uterus is the vesicouterine excavation. ) It is near the posterior fornix of the vagina. In men, the region corresponding to the rectouterine pouch is the rectovesical excavation, which lies between the urinary bladder and rectum. (There is no equivalent to the vesicouterine excavation.) UBERON:0007111 cul de sac of dougla cul-de-sac of dougla douglas cul-de-sac douglas pouch douglas' cul de sac douglas' cul-de-sac douglas' pouch excavatio recto-uterina excavatio rectouterina excavatio rectouterina, cavum douglassi, fossa douglasi recto-uterine pouch rectouterine pouch uberon FMA:14728 MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 rectouterine pouch MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 cul-de-sac of dougla FMA:14728 recto-uterine pouch Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch excavatio rectouterina, cavum douglassi, fossa douglasi MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 douglas cul-de-sac The rectouterine pouch (or rectouterine excavation, rectovaginal, Ehrhardt-Cole Recess or Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus in the female human body. The rectouterine pouch is used in the treatment of end-stage renal failure in patients who are treated by peritoneal dialysis. The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the deepest point of the pouch. In women it is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity, posterior to (behind) the uterus and anterior to (in front of) rectum. (The pouch on the other side of the uterus is the vesicouterine excavation. ) It is near the posterior fornix of the vagina. In men, the region corresponding to the rectouterine pouch is the rectovesical excavation, which lies between the urinary bladder and rectum. (There is no equivalent to the vesicouterine excavation.) Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 cul de sac of dougla FMA:14728 FMA:TA excavatio rectouterina MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 douglas' pouch MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 douglas pouch MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 douglas' cul-de-sac MESH:A.01.047.025.600.225 douglas' cul de sac FMA:14728 excavatio recto-uterina venom BTO:0001439 MESH:A.12.200.935 Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator. UBERON:0007113 uberon venom MESH:A.12.200.935 Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator. MESH:A.12.200.935 venom deciduous tooth FMA:55655 GAID:1266 GAT in FMA. MESH:A.14.254.860.700 One of the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other mammals[WP]. The 20 teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth, usually by the age of six years. All deciduous teeth are normally expected to erupt by the age of two and a half years[MESH]. SCTID:245612004 UBERON:0007115 dentes decidui ncithesaurus:Temporary_Tooth primary tooth temporary tooth uberon FMA:55655 temporary tooth MESH:A.14.254.860.700 One of the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other mammals[WP]. The 20 teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth, usually by the age of six years. All deciduous teeth are normally expected to erupt by the age of two and a half years[MESH]. Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth FMA:55655 primary tooth Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth dentes decidui primary dentition FMA:75151 GAID:1252 MESH:A.14.254.245 The set of teeth first in order or time of development that will be replaced by permanent dentition upon their loss. UBERON:0007116 baby teeth deciduous dentition deciduous teeth dentes decidui milk teeth primary teeth set of deciduous teeth set of primary teeth tooth of primary dentition uberon MESH:A.14.254.245 The set of teeth first in order or time of development that will be replaced by permanent dentition upon their loss. GAID:1266 primary teeth GAID:1252 deciduous dentition FMA:75151 primary teeth FMA:75151 FMA:TA dentes decidui FMA:75151 set of primary teeth FMA:75151 milk teeth FMA:75151 set of deciduous teeth FMA:75151 deciduous teeth FMA:75151 baby teeth umbilicus FMA:61584 GAID:29 MESH:A.01.047.849 SCTID:243961003 The pit in the center of the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered in the fetus. UBERON:0007118 galen:Umbilicus navel ncithesaurus:Umbilicus uberon umbilical part of abdomen umbilical region FMA:61584 navel FMA:61584 umbilical part of abdomen FMA:61584 umbilical region MESH:A.01.047.849 The pit in the center of the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered in the fetus. neck of femur FMA:42385 GAID:201 MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.510 SCTID:361792007 The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. UBERON:0007119 collum femoris femoral neck femoral neck femur neck galen:NeckOfFemur ncithesaurus:Femoral_Neck neck of femur neck of the femur uberon Wikipedia:Femur_neck femoral neck FMA:42385 femoral neck Wikipedia:Femur_neck collum femoris Wikipedia:Femur_neck neck of the femur Wikipedia:Femur_neck femur neck Wikipedia:Femur_neck neck of femur The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. Wikipedia:Femur_neck premolar tooth FMA:55637 GAID:1261 MESH:A.14.254.860.150 SCTID:304572005 The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. It has properties of both the anterior canines and posterior molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars. The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceded by deciduous molars. In primitive mammals there are four premolars per quadrant. The most mesial two have been lost in Catarrhines. Paleontologists refer to human premolars as Pm3 and Pm4. UBERON:0007120 bicuspid bicuspid teeth bicuspid tooth bicuspids biscuspid dens premolaris dentes premolares first bicuspid first premolar mandibular bicuspid maxillary bicuspid maxillary premolar ncithesaurus:Bicuspid_Tooth pm3 %28dentistry%29 pr%c3%a6molares praemolares premolar teeth premolar tooth premolars second bicuspid second premolar secondary premolar tooth uberon Wikipedia:Premolar bicuspids Wikipedia:Premolar second premolar Wikipedia:Premolar bicuspid Wikipedia:Premolar premolars Wikipedia:Premolar premolar teeth Wikipedia:Premolar maxillary bicuspid FMA:55637 secondary premolar tooth Wikipedia:Premolar dentes premolares Wikipedia:Premolar mandibular bicuspid Wikipedia:Premolar second bicuspid Wikipedia:Premolar pm3 %28dentistry%29 Wikipedia:Premolar dentes premolares Wikipedia:Premolar dens premolaris Wikipedia:Premolar first premolar The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. It has properties of both the anterior canines and posterior molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars. The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceded by deciduous molars. In primitive mammals there are four premolars per quadrant. The most mesial two have been lost in Catarrhines. Paleontologists refer to human premolars as Pm3 and Pm4. Wikipedia:Premolar Wikipedia:Premolar pr%c3%a6molares Wikipedia:Premolar bicuspid tooth Wikipedia:Premolar premolar tooth Wikipedia:Premolar biscuspid Wikipedia:Premolar first bicuspid Wikipedia:Premolar bicuspid teeth Wikipedia:Premolar praemolares Wikipedia:Premolar maxillary premolar dermatome segment of skin A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are eight cervical nerves, twelve thoracic nerves, five lumbar nerves and five sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the brain[WP]. FMA:80301 SCTID:244023005 UBERON:0007121 dermatome dermatomic area http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dermatomes_and_cutaneous_nerves_-_posterior.png/230px-Dermatomes_and_cutaneous_nerves_-_posterior.png uberon Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) dermatomic area A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are eight cervical nerves, twelve thoracic nerves, five lumbar nerves and five sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the brain[WP]. Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) dermatome pharyngeal pouch 1 1st arch branchial pouch 1st arch branchial pouch endoderm 1st arch pouch endoderm AAO:0011114 EFO:0003631 EHDAA2:0000016 EMAPA:16124 SCTID:345248006 TAO:0001128 The endoderm lines the future auditory tube (Pharyngotympanic Eustachian tube) , middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane. & origin of Mandibular nerve & Maxillary artery[WP]. The first pouch lies between the first and second arches[PMID] UBERON:0005718 UBERON:0007122 VHOG:0000970 XAO:0000102 ZFA:0001128 first arch pharyngeal pouch first visceral pouch hyomandibular pouch ncithesaurus:First_Pharyngeal_Pouch pharyngeal pouches 1 uberon visceral pouch 1 we use adjacency relations rather than part_of, as in EHDAA2 XAO:0000102 first visceral pouch 1st arch pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000016 ZFA:0001128 pharyngeal pouches 1 PMID:16313389 The endoderm lines the future auditory tube (Pharyngotympanic Eustachian tube) , middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane. & origin of Mandibular nerve & Maxillary artery[WP]. The first pouch lies between the first and second arches[PMID] Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#First_pouch OBOL:automatic first arch pharyngeal pouch 1st arch branchial pouch EHDAA2:0000013 XAO:0000102 visceral pouch 1 1st arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000016 pharyngeal pouch 2 2nd arch branchial pouch 2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm AAO:0011115 EFO:0003633 EHDAA2:0000061 EMAPA:16275 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 SCTID:345349000 TAO:0001130 The second pouch between the second and third arches. Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve[WP] UBERON:0005715 UBERON:0007123 VHOG:0000967 XAO:0000247 ZFA:0001130 ncithesaurus:Second_Pharyngeal_Pouch pharyngeal pouches 2 second arch pharyngeal pouch second visceral pouch uberon visceral pouch 2 OBOL:automatic second arch pharyngeal pouch XAO:0000247 second visceral pouch ZFA:0001130 pharyngeal pouches 2 2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000061 XAO:0000247 visceral pouch 2 PMID:16313389 The second pouch between the second and third arches. Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve[WP] Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Second_pouch 2nd arch branchial pouch RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 pharyngeal pouch 3 3rd arch branchial pouch 3rd arch branchial pouch endoderm AAO:0011116 EFO:0003634 EHDAA2:0000077 EMAPA:16586 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000076 SCTID:345450001 TAO:0001131 The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve[WP]. The third pouch lies between the third and fourth arches[PMID]. UBERON:0005716 UBERON:0007124 VHOG:0000966 XAO:0000251 ZFA:0001131 ncithesaurus:Third_Pharyngeal_Pouch pharyngeal pouches 3 third arch pharyngeal pouch third visceral pouch uberon visceral pouch 3 PMID:16313389 The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve[WP]. The third pouch lies between the third and fourth arches[PMID]. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Third_pouch XAO:0000251 third visceral pouch XAO:0000251 visceral pouch 3 OBOL:automatic third arch pharyngeal pouch 3rd arch branchial pouch RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000076 3rd arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000077 ZFA:0001131 pharyngeal pouches 3 pharyngeal pouch 4 4th arch branchial pouch 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm A pouch that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch[Bard]. Derivatives include: superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body which forms the parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland. Musculature and cartilage of larynx (along with the sixth pharyngeal pouch)[WP] AAO:0011117 EFO:0003637 EHDAA2:0000091 EMAPA:16766 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000090 SCTID:362858001 TAO:0001134 UBERON:0007125 VHOG:0000971 XAO:0000254 ZFA:0001134 fourth arch pharyngeal pouch fourth pharyngeal pouch fourth visceral pouch ncithesaurus:Fourth_Pharyngeal_Pouch pharyngeal pouches 4 todo - check relationships uberon visceral pouch 4 A pouch that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch[Bard]. Derivatives include: superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body which forms the parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland. Musculature and cartilage of larynx (along with the sixth pharyngeal pouch)[WP] PMID:16313389 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Fourth_pouch ZFA:0001134 pharyngeal pouches 4 XAO:0000254 visceral pouch 4 XAO:0000254 fourth visceral pouch OBOL:automatic fourth arch pharyngeal pouch 4th arch branchial pouch RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000090 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000091 VHOG:0000971 fourth pharyngeal pouch pharyngeal pouch 5 5th pharyngeal pouch 5th visceral pouch AAO:0011118 EFO:0003636 Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch contributing to thyroid C-cells[WP]. TAO:0001133 UBERON:0007126 VHOG:0001206 XAO:0000255 ZFA:0001133 fifth pharyngeal pouch fifth visceral pouch fifth visceral pouch ncithesaurus:Fifth_Pharyngeal_Pouch pharyngeal pouches 5 pouches 5 and 6 are hard to distinguish uberon visceral pouch 5 ZFA:0001133 pharyngeal pouches 5 5th visceral pouch VHOG:0001206 VHOG:0001206 fifth visceral pouch 5th pharyngeal pouch VHOG:0001206 Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch contributing to thyroid C-cells[WP]. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Fifth_pouch XAO:0000255 visceral pouch 5 VHOG:0001206 fifth pharyngeal pouch XAO:0000255 fifth visceral pouch pharyngeal pouch 6 AAO:0011119 Along with the fourth pouch, contributes to the formation of the musculature and cartilage of the larynx[WP]. EFO:0003635 TAO:0001132 UBERON:0007127 XAO:0000265 ZFA:0001132 pharyngeal pouches 6 pouches 5 and 6 are hard to distinguish sixth visceral pouch uberon visceral pouch 6 XAO:0000265 visceral pouch 6 Along with the fourth pouch, contributes to the formation of the musculature and cartilage of the larynx[WP]. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Sixth_pouch ZFA:0001132 pharyngeal pouches 6 XAO:0000265 sixth visceral pouch glomeral mesenchyme Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm. UBERON:0007128 XAO:0000110 corpuscle glomerulus uberon XAO:0000110 glomerulus ISBN:0815318960 Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm. XAO:0000110 corpuscle head kidney TAO:0000669 The zebrafish head kidney consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis. UBERON:0007132 ZFA:0000669 anterior kidney in GO, head kidney isa pronephros. Modified the ZFA relationships - the HK is derived from the anterior part of the pronephros and persists until adulthood kidney marrow uberon ZFA:0000669 anterior kidney cjm ZFA:0000669 kidney marrow The zebrafish head kidney consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-040923-1 doi:10.1242/dev.00427 trunk ganglion EFO:0000901 Ganglion which is located in the trunk. MAT:0000344 MIAA:0000344 TAO:0001573 UBERON:0007134 ZFA:0001573 body ganglion trunk ganglia uberon MAT:0000344 body ganglion ZFA:0001573 trunk ganglia Ganglion which is located in the trunk. ZFIN:curator neural keel An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. EFO:0003497 TAO:0000131 UBERON:0007135 ZFA:0000131 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-010921-559 presumptive central nervous system uberon ZFA:0000131 presumptive central nervous system An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 rectouterine fold FMA:16533 SCTID:361301006 These folds of the rectouterine excavation are named the sacrogenital or rectouterine folds. They contain a considerable amount of fibrous tissue and non-striped muscular fibers which are attached to the front of the sacrum and constitute the uterosacral ligaments. UBERON:0007136 fold of douglas plica rectouterina plica rectouterina posterior ligament of uterus recto-uterine fold rectovaginal fold uberon Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_fold plica rectouterina FMA:16533 rectovaginal fold FMA:16533 FMA:TA plica rectouterina These folds of the rectouterine excavation are named the sacrogenital or rectouterine folds. They contain a considerable amount of fibrous tissue and non-striped muscular fibers which are attached to the front of the sacrum and constitute the uterosacral ligaments. Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_fold FMA:16533 posterior ligament of uterus FMA:16533 recto-uterine fold FMA:16533 fold of douglas parietal mesothelium MA:0000566 Mesothelium overs the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium UBERON:0007140 uberon Mesothelium overs the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelium visceral mesothelium MA:0000567 Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium UBERON:0007141 uberon Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelium left internal carotid artery EMAPA:16329 FMA:4062 SCTID:161452006 UBERON:0007142 arteria caritis interna sinistra uberon FMA:4062 arteria caritis interna sinistra right internal carotid artery EMAPA:16330 FMA:3949 SCTID:161251001 UBERON:0007143 arteria carotis interna dextra uberon FMA:3949 arteria carotis interna dextra tail of embryo EMAPA:16748 FMA:85540 UBERON:0007144 embryo tail uberon FMA:85540 embryo tail dome of diaphragm EMAPA:18046 FMA:13332 SCTID:244940004 UBERON:0007145 diaphragm dome uberon FMA:13332 diaphragm dome posterior spinal artery EMAPA:18243 FMA:50522 SCTID:181330009 UBERON:0007146 dorsal spinal artery ncithesaurus:Posterior_Spinal_Artery uberon FMA:50522 dorsal spinal artery lumen of midgut EMAPA:18377 FMA:54366 UBERON:0007147 midgut lumen uberon FMA:54366 midgut lumen lumen of hindgut EMAPA:18396 FMA:54367 UBERON:0007148 hindgut lumen uberon FMA:54367 hindgut lumen inferior thyroid artery EMAPA:18623 FMA:10662 SCTID:303419004 The inferior thyroid artery passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and Longus colli, then turns medialward behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk, the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the vessel. Reaching the lower border of the thyroid gland it divides into two branches, which supply the postero-inferior parts of the gland, and anastomose with the superior thyroid, and with the corresponding artery of the opposite side. The recurrent nerve passes upward generally behind, but occasionally in front of, the artery. This makes it vulnerable to injury during surgery that involves ligating the inferior thyroid artery, such as excision of the lower pole of the thyroid gland. UBERON:0007149 arteria thyreoidea inferior ncithesaurus:Inferior_Thyroid_Artery uberon The inferior thyroid artery passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and Longus colli, then turns medialward behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk, the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the vessel. Reaching the lower border of the thyroid gland it divides into two branches, which supply the postero-inferior parts of the gland, and anastomose with the superior thyroid, and with the corresponding artery of the opposite side. The recurrent nerve passes upward generally behind, but occasionally in front of, the artery. This makes it vulnerable to injury during surgery that involves ligating the inferior thyroid artery, such as excision of the lower pole of the thyroid gland. Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_artery Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_artery arteria thyreoidea inferior superior thyroid artery EMAPA:18624 FMA:49472 SCTID:244218002 The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland. UBERON:0007150 arteria thyreoidea superior ncithesaurus:Superior_Thyroid_Artery uberon The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland. Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_artery Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_artery arteria thyreoidea superior leaflets of mitral valve EMAPA:18628 FMA:7241 Leaf of cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, and posterior leaflets that is attached to the chorda tendinea of left ventricle and to the frbrous ring of mitral valve.[FMA] SCTID:244353007 UBERON:0007151 mitral valve leaflet mitral valvular leaflet uberon FMA:7241 FMA:FMA Leaf of cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, and posterior leaflets that is attached to the chorda tendinea of left ventricle and to the frbrous ring of mitral valve.[FMA] FMA:7241 mitral valve leaflet FMA:7241 mitral valvular leaflet inferior sagittal sinus EMAPA:18635 FMA:50768 SCTID:279260007 UBERON:0007152 ncithesaurus:Inferior_Sagittal_Sinus uberon cjm superior epigastric artery EMAPA:18752 FMA:10646 SCTID:244287004 UBERON:0007153 uberon inferior epigastric vein EMAPA:18760 FMA:21162 SCTID:286872000 UBERON:0007154 ncithesaurus:Deep_Epigastric_Vein uberon superior epigastric vein EMAPA:18761 FMA:4731 SCTID:286596001 UBERON:0007155 uberon FMA/obol inferior thyroid vein EMAPA:18763 FMA:4728 SCTID:303423007 UBERON:0007156 inferior thyroid venous tree uberon vena thyroidea inferioris FMA:4728 vena thyroidea inferioris FMA:4728 inferior thyroid venous tree superior thyroid vein EMAPA:18764 FMA:14323 SCTID:303421009 UBERON:0007157 uberon lumen of anal canal EMAPA:18836 FMA:17357 UBERON:0007158 anal canal lumen uberon FMA:17357 anal canal lumen lumen of colon EMAPA:18945 FMA:18374 SCTID:362156004 UBERON:0007159 colon lumen uberon FMA:18374 colon lumen inferior petrosal sinus EMAPA:19234 FMA:50770 SCTID:279263009 UBERON:0007160 sinus petrosal inferior uberon FMA:50770 sinus petrosal inferior medial arcuate ligament EMAPA:19237 FMA:58282 UBERON:0007161 uberon lateral arcuate ligament EMAPA:19238 FMA:58283 UBERON:0007162 uberon superior meatus EMAPA:19276 FMA:53138 FMA:57480 The superior meatus, the smallest of the three meatuses of the nose, occupies the middle third of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the superior nasal conchC& and middle nasal conchC&; the sphenopalatine foramen opens into it behind, and the posterior ethmoidal cells in front. The sphenoidal sinus opens into a recess, the sphenoethmoidal recess, which is placed above and behind the superior concha. UBERON:0007163 meatus nasi superior superior nasal meatus todo - check FMA uberon The superior meatus, the smallest of the three meatuses of the nose, occupies the middle third of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the superior nasal conchC& and middle nasal conchC&; the sphenopalatine foramen opens into it behind, and the posterior ethmoidal cells in front. The sphenoidal sinus opens into a recess, the sphenoethmoidal recess, which is placed above and behind the superior concha. Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_meatus Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_meatus meatus nasi superior Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_meatus superior nasal meatus distal radio-ulnar joint EMAPA:19316 FMA:35290 SCTID:182170009 UBERON:0007164 articulation radioulnaris distalis distal radioulnar joint inferior radioulnar joint uberon FMA:35290 inferior radioulnar joint FMA:35290 articulation radioulnaris distalis FMA:35290 distal radioulnar joint proximal radio-ulnar joint EMAPA:19317 FMA:38860 SCTID:361837005 UBERON:0007165 superior radioulnar joint uberon FMA:38860 superior radioulnar joint left dome of diaphragm EMAPA:25047 FMA:13334 SCTID:244941000 UBERON:0007166 left dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically uberon FMA:13334 left dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically right dome of diaphragm EMAPA:25048 FMA:13333 SCTID:244942007 UBERON:0007167 right dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically uberon FMA:13333 right dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically long head of biceps brachii EMAPA:25054 FMA:37683 The long head originates on the supraglenoid tubercle just above the shoulder joint from where its tendon passes down along the intertubercular groove of the humerus into the joint capsule of the shoulder joint. [1] When the humerus is in motion, the tendon of the long head is held firmly in place in the intertubercular groove by the greater and lesser tubercles and the overlying transverse humeral ligament. During the motion from external to internal rotation, the tendon is forced medially against the lesser tubercle and superiorly against the transverse ligament. UBERON:0007168 caput longum (musculus biceps brachii) uberon The long head originates on the supraglenoid tubercle just above the shoulder joint from where its tendon passes down along the intertubercular groove of the humerus into the joint capsule of the shoulder joint. [1] When the humerus is in motion, the tendon of the long head is held firmly in place in the intertubercular groove by the greater and lesser tubercles and the overlying transverse humeral ligament. During the motion from external to internal rotation, the tendon is forced medially against the lesser tubercle and superiorly against the transverse ligament. Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle#Origin_and_insertion FMA:37683 caput longum (musculus biceps brachii) short head of biceps brachii EMAPA:25055 FMA:37682 Proximally (towards the body), the short head of the biceps attaches to (originates from) the coracoid process at the top of the scapula. UBERON:0007169 uberon Proximally (towards the body), the short head of the biceps attaches to (originates from) the coracoid process at the top of the scapula. Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle#Origin_and_insertion squamous part of occipital bone EMAPA:25113 FMA:52860 SCTID:139077005 The squama of the occipital bone, situated above and behind the foramen magnum, is curved from above downward and from side to side. UBERON:0007170 occipital squama squama occipitalis squama occipitalis squama of occipital bone uberon Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis squama occipitalis Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis squama occipitalis FMA:52860 squama of occipital bone Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis occipital squama The squama of the occipital bone, situated above and behind the foramen magnum, is curved from above downward and from side to side. Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis FMA:52860 occipital squama border of scapula EMAPA:25124 FMA:23797 UBERON:0007171 scapular border uberon FMA:23797 scapular border angle of scapula EMAPA:25125 FMA:23800 UBERON:0007172 scapular angle uberon FMA:23800 scapular angle lateral border of scapula EMAPA:25126 FMA:23239 UBERON:0007173 axillary border of scapula lateral border of scapula margo lateralis (scapula) margo lateralis scapulae uberon FMA:23239 margo lateralis (scapula) FMA:23239 FMA:TA margo lateralis scapulae FMA:23239 lateral border of scapula FMA:23239 axillary border of scapula medial part of scapula EMAPA:25127 FMA:23242 SCTID:368187009 UBERON:0007174 margo medialis (scapula) margo medialis scapulae medial border of scapula uberon vertebral border of scapula FMA:23242 margo medialis (scapula) FMA:23242 medial border of scapula FMA:23242 FMA:TA margo medialis scapulae FMA:23242 vertebral border of scapula inferior angle of scapula EMAPA:25128 FMA:13315 UBERON:0007175 angulus inferior (scapula) uberon FMA:13315 angulus inferior (scapula) superior angle of scapula EMAPA:25129 FMA:23248 UBERON:0007176 angulus superior (scapula) uberon FMA:23248 angulus superior (scapula) lamina propria of mucosa of colon EMAPA:27395 FMA:15657 SCTID:113284008 UBERON:0007177 colonic lamina propria lamina propria of colonic mucosa lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane uberon FMA:15657 colonic lamina propria FMA:15657 lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane FMA:15657 lamina propria of colonic mucosa muscularis mucosa of mucosa of colon EMAPA:27399 FMA:15656 SCTID:885000 UBERON:0007178 lamina muscularis of colonic mucosa lamina muscularis of colonic mucous membrane uberon FMA:15656 lamina muscularis of colonic mucous membrane FMA:15656 lamina muscularis of colonic mucosa basal cell layer of urothelium EMAPA:28806 FMA:84154 UBERON:0007179 basal cell layer of uroepithelium uberon FMA:84154 basal cell layer of uroepithelium atretic follicle of ovary EMAPA:29874 FMA:18697 SCTID:259073003 UBERON:0007180 atretic follicle folliculus atreticus (Ovarium) uberon FMA:18697 folliculus atreticus (Ovarium) FMA:18697 atretic follicle serosa of infundibulum of uterine tube EMAPA:29903 FMA:18324 UBERON:0007181 serosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube serosa of infundibulum of oviduct uberon FMA:18324 serosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube FMA:18324 serosa of infundibulum of oviduct muscle layer of infundibulum of uterine tube EMAPA:31264 FMA:18336 UBERON:0007182 muscle layer of infundibulum of fallopian tube muscle layer of infundibulum of oviduct muscularis of infundibulum of uterine tube uberon FMA:18336 muscle layer of infundibulum of fallopian tube FMA:18336 muscle layer of infundibulum of oviduct FMA:18336 muscularis of infundibulum of uterine tube pericardio-peritoneal canal mesothelium EHDAA2:0001442 EMAPA:16284 UBERON:0007185 VHOG:0000447 uberon pericardial visceral mesothelium EMAPA:16589 FMA:19741 UBERON:0007186 VHOG:0000778 uberon pericardial parietal mesothelium EMAPA:16588 FMA:19742 UBERON:0007187 uberon mesothelium of serous pericardium BTO:0003157 EMAPA:16133 FMA:18149 SCTID:67300002 UBERON:0007188 mesothelium of pericardium pericardial mesothelium serous pericardium mesothelium uberon FMA:18149 pericardial mesothelium FMA:18149 serous pericardium mesothelium FMA:18149 mesothelium of pericardium paracentral gyrus FMA:77537 UBERON:0007190 uberon anterior paracentral gyrus FMA:77537 UBERON:0007191 uberon posterior paracentral gyrus FMA:77538 UBERON:0007192 uberon orbital gyrus FMA:256194 SCTID:280372002 The inferior or orbital surface of the frontal lobe is concave, and rests on the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It is divided into four orbital gyri by a well-marked H-shaped orbital sulcus. These are named, from their position, the medial, anterior, lateral, and posterior orbital gyri. The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract; the portion medial to this is named the straight gyrus, and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface. UBERON:0007193 gyrus orbitales orbital gyri uberon Wikipedia:Orbital_gyri gyrus orbitales Wikipedia:Orbital_gyri orbital gyri The inferior or orbital surface of the frontal lobe is concave, and rests on the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It is divided into four orbital gyri by a well-marked H-shaped orbital sulcus. These are named, from their position, the medial, anterior, lateral, and posterior orbital gyri. The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract; the portion medial to this is named the straight gyrus, and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface. Wikipedia:Orbital_gyri vesicular gland BTO:0003717 MA:0000405 The vesicular gland is part of the male reproductive system. The vesicular gland contributes fluids, energy substrates, and buffers to semen. It can be found near the Coagulating gland, which also belongs to the reproductive system. UBERON:0007194 ncithesaurus:Vesicular_Gland todo - check this agaist seminal vesicle uberon BTO:0003717 The vesicular gland is part of the male reproductive system. The vesicular gland contributes fluids, energy substrates, and buffers to semen. It can be found near the Coagulating gland, which also belongs to the reproductive system. stroma of bone marrow FMA:21426 The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. UBERON:0007195 bone marrow stroma uberon The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. Wikipedia:Bone_marrow#Stroma FMA:21426 bone marrow stroma tracheobronchial tree FMA:7393 SCTID:361384001 UBERON:0007196 the structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. uberon Wikipedia:Tracheobronchial_tree the structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Wikipedia hermaphroditic organism AAO:0010035 BILA:0000029 CARO:0000029 HAO:0000029 Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. TADS:0000601 UBERON:0007197 WBbt:0007849 dioecious organism hermaphrodite uberon WBbt:0007849 hermaphrodite CARO:MAH Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. BILA:0000029 dioecious organism hermaphrodite anatomical structure AEO:0000177 An anatomical structure present only in hermaphrodites. EHDAA2:0003177 UBERON:0007198 WBbt:0005758 hermaphrodite-specific uberon WBbt:0005758 hermaphrodite-specific An anatomical structure present only in hermaphrodites. JB:DEF brachiocephalic vasculature UBERON:0007204 uberon mesenchyme derived from head neural crest EFO:0003572 EHDAA2:0000735 EMAPA:16169 EMAPA:16271 TAO:0000787 UBERON:0007213 ZFA:0000787 head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest head mesenchyme from neural crest uberon ZFA EHDAA2:0000735 head mesenchyme from neural crest mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest EHDAA2:0002093 EMAPA:16182 TAO:0000999 UBERON:0007214 ZFA:0000999 trunk mesenchyme from neural crest uberon EHDAA2:0002093 trunk mesenchyme from neural crest trabecula cranii A paired cartilaginous element appearing in the preotic section of the head at the border between the brain and visceral structures (The Trabecula cranii: development and homology of an enigmatic vertebrate head structure - Cerny et al 2006) Paired thin medially aligned bar of cartilage that extends from the anterior end of the chondrocranium to just anterior to the anterior end of the notochord. The posterior ends of the trabeculae cranii are continuous with the parachordal cartilages, and they enclose the hypophyseal fenestra. TAO:0001507 UBERON:0007215 ZFA:0001507 trabeculae cranii uberon ZFA:0001507 trabeculae cranii Paired thin medially aligned bar of cartilage that extends from the anterior end of the chondrocranium to just anterior to the anterior end of the notochord. The posterior ends of the trabeculae cranii are continuous with the parachordal cartilages, and they enclose the hypophyseal fenestra. ZFIN:curator late embryonic stage EV:0300011 EVM:2990031 FBdv:00005333 MIAA:0000399 OGES:000023 SCTID:367619004 UBERON:0007220 embryo late (growth) stage embryo late growth stage embryo late stage fetal stage fetus fetus stage uberon BTO:0000449 embryo late stage MIAA:0000399 embryo late (growth) stage MIAA:0000399 fetus BTO:0000449 embryo late growth stage UBERON:cjm fetal stage UBERON:cjm fetus stage neonate stage BTO:0001762 EV:0300037 NIF_Organism:birnlex_695 OGES:000025 Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn. UBERON:0007221 fledgling stage hatchling hatchling stage infant stage neonatal stage nestling stage newborn stage uberon UBERON:cjm infant stage UBERON:cjm fledgling stage UBERON:cjm newborn stage UBERON:cjm hatchling stage OBOL:automatic neonatal stage UBERON:cjm hatchling Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn. Wikipedia:Infant http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neonatal UBERON:cjm nestling stage late adult stage EV:0300123 NIF_Organism:birnlex_691 UBERON:0007222 elderly elderly stage geriatric geriatric stage ncithesaurus:Elderly uberon EV:0300123 elderly EV:0300123 geriatric stage EV:0300123 geriatric EV:0300123 elderly stage osseus cochlea MA:0000239 The osseous cochlea is the bony foundation that forms the small shell arrangement for the cochlear nerve. UBERON:0007223 todo - check this. in MA, cochlea is not part of the bony labyrinth uberon The osseous cochlea is the bony foundation that forms the small shell arrangement for the cochlear nerve. http://www.innerbody.com/image_nerv14/nerv175.html medial entorhinal cortex BTO:0004346 MA:0000922 The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area. UBERON:0007224 uberon BTO:0004347 The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area. lateral entorhinal cortex ABA:ENTl BTO:0004347 Entorhinal area, lateral part MA:0000911 The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area. UBERON:0007225 uberon ABA:ENTl Entorhinal area, lateral part BTO:0004347 The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area. superior vestibular nucleus ABA:SUV BM:Me-VS-VSS BTO:0004372 Bechterew's nucleus EV:0100257 FMA:54617 The superior vestibular nucleus is the dorso-lateral part of the vestibular nucleus and receives collaterals and terminals from the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. Its axons terminate in much the same manner as do those from the lateral nucleus. UBERON:0007227 ncithesaurus:Superior_Vestibular_Nucleus nucleus of Bechterew nucleus vestibularis superior uberon FMA:54617 nucleus of Bechterew Bechterew's nucleus Wikipedia:Superior_vestibular_nucleus Wikipedia:Superior_vestibular_nucleus nucleus vestibularis superior The superior vestibular nucleus is the dorso-lateral part of the vestibular nucleus and receives collaterals and terminals from the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. Its axons terminate in much the same manner as do those from the lateral nucleus. Wikipedia:Superior_vestibular_nucleus vestibular nucleus EV:0100254 FMA:54602 SCTID:362462004 See comments for 'vestibular nuclear complex The vestibular nuclei are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0007228 ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Nucleus uberon vestibular nucleus of acoustic nerve vestibular nucleus of eighth cranial nerve The vestibular nuclei are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei FMA:54602 vestibular nucleus of eighth cranial nerve FMA:54602 vestibular nucleus of acoustic nerve lateral vestibular nucleus ABA:LAV BM:Me-VS-VSL BTO:0004370 Deiter's nucleus Deiters' nucleus FMA:54614 GAID:603 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.600.800.800 SCTID:280176007 The lateral vestibular nucleus (Deitersbs nucleus) is the continuation upward and lateralward of the principal nucleus, and in it terminate many of the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. UBERON:0007230 lateral nucleus of Deiters ncithesaurus:Lateral_Vestibular_Nucleus nucleus of Deiters nucleus vestibularis lateralis uberon The lateral vestibular nucleus (Deitersbs nucleus) is the continuation upward and lateralward of the principal nucleus, and in it terminate many of the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. Wikipedia:Lateral_vestibular_nucleus FMA:54614 lateral nucleus of Deiters FMA:54614 nucleus of Deiters Deiters' nucleus FMA:54614 Wikipedia:Lateral_vestibular_nucleus nucleus vestibularis lateralis Deiter's nucleus FMA:54614 2 cell stage EMAPA:16036 NF stage 2 (2-cell) UBERON:0007232 XAO:1000011 ZFS:0000002 two-cell stage uberon NF stage 2 (2-cell) XAO:1000011 OBOL:automatic two-cell stage 4 cell stage NF stage 3 (4-cell) UBERON:0007233 XAO:1000013 ZFS:0000003 four-cell stage uberon NF stage 3 (4-cell) XAO:1000013 OBOL:automatic four-cell stage 4-8 cell stage EMAPA:16037 UBERON:0007234 four-eight cell stage uberon OBOL:automatic four-eight cell stage 8 cell stage NF stage 4 (8-cell) UBERON:0007236 XAO:1000014 ZFS:0000004 eight-cell stage uberon NF stage 4 (8-cell) XAO:1000014 OBOL:automatic eight-cell stage 1st arch mandibular component EHDAA2:0000031 EHDAA:583 EMAPA:16382 Editors note: relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added UBERON:0007237 VHOG:0000510 uberon EHDAA2 1st arch maxillary component EHDAA2:0000038 EHDAA:595 EMAPA:16388 Editors note: relationship to palatoquadrate to be added UBERON:0007238 VHOG:0000511 uberon EHDAA2 tunica media of artery EV:0100029 FMA:14273 SCTID:84300001 UBERON:0007239 arterial media tunica media (arteriae) uberon EV:0100029 arterial media FMA:14273 tunica media (arteriae) tunica adventitia of artery EV:0100030 FMA:14274 SCTID:113261001 UBERON:0007240 arterial adventitia tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) uberon EV:0100030 arterial adventitia FMA:14274 tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) tunica adventitia of vein EV:0100034 FMA:14355 SCTID:13202006 UBERON:0007241 tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) uberon venous adventitia EV:0100034 venous adventitia FMA:14355 tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) tunica intima of vein EV:0100032 FMA:14353 SCTID:2436009 UBERON:0007242 tunica interna (intima)(venae) uberon venous intima FMA:14353 tunica interna (intima)(venae) EV:0100032 venous intima tunica media of vein EV:0100033 FMA:14354 SCTID:42049001 UBERON:0007243 tunica media (venae) uberon venous media FMA:14354 tunica media (venae) EV:0100033 venous media inferior olivary nucleus BTO:0003844 EMAPA:19241 SCTID:369066005 The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. UBERON:0007244 VHOG:0001380 inferior olive uberon The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus inferior olive nuclear complex of neuraxis FMA:84059 Internal gray matter component which consists of an assemblage of nuclei of neuraxis. Example: cerebellar nuclear complex, Vestibular nuclear complex.[FMA] UBERON:0007245 todo - move existing complex classes currently under nucleus to be under this class uberon FMA:84059 FMA:FMA Internal gray matter component which consists of an assemblage of nuclei of neuraxis. Example: cerebellar nuclear complex, Vestibular nuclear complex.[FMA] superior olivary nucleus FMA:72246 MA:0001026 SCTID:369024009 UBERON:0007247 VHOG:0001381 nucleus of superior olivary complex superior olive uberon FMA:72246 nucleus of superior olivary complex MA:0001026 superior olive dorsal accessory inferior olivary nucleus FMA:72593 SCTID:369068006 The inferior olivary nucleus that is the smallest, and appears on transverse section as a curved lamina behind the primary olivary nucleus UBERON:0007249 dorsal accessory olivary nucleus inferior olivary complex, dorsal accessory olive inferior olive, dorsal nucleus nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior posterior accessory olivary nucleus uberon The inferior olivary nucleus that is the smallest, and appears on transverse section as a curved lamina behind the primary olivary nucleus Wikipedia:Olivary_body#Olivary_nuclei FMA:72593 inferior olive, dorsal nucleus FMA:72593 FMA:TA nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior FMA:72593 posterior accessory olivary nucleus FMA:72593 dorsal accessory olivary nucleus FMA:72593 inferior olivary complex, dorsal accessory olive lingual tonsil FMA:54836 MA:0000773 SCTID:276957006 The lingual tonsils are rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that cover the posterior region of the tongue. They are on the dorsal surface at the base of the tongue. Their lymphatic tissue are dense and nodular, their surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium which invaginates as a single crypt into each lingual tonsil. They are partially surrounded by connective tissue placing them in the group of Partially-Encapsulated Lymphatic Organs, tonsils, the only one of its kind. They have associated mucous glands which are drained by ducts directly into the single tonsillar crypt. UBERON:0007250 lingual tonsillar tissue ncithesaurus:Lingual_Tonsil tonsilla lingualis uberon The lingual tonsils are rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that cover the posterior region of the tongue. They are on the dorsal surface at the base of the tongue. Their lymphatic tissue are dense and nodular, their surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium which invaginates as a single crypt into each lingual tonsil. They are partially surrounded by connective tissue placing them in the group of Partially-Encapsulated Lymphatic Organs, tonsils, the only one of its kind. They have associated mucous glands which are drained by ducts directly into the single tonsillar crypt. Wikipedia:Lingual_tonsils Wikipedia:Lingual_tonsils tonsilla lingualis MA:0000773 lingual tonsillar tissue preoptic nucleus EV:0100226 UBERON:0007251 uberon intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra EMAPA:19415 FMA:13895 SCTID:68818006 UBERON:0007252 cervical intervertebral disc intervertebral disc of cervical region uberon FMA:13895 cervical intervertebral disc EMAPA:19415 intervertebral disc of cervical region intervertebral disk of thoracic vertebra EMAPA:19489 FMA:10455 UBERON:0007254 intervertebral disc of thoracic region uberon EMAPA:19489 intervertebral disc of thoracic region intervertebral disk of lumbar vertebra EMAPA:19468 FMA:13894 UBERON:0007255 intervertebral disc of lumbar region uberon EMAPA:19468 intervertebral disc of lumbar region intervertebral disk of sacral vertebra EMAPA:19575 UBERON:0007257 intervertebral disc of sacral region uberon EMAPA:19575 intervertebral disc of sacral region intervertebral disk of third cervical vertebra C3 intervertebral disk EMAPA:19422 FMA:13896 UBERON:0007260 intervertebral disk, C3-C4 uberon FMA:13896 intervertebral disk, C3-C4 C3 intervertebral disk FMA:13896 intervertebral disk of fourth cervical vertebra EMAPA:19425 FMA:13897 SCTID:361748005 UBERON:0007261 intervertebral disc of fourth cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C4-C5 uberon FMA:13897 intervertebral disk, C4-C5 FMA:13897 intervertebral disc of fourth cervical vertebra intervertebral disk of fifth cervical vertebra EMAPA:19428 FMA:13898 SCTID:361749002 UBERON:0007262 intervertebral disc of fifth cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C5-C6 uberon FMA:13898 intervertebral disk, C5-C6 FMA:13898 intervertebral disc of fifth cervical vertebra intervertebral disk of sixth cervical vertebra EMAPA:19460 FMA:13899 UBERON:0007263 intervertebral disk, C6-C7 uberon FMA:13899 intervertebral disk, C6-C7 intervertebral disk of seventh cervical vertebra EMAPA:19463 FMA:13900 UBERON:0007264 intervertebral disk, C7-T1 uberon FMA:13900 intervertebral disk, C7-T1 intervertebral disk of axis C2 disk C2 intervertebral disk EMAPA:19419 FMA:25058 UBERON:0007265 intervertebral disc of second cervical vertebra intervertebral disk of second cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C2-C3 second cervical intervertebral disk uberon FMA:25058 second cervical intervertebral disk FMA:25058 intervertebral disk of second cervical vertebra FMA:25058 intervertebral disc of second cervical vertebra C2 intervertebral disk FMA:25058 FMA:25058 intervertebral disk, C2-C3 C2 disk FMA:25058 intervertebral disk of atlas C1 disk C1 intervertebral disk EMAPA:19416 FMA:25058 UBERON:0007266 first cervical intervertebral disk intervertebral disc of first cervical vertebra intervertebral disk of first cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C1-C2 uberon trachea pre-cartilage rings EHDAA2:0002070 EHDAA:7082 EMAPA:18699 UBERON:0007267 cartilaginous ring of trachea uberon EMAPA:18699 cartilaginous ring of trachea upper esophageal sphincter The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) (also called the Pharyngoesophageal sphincter) refers to the superior portion of the esophagus. Unlike the lower esophageal sphincter, it consists of striated muscle and is under conscious control. The primary muscle of the UES is the cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. During swallowing the upper esophageal sphincter opens so the bolus can pass into the esophagus. A secondary role of the UES is to reduce backflow from the esophagus into the pharynx. UBERON:0007268 Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter ncithesaurus:Upper_Esophageal_Sphincter uberon upper oesophageal sphincter The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) (also called the Pharyngoesophageal sphincter) refers to the superior portion of the esophagus. Unlike the lower esophageal sphincter, it consists of striated muscle and is under conscious control. The primary muscle of the UES is the cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. During swallowing the upper esophageal sphincter opens so the bolus can pass into the esophagus. A secondary role of the UES is to reduce backflow from the esophagus into the pharynx. Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter upper oesophageal sphincter pectoral appendage musculature EFO:0003540 TAO:0000563 UBERON:0007269 ZFA:0000563 pectoral fin musculature uberon ZFA:0000563 pectoral fin musculature pelvic appendage musculature TAO:0000258 UBERON:0007270 ZFA:0000258 pelvic fin musculature uberon ZFA:0000258 pelvic fin musculature limb/fin musculature TAO:0000207 UBERON:0007271 ZFA:0000207 fin musculature uberon ZFA:0000207 fin musculature pectoral appendage skeleton Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. UBERON:0007272 VSAO:0005000 cheiropterygium uberon Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. VSAO:0005000 VSAO:NI VSAO VSAO:0005000 VSAO:NI cheiropterygium pelvic appendage skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. UBERON:0007273 uberon VSAO The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. UBERON:cjm crista of ampulla of anterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth FMA:75610 TAO:0000619 UBERON:0007274 XAO:0004137 ZFA:0000619 anterior crista ampullaris anterior cristae anterior semicircular canal sensory patch anterior semicircular canal sensory patches rostral crista todo - unvetted uberon ZFA:0000619 anterior cristae ZFA:0000619 anterior semicircular canal sensory patch ZFA:0000619 anterior semicircular canal sensory patches ZFA:0000619 rostral crista ZFA:0000619 anterior crista ampullaris crista of ampulla of posterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth FMA:75611 TAO:0000566 UBERON:0007275 XAO:0004133 ZFA:0000566 caudal crista posterior crista ampullaris posterior cristae posterior semicircular canal sensory patch posterior semicircular canal sensory patches todo - unvetted uberon ZFA:0000566 posterior semicircular canal sensory patch ZFA:0000566 posterior semicircular canal sensory patches ZFA:0000566 caudal crista ZFA:0000566 posterior crista ampullaris ZFA:0000566 posterior cristae crista of ampulla of lateral semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth FMA:75612 TAO:0000166 UBERON:0007276 ZFA:0000166 lateral crista ampullaris lateral cristae lateral semicircular canal sensory patch lateral semicircular canal sensory patches todo - unvetted uberon ZFA:0000166 lateral semicircular canal sensory patches ZFA:0000166 lateral cristae ZFA:0000166 lateral crista ampullaris ZFA:0000166 lateral semicircular canal sensory patch presumptive hindbrain EFO:0003440 TAO:0000569 UBERON:0007277 ZFA:0000569 uberon presumptive sinus venosus Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the sinus venosus. TAO:0002234 UBERON:0007278 ZFA:0001722 uberon ZFA Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the sinus venosus. ZFA:0001722 presumptive atrioventricular canal TAO:0002227 UBERON:0007279 ZFA:0001723 uberon presumptive endocardium TAO:0002233 UBERON:0007280 ZFA:0001724 uberon presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary EFO:0003446 TAO:0001187 UBERON:0007281 XAO:0004086 ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB uberon UBERON:cjm presumptive MHB presumptive segmental plate EFO:0003421 TAO:0000053 UBERON:0007282 ZFA:0000053 uberon EDHAA2 UBERONREF:0000002 presumptive shield EFO:0003444 TAO:0001121 UBERON:0007283 ZFA:0001121 uberon presumptive neural plate EFO:0003424 TAO:0000063 UBERON:0007284 ZFA:0000063 uberon presumptive paraxial mesoderm EFO:0003443 TAO:0000591 UBERON:0007285 XAO:0004134 ZFA:0000591 uberon presumptive floor plate EFO:0003454 TAO:0001218 UBERON:0007286 ZFA:0001218 uberon presumptive bulbus arteriosus TAO:0002230 UBERON:0007287 ZFA:0001712 uberon presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary EFO:0003463 TAO:0001368 UBERON:0007288 ZFA:0001368 uberon presumptive rhombomere 1 TAO:0001207 UBERON:0007289 ZFA:0001207 uberon presumptive rhombomere 3 EFO:0003451 TAO:0001213 UBERON:0007290 ZFA:0001213 uberon presumptive rhombomere 4 EFO:0003450 TAO:0001212 UBERON:0007291 ZFA:0001212 uberon presumptive rhombomere 5 EFO:0003449 TAO:0001211 UBERON:0007292 ZFA:0001211 uberon presumptive rhombomere 6 EFO:0003448 TAO:0001210 UBERON:0007293 ZFA:0001210 uberon presumptive rhombomere 7 EFO:0003447 TAO:0001209 UBERON:0007294 ZFA:0001209 uberon presumptive rhombomere 8 EFO:0003452 TAO:0001214 UBERON:0007295 ZFA:0001214 uberon presumptive rhombomere 2 TAO:0001208 UBERON:0007296 ZFA:0001208 uberon presumptive pronephric mesoderm EFO:0003619 TAO:0001070 UBERON:0007297 ZFA:0001070 nephron primordium uberon ZFA:0001070 nephron primordium pronephric proximal convoluted tubule TAO:0002238 UBERON:0007298 ZFA:0001620 uberon choroid plexus of tectal ventricle TAO:0001445 UBERON:0007299 ZFA:0001445 choroid plexus tectal ventricle uberon ZFA:0001445 choroid plexus tectal ventricle pectoral appendage blood vessel TAO:0005301 UBERON:0007300 ZFA:0005301 pectoral fin blood vessel uberon ZFA:0005301 pectoral fin blood vessel limb/fin blood vessel TAO:0005299 UBERON:0007301 ZFA:0005299 fin blood vessel uberon ZFA:0005299 fin blood vessel pectoral appendage vasculature TAO:0005096 UBERON:0007302 ZFA:0005096 pectoral fin vasculature uberon ZFA:0005096 pectoral fin vasculature pharyngeal vasculature TAO:0005003 UBERON:0007303 ZFA:0005003 branchial vasculature uberon ZFA:0005003 branchial vasculature limb/fin vasculature TAO:0005095 UBERON:0007304 ZFA:0005095 fin vasculature uberon ZFA:0005095 fin vasculature pronephric glomerular capillary TAO:0005309 UBERON:0007306 ZFA:0005309 uberon pronephric glomerular basement membrane TAO:0005313 UBERON:0007307 ZFA:0005313 uberon pronephric distal early tubule TAO:0002236 UBERON:0007308 ZFA:0001622 uberon sputum BTO:0001297 GAID:1171 MA:0002536 MESH:A.12.200.808 Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. UBERON:0007311 expectoration ncithesaurus:Sputum uberon BTO:0001297 expectoration Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. pudendal artery MA:0002028 SCTID:277968003 UBERON:0007312 uberon superior external pudendal artery MA:0002029 UBERON:0007314 uberon internal pudendal artery FMA:18835 SCTID:244309002 The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia. The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. It is smaller in the female than in the male. UBERON:0007315 arteria pudenda interna internal pudendal vessels internal pudic artery uberon Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery internal pudic artery The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia. The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. It is smaller in the female than in the male. Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery arteria pudenda interna Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery internal pudendal vessels deep external pudendal artery FMA:20739 SCTID:31708008 The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery), more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labium majus; its branches anastomose with the scrotal (or labial) branches of the perineal artery. UBERON:0007316 arteria pudenda externa profunda uberon The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery), more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labium majus; its branches anastomose with the scrotal (or labial) branches of the perineal artery. Wikipedia:Deep_external_pudendal_artery Wikipedia:Deep_external_pudendal_artery arteria pudenda externa profunda superficial external pudendal artery FMA:20738 SCTID:47954000 The superficial external pudendal artery (superficial external pudic artery) arises from the medial side of the femoral artery, close to the superficial epigastric artery and superficial iliac circumflex artery. UBERON:0007317 arteria pudenda externa superficialis uberon Wikipedia:Superficial_external_pudendal_artery arteria pudenda externa superficialis The superficial external pudendal artery (superficial external pudic artery) arises from the medial side of the femoral artery, close to the superficial epigastric artery and superficial iliac circumflex artery. Wikipedia:Superficial_external_pudendal_artery saphenous vein BTO:0001808 Either of two main superficial veins of the leg, one larger than the other, that begin at the foot. MA:0002215 MESH:A.07.231.908.819 UBERON:0007318 ncithesaurus:Saphenous_Vein uberon BTO:0001808 Either of two main superficial veins of the leg, one larger than the other, that begin at the foot. medial saphenous vein FMA:44322 MA:0002173 UBERON:0007319 medial accessory saphenous vein todo - check uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA:44322 medial accessory saphenous vein lateral saphenous vein FMA:44321 MA:0002161 UBERON:0007321 lateral accessory saphenous vein todo - check uberon FMA/obol FMA/obol FMA:44321 lateral accessory saphenous vein pancreatic lobe FMA:16012 MA:0000721 UBERON:0007324 lobulus pancreaticus pancreatic lobule todo - check uberon FMA:16012 lobulus pancreaticus FMA:16012 pancreatic lobule pancreatic duct A duct that is part of the pancreas and connected to the duodenum. EHDAA:9194 FMA:10419 MA:0000124 SCTID:181278006 TAO:0001372 UBERON:0007329 ZFA:0001372 duct of pancreas ductus pancreaticus note that this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts. AO notes: in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms pancreas duct uberon ZFA OBOL:automatic pancreas duct A duct that is part of the pancreas and connected to the duodenum. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct OBOL:automatic duct of pancreas Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct ductus pancreaticus rhamphotheca Development notes: This covering arises from the Malpighian cells of the bird's epidermis,[9] growing from plates at the base of each mandible[WP] UBERON:0007330 horny sheath outer keratin layer of beak thin keratinized layer of epidermis projecting from outer surface of beak[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Beak#Rhamphotheca thin keratinized layer of epidermis projecting from outer surface of beak[WP]. maxillary rhamphotheca UBERON:0007331 maxillary beak rhinotheca uberon Wikipedia:Beak#Rhamphotheca rhinotheca mandibular rhamphotheca UBERON:0007332 gnathotheca mandibular beak uberon Wikipedia:Beak#Rhamphotheca gnathotheca avian pallium BTO:0003399 In the anatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. Pallium of avian species tend to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. UBERON:0007333 uberon In the anatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. Pallium of avian species tend to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. Wikipedia:Avian_pallium nidopallium BTO:0003389 The nidopallium, meaning nested pallium, is the region of the avian brain that is used mostly for some types of executive functions but also other higher cognitive tasks. The region was renamed to nidopallium in 2002 during the Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium because the prior name suggested that the region was used for more primitive functions. UBERON:0007334 nested pallium uberon The nidopallium, meaning nested pallium, is the region of the avian brain that is used mostly for some types of executive functions but also other higher cognitive tasks. The region was renamed to nidopallium in 2002 during the Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium because the prior name suggested that the region was used for more primitive functions. Wikipedia:Nidopallium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_Brain_Nomenclature_Consortium BTO:0003389 nested pallium hyperpallium BTO:0003400 Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the hyperstriatum. UBERON:0007347 hyperstriatum uberon BTO:0003400 hyperstriatum Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the hyperstriatum. Wikipedia:Hyperpallium mesopallium BTO:0003405 UBERON:0007349 middle pallium uberon BTO:0003405 middle pallium arcopallium BM:ARCO BTO:0003408 The arcopallium refers to regions of the avian brain which partially overlap regions homologous to the amygdala of mammals. These regions have formerly been referred to as archistriatum, and before this epistriatum or amygdaloid complex[1], and a recent change of nomenclature has divided the region into the arcopallium and posterior pallial amygdala.[2] The new nomenclature, adopted in 2004, reflects a modern understanding that the avian brain is broadly similar to the mammalian brain, containing large regions homologous to the mammalian neocortex, claustrum, and pallial amygdala. The outdated nomenclature it replaced perceived the avian brain as consisting almost entirely of enlarged basal ganglia, to which more complex outer layers had been added during a progress toward mammalian intelligence. UBERON:0007350 arched pallium archistriatum uberon BM:ARCO archistriatum http://www.avianbrain.org/archistriatum.html The arcopallium refers to regions of the avian brain which partially overlap regions homologous to the amygdala of mammals. These regions have formerly been referred to as archistriatum, and before this epistriatum or amygdaloid complex[1], and a recent change of nomenclature has divided the region into the arcopallium and posterior pallial amygdala.[2] The new nomenclature, adopted in 2004, reflects a modern understanding that the avian brain is broadly similar to the mammalian brain, containing large regions homologous to the mammalian neocortex, claustrum, and pallial amygdala. The outdated nomenclature it replaced perceived the avian brain as consisting almost entirely of enlarged basal ganglia, to which more complex outer layers had been added during a progress toward mammalian intelligence. Wikipedia:Arcopallium BTO:0003408 arched pallium nucleus isthmo-opticus BTO:0003411 UBERON:0007351 nucleus isthmoopticus uberon BTO:0003411 nucleus isthmoopticus stria vascularis vasculature UBERON:0007352 blood vessels supplying the stria vascularis in the cochlea of the inner ear. uberon MP:0004368 blood vessels supplying the stria vascularis in the cochlea of the inner ear. cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube FMA:60096 The cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube, about 24 mm. in length, is formed of a triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage, the apex of which is attached to the margin of the medial end of the osseous portion of the tube, while its base lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube. The upper edge of the cartilage is curled upon itself, being bent laterally so as to present on transverse section the appearance of a hook; a groove or furrow is thus produced, which is open below and laterally, and this part of the canal is completed by fibrous membrane. The cartilage lies in a groove between the petrous part of the temporal and the great wing of the sphenoid; this groove ends opposite the middle of the medial pterygoid plate. The cartilaginous and bony portions of the tube are not in the same plane, the former inclining downward a little more than the latter. The diameter of the tube is not uniform throughout, being greatest at the pharyngeal orifice, least at the junction of the bony and cartilaginous portions, and again increased toward the tympanic cavity; the narrowest part of the tube is termed the isthmus. The position and relations of the pharyngeal orifice are described with the nasal part of the pharynx. The mucous membrane of the tube is continuous in front with that of the nasal part of the pharynx, and behind with that of the tympanic cavity; it is covered with ciliated epithelium and is thin in the osseous portion, while in the cartilaginous portion it contains many mucous glands and near the pharyngeal orifice a considerable amount of adenoid tissue, which has been named by Gerlach the tube tonsil. The tube is opened during deglutition by the Salpingopharyngeus and Dilatator tubC&. The latter arises from the hook of the cartilage and from the membranous part of the tube, and blends below with the Tensor veli palatini. UBERON:0007354 cartilage of auditory tube cartilage of eustachian tube cartilago tubae auditivae cartilago tubae auditivae; cartilago tubae auditoriae cartilago tubae auditoriae pharyngotympanic tube cartilage uberon FMA:60096 FMA:TA cartilago tubae auditoriae FMA:60096 cartilage of auditory tube FMA:60096 pharyngotympanic tube cartilage FMA:60096 cartilage of eustachian tube FMA:60096 FMA:TA cartilago tubae auditivae The cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube, about 24 mm. in length, is formed of a triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage, the apex of which is attached to the margin of the medial end of the osseous portion of the tube, while its base lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube. The upper edge of the cartilage is curled upon itself, being bent laterally so as to present on transverse section the appearance of a hook; a groove or furrow is thus produced, which is open below and laterally, and this part of the canal is completed by fibrous membrane. The cartilage lies in a groove between the petrous part of the temporal and the great wing of the sphenoid; this groove ends opposite the middle of the medial pterygoid plate. The cartilaginous and bony portions of the tube are not in the same plane, the former inclining downward a little more than the latter. The diameter of the tube is not uniform throughout, being greatest at the pharyngeal orifice, least at the junction of the bony and cartilaginous portions, and again increased toward the tympanic cavity; the narrowest part of the tube is termed the isthmus. The position and relations of the pharyngeal orifice are described with the nasal part of the pharynx. The mucous membrane of the tube is continuous in front with that of the nasal part of the pharynx, and behind with that of the tympanic cavity; it is covered with ciliated epithelium and is thin in the osseous portion, while in the cartilaginous portion it contains many mucous glands and near the pharyngeal orifice a considerable amount of adenoid tissue, which has been named by Gerlach the tube tonsil. The tube is opened during deglutition by the Salpingopharyngeus and Dilatator tubC&. The latter arises from the hook of the cartilage and from the membranous part of the tube, and blends below with the Tensor veli palatini. Wikipedia:Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube Wikipedia:Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube cartilago tubae auditivae; cartilago tubae auditoriae bony part of pharyngotympanic tube FMA:60057 The bony part of pharyngotympanic tube is about 12 mm. in length. It begins in the carotid wall of the tympanic cavity, below the septum canalis musculotubarii, and, gradually narrowing, ends at the angle of junction of the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone, its extremity presenting a jagged margin which serves for the attachment of the cartilaginous portion. UBERON:0007355 bony part of auditory tube bony part of eustachian tube osseous portion osseous portion of eustachian tube pars ossea (tuba auditiva) pars ossea (tuba auditoria) pars ossea tubae auditivae uberon FMA:60057 bony part of auditory tube Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube pars ossea tubae auditivae FMA:60057 osseous portion of eustachian tube FMA:60057 pars ossea (tuba auditiva) FMA:60057 bony part of eustachian tube The bony part of pharyngotympanic tube is about 12 mm. in length. It begins in the carotid wall of the tympanic cavity, below the septum canalis musculotubarii, and, gradually narrowing, ends at the angle of junction of the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone, its extremity presenting a jagged margin which serves for the attachment of the cartilaginous portion. Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube FMA:60057 pars ossea (tuba auditoria) Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube osseous portion crop A pouched enlargement of the gullet of many birds that serves as a receptacle for food and for its preliminary maceration. BTO:0000301 Editor notes: we follow WP and place as part of the esophagus. Taxon notes: Aves specific structure - consider adding functional grouping class SCTID:68028003 UBERON:0007356 esophageal diverticulum uberon A pouched enlargement of the gullet of many birds that serves as a receptacle for food and for its preliminary maceration. BTO:0000301 Wikipedia:Crop_(anatomy)#Birds proventriculus BTO:0001136 GAID:1239 MESH:A.13.853.710 SCTID:63897003 Taxon notes: consider extending to crocodilians The glandular or true stomach of a bird that is situated between the crop and gizzard. UBERON:0007357 uberon Wikipedia BTO:0001136 The glandular or true stomach of a bird that is situated between the crop and gizzard. Wikipedia:Proventriculus cjm abomasum BTO:0000024 GAID:1241 MESH:A.13.869.106 SCTID:410028001 The fourth stomach of ruminating animals. It is also called the "true" stomach. It is an elongated pear-shaped sac lying on the floor of the abdomen, on the right-hand side, and roughly between the seventh and twelfth ribs. It leads to the beginning of the small intestine. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed) UBERON:0007358 fourth stomach http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png maw ncithesaurus:Abomasum read rennet-bag uberon Wikipedia:Abomasum rennet-bag BTO:0000024 fourth stomach Wikipedia:Abomasum maw Wikipedia:Abomasum read MESH:A.13.869.106 The fourth stomach of ruminating animals. It is also called the "true" stomach. It is an elongated pear-shaped sac lying on the floor of the abdomen, on the right-hand side, and roughly between the seventh and twelfth ribs. It leads to the beginning of the small intestine. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed) Wikipedia:Abomasum ruminant forestomach Any of the first three stomachs of a ruminant, i.e., the rumen, reticulum, or omasum. BTO:0000480 Development/homology notes: You will still see the statement in some texts that the parts of the forestomach are derived from the embryonic esophagus, and that's the reason why (like the esophagus) they're lined with stratified squamous epithelium. This is open to doubt. While there is no doubt that the rumen, reticulum, and omasum are all derived from the embryonic foregut, there is evidence to indicate that all three come from that an area of the foregut homologous to the part that develops into the single stomach of non-ruminants. If this is so, then the forestomach can be considered diverticula (or derivatives) of the stomach proper, not the esophagus, despite the nature of the lining -- http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/labs/lab21/Examples/exrumen.htm UBERON:0007359 forestomach http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png uberon Any of the first three stomachs of a ruminant, i.e., the rumen, reticulum, or omasum. BTO:0000480 BTO:0000480 forestomach ruminant reticulum BTO:0000347 MESH:A.13.869.697 SCTID:23703003 The second stomach of ruminants. It lies almost in the midline in the front of the abdomen, in contact with the liver and diaphragm and communicates freely with the RUMEN via the ruminoreticular orifice. The lining of the reticulum is raised into folds forming a honeycomb pattern over the surface. (From Concise Veterinary Dictionary, 1988) UBERON:0007361 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png ncithesaurus:Reticulum reticulum uberon BTO:0000347 reticulum MESH:A.13.869.697 The second stomach of ruminants. It lies almost in the midline in the front of the abdomen, in contact with the liver and diaphragm and communicates freely with the RUMEN via the ruminoreticular orifice. The lining of the reticulum is raised into folds forming a honeycomb pattern over the surface. (From Concise Veterinary Dictionary, 1988) Wikipedia:Reticulum_(anatomy) omasum BTO:0000348 GAID:1242 MESH:A.13.869.524 SCTID:410028001 The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed) UBERON:0007362 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png ncithesaurus:Omasum omasum uberon MESH:A.13.869.524 The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed) Wikipedia:Omasum MESH:A.13.869.524 omasum reticulorumen UBERON:0007364 first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. It is composed of the rumen and reticulum. The reticulum differs from the rumen with regard to the texture of its lining. The rumen wall is covered in small finger like projections called papillae, which are flattened, approximately 0.5 cm in length and 0.3 cm wide in cattle. The reticulum is lined with ridges that form a hexagonal honeycomb pattern. The ridges are approximately 0.1 - 0.2 mm wide and are raised 0.5 cm above the reticulum wall. The hexagons in the reticulum are approximately 2-5 cm wide in cattle. Despite the differences in the texture of the lining of the two parts of the reticulorumen, it represents one functional space. Microbial fermentation degrades ingested carbohydrates in the reticulorumen to the volatile fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate, and proteins to short peptides, amino acids and ammonia. This fermentation is anaerobic and allows the microbes in the reticulorumen to derive the energy and amino nitrogen in order that they can reproduce. Ruminants absorb the volatile fatty acids across the reticulorumen wall and use them for energy, while the microbes eventually flow out of the rumen into the remainder of the alimentary canal, where they are eventually digested and absorbed. The reticulum, at approximately 5-20 litres, is considerably smaller in capacity than the rumen, which is approximately 100-200 litres in cattle. The oesophageal groove, which links the oesophagus and the omasum is located in the reticulum[WP]. retriculo-rumen uberon Wikipedia:Reticulorumen first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. It is composed of the rumen and reticulum. The reticulum differs from the rumen with regard to the texture of its lining. The rumen wall is covered in small finger like projections called papillae, which are flattened, approximately 0.5 cm in length and 0.3 cm wide in cattle. The reticulum is lined with ridges that form a hexagonal honeycomb pattern. The ridges are approximately 0.1 - 0.2 mm wide and are raised 0.5 cm above the reticulum wall. The hexagons in the reticulum are approximately 2-5 cm wide in cattle. Despite the differences in the texture of the lining of the two parts of the reticulorumen, it represents one functional space. Microbial fermentation degrades ingested carbohydrates in the reticulorumen to the volatile fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate, and proteins to short peptides, amino acids and ammonia. This fermentation is anaerobic and allows the microbes in the reticulorumen to derive the energy and amino nitrogen in order that they can reproduce. Ruminants absorb the volatile fatty acids across the reticulorumen wall and use them for energy, while the microbes eventually flow out of the rumen into the remainder of the alimentary canal, where they are eventually digested and absorbed. The reticulum, at approximately 5-20 litres, is considerably smaller in capacity than the rumen, which is approximately 100-200 litres in cattle. The oesophageal groove, which links the oesophagus and the omasum is located in the reticulum[WP]. rumen BTO:0001194 GAID:1244 MESH:A.13.869.804 SCTID:45138000 Structure notes: There is no muscularis mucosae in the rumen The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed). UBERON:0007365 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png ncithesaurus:Rumen paunch uberon MESH:A.13.869.804 The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed). Wikipedia:Rumen BTO:0001194 paunch ruminant stomach Editor notes: in future this ontology may distinguish between stomachs lined with glandular epithelium ("true" stomachs) and non-glandular GAID:1240 MESH:A.13.869 The ruminants' stomach consists of four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The first three compartments comprise the forestomach (proventriculus). They are lined with nonglandular membrane. The fourth compartment, the abomasum comprises the true stomach of the ruminants. It is lined with glandular mucous membrane. The rumen lies on the left of the abdominal cavity, the reticulum cranially and the omasum on the right. The abomasum lies ventrally, its proximal end lies ventral to the rumen, reticulum and omasum UBERON:0007366 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png uberon The ruminants' stomach consists of four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The first three compartments comprise the forestomach (proventriculus). They are lined with nonglandular membrane. The fourth compartment, the abomasum comprises the true stomach of the ruminants. It is lined with glandular mucous membrane. The rumen lies on the left of the abdominal cavity, the reticulum cranially and the omasum on the right. The abomasum lies ventrally, its proximal end lies ventral to the rumen, reticulum and omasum http://www.onemedicine.tuskegee.edu/DigestiveSystem/Stomach/Stomach_Ruminants.html surface of tongue FMA:54647 UBERON:0007367 tongue surface uberon FMA:54647 tongue surface superior surface of tongue FMA:54646 UBERON:0007371 dorsal surface of tongue uberon FMA:54646 dorsal surface of tongue inferior surface of tongue FMA:54648 SCTID:362100003 UBERON:0007373 uberon ventral surface of tongue FMA:54648 ventral surface of tongue incus cartilage condensation EMAPA:18228 UBERON:0007374 uberon primary or secondary palate AAO:0010535 Either the primary or secondary palate UBERON:0007375 palate palatum uberon palatum Either the primary or secondary palate UBERON:cjm outer epithelial layer Editor's note: this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544. FBbt:00004993 HAO:0000298 TADS:0000109 The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. The epidermis of a more complex invertebrate is just one-layer deep, and may be protected by a non-cellular cuticle. The epidermis of a higher vertebrate has many layers, and the outer layers are reinforced with keratin and then die[WP]. UBERON:0007376 WBbt:0005733 epidermis hypodermis outer epidermal layer uberon GO:0008544 epidermis GO:0008544 WBbt:0005733 hypodermis The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. The epidermis of a more complex invertebrate is just one-layer deep, and may be protected by a non-cellular cuticle. The epidermis of a higher vertebrate has many layers, and the outer layers are reinforced with keratin and then die[WP]. Wikipedia:Epidermis_(zoology) stratum compactum AAO:0010600 Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. TAO:0001182 UBERON:0007377 ZFA:0001182 connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis dermal deep region uberon ZFA:0001182 dermal deep region ISBN10:0073040584 Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-040726-12 egg yolk AAO:0010579 BTO:0000371 MESH:A.16.631.325 The yellow spheroidal mass of stored food that forms the inner portion of the egg of a bird or reptile and is surrounded by the white. UBERON:0007378 ncithesaurus:Egg_Yolk uberon yolk BTO:0000371 yolk BTO:0000371 The yellow spheroidal mass of stored food that forms the inner portion of the egg of a bird or reptile and is surrounded by the white. Wikipedia:Yolk egg BTO:0000369 The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken; also: its contents used as food. UBERON:0007379 uberon BTO:0000369 The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken; also: its contents used as food. Wikipedia:Egg_(biology) dermal scale AAO:0010056 Dermal bone that is thin, flexible, and platelike, and that develops in overlapping skinfolds that cover the body and often the head of fish and the bases of the fins. TAO:0000277 UBERON:0007380 VSAO:0000048 ZFA:0000277 fish scale scales uberon Wikipedia:Scale_(zoology)#Fish_scales fish scale ZFA:0000277 scales Dermal bone that is thin, flexible, and platelike, and that develops in overlapping skinfolds that cover the body and often the head of fish and the bases of the fins. TAO:curator Wikipedia:Scale_(zoology)#Fish_scales epidermal scale . UBERON:0007381 uberon . Wikipedia:Reptile_scales enveloping layer of ectoderm EFO:0003425 EVL Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Originallu this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. TAO:0000086 UBERON:0007383 ZFA:0000086 enveloping layer uberon ISBN:9780878932504 Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Originallu this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 enveloping layer EVL ZFA:0000086 limb/fin lymph vessel TAO:0005300 UBERON:0007384 ZFA:0005300 uberon pectoral appendage lymph vessel TAO:0005302 UBERON:0007385 ZFA:0005302 uberon pelvic appendage lymph vessel UBERON:0007386 uberon limb/fin fin cartilage TAO:0001543 UBERON:0007389 ZFA:0001543 uberon pectoral appendage cartilage TAO:0000257 UBERON:0007390 ZFA:0000257 uberon pelvic appendage cartilage TAO:0001459 UBERON:0007391 ZFA:0001459 uberon midbrain raphe nuclei ABA:RAmb BTO:0003387 FMA:77787 Midline nuclei found in the midbrain, includes the dorsal raphe nucleus and the rostral linear nucleus of raphe. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676 UBERON:0007412 midbrain raphe midbrain raphe nuclei nuclei raphes tegmenti mesencephali raphe nuclei of tegmentum of midbrain raphe nucleus set of raphe nuclei of tegmentum of midbrain todo - check. note BTO class is placed here as it is placed in hindbrain uberon FMA:77787 raphe nuclei of tegmentum of midbrain FMA:77787 FMA:TA nuclei raphes tegmenti mesencephali Wikipedia Midline nuclei found in the midbrain, includes the dorsal raphe nucleus and the rostral linear nucleus of raphe. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676 midbrain raphe nuclei NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676 midbrain raphe FMA:77787 set of raphe nuclei of tegmentum of midbrain BTO:0003387 raphe nucleus nucleus of pontine reticular formation ABA:PRNr FMA:72245 UBERON:0007413 pontine reticular formation nucleus uberon FMA:72245 pontine reticular formation nucleus nucleus of midbrain tegmentum FMA:258768 UBERON:0007414 uberon nucleus of midbrain reticular formation ABA:MRN FMA:62443 UBERON:0007415 midbrain reticular formation nucleus midbrain reticular nucleus uberon FMA:62443 midbrain reticular formation nucleus ABA:MRN midbrain reticular nucleus cerebellar peduncle FMA:272298 MA:0002742 SCTID:362417003 UBERON:0007416 ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Peduncle uberon FMA peduncle of neuraxis FMA:83860 UBERON:0007417 neuraxis peduncle uberon FMA:83860 neuraxis peduncle decussation of neuraxis FMA:83858 UBERON:0007418 neuraxis decussation uberon FMA:83858 neuraxis decussation decussation of diencephalon FMA:62446 UBERON:0007425 diencephalon decussation uberon FMA:62446 diencephalon decussation Obol FMA stratum intermedium BTO:0005009 The stratum intermedium in a developing tooth is a layer of two or three cells between the inner enamel epithelium and the newly forming cells of the stellate reticulum. It first appears during the early bell stage of tooth development, at around the 14th week of intrauterine life (in humans). The stratum intermedium has a notably high alkaline phosphatase activity. This layer, along with the inner enamel epithelium, is responsible for the tooth enamel formation. It is a part of the dental (enamel) organ. UBERON:0007440 ncithesaurus:Stratum_Intermedium uberon BTO The stratum intermedium in a developing tooth is a layer of two or three cells between the inner enamel epithelium and the newly forming cells of the stellate reticulum. It first appears during the early bell stage of tooth development, at around the 14th week of intrauterine life (in humans). The stratum intermedium has a notably high alkaline phosphatase activity. This layer, along with the inner enamel epithelium, is responsible for the tooth enamel formation. It is a part of the dental (enamel) organ. Wikipedia:Stratum_intermedium cavity of vesicle AEO:0000079 EHDAA2:0003079 The space within an epithelial sphere. UBERON:0007473 uberon AEO:JB The space within an epithelial sphere. matrix-based tissue A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. AEO:0000081 EHDAA2:0003081 EHDAA2:0003081 UBERON:0007475 uberon A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. AEO:JB AEO fluid-based anatomical entity AEO:0000095 EHDAA2:0003095 EHDAA2:0003095 Fluid anatomical entity containing cells. UBERON:0007486 uberon AEO AEO:JB Fluid anatomical entity containing cells. keratin-based acellular structure AEO:0000099 Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is keratin. EHDAA2:0003099 EHDAA2:0003099 UBERON:0007490 uberon AEO AEO:JB Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is keratin. chitin-based acellular structure AEO:0000100 Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is chitin. EHDAA2:0003100 EHDAA2:0003100 UBERON:0007491 uberon AEO:JB Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is chitin. AEO developing epithelial placode A domain of columnar epithelium in an embryo that represents the early stage of the development of the epithelial component of a new anatomical structure. AEO:0000112 AEO:0000218 EHDAA2:0003112 EHDAA2:0003112 UBERON:0007497 epithelial placode uberon A domain of columnar epithelium in an embryo that represents the early stage of the development of the epithelial component of a new anatomical structure. JB:DEF AEO AEO:0000112 epithelial placode epithelial sac AEO:0000115 An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. EHDAA2:0003115 UBERON:0007499 uberon AEO AEO:JB An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. UBERONREF:0000001 epithelial tube open at both ends AEO:0000116 An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 UBERON:0007500 uberon AEO:JB An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. UBERONREF:0000001 AEO arborizing epithelial duct system A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal. AEO:0000117 EHDAA2:0003117 EHDAA2:0003117 UBERON:0007501 arborising epithelial duct system uberon A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal. AEO:JB UBERONREF:0000001 AEO AEO:0000117 arborising epithelial duct system epithelial plexus A complex of interlinking epithelial tubules. AEO:0000118 EHDAA2:0003118 EHDAA2:0003118 UBERON:0007502 uberon A complex of interlinking epithelial tubules. AEO:JB AEO epithelial vesicle A closed epithelium with a lumen. AEO:0000119 EHDAA2:0003119 EHDAA2:0003119 UBERON:0007503 uberon A closed epithelium with a lumen. AEO:JB AEO smooth muscle sphincter A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:0000143 EHDAA2:0003143 SCTID:362915001 UBERON:0007521 uberon AEO A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:JB striated muscle sphincter A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:0000144 EHDAA2:0003144 UBERON:0007522 uberon AEO A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:JB dense mesenchyme tissue AEO:0000146 EHDAA2:0003146 EHDAA2:0003146 Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. UBERON:0007524 uberon AEO:JB Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. AEO loose mesenchyme tissue AEO:0000151 EHDAA2:0003151 EHDAA2:0003151 Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts of extracellular matrix. UBERON:0007529 uberon AEO:JB Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts of extracellular matrix. AEO migrating mesenchyme population AEO:0000152 EHDAA2:0003152 EHDAA2:0003152 Editors note: this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. UBERON:0007530 uberon AEO:JB Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. surface sense organ UBERON:0007540 obsoleted due to incorrect logical definition. A new class with the same name may be created in the future. true uberon regenerating anatomical structure AEO:0000200 An anatomical structure that, as part of its normal physiology, undergoes regeneration. Examples include endometrium and antlers. EHDAA2:0003233 EHDAA2:0003233 TAO:0005147 UBERON:0007567 XAO:0004059 ZFA:0005147 regenerating tissue uberon AEO AEO:JB An anatomical structure that, as part of its normal physiology, undergoes regeneration. Examples include endometrium and antlers. ZFA:0005147 regenerating tissue migrating epithelium AEO:0000206 An epithelium that extends its surface area by peripheral movement. EHDAA2:0003251 EHDAA2:0003251 UBERON:0007573 uberon AEO AEO:JB An epithelium that extends its surface area by peripheral movement. apical epidermal cap TAO:0005148 UBERON:0007574 ZFA:0005148 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-070928-184 apical epidermal caps uberon ZFA:0005148 apical epidermal caps ZFA ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium FMA:62016 MA:0001719 UBERON:0007589 in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label uberon MA FMA cuboidal oviduct epithelium MA:0001720 UBERON:0007590 uberon MA ciliated columnar epithelium FMA:64798 Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA] UBERON:0007592 uberon FMA FMA:64798 Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA] ciliated epithelium UBERON:0007601 uberon stratified columnar epithelium FMA:45564 Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of columnar cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, epithelium of lactiferous sinus.[FMA] UBERON:0007602 epithelium stratificatum columnare ncithesaurus:Stratified_Columnar_Epithelium uberon FMA:45564 epithelium stratificatum columnare FMA FMA:45564 Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of columnar cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, epithelium of lactiferous sinus.[FMA] stratified cuboidal epithelium FMA:63912 Stratified cuboidal epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of cuboidally shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. They protect areas such as ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands. UBERON:0007603 epithelium stratificatum cuboideum ncithesaurus:Stratified_Cuboidal_Epithelium uberon FMA FMA:63912 epithelium stratificatum cuboideum Stratified cuboidal epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of cuboidally shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. They protect areas such as ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands. Wikipedia:Stratified_cuboidal_epithelium ciliated stratified columnar epithelium FMA:67521 UBERON:0007606 uberon FMA tibial artery GAID:514 MA:0002067 MESH:A.07.231.114.895 SCTID:181351007 The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and foot. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot. UBERON:0007610 ncithesaurus:Tibial_Artery uberon MESH:A.07.231.114.895 The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and foot. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot. MESH extensor digitorum communis A muscle on the back of the forearm that extends the fingers and wrist. BTO:0001343 FMA:38500 MA:0002293 UBERON:0007612 extensor digitorum extensor digitorum communis muscle musculus extensor digitorum ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Communis uberon dbpedia dbpedia extensor expansion of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd 3rd 4th and 5th fingers A muscle on the back of the forearm that extends the fingers and wrist. BTO:0001343 Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_muscle Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_muscle musculus extensor digitorum BTO FMA:38500 extensor digitorum BTO dbpedia extensor digitorum lateralis muscle MA:0002294 Origin distal to extensor digitorum communis. The part of this muscle that gives a tendon to the 5th digit is comparable to the extensor digiti quinti proprius of the human [ISBN10:9780716717553] UBERON:0007613 extensor digitorum lateralis ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Lateralis uberon ISBN10:9780716717553 BTO MA:0002294 extensor digitorum lateralis extensor digiti minimi FMA:38503 The extensor minimi digiti (extensor digiti quinti proprius) is a slender muscle of the forearm, placed on the ulnar side of the Extensor digitorum communis, with which it is generally connected. It arises from the common Extensor tendon by a thin tendinous slip, from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles. Its tendon runs through a compartment of the dorsal carpal ligament behind the distal radio-ulnar joint, then divides into two as it crosses the hand, and finally joins the expansion of the Extensor digitorum communis tendon on the dorsum of the first phalanx of the little finger[WP]. The tendon of insertion is sometimes divided and gives a slip to the fourth digit. An ulnar slip has been observed to end on the base of the fifth metacarpal, thus exactly reproducing the arrangement of the serially homologous slip known as peroneus tertius in the leg. The muscle may be absent in rare cases, but fusion with extensor digitorum is frequent, in which case the tendon comes from the common extensor. UBERON:0007614 extensor digiti minimi extensor digiti minimi %28hand%29 extensor digiti quinti proprius musculus extensor digiti minimi uberon at the extensor expansion located at the base of the proximal phalanx of digit V on the dorsal side dbpedia Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle extensor digiti quinti proprius http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/E/14Extensor.shtml Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle musculus extensor digiti minimi dbpedia the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle extensor digiti minimi %28hand%29 The extensor minimi digiti (extensor digiti quinti proprius) is a slender muscle of the forearm, placed on the ulnar side of the Extensor digitorum communis, with which it is generally connected. It arises from the common Extensor tendon by a thin tendinous slip, from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles. Its tendon runs through a compartment of the dorsal carpal ligament behind the distal radio-ulnar joint, then divides into two as it crosses the hand, and finally joins the expansion of the Extensor digitorum communis tendon on the dorsum of the first phalanx of the little finger[WP]. Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/E/14Extensor.shtml Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle extensor digiti minimi prostate gland ventral lobe BTO:0000490 MA:0001740 Prostate gland lobe that in the mouse has the following characteristics: grossly, clear, gelatinous, and leaf-like; originates ventrally and wraps incompletely around the urethra dorsally, bilaterally. Simple columnar epithelium with the least amount of infolding. Secretory cells are oval and have slightly foamy cytoplasm; nuclei and basal nucleoli are inconspicuous. The secretion is pale and homogeneous. The stroma is thin UBERON:0007615 uberon PMID:15163300 Prostate gland lobe that in the mouse has the following characteristics: grossly, clear, gelatinous, and leaf-like; originates ventrally and wraps incompletely around the urethra dorsally, bilaterally. Simple columnar epithelium with the least amount of infolding. Secretory cells are oval and have slightly foamy cytoplasm; nuclei and basal nucleoli are inconspicuous. The secretion is pale and homogeneous. The stroma is thin MA synovial tissue A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 UBERON:0007616 uberon A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578563/synovial-tissue BTO synovial cavity of joint FMA:11356 UBERON:0007617 articular cavity (synovial joint) cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) cavity of synovial joint uberon FMA:11356 cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) FMA:11356 articular cavity (synovial joint) FMA:11356 cavity of synovial joint synovial cavity of hip joint EMAPA:19021 FMA:9701 UBERON:0007618 uberon FMA limiting membrane of retina MA does treat internal/external limiting membranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. We do not follow this convention. However, we do following MA is grouping these terms together MA:0001318 SCTID:280667001 UBERON:0007619 retina lamina uberon MA:0001318 retina lamina pecten oculi UBERON:0007622 a comb-like structure of blood vessels belonging to the choroid in the eye of a bird or reptile. It is non-sensory and is a pigmented structure that projects into the vitreous body from the point where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. The pecten is believed to both nourish the retina and control the pH of the vitreous body. uberon Wikipedia:Pecten_oculi a comb-like structure of blood vessels belonging to the choroid in the eye of a bird or reptile. It is non-sensory and is a pigmented structure that projects into the vitreous body from the point where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. The pecten is believed to both nourish the retina and control the pH of the vitreous body. comb and wattle A wattle is a fleshy dewlap or caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds, goats and other animals. In some birds the caruncle is erectile tissue. GAID:1207 MESH:A.13.242 UBERON:0007623 comb uberon wattle wattles and comb GAID GAID:1207 comb A wattle is a fleshy dewlap or caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds, goats and other animals. In some birds the caruncle is erectile tissue. Wikipedia:Wattle_(anatomy) GAID:1207 wattles and comb GAID:1207 wattle pigment epithelium of eye epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. GAID:907 MESH:A.09.371.670 UBERON:0007625 eye pigment epithelium uberon epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. MP:0005200 MESH:A.09.371.670 eye pigment epithelium subparaventricular zone ABA:SBPV MA:0000842 UBERON:0007626 uberon MA magnocellular nucleus ABA:MA MA:0000928 UBERON:0007627 uberon ABA lateral septal complex ABA:LSX FMA:61878 MA:0000933 UBERON:0007628 todo - split nucleus and complex uberon MA ABA medial septal complex ABA:MSC FMA:61879 MA:0000934 UBERON:0007629 uberon MA septohippocampal nucleus ABA:SH MA:0000939 UBERON:0007630 uberon MA accessory olfactory bulb glomerular layer ABA:AOBgl MA:0000967 UBERON:0007631 uberon ABA barrington's nucleus ABA:B MA:0001011 UBERON:0007632 uberon MA MA nucleus of trapezoid body ABA:NTB BM:NTB FMA:84023 MA:0001018 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_745 SCTID:362405000 UBERON:0007633 consider splitting into nucleus and complex uberon MA MA parabrachial nucleus ABA:PB BM:PB MA:0001019 UBERON:0007634 uberon MA MA nucleus of medulla oblongata FMA:258772 SCTID:304943004 UBERON:0007635 uberon hippocampus stratum lucidum A cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA3 field of the HIPPOCAMPUS that is deep to the Stratum pyramidale hippocampi and superficial to the Stratum radiatum (Hof-2000). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4108 UBERON:0007637 ncithesaurus:Stratum_Lucidum stratum lucidum stratum lucidum hippocampi uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4108 stratum lucidum Wikipedia:Stratum_lucidum_of_hippocampus stratum lucidum hippocampi A cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA3 field of the HIPPOCAMPUS that is deep to the Stratum pyramidale hippocampi and superficial to the Stratum radiatum (Hof-2000). Wikipedia:Stratum_lucidum_of_hippocampus nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource hippocampus alveus FMA:83867 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1510 Regional part of fornix consisting of a thin layer of white matter on the surface of the hippocampal formation, bordering the wall of the lateral ventricle and composed of white, myelinated fibers. The alveus arises from cell bodies in the subiculum and hippocampus, and eventually merges with the fimbria of the hippocampus. The fimbria goes on to become the fornix (MM: 2006-10-26). SCTID:369094002 UBERON:0007639 alveus alveus of hippocampus ncithesaurus:Alveus neuraxis alveus todo - check xref: ncithesaurus:Alveus uberon Wikipedia NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1510 alveus FMA:83867 alveus of hippocampus FMA:83867 neuraxis alveus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1510 Regional part of fornix consisting of a thin layer of white matter on the surface of the hippocampal formation, bordering the wall of the lateral ventricle and composed of white, myelinated fibers. The alveus arises from cell bodies in the subiculum and hippocampus, and eventually merges with the fimbria of the hippocampus. The fimbria goes on to become the fornix (MM: 2006-10-26). hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare A cytoarchitectural term denoting the outermost layer of the hippocampus (Stephan-75) (NeuroNames). FMA:83149 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1359 UBERON:0007640 lacunar-molecular layer of hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare stratum lacunosum-moleculare uberon A cytoarchitectural term denoting the outermost layer of the hippocampus (Stephan-75) (NeuroNames). nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource ABA:ABA stratum lacunosum-moleculare NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1359 stratum lacunosum moleculare FMA:83149 lacunar-molecular layer of hippocampus trigeminal nuclear complex BM:V FMA:71248 In MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate. NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4096 The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. UBERON:0007641 nuclei trigemini trigeminal nuclei uberon FMA FMA:71248 trigeminal nuclei Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei nuclei trigemini The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei FMA ligamentum arteriosum Botallo's duct Botallo's ligament FMA:13421 Harvey's ligament SCTID:198009004 UBERON:0007642 a small ligament attached to the superior surface of the pulmonary trunk and the inferior surface of the aortic arch. It is a nonfunctional vestige of the ductus arteriosus, and is formed within three weeks of birth. The ligamentum arteriosum is closely related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the left vagus nerve. After splitting from the left vagus nerve, the left recurrent laryngeal loops around the aortic arch posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum, after which it ascends to the larynx[WP]. arterial ligament uberon Botallo's ligament FMA:13421 Botallo's duct FMA:13421 Wikipedia:Ligamentum_arteriosum arterial ligament Wikipedia:Ligamentum_arteriosum a small ligament attached to the superior surface of the pulmonary trunk and the inferior surface of the aortic arch. It is a nonfunctional vestige of the ductus arteriosus, and is formed within three weeks of birth. The ligamentum arteriosum is closely related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the left vagus nerve. After splitting from the left vagus nerve, the left recurrent laryngeal loops around the aortic arch posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum, after which it ascends to the larynx[WP]. FMA:13421 Harvey's ligament FMA node of ligamentum arteriosum Botallo's node FMA:74033 UBERON:0007643 an inconstant lymph node of the anterior mediastinal group located adjacent to the ligamentum arteriosum. ligamentum arteriosum node lymph node of ligamentum arteriosum nodus ligamenti arteriosi uberon UBERON:cjm lymph node of ligamentum arteriosum FMA:74033 ligamentum arteriosum node an inconstant lymph node of the anterior mediastinal group located adjacent to the ligamentum arteriosum. http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?node+of+ligamentum+arteriosum Botallo's node FMA:74033 FMA http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?node+of+ligamentum+arteriosum nodus ligamenti arteriosi thoracic lymph node A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes FMA:12772 SCTID:196374005 UBERON:0007644 lymph node of thorax ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Lymph_Node uberon FMA A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes Obol:automatic Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Lymph_nodes_of_the_thorax FMA:12772 lymph node of thorax future meninx Development notes: previously had a develops_from link to mesoderm but this had no source. The zebrafish primitive meninx develops from neural crest[UBERONREF:0000002] UBERON:0007645 uberon ISBN10:0073040584 endomeninx UBERON:0007646 the layer of embryonic mesoderm from which the arachnoid coat and pia mater of the brain develop. uberon http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/endomeninx the layer of embryonic mesoderm from which the arachnoid coat and pia mater of the brain develop. ectomeninx UBERON:0007647 the layer of mesoderm from which the dura mater and much of the membrane bone of the skull develop in the higher vertebrate embryo. uberon http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/ectomeninx the layer of mesoderm from which the dura mater and much of the membrane bone of the skull develop in the higher vertebrate embryo. esophagogastric junction BTO:0004364 FMA:9434 GAID:292 MESH:A.03.365.414 SCTID:362130006 UBERON:0007650 cardioesophageal junction esophageal sphincter esophagogastric junction gastroesophageal junction ncithesaurus:Gastroesophageal_Junction the junction between the esophagus and the stomach epithelium uberon FMA:9434 gastroesophageal junction http://www.thefreedictionary.com/esophagogastric+junction the junction between the esophagus and the stomach epithelium MESH FMA:9434 cardioesophageal junction tFD MESH:A.03.365.414 esophagogastric junction MESH:A.03.365.414 esophageal sphincter anatomical junction Anatomical structure in which parts of two or more anatomical structures establish physical continuity with one another or intermingle their component parts. Examples: gastroesophageal junction, line alba, knee joint.[FMA] FMA:5898 SCTID:91833003 UBERON:0007651 uberon FMA Anatomical structure in which parts of two or more anatomical structures establish physical continuity with one another or intermingle their component parts. Examples: gastroesophageal junction, line alba, knee joint.[FMA] FMA:5898 esophageal sphincter SCTID:277765007 TAO:0000415 UBERON:0007652 ZFA:0000415 editor note - check for specific subtypes across species. Note mammals have upper and lower, but lower is really part of cardia and thus is not classified under here oesophagial sphincter uberon ZFA:0000415 oesophagial sphincter capillary loop nephron Developing nephron where the developing glomerular capsule has been invaded by a glomerular capillary loop called the glomerular tuft. EMAPA:28506 TODO UBERON:0007653 ZFA:0005590 developing capillary loop stage nephron stage III nephron uberon http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Capillary_loop.html stage III nephron ZFA cjm EMAPA:28506 developing capillary loop stage nephron Developing nephron where the developing glomerular capsule has been invaded by a glomerular capillary loop called the glomerular tuft. ZFIN:curator maturing nephron EMAPA:28485 TODO UBERON:0007654 stage IV nephron uberon EMAPA EMAPA:28485 stage IV nephron cjm lateral recess of fourth ventricle EMAPA:17257 FMA:78470 SCTID:369283008 The lateral recess is a projection of the fourth ventricle which extends into the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the brainstem. The lateral aperture, an opening in each extremity of the lateral recess, provides a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain's ventricular system into the subarachnoid space. UBERON:0007656 lateral recess recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti uberon EMAPA:17257 lateral recess The lateral recess is a projection of the fourth ventricle which extends into the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the brainstem. The lateral aperture, an opening in each extremity of the lateral recess, provides a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain's ventricular system into the subarachnoid space. Wikipedia:Lateral_recess Wikipedia:Lateral_recess recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti FMA EMAPA anular ligament of radius EMAPA:19322 FMA:38872 SCTID:182394000 The anular ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna UBERON:0007657 annular ligament of radius anular ligament ligamentum anulare radii orbicular ligament of radius uberon FMA:38872 FMA:TA ligamentum anulare radii FMA:38872 orbicular ligament of radius The anular ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna Wikipedia:Anular_ligament_of_radius FMA FMA:38872 annular ligament of radius EMAPA:19322 anular ligament FMA intersegmental vein EMAPA:26056 FMA:76965 ISV SCTID:361448009 TAO:0001057 UBERON:0007679 ZFA:0001057 a vein receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary vein[web]. Primary intersegmental vessels that are contacted by secondary angiogenic sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein and take on the characteristics of veins. These eventually link with other secondary sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein to form the parachordal vessel[ZFA]. intersegmental pulmonary vein segmental vein uberon ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4 a vein receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary vein[web]. Primary intersegmental vessels that are contacted by secondary angiogenic sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein and take on the characteristics of veins. These eventually link with other secondary sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein to form the parachordal vessel[ZFA]. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97310 EMAPA:26056 segmental vein FMA ISV ZFA:0001057 FMA:76965 intersegmental pulmonary vein facial neural crest Cranial neural crest that is part of the facial region. EMAPA:16311 TAO:0000875 UBERON:0007681 VHOG:0001209 ZFA:0000875 uberon OG Cranial neural crest that is part of the facial region. ZFA:0000875 ZFA EMAPA lateral mesenchyme derived from mesoderm EFO:0003590 EMAPA:16409 TAO:0000905 UBERON:0007683 ZFA:0000905 uberon ZFA uriniferous tubule FMA:17691 UBERON:0007684 functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule. uberon ISBN10:0073040584 functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule. FMA region of nephron tubule FMA:17692 UBERON:0007685 note - consider moving MA:0000377 renal tubule here, as it includes the various segments (proximal etc) as subclasses, not parts renal tubule region uberon FMA:17692 renal tubule region Hatschek's pit/nephridium UBERON:0007686 true uberon kidney field UBERON:0007687 kidney anlage region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop. uberon GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 kidney anlage GO:0072004 GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop. anlage AEO:0000170 Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. EHDAA2:0003170 FBbt:00005426 UBERON:0007688 field uberon FBbt EHDAA2 Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. FBbt:00005426 JB:DEF Wikipedia:Anlage_(biology) thyroid diverticulum UBERON:0007689 endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]. saccus thyroideus; diverticulum thyroideum uberon MP:0004662 Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]. Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum saccus thyroideus; diverticulum thyroideum early pharyngeal endoderm . EFO:0003626 EHDAA2:0001457 EHDAA:962 TAO:0001104 UBERON:0007690 ZFA:0001104 early pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal endoderm pharyngeal region endoderm relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' uberon EHDAA2:0001457 early pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0001456 pharyngeal region endoderm . http://dev.biologists.org/content/128/22/4573.full ZFA:0001104 pharyngeal endoderm ZFA cjm EHDAA2 gustatory pore FMA:63589 SCTID:368724008 The minute opening of a taste bud on the surface of the oral mucosa through which the gustatory hairs of the specialised neuroepithelial gustatory cells project. UBERON:0007691 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Taste_bud.svg ncithesaurus:Taste_Pore porus gustatorius taste pore uberon The minute opening of a taste bud on the surface of the oral mucosa through which the gustatory hairs of the specialised neuroepithelial gustatory cells project. http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?gustatory+pore FMA http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?gustatory+pore porus gustatorius FMA FMA:63589 taste pore nucleus of thalamus BTO:0002452 FMA:256693 MA:0002992 SCTID:279115000 UBERON:0007692 nuclear complex of thalamus todo - consider splitting nucleus and complex uberon FMA:256693 nuclear complex of thalamus caroticotympanic artery FMA:49828 SCTID:148470005 The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery. UBERON:0007693 arteriae caroticotympanicae, ramus caroticotympanicus caroticotympanic branch uberon Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries arteriae caroticotympanicae, ramus caroticotympanicus Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries caroticotympanic branch FMA The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery. Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572 tract of spinal cord FMA:75683 UBERON:0007699 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Tract spinal cord tract uberon FMA:75683 spinal cord tract FMA tract of brain FMA:83848 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1649 UBERON:0007702 brain tract todo - check NIF placement uberon FMA FMA:83848 brain tract spinothalamic tract NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010017 SCTID:280417000 UBERON:0007703 a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling[GO]. uberon Wikipedia:Spinothalamic_tract a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling[GO]. superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162 Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle, located in the midbrain, consisting of a large bundle of fibers largely projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the midbrain and thalamus. It is continuous with the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. (MM). SCPMB UBERON:0007707 superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162 SCPMB NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162 Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle, located in the midbrain, consisting of a large bundle of fibers largely projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the midbrain and thalamus. It is continuous with the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. (MM). NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162 superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain NIF superior cerebellar peduncle of pons FMA:72495 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1726 NeuroNames:1007150190 SCPP UBERON:0007709 note that FMA:72495 most likely denotes this class rather than the more generic parent, due to the part of relationship to pontine tegmentum. superior cerebellar peduncle of pons uberon FMA NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1726 superior cerebellar peduncle of pons NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1726 SCPP intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus ABA:NLLh FMA:77485 UBERON:0007710 nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part todo - check uberon ABA:NLLh nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part sixth cervical dorsal root ganglion EMAPA:25159 FMA:6319 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2608 UBERON:0007711 sixth cervical dorsal root ganglia sixth cervical dorsal root ganglion sixth cervical spinal ganglion uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2608 sixth cervical dorsal root ganglion FMA:6319 sixth cervical dorsal root ganglia FMA:6319 sixth cervical spinal ganglion NIF_GrossAnatomy fourth thoracic spinal ganglion EMAPA:25177 FMA:6324 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2614 UBERON:0007712 forth thoracic dorsal root ganglion fourth thoracic dorsal root ganglion uberon FMA FMA:6324 fourth thoracic dorsal root ganglion UBERON:cjm fourth thoracic dorsal root ganglion NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2614 forth thoracic dorsal root ganglion fourth sacral spinal ganglion EMAPA:25173 FMA:6345 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2631 UBERON:0007713 forth sacral dorsal root ganglion fourth sacral dorsal root ganglion uberon FMA FMA:6345 fourth sacral dorsal root ganglion UBERON:cjm fourth sacral dorsal root ganglion NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2631 forth sacral dorsal root ganglion cervical subsegment of spinal cord FMA:256653 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1688 SCTID:278749009 UBERON:0007714 segment part of cervical spinal cord uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1688 segment part of cervical spinal cord FMA NIF thoracic subsegment of spinal cord FMA:256655 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_892 UBERON:0007715 segment part of thoracic spinal cord uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_892 segment part of thoracic spinal cord FMA NIF lumbar subsegment of spinal cord FMA:256657 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1652 SCTID:278751008 UBERON:0007716 segment part of lumbar spinal cord uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1652 segment part of lumbar spinal cord FMA NIF sacral subsegment of spinal cord FMA:256659 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1512 SCTID:278752001 UBERON:0007717 segment part of sacral spinal cord uberon FMA NIF NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1512 segment part of sacral spinal cord principal artery to limb UBERON:0007718 uberon MA os penis/os clitoris UBERON:0007719 baculum uberon interphalangeal joint of toe FMA:35225 MESH:A.02.835.583.378.900 SCTID:182225005 The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to that in the metatarsophalangeal articulations: the Extensor tendons supply the places of dorsal ligaments. UBERON:0007721 foot interphalangeal joint interphalangeal joint of foot ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint_of_the_Foot ncithesaurus:Toe_Joint toe joint uberon FMA The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to that in the metatarsophalangeal articulations: the Extensor tendons supply the places of dorsal ligaments. Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_foot FMA:35225 interphalangeal joint of foot MESH:A.02.835.583.378.900 toe joint MESH:A.02.835.583.378.900 foot interphalangeal joint interphalangeal joint of finger FMA:35285 IP joint SCTID:303280009 The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb): "proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges "distal interphalangeal joints" (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges A similar group of articulations also function in the toes. UBERON:0007722 articulationes digitorum manus articulationes interphalangeae manus articulations of the digits interphalangeal articulations of hand interphalangeal joint of hand interphalangeal joints of hand ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint_of_the_Hand uberon The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb): "proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges "distal interphalangeal joints" (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges A similar group of articulations also function in the toes. Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand interphalangeal joints of hand FMA:35285 IP joint FMA Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand articulations of the digits Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand articulationes interphalangeae manus Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand articulationes digitorum manus FMA:35285 interphalangeal joint of hand Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand interphalangeal articulations of hand interphalangeal joint of thumb EMAPA:25058 FMA:35312 SCTID:182192008 Taxon notes: in humans, this connects proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb UBERON:0007723 interphalangeal joint of first digit of hand interphalangeal joint of hand digit 1 interphalangeal joint of manus digit 1 interphalangeal joint of pollex uberon FMA:35312 interphalangeal joint of first digit of hand interphalangeal joint of big toe EMAPA:26430 FMA:35353 SCTID:363671008 UBERON:0007724 interphalangeal joint of first digit of foot interphalangeal joint of foot digit 1 interphalangeal joint of great toe interphalangeal joint of hallux interphalangeal joint of pes digit 1 uberon FMA:35353 interphalangeal joint of first digit of foot FMA:35353 interphalangeal joint of great toe interphalangeal joint of second toe EMAPA:26448 FMA:35356 UBERON:0007725 interphalangeal joint of second digit of foot uberon FMA:35356 interphalangeal joint of second digit of foot interphalangeal joint of third toe EMAPA:26454 FMA:35359 UBERON:0007726 interphalangeal joint of third digit of foot uberon FMA:35359 interphalangeal joint of third digit of foot interphalangeal joint of fourth toe EMAPA:26466 FMA:35362 UBERON:0007727 interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot uberon FMA:35362 interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot interphalangeal joint of little toe EMAPA:26478 FMA:35365 UBERON:0007728 interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot interphalangeal joint of fifth toe uberon FMA:35365 interphalangeal joint of fifth toe FMA:35365 interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot interphalangeal joint of index finger EMAPA:25061 FMA:35397 UBERON:0007729 interphalangeal joint of second digit of hand interphalangeal joint of second finger uberon FMA:35397 interphalangeal joint of second digit of hand EMAPA FMA:35397 interphalangeal joint of second finger interphalangeal joint of middle finger EMAPA:25064 FMA:35400 UBERON:0007730 interphalangeal joint of third digit of hand interphalangeal joint of third finger uberon FMA:35400 interphalangeal joint of third digit of hand FMA:35400 interphalangeal joint of third finger interphalangeal joint of ring finger EMAPA:25067 FMA:35403 UBERON:0007731 interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand interphalangeal joint of fourth finger uberon FMA:35403 interphalangeal joint of fourth finger FMA:35403 interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand interphalangeal joint of little finger EMAPA:25070 FMA:35407 UBERON:0007732 interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand interphalangeal joint of fifth finger uberon FMA:35407 interphalangeal joint of fifth finger FMA:35407 interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb EMAPA:25057 FMA:35249 SCTID:361844001 UBERON:0007735 metacarpophalangeal joint of first digit of hand uberon FMA:35249 metacarpophalangeal joint of first digit of hand FMA metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger EMAPA:25060 FMA:35252 SCTID:361845000 UBERON:0007738 metacarpophalangeal joint of second digit of hand metacarpophalangeal joint of second finger uberon FMA:35252 metacarpophalangeal joint of second digit of hand FMA FMA:35252 metacarpophalangeal joint of second finger metacarpophalangeal joint of middle finger EMAPA:25063 FMA:35255 SCTID:361846004 UBERON:0007741 metacarpophalangeal joint of third digit of hand metacarpophalangeal joint of third finger uberon FMA:35255 metacarpophalangeal joint of third digit of hand FMA FMA:35255 metacarpophalangeal joint of third finger metacarpophalangeal joint of ring finger EMAPA:25066 FMA:35258 SCTID:361847008 UBERON:0007744 metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth finger uberon FMA:35258 metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand FMA:35258 metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth finger FMA metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger EMAPA:25069 FMA:35261 SCTID:361848003 UBERON:0007747 metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth finger uberon FMA:35261 metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth finger FMA:35261 metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand FMA metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe EMAPA:26436 FMA:35228 UBERON:0007750 metatarsophalangeal joint of first digit of foot metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect uberon FMA:35228 metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe FMA FMA:35228 metatarsophalangeal joint of first digit of foot metatarsophalangeal joint of second toe EMAPA:26442 FMA:35231 SCTID:361869001 UBERON:0007753 metatarsophalangeal joint of second digit of foot note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect uberon FMA:35231 metatarsophalangeal joint of second digit of foot FMA metatarsophalangeal joint of third toe EMAPA:26460 FMA:35234 SCTID:361870000 UBERON:0007756 metatarsophalangeal joint of third digit of foot note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect uberon FMA FMA:35234 metatarsophalangeal joint of third digit of foot metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth toe EMAPA:26472 FMA:35237 SCTID:361871001 UBERON:0007759 metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect uberon FMA FMA:35237 metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe EMAPA:26484 FMA:35240 SCTID:361872008 UBERON:0007762 metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect uberon FMA:35240 metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot FMA FMA:35240 metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe cerebellum culmen ABA splits culmen into IV and V and IV-V ABA:CUL FMA:83886 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_926 SCTID:279384001 UBERON:0007763 culmen neuraxis culmen uberon FMA:83886 neuraxis culmen MA:0001001 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_926 culmen ABA FMA paramedian reticular nucleus ABA:PMR FMA:72583 The paramedian reticular nucleus (in Terminologia Anatomica, or paramedian medullary reticular group in NeuroNames) sends its connections to the spinal cord in a mostly ipsilateral manner, although there is some decussation. It projects to the vermis in the anterior lobe, the pyramis and the uvula. The paramedian nucleus also projects to the contralateral PRN, the gigantocellular nucleus, and the nucleus ambiguous. The paramedian reticular formation is adjacent to the abducens (VI)nucleus in the pons and adjacent to the oculomotor nucleus(III) in the midbrain. The paramedian nucleus receives afferents mostly from the fastigial nucleus in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex; however, the projections from the spinal cord are very sparse. The descending afferent connections come mostly from the frontal and parietal lobes; however the pontine reticular formation also sends projections to the paramedian reticular nucleus. There are also very sparse innervations from the superior colliculus. Lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus have been shown to cause a stereotyped increase in the random patterns of motion in rats. The paramedian nuclei on either side of the brain stem have been shown to mediate the horizontal eye movements on their ipsilateral sides. It seems possible that that the random motion patterns of the above rats were caused by an inability to mediate their horizontal eye movements. UBERON:0007764 nucleus reticularis paramedianus paramedian nucleus reticularis todo - check uberon ventral paramedian reticular nucleus FMA Wikipedia:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus paramedian nucleus reticularis Wikipedia:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus nucleus reticularis paramedianus FMA:72583 ventral paramedian reticular nucleus The paramedian reticular nucleus (in Terminologia Anatomica, or paramedian medullary reticular group in NeuroNames) sends its connections to the spinal cord in a mostly ipsilateral manner, although there is some decussation. It projects to the vermis in the anterior lobe, the pyramis and the uvula. The paramedian nucleus also projects to the contralateral PRN, the gigantocellular nucleus, and the nucleus ambiguous. The paramedian reticular formation is adjacent to the abducens (VI)nucleus in the pons and adjacent to the oculomotor nucleus(III) in the midbrain. The paramedian nucleus receives afferents mostly from the fastigial nucleus in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex; however, the projections from the spinal cord are very sparse. The descending afferent connections come mostly from the frontal and parietal lobes; however the pontine reticular formation also sends projections to the paramedian reticular nucleus. There are also very sparse innervations from the superior colliculus. Lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus have been shown to cause a stereotyped increase in the random patterns of motion in rats. The paramedian nuclei on either side of the brain stem have been shown to mediate the horizontal eye movements on their ipsilateral sides. It seems possible that that the random motion patterns of the above rats were caused by an inability to mediate their horizontal eye movements. Wikipedia:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus dorsal premammillary nucleus ABA:PMd FMA:77006 UBERON:0007767 uberon ventral premammillary nucleus ABA:PMv FMA:77007 UBERON:0007768 uberon medial preoptic region ABA:MPO MA:0000839 UBERON:0007769 medial preoptic area uberon ABA:MPO medial preoptic area MA osphradium BTO:0004995 The osphradium is the olfactory organ in certain molluscs, linked with the respiration organ. The main function of this is to test incoming water for silt and other possible food particles. It is used by all members of the Genus Conus. UBERON:0007770 uberon BTO:0004995 The osphradium is the olfactory organ in certain molluscs, linked with the respiration organ. The main function of this is to test incoming water for silt and other possible food particles. It is used by all members of the Genus Conus. Wikipedia:Osphradium BTO epidermis gland FMA:59153 UBERON:0007771 gland of epidermis uberon FMA:59153 gland of epidermis scrotal sweat FMA:73266 UBERON:0007772 sweat of scrotum uberon FMA FMA:73266 sweat of scrotum scrotal sweat gland EMAPA:29743 UBERON:0007773 uberon secondary dentition FMA:75152 GAID:1251 MESH:A.14.254.237 The teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) UBERON:0007774 adult dentition dentes permanentes permanent dentition permanent teeth secondary dentition set of permanent teeth set of secondary teeth uberon GAID:1251 adult dentition FMA:75152 permanent teeth FMA:75152 set of permanent teeth GAID:1251 permanent dentition GAID:1251 secondary dentition FMA MESH:A.14.254.237 The teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) FMA:75152 set of secondary teeth FMA:75152 FMA:TA dentes permanentes secondary tooth FMA:55654 GAT in FMA Permanent teeth are the second set of teeth formed in humans[WP]. SCTID:245563006 UBERON:0007775 dentes permanentes ncithesaurus:Permanent_Tooth permanent tooth uberon Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth dentes permanentes FMA:55654 permanent tooth Permanent teeth are the second set of teeth formed in humans[WP]. Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth unerupted tooth A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group. GAID:1268 MESH:A.14.254.860.715 UBERON:0007776 uberon unerupted teeth A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group. MESH:A.14.254.860.715 GAID:1268 unerupted teeth umbilical vein endothelium BTO:0001416 UBERON:0007777 uberon BTO umbilical artery endothelium BTO:0000857 UBERON:0007778 uberon BTO transudate Body substance in liquid state, which is derived from plasma by passage through the (intact) wall of capillaries without further processing by secretory cells or glands. FMA:12276 GAID:1195 MESH:A.12.383 UBERON:0007779 ncithesaurus:Transudate uberon Body substance in liquid state, which is derived from plasma by passage through the (intact) wall of capillaries without further processing by secretory cells or glands. FMA:12276 exudate Exudates are fluids, cells, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from blood vessels usually from inflamed tissues. MESH:A.12.383 UBERON:0007780 ncithesaurus:Exudate transudates and exudate uberon Exudates are fluids, cells, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from blood vessels usually from inflamed tissues. MESH:A.12.383 GAID:1195 transudates and exudate labyrinthine fluid Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332) GAID:1183 MESH:A.12.207.571 UBERON:0007793 labyrinthine fluid uberon Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332) MESH:A.12.207.571 MESH:A.12.207.571 labyrinthine fluid MESH serous fluid FMA:20932 Transudate contained in a serous sac. UBERON:0007794 uberon FMA:20932 Transudate contained in a serous sac. FMA ascitic fluid BTO:0000091 GAID:1175 MESH:A.12.207.119 The serous fluid which accumulates in the peritoneal cavity in ascites. UBERON:0007795 ascites ascites fluid todo - move to pathological anatomical entity ontology uberon MESH:A.12.207.119 The serous fluid which accumulates in the peritoneal cavity in ascites. BTO:0000091 ascites BTO BTO:0000091 ascites fluid vascular system BTO:0001085 EHDAA2:0004520 MA:0002718 UBERON:0007798 in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system ncithesaurus:Vascular_System uberon MA mixed dentition GAID:1250 MESH:A.14.254.229 SCTID:245545006 The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) UBERON:0007799 transitional dentition uberon GAID MESH:A.14.254.229 The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) GAID:1250 transitional dentition proatlas UBERON:0007800 a small, paired bony element (more rarely, having fused parts) located between the skull and the atlas in tuataras, crocodiles, chameleons, and many fossil reptiles; it is uncommon in turtles and mammals (hedgehog). The proatlas apparently develops from the ossified neural part of the sclerotome. Externally it resembles the neural arch of the vertebra, since it articulates anteriorly with the lateral occipital bone and posteriorly with the anterior articular process of the atlas. uberon a small, paired bony element (more rarely, having fused parts) located between the skull and the atlas in tuataras, crocodiles, chameleons, and many fossil reptiles; it is uncommon in turtles and mammals (hedgehog). The proatlas apparently develops from the ossified neural part of the sclerotome. Externally it resembles the neural arch of the vertebra, since it articulates anteriorly with the lateral occipital bone and posteriorly with the anterior articular process of the atlas. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Proatlas pygostyle Pygostyle refers to a number of the final few caudal vertebrae fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these[WP]. SCTID:416894001 UBERON:0007801 uberon Pygostyle refers to a number of the final few caudal vertebrae fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these[WP]. Wikipedia:Pygostyle uropygial gland A large gland at the base of a bird's tail that secretes an oil used in preening. BTO:0001420 SCTID:48626006 The gland is found near the base of the tail and is shaped into two symmetric parts. The oil of each part of the gland is secreted through the surface of the skin through a grease nipple-like nub. A bird will typically transfer this oil to its feathers by rubbing its head against the oil and then around the rest of the body. Tailward areas are usually preened utilizing the beak. Not all birds have a uropygial gland. Exceptions include the emu, ostrich, and bustards. These typically find other means to stay clean and dry, such as taking a dust bath UBERON:0007802 oil gland uberon BTO:0001420 oil gland A large gland at the base of a bird's tail that secretes an oil used in preening. BTO:0001420 Wikipedia:Uropygial_gland BTO BTO preen oil UBERON:0007803 uberon sclerotic ring Sclerotic rings are rings of bone found in the eyes of several groups of vertebrate animals, except for mammals and crocodilians. They can be made up of single bones or small bones together. They are believed to have a role in supporting the eye, especially in animals whose eyes are not spherical, or which live underwater. Fossil sclerotic rings are known for a variety of extinct animals, including ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, but are often not preserved[WP]. UBERON:0007804 scleral ring uberon Sclerotic rings are rings of bone found in the eyes of several groups of vertebrate animals, except for mammals and crocodilians. They can be made up of single bones or small bones together. They are believed to have a role in supporting the eye, especially in animals whose eyes are not spherical, or which live underwater. Fossil sclerotic rings are known for a variety of extinct animals, including ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, but are often not preserved[WP]. Wikipedia:Sclerotic_ring Wikipedia:Sclerotic_ring scleral ring PMID:17051547 synsacrum AAO:0000740 SCTID:67943001 The synsacrum is a skeletal structure, mainly described in birds and dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially-fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae. The ilium of the pelvis is attached to the synsacrum and, in some species, may also be fused to it. Together with the pelvis this forms a rigid structure which carries the weight of the hind end of the animal. In living and some prehistoric birds, posterior to the synsacrum there are usually only a few free caudal vertebrae, on the end of which lies the pygostyle[WP]. Complex of synostotically fused vertebrae supporting the pelvic girdle. In anurans, the synsacrum is formed by two vertebrae and the urostyle is fused to its posterior end[AAO]. UBERON:0007805 uberon AAO AAO:Pugener_2002 The synsacrum is a skeletal structure, mainly described in birds and dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially-fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae. The ilium of the pelvis is attached to the synsacrum and, in some species, may also be fused to it. Together with the pelvis this forms a rigid structure which carries the weight of the hind end of the animal. In living and some prehistoric birds, posterior to the synsacrum there are usually only a few free caudal vertebrae, on the end of which lies the pygostyle[WP]. Complex of synostotically fused vertebrae supporting the pelvic girdle. In anurans, the synsacrum is formed by two vertebrae and the urostyle is fused to its posterior end[AAO]. Wikipedia:Synsacrum connecting stalk A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues; the precursor of the umbilical cord. BTO:0004705 UBERON:0007806 ncithesaurus:Connecting_Stalk todo - this is currently defined as a bridge of mesoderm, but in EHDAA2 is extraembryonic structure split into mesoderm and blood vessels uberon A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues; the precursor of the umbilical cord. Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ EHDAA2 EHDAA2 connecting stalk blood vessels EHDAA2:0000313 UBERON:0007807 uberon EHDAA2 abdominal adipose tissue Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively. BTO:0004041 UBERON:0007808 abdominal fat intra-abdominal fat organ fat uberon visceral adipose tissue visceral fat BTO BTO:0004041 visceral adipose tissue BTO:0004041 visceral fat BTO:0004041 abdominal fat BTO:0004041 organ fat BTO:0004041 intra-abdominal fat BTO Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively. BTO:0004041 fascia of Camper Camper's fascia FMA:19922 The superficial layer (fascia of Camper) is a thick superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is areolar in texture, and contains in its meshes a varying quantity of adipose tissue. It is found superficial to Scarpa's fascia. . UBERON:0007809 adipose layer of superficial fascia of abdomen camper's fascia fascia investiens intermedia abdominis fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of abdomen fatty layer of superficial fascia of abdomen intermediate investing fascia of abdomen panniculus adiposus abdominis panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae abdominis superficial layer of superficial fascia of abdomen uberon Camper's fascia Wikipedia:Fascia_of_Camper FMA:19922 adipose layer of superficial fascia of abdomen FMA:19922 superficial layer of superficial fascia of abdomen FMA:19922 FMA:TA fascia investiens intermedia abdominis FMA:19922 fatty layer of superficial fascia of abdomen The superficial layer (fascia of Camper) is a thick superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is areolar in texture, and contains in its meshes a varying quantity of adipose tissue. It is found superficial to Scarpa's fascia. . Wikipedia:Fascia_of_Camper FMA:19922 fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of abdomen FMA:19922 camper's fascia FMA FMA:19922 intermediate investing fascia of abdomen Wikipedia FMA:19922 FMA:TA panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae abdominis Wikipedia:Fascia_of_Camper panniculus adiposus abdominis craniocervical region EV:0100009 FMA:280881 MA:0000006 SCTID:361355005 The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. UBERON:0007811 galen:HeadAndNeck head and neck head or neck ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck uberon The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. UBERON:cjm MA FMA:280881 head and neck post-anal tail AAO:0010338 EHDAA2:0003109 MA:0000008 TAO:0001117 Taxon notes: present at some time in chordate life history (eg in Urochordates, present only in free-swimming larvae). Function: propellor locomotion (in some species) UBERON:0007812 XAO:0003026 ZFA:0001117 a tail that extends from the posterior tip of the organism to the anus, contains muscle and skeleton. muscular postanal tail ncithesaurus:Tail postanal tail uberon UBERON:cjm a tail that extends from the posterior tip of the organism to the anus, contains muscle and skeleton. major alar cartilage FMA:59504 SCTID:361928006 The greater alar cartilage (lower lateral cartilage) is a thin, flexible plate, situated immediately below the preceding, and bent upon itself in such a manner as to form the medial wall and lateral wall of the naris of its own side. The portion which forms the medial wall (crus mediale) is loosely connected with the corresponding portion of the opposite cartilage, the two forming, together with the thickened integument and subjacent tissue, the septum mobile nasi. The part which forms the lateral wall (crus laterale) is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages). Above, it is connected by fibrous tissue to the lateral cartilage and front part of the cartilage of the septum; below, it falls short of the margin of the naris, the ala being completed by fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin. In front, the greater alar cartilages are separated by a notch which corresponds with the apex of the nose. UBERON:0007818 cartilago alaris major cartilago alaris major greater alar cartilage uberon FMA FMA:59504 greater alar cartilage FMA:59504 cartilago alaris major Wikipedia:Greater_alar_cartilage cartilago alaris major The greater alar cartilage (lower lateral cartilage) is a thin, flexible plate, situated immediately below the preceding, and bent upon itself in such a manner as to form the medial wall and lateral wall of the naris of its own side. The portion which forms the medial wall (crus mediale) is loosely connected with the corresponding portion of the opposite cartilage, the two forming, together with the thickened integument and subjacent tissue, the septum mobile nasi. The part which forms the lateral wall (crus laterale) is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages). Above, it is connected by fibrous tissue to the lateral cartilage and front part of the cartilage of the septum; below, it falls short of the margin of the naris, the ala being completed by fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin. In front, the greater alar cartilages are separated by a notch which corresponds with the apex of the nose. Wikipedia:Greater_alar_cartilage minor alar cartilage FMA:59507 The part which forms the lateral wall is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages. UBERON:0007819 cartilago alaris minor lesser alar cartilage uberon Wikipedia:Lesser_alar_cartilages cartilago alaris minor The part which forms the lateral wall is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages. Wikipedia:Lesser_alar_cartilages FMA FMA:59507 lesser alar cartilage accessory nasal cartilage FMA:59510 UBERON:0007820 uberon FMA lateral nasal cartilage FMA:59511 SCTID:278944009 The lateral cartilage (upper lateral cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape.[WP]. UBERON:0007821 cartilago nasi lateralis uberon FMA The lateral cartilage (upper lateral cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape.[WP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_cartilage Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_cartilage cartilago nasi lateralis vomeronasal cartilage FMA:59514 Huschke's cartilage Jacobson's cartilage SCTID:368123006 The vomeronasal cartilage (or Jacobson's cartilage) is a narrow strip of cartilage, low on the medial wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the cartilaginous nasal septum and the vomer. The cartilage lies below, but is not connected to, the rudimentary vomeronasal organ of Jacobson. Ludwig Levin Jacobson (1783-1843), a Danish anatomist, named this structure in 1809. UBERON:0007822 cartilago vomeronasalis uberon FMA FMA:59514 Huschke's cartilage The vomeronasal cartilage (or Jacobson's cartilage) is a narrow strip of cartilage, low on the medial wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the cartilaginous nasal septum and the vomer. The cartilage lies below, but is not connected to, the rudimentary vomeronasal organ of Jacobson. Ludwig Levin Jacobson (1783-1843), a Danish anatomist, named this structure in 1809. Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_cartilage Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_cartilage cartilago vomeronasalis FMA:59514 Jacobson's cartilage appendage girdle region An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). FMA:24874 Note that this encompasses non-skeletal tissue UBERON:0007823 UBERON:0007824 fin girdle fin girdle region girdle girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region uberon fin girdle limb girdle region fin girdle region An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 limb girdle reticular membrane of spiral organ FMA:77849 MA:0001194 UBERON:0007825 reticular lamina reticular lamina of spiral organ reticular lamina of spiral organ of cochlea uberon Obol:automatic reticular lamina of spiral organ MA Obol:automatic reticular lamina of spiral organ of cochlea Obol MA:0001194 reticular lamina peritoneal mesentery A double layer composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall. FMA:20570 TAO:0005129 UBERON:0007826 XAO:0000138 ZFA:0005129 uberon FMA A double layer composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall. ZFIN:curator ZFA external nose FMA:59515 SCTID:265785009 Subdivision of face, the exterior of the nose, which consists of a root, dorsum, tip, columella, and right and left alae. UBERON:0007827 ncithesaurus:External_Nose nose uberon FMA:59515 Subdivision of face, the exterior of the nose, which consists of a root, dorsum, tip, columella, and right and left alae. FMA girdle bone/zone MA:0000291 UBERON:0007828 girdle bone uberon MA:0000291 girdle bone pectoral girdle bone MA:0000292 UBERON:0007829 uberon MA pelvic girdle bone/zone MA:0000293 SCTID:426214007 UBERON:0007830 pelvic girdle bone typically the ilium, ischium and pubis. These can alternately be considered individual bones, or zones of a single fused bone. Editor note: check sacrum, coccyx (MA does NOT include these) uberon MA MA:0000293 pelvic girdle bone skeleton of pectoral girdle A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. AAO:0000422 AO notes: Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pectoral girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. EFO:0000946 EHDAA2:0001420 EMAPA:18025 FMA:24141 MAT:0000181 MIAA:0000181 TAO:0000407 UBERON:0007831 VHOG:0001156 VSAO:0000156 XAO:0003063 ZFA:0000407 cingulum pectorale http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg.png ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Girdle pectoral girdle pectoral girdle skeleton uberon VSAO:0000156 pectoral girdle Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle cingulum pectorale FMA:24141 pectoral girdle skeleton XAO A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle skeleton of pelvic girdle AAO:0000426 AAO:0000768 AO notes: Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts. Editor notes: need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO) EFO:0000947 EHDAA2:0001426 EHDAA:7149 EHDAA:8324 EMAPA:18028 FMA:87592 MAT:0000182 MIAA:0000182 Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. TAO:0000565 UBERON:0007832 VHOG:0000305 VSAO:0000155 XAO:0003064 ZFA:0000565 galen:PelvicGirdle http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/pectoralgirdles.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray242.png/200px-Gray242.png pelvic girdle pelvic girdle skeleton uberon XAO VSAO:0000155 pelvic girdle skeleton PMID:21455939 VSAO:0000155 pelvic girdle Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. VSAO:0000155 Wikipedia:Pelvis osseus semicircular canal MA:0000250 UBERON:0007833 consider adding FMA:60186 osseous semicircular canal uberon MA checkme MA Obol:automatic osseous semicircular canal lumbar spinal cord ventral commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1326 UBERON:0007834 lumbar spinal cord anterior commissure uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1326 lumbar spinal cord anterior commissure sacral spinal cord ventral commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1528 UBERON:0007835 sacral spinal cord anterior commissure uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1528 sacral spinal cord anterior commissure cervical spinal cord ventral commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1552 UBERON:0007836 cervical spinal cord anterior commissure uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1552 cervical spinal cord anterior commissure thoracic spinal cord ventral commissure NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1556 UBERON:0007837 thoracic spinal cord anterior commissure uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1556 thoracic spinal cord anterior commissure spinal cord white commissure FMA:77033 SCTID:423957000 UBERON:0007838 uberon white commissure of spinal cord FMA:77033 white commissure of spinal cord spinal cord dorsal white commissure FMA:77034 SCTID:424400007 UBERON:0007840 commissura alba posterior medullae spinalis dorsal white commissure of spinal cord posterior white commissure of spinal cord uberon FMA:77034 dorsal white commissure of spinal cord FMA:77034 FMA:TA commissura alba posterior medullae spinalis FMA FMA:77034 posterior white commissure of spinal cord furcula The following theropods have been found to have furculae: dromaeosaurids (including a new North American species of Velociraptor), Oviraptorids, Tyrannosaurids, Troodontids, Coelophysids and Allosauroids. Editor notes: currently assigned to be part of the pectoral girdle, but this may be incorrect if PG is a paired structure UBERON:0007841 a forked bone found in birds, formed by the fusion of the two clavicles. In birds, its function is the strengthening of the thoracic skeleton to withstand the rigors of flight. fused clavicle uberon wishbone Wikipedia:Furcula a forked bone found in birds, formed by the fusion of the two clavicles. In birds, its function is the strengthening of the thoracic skeleton to withstand the rigors of flight. Wikipedia:Furcula wishbone membrane bone AEO:0000085 Bone element that arises as a result of direct ossification. EHDAA2:0003085 TAO:0001645 UBERON:0007842 VSAO:0000023 XAO:0004014 ZFA:0001636 uberon Bone element that arises as a result of direct ossification. VSAO:0000023 VSAO uncinate process of ribs AAO:0000741 Extensions of bone that in birds project caudally from the vertical segment of each rib[WP]. Posteriorly directed process (occasionally directed anteriorly) usually associated with the rib (sometimes with the transverse process) of the third vertebra; they provide the origin of the mm serratus superior, medius, and inferior[AAO]. UBERON:0007843 WP: Although bony uncinate processes are unique to birds, cartilaginous uncinate processes are present in crocodiles. The uncinate process has also been reported in Sphenodon, Caudipteryx, oviraptorids, Confuciusornis and Chaoyangia however it does not occur in Archaeopteryx uberon uncinate process AAO AAO:Pugener_2002 Extensions of bone that in birds project caudally from the vertical segment of each rib[WP]. Posteriorly directed process (occasionally directed anteriorly) usually associated with the rib (sometimes with the transverse process) of the third vertebra; they provide the origin of the mm serratus superior, medius, and inferior[AAO]. Wikipedia:Uncinate_processes_of_ribs AAO:0000741 uncinate process cartilaginous element FMA:55107 Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. TAO:0001501 UBERON:0007844 VSAO:0000000 XAO:0004013 ZFA:0001501 cartilage cartilage organ chondrogenic element todo - add subtypes uberon VSAO:0000000 cartilage Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. VSAO:curator VSAO FMA:55107 cartilage organ VSAO VSAO VSAO:0000000 chondrogenic element regular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular collagenous tissue. FMA:20103 UBERON:0007845 uberon Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular collagenous tissue. FMA:20103 FMA dense regular collagenous tissue FMA:64781 Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays[FMA]. Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts)[VAP] SCTID:22560007 UBERON:0007846 VSAO:0000050 XAO:0004030 dense fibrous connective tissue dense regular collagenous connective tissue dense regular connective tissue ncithesaurus:Regular_Dense_Connective_Tissue typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon FMA:64781 typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) FMA:64781 VSAO:0000050 dense regular connective tissue FMA:64781 Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays[FMA]. Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts)[VAP] VSAO:0000050 FMA FMA:64781 dense fibrous connective tissue FMA:64781 dense regular collagenous connective tissue perichordal tissue AAO:0010446 Derived from cells surrounding the notochord (possibly the slerotome). Disparate from (not derived from) notochord. Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin. TAO:0001642 UBERON:0007862 VSAO:0000054 XAO:0004050 ZFA:0001633 notochord perichordal connective tissue perichordal sheath perichordal sheath tissue uberon VSAO Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin. VSAO:curator VSAO:curator perichordal sheath VSAO:curator perichordal sheath tissue VSAO VSAO:curator notochord ZFA:0001633 perichordal connective tissue head or neck bone MA:0000569 UBERON:0007914 uberon MA MA central carpal bone A small bone occasionally found at the dorsal aspect of the wrist between the scaphoid, capitate, and trapezoid; it is developed as an independent cartilage in early foetal life but usually becomes fused with the scaphoid; it occurs normally in most monkeys. FMA:77232 MA:0001344 SCTID:26987000 UBERON:0007958 axioms for VSAO:0005042 central bone central carpals centrale os carpi centrale os centrale os centrale os centrale carpi uberon MA:0001344 centrale A small bone occasionally found at the dorsal aspect of the wrist between the scaphoid, capitate, and trapezoid; it is developed as an independent cartilage in early foetal life but usually becomes fused with the scaphoid; it occurs normally in most monkeys. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=63518 VSAO:0005042 os centrale central bone http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=63518 VSAO:0005042 central carpals http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8251/1/8251.pdf os carpi centrale MA falciform carpal bone MA:0001345 UBERON:0007959 os falciform os falciforme todo - check relationship to radial sesamoid uberon UBERON:cjm os falciform MA UBERON:cjm os falciforme scapholunate MA:0001346 Taxon notes: present in mouse[based on MA], carnivora[Websters] and macropods[WP] The combined scaphoid and lunate bones. UBERON:0007960 intermedioradial carpal bone scapholunate bone scapholunatum uberon The combined scaphoid and lunate bones. UBERON:cjm MA:0001346 intermedioradial carpal bone MA UBERON:cjm scapholunate bone UBERON:cjm scapholunatum proximal sesamoid bone of foot MA:0001376 UBERON:0007990 uberon MA proximal sesamoid bone of hand MA:0001377 UBERON:0007991 uberon MA ulnar sesamoid bone MA:0001379 UBERON:0007993 uberon ulnar sesamoid MA MA sesamoid bone of hand FMA:42353 SCTID:368448000 UBERON:0007997 uberon FMA sesamoid bone of foot FMA:45096 SCTID:244675002 UBERON:0008000 uberon FMA FMA irregular bone FMA:7477 SCTID:421560006 The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. UBERON:0008001 ncithesaurus:Irregular_Bone os irregulare os irregulare uberon FMA The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. Wikipedia:Irregular_bone Wikipedia:Irregular_bone os irregulare joint of girdle MA:0001505 UBERON:0008114 girdle joint uberon MA OBOL:automatic girdle joint surface of cartilage FMA:76668 UBERON:0008115 cartilage surface uberon FMA:76668 cartilage surface joint articular surface MA:0001518 UBERON:0008124 note that FMA has multiple "Articular surface of X" classes, with no way to group them uberon MA hypertrophic cartilage zone MA:0002849 UBERON:0008187 see also VSAO:0000098 uberon MA tendon of biceps brachii EMAPA:25053 FMA:38152 UBERON:0008188 biceps brachii tendon uberon FMA FMA:38152 biceps brachii tendon tendon of triceps brachii FMA:38380 UBERON:0008192 triceps brachii tendon uberon FMA:38380 triceps brachii tendon FMA pneumatized bone FMA:7478 SCTID:333008005 UBERON:0008193 a bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]. editor note: subclasses of this should be checked for taxonomic consistency galen:PneumaticBone hollow bone os pneumaticum pneumatic bone uberon Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity a bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=11303 FMA:7478 pneumatic bone FMA FMA:7478 os pneumaticum tibiotarsus The tibiotarsus is the large bone between the femur and the tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is the fusion of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia. A similar structure also occurred in the Mesozoic Heterodontosauridae. These small ornithischian dinosaurs were unrelated to birds and the similarity of their foot bones is best explained by convergent evolution. UBERON:0008194 uberon The tibiotarsus is the large bone between the femur and the tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is the fusion of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia. A similar structure also occurred in the Mesozoic Heterodontosauridae. These small ornithischian dinosaurs were unrelated to birds and the similarity of their foot bones is best explained by convergent evolution. Wikipedia:Tibiotarsus tarsometatarsus Taxon notes: found in birds[VSAO] The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is found in the lower leg of certain tetrapods, namely birds. It is formed from the fusion of several bones found in other types of animals, and homologous to the mammalian tarsal (ankle) and metatarsal (foot) bones. Despite this, the tarsometatarsus of birds is often referred to as just the tarsus or metatarsus. UBERON:0008195 uberon The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is found in the lower leg of certain tetrapods, namely birds. It is formed from the fusion of several bones found in other types of animals, and homologous to the mammalian tarsal (ankle) and metatarsal (foot) bones. Despite this, the tarsometatarsus of birds is often referred to as just the tarsus or metatarsus. Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsus muscle of pectoral girdle FMA:37347 UBERON:0008196 muscle of shoulder girdle pectoral girdle muscle uberon FMA:37347 pectoral girdle muscle FMA:37347 muscle of shoulder girdle nail plate MA:0002708 SCTID:372177002 The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin. UBERON:0008198 lamina unguis ncithesaurus:Nail_Plate uberon MA Wikipedia:Nail_plate lamina unguis The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin. Wikipedia:Nail_plate https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/20 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3307500&group_id=36855&atid=440764 chin FMA:46495 GAID:67 In the human anatomy, the chin is the lowermost part of the face. It is formed by the lower front of the mandible. People show a wide variety of chin structures. See Cleft chin. The chin developed as a point of muscular attachment facilitating minute movements of the lips associated with speech. In human evolution, the chin is a cladistic apomorphy, partially defining anatomically modern Humans as distinct from archaic forms. MESH:A.01.456.505.259 SCTID:362632004 UBERON:0008199 chin %28anatomy%29 chins galen:Chin mental part of face mental region mental region of face mentum regio mentalis uberon In the human anatomy, the chin is the lowermost part of the face. It is formed by the lower front of the mandible. People show a wide variety of chin structures. See Cleft chin. The chin developed as a point of muscular attachment facilitating minute movements of the lips associated with speech. In human evolution, the chin is a cladistic apomorphy, partially defining anatomically modern Humans as distinct from archaic forms. Wikipedia:Chin Wikipedia:Chin mentum Wikipedia:Chin chins FMA:46495 mental part of face MESH FMA:46495 mental region of face MESH Wikipedia:Chin chin %28anatomy%29 FMA:46495 mental region FMA:46495 FMA:TA regio mentalis forehead FMA:63864 GAID:74 MESH:A.01.456.505.580 SCTID:362614004 The part of the face above the eyes[MESH]. In human anatomy, the forehead is the fore part of the head. It is, formally, an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond[WP]. UBERON:0008200 fore head galen:Forehead ncithesaurus:Forehead sinciput uberon FMA Wikipedia:Forehead fore head MESH:A.01.456.505.580 The part of the face above the eyes[MESH]. In human anatomy, the forehead is the fore part of the head. It is, formally, an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond[WP]. Wikipedia:Forehead Wikipedia:Forehead sinciput scute A bony external plate or scale, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, the feet of some birds. Scutes are similar to scales and serve the same function. Unlike the scales of fish and snakes, which are formed from the epidermis, scutes are formed in the lower vascular layer of the skin and the epidermal element is only the top surface. Forming in the living dermis, the scutes produce a horny outer layer, that is superficially similar to that of scales. Scutes will usually not overlap as snake scales (but see the pangolin). The outer keratin layer is shed piecemeal, and not in one continuous layer of skin as seen in snakes or lizards. The dermal base may contain bone and produce dermal armour. Scutes with a bony base are properly called osteoderms. Dermal scutes are also found in the feet of birds and tails of some mammals, and are believed to be the primitive form of dermal armour in reptiles. The term is also used to describe the heavy armour of the armadillo and the extinct glyptodon, and is occasionally used as an alternative to scales in describing snakes or certain fishes, such as sturgeons[WP]. UBERON:0008201 scuta scutae scutum uberon Wikipedia:Scute scutum A bony external plate or scale, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, the feet of some birds. Scutes are similar to scales and serve the same function. Unlike the scales of fish and snakes, which are formed from the epidermis, scutes are formed in the lower vascular layer of the skin and the epidermal element is only the top surface. Forming in the living dermis, the scutes produce a horny outer layer, that is superficially similar to that of scales. Scutes will usually not overlap as snake scales (but see the pangolin). The outer keratin layer is shed piecemeal, and not in one continuous layer of skin as seen in snakes or lizards. The dermal base may contain bone and produce dermal armour. Scutes with a bony base are properly called osteoderms. Dermal scutes are also found in the feet of birds and tails of some mammals, and are believed to be the primitive form of dermal armour in reptiles. The term is also used to describe the heavy armour of the armadillo and the extinct glyptodon, and is occasionally used as an alternative to scales in describing snakes or certain fishes, such as sturgeons[WP]. Wikipedia:Scute Wikipedia:Scute scuta Wikipedia:Scute scutae bone of hip region MA:0000655 UBERON:0008202 in MA, this includes the femur. i.e. pelvic girdle bone or femur; note that this makes the ilium etc in MA hindlimb bones. in MA this is a hindlimb bone uberon MA pelvic cavity FMA:9738 SCTID:281903009 The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis and which primarily contains reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, and the rectum. The pelvis is a marvel of physiology and is deceptively complex. It contains the lower urinary tract, reproductive system, lower digestive tract, major arteries and veins, muscle systems, nerve systems and bone systems. They all have to work together in a little crowded "house". It can be affected by many different diseases and by many drugs in many different ways. One part may impact upon another, for example constipation may overload the rectum and compress the urinary bladder, or childbirth might damage the pudendal nerves and later lead to anal weakness. UBERON:0008203 cavitas pelvis space of pelvic compartment uberon FMA FMA FMA:9738 space of pelvic compartment Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity cavitas pelvis The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis and which primarily contains reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, and the rectum. The pelvis is a marvel of physiology and is deceptively complex. It contains the lower urinary tract, reproductive system, lower digestive tract, major arteries and veins, muscle systems, nerve systems and bone systems. They all have to work together in a little crowded "house". It can be affected by many different diseases and by many drugs in many different ways. One part may impact upon another, for example constipation may overload the rectum and compress the urinary bladder, or childbirth might damage the pudendal nerves and later lead to anal weakness. Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity craniocervical region musculature MA:0000571 UBERON:0008229 head or neck muscle head or neck muscle uberon MA:0000571 head or neck muscle MA MA MA:0000571 head or neck muscle tibialis BTO:0000864 Either of two muscles of the calf of the leg. MA:0002425 UBERON:0008230 ncithesaurus:Tibialis uberon Either of two muscles of the calf of the leg. Fast_Health_Medical_Dictionary:http://www.fasthealth.com/dictionary/ BTO upper back FMA:24217 MA:0000028 SCTID:362666008 Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. UBERON:0008231 dorsum of thorax posterior part of thorax thoracic back thoracic part of back uberon FMA:24217 thoracic back FMA:24217 thoracic part of back FMA:24217 dorsum of thorax MA FMA:24217 Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. FMA:24217 posterior part of thorax lower back muscle MA:0000502 SCTID:317178000 UBERON:0008242 uberon MA MA upper back muscle MA:0000508 SCTID:305071003 UBERON:0008243 uberon MA MA pennate muscle A pennate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon. These types of muscles generally allow better stabilization and force production but less flexibility. Individual muscle fibers are formed into bundles of fasciculi and these bundles of fasciculi are formed into bundles of fascicles which compose the entire muscle itself. In a pennate muscle, the fascicles will form an angle with its central tendon. If all the fascicles are on the same side of the tendon, the pennate muscle is called unipennate. Examples of this include certain muscles in the hand. If there are fascicles on both sides of the central tendon, the pennate muscle is called bipennate. The rectus femoris, a large muscle in the quadriceps, is typical. If the central tendon branches within a pennate muscle, the muscle is called multipennate, as seen in the deltoid muscle in the shoulder. FMA:74993 UBERON:0008245 Wikipedia:Pennate_muscle note the FMA class does not denote a muscle organ. todo: add child classes uberon dbpedia A pennate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon. These types of muscles generally allow better stabilization and force production but less flexibility. Individual muscle fibers are formed into bundles of fasciculi and these bundles of fasciculi are formed into bundles of fascicles which compose the entire muscle itself. In a pennate muscle, the fascicles will form an angle with its central tendon. If all the fascicles are on the same side of the tendon, the pennate muscle is called unipennate. Examples of this include certain muscles in the hand. If there are fascicles on both sides of the central tendon, the pennate muscle is called bipennate. The rectus femoris, a large muscle in the quadriceps, is typical. If the central tendon branches within a pennate muscle, the muscle is called multipennate, as seen in the deltoid muscle in the shoulder. Wikipedia:Pennate_muscle dbpedia anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum dbpedia pyloric stomach BTO:0002121 The mouth of a starfish is located on the underside of the body, and opens through a short esophagus into firstly a cardiac stomach, and then, a second, pyloric stomach. Each arm also contains two pyloric caeca, long hollow tubes branching outwards from the pyloric stomach. Each pyloric caecum is lined by a series of digestive glands, which secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from the food. A short intestine runs from the upper surface of the pyloric stomach to open at an anus in the center of the upper body UBERON:0008246 uberon The mouth of a starfish is located on the underside of the body, and opens through a short esophagus into firstly a cardiac stomach, and then, a second, pyloric stomach. Each arm also contains two pyloric caeca, long hollow tubes branching outwards from the pyloric stomach. Each pyloric caecum is lined by a series of digestive glands, which secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from the food. A short intestine runs from the upper surface of the pyloric stomach to open at an anus in the center of the upper body Wikipedia:Starfish tube foot BTO:0001919 One of the numerous external, fluid-filled muscular tubes of echinoderms, such as the starfish or sea urchin, serving as organs of locomotion, food handling, and respiration[BTO]. Tube feet consist of two parts: ampulla and podia. Ampulla contain both circular muscles and longitudinal muscle, whereas the podia contain the latter only. Thus the podia use suction to attach to the substratum[WP]. UBERON:0008247 tube feet uberon Wikipedia:Tube_feet tube feet BTO:0001919 One of the numerous external, fluid-filled muscular tubes of echinoderms, such as the starfish or sea urchin, serving as organs of locomotion, food handling, and respiration[BTO]. Tube feet consist of two parts: ampulla and podia. Ampulla contain both circular muscles and longitudinal muscle, whereas the podia contain the latter only. Thus the podia use suction to attach to the substratum[WP]. Wikipedia:Tube_feet pyloric cecum BTO:0002120 The pyloric ceca (or digestive glands) and the cardiac stomach produce digestive enzymes in starfishes. Digested material is absorbed through the pyloric ceca for transport to the rest of the body. Each pyloric cecum extends the length of each arm. UBERON:0008248 pyloric caecum uberon BTO:0002120 The pyloric ceca (or digestive glands) and the cardiac stomach produce digestive enzymes in starfishes. Digested material is absorbed through the pyloric ceca for transport to the rest of the body. Each pyloric cecum extends the length of each arm. BTO:0002120 pyloric caecum cardiac stomach BTO:0002122 In starfishes the cardiac stomach is connected to a pyloric stomach which is located above it. Food can be brought into the stomach through the mouth or, in many species, the cardiac stomach can be extended out through the mouth to digest food outside the body. Suspension-feeding starfish use their tube feet to pass food to the mouth. UBERON:0008250 uberon BTO:0002122 In starfishes the cardiac stomach is connected to a pyloric stomach which is located above it. Food can be brought into the stomach through the mouth or, in many species, the cardiac stomach can be extended out through the mouth to digest food outside the body. Suspension-feeding starfish use their tube feet to pass food to the mouth. water vascular system BTO:0002125 The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.[1] The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet. Echinoderms move by alternately contracting muscles that force water into the tube feet, causing them to extend and push against the ground, then relaxing to allow the feet to retract.[WP]. UBERON:0008251 uberon The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.[1] The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet. Echinoderms move by alternately contracting muscles that force water into the tube feet, causing them to extend and push against the ground, then relaxing to allow the feet to retract.[WP]. Wikipedia:Water_vascular_system tube foot ampulla BTO:0002124 The constant contraction of ampulla (to extend and retract the tube feet) helps to move a starfish. The ampullae are teeth like structures surrounding the radial canal. UBERON:0008252 uberon BTO:0002124 The constant contraction of ampulla (to extend and retract the tube feet) helps to move a starfish. The ampullae are teeth like structures surrounding the radial canal. BTO Aristotle's lantern Aristotles lantern BTO:0001923 UBERON:0008253 Within the mouth of a sea urchin is an elaborate five-sided jaw structure called Aristotles lantern that can be partially extruded from the mouth. It is able to grind up calcareous exoskeletons of plants and animals. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/biodidac/echino001B.gif/medium.jpg uberon BTO BTO:0001923 Wikipedia:Aristotle's_lantern Within the mouth of a sea urchin is an elaborate five-sided jaw structure called Aristotles lantern that can be partially extruded from the mouth. It is able to grind up calcareous exoskeletons of plants and animals. Aristotles lantern BTO:0001923 styliform cartilage UBERON:0008254 shaft of skeletal tissue that articulates with the lateral border of the carpus. uberon ISBN-10:0226313379 shaft of skeletal tissue that articulates with the lateral border of the carpus. right clavicle FMA:13322 UBERON:0008255 uberon FMA left clavicle FMA:13323 UBERON:0008256 uberon FMA radial sesamoid In the giant panda, a large digitlike preaxial element that articulates with the scapholunatum and the medial border of the first metacarpal. UBERON:0008257 os sesamoideum radiale uberon ISBN-10:0226313379 os sesamoideum radiale ISBN-10:0226313379 In the giant panda, a large digitlike preaxial element that articulates with the scapholunatum and the medial border of the first metacarpal. oral surface UBERON:0008258 actinal side actinal surface uberon aboral surface UBERON:0008259 abactinal side abactinal surface uberon spine appendage UBERON:0008260 a hard, thorny or needle-like structure which occurs on various animals. Animals such as porcupines and sea urchins grow spines as a self-defense mechanism. Spines are often formed of keratin. Other animals with spines are hedgehogs, spiny mice and at least two ornithischian dinosaurs. spine uberon Wikipedia:Spine_(zoology) a hard, thorny or needle-like structure which occurs on various animals. Animals such as porcupines and sea urchins grow spines as a self-defense mechanism. Spines are often formed of keratin. Other animals with spines are hedgehogs, spiny mice and at least two ornithischian dinosaurs. pedicellaria UBERON:0008261 a small wrench or claw-shaped structure commonly found on Echinoderms, particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea). Pedicellariae are poorly understood but in some taxa, they are thought to keep the body surface clear of algae, encrusting organisms, and other debris in conjunction with the ciliated epidermis present in all echinoderms. Pedicellariae in some taxa, such as the deep-sea Brisingida, and the Antarctic Labidiaster are known to function in food capture. In forcipulate sea stars, each pedicellaria is typically composed three forceps-like valves. Other asteroids can have pedicellariae composed of only two components. In some asteroid sea stars pedicellariae are present around the base of a spine or on the surface of the animal's body. In other sea stars, they are present in pits on the abactinal, marginal, or actinal surface; oftentimes on the adambulacral plate adjacent to the tube foot furrow. pedicellariae uberon Wikipedia:Pedicellaria pedicellariae Wikipedia:Pedicellaria a small wrench or claw-shaped structure commonly found on Echinoderms, particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea). Pedicellariae are poorly understood but in some taxa, they are thought to keep the body surface clear of algae, encrusting organisms, and other debris in conjunction with the ciliated epidermis present in all echinoderms. Pedicellariae in some taxa, such as the deep-sea Brisingida, and the Antarctic Labidiaster are known to function in food capture. In forcipulate sea stars, each pedicellaria is typically composed three forceps-like valves. Other asteroids can have pedicellariae composed of only two components. In some asteroid sea stars pedicellariae are present around the base of a spine or on the surface of the animal's body. In other sea stars, they are present in pits on the abactinal, marginal, or actinal surface; oftentimes on the adambulacral plate adjacent to the tube foot furrow. ambulacral area UBERON:0008262 uberon inter-ambulacral area UBERON:0008263 uberon echinopluteus larval stage Larval stage in echinoderms characterized by a planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands. UBERON:0008264 pluteus larval stage uberon Larval stage in echinoderms characterized by a planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-echinopluteuslarva.html echinopluteus larva A planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands. UBERON:0008265 pluteus larva uberon A planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-echinopluteuslarva.html periodontal ligament BTO:0001020 GAID:1259 MA:0002467 PDL SCTID:245775004 The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP]. UBERON:0008266 alveolar periosteum alveolodental ligament alveolodental membrane desmodontium note FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same odontoperiosteum paradentium peridental membrane peridontal ligament peridontal membrane peridontium uberon BTO:0001020 peridental membrane BTO:0001020 alveolar periosteum FMA-moved BTO:0001020 alveolodental ligament BTO:0001020 paradentium UBERONREF:0000002 BTO:0001020 odontoperiosteum BTO:0001020 peridontal membrane BTO:0001020 peridontium BTO:0001020 The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP]. Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/21 BTO:0001020 desmodontium BTO BTO:0001020 alveolodental membrane PDL Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament left supracardinal vein SCTID:361449001 The left thoracic supracardinal vein loses its connection with the left posterior cardinal veins and left sinus horn and subsequently drains into the right supracardinal system. UBERON:0008267 uberon ISBN-10:0443065837 The left thoracic supracardinal vein loses its connection with the left posterior cardinal veins and left sinus horn and subsequently drains into the right supracardinal system. right supracardinal vein EHDAA2:0004539 SCTID:361450001 The right supracardinal vein loses its connection with the posterior cardinal vein and makes a new anastomosis with the segments of the superior vena cava derived from the anterior cardinal vein, becoming the azygos vein. UBERON:0008268 uberon ISBN-10:0443065837 The right supracardinal vein loses its connection with the posterior cardinal vein and makes a new anastomosis with the segments of the superior vena cava derived from the anterior cardinal vein, becoming the azygos vein. nacre UBERON:0008269 an organic-inorganic composite material produced by some mollusks as an inner shell layer; it is also what makes up pearls. It is very strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some ancient lineages of bivalve gastropod and cephalopod. The inner layer in the great majority of mollusk shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, frequently resulting in a non-iridescent shine or less commonly in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure (e.g. conch pearl). Pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Many other families of mollusk also have a nacreous inner shell layer, including marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate) 10-20 µm wide and 0.5 µm thick arranged in a continuous parallel lamina. These layers are separated by sheets of organic matrix composed of elastic biopolymers (such as chitin, lustrin and silk-like proteins)[WP]. mother of pearl uberon Wikipedia:Nacre an organic-inorganic composite material produced by some mollusks as an inner shell layer; it is also what makes up pearls. It is very strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some ancient lineages of bivalve gastropod and cephalopod. The inner layer in the great majority of mollusk shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, frequently resulting in a non-iridescent shine or less commonly in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure (e.g. conch pearl). Pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Many other families of mollusk also have a nacreous inner shell layer, including marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate) 10-20 µm wide and 0.5 µm thick arranged in a continuous parallel lamina. These layers are separated by sheets of organic matrix composed of elastic biopolymers (such as chitin, lustrin and silk-like proteins)[WP]. Wikipedia:Nacre mother of pearl mollusc shell UBERON:0008270 a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes. Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea, many live on the land and in freshwater. uberon Wikipedia:Mollusc_shell a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes. Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea, many live on the land and in freshwater. turtle shell The upper shell of the turtle is called the carapace. The lower shell that encases the belly is called the plastron. The carapace and plastron are joined together on the turtle's sides by bony structures called bridges. The inner layer of a turtle's shell is made up of about 60 bones that include portions of the backbone and the ribs, meaning the turtle cannot crawl out of its shell. In most turtles, the outer layer of the shell is covered by horny scales called scutes that are part of its outer skin, or epidermis. Scutes are made up of a fibrous protein called keratin that also makes up the scales of other reptiles. These scutes overlap the seams between the shell bones and add strength to the shell. Some turtles do not have horny scutes. For example, the leatherback sea turtle and the soft-shelled turtles have shells covered with leathery skin instead[WP]. UBERON:0008271 uberon The upper shell of the turtle is called the carapace. The lower shell that encases the belly is called the plastron. The carapace and plastron are joined together on the turtle's sides by bony structures called bridges. The inner layer of a turtle's shell is made up of about 60 bones that include portions of the backbone and the ribs, meaning the turtle cannot crawl out of its shell. In most turtles, the outer layer of the shell is covered by horny scales called scutes that are part of its outer skin, or epidermis. Scutes are made up of a fibrous protein called keratin that also makes up the scales of other reptiles. These scutes overlap the seams between the shell bones and add strength to the shell. Some turtles do not have horny scutes. For example, the leatherback sea turtle and the soft-shelled turtles have shells covered with leathery skin instead[WP]. Wikipedia:Turtle_shell#Shell mollusc venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.590 UBERON:0008274 Venoms from mollusks, including the Conus and Octopus species. The venoms contain proteins, enzymes, choline derivatives, slow-reacting substances, and several characterized polypeptide toxins that affect the nervous system. Mollusk venoms include cephalotoxin, venerup in, maculotoxin, surugatoxin, conotoxins, and murexine. conus venom mollusc venom mollusk venom octopus venom snail venom uberon MESH:D.24.185.926.580.590 mollusc venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.590 snail venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.590 conus venom MESH MESH:D.24.185.926.580.590 mollusk venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.590 Venoms from mollusks, including the Conus and Octopus species. The venoms contain proteins, enzymes, choline derivatives, slow-reacting substances, and several characterized polypeptide toxins that affect the nervous system. Mollusk venoms include cephalotoxin, venerup in, maculotoxin, surugatoxin, conotoxins, and murexine. MESH:D.24.185.926.580.590 octopus venom carapace BTO:0001701 The carapace is the dorsal (back), convex part of the shell structure of a turtle, consisting primarily of the animal's broad ribcage. The spine and ribs are fused to bony plates beneath the skin which interlock to form a hard shell. Exterior to the skin the shell is covered by scutes, which are horny plates made of keratin that protect the shell from scrapes and bruises. A keel, a ridge that runs from front to the back of the animal is present in some turtles. Turtles can survive surprisingly severe injuries to the carapace, and even deep cracks or missing portions can fill in with bone and heal. The softshell turtles, pig-nose turtle and leatherback sea turtle lack scutes and the bony carapace is covered only by skin. UBERON:0008275 note BTO class is more general uberon The carapace is the dorsal (back), convex part of the shell structure of a turtle, consisting primarily of the animal's broad ribcage. The spine and ribs are fused to bony plates beneath the skin which interlock to form a hard shell. Exterior to the skin the shell is covered by scutes, which are horny plates made of keratin that protect the shell from scrapes and bruises. A keel, a ridge that runs from front to the back of the animal is present in some turtles. Turtles can survive surprisingly severe injuries to the carapace, and even deep cracks or missing portions can fill in with bone and heal. The softshell turtles, pig-nose turtle and leatherback sea turtle lack scutes and the bony carapace is covered only by skin. Wikipedia:Carapace#Turtles_and_tortoises plastron BTO:0001701 SCTID:64243001 The plastron is the nearly flat part of the shell structure of a turtle or tortoise, what one would call the belly, similar in composition to the carapace; with an external layer of horny material divided into plates called scutes and an underlying layer of interlocking bones. In certain families there is a hinge between the pectoral and abdominal scutes allowing the turtle to almost completely enclose itself. In certain species the sex of a testudine can be told by whether the plastron is concave, male or convex, female. This is because of the mating position. The plastral scutes join along a central seam down the middle of the plastron. The relative lengths of the seam segments can be used to help identify a species of turtle or tortoise. There are six laterally symmetric pairs of scutes on the plastron: gular, humeral, pectoral, abdominal, femoral, and anal (going from the head to the tail down the seam); the abdominal and gular scute seams are approximately the same length, and the femoral and pectoral seams are approximately the same length[WP]. UBERON:0008276 note BTO class is more general uberon The plastron is the nearly flat part of the shell structure of a turtle or tortoise, what one would call the belly, similar in composition to the carapace; with an external layer of horny material divided into plates called scutes and an underlying layer of interlocking bones. In certain families there is a hinge between the pectoral and abdominal scutes allowing the turtle to almost completely enclose itself. In certain species the sex of a testudine can be told by whether the plastron is concave, male or convex, female. This is because of the mating position. The plastral scutes join along a central seam down the middle of the plastron. The relative lengths of the seam segments can be used to help identify a species of turtle or tortoise. There are six laterally symmetric pairs of scutes on the plastron: gular, humeral, pectoral, abdominal, femoral, and anal (going from the head to the tail down the seam); the abdominal and gular scute seams are approximately the same length, and the femoral and pectoral seams are approximately the same length[WP]. Wikipedia:Plastron cnida UBERON:0008277 cniade uberon cniade nematocyst BTO:0000918 One of the stinging organelles of coelenterates used in catching prey. UBERON:0008278 uberon BTO:0000918 One of the stinging organelles of coelenterates used in catching prey. spirocyst UBERON:0008279 uberon cnidarian venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 UBERON:0008280 Venoms from jellyfish, corals, SEA ANEMONES, etc. They contain hemo-, cardio-, dermo- , and neurotoxic substances and probably ENZYMES. They include palytoxin, sarcophine, and anthopleurine. chironex venom cnidarian venom jellyfish venom portuguese man of war venom portuguese man-of-war venom sea anemone venom uberon MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 portuguese man of war venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 cnidarian venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 Venoms from jellyfish, corals, SEA ANEMONES, etc. They contain hemo-, cardio-, dermo- , and neurotoxic substances and probably ENZYMES. They include palytoxin, sarcophine, and anthopleurine. MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 sea anemone venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 jellyfish venom MESH MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 portuguese man-of-war venom MESH:D.24.185.926.580.230 chironex venom tooth bud A knoblike tooth primordium developing into an enamel organ surrounded by a dental sac and encasing the dental papilla. BTO:0001838 SCTID:53301001 UBERON:0008281 ncithesaurus:Tooth_Bud uberon A knoblike tooth primordium developing into an enamel organ surrounded by a dental sac and encasing the dental papilla. BTO:0001838 columnella BTO:0000277 UBERON:0008283 a central anatomical feature of a coiled snail shell or gastropod shell. It is often only clearly visible as a structure when the shell is broken, or sliced in half vertically, or in an X-ray. columella muscle uberon BTO:0000277 columella muscle Wikipedia:Columella_(gastropod) a central anatomical feature of a coiled snail shell or gastropod shell. It is often only clearly visible as a structure when the shell is broken, or sliced in half vertically, or in an X-ray. columnella muscle BTO:0000277 The muscle of the central column or axis of a spiral univalve shell. UBERON:0008284 columella muscle uberon BTO:0000277 The muscle of the central column or axis of a spiral univalve shell. Wikipedia:Columella_(gastropod)#Columellar_muscles BTO:0000277 columella muscle rumen epithelium BTO:0001195 The rumen epithelium is the tissue which lines the largest of the four fore stomachs in the ruminant animal -cows and sheep. Rumen epithelial cells are important because they are responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the rumen into the blood. UBERON:0008285 uberon cjm BTO:0001195 PMID:10764086 The rumen epithelium is the tissue which lines the largest of the four fore stomachs in the ruminant animal -cows and sheep. Rumen epithelial cells are important because they are responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the rumen into the blood. feather calamus BTO:0001608 The hollow basal portion of a feather below the vane[BTO]. At the base of the feather, the rachis expands to form the hollow tubular calamus (or quill) which inserts into a follicle in the skin. The basal part of the calamus is without vanes. This part is embedded within the skin follicle and has an opening at the base (proximal umbilicus) and a small opening on the side (distal umbilicus)[WP]. UBERON:0008286 feather quill uberon BTO BTO:0001608 The hollow basal portion of a feather below the vane[BTO]. At the base of the feather, the rachis expands to form the hollow tubular calamus (or quill) which inserts into a follicle in the skin. The basal part of the calamus is without vanes. This part is embedded within the skin follicle and has an opening at the base (proximal umbilicus) and a small opening on the side (distal umbilicus)[WP]. BTO:0001608 feather quill feather vane UBERON:0008287 uberon feather rachis UBERON:0008288 uberon afterfeather UBERON:0008290 uberon down feature UBERON:0008291 uberon vaned feature UBERON:0008292 uberon filoplume feature UBERON:0008293 filoplume uberon feather barb One of a series of branches fused to the rachis (stem) of a feather. The barbs themselves also have branches called barbules, which have hooks that lock the barbs together[WP]. UBERON:0008294 barb uberon One of a series of branches fused to the rachis (stem) of a feather. The barbs themselves also have branches called barbules, which have hooks that lock the barbs together[WP]. Wikipedia:Barb_(feather) barb feather barbule UBERON:0008295 uberon femoral muscle BTO:0002542 Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; insertion: patella, common tendon of quadriceps femoris; innervation: femoral; action, extends leg. UBERON:0008296 crureus intermediate great muscle intermediate vastus muscle musculus vastus intermedius todo - logical definition uberon BTO BTO:0002542 crureus BTO:0002542 intermediate great muscle BTO:0002542 Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; insertion: patella, common tendon of quadriceps femoris; innervation: femoral; action, extends leg. BTO:0002542 intermediate vastus muscle BTO:0002542 musculus vastus intermedius pennaceous feature Pennaceous feathers are also known as contour feathers. This type of feather is present in most modern birds, and has been shown in some species of maniraptoran dinosaurs. Pennaceous feathers have a central shaft (or rachis) with vanes spreading to either side. These vanes are composed of a high number of flattened barbs, that are connected to one another with barbules. The barbules are tiny strands that criss-cross on the flattened side s of the barbs. This forms a kind of miniature velcro-like mesh that holds all the barbs together, stabilizing the vanes. Flight feathers (remiges and rectrices) are specialized types of pennaceous feathers, adapted for high loadings and often strongly asymmetric for improved flight performance[WP]. UBERON:0008297 uberon Pennaceous feathers are also known as contour feathers. This type of feather is present in most modern birds, and has been shown in some species of maniraptoran dinosaurs. Pennaceous feathers have a central shaft (or rachis) with vanes spreading to either side. These vanes are composed of a high number of flattened barbs, that are connected to one another with barbules. The barbules are tiny strands that criss-cross on the flattened side s of the barbs. This forms a kind of miniature velcro-like mesh that holds all the barbs together, stabilizing the vanes. Flight feathers (remiges and rectrices) are specialized types of pennaceous feathers, adapted for high loadings and often strongly asymmetric for improved flight performance[WP]. Wikipedia:Pennaceous_feather inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium BTO:0005090 The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes. UBERON:0008304 uberon BTO The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes. Wikipedia:The_Free_Encyclopedia outer fibrous layer of perichondrium BTO:0005091 The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers. UBERON:0008305 uberon The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers. Wikipedia:The_Free_Encyclopedia BTO heart endothelium BTO:0004293 UBERON:0008307 uberon nasopharyngeal gland FMA:55076 SCTID:178973008 UBERON:0008310 uberon penile bulb artery BTO:0005087 FMA:20864 SCTID:293338009 UBERON:0008311 a short vessel of large caliber which arises from the internal pudendal between the two layers of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm; it passes medialward, pierces the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, and gives off branches which ramify in the bulb of the urethra and in the posterior part of the corpus spongiosum. It gives off a small branch to the bulbo-urethral gland. arteria bulbi penis artery of bulb of penis bulbourethral artery uberon FMA BTO:0005087 bulbourethral artery FMA:20864 artery of bulb of penis BTO:0005087 arteria bulbi penis Obol BTO Wikipedia:Bulbourethral_artery a short vessel of large caliber which arises from the internal pudendal between the two layers of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm; it passes medialward, pierces the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, and gives off branches which ramify in the bulb of the urethra and in the posterior part of the corpus spongiosum. It gives off a small branch to the bulbo-urethral gland. common penile artery BTO:0005085 FMA:66318 SCTID:282044005 The artery that serves blood to the penis. It subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery. UBERON:0008320 penile artery todo - split generic structure from arterial tree uberon FMA BTO The artery that serves blood to the penis. It subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery. Wikipedia:Penile_artery BTO:0005085 penile artery deep artery of penis BTO:0005086 FMA:19794 SCTID:244293007 The deep artery of the penis (artery to the corpus cavernosum), one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated between the two fasciC& of the urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch). It pierces the inferior fascia, and, entering the crus penis obliquely, runs forward in the center of the corpus cavernosum penis, to which its branches are distributed. UBERON:0008321 arteria cavernosa penis arteria profunda penis arteria profunda penis cavernosal artery deep penile artery uberon BTO:0005086 arteria profunda penis FMA BTO:0005086 arteria cavernosa penis BTO:0005086 cavernosal artery Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_the_penis arteria profunda penis FMA:19794 deep penile artery The deep artery of the penis (artery to the corpus cavernosum), one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated between the two fasciC& of the urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch). It pierces the inferior fascia, and, entering the crus penis obliquely, runs forward in the center of the corpus cavernosum penis, to which its branches are distributed. Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_the_penis FMA BTO deep artery of clitoris FMA:20870 SCTID:244297008 The deep artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. UBERON:0008322 arteria profunda clitoridis uberon FMA FMA The deep artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_clitoris Obol Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_clitoris arteria profunda clitoridis dorsal artery of clitoris FMA:20867 SCTID:244298003 UBERON:0008323 uberon FMA MA FMA erectile tissue UBERON:0008324 uberon vestibulum vaginae BTO:0003145 FMA:19970 The space posterior to the glans clitoridis and between the labia minora, containing the openings of the vagina, urethra, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands. UBERON:0008330 uberon vaginal introitus vaginal vestibule vestibule of vagina vestibule of vagina vestibulum pudendi vestibulum vaginæ FMA:19970 vestibule of vagina Wikipedia:Vulval_vestibule vestibulum vaginæ FMA BTO:0003145 vestibule of vagina FMA BTO:0003145 vaginal introitus BTO:0003145 The space posterior to the glans clitoridis and between the labia minora, containing the openings of the vagina, urethra, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands. Wikipedia:Vulval_vestibule BTO BTO:0003145 vestibulum pudendi FMA:19970 vaginal vestibule clitoral smooth muscle BTO:0005000 UBERON:0008331 clitoris smooth muscle uberon BTO:0005000 clitoris smooth muscle BTO BTO hilum of neuraxis FMA:83871 UBERON:0008332 neuraxis hilum uberon FMA:83871 neuraxis hilum hilum of inferior olivary complex BTO:0002300 FMA:72612 The white core of the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata, most prominent medially. UBERON:0008333 hilum nuclei olivaris caudalis hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris hilum of caudal olivary nucleus hilum of inferior olivary nucleus hilum of inferior olivary nucleus inferior olivary hilum inferior olive hilum uberon BTO:0002300 hilum of caudal olivary nucleus FMA:72612 inferior olivary hilum FMA FMA FMA:TA hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris FMA:72612 hilum of inferior olivary nucleus BTO:0002300 hilum of inferior olivary nucleus BTO:0002300 hilum nuclei olivaris caudalis Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource The white core of the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata, most prominent medially. BTO FMA:72612 inferior olive hilum subarachnoid sulcus FMA:75759 UBERON:0008334 uberon ventrolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata A longitudinal sulcus on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata, lateral to the pyramid, from which emerge the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve. BTO:0002777 FMA:83797 UBERON:0008335 anterolateral groove of medulla oblongata anterolateral sulcus of medulla sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae sulcus ventrolateralis medullae spinalis uberon ventrolateral fissure of medulla ventrolateral sulcus ventrolateral sulcus of medulla ventrolateral sulcus of spinal cord FMA BTO:0002777 anterolateral groove of medulla oblongata FMA:83797 ventrolateral fissure of medulla FMA:83797 ventrolateral sulcus BTO:0002777 sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae A longitudinal sulcus on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata, lateral to the pyramid, from which emerge the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource BTO:0002777 ventrolateral sulcus of spinal cord FMA:83797 anterolateral sulcus of medulla FMA:TA sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae BTO:0002777 sulcus ventrolateralis medullae spinalis FMA:83797 ventrolateral sulcus of medulla BTO inguinal part of abdomen BTO:0003358 FMA:24040 GAID:27 MESH:A.01.047.365 SCTID:243962005 The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh. UBERON:0008337 galen treats inguinal region and groin as distinct galen:InguinalRegion groin iliac fossa viewed surgically iliac region iliac region inguen inguen inguinal region inguinal region ncithesaurus:Inguinal_Region uberon FMA:24040 iliac fossa viewed surgically MESH:A.01.047.365 The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh. BTO:0003358 inguinal region FMA:24040 groin FMA:24040 iliac region FMA:24040 inguinal region FMA:TA inguen BTO:0003358 inguen BTO:0003358 iliac region plantar part of foot BTO:0005078 FMA:25000 SCTID:57999000 The sole is the bottom of the foot. In humans is the sole of the foot anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect. The equivalent surface in ungulates is the hoof. UBERON:0008338 galen:SoleOfFoot ncithesaurus:Plantar_Region pelma planta planta plantar region regio plantaris sole sole of foot sole of foot sole of the foot soles of the feet uberon Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29 soles of the feet FMA:TA planta FMA:25000 sole of foot Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29 sole of foot Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29 pelma FMA FMA:25000 sole The sole is the bottom of the foot. In humans is the sole of the foot anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect. The equivalent surface in ungulates is the hoof. Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29 FMA:25000 plantar region Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29 planta Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29 sole of the foot FMA:TA regio plantaris microvascular endothelium BTO:0003122 UBERON:0008339 uberon BTO nasal bridge A saddle-shaped area that includes the nasal root and the lateral aspects of the nose. It lies between the glabella and the inferior boundary of the nasal bone, and extends laterally to the inner canth[WP]. MA:0002874 UBERON:0008340 uberon A saddle-shaped area that includes the nasal root and the lateral aspects of the nose. It lies between the glabella and the inferior boundary of the nasal bone, and extends laterally to the inner canth[WP]. Wikipedia:Nasal_bridge http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.a.32600/full MA columella nasi FMA:59725 UBERON:0008341 columella the tissue that links the nasal tip to the nasal base, and separates the nares. It is the inferior margin of the nasal septum[EoM]. uberon FMA:59725 columella FMA http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.a.32600/full the tissue that links the nasal tip to the nasal base, and separates the nares. It is the inferior margin of the nasal septum[EoM]. intestinal villus of duodenum FMA:63300 UBERON:0008342 uberon FMA FMA intestinal villus of jejunum FMA:63301 UBERON:0008343 uberon FMA FMA intestinal villus of ileum FMA:63302 UBERON:0008344 uberon FMA FMA ileal epithelium FMA:17233 SCTID:47046000 UBERON:0008345 epithelium of ileum uberon FMA:17233 epithelium of ileum FMA duodenal epithelium FMA:17231 SCTID:66036002 UBERON:0008346 epithelium of duodenum uberon FMA:17231 epithelium of duodenum FMA amnion epithelium BTO:0000897 UBERON:0008359 uberon breast epithelium BTO:0001428 UBERON:0008367 uberon tracheobronchial epithelium BTO:0002925 Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. UBERON:0008397 bronchotracheal epithelium uberon BTO BTO:0002925 bronchotracheal epithelium Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckMedicus Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. proximale tubular epithelium BTO:0003576 The cells lining the proximal tubule are cuboidal epithelial cells with deep basal membrane invaginations that provide a large basal surface area. The long microvilli (the brush border) lining the tubule lumen, maximize luminal surface area and make these cells ideally suited for both reabsorptive and secretory functions. UBERON:0008404 proximale tubule epithelium uberon BTO:0003576 proximale tubule epithelium Renal_Physiology:Section_7,_Chapter_3 The cells lining the proximal tubule are cuboidal epithelial cells with deep basal membrane invaginations that provide a large basal surface area. The long microvilli (the brush border) lining the tubule lumen, maximize luminal surface area and make these cells ideally suited for both reabsorptive and secretory functions. BTO distal tubular epithelium BTO:0003948 UBERON:0008408 distal tubule epithelium uberon BTO:0003948 distal tubule epithelium BTO buccal epithelium BTO:0004803 UBERON:0008420 uberon BTO inguinal mammary gland MA:0000790 SCTID:66519003 UBERON:0008424 uberon mammary ridge A bandlike thickening of ectoderm in the embryo extending from just below the axilla to the inguinal region and giving rise to the mammary glands[Stedmans]. One of two parallel lines, formed by thickenings of the epidermis (the mammary ridge) along the ventral surface of mammals of both sexes. They extend from the upper limbs (arms) to the lower limbs (legs) and are developed in the embryo. They give rise to the mammary glands and nipples but are otherwise usually not visible in the adult. The first manifestation of the mammary gland in many mammals is an elevated ridge or milk line, which then fragments into individual buds in specific regions lateral of the dorsal midline. These buds are either located in the thoracic region in primates, in the inguinal area in ungulates or along the entire length of the trunk in rodents and pigs. In humans, milk lines appear in the seventh week of embryonic development. After initial development of the milk lines they go into remission. Nipples develop on the milk lines of mammals. Most humans have two nipples, but in some cases more than two will develop. In most cases, these 'third nipples'—and sometimes fourth nipple—grow along the milk line[WP]. EMAPA:18541 UBERON:0008425 mammary fold milk line split ridge and milk line? uberon http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mammary+ridge mammary fold Wikipedia:Milk_line milk line A bandlike thickening of ectoderm in the embryo extending from just below the axilla to the inguinal region and giving rise to the mammary glands[Stedmans]. One of two parallel lines, formed by thickenings of the epidermis (the mammary ridge) along the ventral surface of mammals of both sexes. They extend from the upper limbs (arms) to the lower limbs (legs) and are developed in the embryo. They give rise to the mammary glands and nipples but are otherwise usually not visible in the adult. The first manifestation of the mammary gland in many mammals is an elevated ridge or milk line, which then fragments into individual buds in specific regions lateral of the dorsal midline. These buds are either located in the thoracic region in primates, in the inguinal area in ungulates or along the entire length of the trunk in rodents and pigs. In humans, milk lines appear in the seventh week of embryonic development. After initial development of the milk lines they go into remission. Nipples develop on the milk lines of mammals. Most humans have two nipples, but in some cases more than two will develop. In most cases, these 'third nipples'—and sometimes fourth nipple—grow along the milk line[WP]. Wikipedia:Milk_line http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mammary%20ridge transverse foramen of atlas FMA:23998 SCTID:281220001 UBERON:0008426 foramen transversarium of atlas uberon FMA:23998 foramen transversarium of atlas transverse foramen of axis FMA:23999 SCTID:281221002 UBERON:0008427 foramen transversarium of axis uberon FMA:23999 foramen transversarium of axis ceratoglossus FMA:46720 UBERON:0008428 ceratoglossus muscle main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone. musculus ceratoglossus uberon ceratoglossus muscle http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655 http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655 musculus ceratoglossus http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655 main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone. FMA cervical vertebral foramen FMA:13480 SCTID:280833008 UBERON:0008429 uberon lumbar vertebral foramen FMA:24826 SCTID:280835001 UBERON:0008430 uberon sacral foramen FMA:31749 UBERON:0008431 uberon thoracic vertebral foramen FMA:9143 SCTID:280834002 UBERON:0008432 uberon lumbar vertebral arch FMA:16076 SCTID:312766000 UBERON:0008433 arch of lumbar vertebra uberon FMA:16076 arch of lumbar vertebra cervical vertebral arch FMA:23893 SCTID:165269004 UBERON:0008434 arch of cervical vertebra uberon FMA:23893 arch of cervical vertebra vertebral arch of sacral segment FMA:32401 UBERON:0008435 uberon thoracic vertebral arch FMA:9151 SCTID:312764002 UBERON:0008436 arch of thoracic vertebra uberon FMA:9151 arch of thoracic vertebra posterior arch of atlas FMA:23977 In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. SCTID:181892007 UBERON:0008437 posterior arch uberon FMA FMA Wikipedia:Posterior_arch posterior arch In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. Wikipedia:Posterior_arch_of_atlas webbed interdigital region of forelimb UBERON:0008438 uberon webbed interdigital region of hindlimb UBERON:0008439 toe web uberon Obol:automatic toe web webbed autpod UBERON:0008440 uberon webbed hand AAO:0010120 UBERON:0008441 uberon webbed foot AAO:0010121 UBERON:0008442 uberon webbed digit UBERON:0008443 uberon webbed forelimb digit UBERON:0008444 uberon webbed finger Obol:automatic webbed finger webbed hindlimb digit UBERON:0008445 uberon webbed toe Obol:automatic webbed toe flexor pollicis longus muscle A muscle in the forearm and hand that flexes the thumb. It lies in the same plane as the flexor digitorum profundus. This muscle is unique to humans, being 'either rudimentary or absent' in other primates. FMA:38481 SCTID:361818001 Taxon notes: Modern humans are unique among hominids in having a flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle belly that is separate from that of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). While the FPL is not a separate muscle belly in extant great apes, a distinct tendon from the FDP belly might be present. In some individuals this tendon tend to act more like a ligament which restricts extension of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. In orangutans there is a tendon similar in insertion and function to the FPL in humans, but which has an intrinsic origin on the oblique head of the adductor pollicis[WP] UBERON:0008446 flexor pollicis flexor pollicis longus flexor pollicis muscle musculus flexor pollicis longus uberon Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle musculus flexor pollicis longus The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. dbpedia Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle musculus flexor pollicis longus A muscle in the forearm and hand that flexes the thumb. It lies in the same plane as the flexor digitorum profundus. This muscle is unique to humans, being 'either rudimentary or absent' in other primates. Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle flexor pollicis Wikipedia The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb dbpedia Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle flexor pollicis longus Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle flexor pollicis muscle dbpedia intertarsal joint 2 FMA:44281 GAID:259 Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831 SCTID:182221001 UBERON:0008447 articulationes intertarsale articulationes intertarsales articulationes intertarseae intermetatarsal joint intertarsal intertarsal articulation intertarsal joint ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Joint tarsal joint tarsal joints uberon Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations articulationes intertarsales MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831 intermetatarsal joint MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831 tarsal joint two adjacent tarsals MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831 intertarsal joint Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations intertarsal MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831 articulationes intertarsale Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations intertarsal articulation Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations tarsal joints MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831 articulationes intertarseae trochlear notch FMA:23619 The semilunar notch of the ulna (trochlear notch of ulna, greater sigmoid cavity) is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. About the middle of either side of this notch is an indentation, which contracts it somewhat, and indicates the junction of the olecranon and the coronoid process. The notch is concave from above downward, and divided into a medial and a lateral portion by a smooth ridge running from the summit of the olecranon to the tip of the coronoid process. The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below. UBERON:0008449 incisura trochlearis incisura trochlearis ulnae, incisura semilunaris ulnae semilunar notch semilunar notch of ulna uberon FMA:23619 semilunar notch of ulna Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch incisura trochlearis Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch semilunar notch The semilunar notch of the ulna (trochlear notch of ulna, greater sigmoid cavity) is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. About the middle of either side of this notch is an indentation, which contracts it somewhat, and indicates the junction of the olecranon and the coronoid process. The notch is concave from above downward, and divided into a medial and a lateral portion by a smooth ridge running from the summit of the olecranon to the tip of the coronoid process. The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below. Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch incisura trochlearis ulnae, incisura semilunaris ulnae psoas A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology. BTO:0001140 MA:0002553 MESH:A.02.633.567.825 UBERON:0008450 galen:Psoas ncithesaurus:Psoas_Muscle psoas muscle uberon MA:0002553 psoas muscle BTO A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology. MESH:A.02.633.567.825 rectus capitis anterior FMA:46312 SCTID:244838005 The rectus capitis anterior (rectus capitis anticus minor) is a short, flat muscle, situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis. It arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process, and passing obliquely upward and medialward, is inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum. UBERON:0008453 anterior rectus capitis anterior rectus capitis muscle anterior vertebral muscle musculus rectus capitis anterior recti capitis anteriores rectus capitis rectus capitis anterior rectus capitis anterior muscle rectus capitus anterior rectus capitus anterior muscle uberon Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle anterior rectus capitis muscle Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle rectus capitis anterior Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle musculus rectus capitis anterior FMA:46312 anterior rectus capitis Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle rectus capitus anterior muscle Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle anterior vertebral muscle Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle rectus capitis The rectus capitis anterior (rectus capitis anticus minor) is a short, flat muscle, situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis. It arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process, and passing obliquely upward and medialward, is inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum. Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle rectus capitus anterior Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle recti capitis anteriores FMA dbpedia Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle rectus capitis anterior muscle rectus capitis posterior major FMA:32525 SCTID:245994002 The Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major) arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the Recti capitis posteriores minores are seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint. UBERON:0008454 greater posterior rectus capitis musculus rectus capitis posterior major recti capitis posteriores major rectus capitis posterior major rectus capitis posterior major muscle rectus capitus posterior major rectus capitus posterior major muscle rectus posterior major uberon Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle musculus rectus capitis posterior major Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle recti capitis posteriores major Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle rectus capitis posterior major muscle Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle rectus capitus posterior major Inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone dbpedia Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle rectus capitus posterior major muscle Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle rectus posterior major Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle rectus capitis posterior major Spinous process of the axis dbpedia Dorsal ramus of C1 dbpedia The Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major) arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the Recti capitis posteriores minores are seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint. Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle FMA:32525 greater posterior rectus capitis FMA rectus capitis posterior minor FMA:32526 SCTID:245995001 The Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura. The synergists are the rectus capitus posterior major and Obliquus capitis. Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital junction between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spinal dura and the lateral portion of the occipital bone. Anatomic structures innervated by cervical nerves C1-C3 have the potential to cause headache pain. Included are the joint complexes of the upper 3 cervical segments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. The dura-muscular, dura-ligamentous connections in the upper cervical spine and occipital areas may provide anatomic and physiologic answers to the cause of the cervicogenic headache. This proposal would further explain manipulation's efficacy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache . UBERON:0008455 lesser posterior rectus capitis musculus rectus capitis posterior minor recti capitis posteriores minores rectus capitis posterior minor rectus capitis posterior minor muscle rectus capitus posterior minor rectus capitus posterior minor muscle rectus posterior minor uberon Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle rectus capitis posterior minor FMA:32526 lesser posterior rectus capitis Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle rectus posterior minor Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle rectus capitus posterior minor Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle rectus capitus posterior minor muscle dbpedia the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle musculus rectus capitis posterior minor Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle recti capitis posteriores minores Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle rectus capitis posterior minor muscle FMA dbpedia the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum The Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura. The synergists are the rectus capitus posterior major and Obliquus capitis. Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital junction between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spinal dura and the lateral portion of the occipital bone. Anatomic structures innervated by cervical nerves C1-C3 have the potential to cause headache pain. Included are the joint complexes of the upper 3 cervical segments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. The dura-muscular, dura-ligamentous connections in the upper cervical spine and occipital areas may provide anatomic and physiologic answers to the cause of the cervicogenic headache. This proposal would further explain manipulation's efficacy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache . Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle superior articular process of lumbar vertebra FMA:16126 SCTID:305677003 UBERON:0008456 cranial articular process of lumbar vertebra uberon FMA:16126 cranial articular process of lumbar vertebra superior articular process of sacral vertebra FMA:16215 UBERON:0008457 articular process of sacral segment processus articularis superior (os sacrum) processus articularis superior ossis sacri superior articular process of sacral segment superior articular process of sacrum uberon FMA:TA processus articularis superior ossis sacri FMA:16215 processus articularis superior (os sacrum) FMA:16215 articular process of sacral segment FMA:16215 superior articular process of sacrum FMA:16215 superior articular process of sacral segment superior articular process of cervical vertebra FMA:23969 SCTID:57767002 UBERON:0008459 uberon superior articular process of thoracic vertebra FMA:9155 SCTID:367801006 UBERON:0008460 cranial articular process of thoracic vertebra processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus superior superior apophyseal process superior zygapophysis uberon FMA:9155 processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus superior FMA:9155 superior zygapophysis FMA:9155 superior apophyseal process FMA:9155 cranial articular process of thoracic vertebra inferior articular process of lumbar vertebra FMA:16127 SCTID:306283004 UBERON:0008461 caudal articular process of lumbar vertebra uberon FMA:16127 caudal articular process of lumbar vertebra inferior articular process of cervical vertebra FMA:23970 SCTID:61633005 UBERON:0008462 uberon inferior articular process of thoracic vertebra FMA:9156 SCTID:367814007 UBERON:0008463 caudal articular process of thoracic vertebra inferior apophyseal process inferior zygapophysis processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus inferior uberon FMA:9156 processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus inferior FMA:9156 caudal articular process of thoracic vertebra FMA:9156 inferior zygapophysis FMA:9156 inferior apophyseal process abductor hallucis muscle FMA:37448 SCTID:181723001 The Abductor hallucis lies along the medial border of the foot and covers the origins of the plantar vessels and nerves. It arises from the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, from the laciniate ligament, from the plantar aponeurosis, and from the intermuscular septum between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis. The fibers end in a tendon, which is inserted, together with the medial tendon of the Flexor hallucis brevis, into the tibial side of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe. UBERON:0008464 Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle abductor hallucis musculus abductor hallucis uberon Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle abductor hallucis The Abductor hallucis lies along the medial border of the foot and covers the origins of the plantar vessels and nerves. It arises from the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, from the laciniate ligament, from the plantar aponeurosis, and from the intermuscular septum between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis. The fibers end in a tendon, which is inserted, together with the medial tendon of the Flexor hallucis brevis, into the tibial side of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe. Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle musculus abductor hallucis dbpedia tuberosity of the calcaneus abductor pollicis brevis muscle FMA:37373 SCTID:181648007 The abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that functions as an abductor of the thumb. UBERON:0008465 Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle abductor brevis abductor pollicis brevis musculus abductor pollicis brevis uberon Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle abductor brevis Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors dbpedia Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle abductor pollicis brevis Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle musculus abductor pollicis brevis The abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that functions as an abductor of the thumb. Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium dbpedia cremaster muscle EMAPA:31250 FMA:21531 SCTID:244948006 The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis. UBERON:0008488 cremaster cremaster muscle cremasteric muscle muscle of riolan (cremaster) musculus cremaster musculus cremaster musculus cremaster <male> ncithesaurus:Cremaster_Muscle uberon FMA:21531 cremaster Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle musculus cremaster The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis. Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle FMA:TA musculus cremaster <male> dbpedia FMA:21531 muscle of riolan (cremaster) dbpedia Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle cremasteric muscle EMAPA Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle cremaster muscle FMA:TA musculus cremaster gluteus minimus FMA:22317 SCTID:181676004 The gluteus minimus (or glutC&us minimus), the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius. UBERON:0008521 glut%c3%a6us minimus glutaeus minimus gluteus minimus gluteus minimus muscle musculus gluteus minimus uberon Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus medius. dbpedia FMA The gluteus minimus (or glutC&us minimus), the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius. Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle FMA Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle musculus gluteus minimus Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle glutaeus minimus Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle gluteus minimus FMA Greater trochanter of the femur dbpedia Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle glut%c3%a6us minimus nasal muscle FMA:73758 SCTID:244730009 UBERON:0008522 muscle of nose ncithesaurus:Nasal_Muscle uberon FMA Obol:automatic muscle of nose infrahyoid muscle FMA:13338 SCTID:244829008 The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck. (The term infrahyoid refers to the region below to the hyoid bone in the neck. ) Collectively, they are referred to as the strap muscles, because the muscles are long and flat much like a strap. UBERON:0008523 infrahyoid infrahyoid muscle infrahyoidala musculi infrahyoidei strap muscle strap muscles uberon Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles infrahyoidala Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles infrahyoid Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles musculi infrahyoidei Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles infrahyoid muscle Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles strap muscles Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles strap muscle dbpedia The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck. (The term infrahyoid refers to the region below to the hyoid bone in the neck. ) Collectively, they are referred to as the strap muscles, because the muscles are long and flat much like a strap. Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles piriformis FMA:19082 The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = "pear shaped") is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb. UBERON:0008529 m.piriformis musculus piriformis piriform muscle piriformis muscle uberon FMA Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle musculus piriformis FMA:19082 m.piriformis The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = "pear shaped") is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb. Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle dbpedia FMA FMA Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle piriformis muscle Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle musculus piriformis Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle piriform muscle dbpedia quadratus femoris FMA:22321 The quadratus femoris is, as its name implies, a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong lateral rotator and adductor of the thigh, but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the Acetabulum. UBERON:0008537 musculus quadratus femoris quadratus femoris muscle uberon The quadratus femoris is, as its name implies, a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong lateral rotator and adductor of the thigh, but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the Acetabulum. Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle musculus quadratus femoris FMA FMA Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle quadratus femoris muscle muscle of posterior compartment of thigh FMA:22427 The posterior fascial compartment of the thigh contains the knee flexors and hip extensors. It consists of the following muscles: biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus The muscles here (except for the short head of the biceps femoris) are the hamstrings. UBERON:0008538 compartimentum femoris posterius posterior fascial compartment of thigh posterior femoral muscle posterior femoral muscles uberon The posterior fascial compartment of the thigh contains the knee flexors and hip extensors. It consists of the following muscles: biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus The muscles here (except for the short head of the biceps femoris) are the hamstrings. Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh compartimentum femoris posterius FMA FMA:22427 posterior femoral muscle Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh posterior femoral muscles Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh posterior fascial compartment of thigh splenius cervicis FMA:22681 The splenius cervicis (splenius colli) arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae. UBERON:0008544 musculus splenius cervicis splenius cervicis muscle uberon The splenius cervicis (splenius colli) arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae. Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle FMA Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle splenius cervicis muscle Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle musculus splenius cervicis Posterior rami of the lower Cervical spinal nerves dbpedia dbpedia transverse processes of C1-C3 iliocostalis cervicis FMA:22704 The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). UBERON:0008546 erector spinae - iliocostalis iliocostalis cervicis muscle iliocostalis lumborum iliocostalis muscle iliocostalis thoracis iliocostalis thoracis muscle uberon FMA Wikipedia:Iliocostalis iliocostalis cervicis muscle Wikipedia:Iliocostalis iliocostalis thoracis muscle Wikipedia:Iliocostalis iliocostalis lumborum Wikipedia:Iliocostalis iliocostalis muscle Wikipedia:Iliocostalis iliocostalis thoracis Wikipedia:Iliocostalis erector spinae - iliocostalis dbpedia The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). Wikipedia:Iliocostalis_muscle prevertebral muscle FMA:32514 The prevertebral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i.e. , the longus capitis and longus colli muscles. It also includes the recti capitis anterior and lateralis. UBERON:0008549 flexor muscle of vertebral column uberon The prevertebral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i.e. , the longus capitis and longus colli muscles. It also includes the recti capitis anterior and lateralis. Wikipedia:Prevertebral_muscles FMA FMA:32514 flexor muscle of vertebral column suprahyoid muscle FMA:46290 SCTID:244824003 The term suprahyoid refers to the region above (superior to) the hyoid bone in the neck. The suprahyoid muscles include digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid. UBERON:0008571 musculi suprahyoidei suprahyoid suprahyoidala uberon The term suprahyoid refers to the region above (superior to) the hyoid bone in the neck. The suprahyoid muscles include digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid. Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles suprahyoid Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles suprahyoidala Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles musculi suprahyoidei posterior crico-arytenoid FMA:46576 SCTID:244812005 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are extremely small, paired muscles that extend from the posterior cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages laterally, these muscles abduct the vocal cords and thereby open the rima glottidis. Their action opposes the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles may lead to asphyxiation as they are the only laryngeal muscles to open the true vocal folds, allowing inspiration and expiration. UBERON:0008572 cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus posterior cricoarytaenoideus posterior musculus cricoarytenoideus posterior posterior cricoarytenoid muscle posterior cricoarytenoideus uberon Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoarytaenoideus posterior The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are extremely small, paired muscles that extend from the posterior cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages laterally, these muscles abduct the vocal cords and thereby open the rima glottidis. Their action opposes the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles may lead to asphyxiation as they are the only laryngeal muscles to open the true vocal folds, allowing inspiration and expiration. Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus posterior Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle posterior cricoarytenoid muscle dbpedia dbpedia recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus dbpedia muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage dbpedia posterior part of the cricoid FMA:46576 posterior cricoarytenoideus Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle musculus cricoarytenoideus posterior lateral crico-arytenoid FMA:46579 SCTID:244813000 The lateral cricoarytenoid (also anterior cricoarytenoid) muscles extend from the lateral cricoid cartilage to the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages medially, these muscles adduct the vocal cords and thereby close the rima glottidis, protecting the airway. (Their action is antagonistic to that of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ) The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). UBERON:0008573 cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis muscle cricoarytaenoideus lateralis cricoarytaenoideus lateralis muscle lateral cricoarytenoid muscle lateral cricoarytenoideus musculus cricoarytenoideus lateralis uberon dbpedia lateral part of the arch of the cricoid Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle musculus cricoarytenoideus lateralis dbpedia recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus dbpedia muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle lateral cricoarytenoid muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoarytaenoideus lateralis The lateral cricoarytenoid (also anterior cricoarytenoid) muscles extend from the lateral cricoid cartilage to the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages medially, these muscles adduct the vocal cords and thereby close the rima glottidis, protecting the airway. (Their action is antagonistic to that of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ) The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoarytaenoideus lateralis muscle dbpedia FMA:46579 lateral cricoarytenoideus Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis transverse arytenoid FMA:46582 The tranverse arytenoid crosses transversely between the two cartilages. It is an unpaired muscle running from one arytenoid to another to pull the arytenoids together. UBERON:0008574 arytenoid transversus tranverse arytenoid muscle uberon Wikipedia:Transverse_arytenoid tranverse arytenoid muscle The tranverse arytenoid crosses transversely between the two cartilages. It is an unpaired muscle running from one arytenoid to another to pull the arytenoids together. Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle oblique arytenoid FMA:46583 The oblique arytenoid, the more superficial Arytenoid muscle, forms two fasciculi, which pass from the base of one cartilage to the apex of the opposite one, and therefore cross each other like the limbs of the letter X; a few fibers are continued around the lateral margin of the cartilage, and are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold; they are sometimes described as a separate muscle, the Aryepiglotticus. The aryepiglottic muscle together with the transverse arytenoid and the thyroarytenoid work as a sphincter and close the larynx as we swallow or cough. Its innervation is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus) just like all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle. UBERON:0008575 arytenoid obliquus oblique arytenoid muscle uberon Wikipedia:Oblique_arytenoid oblique arytenoid muscle The oblique arytenoid, the more superficial Arytenoid muscle, forms two fasciculi, which pass from the base of one cartilage to the apex of the opposite one, and therefore cross each other like the limbs of the letter X; a few fibers are continued around the lateral margin of the cartilage, and are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold; they are sometimes described as a separate muscle, the Aryepiglotticus. The aryepiglottic muscle together with the transverse arytenoid and the thyroarytenoid work as a sphincter and close the larynx as we swallow or cough. Its innervation is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus) just like all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle. Wikipedia:Oblique_arytenoid_muscle thyro-arytenoid FMA:46588 SCTID:91561000 The Thyroarytenoid is a broad, thin, muscle which lies parallel with and lateral to the vocal fold, and supports the wall of the ventricle and its appendix. It functions in fine tonal control of the vocal cords. UBERON:0008576 musculus thyroarytenoideus ncithesaurus:Thyroarytenoid_Muscle thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus muscle thyreoarytaenoideus thyreoarytaenoideus muscle thyreoepiglotticus thyro-arytenoid %26 vocalis thyro-arytenoid muscle thyroaryt%c3%a6noideus thyroarytenoid thyroarytenoid muscle uberon ventricularis ventricularis muscle Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyroaryt%c3%a6noideus Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle musculus thyroarytenoideus Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyreoarytaenoideus dbpedia recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus Anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage dbpedia The Thyroarytenoid is a broad, thin, muscle which lies parallel with and lateral to the vocal fold, and supports the wall of the ventricle and its appendix. It functions in fine tonal control of the vocal cords. Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyroarytenoid Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus muscle FMA Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyreoepiglotticus Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle ventricularis FMA Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle ventricularis muscle Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyro-arytenoid %26 vocalis Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyreoarytaenoideus muscle Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyro-arytenoid muscle Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage dbpedia Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle thyroarytenoid muscle vocalis FMA:46591 The vocal muscle is the upper portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle which is primarily involved in producing speech. UBERON:0008577 musculus vocalis ncithesaurus:Vocalis_Muscle uberon vocal muscle vocalis muscle The vocal muscle is the upper portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle which is primarily involved in producing speech. Wikipedia:Vocal_muscle FMA Wikipedia:Vocal_muscle musculus vocalis FMA:46591 vocal muscle FMA Wikipedia superior longitudinal muscle of tongue FMA:46693 SCTID:244790006 The Longitudinalis linguC& superior (Superior lingualis) is a thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue. UBERON:0008582 longitudinalis lingu%c3%a6 superior longitudinalis linguae superior musculus longitudinalis superior musculus longitudinalis superior linguae superior longitudinal muscle uberon Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue longitudinalis linguae superior Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue superior longitudinal muscle dbpedia edges of the tongue Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue musculus longitudinalis superior linguae FMA:46693 musculus longitudinalis superior The Longitudinalis linguC& superior (Superior lingualis) is a thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue. Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue dbpedia FMA Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue longitudinalis lingu%c3%a6 superior transverse muscle of tongue FMA:46695 SCTID:244792003 The Transversus linguC& (tansverse lingualis) is a muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue. UBERON:0008583 musculus transversus linguae transverse lingual muscle transverse muscle transversus lingu%c3%a6 transversus linguae transversus muscle uberon Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transverse muscle FMA:46695 transverse lingual muscle Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transversus linguae Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue musculus transversus linguae dbpedia sides of the tongue FMA The Transversus linguC& (tansverse lingualis) is a muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue. Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transversus lingu%c3%a6 dbpedia Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transversus muscle vertical muscle of tongue FMA:46696 SCTID:244793008 The Verticalis linguC& (Vertical lingualis) is found only at the borders of the forepart of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the organ. UBERON:0008584 musculus verticalis linguae uberon vertical lingual muscle vertical muscle verticalis lingu%c3%a6 verticalis lingu%c3%a6 muscle verticalis linguae verticalis linguae muscle verticalis muscle The Verticalis linguC& (Vertical lingualis) is found only at the borders of the forepart of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the organ. Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue Submucosal fibrous layer of dorsum of tongue dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis linguae muscle Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis muscle Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis linguae FMA Inferior surface borders of tongue dbpedia Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue vertical muscle FMA:46696 vertical lingual muscle Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis lingu%c3%a6 Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue musculus verticalis linguae Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis lingu%c3%a6 muscle levator veli palatini FMA:46727 SCTID:244795001 The levator veli palatini is the elevator muscle of the velum palatinum in the human body. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. It is innervated via the pharyngeal plexus, primarily by the vagus nerve (CN X). The levator veli palatini (Levator palati) is a thick, rounded muscle situated lateral to the choanC&. It arises from the under surface of the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and from the medial lamina of the cartilage of the auditory tube. After passing above the upper concave margin of the Constrictor pharyngis superior it spreads out in the palatine velum, its fibers extending obliquely downward and medially to the middle line, where they blend with those of the opposite side. UBERON:0008585 levator palati levator veli levator veli palatini muscle levator velum palatini muscle musculus levator veli palatini uberon Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini levator palati FMA Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus dbpedia Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini levator veli The levator veli palatini is the elevator muscle of the velum palatinum in the human body. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. It is innervated via the pharyngeal plexus, primarily by the vagus nerve (CN X). The levator veli palatini (Levator palati) is a thick, rounded muscle situated lateral to the choanC&. It arises from the under surface of the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and from the medial lamina of the cartilage of the auditory tube. After passing above the upper concave margin of the Constrictor pharyngis superior it spreads out in the palatine velum, its fibers extending obliquely downward and medially to the middle line, where they blend with those of the opposite side. Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini levator velum palatini muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini levator veli palatini muscle Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini musculus levator veli palatini tensor veli palatini FMA:46730 SCTID:361815003 The tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate. UBERON:0008586 musculus tensor veli palatini tensor palati tensor palati muscle tensor veli palatini tensor veli palatini muscle uberon Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle tensor veli palatini Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle tensor palati muscle FMA Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle tensor palati Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle musculus tensor veli palatini The tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate. Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle dbpedia medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve procerus FMA:46769 The Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein. UBERON:0008588 depressor glabellae musculus procerus, pyramidalis nasi, depressor glabellae procerus muscle pyramidalis nasi uberon FMA Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle procerus muscle Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle pyramidalis nasi Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle depressor glabellae Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle musculus procerus, pyramidalis nasi, depressor glabellae The Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein. Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle Temporal Branch of the facial nerve dbpedia depressor septi nasi FMA:46777 SCTID:244733006 The depressor septi (Depressor alE nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip. UBERON:0008589 depressor al%c3%a6 nasi depressor alae nasi depressor septi depressor septi nasi muscle musculus depressor septi nasi uberon Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle depressor alae nasi The depressor septi (Depressor alE nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip. Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle depressor septi Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle musculus depressor septi nasi Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle depressor septi nasi muscle dbpedia incisive fossa of the maxilla Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle depressor al%c3%a6 nasi Buccal branch of the facial nerve dbpedia FMA depressor supercilii FMA:46798 The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al. ) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle . On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilli is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eybrow and skin of the glabella. UBERON:0008591 depressor supercilii muscle musculus depressor supercilii uberon FMA The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al. ) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle . On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilli is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eybrow and skin of the glabella. Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle musculus depressor supercilii Medial aspect of bony orbit dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle depressor supercilii muscle levator labii superioris alaeque nasi FMA:46802 The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the "lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose". It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal. UBERON:0008592 alaeque elvis muscle levator labii superioris alaequae nasi muscle levator labii superioris alaeque nasi musculus levator labii superioris alaequae nasi uberon The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the "lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose". It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal. Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle dbpedia nostril and upper lip FMA Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle elvis muscle dbpedia buccal branch of facial nerve CN VII dbpedia Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle alaeque Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle musculus levator labii superioris alaequae nasi dbpedia nostril and upper lip Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle levator labii superioris alaequae nasi muscle zygomaticus major FMA:46810 SCTID:244739005 The Zygomatic major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly. Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII). The Zygomaticus extends from each zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. It raises the corners of the mouth when a person smiles. Dimples may be caused by variations in the structure of this muscle. UBERON:0008593 musculus zygomaticus major ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus_Major uberon zygomatic major zygomatic major muscle zygomatic muscle zygomaticcus major zygomaticus major The Zygomatic major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly. Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII). The Zygomaticus extends from each zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. It raises the corners of the mouth when a person smiles. Dimples may be caused by variations in the structure of this muscle. Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle dbpedia zygomatic branch of facial nerve Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle zygomatic major muscle dbpedia modiolus of mouth Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle musculus zygomaticus major Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle zygomaticus major Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle zygomaticcus major Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle zygomatic muscle Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle zygomatic major zygomaticus minor FMA:46811 The zygomaticus minor is a muscle of facial expression. It originates from malar bone and continues with orbicularis oculi on the lateral face of the Levator labii superioris and then inserts into the outer part of the upper lip. Do not confuse this with the Zygomaticus major, which insets into the angle of the mouth. It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward (used in making sad facial expressions). &lt;/gallery&gt; Like all muscles of facial expression, it is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII). UBERON:0008594 ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus_Minor uberon zygomaticus minor Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_minor_muscle zygomaticus minor dbpedia dbpedia dbpedia skin of the upper lip The zygomaticus minor is a muscle of facial expression. It originates from malar bone and continues with orbicularis oculi on the lateral face of the Levator labii superioris and then inserts into the outer part of the upper lip. Do not confuse this with the Zygomaticus major, which insets into the angle of the mouth. It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward (used in making sad facial expressions). &lt;/gallery&gt; Like all muscles of facial expression, it is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII). Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_minor_muscle dbpedia skin of the upper lip levator anguli oris FMA:46822 The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen. Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris. UBERON:0008595 caninus caninus muscle levator anguli oris levator anguli oris muscle musculus levator anguli oris uberon The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen. Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris. Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris_muscle Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris caninus dbpedia Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris caninus muscle Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris musculus levator anguli oris dbpedia Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris levator anguli oris muscle Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris levator anguli oris FMA mentalis FMA:46825 SCTID:244744003 The Mentalis is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure. It is ometimes referred to as the "pouting muscle. " Its fibers arise from the incisive fossa of the mandible, then course vertically downward to insert in the skin of the chin. A movement disorder of the mentalis muscle is Geniospasm which is a benign but socially excluding genetic disorder. UBERON:0008596 mentalis muscle musculus mentalis uberon dbpedia Wikipedia:Mentalis musculus mentalis The Mentalis is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure. It is ometimes referred to as the "pouting muscle. " Its fibers arise from the incisive fossa of the mandible, then course vertically downward to insert in the skin of the chin. A movement disorder of the mentalis muscle is Geniospasm which is a benign but socially excluding genetic disorder. Wikipedia:Mentalis Wikipedia:Mentalis musculus mentalis dbpedia Wikipedia:Mentalis mentalis muscle FMA depressor anguli oris FMA:46828 The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth. UBERON:0008597 depressor anguli oris musculus depressor anguli oris triangularis triangularis muscle uberon Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle depressor anguli oris dbpedia tubercle of mandible dbpedia modiolus of mouth Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle triangularis muscle Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle musculus depressor anguli oris The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth. Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle FMA Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle triangularis risorius FMA:46838 The risorius arises in the fascia over the parotid gland and, passing horizontally forward, superficial to the platysma, inserts onto the skin at the angle of the mouth. It is a narrow bundle of fibers, broadest at its origin, but varies much in its size and form. UBERON:0008598 musculus risorius risorius muscle uberon Wikipedia:Risorius risorius muscle Wikipedia:Risorius musculus risorius The risorius arises in the fascia over the parotid gland and, passing horizontally forward, superficial to the platysma, inserts onto the skin at the angle of the mouth. It is a narrow bundle of fibers, broadest at its origin, but varies much in its size and form. Wikipedia:Risorius dbpedia FMA helicis major FMA:48968 The Helicis major is a narrow vertical band situated upon the anterior margin of the helix. It arises below, from the spina helicis, and is inserted into the anterior border of the helix, just where it is about to curve backward. UBERON:0008603 musculus helicis major uberon Wikipedia:Helicis_major musculus helicis major FMA The Helicis major is a narrow vertical band situated upon the anterior margin of the helix. It arises below, from the spina helicis, and is inserted into the anterior border of the helix, just where it is about to curve backward. Wikipedia:Helicis_major FMA helicis minor FMA:48971 The Helicis minor is an oblique fasciculus, covering the crus helicis. UBERON:0008604 musculus helicis minor uberon FMA The Helicis minor is an oblique fasciculus, covering the crus helicis. Wikipedia:Helicis_minor Wikipedia:Helicis_minor musculus helicis minor FMA tragicus FMA:48974 The Tragicus is a short, flattened vertical band on the lateral surface of the tragus. UBERON:0008605 musculus tragicus uberon The Tragicus is a short, flattened vertical band on the lateral surface of the tragus. Wikipedia:Tragicus FMA FMA Wikipedia:Tragicus musculus tragicus antitragicus FMA:48980 The Antitragicus arises from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the cauda helicis and antihelix. UBERON:0008606 musculus antitragicus uberon FMA Wikipedia:Antitragicus musculus antitragicus The Antitragicus arises from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the cauda helicis and antihelix. Wikipedia:Antitragicus FMA transverse muscle of auricle FMA:48983 The transverse muscle of auricle is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna. It consists of scattered fibers, partly tendinous and partly muscular, extending from the eminentia conchae to the prominence corresponding with the scapha. UBERON:0008607 musculus transversus auriculae transverse muscle of pinna transversus auriculae transversus auricularis uberon The transverse muscle of auricle is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna. It consists of scattered fibers, partly tendinous and partly muscular, extending from the eminentia conchae to the prominence corresponding with the scapha. Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle transversus auriculae FMA Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle musculus transversus auriculae FMA:48983 transverse muscle of pinna FMA:48983 transversus auricularis FMA oblique muscle of auricle FMA:48986 SCTID:244768006 The oblique muscle of auricle, on the cranial surface, consists of a few fibers extending from the upper and back part of the concha to the convexity immediately above it. UBERON:0008608 musculus obliquus auriculae oblique muscle of pinna obliquus auricul%c3%a6 obliquus auriculae obliquus auricularis muscle uberon Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle obliquus auriculae FMA:48986 obliquus auricularis muscle FMA:48986 oblique muscle of pinna The oblique muscle of auricle, on the cranial surface, consists of a few fibers extending from the upper and back part of the concha to the convexity immediately above it. Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle FMA FMA Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle musculus obliquus auriculae Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle obliquus auricul%c3%a6 transversus menti FMA:49080 The transversus menti, or transverse muscle of the chin, is a facial muscle that is often considered to be the superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle which cross to the other side of the face. UBERON:0008609 musculus transversus menti transverse menti transversus menti uberon dbpedia FMA:49080 transverse menti The transversus menti, or transverse muscle of the chin, is a facial muscle that is often considered to be the superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle which cross to the other side of the face. Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin FMA Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin transversus menti Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin musculus transversus menti scalene muscle FMA:64829 SCTID:244843003 The scalene muscles (from greek ON:N1N;N7N=OO, "skew") are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. They are innervated by the spinal nerves C4-C8. UBERON:0008611 lateral cervical muscle lateral cervical muscles lateral vertebral muscle m scalenus ncithesaurus:Scalene_Muscle scalene muscle scalene muscles scalenes scaleni scalenus scalenus muscle uberon Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles scalene muscles Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles lateral cervical muscle dbpedia first and second ribs Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles scalenus Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles scalene muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles scalenes Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles lateral cervical muscles Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles lateral vertebral muscle Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles m scalenus FMA The scalene muscles (from greek ON:N1N;N7N=OO, "skew") are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. They are innervated by the spinal nerves C4-C8. Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles scaleni FMA:64829 scalenus muscle dbpedia first and second ribs muscle of pelvic diaphragm FMA:64856 The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below. The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus. The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition. Some fibers are inserted into the prostate, urethra, and vagina. The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling . Some regard them as a part of the sphincter ani externus. The iliococcygeus, the most posterior part of the levator ani, is often poorly developed. The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx. The pelvic cavity of the true pelvis has the pelvic floor as its inferior border (and the pelvic brim as its superior border. ) The perineum has the pelvic floor as its superior border. Some sources do not consider "pelvic floor" and "pelvic diaphragm" to be identical, with the "diaphragm" consisting of only the levator ani and coccygeus, while the "floor" also includes the perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch. However, other sources include the fascia as part of the diaphragm. In practice, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Inferiorly, the pelvic floor extends into the anal triangle. UBERON:0008612 diaphragm of the pelvis diaphragma pelvis muscle of pelvic floor ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Floor_Muscle pelvic diaphragm pelvic diaphragm muscle pelvic floor muscles pelvic muscles uberon FMA FMA:64856 muscle of pelvic floor The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below. The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus. The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition. Some fibers are inserted into the prostate, urethra, and vagina. The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling . Some regard them as a part of the sphincter ani externus. The iliococcygeus, the most posterior part of the levator ani, is often poorly developed. The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx. The pelvic cavity of the true pelvis has the pelvic floor as its inferior border (and the pelvic brim as its superior border. ) The perineum has the pelvic floor as its superior border. Some sources do not consider "pelvic floor" and "pelvic diaphragm" to be identical, with the "diaphragm" consisting of only the levator ani and coccygeus, while the "floor" also includes the perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch. However, other sources include the fascia as part of the diaphragm. In practice, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Inferiorly, the pelvic floor extends into the anal triangle. Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor pelvic muscles Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor pelvic diaphragm Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor diaphragm of the pelvis FMA:64856 pelvic diaphragm muscle Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor pelvic floor muscles Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor diaphragma pelvis innermost intercostal muscle FMA:9758 SCTID:368054008 The Innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscle beneath the intercostal nerves and internal intercostal muscles. These are divided into transversus thoracis anteriorly, lateral muscle slips laterally and subcostalis posteriorly. UBERON:0008617 musculus intercostalis intimus uberon Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle musculus intercostalis intimus dbpedia Inferior border of the rib above dbpedia Upper border of a rib dbpedia Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle musculus intercostalis intimus The Innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscle beneath the intercostal nerves and internal intercostal muscles. These are divided into transversus thoracis anteriorly, lateral muscle slips laterally and subcostalis posteriorly. Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle FMA subcostal muscle FMA:9759 SCTID:244914005 The Subcostales (Infracostales) consist of muscular and aponeurotic fasciculi, which are usually well-developed only in the lower part of the thorax; each originates from the inner surface of one rib, and is inserted into the inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle. Their fibers run in the same direction as those of the Intercostales interni. UBERON:0008618 musculus subcostalis subcostal muscles subcostales subcostales muscle subcostales muscles subcostalis uberon Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle subcostal muscles Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle subcostales muscles dbpedia inner surface of the second or third rib below near its angle FMA dbpedia inner surface of one rib Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle subcostales Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle subcostalis dbpedia Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle subcostales muscle Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle musculus subcostalis The Subcostales (Infracostales) consist of muscular and aponeurotic fasciculi, which are usually well-developed only in the lower part of the thorax; each originates from the inner surface of one rib, and is inserted into the inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle. Their fibers run in the same direction as those of the Intercostales interni. Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle scalenus anterior FMA:13385 The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus), also known as anterior scalene muscle, lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrC&, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the rib in front of the subclavian groove. UBERON:0008622 anterior scalene musculus scalenus anterior scalenus anterior muscle scalenus anticus uberon FMA Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior musculus scalenus anterior The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus), also known as anterior scalene muscle, lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrC&, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the rib in front of the subclavian groove. Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior anterior scalene dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior scalenus anterior muscle Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior scalenus anticus stylohyoid FMA:9625 SCTID:244826001 The stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying anterior, and superior of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve. UBERON:0008712 musculus stylohyoideus stylohyoid stylohyoideus stylohyoideus muscle stylohyoideus muscles uberon The stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying anterior, and superior of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve. Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle dbpedia FMA Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle musculus stylohyoideus Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle stylohyoid Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle stylohyoideus muscles dbpedia greater cornu of hyoid bone Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle stylohyoideus dbpedia Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle stylohyoideus muscle pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle EHDAA2:0001421 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001422 UBERON:0008713 uberon muscle tissue of prostate UBERON:0008715 ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Muscular_Tissue prostate gland muscle tissue prostate muscle tissue uberon OBOL:automatic prostate gland muscle tissue OBOL:automatic prostate muscle tissue hilum of kidney FMA:15610 SCTID:279370006 UBERON:0008716 galen:HilumOfKidney renal hilum uberon FMA:15610 renal hilum proximal epiphysis of tibia FMA:33113 SCTID:302526005 UBERON:0008772 head of tibia ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Tibia proximal end of tibia uberon upper end of tibia FMA:33113 proximal end of tibia FMA:33113 head of tibia FMA:33113 upper end of tibia proximal epiphysis of fibula FMA:33729 SCTID:182080006 UBERON:0008775 head of fibula ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Fibula proximal end of fibula uberon upper end of fibula FMA:33729 head of fibula FMA:33729 upper end of fibula FMA:33729 proximal end of fibula inner cell mass derived hypoblast EHDAA2:0000796 The hypoblast is a tissue type that forms from the inner cell mass. It lies beneath the epiblast and consists of small cuboidal cells. Extraembryonic endoderm is derived from hypoblast. UBERON:0008776 uberon The hypoblast is a tissue type that forms from the inner cell mass. It lies beneath the epiblast and consists of small cuboidal cells. Extraembryonic endoderm is derived from hypoblast. Wikipedia:Hypoblast Wikipedia hypaxial musclulature AAO:0000228 UBERON:0008777 XAO:0003228 hypaxial muscle trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. uberon Wikipedia:Epaxial_and_Hypaxial_muscles trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. XAO:0003228 hypaxial muscle XAO epaxial musclulature AAO:0000142 UBERON:0008778 XAO:0003229 epaxial muscle trunk muscles that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum. uberon Wikipedia:Epaxial_and_Hypaxial_muscles trunk muscles that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum. XAO:0003229 epaxial muscle XAO subclavius FMA:13410 The Subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, the subclavius muscle makes up the anterior wall of the axilla. UBERON:0008779 musculus subclavius ncithesaurus:Subclavius subclavicular muscle uberon FMA Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle subclavicular muscle dbpedia Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle musculus subclavius The Subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, the subclavius muscle makes up the anterior wall of the axilla. Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle dbpedia subclavian groove of clavicle inner cell mass derived epiblast EHDAA2:0000444 EHDAA:42 EHDAA:75 EMAPA:16050 UBERON:0008780 embryonic epiblast ncithesaurus:Epiblast uberon Wikipedia MP:0003886 embryonic epiblast blastodisc derived epiblast TAO:0000018 UBERON:0008781 ZFA:0000018 part of blastodisc in BTO; indirect development in ZFA: df DEL df deep blastomere isa blastomere po blastodisc uberon ZFA Wikipedia dorsal venous arch FMA:44356 MA:0002110 SCTID:231189006 The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein. UBERON:0008783 arcus venosus dorsalis pedis arcus venosus dorsalis pedis dorsal venous arch of foot uberon The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein. Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot MA Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot arcus venosus dorsalis pedis Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot arcus venosus dorsalis pedis FMA:44356 dorsal venous arch of foot lower limb segment FMA:24877 UBERON:0008784 free lower limb segment free lower limb subdivision segment of free lower limb subdivision of free lower limb uberon FMA:24877 segment of free lower limb FMA:24877 free lower limb segment FMA:24877 free lower limb subdivision FMA:24877 subdivision of free lower limb upper limb segment FMA:24876 UBERON:0008785 free upper limb segment free upper limb subdivision segment of free upper limb subdivision of free upper limb uberon FMA:24876 free upper limb subdivision FMA:24876 segment of free upper limb FMA:24876 subdivision of free upper limb FMA:24876 free upper limb segment third trochanter FMA:75824 The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed. UBERON:0008786 trochanter tertius uberon The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed. Wikipedia:Third_trochanter Wikipedia FMA Wikipedia:Third_trochanter trochanter tertius fourth trochanter The fourth trochanter first appeared in the Erythrosuchidae, large basal archosaurian predators of the early Triassic period. This seemingly insignificant detail may have made the evolution of dinosaurs possible (all early dinosaurs and many later ones were bipeds), and may also be connected with the ability of the archosaurs or their immediate ancestors to survive the catastrophic Permian-Triassic extinction event[WP]. UBERON:0008787 a knob-like feature on the medial side of the femur that serves as a muscle attachment. uberon Wikipedia:Fourth_trochanter a knob-like feature on the medial side of the femur that serves as a muscle attachment. Wikipedia posterior cranial fossa FMA:54368 GAID:85 MESH:A.01.456.830.200 The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE. UBERON:0008788 fossa cranii posterior ncithesaurus:Posterior_Fossa posterior fossa uberon ncithesaurus:Posterior posterior fossa MESH:A.01.456.830.200 The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE. Wikipedia:Posterior_cranial_fossa Wikipedia:Posterior_cranial_fossa fossa cranii posterior cranial fossa UBERON:0008789 any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity editor note - todo - review the relationships for this and its subclasses; the relation should be bounded rather than part of, and contains should be used for the brain parts contained by the fossae uberon any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity http://mw1.merriam-webster.com/medical/cranial%20fossa rugal fold UBERON:0008790 a ridge or fold, such as the rugae of the stomach, which are large folds in the mucous membrane of that organ. ruga rugae uberon Wikipedia:Rugae a ridge or fold, such as the rugae of the stomach, which are large folds in the mucous membrane of that organ. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rugal+folds Wikipedia:Rugae rugae Wikipedia:Rugae ruga rugal fold of stomach FMA:15106 UBERON:0008791 gastric ruga(e) ruga of stomach uberon FMA:15106 gastric ruga(e) FMA:15106 ruga of stomach rugal fold of vagina FMA:19991 UBERON:0008798 ruga of vagina uberon vaginal ruga FMA:19991 vaginal ruga FMA:19991 ruga of vagina transverse palatine fold FMA:75652 UBERON:0008799 a masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances. note that this class refers to the singular and the FMA class refers to the set. In future this class may be split. palatine fold palatine rugae plica palatina transversa plicae palatinae transversae ruga of palate ruga palatina rugae of palate rugae palatinae transverse palatine folds transverse palatine folds set transverse palatine ridge uberon UBERON:cjm ruga of palate FMA:75652 palatine fold a masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances. http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html UBERON:cjm rugae of palate http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html ruga palatina FMA:75652 palatine rugae FMA:75652 FMA:TA plicae palatinae transversae http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html transverse palatine ridge FMA:75652 FMA:TA rugae palatinae http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html plica palatina transversa FMA:75652 transverse palatine folds FMA:75652 transverse palatine folds set parietal endoderm EMAPA:16053 UBERON:0008800 distal endoderm primitive endoderm-derived tissue that lines the luminal surface of the mural trophectoderm[MP] uberon EMAPA:16053 distal endoderm MP:0011187 PMID:19201946 primitive endoderm-derived tissue that lines the luminal surface of the mural trophectoderm[MP] MP parotid gland primordium EHDAA2:0001413 EHDAA:9246 UBERON:0008801 uberon Obol cheek pouch A pocketlike fold of skin in the cheeks of various animals, such as squirrels, gophers, and monkeys, that functions as a means of carrying food. BTO:0002224 SCTID:31293007 UBERON:0008802 uberon BTO A pocketlike fold of skin in the cheeks of various animals, such as squirrels, gophers, and monkeys, that functions as a means of carrying food. BTO:0002224 skin of cheek FMA:24759 SCTID:181472009 UBERON:0008803 cheek skin uberon FMA:24759 cheek skin stylopharyngeus FMA:46664 M. stylopharyngeus SCTID:244806000 The stylopharyngeus is a muscle in the head that stretches between the styloid process and the pharynx. UBERON:0008804 musculus stylopharyngeus ncithesaurus:Stylopharyngeus stylopharyngeus muscle uberon Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle stylopharyngeus muscle Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle musculus stylopharyngeus dbpedia dbpedia The stylopharyngeus is a muscle in the head that stretches between the styloid process and the pharynx. Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle M. stylopharyngeus Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle musculus stylopharyngeus dbpedia thyroid cartilage Wikipedia FMA gingival groove FMA:74580 SCTID:245753001 The gingival sulcus is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium. The depth of the sulcus (Latin for groove) is bounded by two entities: apically by the gingival fibers of the connective tissue attachment and coronally by the free gingival margin. UBERON:0008805 gingival sulcus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gingival_sulcus.PNG sulcus gingivalis sulcus gingivalis uberon Wikipedia:Gingival_sulcus sulcus gingivalis FMA:TA sulcus gingivalis FMA:74580 gingival sulcus The gingival sulcus is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium. The depth of the sulcus (Latin for groove) is bounded by two entities: apically by the gingival fibers of the connective tissue attachment and coronally by the free gingival margin. Wikipedia:Gingival_sulcus buccal funnel UBERON:0008806 suctorial disc suctorial disk uberon coagulating gland BTO:0000265 EMAPA:29794 MA:0000402 SCTID:78779004 UBERON:0008807 anterior prostate gland ncithesaurus:Coagulating_Gland prostate gland anterior lobe uberon MA:0000402 prostate gland anterior lobe EMAPA:29794 anterior prostate gland EMAPA MA prostate gland dorsolateral lobe MA:0001739 UBERON:0008808 uberon MA foramina of scarpa In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. UBERON:0008809 Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa foramina of scarpa uberon Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa foramina of scarpa In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa nasopalatine nerve FMA:52797 One branch of the posterior superior nasal branches (trigeminal, maxillary branch), longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve (sometimes called the long sphenopalatine nerve). It enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen, passes across the roof of the nasal cavity below the orifice of the sphenoidal sinus to reach the septum, and then runs obliquely downward and forward between the periosteum and mucous membrane of the lower part of the septum. It descends to the roof of the mouth through the incisive canal and communicates with the corresponding nerve of the opposite side and with the greater palatine nerve. It supplies the palatal structures around the upper central and lateral incisors and the canines (the upper front six teeth). It also furnishes a few filaments to the mucous membrane of the nasal septum. The medial superior posterior nasal branches of maxillary nerve usually branches from the nasopalatine nerve. Scarpa's nerve UBERON:0008810 naso-palatine nerve nasopalatine nasopalatine nerves nervus nasopalatinus uberon FMA:52797 Scarpa's nerve Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve nasopalatine nerves Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve naso-palatine nerve Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve nervus nasopalatinus Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve nasopalatine FMA One branch of the posterior superior nasal branches (trigeminal, maxillary branch), longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve (sometimes called the long sphenopalatine nerve). It enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen, passes across the roof of the nasal cavity below the orifice of the sphenoidal sinus to reach the septum, and then runs obliquely downward and forward between the periosteum and mucous membrane of the lower part of the septum. It descends to the roof of the mouth through the incisive canal and communicates with the corresponding nerve of the opposite side and with the greater palatine nerve. It supplies the palatal structures around the upper central and lateral incisors and the canines (the upper front six teeth). It also furnishes a few filaments to the mucous membrane of the nasal septum. The medial superior posterior nasal branches of maxillary nerve usually branches from the nasopalatine nerve. Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve intromittent organ AAO:0010255 FBbt:00004850 HAO:0000091 TGMA:0000585 UBERON:0008811 aedeagus an external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation. Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most aquatic species fertilize their eggs externally, although there are exceptions[WP]. this is a broad grouping class connecting a number of different analagous organs by their function. We place the insect aedeagus here rather than penis, although this is somewhat arbitrary given the broadness of the current definition uberon FBbt:00004850 aedeagus Wikipedia:Intromittent_organ an external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation. Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most aquatic species fertilize their eggs externally, although there are exceptions[WP]. hemipenis UBERON:0008812 hemipenes one of a pair of intromittent organs of male squamates. Hemipenes are usually held inverted, within the body, and are everted for reproduction via erectile tissue like that in the human penis. Only one is used at a time, and some evidence indicates males alternate use between copulations. The hemipenis itself has a variety of shapes, depending on species. Often the hemipenis bears spines or hooks, in order to anchor the male within the female. Some species even have forked hemipenes (each hemipenis has two tips). Due to being everted and inverted, hemipenes do not have a completely enclosed channel for the conduction of sperm, but rather a seminal groove which seals as the erectile tissue expands uberon Wikipedia:Hemipenis one of a pair of intromittent organs of male squamates. Hemipenes are usually held inverted, within the body, and are everted for reproduction via erectile tissue like that in the human penis. Only one is used at a time, and some evidence indicates males alternate use between copulations. The hemipenis itself has a variety of shapes, depending on species. Often the hemipenis bears spines or hooks, in order to anchor the male within the female. Some species even have forked hemipenes (each hemipenis has two tips). Due to being everted and inverted, hemipenes do not have a completely enclosed channel for the conduction of sperm, but rather a seminal groove which seals as the erectile tissue expands Wikipedia Wikipedia:Hemipenis hemipenes helicotrema FMA:61275 SCTID:279775003 Scarpa's orifice The part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet. It is the main component of the cochlear apex. The hair cells in this area best detect low frequency sounds. UBERON:0008813 apex of cochlea cochlear apex ncithesaurus:Helicotrema uberon Wikipedia:Cochlea apex of cochlea FMA The part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet. It is the main component of the cochlear apex. The hair cells in this area best detect low frequency sounds. Wikipedia:Helicotrema Wikipedia Wikipedia:Cochlea cochlear apex FMA:61275 Scarpa's orifice pharyngeal system A transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. EHDAA2:0000187 UBERON:0008814 ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Apparatus pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal arches and clefts uberon EHDAA2:0000187 pharyngeal arch region A transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. GO:0060037 GOC:dph pharyngeal slit Editor/Taxon notes: requires review. Kardong uses the term pharyngeal slit for Chondrichthyans UBERON:0008815 filter-feeding organs found in non-vertebrate chordates (lancelets and tunicates) and hemichordates living in aquatic environments. These repeated segments are controlled by similar developmental mechanisms. uberon Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_slit filter-feeding organs found in non-vertebrate chordates (lancelets and tunicates) and hemichordates living in aquatic environments. These repeated segments are controlled by similar developmental mechanisms. embryonic head FBbt:00000155 UBERON:0008816 uberon thymus primordium endoderm UBERON:0008817 uberon PMID:16313389 superior mediastinum FMA:9827 SCTID:362687003 The superior mediastinum is that portion of the interpleural space which lies between the manubrium sterni in front, and the upper thoracic vertebrae behind. UBERON:0008818 mediastinum superius ncithesaurus:Superior_Mediastinum superior mediastinal part of chest uberon FMA:9827 superior mediastinal part of chest FMA The superior mediastinum is that portion of the interpleural space which lies between the manubrium sterni in front, and the upper thoracic vertebrae behind. Wikipedia:Superior_mediastinum Wikipedia:Superior_mediastinum mediastinum superius inferior mediastinum Anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum. FMA:9828 SCTID:243950006 UBERON:0008819 inferior mediastinal part of chest uberon Anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum. Wikipedia:Inferior_mediastinum FMA FMA:9828 inferior mediastinal part of chest FMA-propagated anterior mediastinum FMA:9838 SCTID:261048003 The anterior mediastinum exists only on the left side where the left pleura diverges from the mid-sternal line. It is narrow, above, but widens out a little below. UBERON:0008820 anterior mediastinal part of chest mediastinum anterius ncithesaurus:Anterior_Mediastinum uberon The anterior mediastinum exists only on the left side where the left pleura diverges from the mid-sternal line. It is narrow, above, but widens out a little below. Wikipedia:Anterior_mediastinum FMA FMA:9838 anterior mediastinal part of chest Wikipedia:Anterior_mediastinum mediastinum anterius middle mediastinum FMA:9839 SCTID:362688008 The middle mediastinum is the broadest part of the interpleural space. It is made up of the pericardial sac and its contents. UBERON:0008821 mediastinum medium middle mediastinal part of chest ncithesaurus:Middle_Mediastinum uberon FMA FMA:9839 middle mediastinal part of chest The middle mediastinum is the broadest part of the interpleural space. It is made up of the pericardial sac and its contents. Wikipedia:Middle_mediastinum Wikipedia:Middle_mediastinum mediastinum medium posterior mediastinum FMA:9840 SCTID:243957009 The posterior mediastinum is an irregular triangular space running parallel with the vertebral column. UBERON:0008822 mediastinum posterius ncithesaurus:Posterior_Mediastinum posterior mediastinal part of chest uberon The posterior mediastinum is an irregular triangular space running parallel with the vertebral column. Wikipedia:Posterior_mediastinum Wikipedia:Posterior_mediastinum mediastinum posterius FMA:9840 posterior mediastinal part of chest FMA neural tube derived brain UBERON:0008823 note that a reasoner should automatically classify all the vertebrate ontology brain classes here uberon vertebrate brain FMA ZFA duct of epididymis FMA:18297 MA:0001735 SCTID:279623004 UBERON:0008824 epididymal duct epididymis duct ncithesaurus:Duct_of_the_Epididymis uberon MA:0001735 epididymal duct FMA FMA:18297 epididymis duct pulmonary surfactant FMA:62780 MA:0002534 Secretion produced by Type 2 pulmonary alveolar cell. UBERON:0008826 alveolar surfactant lung surfactant ncithesaurus:Lung_Surfactant uberon FMA:62780 Secretion produced by Type 2 pulmonary alveolar cell. MA FMA:62780 alveolar surfactant MA:0002534 lung surfactant forestomach MA:0001606 UBERON:0008827 ncithesaurus:Forestomach uberon MA presphenoid bone MA:0001470 SCTID:95949009 The anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult. UBERON:0008828 presphenoidal bone todo - account for developmental change uberon SCTID:95949009 presphenoidal bone The anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult. Wikipedia:Ossification_of_sphenoid#Presphenoid http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Presphenoid+bone MA MA cerebellum external granule cell layer MA:0000994 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_797 UBERON:0008829 transient layer of the cerebellar cortex present during development which is composed of dividing and migrating granule cells[MP]. The granule neurons migrate from the exterior layer to form an inner layer known as the internal granule layer. The external granular layer ceases to exist in the mature cerebellum, leaving only granule cells in the internal granule layer uberon MA MP:0000874 Wikipedia:Anatomy_of_the_cerebellum#Development transient layer of the cerebellar cortex present during development which is composed of dividing and migrating granule cells[MP]. The granule neurons migrate from the exterior layer to form an inner layer known as the internal granule layer. The external granular layer ceases to exist in the mature cerebellum, leaving only granule cells in the internal granule layer cerebellum internal granule cell layer MA:0000995 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_790 UBERON:0008830 ncithesaurus:Internal_Granular_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum uberon MA inner spiral sulcus FMA:77850 MA:0001197 UBERON:0008831 a concavity in the floor of the cochlear duct formed by the overhanging vestibular lip. internal spiral sulcus part_of spiral sulcus in MA sulcus spiralis internus uberon http://www.drugs.com/dict/inner-spiral-sulcus.html sulcus spiralis internus FMA MA:0001197 internal spiral sulcus a concavity in the floor of the cochlear duct formed by the overhanging vestibular lip. http://www.drugs.com/dict/inner-spiral-sulcus.html outer spiral sulcus FMA:77851 MA:0001196 UBERON:0008832 a concavity in the outer wall of the cochlear duct between the spiral prominence and the spiral organ. external spiral sulcus part_of spiral sulcus in MA sulcus spiralis externus uberon FMA MA:0001196 external spiral sulcus a concavity in the outer wall of the cochlear duct between the spiral prominence and the spiral organ. http://www.drugs.com/dict/outer-spiral-sulcus.html http://www.drugs.com/dict/outer-spiral-sulcus.html sulcus spiralis externus great auricular nerve FMA:6872 MA:0001232 SCTID:181110003 The great auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3. It provides sensory innervation for the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear. UBERON:0008833 Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve auricular nerve great auricular greater auricular nerve nervus auricularis magnus todo - check MA grouping; in MA this is part_of pinna - should this be a different relationship? uberon FMA Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve greater auricular nerve Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve great auricular MA:0001232 auricular nerve The great auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3. It provides sensory innervation for the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear. Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve FMA Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve nervus auricularis magnus prostomium BTO:0004198 The first body segment in annelids worms. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. It sometimes bears antennae and eyes. By feeding, it often functions like a kind of overlip. The shape and composition of prostomium are important for annelid systematics. UBERON:0008834 acron uberon BTO:0004198 acron The first body segment in annelids worms. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. It sometimes bears antennae and eyes. By feeding, it often functions like a kind of overlip. The shape and composition of prostomium are important for annelid systematics. Wikipedia:Prostomium hepatic diverticulum AAO:0011057 EHDAA2:0000740 EHDAA:1530 The first morphological sign of the embryonic liver is the formation of the hepatic diverticulum, an out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct. UBERON:0008835 XAO:0000101 diverticulum hepaticum liver diverticulum ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Diverticulum uberon Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum diverticulum hepaticum XAO:0000101 liver diverticulum EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The first morphological sign of the embryonic liver is the formation of the hepatic diverticulum, an out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct. Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum http://www.stembook.org/node/512 liver bud BTO:0001642 UBERON:0008836 uberon http://www.stembook.org/node/512 palmar/plantar part of autopod UBERON:0008837 uberon autopod pad UBERON:0008838 digital pad digital pads uberon EMAPA:18489 digital pad EMAPA:18489 digital pads palmar pad EMAPA:18489 UBERON:0008839 note that the EMAPA term refers to the plural palmar pads uberon EMAPA:18489 palmar pads EMAPA cjm plantar pad EMAPA:18507 UBERON:0008840 plantar pads uberon EMAPA EMAPA:18507 plantar pads cjm suspensory ligament A ligament that supports a body part, especially an organ. UBERON:0008841 uberon A ligament that supports a body part, especially an organ. Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments_of_penis suspensory ligament of testis The cranial atrophic portion of the urogenital ridge attached to the cranial pole of the intraabdominal embryonic testis UBERON:0008842 uberon Obol Obol The cranial atrophic portion of the urogenital ridge attached to the cranial pole of the intraabdominal embryonic testis Wikipedia:Scrotal_ligament http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=49790 gubernaculum testis BTO:0002813 EMAPA:19089 FMA:20421 Hunter's gubernaculum SCTID:299983007 The fetal ligament attached to the inferior end of the epididymis and testis and, at its other end, to the bottom of the scrotum; it is present during, and is thought to guide, the descent of the testis into the scrotum and then atrophies. The upper part of the gubernaculum degenerates; The lower part persists as the gubernaculum testis ("scrotal ligament"). This ligament secures the testis to the most inferior portion of the scrotum, tethering it in place and limiting the degree to which the testis can move within the scrotum[WP] UBERON:0008843 uberon BTO:0002813 Hunter's gubernaculum BTO:0002813 The fetal ligament attached to the inferior end of the epididymis and testis and, at its other end, to the bottom of the scrotum; it is present during, and is thought to guide, the descent of the testis into the scrotum and then atrophies. gubernaculum (female) The upper part of the gubernaculum, together with the ovarian artery and vein form the suspensory ligament of the ovary,[1] which suspends the ovary from the pelvic wall.; The lower gubernaculum has two vestigial remnants in females, the ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus (ligamentum teres uteri) which respectively serve to support the ovaries and uterus in the pelvis UBERON:0008844 uberon nonskeletal ligament FMA:25625 Ligament organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi which may be admixed with smooth muscle. Examples: ligament of liver, ovarian ligament. MA:0003004 SCTID:410746001 UBERON:0008845 uberon FMA:25625 Ligament organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi which may be admixed with smooth muscle. Examples: ligament of liver, ovarian ligament. FMA skeletal ligament AAO:0010444 AEO:0000090 EHDAA2:0003232 EV:0100144 FMA:25624 GAID:118 Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament. MA:0003005 MESH:A.02.513 SCTID:410744003 TAO:0001682 UBERON:0008846 VSAO:0000072 ZFA:0001675 articular larua articular ligament fibrous ligament http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg/200px-Knee_diagram.svg.png ligament true ligament uberon FMA FMA:25624 Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament. Wikipedia:Ligament articular ligament Wikipedia:Ligament true ligament Wikipedia:Ligament articular larua Wikipedia:Ligament fibrous ligament VSAO:0000072 ZFA:0001675 ligament ovarian ligament FMA:55422 SCTID:279915004 The ligament runs in the broad ligament of the uterus, which is a fold of peritoneum rather than a fibrous ligament. Specifically, it is located in the parametrium UBERON:0008847 a fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. ligament of ovary ligamentum ovarii proprium proper ovarian ligament uberon FMA:55422 proper ovarian ligament FMA:TA ligamentum ovarii proprium Wikipedia:Ovarian_ligament a fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. FMA FMA:55422 ligament of ovary Wikipedia cranial suspensory ligament Connects the cranial tip of the future gonad to the dorsocranial abdominal cavity. EMAPA:30068 UBERON:0008848 todo - check - add cranial ovarian susp ligaments uberon EMAPA Obol ectoplacental cavity EMAPA:16080 UBERON:0008851 closed space within the ectoplacental cone, formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold that separate it from the amniotic cavity[MP]. a developmental cavity that exists in some mammals and is derived by division of the proamniotic space; it is further removed from the embryo than the amniotic cavity in some mammals epamniotic cavity uberon MP:0011207 closed space within the ectoplacental cone, formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold that separate it from the amniotic cavity[MP]. a developmental cavity that exists in some mammals and is derived by division of the proamniotic space; it is further removed from the embryo than the amniotic cavity in some mammals http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity EMAPA epamniotic cavity http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity visceral yolk sac TODO - check UBERON:0008852 extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells secondary yolk sac uberon umbilical vesicle vitelline sac yolk sac MP:0001718 vitelline sac MP:0001718 umbilical vesicle MP:0001718 secondary yolk sac MP:0001718 yolk sac MP:0001718 extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells parietal yolk sac EHDAA2:0003237 UBERON:0008853 primary yolk sac tissue that consists of two cellular layers (parietal endoderm and trophoblast) separated by a relatively thick nonvascular basement membrane (Reichert's membrane), and acts as a protective layer to supports and facilitates transport of nutrients between the uterine tissue and the yolk sac cavity. uberon MP:0011203 primary yolk sac MP:0011203 PMID:1150659 PMID:21123814 tissue that consists of two cellular layers (parietal endoderm and trophoblast) separated by a relatively thick nonvascular basement membrane (Reichert's membrane), and acts as a protective layer to supports and facilitates transport of nutrients between the uterine tissue and the yolk sac cavity. root of molar tooth FMA:85302 UBERON:0008854 molar root molar tooth root the part of a molar tooth that is implanted in the gum; mandibular and maxillary molars usually have two and three roots, respectively. uberon MP:0011165 the part of a molar tooth that is implanted in the gum; mandibular and maxillary molars usually have two and three roots, respectively. FMA FMA:85302 molar root FMA:85302 molar tooth root placenta metrial gland MA:0001723 UBERON:0008855 group of granular epithelial cells in the uterine muscle beneath the placenta that develops during pregnancy in rodents and some other species. uberon MP:0010777 group of granular epithelial cells in the uterine muscle beneath the placenta that develops during pregnancy in rodents and some other species. MP stomach muscularis externa FMA:14909 SCTID:362132003 UBERON:0008856 gastric muscularis muscularis externa of stomach the smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines todo - logical def tunica muscularis (gaster) uberon MP:0010779 the smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines FMA:14909 muscularis externa of stomach FMA:14909 gastric muscularis FMA FMA:14909 tunica muscularis (gaster) stomach smooth muscle circular layer FMA:14911 MA:0001628 SCTID:2746007 UBERON:0008857 circular layer of gastric muscularis stratum circulare (tunica muscularis)(gaster) the middle layer of the muscularis; it is continuous with the circular layer of the esophagus, but is absent in the fundus and lies concentric to the longitudinal axis of the stomach; the circular layer is normally tonically constricted forming a functional pyloric sphincter, which controls the movement of chyme into the duodenum todo - check uberon FMA:14911 stratum circulare (tunica muscularis)(gaster) FMA:14911 circular layer of gastric muscularis MP:0010780 the middle layer of the muscularis; it is continuous with the circular layer of the esophagus, but is absent in the fundus and lies concentric to the longitudinal axis of the stomach; the circular layer is normally tonically constricted forming a functional pyloric sphincter, which controls the movement of chyme into the duodenum pyloric canal FMA:14580 SCTID:245417002 UBERON:0008858 canalis pyloricus canalis pyloricus the short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter uberon Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal canalis pyloricus Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal canalis pyloricus MP:0010791 Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal the short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter Wikipedia FMA cardiac gastric gland Consistency note: Kardong places this in the glandular epithelium, FMA in the mucosa FMA:14920 SCTID:8894005 UBERON:0008859 gardiac gland gastric gland of cardia glandula cardiaca (gaster) the gastric glands in the cardiac region of the stomach; cardiac glands are fewer in number than in the fundus and body, and secrete mucin which coats the stomach and protects it uberon MP:0010795 the gastric glands in the cardiac region of the stomach; cardiac glands are fewer in number than in the fundus and body, and secrete mucin which coats the stomach and protects it FMA:14920 glandula cardiaca (gaster) FMA ISBN10:0073040584 gardiac gland FMA:14920 gastric gland of cardia intermediate gastric gland UBERON:0008860 any of the branched tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach that secrete most of the digestive substances secreted by the stomach check me uberon MP:0010796 any of the branched tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach that secrete most of the digestive substances secreted by the stomach MP pyloric gastric gland Editors note: check relationship to pylorus vs antrum FMA:14922 SCTID:70710007 UBERON:0008861 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray1054.png ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Gland pyloric antrum gland pyloric gland the gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. uberon MP:0010797 Wikipedia:Pyloric_gland the gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum gland FMA:14922 pyloric gland stomach smooth muscle inner oblique layer UBERON:0008862 the innermost layer of the muscularis; it is not present in all sections of the stomach but is clearly seen in the fundus and near the lesser curvature of the corpus; the oblique fibers disappear distally (towards the pyloric antrum); the oblique layer is responsible for creating the motion that churns and physically breaks down the food uberon MP:0010804 the innermost layer of the muscularis; it is not present in all sections of the stomach but is clearly seen in the fundus and near the lesser curvature of the corpus; the oblique fibers disappear distally (towards the pyloric antrum); the oblique layer is responsible for creating the motion that churns and physically breaks down the food stomach smooth muscle outer longitudinal layer UBERON:0008863 the most superficial layer of the muscularis; it has two sections, a longitudinal layer that is common with the esophagus and ends in the corpus, and a longitudinal layer that originates in the corpus and spreads into the duodenum uberon MP:0010805 the most superficial layer of the muscularis; it has two sections, a longitudinal layer that is common with the esophagus and ends in the corpus, and a longitudinal layer that originates in the corpus and spreads into the duodenum enamel knot UBERON:0008866 a transient cluster of cells in the central part of the dental epithelium facing the dental mesenchyme, which acts as an organizing center, providing positional information for tooth morphogenesis and regulating the growth of tooth cusps uberon MP MP:0010864 a transient cluster of cells in the central part of the dental epithelium facing the dental mesenchyme, which acts as an organizing center, providing positional information for tooth morphogenesis and regulating the growth of tooth cusps trabecular network of bone Editor note: consider revision - we have 3 classes, the tissue itself, the network, and the spaces. MP:0010867 UBERON:0008867 bone trabecula bone trabeculae ncithesaurus:Bone_Trabeculae the network of intersecting plates and spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow; in mature bone, the trabeculae are aligned in parallel with the lines of major compressive or tensile force uberon MP:0010867 bone trabecula MP:0010867 the network of intersecting plates and spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow; in mature bone, the trabeculae are aligned in parallel with the lines of major compressive or tensile force MP:0010867 bone trabeculae MP pulmonary alveolar parenchyma UBERON:0008870 the distinguishing cell types of the lung alveolar tissue, including pulmonary epithelial cells (pneumocytes), alveolar capillary endothelial cells, interstitial cells (fibroblasts) and alveolar macrophages uberon MP:0010901 the distinguishing cell types of the lung alveolar tissue, including pulmonary epithelial cells (pneumocytes), alveolar capillary endothelial cells, interstitial cells (fibroblasts) and alveolar macrophages pulmonary alveolus wall . UBERON:0008872 uberon . MP:0010903 alveolar pore UBERON:0008873 the openings in the alveolar septum that permit air flow between adjacent alveoli uberon MP:0010904 the openings in the alveolar septum that permit air flow between adjacent alveoli pulmonary acinus FMA:7313 SCTID:361365004 UBERON:0008874 ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Acinus primary pulmonary lobule the part of the airway consisting of a respiratory bronchiole and all of its branches uberon FMA:7313 primary pulmonary lobule FMA MP:0010911 Wikipedia:Acinus#The_Lungs the part of the airway consisting of a respiratory bronchiole and all of its branches hypodermis fat layer UBERON:0008875 the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage uberon MP MP:0011156 the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage hypodermis muscle layer UBERON:0008876 the skeletal muscle layer in the superficial fascia uberon MP:0011157 the skeletal muscle layer in the superficial fascia MP epidermal-dermal junction FMA:70963 UBERON:0008877 dermal-epidermal junction the multi-layer basement membrane between the dermis and epidermis that serves to adhere the dermis and epidermis, provide mechanical support for the epidermis, and forms a barrier to cells and large molecules across the junction uberon MP:0011159 the multi-layer basement membrane between the dermis and epidermis that serves to adhere the dermis and epidermis, provide mechanical support for the epidermis, and forms a barrier to cells and large molecules across the junction FMA:70963 dermal-epidermal junction MP palmar part of hand FMA:24920 UBERON:0008878 front of hand ncithesaurus:Palmar_Region palm palm of hand palmar region regio palmaris uberon FMA:24920 palmar region FMA:24920 palm of hand FMA:TA regio palmaris FMA:24920 palm FMA FMA:24920 front of hand ligament of pinna FMA:61035 MA:0001228 SCTID:362548009 UBERON:0008879 auricular ligament ligament of auricle pinna ligament subclasses (anterior, superior, posterior) can be added on request uberon FMA:61035 pinna ligament FMA FMA:61035 ligament of auricle MA:0001228 auricular ligament MA annelid pygidium Rearmost segment of annelid worms. UBERON:0008880 uberon Rearmost segment of annelid worms. Wikipedia:Annelid#Segmentation rostral migratory stream BTO:0003412 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1702 RMS UBERON:0008881 Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb[NIF]. In rodents, the anterior region of the SVZ produces neuroblasts that migrate in chain toward the olfactory bulb along the so-called rostral migratory stream (RMS)[BTO]. the transient structure formed by neurons migrating from the subventricular zone into the olfactory bulbs[MP] he rostral migratory stream (RMS) or rostral migratory pathway is a pathway, found in the brain of some animals, along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. Neurogenesis has been shown to occur in the SVZ into adulthood[WP] rostral migratory pathway uberon BTO MP:0004279 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1702 PMID:12453055 Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb[NIF]. In rodents, the anterior region of the SVZ produces neuroblasts that migrate in chain toward the olfactory bulb along the so-called rostral migratory stream (RMS)[BTO]. the transient structure formed by neurons migrating from the subventricular zone into the olfactory bulbs[MP] he rostral migratory stream (RMS) or rostral migratory pathway is a pathway, found in the brain of some animals, along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. Neurogenesis has been shown to occur in the SVZ into adulthood[WP] [Wikipedia:Rostral_migratory_stream MP-modified Wikipedia:Rostral_migratory_stream rostral migratory pathway BTO BTO:0003412 RMS spinal cord commissure The nerve fiber tracts that span the midline of the spinal cord UBERON:0008882 uberon MP:0009694 The nerve fiber tracts that span the midline of the spinal cord osteoid AO notes: request from GO? Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue[VSAO]. Unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue. Osteoblasts begin the process of forming bone tissue by secreting the osteoid as several specific proteins. When the osteoid becomes mineralized, it and the adjacent bone cells have developed into new bone tissue[WP] FMA:66830 SCTID:39365008 UBERON:0008883 VSAO:0000046 XAO:0004035 ncithesaurus:Osteoid pre-bone prebone prebone tissue uberon VSAO:curator prebone PSPUB:0000170 pre-bone FMA:66830 prebone tissue Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue[VSAO]. Unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue. Osteoblasts begin the process of forming bone tissue by secreting the osteoid as several specific proteins. When the osteoid becomes mineralized, it and the adjacent bone cells have developed into new bone tissue[WP] VSAO:0000046 Wikipedia:Osteoid left putamen FMA:72829 UBERON:0008884 uberon right putamen FMA:72828 UBERON:0008885 uberon pulmonary vascular system FMA:45621 Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs. UBERON:0008886 pulmonary circulatory system uberon Obol FMA:45621 Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation FMA:45621 pulmonary circulatory system FMA rectal venous plexus FMA:18933 The hemorrhoidal plexus (or rectal venous plexus) surrounds the rectum, and communicates in front with the vesical venous plexus in the male, and the uterovaginal plexus in the female. A free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems is established through the hemorrhoidal plexus. UBERON:0008887 haemorrhoidal plexus hemorrhoidal plexus ncithesaurus:Hemorrhoidal_Plexus plexus venosus rectalis, plexus haemorrhoidalis uberon The hemorrhoidal plexus (or rectal venous plexus) surrounds the rectum, and communicates in front with the vesical venous plexus in the male, and the uterovaginal plexus in the female. A free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems is established through the hemorrhoidal plexus. Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus plexus venosus rectalis, plexus haemorrhoidalis Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus haemorrhoidal plexus FMA Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus hemorrhoidal plexus vesical venous plexus FMA:18934 SCTID:31510008 The vesical plexus envelops the lower part of the bladder and the base of the prostate and communicates with the pudendal and prostatic plexuses. It is drained, by means of several vesical veins, into the hypogastric veins. UBERON:0008888 plexus venosus vesicalis uberon Wikipedia:Vesical_venous_plexus plexus venosus vesicalis The vesical plexus envelops the lower part of the bladder and the base of the prostate and communicates with the pudendal and prostatic plexuses. It is drained, by means of several vesical veins, into the hypogastric veins. Wikipedia:Vesical_venous_plexus FMA uterine venous plexus FMA:29712 SCTID:294553007 The uterine plexuses lie along the sides and superior angles of the uterus between the two layers of the broad ligament, and communicate with the ovarian and vaginal plexuses. They are drained by a pair of uterine veins on either side: these arise from the lower part of the plexuses, opposite the external orifice of the uterus, and open into the corresponding hypogastric vein. UBERON:0008889 plexus venosus uterinus uberon uterine plexus Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus plexus venosus uterinus Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus uterine plexus FMA The uterine plexuses lie along the sides and superior angles of the uterus between the two layers of the broad ligament, and communicate with the ovarian and vaginal plexuses. They are drained by a pair of uterine veins on either side: these arise from the lower part of the plexuses, opposite the external orifice of the uterus, and open into the corresponding hypogastric vein. Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus external gill AAO:0010174 BTO:0004689 External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. UBERON:0008891 XAO:0000120 uberon BTO:0004689 External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. BTO internal gill AAO:0010176 UBERON:0008892 uberon AAO gill precursor A primordium or bud that develops into a gill. TAO:0001107 UBERON:0008894 XAO:0000448 ZFA:0001107 gill primordium internal gill bud uberon ZFA:0001107 internal gill bud XAO XAO ZFA XAO XAO:0000448 gill primordium pharyngeal arch skeleton UBERON:0008895 branchial arch skeleton gill arch skeleton merge with viscerocranium? uberon pharyngeal arch 3-7 AAO:0010362 SCTID:308766004 TAO:0001597 UBERON:0008896 XAO:0000099 ZFA:0001613 branchial arch branchial arches branchial bar branchial bars gill arch gill arches 1-5 uberon visceral arches 3-7 ZFA:0001613 gill arch ZFA:0001613 branchial arches ZFA:0001613 visceral arches 3-7 ZFA ZFA:0001613 branchial bars ZFA ZFA:0001613 branchial arch ZFA:0001613 branchial bar ZFA:0001613 gill arches 1-5 fin AAO:0010374 An external membranous process of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body. BTO:0004649 EFO:0000875 MAT:0000087 MESH:A13.077 MIAA:0000087 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjcBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:73003005 TAO:0000108 UBERON:0008897 VSAO:0000099 XAO:0000002 ZFA:0000108 uberon An external membranous process of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body. BTO:0004649 Wikipedia:Fin lateral recess of third vetricle Lateral protrusion of the third ventricle. TAO:0000231 UBERON:0008902 ZFA:0000231 lateral recess lateral recess of diencephalic ventricle uberon ZFA ZFA:0000231 lateral recess ZFA ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091221-27 lateral recess of diencephalic ventricle Lateral protrusion of the third ventricle. ZFIN:curator neuromast AAO:0001004 TAO:0000243 UBERON:0008904 Volcano-shaped lateral line sensory organ located in characteristic positions within the skin epithelium and containing hair cells and their support elements. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFA:0000243 lateral line neuromast lateral line organ neuromasts uberon ZFA:0000243 neuromasts Volcano-shaped lateral line sensory organ located in characteristic positions within the skin epithelium and containing hair cells and their support elements. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.) ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 ZFA:0000243 lateral line neuromast ZFA ZFA:0000243 lateral line organ lateral line nerve AAO:0010077 Cranial nerves that carry afferent and efferent fibers for the lateral line system. TAO:0001479 UBERON:0008906 ZFA:0001479 lateral line nerves uberon AAO ZFA ZFA:0001479 lateral line nerves NBK53175 Cranial nerves that carry afferent and efferent fibers for the lateral line system. ZFIN:curator dermal bone AAO:0010769 Note that other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm. TAO:0001590 UBERON:0008907 VSAO:0000130 XAO:0004015 ZFA:0001590 uberon VSAO Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm. VSAO:0000130 VSAO:curator VSAO perichordal bone tissue AAO:0010777 Editor notes: Requires attenting - highly inconsistent in ZFA, TAO and VSAO Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord. TAO:0001639 UBERON:0008909 ZFA:0001629 perichordal bone perichordal bones uberon ZFA:0001629 perichordal bone ZFA ZFA:0001629 perichordal bones Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord. ZFIN:curator chondral bone tissue AAO:0010774 Replacement bone that forms within or surrounding a cartilaginous skeletal element. UBERON:0008911 ZFA:0001693 chondral bone renamed to perichordal bone tissue uberon ZFA:0001693 chondral bone ZFA Replacement bone that forms within or surrounding a cartilaginous skeletal element. zfin:curator perichondral bone tissue AAO:0010779 Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding cartilage. TAO:0001638 UBERON:0008913 ZFA:0001630 perichondral bone perichondral bones uberon ZFA:0001630 perichondral bone ZFA ZFA:0001630 perichondral bones ZFA Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding cartilage. ZFIN:curator pore AAO:0010441 An anatomical space that is an opening, usually at the end of a canal or duct, on the surface of the integument or the lining of an internal anatomical space. TAO:0001791 UBERON:0008915 ZFA:0005449 ncithesaurus:Pore uberon An anatomical space that is an opening, usually at the end of a canal or duct, on the surface of the integument or the lining of an internal anatomical space. TAO:curator ZFA ampullary organ AAO:0001006 Organ that consists of receptor cells located within an epidermal invagination and functions as an electroreceptor. TAO:0002104 UBERON:0008917 ampullary electroreceptor organ uberon TAO:0002104 ampullary electroreceptor organ Organ that consists of receptor cells located within an epidermal invagination and functions as an electroreceptor. TAO:wd TAO ampulla of Lorenzini The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores... Each ampulla consists of a jelly-filled canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP]. UBERON:0008918 ampullae of Lorenzini http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Electroreceptors_in_a_sharks_head.svg uberon The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores... Each ampulla consists of a jelly-filled canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP]. Wikipedia:Ampullae_of_Lorenzini Wikipedia:Ampullae_of_Lorenzini ampullae of Lorenzini mesenchyme from somatopleure UBERON:0008919 UBERON:0010377 true uberon mesenchyme from splanchnopleure UBERON:0008920 UBERON:0010378 true uberon substratum of layer of retina . UBERON:0008921 uberon . UBERON:CL_meeting_20110725 http://retina.anatomy.upenn.edu/~lance/eye/retina_gross.html sublaminar layer S1 A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the inner nuclear layer and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. CP:0000113 UBERON:0008922 uberon A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the inner nuclear layer and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. GOC:tfm sublaminar layer S2 A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S1 and S3 layers and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. CP:0000114 UBERON:0008923 uberon A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S1 and S3 layers and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. GOC:tfm sublaminar layer S3 A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S2 and S4 layers and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. CP:0000115 UBERON:0008924 uberon A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S2 and S4 layers and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. GOC:tfm sublaminar layer S4 A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S3 and S5 layer and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. CP:0000116 UBERON:0008925 uberon A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S3 and S5 layer and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina. GOC:tfm sublaminar layer S5 A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the retinal ganglion cell layer and comprises 20 percent of the ganglion plexiform layer of retina. CP:0000117 UBERON:0008926 uberon A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the retinal ganglion cell layer and comprises 20 percent of the ganglion plexiform layer of retina. GOC:tfm sublaminar layers S1 or S2 CP:0000118 One of sublaminar layers S1 or S2. UBERON:0008927 uberon GOC:tfm One of sublaminar layers S1 or S2. sublaminar layers S2 or S3 CP:0000119 One of sublaminar layers S2 or S3. UBERON:0008928 uberon GOC:tfm One of sublaminar layers S2 or S3. sublaminar layers S4 or S5 CP:0000120 One of sublaminar layers S4 or S5. UBERON:0008929 uberon GOC:tfm One of sublaminar layers S4 or S5. somatosensory cortex Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the central sulcus. BTO:0004353 GAID:681 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.670.675 SCTID:279252006 TODO - add layers UBERON:0008930 somesthetic area uberon Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the central sulcus. MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.213.670.675 BTO BTO:0004353 somesthetic area primary somatosensory cortex ABA disjointness - Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 MA:0000908 UBERON:0008933 uberon ABA disjointness - Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 MA MA secondary somatosensory cortex MA:0000918 TODO - check brodmann UBERON:0008934 uberon MA albumen gland BTO:0000054 The posterior oviduct opens into the large white albumen gland which adds a layer of albumen to the zygote before it reaches the egg capsule gland. UBERON:0008935 uberon BTO BTO:0000054 The posterior oviduct opens into the large white albumen gland which adds a layer of albumen to the zygote before it reaches the egg capsule gland. gastropod genital pore A small opening on the side of the head in some gastropods through which the penis is protruded. BTO:0004684 UBERON:0008936 genital orifice genital pore uberon BTO BTO:0004684 genital orifice A small opening on the side of the head in some gastropods through which the penis is protruded. BTO:0004684 BTO:0004684 genital pore visceral hump BTO:0001448 Mollusks have three distinct divisions of their body. The head contains the sensory equipment (eyes, antennae, etc) and the primitive brain. The visceral hump, which is the main body, contains most of the organs, including a complete digestive and excretory tract as well as the reproductive organs. The visceral hump also includes the two external flaps of tissue, which are known as the mantle. UBERON:0008937 uberon visceral sac BTO:0001448 visceral sac BTO:0001448 Mollusks have three distinct divisions of their body. The head contains the sensory equipment (eyes, antennae, etc) and the primitive brain. The visceral hump, which is the main body, contains most of the organs, including a complete digestive and excretory tract as well as the reproductive organs. The visceral hump also includes the two external flaps of tissue, which are known as the mantle. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/630349/visceral-hump pedal ganglion BTO:0001012 The pedal ganglia mainly are necessary for coordination of locomotion of a snail. UBERON:0008939 uberon BTO:0001012 The pedal ganglia mainly are necessary for coordination of locomotion of a snail. BTO BTO parietal ganglion BTO:0001841 The lateral ganglia of a snail nervous system are called parietal ganglia. They innerve pallial cavity, gills and skin. UBERON:0008940 uberon BTO BTO BTO:0001841 The lateral ganglia of a snail nervous system are called parietal ganglia. They innerve pallial cavity, gills and skin. pleural ganglion BTO:0001842 The pallial cavity's nerve knots are called pleural ganglia. They innerve primarily the mantle or a snail. UBERON:0008941 uberon BTO BTO BTO:0001842 The pallial cavity's nerve knots are called pleural ganglia. They innerve primarily the mantle or a snail. gastropod cerebral ganglion BTO:0001843 The cerebral ganglia are primarily sensual centres, that compute information from the eyes as well as from the tactile and position sensors (statocystes). Besides coordination they also serve the locational memory of a snail. UBERON:0008942 cerebral ganglion uberon BTO:0001843 The cerebral ganglia are primarily sensual centres, that compute information from the eyes as well as from the tactile and position sensors (statocystes). Besides coordination they also serve the locational memory of a snail. BTO:0001843 cerebral ganglion BTO headfoot BTO:0003509 The head-foot is the part you see most easily in slugs and snails. It is mostly a muscular organ covered in cilia and rich in mucous cells, which the mollusc uses to move around, it normally tapers to a tail at one end and has a head incorporated in the front. The head includes a mouth, eyes and tentacles, the last two may be much reduced or even absent. In those species with shells the head-foot can be drawn into the shell. UBERON:0008943 uberon BTO:0003509 The head-foot is the part you see most easily in slugs and snails. It is mostly a muscular organ covered in cilia and rich in mucous cells, which the mollusc uses to move around, it normally tapers to a tail at one end and has a head incorporated in the front. The head includes a mouth, eyes and tentacles, the last two may be much reduced or even absent. In those species with shells the head-foot can be drawn into the shell. albumen Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo. GO:0097099 UBERON:0008944 egg white ncithesaurus:Egg_White uberon Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo. GO:0097099 Wikipedia:Albumen https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3357613&group_id=36855&atid=440764 GO:0097099 egg white extraembryonic endoderm . EHDAA2:0000473 EHDAA:105 EMAPA:16052 The origin of extraembryonic endoderm is a highly controversial issue... UBERON:0008945 uberon EHDAA2 . http://www.ana.ed.ac.uk/database/humat/notes/extraemb/mesoder.htm EHDAA2 lung parenchyma FMA:27360 SCTID:201712001 UBERON:0008946 respiratory portion of lung uberon FMA FMA FMA:27360 respiratory portion of lung respiratory primordium EHDAA2:0004069 UBERON:0008947 ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Primordium uberon Obol upper lobe of lung FMA:7334 SCTID:303548008 UBERON:0008948 cranial lobe of lung lobus superior lobus superior pulmonis ncithesaurus:Lung_Upper_Lobe superior lobe of lung uberon FMA FMA:TA lobus superior pulmonis FMA:7334 superior lobe of lung UBERON:cjm cranial lobe of lung FMA:7334 lobus superior lower lobe of lung FMA:7335 SCTID:303549000 UBERON:0008949 inferior lobe of lung lobus inferior lobus inferior pulmonis ncithesaurus:Lung_Lower_Lobe uberon UBERON:cjm inferior lobe of lung UBERON:cjm lobus inferior pulmonis FMA UBERON:cjm lobus inferior azygous lobe of lung The azygous lobe of the lung is an accessory lobe of the right lung. It is rare and usually associated with an abnormality of the azygous vein. It is produced by an aberrant position of the azygous vein near the hilum of the lung. It divides the right superior lobe near the apex of the lung down to the hilum in roughly the median plane. The fissure created, the meso-azygous fissure, is lined by both visceral and parietal pleura. The lobe lies superomedial to the fissure. UBERON:0008950 uberon The azygous lobe of the lung is an accessory lobe of the right lung. It is rare and usually associated with an abnormality of the azygous vein. It is produced by an aberrant position of the azygous vein near the hilum of the lung. It divides the right superior lobe near the apex of the lung down to the hilum in roughly the median plane. The fissure created, the meso-azygous fissure, is lined by both visceral and parietal pleura. The lobe lies superomedial to the fissure. http://www.e-radiography.net/radpath/a/azygoslobe.htm http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk left lung lobe EHDAA:2981 SCTID:272655003 UBERON:0008951 lobe of left lung lobe of the left lung ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung uberon upper lobe of left lung EHDAA2:0000953 EHDAA:4957 FMA:7370 SCTID:361984006 The lobe of the left lung that is closest to the head. UBERON:0008952 left lung cranial lobe left upper lobe left upper lobe of lung lobus superior pulmonis sinistri ncithesaurus:Upper_Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung superior lobe of left lung uberon FMA:TA lobus superior pulmonis sinistri FMA:7370 left upper lobe EHDAA2:0000953 left lung cranial lobe FMA FMA:7370 superior lobe of left lung The lobe of the left lung that is closest to the head. UBERON:cjm FMA:7370 left upper lobe of lung lower lobe of left lung EHDAA2:0000945 EHDAA:4949 FMA:7371 SCTID:361989001 UBERON:0008953 inferior lobe of left lung left lower lobe left lower lobe of lung left lung caudal lobe lobus inferior (pulmo sinister) lobus inferior pulmonis sinistri ncithesaurus:Lower_Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung uberon FMA FMA:7371 left lower lobe of lung FMA:7371 inferior lobe of left lung FMA:TA lobus inferior pulmonis sinistri EHDAA2:0000945 left lung caudal lobe FMA:7371 left lower lobe FMA:7371 lobus inferior (pulmo sinister) lingula of left lung FMA:7433 SCTID:184916009 UBERON:0008954 galen:MiddleLobeOfLeftLung left pulmonary lingula lingula of lung middle lobe of left lung ncithesaurus:Lingula the lingula of the left lung in humans is not normally considered a true lobe uberon FMA:7433 lingula of lung galen:MiddleLobeOfLeftLung middle lobe of left lung FMA:7433 left pulmonary lingula middle lobe/projection of lung SCTID:362900002 UBERON:0008955 galen:MiddleLobeOfLung middle lobe of lung uberon galen:MiddleLobeOfLung middle lobe of lung involucrum UBERON:0008956 a layer of new bone growth outside existing bone seen in pyogenic osteomyelitis. It results from the stripping off of the periosteum by the accumulation of pus within the bone, and new bone growing from the periosteum. uberon Wikipedia:Involucrum a layer of new bone growth outside existing bone seen in pyogenic osteomyelitis. It results from the stripping off of the periosteum by the accumulation of pus within the bone, and new bone growing from the periosteum. Wikipedia sequestrum UBERON:0008957 a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone.. uberon Wikipedia Wikipedia:Sequestrum a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone.. cetacean involucrum UBERON:0008958 uberon Wikipedia auditory bulla In extant primates, the structure is found in tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises UBERON:0008959 a hollow bony structure on the ventral, posterior portion of the skull of placental mammals that encloses parts of the middle and inner ear. In most species, it is formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. tympanic bulla uberon Wikipedia:Auditory_bulla a hollow bony structure on the ventral, posterior portion of the skull of placental mammals that encloses parts of the middle and inner ear. In most species, it is formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. melon organ The melon is an ovoid-shaped, fatty organ found in the forehead of all toothed whales (odontocetes), including dolphins and porpoises (Cranford et al., 1996; Harper, C. J., et al., 2008) and believed to be used in echolocation UBERON:0008960 uberon The melon is an ovoid-shaped, fatty organ found in the forehead of all toothed whales (odontocetes), including dolphins and porpoises (Cranford et al., 1996; Harper, C. J., et al., 2008) and believed to be used in echolocation Wikipedia:Melon_(whale) parabronchus UBERON:0008961 parabronchia tertiary bronchi in the avian lung. The domestic fowl has some 500 parabronchi each 1 to 2 mm diameter with the wall of each containing the complex respiratory epithelium. uberon parabronchia http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/parabronchi tertiary bronchi in the avian lung. The domestic fowl has some 500 parabronchi each 1 to 2 mm diameter with the wall of each containing the complex respiratory epithelium. forelimb bone A bone that is part of a forelimb region. Examples: any hand phalanx, humerus. Counter-examples: scapula (it is part of the pectoral girdle) GAID:178 MESH:A.02.835.232.087 SCTID:368532003 UBERON:0008962 free forelimb bone ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Upper_Extremity uberon wing bone UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 free forelimb bone Geisha:syn wing bone A bone that is part of a forelimb region. Examples: any hand phalanx, humerus. Counter-examples: scapula (it is part of the pectoral girdle) UBERON:cjm hoof BTO:0003994 SCTID:410026002 The hoof is the integument of the foot. Like skin, the integument of the foot has three layers, namely the epidermis, dermis, and SC tissue. The tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, strengthened by a thick horny (keratin) covering. The hoof consists of a hard or rubbery sole, and a hard wall formed by a thick nail rolled around the tip of the toe. The weight of the animal is normally borne by both the sole and the edge of the hoof wall. Hooves grow continuously, and are constantly worn down by use. UBERON:0008963 uberon The tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, strengthened by a thick horny (keratin) covering. The hoof consists of a hard or rubbery sole, and a hard wall formed by a thick nail rolled around the tip of the toe. The weight of the animal is normally borne by both the sole and the edge of the hoof wall. Hooves grow continuously, and are constantly worn down by use. Wikipedia:Hoof abdominal ganglion of visceral hump BTO:0000022 The visceral sacs nerve knot is called visceral ganglion. In contrary to the mostly paired other ganglia this nerve knot is unpaired. The visceral ganglion innerves the pallial organs as well as the inner organs. UBERON:0008964 abdominal ganglion uberon visceral ganglion BTO:0000022 abdominal ganglion BTO BTO BTO:0000022 visceral ganglion BTO:0000022 The visceral sacs nerve knot is called visceral ganglion. In contrary to the mostly paired other ganglia this nerve knot is unpaired. The visceral ganglion innerves the pallial organs as well as the inner organs. centrum semiovale BTO:0000229 FMA:61939 SCTID:369198002 The semioval center is the white matter found underneath the grey matter on the surface of the cerebrum. The term is synonymous with cerebral white matter. The white matter, located in each hemisphere between the cerebral cortex and nuclei, as a whole has a semioval shape. It consists of cortical projection fibers, association fibers and cortical fibers. UBERON:0008967 centrum semiovale medullary center note that WP suggests a merge with cerebral white matter semioval center uberon white matter of cerebrum Wikipedia:Semioval_center centrum semiovale BTO:0000229 semioval center FMA:61939 medullary center BTO The semioval center is the white matter found underneath the grey matter on the surface of the cerebrum. The term is synonymous with cerebral white matter. The white matter, located in each hemisphere between the cerebral cortex and nuclei, as a whole has a semioval shape. It consists of cortical projection fibers, association fibers and cortical fibers. Wikipedia:Semioval_center FMA:61939 white matter of cerebrum dental follicle BTO:0000337 SCTID:110975002 The structure within the developing alveolar bone of the jaws enclosing the tooth germ. UBERON:0008969 tooth follicle uberon BTO BTO:0000337 tooth follicle BTO BTO:0000337 The structure within the developing alveolar bone of the jaws enclosing the tooth germ. left colon BTO:0000646 SCTID:362164005 The distal portion of the colon; it develops embryonically from the hindgut and functions in the storage and elimination of waste. UBERON:0008971 distal colon ncithesaurus:Left_Colon uberon BTO BTO:0000646 distal colon BTO BTO:0000646 The distal portion of the colon; it develops embryonically from the hindgut and functions in the storage and elimination of waste. right colon BTO:0000649 SCTID:362161002 The proximal portion of the colon, extending from the ileocecal valve usually to a point proximal to the left colic flexure; it develops embryonically from the terminal portion of the midgut and functions in absorption. UBERON:0008972 ncithesaurus:Right_Colon proximal colon uberon BTO:0000649 proximal colon BTO BTO BTO:0000649 The proximal portion of the colon, extending from the ileocecal valve usually to a point proximal to the left colic flexure; it develops embryonically from the terminal portion of the midgut and functions in absorption. apocrine gland A gland whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells. BTO:0001162 SCTID:361698000 UBERON:0008974 uberon A gland whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells. BTO:0001162 BTO shell gland Any of various structures that secrete covering material for eggs or egg masses BTO:0001241 SCTID:14478002 UBERON:0008975 nidamental gland uberon Any of various structures that secrete covering material for eggs or egg masses http://www.answers.com/topic/nidamental-gland BTO venom gland BTO:0001440 Editors note: todo - check the developmental relationship. Taxon notes: currently refers to venom gland of the snake, but could in future be generalized SCTID:362181001 The venom gland of snakes is in actual fact a modified salivary gland and is linked to the groove in the fangs by a duct. UBERON:0008976 poison gland uberon BTO:0001440 poison gland BTO BTO BTO:0001440 The venom gland of snakes is in actual fact a modified salivary gland and is linked to the groove in the fangs by a duct. pes anserinus of leg BTO:0001507 Editors note: Consider adding muscle insertion site class SCTID:360767004 The pes anserinus is the insertion of the conjoined tendons of three muscles onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia. UBERON:0008977 pes anserine pes anserinus uberon BTO:0001507 pes anserinus The pes anserinus is the insertion of the conjoined tendons of three muscles onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia. Wikipedia:Pes_anserinus_%28leg%29 Wikipedia:Pes_anserinus_%28leg%29 pes anserine anal sac BTO:0001681 In carnivores, either of two sacs found between the internal and external anal sphincters, lined with sebaceous glands and in some species with apocrine glands. SCTID:362169000 UBERON:0008978 uberon BTO BTO:0001681 In carnivores, either of two sacs found between the internal and external anal sphincters, lined with sebaceous glands and in some species with apocrine glands. BTO carcass A dead body. BTO:0001965 SCTID:127853004 UBERON:0008979 cadaver dead body uberon BTO BTO:0001965 dead body A dead body. BTO:0001965 BTO:0001965 cadaver rhinencephalon BTO:0002785 SCTID:361576004 The olfactory region of the brain, located in the cerebrum. UBERON:0008981 olfactory brain uberon BTO BTO:0002785 olfactory brain BTO:0002785 The olfactory region of the brain, located in the cerebrum. fascia A sheet of connective tissue covering or binding together body structures as muscles. BTO:0002930 FMA:30318 SCTID:181772008 UBERON:0008982 ncithesaurus:Fascia uberon A sheet of connective tissue covering or binding together body structures as muscles. BTO:0002930 BTO renal parenchyma BTO:0003604 FMA:15574 SCTID:29704000 The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons. UBERON:0008987 kidney parenchyma uberon FMA BTO:0003604 kidney parenchyma BTO:0003604 The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons. FMA BTO esophageal gland BTO:0003634 FMA:9404 One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. SCTID:322749003 UBERON:0008989 glandulae oesophageae mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Gland uberon FMA:9404 mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands glandulae oesophageae BTO:0003634 One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands chorion frondosum BTO:0003677 SCTID:37333001 The part of the chorion where the villi persist, forming the foetal part of the placenta. UBERON:0008992 shaggy chorion uberon BTO BTO:0003677 shaggy chorion BTO:0003677 The part of the chorion where the villi persist, forming the foetal part of the placenta. BTO habenular nucleus BTO:0003685 EHDAA2:0004710 SCTID:279303009 The gray matter of the habenula, composed of a small-celled medial and a larger-celled lateral habenular nucleus; both nuclei receive fibres from basal forebrain regions (septum, basal nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus); the lateral habenular nucleus receives an additional projection from the medial segment of the globus pallidus. Both nuclei project by way of the retroflex fasciculus to the interpeduncular nucleus and a medial zone of the midbrain tegmentum. UBERON:0008993 ganglion habenulae nucleus habenulae uberon BTO BTO:0003685 The gray matter of the habenula, composed of a small-celled medial and a larger-celled lateral habenular nucleus; both nuclei receive fibres from basal forebrain regions (septum, basal nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus); the lateral habenular nucleus receives an additional projection from the medial segment of the globus pallidus. Both nuclei project by way of the retroflex fasciculus to the interpeduncular nucleus and a medial zone of the midbrain tegmentum. BTO BTO:0003685 nucleus habenulae BTO:0003685 ganglion habenulae glandular stomach BTO:0003791 SCTID:27633001 Stomach found in horses; includes cardiac, proper gastric and pyloric glandular zones. UBERON:0008994 ncithesaurus:Glandular_Stomach stomachus glandularis uberon BTO:0003791 Stomach found in horses; includes cardiac, proper gastric and pyloric glandular zones. BTO BTO:0003791 stomachus glandularis cerebellar nucleus BTO:0003835 Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii. SCTID:279220006 UBERON:0008995 uberon BTO BTO:0003835 Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii. nucleus dentatus BTO:0003836 SCTID:279221005 UBERON:0008996 uberon BTO nucleus fastigii BTO:0003839 SCTID:279224002 UBERON:0008997 uberon BTO cerebrovascular system BTO:0003840 SCTID:362029003 System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. UBERON:0008998 uberon BTO:0003840 System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. BTO hoof lamina BTO:0003997 SCTID:370743008 The tissues which attach the third phalanx to the hoof wall. UBERON:0008999 hoof laminae uberon BTO BTO:0003997 hoof laminae BTO:0003997 The tissues which attach the third phalanx to the hoof wall. ischial spine A bony process projecting backward and medialward from the posterior border of the ischium. BTO:0004149 FMA:17028 SCTID:18074002 UBERON:0009000 uberon BTO A bony process projecting backward and medialward from the posterior border of the ischium. BTO:0004149 placental membrane BTO:0004196 SCTID:256591004 The membrane separating the fetal from the maternal blood in the placenta; sometimes inappropriately called the placental barrier. UBERON:0009002 ncithesaurus:Placental_Membrane placental barrier uberon BTO BTO BTO:0004196 placental barrier BTO:0004196 The membrane separating the fetal from the maternal blood in the placenta; sometimes inappropriately called the placental barrier. femorotibial joint BTO:0004396 One of the two primary bendings of a typical leg, pertains to the femur and the tibia. SCTID:182203004 UBERON:0009005 uberon BTO BTO:0004396 One of the two primary bendings of a typical leg, pertains to the femur and the tibia. deep inguinal lymph node BTO:0004548 FMA:44225 One of several small inconstant lymph nodes, proximal, intermediate and distal deep to the fascia lata and medial to the femoral vein; they receive lymph from the deep structures of the lower limb, from the glans penis and from superficial inguinal nodes; efferents pass to the external iliac nodes. SCTID:65266007 UBERON:0009006 nodi lymphatici inguinales profundi uberon BTO:0004548 One of several small inconstant lymph nodes, proximal, intermediate and distal deep to the fascia lata and medial to the femoral vein; they receive lymph from the deep structures of the lower limb, from the glans penis and from superficial inguinal nodes; efferents pass to the external iliac nodes. BTO BTO:0004548 nodi lymphatici inguinales profundi superficial inguinal lymph node A group of 12-20 lymph nodes that lie in the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein; they drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, buttocks, external genitalia, and lower limbs. BTO:0004549 FMA:5036 SCTID:113340006 UBERON:0009007 uberon BTO A group of 12-20 lymph nodes that lie in the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein; they drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, buttocks, external genitalia, and lower limbs. BTO:0004549 carotid sinus nerve BTO:0004978 Carotid branch of glossopharyngeal nerve. FMA:53488 SCTID:50624003 UBERON:0009009 uberon BTO:0004978 Carotid branch of glossopharyngeal nerve. BTO FMA periurethral tissue BTO:0005081 SCTID:256880003 Tissue around the urethra. UBERON:0009010 uberon BTO:0005081 Tissue around the urethra. white fibrocartilage MA:0000486 SCTID:3008003 UBERON:0009013 uberon UBERON lower back skin MA:0000504 SCTID:286601005 UBERON:0009014 uberon MA upper back skin MA:0000510 SCTID:304890003 UBERON:0009015 uberon MA ciliary stroma MA:0001239 SCTID:280868008 UBERON:0009016 uberon MA left uterine horn MA:0001727 SCTID:245482004 UBERON:0009020 uberon right uterine horn MA:0001728 SCTID:245481006 UBERON:0009022 uberon adrenal gland X zone A wide juxta-medullary layer of cells in the adrenal glands of young mature virgin female mice. MA:0001888 SCTID:24306004 UBERON:0009024 juvenile zone uberon MA:0001888 juvenile zone A wide juxta-medullary layer of cells in the adrenal glands of young mature virgin female mice. http://www.jstor.org/pss/82802 MA MA gastroepiploic artery Abdominal artery that follows the curvature of the stomach. The right gasteroepiploic artery is frequently used in coronary artery bypass grafting, myocardial revascularization, and other vascular reconstruction. MA:0001962 MESH:A.07.231.114.379 SCTID:261401008 UBERON:0009025 ncithesaurus:Gastroepiploic_Artery uberon Abdominal artery that follows the curvature of the stomach. The right gasteroepiploic artery is frequently used in coronary artery bypass grafting, myocardial revascularization, and other vascular reconstruction. MESH:A.07.231.114.379 MA iliac circumflex artery MA:0001975 SCTID:244327004 UBERON:0009026 ncithesaurus:Circumflex_Iliac_Artery uberon MA vesical artery MA:0002078 SCTID:244307000 UBERON:0009027 uberon MA pudendal vein MA:0002202 SCTID:395225000 UBERON:0009029 uberon MA left pulmonary vein MA:0002207 SCTID:304057004 UBERON:0009030 ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein uberon MA right pulmonary vein MA:0002208 SCTID:304056008 UBERON:0009032 ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein uberon MA stomach region MA:0002561 SCTID:245415005 UBERON:0009034 uberon renal straight tubule MA:0002634 SCTID:245151008 UBERON:0009035 todo - add relationships uberon MA sulcus ampullaris FMA:74584 MA:0002835 SCTID:368954006 UBERON:0009038 ampullary groove ampullary sulcus the groove on the external surface of the ampulla of each semicircular duct where the nerve enters the ampullary crest. uberon FMA http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=ampullary+groove the groove on the external surface of the ampulla of each semicircular duct where the nerve enters the ampullary crest. FMA:74584 ampullary groove MA lymph node germinal center A germinal center that is located in a lymph node BTO:0003671 MA:0002989 SCTID:327147000 UBERON:0009039 germinal center lymph node activated zone lymph node central zone lymph node light zone lymph node nodule ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Germinal_Center uberon A germinal center that is located in a lymph node CL:tm MA BTO:0003671 germinal center deep circumflex iliac artery FMA:20687 The deep circumflex iliac artery (or deep iliac circumflex artery) is an artery in the pelvis that travels along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone. UBERON:0009040 arteria circumflexa ilium profunda arteria circumflexa ilium profunda deep iliac circumflex deep iliac circumflex artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gray586.png ncithesaurus:Deep_Circumflex_Iliac_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery arteria circumflexa ilium profunda FMA Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery deep iliac circumflex The deep circumflex iliac artery (or deep iliac circumflex artery) is an artery in the pelvis that travels along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone. Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery deep iliac circumflex artery Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery arteria circumflexa ilium profunda FMA superficial circumflex iliac artery FMA:20737 The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries. UBERON:0009041 arteria circumflexa ilium superficialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray548.png iliac circumflex artery ncithesaurus:Superficial_Circumflex_Iliac_Artery superficial circumflex iliac artery uberon Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery superficial circumflex iliac artery FMA FMA Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery arteria circumflexa ilium superficialis FMA Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery iliac circumflex artery The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries. Wikipedia:Superficial_circumflex_iliac_artery prostatic venous plexus FMA:29711 The prostatic veins form a well-marked prostatic plexus which lies partly in the fascial sheath of the prostate and partly between the sheath and the prostatic capsule. It communicates with the pudendal and vesical plexuses. UBERON:0009042 plexus venosus prostaticus pudendal venous plexus uberon Wikipedia:Prostatic_venous_plexus plexus venosus prostaticus FMA FMA:29711 pudendal venous plexus The prostatic veins form a well-marked prostatic plexus which lies partly in the fascial sheath of the prostate and partly between the sheath and the prostatic capsule. It communicates with the pudendal and vesical plexuses. Wikipedia:Prostatic_venous_plexus pudendal venous plexus SCTID:65326006 The pudendal plexus (vesicoprostatic plexus) lies behind the arcuate pubic ligament and the lower part of the pubic symphysis, and in front of the bladder and prostate. Its chief tributary is the deep dorsal vein of the penis, but it also receives branches from the front of the bladder and prostate. It communicates with the vesical plexus and with the internal pudendal vein and drains into the vesical and hypogastric veins. UBERON:0009044 uberon The pudendal plexus (vesicoprostatic plexus) lies behind the arcuate pubic ligament and the lower part of the pubic symphysis, and in front of the bladder and prostate. Its chief tributary is the deep dorsal vein of the penis, but it also receives branches from the front of the bladder and prostate. It communicates with the vesical plexus and with the internal pudendal vein and drains into the vesical and hypogastric veins. Wikipedia:Pudendal_plexus_(veins) inferior external pudendal vein MA:0002203 UBERON:0009046 uberon MA superior external pudendal vein MA:0002204 UBERON:0009047 uberon MA deep external pudendal vein FMA:44488 UBERON:0009048 uberon superficial external pudendal vein FMA:21377 UBERON:0009049 uberon nucleus of solitary tract ''nucleus tractus solitarii medullae oblongatae . ABA:NTS BM:Me-NS BTO:0003963 EV:0100288 FMA:256691 GAID:593 MA:0001052 MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.406.750 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1429 UBERON:0009050 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Solitary_Tract ncithesaurus:Solitary_Nucleus nucleus of the tractus solitarius nucleus of tractus solitarius solitary nucleus solitary tract nucleus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1429 nucleus of the tractus solitarius Wikipedia:Solitary_nucleus nucleus of tractus solitarius . Wikipedia:Solitary_nucleus ''nucleus tractus solitarii medullae oblongatae Wikipedia:Solitary_nucleus gelatinous nucleus of solitary tract ABA:NTSge FMA:77463 UBERON:0009051 uberon FMA medial nucleus of solitary tract ABA:NTSm FMA:229585 UBERON:0009052 uberon FMA dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2575 SCTID:369021001 UBERON:0009053 dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2575 dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body open circulatory system The Open Circulatory System is a system in which fluid (called hemolymph) in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs directly with oxygen and nutrients and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid; this combined fluid is called hemolymph or haemolymph UBERON:0009054 uberon GO closed circulatory system Editor notes: consider merging with cardiovascular system? Taxon notes: The circulatory systems of all vertebrates, as well as of annelids (for example, earthworms) and cephalopods (squid and octopus) are closed, just as in humans. Still, the systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds show various stages of the evolution of the circulatory system UBERON:0009055 uberon GO two-pass circulatory system A closed circulatory system in which blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. UBERON:0009056 uberon A closed circulatory system in which blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. GO:0035905 Wikipedia:Double_circulatory_system one-pass circulatory system A closed circulatory system in which blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. UBERON:0009057 uberon A closed circulatory system in which blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. GO:0035907 faveolus A bellows-shaped respiratory unit extending from the outer wall of the lung into a central air space. Dunker (1978) coined the terms ediculae or faveoli to describe the unit structure of the reptilian parenchymal, which are analogous to mammalian alveoli, but are up to 1,000 times larger than alveoli of similar sized mammals[PMID:12625309] UBERON:0009058 edicula faveoli uberon faveoli A bellows-shaped respiratory unit extending from the outer wall of the lung into a central air space. PMID:12869615 PMID:12625309 edicula air sac MESH:A.13.048 SCTID:49081009 Three distinct sets of organs perform respiration—the anterior air sacs (interclavicular, cervicals, and anterior thoracics), the lungs, and the posterior air sacs (posterior thoracics and abdominals). The posterior and anterior air sacs, typically nine, expand during inhalation. Air enters the bird via the trachea. Half of the inhaled air enters the posterior air sacs, the other half passes through the lungs and into the anterior air sacs. Air from the anterior air sacs empties directly into the trachea and out the bird's mouth or nares. The posterior air sacs empty their air into the lungs. Air passing through the lungs as the bird exhales is expelled via the trachea. Some taxonomic groups (Passeriformes) possess 7 air sacs, as the clavicular air sacs may interconnect or be fused with the cranial thoracic air sacs[WP] UBERON:0009060 any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds, which increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the lungs http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/BirdRespiration.svg psotcranial air sac uberon Wikipedia:Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds, which increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the lungs http://www.thefreedictionary.com/air+sac UBERON:cjm psotcranial air sac anterior air sac UBERON:0009061 uberon posterior air sac Half of the inhaled air enters the posterior air sacs. The posterior air sacs empty their air into the lungs. UBERON:0009062 uberon interclavicular air sac UBERON:0009063 uberon cervical air sac SCTID:62426003 UBERON:0009064 uberon anterior thoracic air sac UBERON:0009065 uberon posterior thoracic air sac SCTID:10576005 UBERON:0009066 uberon abdominal air sac SCTID:43701009 UBERON:0009067 uberon mesobronchus UBERON:0009071 mesobronchi uberon mesobronchi ventrobronchus UBERON:0009072 uberon dorsobronchus UBERON:0009073 uberon syrinx organ UBERON:0009074 avian vocal organ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Syrinx.jpg syrinx uberon vocal organ of birds, located at the base of a trachea Wikipedia:Syrinx_(bird_anatomy) vocal organ of birds, located at the base of a trachea membrana tympaniformis UBERON:0009075 uberon wall of syrinx Wikipedia:Syrinx_(bird_anatomy) wall of syrinx membrana tympaniformis lateralis UBERON:0009076 lateral wall of syrinx uberon membrana tympaniformis medialis UBERON:0009077 medial wall of syrinx uberon pessulus A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds UBERON:0009078 uberon A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds http://www.encyclo.co.uk/webster/P/64 inner medulla vasa recta descending limb KUPO:0001003 UBERON:0009089 uberon KUPO outer medulla vasa recta descending limb KUPO:0001004 UBERON:0009090 uberon KUPO vasa recta ascending limb KUPO:0001005 UBERON:0009091 uberon KUPO inner medulla vasa recta ascending limb KUPO:0001006 UBERON:0009092 uberon KUPO outer medulla vasa recta ascending limb KUPO:0001007 UBERON:0009093 uberon KUPO tip of renal papilla KUPO:0001009 UBERON:0009095 papillary tip papillary tips uberon KUPO KUPO:0001009 papillary tips KUPO:0001009 papillary tip gravid stage BTO:0004733 The adult stage at which the organism contains a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. UBERON:0009096 gravid pregnant adult stage pregnant stage uberon BTO:0004733 gravid BTO:0004733 pregnant stage BTO:0004733 pregnant adult stage BTO BTO:0004733 The adult stage at which the organism contains a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. gravid organism An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. UBERON:0009097 pregnant organism uberon An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. BTO:0004733 gravid uterus The uterus in pregnancy UBERON:0009098 ncithesaurus:Gravid_Uterus uberon The uterus in pregnancy http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gravid+uterus typhlosole UBERON:0009099 an invagination of the intestinal epithelium that emanates from a lamina of mesenchymal cells located between the dorsal aorta and the upper intestine and constitute one of the two principal hematopoietic organs at the ammocoete stage of development. uberon Wikipedia:Typhlosole an invagination of the intestinal epithelium that emanates from a lamina of mesenchymal cells located between the dorsal aorta and the upper intestine and constitute one of the two principal hematopoietic organs at the ammocoete stage of development. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093943/ nephric fold Lymphocytes are also abundant in the lamprey kidney, where large populations are intermingled around the renal tubules UBERON:0009100 uberon ammocoete UBERON:0009101 lamprey at larval stage uberon supraneural body One of the primary immunological organs of the adult lamprey is the supraneural body. This structure lies dorsal to spinal column and becomes heavily populated with lymphocytes following after immune challenge [13–15]. The supraneural body from hematopoietically stimulated lampreys appears to be histologically-similar to ‘bone marrow’ in higher vertebrates and contains all blood cell lineages and their precursors, including lymphocytes at all stages of maturity[16]. UBERON:0009102 dorsal fat body pro-vertebral arch uberon http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093943/ pro-vertebral arch One of the primary immunological organs of the adult lamprey is the supraneural body. This structure lies dorsal to spinal column and becomes heavily populated with lymphocytes following after immune challenge [13–15]. The supraneural body from hematopoietically stimulated lampreys appears to be histologically-similar to ‘bone marrow’ in higher vertebrates and contains all blood cell lineages and their precursors, including lymphocytes at all stages of maturity[16]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823822/#R16 dorsal fat body http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093943/ thymic region UBERON:0009113 uberon MA-modified EHDAA2-modified cervical thymus A cervical thymus is a pathological structure in a human - it can form during the migration of the thymus to its location in the mediastinum. Some mice have a cervical thymus. There are examples of cervical thymi in marsupials and prosimians[ISBN-10:0781714125] A mature thymus that is entirely part of the cervical region. UBERON:0009114 uberon A mature thymus that is entirely part of the cervical region. UBERON:cjm thoracic thymus A mature thymus that is entirely part of thoracic region. UBERON:0009115 uberon A mature thymus that is entirely part of thoracic region. UBERON:cjm thymoid A thymus-like lympho-epithelial structures, in the tips of the gill filaments and the neighbouring secondary lamellae (both within the gill basket) of lamprey larvae. Genes: FOXN1 UBERON:0009116 uberon A thymus-like lympho-epithelial structures, in the tips of the gill filaments and the neighbouring secondary lamellae (both within the gill basket) of lamprey larvae. PMID:21293377 indifferent gonad A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. EHDAA2:0000716 UBERON:0009117 ncithesaurus:Indifferent_Gonad typically part of the embryo - however, in male tammar wallabies the gonads are indifferent at the neonatal stage[8827321] uberon A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8981 marsupial pouch UBERON:0009118 pouch uberon branchial basket UBERON:0009119 gill basket http://dev.duit.uwa.edu.au/zoology/media/lamp/E19.jpg the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region of Petromyzontiformes and Holocephali uberon http://www.briancoad.com/dictionary/DicPics/branchial%20basket.htm the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region of Petromyzontiformes and Holocephali gill basket http://www.briancoad.com/dictionary/DicPics/branchial%20basket.htm PMID:19924811 gill filament BTO:0002150 Portion of tissue that projects outward from the gill and is a thread-like, soft, red respiratory and excretory structure. TAO:0000667 UBERON:0009120 ZFA:0000667 gill filaments uberon Portion of tissue that projects outward from the gill and is a thread-like, soft, red respiratory and excretory structure. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 http:www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/G.htm ZFA ZFA:0000667 gill filaments ZFA vomeronasal nerve AAO:0010608 BTO:0001351 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005018 Nerve carrying fibers from the vomeronasal organ to the accessory olfactory bulb[AAO]. originates in the olfactory epithelial cells of Jacobson's organ, and that passes through the submucous tissue of the nasal septum and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulb[BTO]. UBERON:0009121 in the human this disappears before birth uberon AAO:DSM BTO:0001351 Nerve carrying fibers from the vomeronasal organ to the accessory olfactory bulb[AAO]. originates in the olfactory epithelial cells of Jacobson's organ, and that passes through the submucous tissue of the nasal septum and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulb[BTO]. Wikipedia NIF_GrossAnatomy ISBN10:0471888893 adenohypophyseal placode Editor notes: consider adding more detailed spatial placement - e.g. oral ectoderm and/or rostal ectoderm. Addtional notes: Fate-mapping studies in amphibian, chick and mouse embryos (Eagleson et al., 1986; 1995; Couly and Le Douarin, 1985; Cobos et al., 2001; Osumi-Yamachita et al., 1994; Kawamura et al., 2002) have shown that the cells contributing to the adenohypophysis develop at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, which delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate, a region devoid of neural crest. The anterior neural ridge also gives rise to the olfactory placodes and some forebrain tissues including the olfactory bulbs (reviewed in Papalopulu, 1995). Ablation of this region in chick embryos at the 2-4 somite stage confirmed these lineage analyses as it prevented formation of Rathke’s pouch and any further pituitary development (elAmraoui and Dubois, 1993). Upon head folding, the oral ectoderm cells of the adenohypophyseal placode invaginate towards the prospective ventral diencephalon to form Rathke’s pouch, the anlage of the adenohypophysis. Rathke’s pouch starts as an invagination of the oral ectoderm in response to inductive signals from the prospective diencephalon. The region of the diencephalon above the pouch is known as the infundibulum and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary or neurohypohysis (Figure 3). While in most basal fish and tetrapods the adenohypophyseal anlagen invaginates to form Rathke’s pouch, in teleost fish the adenohypophyseal placode does not invaginate but rather maintains its initial organization forming a solid structure in the head (reviewed in Pogoda and Hammerschmidt; 2009) TAO:0001198 The adenohypophyseal placode forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary UBERON:0009122 XAO:0004208 ZFA:0001198 pituitary placode uberon NBK53175 non-neurogenic ZFA:0001198 pituitary placode The adenohypophyseal placode forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175/ ZFA otic cup UBERON:0009123 uberon NBK53175 geniculate placode Rostralmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 1st branchial cleft. TAO:0001295 UBERON:0009124 XAO:0004211 ZFA:0001295 facial epibranchial placode facial placode uberon XAO:0004211 facial epibranchial placode ZFA ZFA:0001295 facial placode NBK:NBK53175 Rostralmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 1st branchial cleft. petrosal placode Epibranchial placode between geniculate and nodose. Associated with 2nd branchial cleft. TAO:0001296 UBERON:0009125 XAO:0004212 ZFA:0001296 glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode glossopharyngeal placode uberon ZFA:0001296 glossopharyngeal placode XAO:0004212 glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode Epibranchial placode between geniculate and nodose. Associated with 2nd branchial cleft. NBK:NBK53175 ZFA nodosal placode Caudalmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 3rd branchial cleft. UBERON:0009126 XAO:0004213 nodose placode uberon vagal epibranchial placode Caudalmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 3rd branchial cleft. NBK:NBK53175 XAO:0004213 vagal epibranchial placode XAO:0004213 nodose placode NBK53175 epibranchial ganglion Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. Epibranchial ganglia orchestrate the development of the cranial neurogenic crest TAO:0001555 UBERON:0009127 ZFA:0001555 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-070928-157 epibranchial ganglia uberon ZFA:0001555 epibranchial ganglia NBK53175 Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. PMID:20133851 ZFIN:curator ZFA lateral line placode AAO:0010718 UBERON:0009128 XAO:0000440 lateral line placodes uberon NBK53175 XAO:0000440 lateral line placodes right atrium endocardium EHDAA2:0000274 FMA:7281 SCTID:3194006 UBERON:0009129 endocardium of right atrium uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 FMA:7281 endocardium of right atrium dorsal meso-duodenum RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000411 SCTID:361433003 UBERON:0009130 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 midbrain vesicle Semantics of EHDAA2 class unclear - part of midbrain UBERON:0009131 true uberon peroneus EHDAA2:0001450 EHDAA:8297 SCTID:181694005 UBERON:0009132 a group of three muscles fibularis (peronæus) longus, brevis, and tertius originating on the fibula and inserting on the metatarsals fibularis fibularis muscle peroneal muscle peroneal muscle group peroneal muscles peroneus muscle uberon EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Fibularis_muscles a group of three muscles fibularis (peronæus) longus, brevis, and tertius originating on the fibula and inserting on the metatarsals EHDAA2 pleuroperitoneal membrane A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. EHDAA2:0001483 EMAPA:17709 SCTID:361429005 UBERON:0009133 UBERON:0009146 ncithesaurus:Pleuroperitoneal_Membrane pleuroperitoneal membranes uberon EHDAA2:0001483 pleuroperitoneal membranes A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Wikipedia:Pleuroperitoneal http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pleuroperitoneal+membrane right common common cardinal vein EHDAA2:0004535 FMA:70310 SCTID:361507009 Taxon notes: only a vestige of the right duct in the adult hagfish (21)[PMID:20959416, S1] UBERON:0009138 common cardinal vein right uberon FMA EHDAA2:0004535 common cardinal vein right EHDAA2 right posterior cardinal vein EHDAA2:0004536 SCTID:361505001 UBERON:0009139 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 right subcardinal vein EHDAA2:0004538 SCTID:361452009 UBERON:0009140 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 craniocervical region vein EHDAA2:0004542 SCTID:32945007 UBERON:0009141 craniocervical vein head and neck veins uberon vein of head and neck EHDAA2:0004542 head and neck veins EHDAA2 entire mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001113 EHDAA:177 EMAPA:16097 UBERON:0003313 UBERON:0009142 consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm) uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 esophageal region EMAPA:16700 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000654 UBERON:0009143 oesophageal region uberon EHDAA2 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000654 oesophageal region pharyngeal region EMAPA:16549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 UBERON:0009145 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 foramen primum EHDAA2:0001826 EMAPA:17012 SCTID:308852002 UBERON:0009149 interatrial foramen primum ncithesaurus:Foramen_Primum opening in the septum primum between the two atria of the embryonic heart. ostium primum primary interatrial foramen uberon Wikipedia:Ostium_primum http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen+primum opening in the septum primum between the two atria of the embryonic heart. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen+primum ostium primum EHDAA2 EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Ostium_primum primary interatrial foramen EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Ostium_primum interatrial foramen primum sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0003446 EMAPA:18015 UBERON:0009191 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 basisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0003447 EMAPA:18013 UBERON:0009192 basi-sphenoid pre-cartilage condensation uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0003447 basi-sphenoid pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2 EHDAA2 sphenoid bone cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001888 UBERON:0009193 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 basisphenoid cartilage condenstion EHDAA2:0000166 UBERON:0009194 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 anal membrane During the 7th week the urorectal septum divides the cloacal membrane into a urogenital membrane (ventrally) and an anal membrane (dorsally) [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/ugenital/genitexterne01.html] EHDAA2:0004018 UBERON:0009195 ncithesaurus:Anal_Membrane uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 indifferent external genitalia EHDAA2:0004021 UBERON:0009196 uberon cjm basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000165 EHDAA:6033 EMAPA:18012 UBERON:0009197 VHOG:0000959 uberon EMAPA EHDAA2 EHDAA2 craniofacial suture Editor notes: we follow GO in dividing sutures into cranial and facial and making a grouping class, but this is not consistent with FMA UBERON:0009198 any suture between cranial and/or facial bones. uberon GO:0097094 any suture between cranial and/or facial bones. FMA-abduced facial suture UBERON:0009199 any suture between facial bones. uberon GO GO:0097096 any suture between facial bones. limb epidermis The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium. UBERON:0009200 uberon GOC:dph GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium. nephric duct A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. UBERON:0009201 pronephric duct or mesonephric duct uberon A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. GO:0072176 EHDAA2 vasa recta descending limb KUPO:0001002 UBERON:0009202 uberon KUPO nasal suture FMA:52959 SCTID:368990004 SCTID:368992007 SNOMED has different terms for nasal and internasal UBERON:0009203 a suture joining the nasal bones. internasal suture internasal suture of skull nasal suture of skull sutura internasalis sutura internasalis uberon GO Wikipedia:Internasal_suture sutura internasalis FMA:52959 internasal suture of skull FMA:52959 GO:0097097 internasal suture Wikipedia:Internasal_suture sutura internasalis Wikipedia:Internasal_suture a suture joining the nasal bones. SCTID:368992007 nasal suture of skull medial nasal process mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001077 EMAPA:16810 UBERON:0009204 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 lateral nasal process mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000917 EMAPA:16807 UBERON:0009205 mesenchyme of latero-nasal process uberon EMAPA:16807 mesenchyme of latero-nasal process EHDAA2 lateral nasal process surface ectoderm EHDAA2:0000918 EMAPA:16806 UBERON:0009206 ectoderm of latero-nasal process uberon EMAPA:16806 ectoderm of latero-nasal process EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 geschmacksstreifen Area between hard and soft palates rich in tastebuds. UBERON:0009207 uberon Area between hard and soft palates rich in tastebuds. UBERON:cjm pharyngeal membrane UBERON:0009210 a thin fold of ectoderm and endoderm that separates the pharyngeal pouches from the branchial clefts in a developing embryo. ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Membrane pharyngeal membrane uberon a thin fold of ectoderm and endoderm that separates the pharyngeal pouches from the branchial clefts in a developing embryo. http://musom.marshall.edu/anatomy/grosshom/z_devbranc.html pharyngeal membrane of 1st arch 1st branchial membrane 1st pharyngeal membrane EHDAA:3788 EMAPA:16121 EMAPA:16992 EMAPA:17281 UBERON:0009213 VHOG:0001427 check EMAPA - 3 terms appear to match. We follow EMAPA in making each membrane part of the arch with the same number, though in fact it is between these arches future tympanic membrane separates the first pharyngeal groove from the first pharyngeal pouch. tympanic membrane primordium uberon 1st pharyngeal membrane VHOG:0001427 1st branchial membrane EMAPA:16992 ISBN10:1416037055 tympanic membrane primordium EMAPA:17281 future tympanic membrane EMAPA ISBN10:1416037055 separates the first pharyngeal groove from the first pharyngeal pouch. pharyngeal membrane of 2nd arch 2nd pharyngeal membrane EMAPA:16273 UBERON:0009215 VHOG:0000877 uberon 2nd pharyngeal membrane VHOG:0000877 EMAPA pharyngeal membrane of 3rd arch 3rd pharyngeal membrane EMAPA:16583 UBERON:0009216 VHOG:0000876 uberon EMAPA 3rd pharyngeal membrane VHOG:0000876 pharyngeal membrane of 4th arch 4th pharyngeal membrane EMAPA:16763 UBERON:0009217 uberon EMAPA 4th pharyngeal membrane UBERON:cjm cartilaginous centrum of vertebra SCTID:317278007 UBERON:0009291 cartilaginous centrum of vertebra[PMID:11746457] uberon embryonic nasal process EHDAA:4776 EMAPA:16680 SCTID:308881001 UBERON:0009292 uberon embryonic frontal process EHDAA:4780 EMAPA:16802 SCTID:346265009 UBERON:0009293 VHOG:0001323 uberon EMAPA basiotic bone SCTID:95946002 UBERON:0009468 a small bone in the fetus between the basilar process and the basisphenoid. uberon a small bone in the fetus between the basilar process and the basisphenoid. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basiotic+bone postsphenoidal bone SCTID:95950009 UBERON:0009470 the posterior portion of the sphenoid bone developed in five separate parts consisting of a central basisphenoid, the two alisphenoids, and the two medial pterygoid laminae. uberon cjm cjm Wikipedia:Ossification_of_sphenoid#Postsphenoid http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/postsphenoid the posterior portion of the sphenoid bone developed in five separate parts consisting of a central basisphenoid, the two alisphenoids, and the two medial pterygoid laminae. dorsum of tongue FMA:54651 SCTID:66938003 UBERON:0009471 dorsal tongue dorsum linguae ncithesaurus:Dorsum_of_the_Tongue the superior surface of the tongue divided by the sulcus terminalis into an anterior two-thirds, the presulcal part (pars presulcalis). and a posterior one-third, the postsulcal part (pars postsulcalis). tongue dorsum uberon FMA FMA:54651 tongue dorsum dorsum linguae http://www.drugs.com/dict/dorsum-of-tongue.html FMA:54651 dorsal tongue http://www.drugs.com/dict/dorsum-of-tongue.html the superior surface of the tongue divided by the sulcus terminalis into an anterior two-thirds, the presulcal part (pars presulcalis). and a posterior one-third, the postsulcal part (pars postsulcalis). axilla FMA:24864 MESH:A.01.378.800.090 The axilla is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder. UBERON:0009472 arm pit armpit armpits axilla axillae axillary region axillary region ncithesaurus:Axilla oxter regio axillaris uberon underarm FMA:24864 axillary region FMA Wikipedia:Axilla armpits The axilla is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder. Wikipedia:Axilla Wikipedia:Axilla axillae Wikipedia:Axilla arm pit Wikipedia:Axilla oxter Wikipedia:Axilla armpit Wikipedia:Axilla axilla Wikipedia:Axilla underarm Wikipedia:Axilla axillary region FMA:TA regio axillaris parapodium UBERON:0009473 either of a pair of fleshy lateral processes borne by most segments of a polychaete worm. paradpod paradpodia polychaete paradpodium uberon Wikipedia:Parapodium either of a pair of fleshy lateral processes borne by most segments of a polychaete worm. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parapodium?show=0&t=1314575672 paradpodia ascidian ampulla UBERON:0009474 ampulla uberon ampullar siphon UBERON:0009475 uberon madreporite The madreporite is an opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms. It is visible as a small red or yellow button-like structure, looking like a small wart, on the aboral surface of the central disk of a sea star. Close up, it is visibly structured, resembling a "madrepore" colony. From this, it derives its name. The water vascular system of the sea star consists of a series of seawater-filled ducts that function in locomotion and feeding and respiration. Its main parts are the madreporite, the stone canal, the ring canal, the radial canals, the lateral canals, and the tube feet. The sieve-like madreporite allows entry of seawater into the stone canal, which connects to the ring canal around the mouth. Five or more radial canals extend from the ring canal, one in each arm above the ambulacral groove. From the radial canals extend many lateral canals, each of which leads to a tube foot. Each tube foot is a closed cylinder with muscular walls, having a sucker at the outer end and a bulb-like ampulla at its inner end within the body cavity. UBERON:0009476 uberon BTO The madreporite is an opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms. It is visible as a small red or yellow button-like structure, looking like a small wart, on the aboral surface of the central disk of a sea star. Close up, it is visibly structured, resembling a "madrepore" colony. From this, it derives its name. The water vascular system of the sea star consists of a series of seawater-filled ducts that function in locomotion and feeding and respiration. Its main parts are the madreporite, the stone canal, the ring canal, the radial canals, the lateral canals, and the tube feet. The sieve-like madreporite allows entry of seawater into the stone canal, which connects to the ring canal around the mouth. Five or more radial canals extend from the ring canal, one in each arm above the ambulacral groove. From the radial canals extend many lateral canals, each of which leads to a tube foot. Each tube foot is a closed cylinder with muscular walls, having a sucker at the outer end and a bulb-like ampulla at its inner end within the body cavity. Wikipedia:Madreporite associated mesenchyme of otic placode EHDAA2:0001340 EMAPA:16196 UBERON:0009477 uberon associated mesenchyme of midgut EHDAA2:0001186 EMAPA:16256 UBERON:0009478 early midgut associated mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2:0001186 early midgut associated mesenchyme EHDAA2 ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane EHDAA2:0000190 EMAPA:16260 UBERON:0009479 uberon endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane EHDAA2:0000191 EMAPA:16261 UBERON:0009480 uberon cavity of pericardio-peritoneal canal EHDAA2:0001441 EMAPA:16283 UBERON:0009481 uberon associated mesenchyme of foregut-midgut junction EHDAA2:0000570 EMAPA:16364 UBERON:0009482 uberon mesentery of foregut-midgut junction EHDAA2:0000575 EMAPA:16365 UBERON:0009483 uberon dorsal mesentery of mesentery of foregut-midgut junction EHDAA2:0000571 EMAPA:16366 UBERON:0009484 uberon pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. Editor notes: this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. [MP:0011262] UBERON:0009494 branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme uberon UBERON:cjm pharyngeal arch mesenchyme cjm A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. UBERON:cjm EHDAA2 MP:0011262 branchial arch mesenchyme extrahepatic part of biliary bud EHDAA2:0000172 EMAPA:16562 UBERON:0009495 uberon EHDAA2 intrahepatic part of biliary bud EHDAA2:0000173 EMAPA:16563 UBERON:0009496 uberon EHDAA2 epithelium of foregut-midgut junction EHDAA2:0000573 EMAPA:16564 UBERON:0009497 uberon parietal of mesothelium of pericardio-peritoneal canal EHDAA2:0001409 EMAPA:16590 UBERON:0009499 uberon associated mesenchyme of otocyst EHDAA2:0001343 EMAPA:16670 UBERON:0009500 uberon EHDAA2 mesenchyme of fronto-nasal process EHDAA2:0004109 EMAPA:16683 UBERON:0009501 frontonasal mesenchyme naso-frontal mesenchyme the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head uberon MP:0011266 naso-frontal mesenchyme MP:0011266 frontonasal mesenchyme MP:0011266 the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head ventral mesentery of mesentery of foregut-midgut junction EMAPA:16714 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000576 UBERON:0009502 uberon associated mesenchyme of hindgut EHDAA2:0000780 EMAPA:16716 UBERON:0009503 uberon associated mesenchyme of main bronchus EHDAA2:0001045 EMAPA:16850 UBERON:0009504 uberon associated mesenchyme of trachea EHDAA2:0002067 EMAPA:16854 UBERON:0009505 uberon associated mesenchyme of middle ear Also 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme in EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0001182 EMAPA:17001 UBERON:0009506 uberon anal membrane endodermal component EHDAA2:0004020 EMAPA:17177 UBERON:0009521 uberon lateral lingual swelling epithelium EHDAA2:0000913 EMAPA:17190 UBERON:0009522 uberon mesenchyme of handplate EHDAA2:0000731 EMAPA:17248 UBERON:0009523 hand plate mesenchyme handplate mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0000731 handplate mesenchyme maxillary process mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001071 EMAPA:17361 UBERON:0009526 mesenchyme of maxillary process mesenchyme of maxillary prominence uberon UBERON:cjm mesenchyme of maxillary prominence EMAPA:17361 mesenchyme of maxillary process vascular element of left lung EHDAA2:0000963 EMAPA:17660 UBERON:0009536 uberon vascular element of right lung EHDAA2:0001757 EMAPA:17668 UBERON:0009537 uberon mesenchyme of sublingual gland primordium EHDAA2:0001937 EMAPA:17754 UBERON:0009538 uberon mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium EHDAA2:0001941 EMAPA:17757 UBERON:0009539 uberon hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001001 EMAPA:18309 UBERON:0009548 uberon hepatic sinusoid of right of lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001009 EMAPA:18316 UBERON:0009549 uberon endoderm of foregut-midgut junction EHDAA2:0000572 EMAPA:18403 UBERON:0009550 uberon distal segment of digit A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium). Newborn and adult mice are able to regrow forelimb (finger) and hindlimb (toe) digit tips after their amputation through the distal interphalangeal joint. Regeneration of the digit tip involves the integrated regrowth of multiple tissues within 2–3 months, reaching an external morphology that is cosmetically and functionally similar to normal digits. Most importantly, regeneration of the mouse distal digit shares morphological similarities with clinical cases documenting regrowth of missing distal portions of fingers in both children and adults UBERON:0009551 digit tip distal digit segment tip of digit uberon UBERON:cjm distal digit segment cjm UBERON:cjm tip of digit A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium). doi:10.1038/nature10346 UBERON:cjm digit tip distal segment of hand digit . OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjpf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SCTID:312543003 UBERON:0004093 UBERON:0009552 finger digit tip finger distal segment finger tip fingertip forelimb digit tip in SNOMED this is a surface region. Here we intend it to be the entire distal segment tip of finger uberon HP:0001211 fingertip doi:10.1038/nature10346 finger digit tip SCTID:312543003 tip of finger doi:10.1038/nature10346 forelimb digit tip UBERON:cjm finger distal segment UBERON:cjm finger tip . HP:0001211 distal segment of foot digit UBERON:0009553 hindlimb digit tip tip of toe toe digit tip toe distal segment uberon UBERON:cjm tip of toe doi:10.1038/nature10346 hindlimb digit tip doi:10.1038/nature10346 toe digit tip UBERON:cjm toe distal segment coffin bone UBERON:0009554 equine distal phalanx pedal bone the bottommost bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof capsule. The distal phalanx articulates with both the middle phalanx and the distal sesamoid, forming the distal interphalangeal joint uberon Wikipedia:Coffin_bone Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_phalanx pedal bone UBERON:cjm equine distal phalanx Wikipedia:Coffin_bone the bottommost bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof capsule. The distal phalanx articulates with both the middle phalanx and the distal sesamoid, forming the distal interphalangeal joint short pastern bone . UBERON:0009555 equine middle phalanx uberon . Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Middle_phalanx UBERON:cjm equine middle phalanx long pastern bone . UBERON:0009556 equine proximal phalanx uberon UBERON:cjm equine proximal phalanx . Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Proximal_phalanx coffin joint SCTID:196392002 UBERON:0009557 equine distal interphalangeal joint uberon UBERON:cjm equine distal interphalangeal joint pastern bone A bone that is part of the pastern region of a horse limb. UBERON:0009558 uberon A bone that is part of the pastern region of a horse limb. Wikipedia:Pastern metacarpal/tarsal-phalangeal joint Editor notes: We include these joints as being part of the digits; this is consistent with the FMA, and makes classification easier. Note that digit and metapodial regions are part-disjoint UBERON:0009559 fetlock metacarpo-tarsophalangeal joint metapodium-phalanx joint uberon UBERON:cjm metapodium-phalanx joint UBERON:cjm metacarpo-tarsophalangeal joint UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Fetlock fetlock pastern region of limb SCTID:370725009 UBERON:0009563 a part of the leg of a horse between the fetlock and the top of the hoof. It incorporates the long pastern bone (proximal phalanx) and the short pastern bone (middle phalanx), which are held together by two sets of paired ligaments to form the pastern joint (proximal interphalangeal joint) note that digit is used very generically in uberon, to include the homologous region in ungulates. Taxon notes: Anatomically homologous to the two largest bones found in the human finger uberon Wikipedia:Pastern a part of the leg of a horse between the fetlock and the top of the hoof. It incorporates the long pastern bone (proximal phalanx) and the short pastern bone (middle phalanx), which are held together by two sets of paired ligaments to form the pastern joint (proximal interphalangeal joint) distal limb integumentary appendage A nail, hoof or claw. MESH:A.13.491 UBERON:0009564 uberon unguis cjm A nail, hoof or claw. PMID:11710767 nail of forelimb digit FMA:54327 UBERON:0009565 finger nail fingernail nail of finger ncithesaurus:Fingernail uberon FMA FMA:54327 nail of finger FMA:54327 finger nail FMA:54327 fingernail intestinal submucosa FMA:15696 UBERON:0009566 submucosa of intestine uberon FMA:15696 submucosa of intestine FMA nail of hindlimb digit FMA:54328 UBERON:0009567 nail of toe ncithesaurus:Toe_Nail toe nail toenail uberon FMA:54328 toenail FMA FMA:54328 nail of toe FMA:54328 toe nail trunk region of vertebral column A collection of all skeletal elements in the subdivision of the vertebral column that is also part of the trunk. AAO:0000612 UBERON:0009568 XAO:0003077 ncithesaurus:Thoracolumbar_Region presacral region thoracolumbar region uberon AAO:0000612 presacral region AAO:0000612 thoracolumbar region A collection of all skeletal elements in the subdivision of the vertebral column that is also part of the trunk. UBERON:cjm subdivision of trunk FMA:25054 SCTID:22943007 UBERON:0009569 XAO:0000054 region of trunk trunk subdivision uberon FMA:25054 region of trunk FMA:25054 trunk subdivision spinal cord sulcus limitans EHDAA2:0001265 EMAPA:17584 UBERON:0009570 VHOG:0001548 spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans uberon EHDAA2:0001265 spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans ventral midline FBbt:00000093 In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate. UBERON:0009571 uberon FMA GOC:bf GOC:go_curators In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate. PMID:12075342 lumen of central canal of spinal cord A cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord. The central canal is contiguous with the ventricular system of the brain. The central canal represents the adult remainder of the neural tube. FMA:242845 UBERON:0009572 cavity of central canal of spinal cord central canal lumen uberon UBERON:cjm central canal lumen FMA:242845 cavity of central canal of spinal cord FMA-modified A cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord. The central canal is contiguous with the ventricular system of the brain. The central canal represents the adult remainder of the neural tube. Wikipedia:Central_canal FMA-modified sulcus limitans of fourth ventricle FMA:78496 In the floor of the fourth ventricle, the sulcus limitans separates the cranial nerve motor nuclei (medial) from the sensory nuclei (lateral). In the superior part of the rhomboid fossa, it corresponds with the lateral limit of the fossa and presents a bluish-gray area, the locus ceruleus (which owes its color to an underlying patch of deeply pigmented nerve cells, termed the substantia ferruginea). [WP] UBERON:0009573 ncithesaurus:Sulcus_Limitans s. limitans fossae rhomboideae sulcus limitans uberon FMA:78496 sulcus limitans In the floor of the fourth ventricle, the sulcus limitans separates the cranial nerve motor nuclei (medial) from the sensory nuclei (lateral). In the superior part of the rhomboid fossa, it corresponds with the lateral limit of the fossa and presents a bluish-gray area, the locus ceruleus (which owes its color to an underlying patch of deeply pigmented nerve cells, termed the substantia ferruginea). [WP] Wikipedia:Sulcus_limitans Wikipedia:Sulcus_limitans s. limitans fossae rhomboideae medulla oblongata sulcus limitans EHDAA2:0001100 EMAPA:17561 UBERON:0009576 uberon metencephalon sulcus limitans EHDAA2:0001161 EMAPA:17567 UBERON:0009577 uberon myelencephalon sulcus limitans EHDAA2:0001945 UBERON:0009578 uberon myelencephalon basal plate EHDAA2:0000646 EMAPA:17088 UBERON:0009579 VHOG:0000322 future myelencephalon basal plate todo - check EHDAA2 post-CNS-revision uberon EHDAA2:0000646 future myelencephalon basal plate diencephalon mantle layer EHDAA2:0000397 EMAPA:16906 UBERON:0009580 diencephalon lateral wall mantle layer uberon EMAPA midbrain mantle layer EHDAA2:0001172 EMAPA:16977 UBERON:0009581 midbrain lateral wall mantle layer uberon EMAPA spinal cord lateral wall EMAPA:17579 TAO:0000996 UBERON:0009582 ZFA:0000996 lateral wall spinal cord uberon ZFA:0000996 lateral wall spinal cord EMAPA spinal cord mantle layer EMAPA:17580 UBERON:0009583 spinal cord lateral wall mantle layer uberon EMAPA 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000034 EMAPA:16385 UBERON:0009584 UBERON:0010043 mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme of mandibular component uberon EMAPA:16385 mesenchyme of mandibular component UBERON:cjm mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch EMAPA interdigital region mesenchyme UBERON:0009585 uberon mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 of forelimb EHDAA2:0000846 EMAPA:17447 UBERON:0009586 interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2 mesenchyme uberon EMAPA EHDAA2:0000846 interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2 mesenchyme mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 of forelimb EHDAA2:0000849 EMAPA:17450 UBERON:0009587 interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3 mesenchyme uberon EMAPA EHDAA2:0000849 interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3 mesenchyme mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 of forelimb EHDAA2:0000852 EMAPA:17453 UBERON:0009588 interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4 mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2:0000852 interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4 mesenchyme EMAPA mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 of forelimb EHDAA2:0000855 EMAPA:17456 UBERON:0009589 interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5 mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2:0000855 interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5 mesenchyme EMAPA mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 of hindlimb EHDAA2:0000858 EMAPA:17478 UBERON:0009590 interdigital region between toes 1 and 2 mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2:0000858 interdigital region between toes 1 and 2 mesenchyme EMAPA mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 of hindlimb EHDAA2:0000861 EMAPA:17481 UBERON:0009591 interdigital region between toes 2 and 3 mesenchyme uberon EMAPA EHDAA2:0000861 interdigital region between toes 2 and 3 mesenchyme mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 of hindlimb EHDAA2:0000864 EMAPA:17484 UBERON:0009592 interdigital region between toes 3 and 4 mesenchyme uberon EMAPA EHDAA2:0000864 interdigital region between toes 3 and 4 mesenchyme mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 of hindlimb EHDAA2:0000867 EMAPA:17487 UBERON:0009593 interdigital region between toes 4 and 5 mesenchyme uberon EMAPA EHDAA2:0000867 interdigital region between toes 4 and 5 mesenchyme mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 UBERON:0009596 uberon mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 UBERON:0009597 uberon mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 UBERON:0009598 uberon mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 UBERON:0009599 uberon mesenchyme of interdigital region of forelimb UBERON:0009600 uberon mesenchyme of interdigital region of hindlimb UBERON:0009601 uberon left lung associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000944 EMAPA:16730 EMAPA:17654 UBERON:0009602 uberon right lung associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001739 EMAPA:17662 UBERON:0009603 uberon forebrain neural plate TAO:0007018 UBERON:0009610 ZFA:0007018 uberon ZFA midbrain neural plate TAO:0007019 UBERON:0009611 ZFA:0007019 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-070928-200 uberon ZFA forebrain midbrain boundary neural plate TAO:0007020 UBERON:0009612 ZFA:0007020 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-070928-201 uberon ZFA ZFA ZFA hindbrain neural plate TAO:0007022 UBERON:0009614 ZFA:0007022 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-070928-203 uberon ZFA midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate MHB neural plate TAO:0007044 UBERON:0009615 ZFA:0007044 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-070928-225 midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate todo: developmental relationships for lines uberon ZFA MHB neural plate UBERON:cjm ZFA:0007044 midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate ZFA presumptive midbrain TAO:0000148 UBERON:0009616 ZFA:0000148 presumptive mesencephalon uberon ZFA ZFA:0000148 presumptive mesencephalon ZFA head paraxial mesoderm Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. EHDAA2:0000736 EHDAA:364 EMAPA:16171 UBERON:0009617 cephalic paraxial mesoderm head paraxial mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2 UBERON:cjm cephalic paraxial mesoderm Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. PMID:21610022 EHDAA2:0000736 head paraxial mesenchyme EHDAA2 trunk paraxial mesoderm EHDAA2:0002094 UBERON:0009618 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0002094 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme tail bud paraxial mesoderm EHDAA2:0003239 UBERON:0009620 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 tail somite AAO:0010383 EMAPA:16860 UBERON:0009621 XAO:0003143 uberon pronephric proximal straight tubule A proximal straight tubule that is part of a pronephros. TAO:0002239 UBERON:0009622 ZFA:0001621 uberon A proximal straight tubule that is part of a pronephros. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071029-9 spinal nerve root FMA:14060 GAID:717 MESH:A.08.800.800.720.725 SCTID:362436008 The paired bundles of nerve fibers entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and autonomic preganglionic neurons. There are, however, some exceptions to this afferent/efferent rule. UBERON:0009623 ZFA has part_of to spinal cord but this causes spatial disjointness violations (CNS/PNS) ZFA:0005578 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve_Root root of spinal nerve spinal neural root uberon FMA FMA FMA:14060 spinal neural root FMA:14060 root of spinal nerve MESH:A.08.800.800.720.725 The paired bundles of nerve fibers entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and autonomic preganglionic neurons. There are, however, some exceptions to this afferent/efferent rule. lumbar nerve FMA:5861 The lumbar nerves are the five spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar vertebrae. They are divided into posterior and anterior divisions. UBERON:0009624 lumbar spinal nerve ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Nerve nervi lumbales uberon FMA:5861 lumbar spinal nerve Wikipedia:Lumbar_nerves nervi lumbales The lumbar nerves are the five spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar vertebrae. They are divided into posterior and anterior divisions. Wikipedia:Lumbar_nerves FMA sacral nerve FMA:5862 The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. Although the vertebral components of the sacrum are fused into a single bone, the sacral vertebrae are still used to number the sacral nerves. Posteriorly, they emerge from the posterior sacral foramina, and form the posterior branches of sacral nerves. Anteriorly, they emerge from the anterior sacral foramina, and contribute to the sacral plexus (S1-S4) and coccygeal plexus. UBERON:0009625 ncithesaurus:Sacral_Nerve nervi sacrales sacral spinal nerve uberon Wikipedia:Sacral_nerves nervi sacrales FMA:5862 sacral spinal nerve The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. Although the vertebral components of the sacrum are fused into a single bone, the sacral vertebrae are still used to number the sacral nerves. Posteriorly, they emerge from the posterior sacral foramina, and form the posterior branches of sacral nerves. Anteriorly, they emerge from the anterior sacral foramina, and contribute to the sacral plexus (S1-S4) and coccygeal plexus. Wikipedia:Sacral_nerves FMA coccygeal nerve FMA:5863 The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone. UBERON:0009629 coccygeal spinal nerve ncithesaurus:Coccygeal_Nerve nervus coccygeus uberon Wikipedia:Coccygeal_nerve nervus coccygeus FMA:5863 coccygeal spinal nerve The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone. Wikipedia:Coccygeal_nerve FMA root of thoracic nerve FMA:14064 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_836 UBERON:0009630 nerve root part of thoracic spinal cord thoracic nerve root thoracic neural root uberon FMA:14064 thoracic nerve root FMA:14064 thoracic neural root NIF:NIF nerve root part of thoracic spinal cord root of lumbar spinal nerve FMA:16421 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1613 UBERON:0009631 lumbar spinal nerve root lumbar spinal neural root ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Spinal_Nerve_Root nerve root part of lumbar spinal cord uberon NIF:NIF nerve root part of lumbar spinal cord FMA:16421 lumbar spinal nerve root FMA:16421 lumbar spinal neural root root of cervical nerve FMA:16422 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_955 UBERON:0009632 cervical neural root cervical spinal root ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spinal_Nerve_Root nerve root part of cervical spinal cord root of cervical spinal nerve uberon FMA:16422 cervical neural root FMA:16422 cervical spinal root NIF:NIF nerve root part of cervical spinal cord FMA:16422 root of cervical spinal nerve root of sacral nerve FMA:18028 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1518 UBERON:0009633 ncithesaurus:Sacral_Spinal_Nerve_Root nerve root part of sacral spinal cord root of sacral spinal nerve sacral neural root uberon NIF:NIF nerve root part of sacral spinal cord FMA:18028 sacral neural root FMA:18028 root of sacral spinal nerve root of coccygeal nerve FMA:18131 UBERON:0009634 coccygeal neural root coccygeal spinal nerve root root of coccygeal spinal nerve uberon FMA:18131 coccygeal spinal nerve root FMA:18131 root of coccygeal spinal nerve FMA:18131 coccygeal neural root parachordal cartilage Chondrocranium chondrification center that fuses with cartilages derived from sclerotome region of occipital somites forming occipital bone, hypoglossal canals and foramen magnum. TAO:0001423 UBERON:0009635 ZFA:0001423 ncithesaurus:Parachordal_Cartilage parachordal cartilages uberon ZFA:0001423 parachordal cartilages ZFA ZFA Chondrocranium chondrification center that fuses with cartilages derived from sclerotome region of occipital somites forming occipital bone, hypoglossal canals and foramen magnum. ISBN10:1588903958 UBERON:cjm ZFA prechordal cartilage Chondrocranium chondrification center that that forms anterior body of sphenoid, containing the sella turcica and posterior body of sphenoid. UBERON:0009636 uberon Chondrocranium chondrification center that that forms anterior body of sphenoid, containing the sella turcica and posterior body of sphenoid. ISBN10:1588903958 UBERON:cjm ZFA alisphenoid ossification center UBERON:0009637 alisphenoid center uberon orbitosphenoid ossification center UBERON:0009638 merge with sphenoid lesser wing cartilage condensation? orbitosphenoid center uberon body of sphenoid FMA:52867 The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum. UBERON:0009639 body of sphenoidal bone central body of sphenoid corpus (os sphenoidale) corpus ossis sphenoidalis sphenoid body uberon ISBN10:1588903958 FMA:52867 central body of sphenoid Wikipedia:Body_of_sphenoid_bone corpus ossis sphenoidalis FMA:52867 body of sphenoidal bone FMA The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum. Wikipedia:Body_of_sphenoid_bone FMA FMA:52867 sphenoid body FMA:52867 corpus (os sphenoidale) ISBN10:1588903958 hypophyseal cartilage UBERON:0009640 forms around the developing pituitary, and together with prechordal cartilages creates body of sphenoid bone uberon ISBN10:1588903958 forms around the developing pituitary, and together with prechordal cartilages creates body of sphenoid bone ansa lenticularis FMA:62070 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010011 The ansa lenticularis (ansa lentiformis in older texts) is a part of the brain, making up the superior layer of the substantia innominata of Meynert. Its fibers, derived from the medullary lamina of the lentiform nucleus, pass medially to end in the thalamus and subthalamic region, while others are said to end in the tegmentum and red nucleus. It is classified by NeuroNames as part of the subthalamus. UBERON:0009641 ansa lenticularis in thalamo ansa lenticularis in thalamus uberon ventral peduncle of lateral forebrain bundle FMA:62070 ansa lenticularis in thalamus FMA:TA ansa lenticularis in thalamo NIF_GrossAnatomy FMA:62070 ventral peduncle of lateral forebrain bundle The ansa lenticularis (ansa lentiformis in older texts) is a part of the brain, making up the superior layer of the substantia innominata of Meynert. Its fibers, derived from the medullary lamina of the lentiform nucleus, pass medially to end in the thalamus and subthalamic region, while others are said to end in the tegmentum and red nucleus. It is classified by NeuroNames as part of the subthalamus. Wikipedia:Ansa_lenticularis FMA mammillothalamic tract FMA:83849 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010016 The mammillothalamic fasciculus (mammillothalamic tract, thalamomammillary fasciculus, bundle of Vicq dbAzyr) arises from cells in both the medial and lateral nuclei of the mammillary body and by fibers that are directly continued from the fornix. The Mammillothalamic fasciculus then connects the mammillary body to the dorsal tegmental nuclei, the ventral tegmental nuclei, and the anterior thalamic nucleus UBERON:0009642 bundle of vicq d%27azyr bundle of vicq d%e2%80%99azyr fasciculus mammillothalamicus fasciculus mammillothalamicus mamillo-thalamic tract mammillo-thalamic fasciculus mammillothalamic fasciculus mammillothalamic tract thalamomammillary fasciculus uberon vicq d'azyr's bundle Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus thalamomammillary fasciculus FMA:TA fasciculus mammillothalamicus Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus bundle of vicq d%27azyr Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus fasciculus mammillothalamicus Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus mamillo-thalamic tract FMA:83849 mammillothalamic fasciculus FMA:83849 vicq d'azyr's bundle FMA Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus bundle of vicq d%e2%80%99azyr Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus mammillo-thalamic fasciculus The mammillothalamic fasciculus (mammillothalamic tract, thalamomammillary fasciculus, bundle of Vicq dbAzyr) arises from cells in both the medial and lateral nuclei of the mammillary body and by fibers that are directly continued from the fornix. The Mammillothalamic fasciculus then connects the mammillary body to the dorsal tegmental nuclei, the ventral tegmental nuclei, and the anterior thalamic nucleus Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus mammillothalamic tract central tegmental tract FMA:83850 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010012 The central tegmental tract is a structure in the midbrain and pons. The central tegmental tract includes ascending axonal fibers which arise from the rostral nucleus solitarius and terminate in the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of thalamus. Information from the thalamus will go to cortical taste area, namely the insula and frontal operculum. It also contains descending axonal fibers from the parvocellular red nucleus. The descending axons will project to the inferior olivary nucleus. This latter pathway will be used to connect the contralateral cerebellum. UBERON:0009643 uberon The central tegmental tract is a structure in the midbrain and pons. The central tegmental tract includes ascending axonal fibers which arise from the rostral nucleus solitarius and terminate in the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of thalamus. Information from the thalamus will go to cortical taste area, namely the insula and frontal operculum. It also contains descending axonal fibers from the parvocellular red nucleus. The descending axons will project to the inferior olivary nucleus. This latter pathway will be used to connect the contralateral cerebellum. Wikipedia:Central_tegmental_tract FMA trachea non-cartilage connective tissue MA:0001859 UBERON:0009644 uberon MA ampullary gland MA:0000400 UBERON:0009645 fusiform enlargement of the deferent duct, as it passes across the bladder wall, due to proliferation of glandular tissue in the regionally folded mucosa. ncithesaurus:Ampullary_Gland uberon fusiform enlargement of the deferent duct, as it passes across the bladder wall, due to proliferation of glandular tissue in the regionally folded mucosa. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ampullary+gland MA lumbar sympathetic nerve trunk MA:0001163 UBERON:0009646 ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Sympathetic_Nerve_Trunk uberon tympanic membrane epithelium MA:0001224 One of the two epithelia which make up the tympanic membrane (along with the fibrous layer) SCTID:70839004 UBERON:0009647 ncithesaurus:Tympanic_Epithelium tympanic epithelium tympanic membrane epithelial layer uberon One of the two epithelia which make up the tympanic membrane (along with the fibrous layer) PMID:11237469 UBERON:cjm MA:0001224 tympanic epithelium eyelid subcutaneous connective tissue MA:0001252 UBERON:0009648 ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Subcutaneous_Connective_Tissue uberon MA cortical arch of kidney MA:0001650 UBERON:0009650 cortical arch ncithesaurus:Cortical_Arch uberon MA:0001650 cortical arch MA nephron tubule basement membrane MA:0001680 UBERON:0009651 ncithesaurus:Renal_Tubule_Basement_Membrane renal tubule basement membrane uberon MA MA:0001680 renal tubule basement membrane bronchus basement membrane MA:0001832 UBERON:0009652 ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Basement_Membrane uberon MA trachea basement membrane MA:0001854 UBERON:0009653 ncithesaurus:Trachea_Basement_Membrane uberon MA-modified alveolar artery MA:0001913 UBERON:0009654 add child terms ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Artery uberon MA auricular artery MA:0001918 UBERON:0009655 add child terms ncithesaurus:Auricular_Artery uberon MA frontal artery UBERON:0009656 insufficiently defined true uberon labial artery MA:0001987 UBERON:0009657 add child terms ncithesaurus:Labial_Artery uberon MA pancreatico-duodenal artery . MA:0002013 UBERON:0009658 add child terms ncithesaurus:Pancreatico-Duodenal_Artery uberon . Wikipedia:Pancreaticoduodenal_artery MA spermatic artery MA:0002040 UBERON:0009659 add child terms ncithesaurus:Spermatic_Artery uberon adrenal vein MA:0002081 UBERON:0009660 ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Vein uberon MA midbrain nucleus Nucleus located in the midbrain. SCTID:279285003 TAO:0002209 UBERON:0009661 ZFA:0001665 uberon Nucleus located in the midbrain. ZFIN:curator hindbrain nucleus Nucleus located within the hindbrain. TAO:0002177 UBERON:0009662 ZFA:0001658 uberon Nucleus located within the hindbrain. ZFIN:curator telencephalic nucleus TAO:0002178 UBERON:0009663 ZFA:0001660 uberon gut mesentery EHDAA2:0004566 UBERON:0009664 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ventral mesentery EHDAA2:0004569 SCTID:361430000 UBERON:0009668 uberon EHDAA2 embryonic cloacal lumen EHDAA2:0004586 UBERON:0009669 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 rectal lumen EHDAA2:0004587 FMA:14598 UBERON:0009670 lumen of rectum uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 FMA:14598 lumen of rectum EHDAA2 nasal fin EHDAA2:0004548 The nasal fin is an epithelial seam that develops by fusion between the epithelial linings of the medial and lateral nasal swellings. Shortly after its formation the nasal fin regresses and is replaced by mesenchyme, with exception of its most posterior portion which remains as the bucconasal membrane. UBERON:0009671 uberon DOI:10.1002/aja.1001500308 The nasal fin is an epithelial seam that develops by fusion between the epithelial linings of the medial and lateral nasal swellings. Shortly after its formation the nasal fin regresses and is replaced by mesenchyme, with exception of its most posterior portion which remains as the bucconasal membrane. EHDAA2 EHDAA2 oronasal membrane EHDAA2:0000188 EHDAA:7840 EHDAA:7984 The oronasal membrane separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity. In humans, the oronasal membrane ruptures during the seventh week, producing a single, large oronasal cavity UBERON:0009672 bucconasal membrane split into two? uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA:7840 bucconasal membrane EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The oronasal membrane separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity. In humans, the oronasal membrane ruptures during the seventh week, producing a single, large oronasal cavity http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter24/custom3/deluxe-content.html accessory XI nerve cranial component EHDAA2:0000107 EHDAA:5574 EMAPA:17266 Editors/usage notes: May be obsoleted in future. WP states: Traditional descriptions of the accessory nerve divide it into two parts: a spinal part and a cranial part.[1] But because the cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve and serves the same function as other vagal nerve fibers, modern descriptions often consider the cranial component part of the vagus nerve and not part of the accessory nerve proper.[2] Thus in contemporary discussions of the accessory nerve, the common practice is to dismiss the cranial part altogether, referring to the accessory nerve specifically as the spinal accessory nerve. MA:0001089 UBERON:0009673 VHOG:0001174 uberon MA accessory XI nerve spinal component EHDAA2:0000108 EHDAA:5576 EMAPA:17160 MA:0001090 UBERON:0009674 VHOG:0001115 uberon EHDAA2 MA facial VII nerve chorda tympani branch EHDAA2:0000490 EHDAA:3719 EMAPA:18217 MA:0001092 UBERON:0009675 VHOG:0001343 uberon EHDAA2 telencephalic vesicle EHDAA2:0001981 EHDAA:1993 EHDAA:2671 UBERON:0009676 todo - all vesicles uberon tooth row Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row. TAO:0001667 UBERON:0009678 ZFA:0001642 row of teeth tooth rows uberon ZFA:0001642 tooth rows Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row. ZFIN:curator UBERON:cjm row of teeth set of lower jaw teeth EHDAA2:0001029 UBERON:0009679 lower jaw teeth uberon EHDAA2:0001029 lower jaw teeth EHDAA2 set of upper jaw teeth EHDAA2:0002129 UBERON:0009680 uberon upper jaw teeth EHDAA2:0002129 upper jaw teeth EHDAA2 middle cardiac vein EHDAA2:0004509 FMA:4713 UBERON:0009687 lesser cardiac vein ncithesaurus:Middle_Cardiac_Vein posterior interventricular vein uberon FMA:4713 lesser cardiac vein FMA FMA:4713 posterior interventricular vein posterior inferior cerebellar artery EHDAA2:0000660 FMA:50518 UBERON:0009688 ncithesaurus:Posterior_Inferior_Cerebellar_Artery posterior inferior cerebellar artery uberon FMA EHDAA2 FMA EHDAA2:0000660 posterior inferior cerebellar artery anterior inferior cerebellar artery EHDAA2:0000587 FMA:50544 UBERON:0009689 ncithesaurus:Anterior_Inferior_Cerebellar_Artery uberon EHDAA2 FMA EHDAA2 EHDAA2 FMA lumen of pharyngotympanic tube EHDAA2:0004118 Editors note: Check relationships for conformance with AAO and XAO FMA:60079 UBERON:0009692 auditory tube lumen lumen of auditory tube lumen of eustachian tube pharyngotympanic tube lumen uberon EHDAA2 cjm EHDAA2:0004118 auditory tube lumen FMA FMA:60079 lumen of eustachian tube FMA:60079 lumen of auditory tube FMA:60079 pharyngotympanic tube lumen EHDAA2/Kardong epithelium of laryngopharynx EHDAA2:0004575 FMA:62454 UBERON:0009695 epithelium of laryngeal pharynx laryngopharynx epithelium uberon FMA:62454 epithelium of laryngeal pharynx FMA:62454 laryngopharynx epithelium EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 epithelium of appendix EHDAA2:0004561 FMA:63581 UBERON:0009697 appendix epithelium epithelium of vermiform appendix uberon FMA EHDAA2 EHDAA2 FMA:63581 appendix epithelium EHDAA2 EHDAA2 FMA:63581 epithelium of vermiform appendix dorsal pancreas EHDAA2:0001371 FMA:79793 UBERON:0009708 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 cjm EHDAA2 ventral pancreas EHDAA2:0001393 FMA:79794 UBERON:0009709 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 cjm EHDAA2 endocardium of right ventricle EHDAA2:0002188 EMAPA:17341 Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. FMA:9536 UBERON:0009712 endocardial lining of right ventricle right ventricular endocardium uberon EHDAA2 FMA:9536 right ventricular endocardium Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. FMA:9536 FMA EMAPA:17341 endocardial lining of right ventricle endocardium of left ventricle EHDAA2:0002182 EMAPA:17338 Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve , aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta. FMA:9559 UBERON:0009713 endocardial lining of left ventricle left ventricular endocardium uberon Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve , aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta. FMA:9559 EMAPA:17338 endocardial lining of left ventricle FMA EHDAA2 FMA:9559 left ventricular endocardium intermaxillary process EHDAA2:0000868 UBERON:0009714 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 stomodeal cavity UBERON:0009715 uberon cupular organ Epithelial sense organ containing the cupula housing a gelatinous material elongated from the basement of the organ toward the atrial cavity. The basement of the cupular organ consists of two cell types: sensory cells and support cell Homology: possible homologues of neuromasts in the inner ear (Bone & Ryan, 1978; Wada et al 1998). In the tunicate cupular organ, the sensory cell is a primary neuron sending an axon to the CNS. The sensory cilium is within a deep indentation of the cell and is surrounded by a collar of short microvilli. UBERON:0009716 uberon DOI:10.2108/zsj.27.842 Epithelial sense organ containing the cupula housing a gelatinous material elongated from the basement of the organ toward the atrial cavity. The basement of the cupular organ consists of two cell types: sensory cells and support cell coronal organ Mechanoreceptor organ found in oral siphon of botryllid ascidians, made of hair cells, similar to the vertebrate octavolateralis system. A possible candidate of the vertebrate lateral line. UBERON:0009717 uberon DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21013 Mechanoreceptor organ found in oral siphon of botryllid ascidians, made of hair cells, similar to the vertebrate octavolateralis system. A possible candidate of the vertebrate lateral line. neurohypophyseal duct Embryonic duct that is the rudiment of cerebral ganglion and and neural gland of adult in the ascidians. Homology: candidate homolog for both neural crest and for the combined olfactory and adenohypophyseal placodes (Burighel et al., 2003; Manni et al., 2004a). Development: During formation of the adult ascidian, the ectodermal neurohypophyseal duct fuses with an evagination of the pharynx to form the neural gland rudiment UBERON:0009718 uberon DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21013 Embryonic duct that is the rudiment of cerebral ganglion and and neural gland of adult in the ascidians. siphon BTO:0002056 UBERON:0009719 tubular appendage for drawing or ejecting fluids uberon oral siphon UBERON:0009720 branchial siphon pharyngeal siphon uberon atrial siphon UBERON:0009721 uberon entire pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0004621 UBERON:0009722 pharyngeal arch endoderm uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0004621 pharyngeal arch endoderm sublaminar layers S3 or S4 CP:0001040 One of sublaminar layers S3 or S4. UBERON:0009731 uberon GOC:plr One of sublaminar layers S3 or S4. sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S5 CP:0001041 One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, or S5. UBERON:0009732 uberon GOC:plr One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, or S5. sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3 CP:0001042 One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, or S3. UBERON:0009733 uberon GOC:plr One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, or S3. sublaminar layers S2 or S3 or S4 CP:0001043 One of sublaminar layers S2, S3, or S4. UBERON:0009734 uberon GOC:plr One of sublaminar layers S2, S3, or S4. sublaminar layers S1 or S3 or S4 CP:0001044 One of sublaminar layers S1, S3, or S4. UBERON:0009735 uberon GOC:plr One of sublaminar layers S1, S3, or S4. sublaminar layers S3 or S4 or S5 CP:0001045 One of sublaminar layers S3, S4, or S5. UBERON:0009736 uberon GOC:plr One of sublaminar layers S3, S4, or S5. sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 CP:0001046 One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, S3, or S4. UBERON:0009737 uberon GOC:plr One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, S3, or S4. border of sublaminar layers S1 and S2 CP:0001038 The region extending out from the boundary between layers S1 and S2. UBERON:0009738 uberon GOC:plr The region extending out from the boundary between layers S1 and S2. UBERON:cjm border of sublaminar layers S3 and S4 CP:0001039 The region extending out from the boundary between sublaminar layers S3 and S4. UBERON:0009739 uberon GOC:plr The region extending out from the boundary between sublaminar layers S3 and S4. UBERON:cjm border between sublaminar layers A region of the retina corresponding to a portion of two adjacent substratum layers. UBERON:0009740 uberon A region of the retina corresponding to a portion of two adjacent substratum layers. UBERON:cjm tailbud stage Any of the developmental stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20 to stage 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36). UBERON:0009741 XAO:1000007 uberon XAO Any of the developmental stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20 to stage 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36). ISBN:0815318960 proamniotic cavity UBERON:0009742 the cavity of the developing embryo that is formed within the epiblast tissue prior to the closing of the proamniotic canal by the amniotic folds uberon MP:0011197 the cavity of the developing embryo that is formed within the epiblast tissue prior to the closing of the proamniotic canal by the amniotic folds visceral yolk sac cavity UBERON:0009743 the closed space containing the yolk, formed by the fusion of the edges of the embryonic epiblast (hypoblast) and later surrounded by the visceral yolk sac (hypoblast and visceral yolk sac mesoderm) uberon MP:0011201 the closed space containing the yolk, formed by the fusion of the edges of the embryonic epiblast (hypoblast) and later surrounded by the visceral yolk sac (hypoblast and visceral yolk sac mesoderm) lymph node medullary sinus UBERON:0009744 the channels in the lymph node medulla that separate the medullary cords and are crossed by a reticulum of cells and fibers and bounded by littoral cells; lymph flows through the medullary sinus from the cortical sinuses and into the efferent lymphatic vessels uberon MP:0011222 the channels in the lymph node medulla that separate the medullary cords and are crossed by a reticulum of cells and fibers and bounded by littoral cells; lymph flows through the medullary sinus from the cortical sinuses and into the efferent lymphatic vessels lymph node medullary cord UBERON:0009745 the dense rope-like structures of lymphatic tissue located between the medullary sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node uberon MP:0011224 the dense rope-like structures of lymphatic tissue located between the medullary sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node head fold SCTID:361453004 UBERON:0009746 the crescent-shaped, ventrally located fold of the embryonic disc at the future cephalic end of the developing embryo uberon MP:0011257 the crescent-shaped, ventrally located fold of the embryonic disc at the future cephalic end of the developing embryo tail fold SCTID:361439004 UBERON:0009747 the crescent-shaped, ventrally located fold of the embryonic disc at the future caudal end of the developing embryo uberon MP:0011258 the crescent-shaped, ventrally located fold of the embryonic disc at the future caudal end of the developing embryo cephalic neural fold EMAPA:16090 UBERON:0009748 the elevated margins of the neural groove that are located in the future cephalic region of the embryo uberon MP:0011259 the elevated margins of the neural groove that are located in the future cephalic region of the embryo limb mesenchyme UBERON:0009749 limb mesoderm the primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. uberon Geisha:syn limb mesoderm MP:0011261 the primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. spleen mesenchyme UBERON:0009750 the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen uberon MP:0011263 the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen cardiac mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004162 Editor note: decide whether to merge with cardiac mesoderm. Check start/end stages UBERON:0009751 the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures uberon EHDAA2 MP:0011264 the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures pancreas mesenchyme UBERON:0009752 the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas uberon MP:0011265 the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas adrenal gland cortex zone FMA:69086 MA:0001887 UBERON:0009753 region of adrenal cortex uberon MA FMA:69086 region of adrenal cortex blubber Lipid-rich, collagen fiber–laced blubber comprises the hypodermis and covers the whole body, except for parts of the appendages, strongly attached to the musculature and skeleton by highly organized, fan-shaped networks of tendons and ligaments. It can comprise up to 50% of the body mass of some marine mammals during some points in their lives, and can range from two inches (5 cm) thick in dolphins and smaller whales, to more than 12 inches (30 cm)thick in some bigger whales, such as right and bowhead whales SCTID:83953006 UBERON:0009754 a thick layer of vascularized adipose tissue found under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians. uberon Wikipedia:Blubber a thick layer of vascularized adipose tissue found under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians. Wikipedia spermaceti UBERON:0009755 uberon wax present in the head cavities of the sperm whale. Wikipedia:Spermaceti wax present in the head cavities of the sperm whale. spermaceti organ UBERON:0009756 uberon ambergris UBERON:0009757 a biliary secretion of the intestines of the sperm whale. uberon Wikipedia:Ambergris a biliary secretion of the intestines of the sperm whale. abdominal ganglion SCTID:280508003 UBERON:0009758 uberon proximal interphalangeal joint FMA:65022 PIJ joint PIP joint UBERON:0009767 uberon PIJ joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand PIP joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand distal interphalangeal joint DIJ joint DIP joint FMA:65024 UBERON:0009768 uberon DIJ joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand DIP joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand left common cardinal vein EHDAA2:0000304 FMA:70311 SCTID:361506000 Taxon notes: the left duct atrophies at metamorphosis in the lamprey (22)[PMID:20959416, S1] UBERON:0009769 common cardinal vein left uberon EHDAA2 FMA EHDAA2:0000304 common cardinal vein left precardinal vein FMA:70309 UBERON:0009770 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2-generalized precardinal vein left EHDAA2:0000127 FMA:70313 UBERON:0009771 left precardinal vein uberon FMA:70313 left precardinal vein FMA precardinal vein right EHDAA2:0004537 FMA:70312 UBERON:0009772 right precardinal vein uberon FMA FMA:70312 right precardinal vein renal tubule A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. UBERON:0009773 renal tubule (generic) tubule of excretory system uberon UBERON:cjm renal tubule (generic) A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. GO:0061333 GOC:dph GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 OBOL:automatic UBERON:cjm tubule of excretory system embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary UBERON:0009774 merge with presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary? uberon ZFA lateral medullary reticular complex FMA:72573 UBERON:0009775 lateral group of medullary reticular formation lateral medullary reticular group lateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata uberon FMA:72573 lateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata FMA FMA:72573 lateral medullary reticular group FMA:72573 lateral group of medullary reticular formation FMA intermediate reticular formation . TAO:0000219 UBERON:0009776 ZFA:0000219 uberon . https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3413098&group_id=36855 GOC:pr brainspan.org UBERON:cjm intermediate reticular nucleus ABA:IRN FMA:84336 UBERON:0009777 uberon pleural sac FMA:9690 SCTID:361996004 Serous sac, which has as parts the pleura and the pleural cavity. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left pleural sacs. UBERON:0009778 uberon FMA:9690 Serous sac, which has as parts the pleura and the pleural cavity. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left pleural sacs. FMA FMA cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle EHDAA2:0004168 EMAPA:16826 EMAPA:17324 FMA:84280 UBERON:0009779 cardiac muscle of right auricular region left atrium auricular region heart muscle uberon EHDAA2:0004168 left atrium auricular region heart muscle FMA EMAPA:16826 cardiac muscle of right auricular region cardiac muscle tissue of left auricle EHDAA2:0004169 EMAPA:16818 EMAPA:17318 FMA:84281 UBERON:0009780 cardiac muscle of left auricular region right atrium auricular region heart muscle uberon EHDAA2:0004169 right atrium auricular region heart muscle FMA EMAPA:16818 cardiac muscle of left auricular region dorsolateral prefrontal cortex The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC or DLPFC), according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46.[1] According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 – 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47.[2] These regions mainly receive their blood supply from the middle cerebral artery. With respect to neurotransmitter systems, there is evidence that dopamine plays a particularly important role in DL-PFC.[2]DL-PFC is connected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and to a variety of brain areas, which include the thalamus, parts of the basal ganglia (the dorsal caudate nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex, including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas UBERON:0009834 check dorsolateral prefrontal neocortex uberon The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC or DLPFC), according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46.[1] According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 – 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47.[2] These regions mainly receive their blood supply from the middle cerebral artery. With respect to neurotransmitter systems, there is evidence that dopamine plays a particularly important role in DL-PFC.[2]DL-PFC is connected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and to a variety of brain areas, which include the thalamus, parts of the basal ganglia (the dorsal caudate nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex, including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas Wikipedia:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex anterior cingulate cortex BTO:0004249 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_936 UBERON:0009835 the frontal part of the cingulate cortex, that resembles a 'collar' form around the corpus callosum, the fibrous bundle that relays neural signals between the right and left cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex, and appears to play a role in a wide variety of autonomic functions, such as regulating blood pressure and heart rate, as well as rational cognitive functions, such as reward anticipation, decision-making, empathy[1] and emotion. uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_cingulate_cortex the frontal part of the cingulate cortex, that resembles a 'collar' form around the corpus callosum, the fibrous bundle that relays neural signals between the right and left cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex, and appears to play a role in a wide variety of autonomic functions, such as regulating blood pressure and heart rate, as well as rational cognitive functions, such as reward anticipation, decision-making, empathy[1] and emotion. BTO fronto-orbital gyrus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1243 UBERON:0009836 fronto-orbital gyrus orbito-frontal gyrus orbitofrontal gyrus uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1243 fronto-orbital gyrus NIF lower rhombic lip Posterior portion of the rhombic lip contained within rhombomeres 2-8. Gives rise to several brainstem nuclei and choroid plexus. TAO:0001441 UBERON:0009840 ZFA:0001441 caudal rhombic lip uberon ZFA ZFA ZFA ZFA ZFA ZFA UBERON:cjm caudal rhombic lip ZFA ZFA ZFA Posterior portion of the rhombic lip contained within rhombomeres 2-8. Gives rise to several brainstem nuclei and choroid plexus. ZFIN:curator upper rhombic lip Anterior-most region of dorsal hindbrain within rhombomere 1, adjacent the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. TAO:0001442 UBERON:0009841 ZFA:0001442 cerebellar anlage presumptive cerebellum rostral rhombic lip uberon ZFA-def ZFA DHB:URL rostral rhombic lip ZFA:0001442 presumptive cerebellum ZFA ZFA Anterior-most region of dorsal hindbrain within rhombomere 1, adjacent the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. ZFIN:curator ZFA:0001442 cerebellar anlage acinus An acinus refers to any cluster of cells that resembles a many-lobed "berry," such as a raspberry (acinus is Latin for berry). The berry-shaped termination of an exocrine gland, where the secretion is produced is acinar in form, as is the alveolar sac containing multiple alveoli in the lungs. FMA:55588 UBERON:0009842 acini glandular acinus uberon An acinus refers to any cluster of cells that resembles a many-lobed "berry," such as a raspberry (acinus is Latin for berry). The berry-shaped termination of an exocrine gland, where the secretion is produced is acinar in form, as is the alveolar sac containing multiple alveoli in the lungs. Wikipedia:Acinus Wikipedia:Acinus acini prostate epithelial cord A solid cord of prostate epithelium. Complexity is conferred on the prostate during a postnatal development phase known as branching morphogenesis. Solid cords of prostate epithelium formed in utero elongate postnatally and their tips are bifurcated into primary, secondary, and tertiary branches in a pattern that is unique for each prostate lobe. Branching morphogenesis proceeds differentially for each of the three mouse prostate lobes (ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior) and is completed by about postnatal day 20 in mice, providing each lobe with unique glandular architecture [5]. It is important to note that the developing human prostate undergoes a similar series of morphogenetic events especially during prostatic bud formation, but gives rise to a mature glandular prostate that is unique from the rodent and features peripheral, central, and transitional zones[PMID:18977204] UBERON:0009843 cord of prostate epithelium epithelial cord of prostate uberon A solid cord of prostate epithelium. GO:0060527 OBOL:automatic PMID:18977204 PMID:18977204 cord of prostate epithelium urogenital sinus lumen EHDAA2:0002142 UBERON:0009844 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 urogenital sinus mesenchyme Androgen receptor (AR) activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth EHDAA2:0004061 UBERON:0009845 UGM uberon PMID:18977204 UGM embryonic cloacal epithelium EHDAA2:0004585 UBERON:0009846 cloacal epithelium uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0004585 cloacal epithelium EHDAA2 prostate field UBERON:0009847 a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop. prostate primordium uberon GO:0060515 GOC:dph PMID:18977204 a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop. PMID:18977204 PMID:18977204 zona limitans intrathalamica A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon. TAO:0001344 UBERON:0009848 ZFA:0001344 ZLI uberon A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon. GO:0022006 GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 PMID:11425897 PMID:16452095 Wikipedia:Zona_limitans_intrathalamica GO:0022006 ZLI tadpole stage UBERON:0009849 XAO:1000008 uberon wholly aquatic larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly of a frog or toad[WP]. XAO: The stages from feeding to the end of metamorphosis. Encompasses Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to NF stages 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages. ISBN:0471209627 ISSN:0003-276X Wikipedia:Tadpole wholly aquatic larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly of a frog or toad[WP]. XAO: The stages from feeding to the end of metamorphosis. Encompasses Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to NF stages 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages. nematode larva UBERON:0009850 uberon border of sublaminar layers S4 and S5 The intersection of sublaminar layers S4 and S5. UBERON:0009851 uberon GOC:tfm The intersection of sublaminar layers S4 and S5. border of sublaminar layers S2 and S3 The intersection of sublaminar layers S2 and S3. UBERON:0009852 uberon GOC:tfm The intersection of sublaminar layers S2 and S3. body of uterus FMA:17739 UBERON:0009853 corpus uteri ncithesaurus:Corpus_Uteri that part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the uterine tubes. uberon uterine body uterine corpus FMA UBERON:cjm corpus uteri FMA:17739 uterine body http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/corpus+uteri that part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the uterine tubes. FMA:17739 uterine corpus digestive tract diverticulum Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100316 UBERON:0009854 diverticulum of gut intestinal pouch uberon FBbt:00100316 diverticulum of gut Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. UBERON:cjm echinoderm gastric caecum The digestive tract of many metazoan invertebrates is characterized by the presence of caeca or diverticula that serve secretory and/or absorptive functions. With the development of various feeding habits, distinctive digestive organs may be present in certain taxa. This also holds true for sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), in which a highly specialized gastric caecum can be found in members of a derived subgroup, the Irregularia (cake urchins, sea biscuits, sand dollars, heart urchins, and related forms)... Homologous with the more or less pronounced dilation of the anterior stomach that is observed in most "regular" sea urchin taxa[PMID:20955602] UBERON:0009855 non-contractile pouch that is connected to the anterior stomach through a slit-like opening. This pouch is also well-connected to the haemal system through numerous haemal ducts within its connective tissue layer. uberon PMID:20955602 non-contractile pouch that is connected to the anterior stomach through a slit-like opening. This pouch is also well-connected to the haemal system through numerous haemal ducts within its connective tissue layer. sac UBERON:0009856 diverticulum pouch uberon cavum septum pellucidum BTO:0003447 FMA:61874 SCTID:180933005 Space enclosed within the laminae of the septum pelludicum, the membranous partition that seperates the frontal horns of the ventricle. contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that filters from the ventricles through the septal laminae. bounded anteriorly by the genu of the corpus callosum; superiorly by the body of the corpus callosum; posteriorly by the anterior limb and pillars of the fornix; inferiorly by the anterior commissure and the rostrum of the corpus callosum; and laterally by the leaflets of the septum pellucidum. In humans, present in 100% of fetuses, but over 85% of them fuse by 3–6 months after birth. UBERON:0009857 cave of septum pellucidum cavum of septum pellucidum cavum septi pellucidi fifth ventricle ncithesaurus:Fifth_Ventricle septum pellucidum cave uberon ventriculus septi pellucidi FMA:61874 septum pellucidum cave FMA-modified FMA:61874 cave of septum pellucidum BTO:0003447 Space enclosed within the laminae of the septum pelludicum, the membranous partition that seperates the frontal horns of the ventricle. contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that filters from the ventricles through the septal laminae. bounded anteriorly by the genu of the corpus callosum; superiorly by the body of the corpus callosum; posteriorly by the anterior limb and pillars of the fornix; inferiorly by the anterior commissure and the rostrum of the corpus callosum; and laterally by the leaflets of the septum pellucidum. In humans, present in 100% of fetuses, but over 85% of them fuse by 3–6 months after birth. Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum cavum septi pellucidi Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum cavum septi pellucidi FMA:61874 Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum fifth ventricle FMA:61874 ventriculus septi pellucidi FMA:61874 cavum of septum pellucidum outer fibrous layer of periosteum FMA:234354 UBERON:0009858 capsular layer of periosteum fibrous layer of periosteum outer fibrous layer of periosteum uberon FMA:234354 fibrous layer of periosteum FMA FMA:234354 outer fibrous layer of periosteum FMA:234354 capsular layer of periosteum endosteum FMA:32692 SCTID:57487002 UBERON:0009859 a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones ncithesaurus:Endosteum uberon Wikipedia:Endosteum a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones ascidian digestive gland ANISEED:1239655 UBERON:0009860 uberon ascidian neural complex . UBERON:0009861 uberon . PMID:21558186 ascidian cerebral ganglion UBERON:0009862 the CG appears to be a diencephalic brain. It originates mainly from the posterior sensory vesicle (Takamura 2002; Dufour et al. 2006) and shows endocrine activity. For examples, ascidian genes orthologous to GnRH and OT/VP, which are secreted from the hypothalamus and the NH, respectively, in vertebrates, are expressed in the cortex of the CG, suggesting that the NC is not distinctly compartmentalized as are vertebrate brains (Tsutsui et al. 1998; Kavanaugh et al. 2005; Kawada et al. 2008; Ukena et al. 2008; Kawada et al. 2009). Moreover, PC2 expression in the cortex of the CG supports possible endocrine activity (Sekiguchi et al. 2007). uberon ascidian ciliated funnel UBERON:0009863 uberon ascidian neural gland UBERON:0009864 assumed to be a pituitary homolog. Current data from the Ciona genome suggests that the ascidian NC, including the CF, is unlikely to be a pituitary-like endocrine gland, while it is necessary to examine other ascidians before drawing a final conclusion [PMID:21558186] uberon Hatschek's pit UBERON:0009865 a deep ciliated fossa on the dorsal midline of the buccal cavity (the region of the gut behind the mouth). Among other things, it secrets mucus which entraps food particles from the water[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Hatschek's_pit a deep ciliated fossa on the dorsal midline of the buccal cavity (the region of the gut behind the mouth). Among other things, it secrets mucus which entraps food particles from the water[WP]. Hatschek's nephridium UBERON:0009866 an unpaired kidney whose duct opens into the anterior pharynx. It can be seen as a deep ciliated fossa on the dorsal midline of the buccal cavity (mouth). Among other things, it secrets mucus which entraps food particles from the water[WP]. uberon Hatschek's diverticulum UBERON:0009867 uberon Hatschek's left diverticulum UBERON:0009868 uberon Hatschek's right diverticulum UBERON:0009869 uberon zone of stomach A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. Editor notes: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach FMA:14558 SCTID:245415005 UBERON:0009870 gastric zone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Regions_of_stomach.svg/500px-Regions_of_stomach.svg.png region of stomach section of stomach uberon Obol A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Stomach#Sections FMA:14558 gastric zone nephrogenic zone EMAPA:27721 MA:0002996 Taxon notes: see PMID:12761251 for description of nephrogenic zone in dogfish. UBERON:0009871 http://www.gudmap.org/Images/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/NZ.png nephrogenic tissue outer portion of the renal cortex. Site of formation of medullary and cortical elements. uberon metapodium region Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. Editors note: considering adding 'acropodial region' UBERON:0009877 metacarpal or metatarsal part of limb metacarpus/metatarsus metacarpus/metatarsus region metapodial segment metapodium uberon Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region MA:th UBERON:cjm MA:th mesopodium skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton UBERON:0009878 VSAO:0005022 basipodium basipodium skeleton carpal/tarsal skeleton mesopodium mesopodium skeleton uberon VSAO:0005022 VSAO:NI basipodium skeleton VSAO:0005022 VSAO:NI basipodium VSAO:0005022 VSAO:NI mesopodium The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton UBERON:cjm tarsal skeleton AAO:0000220 AO notes: we assume MA:tarsus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:ankle, with the tarsal bone being part of the former. XAO:tarsus is part of the hindlimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. EMAPA:25072 FMA:71339 GAID:1223 MA:0000050 SCTID:264228001 Set of endochondral bones of the hindlimb increasing freedom of movement of the autopodium and located between the zeugopodium (tibia and fibula) and the metapodium (metatarsals). UBERON:0009879 VHOG:0001160 VSAO:0005024 XAO:0003211 basipodium hind mesopodium hind mesopodium skeleton mesopodium set of tarsal bones tarsus uberon VSAO:0005024 mesopodium FMA:71339 set of tarsal bones VSAO:0005024 basipodium XAO:0003211 tarsus Set of endochondral bones of the hindlimb increasing freedom of movement of the autopodium and located between the zeugopodium (tibia and fibula) and the metapodium (metatarsals). VSAO:0005024 Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton) carpal skeleton AAO:0000201 AO notes: we assume MA:carpus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:wrist, with the carpal bone being part of the former. XAO:carpus is part of the forelimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. Taxon notes: The structure of the carpus varies widely between different groups of tetrapods, even among those that retain the full set of five digits. In primitive fossil amphibians, such as Eryops, the carpus consists of three rows of bones; a proximal row of three carpals, a second row of four bones, and a distal row of five bones. The proximal carpals are referred to as the radiale, intermediale, and ulnare, after their proximal articulations, and are homologous with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetal bones respectively. The remaining bones are simply numbered, as the first to fourth centralia (singular: centrale), and the first to fifth distal carpals. Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal. However, the vast majority of later vertebrates, including modern amphibians, have undergone varying degrees of loss and fusion of these primitive bones, resulting in a smaller number of carpals. Almost all mammals and reptiles, for example, have lost the fifth distal carpal, and have only a single centrale - and even this is missing in humans. The pisiform bone is somewhat unusual, in that it first appears in primitive reptiles, and is never found in amphibians. Because many tetrapods have less than five digits on the forelimb, even greater degrees of fusion are common, and a huge array of different possible combinations are found. The wing of a modern bird, for example, has only two remaining carpals; the radiale (the scaphoid of mammals) and a bone formed from the fusion of four of the distal carpals. In some macropods, the scaphoid and lunar bones are fused into the scaphollunar bone[14] [Wikipedia:Carpus#Evolutionary_variations] EMAPA:25056 FMA:71335 In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist. [WP,unvetted]. MA:0000040 UBERON:0009880 VHOG:0001161 VSAO:0005023 XAO:0003207 carpal bones carpal bones set carpus fore mesopodium fore mesopodium skeleton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Carpus.svg/200px-Carpus.svg.png ossa carpi ossa carpi set of carpal bones skeleton of carpus uberon FMA:71335 set of carpal bones In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Carpus MA:0000040 XAO:0003207 carpus EMAPA:25056 FMA:71335 carpal bones AAO:0000201 fore mesopodium Wikipedia:Carpus ossa carpi FMA:71335 carpal bones set anterior lateral plate mesoderm ALPM TAO:0005041 UBERON:0009881 ZFA:0005041 uberon ALPM ZFA:0005041 ZFA anal column FMA:15713 One of a number of vertical folds, produced by an infolding of the mucous membrane and some of the muscular tissue in the upper half of the lumen of the anal canal. They are named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni who also has several other eponyms named after himself[WP] SCTID:245444007 UBERON:0009882 column of Morgagni columnae anales ncithesaurus:Anal_Column uberon One of a number of vertical folds, produced by an infolding of the mucous membrane and some of the muscular tissue in the upper half of the lumen of the anal canal. They are named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni who also has several other eponyms named after himself[WP] Wikipedia:Anal_columns Wikipedia:Anal_columns columnae anales FMA:15713 column of Morgagni medullary ray A renal, cortical lobule, consisting of the ascending or descending limbs of the loop of Henle or of the collecting tubules; medullary rays are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla. BTO:0001155 FMA:74299 Ferrein's pyramid Termonology notes: Their name is potentially misleading -- the "medullary" refers to their destination, not their location. They are located only in the renal cortex, and not in the renal medulla. AO notes: FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex UBERON:0009883 kidney medullary ray renal medullary ray uberon MP:0011347 renal medullary ray Ferrein's pyramid MP:0011347 FMA MP:0011347 kidney medullary ray A renal, cortical lobule, consisting of the ascending or descending limbs of the loop of Henle or of the collecting tubules; medullary rays are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla. MP:0011347 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_ray_(anatomy) MP interlobar artery FMA only has the set term FMA:71637 One of a set of curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. UBERON:0009885 arteriae interlobares renis arteriae interlobares renis interlobar artery of kidney kidney interlobar artery renal interlobar artery uberon FMA:71637 interlobar artery of kidney MP:0011315 One of a set of curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries MP:0011355 renal interlobar artery Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries arteriae interlobares renis FMA:TA arteriae interlobares renis interlobar vein FMA only has the set term FMA:71631 The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. UBERON:0009887 interlobar vein of kidney uberon venae interlobares renis venae interlobares renis FMA:TA venae interlobares renis The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins venae interlobares renis FMA:71631 interlobar vein of kidney Koller's sickle Kohler's sickle UBERON:0009888 a local thickening of cells that acts as a margin separating sheets of cells from posterior margin of avian blastoderms from hypoblasts as they migrate anteriorly to push primary hypoblast cells anteriorly to form a secondary hypoblast known as the endoblast uberon PMID:9693154 Wikipedia:Koller's_sickle a local thickening of cells that acts as a margin separating sheets of cells from posterior margin of avian blastoderms from hypoblasts as they migrate anteriorly to push primary hypoblast cells anteriorly to form a secondary hypoblast known as the endoblast secondary heart field SHF Taxon notes: "In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11–14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested" [PMID:17276708] UBERON:0009889 XAO:0004186 anterior heart field anterior/second heart field extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract. second heart field uberon XAO:0004186 second heart field PMID:17276708 extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract. PMID:17276708 anterior heart field PMID:17276708 Geisha:syn anterior/second heart field PMID:17276708 SHF XAO:0004186 anterior intestinal portal UBERON:0009890 fovea cardiaca opening of the foregut into the midgut uberon fovea cardiaca http://www.drugs.com/dict/fovea-cardiaca.html http://www.drugs.com/dict/fovea-cardiaca.html opening of the foregut into the midgut facial mesenchyme UBERON:0009891 face mesenchyme mesenchyme of face uberon ascidian anterior sensory vesicle ANISEED:777309 UBERON:0009892 uberon ascidian ocellus ANISEED:874489 UBERON:0009893 uberon siphon primordium ANISEED:1210451 UBERON:0009894 uberon atrial siphon primordia ANISEED:1210456 UBERON:0009895 uberon oral siphon primordia ANISEED:1225922 UBERON:0009896 uberon right auditory cortex FMA:242654 UBERON:0009897 uberon left auditory cortex FMA:242656 UBERON:0009898 uberon pole of cerebral hemisphere The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. UBERON:0009899 polus frontalis, polus occipitalis, polus temporalis uberon Wikipedia:Poles_of_cerebral_hemispheres polus frontalis, polus occipitalis, polus temporalis The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. Wikipedia:Poles_of_cerebral_hemispheres root of optic nerve FMA:84573 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1328 TODO - check. See comments for optic tract. FMA also has medial root. UBERON:0009906 optic nerve root optic tract root root of optic tract uberon FMA:84573 root of optic tract NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1328 optic nerve root FMA:84573 optic tract root FMA sensory root of trigeminal nerve FMA:52611 SCTID:280188009 UBERON:0009907 radix sensoria (nervus trigeminus [v]) uberon Wikipedia FMA FMA:52611 radix sensoria (nervus trigeminus [v]) caudal root of abducens nerve TAO:0000179 UBERON:0009908 ZFA:0000179 radix caudalis nervi abducentis uberon ZFA ZFA:0000179 radix caudalis nervi abducentis rostral root of abducens nerve TAO:0000665 UBERON:0009909 ZFA:0000665 uberon ZFA posterior lateral plate mesoderm PLPM TAO:0005042 UBERON:0009910 ZFA:0005042 uberon ZFA ZFA PLPM ZFA:0005042 lobule FMA:45737 UBERON:0009911 ncithesaurus:Lobule uberon anatomical lobe FMA:45728 UBERON:0009912 uberon renal lobe Edtor note: todo - add has_part relationships. Taxon notes: human kidneys have multilobar (multipyramidal) architecture while mice and rats have unilobar (unipyramidal) kidneys[MP] FMA:17881 UBERON:0009913 kidney lobe lobi renales lobi renalis lobus renalis ncithesaurus:Kidney_Lower_Lobe the portion of a kidney consisting of a renal medullary pyramid and the renal cortex above it[MP]. It is composed of many renal lobules[WP]. uberon MP:0011381 Wikipedia:Renal_lobe the portion of a kidney consisting of a renal medullary pyramid and the renal cortex above it[MP]. It is composed of many renal lobules[WP]. http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis lobus renalis MP:0011381 kidney lobe Wikipedia:Renal_lobe lobi renales Wikipedia:Renal_lobe lobi renalis renal lobule Alternate definition: One of the subdivisions of the kidney, consisting of a medullary ray and that portion of the convoluted port (renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules) associated with its collecting duct. -http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobulus+corticalis+renalis FMA:17670 UBERON:0009914 cortical lobule cortical lobule of kidney kidney lobule lobuli corticales renis lobulus corticalis renalis lobulus renalis renal cortical lobule renculus reniculus renunculus the portion of a renal lobe consisting of nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct; human kidneys have multilobular, multipapillary architecture while mice and rats have unilobular, unipapillary kidneys uberon http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis reniculus MP:0011382 Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule cortical lobule http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis renal cortical lobule MP:0011382 kidney lobule FMA cortical lobule of kidney http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis MP:0011382 Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule the portion of a renal lobe consisting of nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct; human kidneys have multilobular, multipapillary architecture while mice and rats have unilobular, unipapillary kidneys http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis renunculus http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis renculus Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule lobuli corticales renis http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis lobulus corticalis renalis wall of ureter FMA:15888 SCTID:279397004 UBERON:0009916 uberon ureteral wall FMA:15888 ureteral wall kidney corticomedullary boundary NEW_MP:0011376 UBERON:0009917 the region demarcating the renal medulla from the surrounding cortex; end-stage renal failure may be associated with loss of the normal corticomedullary boundary uberon MP MP:0011376 the region demarcating the renal medulla from the surrounding cortex; end-stage renal failure may be associated with loss of the normal corticomedullary boundary retrotrapezoid nucleus NEW_MP:0011406 UBERON:0009918 the loose collection of neurons that reside in the rostral medulla close to the medullary surface, ventral and immediately caudal of nVII, that are crucial for CO2 sensing in the brain uberon MP:0011406 the loose collection of neurons that reside in the rostral medulla close to the medullary surface, ventral and immediately caudal of nVII, that are crucial for CO2 sensing in the brain MP ureter smooth muscle EMAPA:28844 UBERON:0009919 the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter uberon ureteral smooth muscle ureteral smooth muscle layer MP:0011426 the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter EMAPA:28844 ureteral smooth muscle layer NEW_MP:0011426 ureteral smooth muscle optic neural crest EHDAA2:0001315 EHDAA:1122 UBERON:0009920 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 hypophyseal tube UBERON:0009921 uberon clavicular air sac SCTID:2574004 UBERON:0009948 uberon humeral diverticulum of clavicular air sac SCTID:2574004 UBERON:0009949 uberon olfactory bulb plexiform layer NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090405 UBERON:0009950 check if the NIF class is actually a grouping class plexiform layer uberon NIF_GrossAnatomy NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090405 plexiform layer main olfactory bulb ABA:MOB The main olfactory bulb has a multi-layered cellular architecture. In order from surface to the center the layers are: Glomerular layer, External plexiform layer, Mitral cell layer, Internal plexiform layer, Granule cell layer[WP]. UBERON:0009951 uberon cjm The main olfactory bulb has a multi-layered cellular architecture. In order from surface to the center the layers are: Glomerular layer, External plexiform layer, Mitral cell layer, Internal plexiform layer, Granule cell layer[WP]. Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb#Main_olfactory_bulb subgranular zone UBERON:0009952 a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus, where adult neurogenesis occurs. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doublecortin_expression-2.png/600px-Doublecortin_expression-2.png uberon Wikipedia:Subgranular_zone a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus, where adult neurogenesis occurs. post-embryonic organism MA:0002405 UBERON:0009953 post-natal organism uberon UBERON:cjm post-natal organism vomeronasal system Editor note: check relationship to olfactory system. Evolution: The morphological components of the VNS are found only in tetrapods, but the genetic components of the system have been found in teleost fish, in addition to tetrapods. In tetrapods, the VNS was thought to be the olfactory system for detecting pheromones, while the main olfactory system detected general odorants (Scalia and Winans 1975). However, experimental evidence suggests that there is not such a clear functional distinction (Restrepo et al. 2004; Baxi, Dorries, and Eisthen 2006; Spehr et al. 2006; Kelliher 2007). Sea lampreys produce unique bile acids which act as pheromones both in migration and mate finding (Li, Sorensen, and Gallaher 1995; Li et al. 2002; Siefkes and Li 2004). However, bile acids in teleost fish are known to require components of the main olfactory signal transduction pathway (Hansen et al. 2003), and interruption of the VNS signal transduction pathway had no effect on bile acid olfactory response (Hansen et al. 2003)[Grus - EVOLUTION OF THE VOMERONASAL SYSTEM VIEWED THROUGH SYSTEM-SPECIFIC GENES] UBERON:0009954 a vertebrate nasal chemosensory system that is responsible for detecting intraspecific pheromonal cues as well as environmental odorants uberon neurogenic placode Cranial placode with neurogenic potential[cjm]. Neurogenic placodes are transient ectodermal thickenings that form at the border of the neural plate and epidermis and give rise to sensory neurons of the cranial ganglia[ZFA]. The neurogenic placodes give rise to parts of various nerves and ganglia, the olfactory organ, parietal eye, parts of the inner ear, and the lateral line. There are 2 major series of neurogenic placodes, the dorsolateral and ventrolateral or epibranchial[PMID] TAO:0001309 UBERON:0009955 ZFA:0001309 neurogenic placodes placodae neurogenicae uberon Cranial placode with neurogenic potential[cjm]. Neurogenic placodes are transient ectodermal thickenings that form at the border of the neural plate and epidermis and give rise to sensory neurons of the cranial ganglia[ZFA]. The neurogenic placodes give rise to parts of various nerves and ganglia, the olfactory organ, parietal eye, parts of the inner ear, and the lateral line. There are 2 major series of neurogenic placodes, the dorsolateral and ventrolateral or epibranchial[PMID] PMID:11523831 Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes ZFA:0001309 cjm ZFA:0001309 neurogenic placodes Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes placodae neurogenicae corpuscle of de Quatrefage A specialised sensory organ located in the subepidermal connective tissue at the rostral end of late larval and adult amphioxus. They consist of between 1 and 4 nerve cells with axons, each with 2 cilia, surrounded by up to 7 sheath cells. The cilia extend into a protrusion of the basal lamina which surrounds each corpuscle. The axonal process contributes to the rostral nerve. UBERON:0009956 organ of de Quatrefage uberon A specialised sensory organ located in the subepidermal connective tissue at the rostral end of late larval and adult amphioxus. They consist of between 1 and 4 nerve cells with axons, each with 2 cilia, surrounded by up to 7 sheath cells. The cilia extend into a protrusion of the basal lamina which surrounds each corpuscle. The axonal process contributes to the rostral nerve. PMID:11523831 ciliated pit Development: joins with Hatschek’s diverticulum to form Hatschek’s pit in the adult. Location: anterior to the mouth. UBERON:0009957 pre-oral pit uberon bladder lumen EHDAA2:0004058 FMA:15924 UBERON:0009958 bladder cavity lumen of urinary bladder uberon urinary bladder lumen FMA:15924 urinary bladder lumen FMA:15924 lumen of urinary bladder EHDAA2 FMA FMA:15924 bladder cavity FMA lumen of oropharynx EHDAA2:0004556 FMA:55095 UBERON:0009959 oropharyngeal cavity oropharynx lumen uberon EHDAA2:0004556 oropharyngeal cavity EHDAA2 FMA:55095 oropharynx lumen FMA esophagus smooth muscle circular layer FMA:67605 MA:0001574 UBERON:0009960 esophagus smooth muscle circular layer uberon MA FMA MA:0001574 esophagus smooth muscle circular layer esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer FMA:63573 MA:0001575 UBERON:0009961 esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer longitudinal muscle layer of esophagus uberon MA:0001575 esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer FMA FMA:63573 longitudinal muscle layer of esophagus MA excretory gland A gland that discharges its secretion through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body, as a lacrimal gland. BTO:0000431 UBERON:0009962 todo - child terms uberon A gland that discharges its secretion through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body, as a lacrimal gland. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource BTO antennal gland BTO:0000075 Editor note: consider also classifying this as a renal tubule - or separate terms for coiled/nephridial canal. Editor note: cede this term to Arthropod AO Excretory gland situated in the basal article of the antennal peduncle. It functions to rehulate ionic balance UBERON:0009963 green gland uberon BTO BTO BTO:0000075 Excretory gland situated in the basal article of the antennal peduncle. It functions to rehulate ionic balance UBERON:cjm crustacean maxillary gland Excretory organ in maxillary segment with duct opening on maxilla. Taxon notes: consider generalizing to include millipedes, centipedes. Function: Two different excretory organs are found among crustaceans: the antennal gland and the maxillary gland. Both have the same basic structure: an end sac and a convoluted duct that may expand into a bladder before opening to the outside. In most adult crustaceans only one or the other gland functions. The functional gland may change during the life cycle. Terminology note: http://crustacea.nhm.org/glossary/define.html?termID=327 suggests green gland as the generic term and antennal as the decapoda term. Editor note: cede this term to Arthropod AO UBERON:0009964 uberon BTO Excretory organ in maxillary segment with duct opening on maxilla. http://crustacea.nhm.org/glossary/define.html coxal gland SPD:0000116 TADS:0000080 Taxon notes: They are found in all arachnids (with the exception of some Acari), and in other chelicerates, such as horseshoe crabs. Homology: The coxal gland is thought to be homologous with the antennal gland of crustaceans. Editor note: cede this term to Arthropod AO UBERON:0009965 a gland found in some arthropods, for collecting and excreting urine. The gland comprises an end sac (saccule), a long duct (labyrinth) and a terminal bladder (reservoir). There is generally only one pair (two in some spiders), and they open on the coxae of the walking legs[WP]. uberon BTO Wikipedia:Coxal_gland a gland found in some arthropods, for collecting and excreting urine. The gland comprises an end sac (saccule), a long duct (labyrinth) and a terminal bladder (reservoir). There is generally only one pair (two in some spiders), and they open on the coxae of the walking legs[WP]. internodal tract FMA:9479 Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve. UBERON:0009966 evidence is sparse [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-483065798] There is some functional evidence for the existence of specialized conducting pathways within the atria (termed internodal tracts), although this is controversial[http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A003.htm]. Editor note: include 3 subtypes? interatrial conduction tract internodal conduction tract internodal fasciculus internodal tract muscle tissue uberon FMA:9479 internodal fasciculus FMA:9479 Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve. FMA FMA:9479 internodal tract muscle tissue spleen venous sinus FMA:62815 MA:0000761 See comments for UBERON:0003910 UBERON:0009967 ncithesaurus:Splenic_Sinus sinus lienalis sinus splenicus splenic sinus uberon venous sinus of red pulp of spleen FMA:TA sinus lienalis cjm MA FMA:TA sinus splenicus FMA:62815 splenic sinus FMA:62815 venous sinus of red pulp of spleen primitive superior sagittal sinus EHDAA2:0001527 EHDAA:9876 EMAPA:18636 UBERON:0009968 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 stato-acoustic epithelium Editor note: required by CL FMA:64804 UBERON:0009969 uberon FMA epithelium of pancreatic duct Editor note: in EHDAA2, the embryonic pancreatic ducts (dorsal, ventral) are classified as eithelial sacs, which would render them subclasses this FMA:67681 UBERON:0009970 pancreatic duct epithelium pancreatic ductal epithelium uberon FMA:67681 pancreatic duct epithelium FMA:67681 pancreatic ductal epithelium FMA-inferred principal gastric gland AO notes: FMA has this as part of both the fundus and the body, but these are largely spatially disjoint. FMA:14921 FMA:14923 UBERON:0009971 Wassman gland acid gland gastric follicle gastric gland glandula gastrica propria main gastric gland one of the gastric glands that secretes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice[Stedman's]. oxyntic gland uberon MP:0003892 gastric follicle FMA:14921 main gastric gland FMA:14921 oxyntic gland FMA:14921 glandula gastrica propria MP:0003892 http://www.drugs.com/dict/acid-gland.html one of the gastric glands that secretes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice[Stedman's]. MP:0003892 Wassman gland MP:0003892 gastric gland FMA acid gland http://www.drugs.com/dict/acid-gland.html ureteropelvic junction FMA:15898 UBERON:0009972 pelviureteric junction the junction between the ureter and the renal pelvis of the kidney uberon FMA:15898 pelviureteric junction MP MP:0011487 the junction between the ureter and the renal pelvis of the kidney ureterovesical junction FMA:15899 UBERON:0009973 the valve-like structure found at the site of entry of the ureter into the urinary bladder, normally displays an oblique angulation through the detrusor to avoid reflux of urine up the ureters and the kidney uberon MP:0011488 the valve-like structure found at the site of entry of the ureter into the urinary bladder, normally displays an oblique angulation through the detrusor to avoid reflux of urine up the ureters and the kidney MP lumen of Rathke's pouch EHDAA2:0004138 EHDAA2:0004139 Rathkes pouch invagination UBERON:0009974 adenohypophysis invagination uberon EHDAA2:0004138 Rathkes pouch invagination EHDAA2:0004139 adenohypophysis invagination remnant of lumen of Rathke's pouch UBERON:0009975 uberon hypothalamo-hypophyseal system A neuroendocrine system of neurons, fiber tracts, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels which produces and releases pituitary hormones into the systemic circulation. Editor notes: todo - check the meaning of the FMA term. Function notes: One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles[WP] FMA:70860 MESH:A.06.407.747.357 UBERON:0009976 hypophyseal portal system hypothalamo hypophyseal system hypothalamo-hypophyseal system uberon venae portales hypophysiales venae portales hypophysiales A neuroendocrine system of neurons, fiber tracts, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels which produces and releases pituitary hormones into the systemic circulation. MESH:A.06.407.747.357 Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system hypophyseal portal system MESH:A.06.407.747.357 hypothalamo hypophyseal system Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system venae portales hypophysiales Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system venae portales hypophysiales MESH:A.06.407.747.357 hypothalamo-hypophyseal system MESH natal tooth GAID:1267 MESH:A.14.254.860.700.500 Predeciduous teeth present at birth. They may be well formed and normal or may represent hornified epithelial structures without roots. They are found on the gingivae over the crest of the ridge and arise from accessory buds of the dental lamina ahead of the deciduous buds or from buds of the accessory dental lamina. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992) UBERON:0009977 natal teeth natal tooth uberon GAID:1267 natal tooth GAID:1267 natal teeth MESH:A.14.254.860.700.500 Predeciduous teeth present at birth. They may be well formed and normal or may represent hornified epithelial structures without roots. They are found on the gingivae over the crest of the ridge and arise from accessory buds of the dental lamina ahead of the deciduous buds or from buds of the accessory dental lamina. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992) GAID epicondyle . FMA:75435 SCTID:333209006 UBERON:0009978 epicondylus ncithesaurus:Epicondyle uberon FMA . Wikipedia:Epicondyle Wikipedia:Epicondyle epicondylus condyle FMA:75434 SCTID:91737009 UBERON:0009979 ncithesaurus:Condyle the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone[WP]. uberon Wikipedia:Condyle_(anatomy) the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone[WP]. FMA condyle of femur AAO:0000900 FMA:32855 UBERON:0009980 condylus femoralis condylus femoris femoral condyle fibular condyle uberon AAO:0000900 fibular condyle medial condyle of femur FMA:32858 SCTID:182056007 The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral (outer) condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera (a ridge running down the posterior shaft of the femur) turns into the medial supracondylar ridge. The outermost protrusion on the medial surface of the medial condyle is referred to as the "medial epicondyle" and can be palpated by running fingers medially from the patella with the knee in flexion. UBERON:0009984 c. medialis femoris medial condyle of the femur uberon The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral (outer) condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera (a ridge running down the posterior shaft of the femur) turns into the medial supracondylar ridge. The outermost protrusion on the medial surface of the medial condyle is referred to as the "medial epicondyle" and can be palpated by running fingers medially from the patella with the knee in flexion. Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur c. medialis femoris Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur c. medialis femoris Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur medial condyle of the femur FMA lateral condyle of femur FMA:32859 SCTID:182057003 The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. It is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters UBERON:0009985 c. lateralis femoris lateral condyle of the femur uberon FMA Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur c. lateralis femoris Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur c. lateralis femoris The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. It is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur lateral condyle of the femur lateral epicondyle of femur FMA:32867 SCTID:209275007 The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. Directly below it is a small depression from which a smooth well-marked groove curves obliquely upward and backward to the posterior extremity of the condyle. UBERON:0009986 e. lateralis femoris epicondylus lateralis (femur) lateral femoral epicondyle uberon The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. Directly below it is a small depression from which a smooth well-marked groove curves obliquely upward and backward to the posterior extremity of the condyle. Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur e. lateralis femoris FMA FMA Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur lateral femoral epicondyle FMA:32867 epicondylus lateralis (femur) FMA medial epicondyle of femur FMA:32864 SCTID:209172001 The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bone's distal end. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or "tendinous insertion", of the adductor magnus. This tendinous part here forms an intermuscular septum which forms the medial separation between the thigh's flexors and extensors. Behind it, and proximally to the medial condyle is a rough impression which gives origin to the medial head of the Gastrocnemius. UBERON:0009987 epicondylus medialis (femur) epicondylus medialis femoris medial femoral epicondyle uberon FMA:32864 epicondylus medialis (femur) FMA Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur medial femoral epicondyle Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur epicondylus medialis femoris The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bone's distal end. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or "tendinous insertion", of the adductor magnus. This tendinous part here forms an intermuscular septum which forms the medial separation between the thigh's flexors and extensors. Behind it, and proximally to the medial condyle is a rough impression which gives origin to the medial head of the Gastrocnemius. Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur FMA FMA condyle of humerus FMA:23377 SCTID:361778001 UBERON:0009988 condylus humeri the distal end of the humerus, including the trochlea, capitulum and the olecranon, coronoid and radial fossae uberon http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=19715 the distal end of the humerus, including the trochlea, capitulum and the olecranon, coronoid and radial fossae condyle of tibia AAO:0000899 One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia. SCTID:182062002 UBERON:0009989 tibial condyle uberon One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia. Wikipedia:Tibial_condyle AAO:0000899 tibial condyle medial condyle of tibia FMA:35445 SCTID:182066004 The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It is the site of insertion for the Semimembranosus muscle[WP]. UBERON:0009990 c. medialis tibiae condylus medialis (tibia) medial condyle of the tibia medial tibial condyle uberon Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia c. medialis tibiae FMA:35445 condylus medialis (tibia) The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It is the site of insertion for the Semimembranosus muscle[WP]. Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia medial condyle of the tibia Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia medial tibial condyle lateral condyle of tibia FMA:35448 SCTID:182067008 The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It serves as the insertion for the Biceps femoris muscle[WP]. UBERON:0009991 c. lateralis tibiae condylus lateralis (tibia) uberon Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_tibia c. lateralis tibiae FMA:35448 condylus lateralis (tibia) The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It serves as the insertion for the Biceps femoris muscle[WP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_tibia cranial sensory ganglion Editor note: check this - merge into cranial ganglion? WP: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia, appended respectively to cranial nerves VII, IX and X. Other ontology notes: has no subtypes in FMA FMA:5887 UBERON:0009992 cranial nerve sensory ganglion ganglion sensorium cranialium sensory ganglion of cranial nerve the ganglion found on the root of each cranial nerve, containing the cell bodies of afferent (sensory) neurons. uberon FMA:5887 ganglion sensorium cranialium FMA:5887 cranial nerve sensory ganglion http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cranial+sensory+ganglion the ganglion found on the root of each cranial nerve, containing the cell bodies of afferent (sensory) neurons. FMA cjm FMA:5887 sensory ganglion of cranial nerve primary chorionic villus A chorionic villus that is a solid outgrowth of the cytotrophoblast that protrudes into the syncytiotrophoblast. UBERON:0009993 ncithesaurus:Primary_Chorionic_Villus uberon ncithesaurus A chorionic villus that is a solid outgrowth of the cytotrophoblast that protrudes into the syncytiotrophoblast. http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm secondary chorionic villus A chorionic villus that is has a core of loose connective tissue, which in humans grows into the primary villi about the third week of development. UBERON:0009994 ncithesaurus:Secondary_Chorionic_Villus uberon A chorionic villus that is has a core of loose connective tissue, which in humans grows into the primary villi about the third week of development. http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm ncithesaurus tertiary chorionic villus Tertiary chorionic villi contain embryonic blood vessels that develop from mesenchymal cells in the loose connective tissue core. These blood vessels connect up with vessels that develop in the chorion and connecting stalk and begin to circulate embryonic blood about the third week of development in humans. UBERON:0009995 ncithesaurus:Tertiary_Chorionic_Villus uberon Tertiary chorionic villi contain embryonic blood vessels that develop from mesenchymal cells in the loose connective tissue core. These blood vessels connect up with vessels that develop in the chorion and connecting stalk and begin to circulate embryonic blood about the third week of development in humans. http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm ncithesaurus pulmonary neuroendocrine body NEB UBERON:0010002 corpuscular, organoid structures composed of PNECs, found as distinctive innervated clusters only within intrapulmonary airways, where they appear concentrated at airway branch points; NEBs reach from the basement membrane to the airway lumen and are thought to function as oxygen sensors. pulmonary neuroepithelial body uberon NEB NEW_MP:0010921 MP:0010921 corpuscular, organoid structures composed of PNECs, found as distinctive innervated clusters only within intrapulmonary airways, where they appear concentrated at airway branch points; NEBs reach from the basement membrane to the airway lumen and are thought to function as oxygen sensors. NEW_MP:0010921 pulmonary neuroepithelial body placental labyrinth villi UBERON:0010005 the vascularized and branched structures arising from the rodent trophoblast-derived epithelium that allow an increase its surface area for the efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes between the maternal and fetal circulation uberon MP:0011522 the vascularized and branched structures arising from the rodent trophoblast-derived epithelium that allow an increase its surface area for the efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes between the maternal and fetal circulation MP placenta intervillous maternal lacunae UBERON:0010006 the spaces of the placenta occupied by maternal blood, into which the fetal labyrinth villi project uberon MP MP:0011525 the spaces of the placenta occupied by maternal blood, into which the fetal labyrinth villi project placenta fetal blood space UBERON:0010007 the spaces of the placenta occupied by fetal blood, primarily within the fetal labyrinth villi uberon MP:0011526 the spaces of the placenta occupied by fetal blood, primarily within the fetal labyrinth villi MP mammalian cotyledon Rodents have a single cotyledon (called a discoid placenta), whereas humans have multiple cotyledons, although they are consolidated into a cluster that resembles a single disc[PMID:19829370] Round structure consisting of chorionic villi[PMID]. A separations of the decidua basalis of the placenta, separated by placental septa. Each cotyledon consists of a main stem of a chorionic villus as well as its branches and subbranches. The cotyledons receive fetal blood from chorionic vessels, which branch off cotyledon vessels into the cotyledons, which, in turn, branch into capillaries. The cotyledons are surrounded by maternal blood, which can exchange oxygen and nutrients with the fetal blood in the capillaries[WP]. UBERON:0010008 cotyledon ncithesaurus:Cotyledon uberon PMID:19829370 Round structure consisting of chorionic villi[PMID]. A separations of the decidua basalis of the placenta, separated by placental septa. Each cotyledon consists of a main stem of a chorionic villus as well as its branches and subbranches. The cotyledons receive fetal blood from chorionic vessels, which branch off cotyledon vessels into the cotyledons, which, in turn, branch into capillaries. The cotyledons are surrounded by maternal blood, which can exchange oxygen and nutrients with the fetal blood in the capillaries[WP]. Wikipedia:Placental_cotyledon aggregate regional part of brain A regional part of brain consisting of multiple brain regions that are not related through a simple volummetric part of hierarchy, e.g., basal ganglia[NIF]. FMA:256381 NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090509 UBERON:0010009 set of nuclei of neuraxis uberon NIF FMA:256381 set of nuclei of neuraxis A regional part of brain consisting of multiple brain regions that are not related through a simple volummetric part of hierarchy, e.g., basal ganglia[NIF]. NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090509 basal nucleus of telencephalon AO notes: MA has basal nucleus as synonym for BG. Function notes: rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase[WP]. Location notes: The NBM is inferior to the globus pallidus and within an area known as the substantia innominata FMA:61887 Meynert's nucleus NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107 Subdivision of telencephalon which is actually several islands of neurons lying within the substantia innominata, located ventral to the basal ganglia and anterior to the hypothalamus. UBERON:0010010 basal magnocellular nucleus (substantia innominata) basal nuclei of Meynert basal nucleus basal nucleus of Meynert basal substance of telencephalon ganglion of Meynert nucleus basalis nucleus basalis of Meynert nucleus basalis telencephali substantia basalis telencephali uberon FMA:61887 basal magnocellular nucleus (substantia innominata) NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107 nucleus basalis NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107 nucleus basalis of Meynert FMA:61887 Meynert's nucleus FMA:61887 ganglion of Meynert FMA:61887 basal nuclei of Meynert Wikipedia:Nucleus_basalis_of_Meynert nucleus basalis telencephali NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107 basal nucleus WP FMA:61887 basal substance of telencephalon FMA:61887 basal nucleus of Meynert FMA:TA substantia basalis telencephali FMA:61887 Subdivision of telencephalon which is actually several islands of neurons lying within the substantia innominata, located ventral to the basal ganglia and anterior to the hypothalamus. Wikipedia:Nucleus_basalis_of_Meynert collection of basal ganglia BM:Tel-BG Editor note: it is necessary to introduce two classes, one representing an individual basal ganglion, another representing the aggregate structure, in order to have consistent classification amongst AOs (e.g. in MA the aygdala is part of the BG, in FMA and BTO it is a subclass). Apart from achieving this consistency, the value of having two distinct classes is questionable, since the BG-plural is trivially the collection of all BGs-singular. it would be better for all AOs to decide on one single way of doing this. Do not merge until this is done. FMA:84013 GAID:617 MA:0000184 MESH:A.08.186.211.730.885.105 NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_826 UBERON:0010011 basal ganglia basal ganglia set ncithesaurus:Basal_Ganglia set of basal ganglia uberon FMA FMA FMA:84013 basal ganglia set NIF FMA:84013 set of basal ganglia FMA:84013 basal ganglia upper beak UBERON:0010012 maxillary beak uberon upper mandible upper mandible lower beak UBERON:0010013 lower mandible mandibular beak uberon lower mandible epigonal organ An elongate paired tissue ventral to the kidneys and partialy enveloping the anterior gonads in Elasmobranchii. Apparently important to the immune system UBERON:0010014 subgonal organ uberon An elongate paired tissue ventral to the kidneys and partialy enveloping the anterior gonads in Elasmobranchii. Apparently important to the immune system http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=epigonal+organ ventral patch of Leydig's organ UBERON:0010015 uberon spiral valve of intestine UBERON:0010016 uberon cjm spiral valve of cystic duct FMA:15855 Heister's valve SCTID:270125000 UBERON:0010017 a series of crescentic folds of mucous membrane somewhat spirally arranged on the interior of the gallbladder and continuing into the cystic duct plica spiralis plica spiralis (ductus cysticus) spiral fold of cystic duct uberon valve of Heister FMA FMA:15855 plica spiralis (ductus cysticus) Wikipedia:Spiral_valves_of_Heister a series of crescentic folds of mucous membrane somewhat spirally arranged on the interior of the gallbladder and continuing into the cystic duct http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/spiral+valve FMA:TA plica spiralis FMA:15855 Heister's valve FMA:15855 spiral fold of cystic duct spiral valve of conus arteriosus AAO:0010251 Taxon notes: many dipnoans and amphibians. Evolution notes: The spiral valve is considered to have evolved from the right member of the four embryonic endocardial ridges (Goodrich, 1930 - via Morris 1974) The spiral valve alternately blocks & unblocks the entrances to the left and right pulmonary arches (sending unoxygenated blood to the skin & lungs). UBERON:0010018 http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter21/medialib/Kardong_fig_12_29.html uberon cjm The spiral valve alternately blocks & unblocks the entrances to the left and right pulmonary arches (sending unoxygenated blood to the skin & lungs). http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes9.html AAO spiracle Taxon notes: The spiracle is still found in all cartilaginous fish except chimaeras, and in bony fishes in the coelacanth, sturgeon, paddlefish and bichirs. It is also seen as an otic notch in the skull of the extinct labyrinthodonts, and is thought to be associated with the ear opening in amniotes and frogs[WP]. In elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), a spiracle is found behind each eye, and is often used to pump water through the gills while the animal is at rest (Fouts, 2003). A spiracle is also found in primitive bony fishes as the chirrups. TODO - check GO:0035277-spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system - taxon constraint in GO UBERON:0010019 a small hole behind each eye that opens to the mouth in some fish. In the primitive jawless fish the first gill opening immediately behind the mouth is essentially similar to the other gill openings. uberon vertebrate spiracle ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Spiracle#Vertebrates a small hole behind each eye that opens to the mouth in some fish. In the primitive jawless fish the first gill opening immediately behind the mouth is essentially similar to the other gill openings. cjm tubotympanic recess epithelium EHDAA2:0004115 The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity. UBERON:0010020 uberon EHDAA2 The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Tubotympanic_recess MA EHDAA2 ISBN10:0073040584 PMID:11237469 dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 1 Development notes: in humans, dorsal diverticulum deepens as the tubotympanic recess to form the auditory tube[ISBN10:1607950324] UBERON:0010021 uberon ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 1 Development notes: in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue[ISBN10:1607950324] UBERON:0010022 uberon dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2 Development notes: in humans, persists as the tonsillar fossa - the endodermal lining covers the mesodermal lymphatic tissue to form the palatine tonsil[ISBN10:1607950324] UBERON:0010023 uberon ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 2 Development notes: in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue[ISBN10:1607950324] UBERON:0010024 uberon dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3 EHDAA2:0000409 EMAPA:16758 UBERON:0010025 dorsal 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0000409 dorsal 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3 EHDAA2:0002173 EMAPA:16759 UBERON:0010026 uberon ventral 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0002173 ventral 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm EHDAA2 dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4 UBERON:0010027 uberon ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 4 UBERON:0010028 uberon dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 5 UBERON:0010029 uberon ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 5 UBERON:0010030 uberon 6th arch mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004076 UBERON:0010031 uberon anterior part of tongue AO notes: check NCIT. Development notes: The lateral lingual swellings grow and fuse with eachother, encompassing the tuberculum impar to provide the ectodermally derived mucosa of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue FMA:229084 The portion of the tongue in front of the terminal sulcus. At the apex, thin and narrow, it is directed forward against the lingual surfaces of the lower incisor teeth. It is derived primarily from the first pharyngeal arch. UBERON:0010032 anterior 2/3 of the tongue anterior 2/3 of tongue anterior two thirds of the tongue apex linguae apex of the tongue buccal part of the tongue front of the tongue ncithesaurus:Apex_of_the_Tongue oral part of the tongue pars anterior dorsi linguae uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue apex of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue oral part of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue anterior 2/3 of tongue The portion of the tongue in front of the terminal sulcus. At the apex, thin and narrow, it is directed forward against the lingual surfaces of the lower incisor teeth. It is derived primarily from the first pharyngeal arch. Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue front of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue pars anterior dorsi linguae Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue anterior 2/3 of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue anterior two thirds of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue buccal part of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue apex linguae posterior part of tongue FMA:54645 The Posterior tongue, or pharyngeal part, is the part of the tongue behind the terminal sulcus. At its root, it is directed backward, and connected with the hyoid bone by the Hyoglossi and Genioglossi muscles and the hyoglossal membrane; with the epiglottis by three folds (glossoepiglottic) of mucous membrane; with the soft palate by the glossopalatine arches; and with the pharynx by the Constrictores pharyngis superiores and the mucous membrane. It is derived primarily from the third pharyngeal arch. (The second arch has a substantial contribution during fetal development, but this later atrophies. The fourth arch may also contribute, depending upon how the boundaries of the tongue are defined.) UBERON:0010033 base of the tongue ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Tongue pars posterior (dorsum linguae) pars posterior dorsi linguae pars posterior linguae pars postsulcalis (dorsum linguae) pharyngeal part of the tongue pharyngeal part of tongue pharyngeal portion of dorsum of tongue posterior 1/3 of the tongue posterior part of dorsum of tongue posterior third of tongue postsulcal part of dorsum of tongue radix linguae uberon Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue pharyngeal part of the tongue FMA:54645 pars postsulcalis (dorsum linguae) FMA:TA pars posterior linguae FMA:54645 postsulcal part of dorsum of tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue radix linguae Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue posterior 1/3 of the tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue base of the tongue FMA:54645 posterior part of dorsum of tongue The Posterior tongue, or pharyngeal part, is the part of the tongue behind the terminal sulcus. At its root, it is directed backward, and connected with the hyoid bone by the Hyoglossi and Genioglossi muscles and the hyoglossal membrane; with the epiglottis by three folds (glossoepiglottic) of mucous membrane; with the soft palate by the glossopalatine arches; and with the pharynx by the Constrictores pharyngis superiores and the mucous membrane. It is derived primarily from the third pharyngeal arch. (The second arch has a substantial contribution during fetal development, but this later atrophies. The fourth arch may also contribute, depending upon how the boundaries of the tongue are defined.) Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue FMA:54645 pharyngeal part of tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue posterior third of tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue pars posterior dorsi linguae Wikipedia FMA FMA:54645 pharyngeal portion of dorsum of tongue FMA:54645 pars posterior (dorsum linguae) copula linguae A single midventral prominence deriving from the ventral bases of pharyngeal arches 2, 3 and 4 - provides the covering of the posterior of the tongue //The furcula is at first separated from the tuberculum impar by a depression, but later by a ridge, the copula, formed by the forward growth and fusion of the ventral ends of the second, third, and part of the fourth branchial arches[WP]. EHDAA2:0004611 SCTID:361424000 UBERON:0010034 add new term for Hypobranchial_eminence? copula copula linguae uberon EHDAA2 A single midventral prominence deriving from the ventral bases of pharyngeal arches 2, 3 and 4 - provides the covering of the posterior of the tongue //The furcula is at first separated from the tuberculum impar by a depression, but later by a ridge, the copula, formed by the forward growth and fusion of the ventral ends of the second, third, and part of the fourth branchial arches[WP]. Wikipedia:Copula_linguae EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0004611 copula Wikipedia:Copula_linguae copula linguae anterior tegmental nucleus ABA:AT MA:0001055 UBERON:0010036 a group of cells located ventral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ) uberon a group of cells located ventral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ) http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1115 ABA MA fundic gastric gland Editor notes: Consider FMA:14923 SCTID:268338004 The fundus glands (or fundic glands, or gastric glands) are found in the body and fundus of the stomach. They are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct. UBERON:0010038 fundal gland fundus gland gastric fundal gland gastric fundus gland gastric gland of fundus of stomach glandulae gastricae ncithesaurus:Fundic_Gland uberon Wikipedia:Fundic_glands glandulae gastricae The fundus glands (or fundic glands, or gastric glands) are found in the body and fundus of the stomach. They are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct. Wikipedia:Fundic_glands food storage organ An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food TADS:0000172 TGMA:0001041 This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates UBERON:0010039 uberon An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food UBERON:cjm stomach non-glandular epithelium Am epithelium that lines the stomach which lacks glands. In addition to a glandular epithelium, the stomachs of some vertebrates also has a second region characterized by a nonglandular epithelium, devoid of gastric glands. Editor notes: OWL definition to be added later. Taxon notes: this region may develop from the base of the esophagus (some herbivores) - in rodents, loss of the gastric glands in the mucosa leavea a nonglandular epithelial stomach in which smooth muscle contractions knead and mix digesta. This can be keratinized. UBERON:0010040 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mammalian_Stomachs_remake.png/650px-Mammalian_Stomachs_remake.png stomach aglandular epithelium uberon Am epithelium that lines the stomach which lacks glands. In addition to a glandular epithelium, the stomachs of some vertebrates also has a second region characterized by a nonglandular epithelium, devoid of gastric glands. ISBN10:0073040584 median ovary Taxon notes: In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[Wikipedia:Ovary#In_other_animals] UBERON:0010041 uberon 1st arch mesenchyme EMAPA:16128 UBERON:0010042 mesenchyme of 1st arch uberon EMAPA:16128 mesenchyme of 1st arch 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000041 UBERON:0010045 uberon entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001459 EMAPA:16550 The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. UBERON:0010046 associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme uberon EHDAA2 EMAPA:16550 associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region cjm EHDAA2:0001459 pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme UBERON:cjm entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. UBERON:cjm EHDAA2 oral gland Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here UBERON:0010047 uberon Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. ISBN10:0073040584 Duvernoy's gland A gland situated on the upper lip found in non-venomous snakes. Releases secretion via duct adjacent to posterior maxillary teeth. UBERON:0010048 uberon A gland situated on the upper lip found in non-venomous snakes. Releases secretion via duct adjacent to posterior maxillary teeth. ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Duvernoy's_gland supralabial gland Glandular tissue present in lips of reptiles. UBERON:0010049 uberon Glandular tissue present in lips of reptiles. ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Duvernoy's_gland infralabial gland Glandular tissue present in lips of reptiles. UBERON:0010050 uberon Glandular tissue present in lips of reptiles. ISBN10:0073040584 Wikipedia:Duvernoy's_gland dorsal patch of Leydig's organ UBERON:0010051 uberon mucosa of dorsum of tongue Editor notes: check surface terms. Development notes: develops fungiform papillae by WNT induction at 11 weeks pc in human. Filiform papillae develop later. ISBN10:1607950324 FMA:74871 SCTID:245835003 UBERON:0010052 mucosa of dorsal surface of tongue uberon echolocation organ UBERON:0010053 uberon malleus cartilage condensation EMAPA:18229 UBERON:0010054 uberon stapes cartilage condensation EMAPA:18230 TODO - check relationship to Recihert's UBERON:0010055 uberon future tongue EHDAA2:0000696 EHDAA:2951 UBERON:0010056 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA hypopharyngeal eminence EHDAA2:0000799 EMAPA:17352 SCTID:361420009 UBERON:0010057 hypobranchial eminence uberon EHDAA2 EMAPA:17352 OBOL:automatic hypobranchial eminence EHDAA2 hypoglossal cord EHDAA2:0004610 UBERON:0010059 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 pharyngeal opening of pharyngotympanic tube FMA:54979 On the lateral wall of the nasal part of the pharynx is the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube (pharyngeal ostium), somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane. UBERON:0010060 ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae ostium pharyngeum tubae auditoriae pharyngeal opening of auditory tube pharyngeal opening of eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube pharyngeal orifice of eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice of pharyngotympanic tube pharyngeal ostium pharyngeal ostium of auditory tube pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube pharyngeal ostium of pharyngotympanic tube pharyngeal tubal ostium uberon FMA:54979 pharyngeal ostium of pharyngotympanic tube FMA:54979 pharyngeal ostium of auditory tube FMA:54979 pharyngeal tubal ostium On the lateral wall of the nasal part of the pharynx is the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube (pharyngeal ostium), somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_opening_of_auditory_tube Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_opening_of_auditory_tube ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae FMA:54979 pharyngeal orifice of eustachian tube FMA:54979 pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_opening_of_auditory_tube pharyngeal ostium FMA:54979 pharyngeal orifice of pharyngotympanic tube FMA:54979 pharyngeal opening of eustachian tube FMA:54979 pharyngeal opening of auditory tube FMA:TA ostium pharyngeum tubae auditoriae FMA:TA ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae FMA:54979 pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube lumen of nasopharynx FMA:55094 UBERON:0010061 nasopharyngeal luman nasopharynx cavity nasopharynx lumen uberon FMA FMA:55094 nasopharynx lumen pharyngotympanic tube epithelium EHDAA2:0004117 UBERON:0010062 auditory tube epithelium eustachian tube epithelium uberon cjm EHDAA2 EHDAA2 UBERON:cjm eustachian tube epithelium EHDAA2:0004117 auditory tube epithelium tympanic cavity epithelium EHDAA2:0004116 UBERON:0010063 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 open anatomical space An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. EHDAA2:0004616 UBERON:0010064 uberon EHDAA2 AEO:0000221 An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. auditory meatus epithelium EHDAA2:0004114 UBERON:0010065 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 PMID:16313389 tympanic plate FMA:52880 The tympanic part of the temporal bone is a curved plate of bone lying below the squama and in front of the mastoid process. UBERON:0010066 homologous to angular[WP] pars tympanica pars tympanica (os temporale) pars tympanica ossis temporalis tympanic bone tympanic part tympanic part of temporal bone uberon The tympanic part of the temporal bone is a curved plate of bone lying below the squama and in front of the mastoid process. Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone tympanic bone FMA:52880 pars tympanica (os temporale) FMA:52880 tympanic part of temporal bone Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone tympanic part Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone pars tympanica cjm Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone pars tympanica ossis temporalis outer epithelial layer of tympanic membrane A portion of the external acoustic meatus epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane FMA:56819 SCTID:39725007 UBERON:0010069 cuticular stratum of tympanic membrane outer cuticular layer of tympanic membrane outer layer of tympanic membrane tympanic membrane external acoustic meatus epithelial component uberon A portion of the external acoustic meatus epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane PMID:11237469 UBERON:cjm UBERON:cjm tympanic membrane external acoustic meatus epithelial component FMA:56819 outer cuticular layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56819 cuticular stratum of tympanic membrane intermediate layer of tympanic membrane AO notes: check MA FMA:56830 MA:0001223 SCTID:44692008 The intermediate fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane. UBERON:0010070 connective tissue layer of tympanic membrane fibrous layer of tympanic membrane fibrous stratum of tympanic membrane intermediate fibrous layer of tympanic membrane uberon FMA FMA:56830 connective tissue layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56830 fibrous stratum of tympanic membrane FMA:56830 intermediate fibrous layer of tympanic membrane PMID:11237469 The intermediate fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane. https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3468783&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 FMA:56830 fibrous layer of tympanic membrane layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56732 In mammals, this class groups together the two epithelial layers plus the intermediate fibrous layer UBERON:0010071 tympanic membrane layer uberon FMA:56732 tympanic membrane layer chromaffin system FMA:79645 MESH:A.06.224 Taxon notes: in adult cylostomes and teleosts, the interrenal bodies are separate from chromaffin bodies The cells of the body which stain with chromium salts. They occur along the sympathetic nerves, in the adrenal gland, and in various other organs. UBERON:0010074 argentaffin system chromaffin tissue uberon CL Kardong cjm MESH:A.06.224 The cells of the body which stain with chromium salts. They occur along the sympathetic nerves, in the adrenal gland, and in various other organs. MESH:A.06.224 argentaffin system sacral neural crest One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. The vagal and sacral neural crest cells develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. UBERON:0010075 XAO:0004192 uberon One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. The vagal and sacral neural crest cells develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. XB:curator http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10065/ network of trabecular spaces in bone tissue FMA:259332 Tissue cavity consisting of intercommunicating trabecular spaces in the cancellous bone. UBERON:0010076 trabecular network of bone tissue uberon FMA:259332 trabecular network of bone tissue FMA:259332 Tissue cavity consisting of intercommunicating trabecular spaces in the cancellous bone. cuboidal epithelium AO notes: in NCIT this is glandular UBERON:0010077 ncithesaurus:Cuboidal_Epithelium uberon optic choroid vascular plexus CVP Editor notes: to be verified TAO:0005094 UBERON:0010078 XAO:0004176 ZFA:0005094 ZFA:0005228 capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris choroid vasculature optic choroid vascular plexus uberon ZFA XAO ZFA XAO:0004176 optic choroid vascular plexus CVP ZFA:0005094 ZFA:0005094 choroid vasculature XAO XAO:0004176 capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris future common hepatic duct EHDAA2:0000595 UBERON:0010081 uberon future corpus striatum EHDAA2:0000596 UBERON:0010082 uberon future dermis EHDAA2:0000598 UBERON:0010083 uberon future diaphragm EHDAA2:0000599 UBERON:0010084 uberon future falx cerebri EHDAA2:0000608 UBERON:0010090 uberon future hindbrain meninges EHDAA2:0000610 UBERON:0010091 uberon future metencephalon EHDAA2:0000623 UBERON:0010092 uberon future myelencephalon EHDAA2:0000640 UBERON:0010096 uberon future membranous labyrinth EHDAA2:0000899 UBERON:0010113 uberon future dura mater EHDAA2:0004317 UBERON:0010115 uberon future caudate nucleus EHDAA2:0004461 TODO: dev from future corpus striatum UBERON:0010122 uberon future facial nucleus EHDAA2:0004639 UBERON:0010123 uberon future inferior salivatory nucleus EHDAA2:0004643 TODO - devfrom UBERON:0010124 uberon future superior salivatory nucleus EHDAA2:0004644 UBERON:0010125 uberon future nucleus ambiguus EHDAA2:0004647 UBERON:0010126 uberon future dorsal motor nucleus of vagus EHDAA2:0004650 UBERON:0010127 uberon future pterygopalatine ganglion EHDAA2:0000673 UBERON:0010128 future Meckel ganglion future Meckel's ganglion future nasal ganglion future palatine ganglion future pterygopalatine ganglia future sphenopalatine ganglion future sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion uberon EHDAA2:0000673 future sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion MP:0008314 Obol:automatic future nasal ganglion EHDAA2:0001889 Obol:automatic future sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion FMA:6965 Obol:automatic future Meckel's ganglion MP:0008314 Obol:automatic future palatine ganglion MP:0008314 Obol:automatic future sphenopalatine ganglion MP:0008314 Obol:automatic future Meckel ganglion MP:0008314 Obol:automatic future pterygopalatine ganglia EHDAA2 femur cartilage condensation EMAPA:17742 TODO - request EHDAA2 UBERON:0010129 femoral cartilage condensation uberon EMAPA:17742 femoral cartilage condensation EMAPA autopod plate UBERON:0010130 limb plate the distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. hand, foot, paw) uberon MP:0004576 http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3519614&group_id=76834&atid=1109502 the distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. hand, foot, paw) conducting tissue of heart EHDAA2:0004528 FMA:83378 UBERON:0010131 specialized conducting tissue of heart specialized muscle tissue of heart uberon FMA FMA:83378 specialized muscle tissue of heart FMA:83378 specialized conducting tissue of heart gastroduodenal artery EHDAA2:0000310 EHDAA:8574 FMA:14775 UBERON:0010132 a small blood vessel in the abdomen that supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries). arteria gastroduodenalis uberon Wikipedia:Gastroduodenal_artery a small blood vessel in the abdomen that supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries). EHDAA2 FMA Wikipedia:Gastroduodenal_artery arteria gastroduodenalis neuroendocrine gland MA:0000720 UBERON:0010133 uberon secretory circumventricular organ MA:0002943 UBERON:0010134 uberon MA MA sensory circumventricular organ MA:0002944 UBERON:0010135 uberon MA epithelial sheet An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. UBERON:0010136 uberon An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. GO:0002011 polarized epithelium A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. UBERON:0010137 uberon A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. GO:0001738 primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad EHDAA2:0004051 UBERON:0010141 Usage notes: note that this represents the indifferent structure. indifferent sex cord primitive sex cords uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0004051 primitive sex cords seminal vesicle fluid AO notes: in ncit, seminal fluid is a subtype of seminal vesicle secretion FMA:62969 MA:0002526 UBERON:0010143 ncithesaurus:Seminal_Fluid ncithesaurus:Seminal_Vesicle_Secretion secretion of seminal vesicle seminal fluid seminal vesicle secretion uberon vesicular fluid FMA:62969 secretion of seminal vesicle FMA:62969 seminal vesicle secretion seminal fluid FMA paraurethral gland FMA:20083 In human anatomy (female), the Skene's glands (also known as the lesser vestibular glands, periurethral glands, skene glands, paraurethral glands, U-spot, or female prostate) are glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. They drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening. These glands are surrounded with tissue, which includes the part of the clitoris that reaches up inside the vagina and swells with blood during sexual arousal. SCTID:264125007 Skene gland Skene's gland U-spot UBERON:0010145 female prostate glandulae vestibulares minores ncithesaurus:Paraurethral_Gland para-urethral gland periurethral gland uberon Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland glandulae vestibulares minores In human anatomy (female), the Skene's glands (also known as the lesser vestibular glands, periurethral glands, skene glands, paraurethral glands, U-spot, or female prostate) are glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. They drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening. These glands are surrounded with tissue, which includes the part of the clitoris that reaches up inside the vagina and swells with blood during sexual arousal. Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland FMA FMA:20083 para-urethral gland Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland periurethral gland FMA:20083 Skene's gland U-spot Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland PMID:10668204 Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland female prostate paraurethral duct FMA:21445 Skene's duct The Skene's ducts are a pair of ducts leading from the Skene's glands to the surface of the vulva, to the left and right of the urethral opening. Like the Skene's glands, they are named after Alexander Skene. UBERON:0010146 ductus paraurethrales urethrae femininae female prostate duct periurethral duct uberon FMA:21445 Skene's duct Wikipedia:Skene%27s_ducts ductus paraurethrales urethrae femininae The Skene's ducts are a pair of ducts leading from the Skene's glands to the surface of the vulva, to the left and right of the urethral opening. Like the Skene's glands, they are named after Alexander Skene. Wikipedia:Skene%27s_ducts PMID:10668204 female prostate duct male accessory sex gland Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male. BTO:0004798 UBERON:0010147 uberon Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male. BTO:0004798 BTO mating plug A gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species. It is deposited by a male into a female genital tract and later hardens into a plug or glues the tract together. SPD:0000547 UBERON:0010148 copulatory plug uberon A gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species. It is deposited by a male into a female genital tract and later hardens into a plug or glues the tract together. Wikipedia:Mating_plug SPD:0000547 copulatory plug duct of major vestibular gland Bartholin's duct FMA:20088 One of a pair of ducts leading from the Bartholin's glands to the surface of the vulva UBERON:0010150 duct of greater vestibular gland greater vestibular gland duct uberon FMA:20088 greater vestibular gland duct One of a pair of ducts leading from the Bartholin's glands to the surface of the vulva Wikipedia:Bartholin's_duct Bartholin's duct Wikipedia:Bartholin's_duct FMA:20088 duct of greater vestibular gland duct of bulbourethral gland FMA:20091 SCTID:279709005 UBERON:0010151 bulbourethral gland duct duct of bulbo-urethral gland ductus glandulae bulbourethralis uberon FMA:20091 bulbourethral gland duct FMA:TA ductus glandulae bulbourethralis FMA:20091 duct of bulbo-urethral gland skin mucus BTO:0005082 Editor notes: Consider making a specific class e.g. mucus coating to represent the entire coating rather than an portion of secretion of a mucus gland in the skin. Candidate definition - "The epidermal mucus of fish regulates swimming speed by controlling the hydrodynamic resistance of the skin surface. The mucus is also presumed to serve as a defence against pathogenic organisms and is intimately associated with osmoregulation." [BTO:0005082] UBERON:0010152 epidermal mucus uberon BTO BTO:0005082 epidermal mucus BTO rumen papilla UBERON:0010153 rumen papillae uberon rumen papillae inner lining mucosa of the abomasum BTO:0001168 UBERON:0010154 rennet the inner mucosa of the fourth stomach chamber of a ruminant produces rennet. uberon BTO:0001168 rennet Wikipedia:Rennet the inner mucosa of the fourth stomach chamber of a ruminant produces rennet. BTO parietomastoid suture FMA:52947 SCTID:136753005 UBERON:0010155 parietomastoid suture of skull the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones uberon FMA:52947 parietomastoid suture of skull FMA http://www.thefreedictionary.com/parietomastoid+suture the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones sphenofrontal suture FMA:52938 Sutura sphenofrontalis The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. UBERON:0010156 frontosphenoid suture sphenofrontal sphenofrontal suture of skull sutura sphenofrontalis uberon The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture FMA:52938 sphenofrontal suture of skull FMA:52938 frontosphenoid suture Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture sutura sphenofrontalis Sutura sphenofrontalis Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture sphenofrontal FMA sphenoparietal suture FMA:52945 Sutura sphenoparietalis The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. UBERON:0010157 sphenoparietal suture of skull uberon FMA The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. Wikipedia:Sphenoparietal_suture Sutura sphenoparietalis Wikipedia:Sphenoparietal_suture FMA:52945 sphenoparietal suture of skull sphenozygomatic suture FMA:52956 The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone. UBERON:0010158 sphenozygomatica suture of skull sutura sphenozygomatica uberon FMA:52956 sphenozygomatica suture of skull FMA The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone. Wikipedia:Sphenozygomatic_suture Wikipedia:Sphenozygomatic_suture sutura sphenozygomatica occipitomastoid suture FMA:52934 The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It is continuous with the lambdoidal suture. UBERON:0010159 occipito-mastoid suture occipitomastoid suture of skull sutura occipitomastoidea uberon Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture sutura occipitomastoidea FMA:52934 occipitomastoid suture of skull Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture occipito-mastoid suture The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It is continuous with the lambdoidal suture. Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture FMA Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture sutura occipitomastoidea lumen of lymphatic vessel FMA:59681 UBERON:0010160 lumen of lymphatic duct lymphatic vessel lumen uberon FMA:59681 lymphatic vessel lumen FMA:59681 lumen of lymphatic duct lumen of blood vessel SCTID:91747007 UBERON:0010161 blood vessel lumen uberon tail tip MA:0002848 UBERON:0010162 XAO:0004057 end of tail uberon MA:0002848 end of tail MA XAO eyebrow AO notes: in ncit, this is an "eye appendage" FMA:54237 MESH:A.01.456.505.420.338 The eyebrow is an area of thick, delicate hairs above the eye that follows the shape of the lower margin of the brow ridges. Their main function is to protect the eye, but they are also important to human communication and facial expression. It is not uncommon for people to modify their eyebrows by means of hair addition or removal, make up, or piercings. UBERON:0010163 ncithesaurus:Eyebrow supercilium uberon Wikipedia:Eyebrow supercilium The eyebrow is an area of thick, delicate hairs above the eye that follows the shape of the lower margin of the brow ridges. Their main function is to protect the eye, but they are also important to human communication and facial expression. It is not uncommon for people to modify their eyebrows by means of hair addition or removal, make up, or piercings. Wikipedia:Eyebrow FMA collection of hairs FMA:70752 UBERON:0010164 hairs hairs set pili set of hairs uberon FMA:70752 set of hairs FMA:TA pili FMA:70752 hairs set FMA:70752 hairs collection of hair on face FMA:70741 UBERON:0010165 facial hair facial hairs set set of facial hairs uberon FMA:70741 set of facial hairs FMA:70741 facial hairs set coat of hair UBERON:0010166 coat coat pelt fur coat hair coat ncithesaurus:Coat_Pelt pelage pelt set of coat hairs uberon beard FMA:54240 UBERON:0010167 the collection of hair that grows on the chin, cheeks and neck of human beings. Usually, only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards. However, women with hirsutism may develop a beard. When differentiating between upper and lower facial hair, a beard specifically includes the moustache, which refers to hair above the upper lip and around it. uberon FMA Wikipedia:Beard the collection of hair that grows on the chin, cheeks and neck of human beings. Usually, only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards. However, women with hirsutism may develop a beard. When differentiating between upper and lower facial hair, a beard specifically includes the moustache, which refers to hair above the upper lip and around it. collection of eyelashes FMA:70742 UBERON:0010168 cilia eyelashes eyelashes set set of eyelashes uberon FMA:70742 eyelashes FMA:70742 set of eyelashes FMA:TA cilia FMA:70742 eyelashes set moustache FMA:59652 UBERON:0010169 facial hair grown on the outer surface of the upper lip. It may or may not be accompanied by a type of beard, a facial hair style grown and cropped to cover most of the lower half of the face. mustache uberon Wikipedia:Moustache facial hair grown on the outer surface of the upper lip. It may or may not be accompanied by a type of beard, a facial hair style grown and cropped to cover most of the lower half of the face. FMA region of neural crest TAO:0000045 UBERON:0010170 ZFA:0000045 uberon EHDAA2 strand of hair of face FMA:54360 UBERON:0010171 face hair face hair strand facial hair hair of face uberon FMA:54360 hair of face FMA:54360 face hair FMA:54360 facial hair bulb of aorta FMA:3740 UBERON:0010172 aortic bulb bulb of ascending aorta bulbus aortae root of aorta supraaortic valve area the portion of the left ventricular outflow tract delineated by the sinotubular ridge superiorly and the bases of the valve leaflets inferiorly; it comprises the aortic sinuses, the aortic valve leaflets, the commissures, and the interleaflet triangles uberon FMA:3740 root of aorta FMA:3740 supraaortic valve area FMA:3740 bulb of ascending aorta FMA:3740 aortic bulb MP:0011572 the portion of the left ventricular outflow tract delineated by the sinotubular ridge superiorly and the bases of the valve leaflets inferiorly; it comprises the aortic sinuses, the aortic valve leaflets, the commissures, and the interleaflet triangles FMA FMA:TA bulbus aortae sinotubular junction UBERON:0010173 sinotubular ridge the point in the ascending aorta where the aortic sinuses end and the aorta becomes a tubular structure uberon MP:0011572 the point in the ascending aorta where the aortic sinuses end and the aorta becomes a tubular structure MP MP:0011572 sinotubular ridge Schweigger-Seidel sheath UBERON:0010174 a phagocytic sleeve that is part of a sheathed arteriole of the spleen, and is sometimes referred to as a splenic ellipsoid. It is a spindle-shaped thickening in the walls of the second part of the arterial branches forming the penicilli in the spleen uberon PMC:PMC3204613 Wikipedia:Schweigger-Seidel_sheath a phagocytic sleeve that is part of a sheathed arteriole of the spleen, and is sometimes referred to as a splenic ellipsoid. It is a spindle-shaped thickening in the walls of the second part of the arterial branches forming the penicilli in the spleen nutrient vein FMA:50780 UBERON:0010175 uberon nutrient artery FMA:50779 SCTID:337318006 The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals. UBERON:0010176 a. nutricia, a. nutriens ncithesaurus:Nutrient_Artery uberon The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals. Wikipedia:Nutrient_artery Wikipedia:Nutrient_artery a. nutricia, a. nutriens FMA straight venules of kidney FMA:72007 The straight venules of kidney are branches from the plexuses at the apices of the medullary pyramids, formed by the terminations of the arteriae rectae. They run outward in a straight course between the tubes of the medullary substance, and joining, as above stated, the interlobular veins, form venous arcades; these in turn unite and form veins which pass along the sides of the pyramids. Contains fenestrated capillaries. UBERON:0010181 Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney set of straight venules of kidney uberon venae rectae venulae rectae venulae rectae of kidney venulae rectae renis venulae rectae renis venulae recti FMA:TA venulae rectae renis Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney venulae recti FMA:72007 venulae rectae of kidney Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney venulae rectae renis Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney venae rectae Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney venulae rectae FMA:72007 set of straight venules of kidney The straight venules of kidney are branches from the plexuses at the apices of the medullary pyramids, formed by the terminations of the arteriae rectae. They run outward in a straight course between the tubes of the medullary substance, and joining, as above stated, the interlobular veins, form venous arcades; these in turn unite and form veins which pass along the sides of the pyramids. Contains fenestrated capillaries. Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney vaginal part of cervix FMA:77056 The vaginal portion of the cervix projects free into the anterior wall of the vagina between the anterior and posterior fornices vaginae UBERON:0010182 portio vaginalis portio vaginalis cervicis portio vaginalis cervicis uberon The vaginal portion of the cervix projects free into the anterior wall of the vagina between the anterior and posterior fornices vaginae Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix portio vaginalis cervicis FMA liver trabecula A trabecula that is part of a liver UBERON:0010183 hepatic trabecula uberon A trabecula that is part of a liver GO:0060344 Obol:automatic rete ovarii EMAPA:17966 Editor note: todo SCTID:259261007 UBERON:0010185 ncithesaurus:Rete_Ovarii uberon male urethral gland Any of the many glands that branch off the wall of the urethra of male mammals. The glands secrete mucus, which is incorporated into the semen, and are most numerous in the section of the urethra that runs through the penis. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:29645 FMA:21443 Littre's gland SCTID:303562001 UBERON:0010186 gland of male urethra glandulae urethrales urethrae masculinae male urethra gland uberon Any of the many glands that branch off the wall of the urethra of male mammals. The glands secrete mucus, which is incorporated into the semen, and are most numerous in the section of the urethra that runs through the penis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Urethral_gland FMA:21443 Littre's gland Wikipedia:Urethral_gland glandulae urethrales urethrae masculinae female urethral gland EMAPA:29653 FMA:21444 SCTID:279476001 UBERON:0010187 female urethra gland gland of female urethra uberon urethral gland (female) FMA:21444 urethral gland (female) protuberance A roughly circular bulge in a surface. AEO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003250 FMA:82506 UBERON:0010188 uberon EHDAA2 A roughly circular bulge in a surface. EHDAA2:0003250 right atrium venous valve AO notes: part_of in EHDAA2. Only child in MA. EHDAA2:0001762 EMAPA:17010 EMAPA:17328 MA:0001872 UBERON:0010189 right venous valve uberon EHDAA2:0001762 right venous valve MA pair of dorsal aortae EHDAA2:0000410 MA:0000476 UBERON:0010190 paired dorsal aortae uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0000410 paired dorsal aortae EHDAA2 aortic system EHDAA2:0004512 UBERON:0010191 uberon EHDAA2 genital artery UBERON:0010192 uberon renal portal vein A portal vein that empties into capillaries within the kidneys. Function notes: function not well understood. [ISBN10:0073040584] TAO:0000577 UBERON:0010193 ZFA:0000577 renal portal veins uberon ZFA ZFA A portal vein that empties into capillaries within the kidneys. ISBN10:0073040584 ZFA:0000577 renal portal veins hepatic portal system A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. AAO:0010225 UBERON:0010194 hepatic-portal system portal system of liver uberon AAO:0010225 hepatic-portal system A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. ISBN10:0073040584 renal portal system A portal system that transports blood returning from capillary beds within tail or hindlimbs through paired renal portal veins that empty into capillaries within the kidneys. AAO:0010518 Function notes: function not well understood. Taxon notes: present in all classes of vertebrates except mammals; the mammalian kidney has a low pressure vascular network that may be its counterpart [ISBN10:0073040584] UBERON:0010195 portal system of kidney renal-portal system uberon AAO:0010518 renal-portal system A portal system that transports blood returning from capillary beds within tail or hindlimbs through paired renal portal veins that empty into capillaries within the kidneys. ISBN10:0073040584 trunk of common carotid artery EHDAA2:0000306 EMAPA:18610 FMA:69323 The initial part of the entire common carotid artery ending with the point where the artery bifurcates into an external carotid artery and an internal carotid artery. UBERON:0010197 common carotid arterial trunk common carotid artery uberon The initial part of the entire common carotid artery ending with the point where the artery bifurcates into an external carotid artery and an internal carotid artery. UBERON:cjm FMA FMA:69323 common carotid arterial trunk EHDAA2:0000306 common carotid artery carotid duct EMAPA:17006 In amphibians, closes at metamorphosis[Kardong] UBERON:0010198 a portion of the embryonic dorsal aorta between points of juncture with the third and fourth arch arteries; it disappears early in development. ductus caroticus uberon a portion of the embryonic dorsal aorta between points of juncture with the third and fourth arch arteries; it disappears early in development. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=ductus+caroticus EMAPA:17006 ductus caroticus lateral line TAO:0001469 The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear. UBERON:0010202 XAO:0004002 ZFA:0001469 lateral lines uberon The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear. Wikipedia:Lateral_line ZFA:0001469 ZFA:0001469 lateral lines ZFA ZFA tail vasculature AO notes: isa blood vessel in XAO TAO:0005037 UBERON:0010204 XAO:0004151 ZFA:0005037 ZFIN:ZDB-ANAT-051116-21 post-vent vasculature tail vasculature uberon ZFA:0005037 post-vent vasculature ZFA:0005037 tail vasculature mesencephalic vein Editor notes: review this term, check taxon scope; note FMA has specific subtypes One of the several veins that drain the mesencephalon; the posterior ones are tributaries to the great cerebral vein; the lateral ones are tributaries to the basal vein. The main veins are: pontomesencephalic vein [TA] (vena pontomesencephalica [TA]), interpeduncular veins [TA] (venae interpedunculares [TA]), intercollicular vein [TA] (vena intercollicularis [TA]), and lateral mesencephalic vein [TA] (vena mesencephalica lateralis [TA])[MedLex]. The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet it's partner the mesencephalic artery[XAO]. TAO:0005092 UBERON:0010205 XAO:0004174 ZFA:0005092 uberon vena mesencephalica venae mesencephalicae http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=venae+mesencephalicae venae mesencephalicae XAO http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=venae+mesencephalicae vena mesencephalica One of the several veins that drain the mesencephalon; the posterior ones are tributaries to the great cerebral vein; the lateral ones are tributaries to the basal vein. The main veins are: pontomesencephalic vein [TA] (vena pontomesencephalica [TA]), interpeduncular veins [TA] (venae interpedunculares [TA]), intercollicular vein [TA] (vena intercollicularis [TA]), and lateral mesencephalic vein [TA] (vena mesencephalica lateralis [TA])[MedLex]. The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet it's partner the mesencephalic artery[XAO]. XAO:0004174 http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97378 nictitating membrane A fold of the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva in many animals. At rest, it is hidden in the medial canthus. It can extend to cover part or all of the cornea to help clean the cornea. MESH:A.13.660 Taxon notes: Some reptiles, birds, and sharks have full nictitating membranes; in many mammals, a small, vestigial portion of the membrane remains in the corner of the eye. Some mammals, such as camels, polar bears, seals, and aardvarks, have full nictitating membranes[WP]. Editor notes: We exclude the shark structure for this via a taxon constraint. UBERON:0010207 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chickenblinking.jpg ncithesaurus:Nictitating_Membrane nictitans third eyelid uberon http://tolweb.org/Amniota nictitans A fold of the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva in many animals. At rest, it is hidden in the medial canthus. It can extend to cover part or all of the cornea to help clean the cornea. MESH:A.13.660 Wikipedia:Nictitating_membrane MESH:A.13.660 third eyelid plica semilunaris of conjunctiva FMA:59045 SCTID:280686009 The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye. It is loose, so that eye movements are not restricted. It is considered a vestigial organ. UBERON:0010209 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gray1205.png/250px-Gray1205.png plica semilunaris (conjunctiva) plica semilunaris conjunctivae plica semilunaris of the conjunctiva semilunar fold of conjunctiva uberon The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye. It is loose, so that eye movements are not restricted. It is considered a vestigial organ. Wikipedia:Plica_semilunaris_of_conjunctiva FMA:59045 plica semilunaris (conjunctiva) FMA:59045 semilunar fold of conjunctiva FMA Wikipedia Wikipedia:Plica_semilunaris_of_conjunctiva plica semilunaris conjunctivae Wikipedia:Plica_semilunaris_of_conjunctiva plica semilunaris of the conjunctiva blood clot A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network. BTO:0000102 UBERON:0010210 thrombus uberon A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network. BTO:0000102 Wikipedia:Thrombus BTO:0000102 thrombus BTO granulation tissue BTO:0003257 Highly vascularized tissue that replaces the initial fibrin clot in a wound. Vascularization is by ingrowth of capillary endothelium from the surrounding vasculature. The tissue is also rich in fibroblasts (that will eventually produce the fibrous tissue) and leucocytes. MESH:A.10.165.450 UBERON:0010211 uberon BTO:0003257 Highly vascularized tissue that replaces the initial fibrin clot in a wound. Vascularization is by ingrowth of capillary endothelium from the surrounding vasculature. The tissue is also rich in fibroblasts (that will eventually produce the fibrous tissue) and leucocytes. BTO laryngeal apparatus AAO:0000267 Apparatus located between the lungs and the buccal cavity. This apparatus is composed of a pair of arytenoid cartilages that are supported by the cricoid ring. EHDAA2:0000904 UBERON:0010212 laryngeal cartilage system uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0000904 laryngeal cartilage system AAO:0000267 Apparatus located between the lungs and the buccal cavity. This apparatus is composed of a pair of arytenoid cartilages that are supported by the cricoid ring. laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010213 uberon EHDAA2-abstracted EHDAA2-abstracted cricoid pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000327 UBERON:0010214 uberon arytenoid swellings AO notes - EHDAA2 and EMAPA appear to be inconsistent EHDAA2:0000146 UBERON:0010215 paired primordial elevations, on either side of the embryonic larynx, within which the arytenoid cartilages are formed uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87317 paired primordial elevations, on either side of the embryonic larynx, within which the arytenoid cartilages are formed EHDAA2 thyroid pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0004088 UBERON:0010219 uberon arytenoid pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000144 EMAPA:17387 UBERON:0010220 arytenoid swelling pre-cartilage condensation uberon EMAPA:17387 arytenoid swelling pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2 laryngeal associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004085 UBERON:0010221 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 Wikipedia Wikipedia Wikipedia anatomical line between pupils UBERON:0010222 interpupillary line uberon left pupil FMA:58254 SCTID:368597006 UBERON:0010223 pupil of left eye uberon FMA:58254 pupil of left eye right pupil FMA:58253 SCTID:368575009 UBERON:0010224 pupil of right eye uberon FMA:58253 pupil of right eye thalamic complex EHDAA2:0004469 FMA:258745 UBERON:0010225 uberon EHDAA2 future cardiac ventricle FMA:71006 Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. TAO:0002231 UBERON:0010226 ZFA:0001719 presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube primordial cardiac ventricle primordial ventricle uberon FMA:71006 primordial cardiac ventricle ZFA:0001719 presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube FMA:71006 primordial ventricle ZFA Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. ZFA:0001719 future cardiac atrium FMA:71005 Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. TAO:0002228 UBERON:0010227 ZFA:0001718 presumptive atrium heart tube primordial atrium primordial cardiac atrium uberon ZFA:0001718 presumptive atrium heart tube FMA:71005 primordial atrium ZFA Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. ZFA:0001718 FMA:71005 primordial cardiac atrium ruminal fluid BTO:0004789 UBERON:0010228 uberon ruminant esophageal groove A muscular structure at the lower end of the esophagus that, when closed, forms a tube allowing milk to go directly into the abomasum. (This prevents milk from being fermented or soured by the ruminal microorganisms). BTO:0004789 The formation of the esophageal groove is controlled by neural stimulation from suckling and milk proteins. This means milk, colostrum, and milk replacer bypass the rumen, while water enters it UBERON:0010229 esophageal groove reticular groove ruminant reticular groove uberon reticular groove esophageal groove A muscular structure at the lower end of the esophagus that, when closed, forms a tube allowing milk to go directly into the abomasum. (This prevents milk from being fermented or soured by the ruminal microorganisms). http://www.extension.org/pages/16468/esophageal-groove eyeball of camera-type eye FMA:12513 MIAA:0000283 SCTID:244486005 See notes for camera-type eye The camera-type eye apart from its appendages/adnexa. UBERON:0010230 bulbus oculi eye eyeball globe uberon HP:0100886 MIAA:0000283 globe The camera-type eye apart from its appendages/adnexa. Wikipedia:Globe_(human_eye) FMA eye FMA:12513 eyeball anatomical line between outer ears UBERON:0010231 otic line uberon placodal ectoderm UBERON:0010232 uberon UBERONREF:0000002 stroma of thyroid gland FMA:86304 UBERON:0010233 the connective tissue that supports the lobules and follicles of the thyroid gland. thyroid gland stroma thyroid stroma uberon UBERONREF:0000002 http://www.drugs.com/dict/stroma-of-thyroid-gland.html the connective tissue that supports the lobules and follicles of the thyroid gland. FMA:86304 thyroid gland stroma palatopharyngeus FMA:46666 SCTID:244796000 Structure notes: It is separated from the palatoglossus muscle by an angular interval, in which the palatine tonsil is lodged. It arises from the soft palate, where it is divided into two fasciculi by the levator veli palatini and musculus uvulae The palatopharyngeus or palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus muscle is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch. UBERON:0010234 musculus palatopharyngeus palatopharyngeal muscle palatopharyngeus muscle pharyngopalatinus pharyngopalatinus muscle uberon dbpedia palatine aponeurosis and hard palate FMA dbpedia vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve Wikipedia Upper border of thyroid cartilage dbpedia Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle pharyngopalatinus muscle dbpedia vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve The palatopharyngeus or palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus muscle is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch. Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle pharyngopalatinus Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle musculus palatopharyngeus uvular muscle FMA:46733 SCTID:244797009 The musculus uvulae (azygos uvulae) is a muscle of the soft palate. It arises from the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bones and from the palatine aponeurosis. It descends to be inserted into the uvula and functions to move and shape it. It is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus[WP]. UBERON:0010235 azygos uvulae m. uvulae musculus uvulae musculus uvulae muscle uberon uvulae muscle uvular muscle Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae uvulae muscle Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae m. uvulae dbpedia FMA:46733 uvular muscle Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae musculus uvulae Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae musculus uvulae muscle The musculus uvulae (azygos uvulae) is a muscle of the soft palate. It arises from the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bones and from the palatine aponeurosis. It descends to be inserted into the uvula and functions to move and shape it. It is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus[WP]. Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae dbpedia Wikipedia Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae azygos uvulae torus pylorus A fleshy protuberance at the pylorus of some species such as ruminants and pigs, that projects into the lumen of the pyloric canal UBERON:0010238 torus pyloricus uberon MA A fleshy protuberance at the pylorus of some species such as ruminants and pigs, that projects into the lumen of the pyloric canal http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/torus+pyloricus spiral colon A variant of the ascending colon ruminants and pigs. UBERON:0010239 coiled colon ncithesaurus:Spiral_Colon uberon Wikipedia A variant of the ascending colon ruminants and pigs. Wikipedia:Spiral_colon zygomatic gland UBERON:0010240 a salivary gland best developed in carnivores; located above the zygomatic arch and below the eye. Enlargement or mucocele of the gland causes exophthalmos ncithesaurus:Zygomatic_Gland orbital gland superior buccal gland uberon upper molar gland a salivary gland best developed in carnivores; located above the zygomatic arch and below the eye. Enlargement or mucocele of the gland causes exophthalmos http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/zygomatic+gland molar gland A modified ventral buccal gland well developed in cats and between orbicularis oris muscle and mucuous membrane of lower lip. UBERON:0010241 ncithesaurus:Zygomatic_Gland orbital gland uberon upper molar gland A modified ventral buccal gland well developed in cats and between orbicularis oris muscle and mucuous membrane of lower lip. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/zygomatic+gland anterior buccal gland MA:0002700 UBERON:0010242 uberon MA merocrine gland BTO:0002324 One in which the secretory cells maintain their integrity throughout the secretory cycle. UBERON:0010243 uberon BTO BTO:0002324 One in which the secretory cells maintain their integrity throughout the secretory cycle. choroid tapetum lucidum A tapetum lucidum that is part of the choroid BTO:0001828 SCTID:3034006 UBERON:0010244 tapetum choroideae uberon A tapetum lucidum that is part of the choroid UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification BTO:0001828 tapetum choroideae retinal tapetum lucidum A tapetum lucidum that is part of the retina Taxon notes: as seen in teleosts, crocodiles, marsupials and fruit bats[WP] UBERON:0010245 uberon A tapetum lucidum that is part of the retina UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification choroidal guanine tapetum A choroid tapetum lucidum that is made of a palisade of cells containing stacks of flat hexagonal crystals of guanine Taxon notes: elasmobranchii (skates, rays, and sharks) and chimaeras[WP] UBERON:0010246 uberon A choroid tapetum lucidum that is made of a palisade of cells containing stacks of flat hexagonal crystals of guanine UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification choroidal tapetum cellulosum A choroid tapetum lucidum that consists of layers of cells containing organized, highly refractive crystals. These crystals are diverse in shape and makeup Taxon notes: carnivores, rodents and cetacea[WP] UBERON:0010247 uberon A choroid tapetum lucidum that consists of layers of cells containing organized, highly refractive crystals. These crystals are diverse in shape and makeup UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification choroidal tapetum fibrosum A choroid tapetum lucidum that is an array of extracellular fibers. Taxon notes: cows, sheep, goats and horses[WP] UBERON:0010248 uberon A choroid tapetum lucidum that is an array of extracellular fibers. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification posterior meningeal artery FMA:49503 The posterior meningeal artery are small vessels which are branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery which supply the dura mater. It passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen. UBERON:0010249 arteria meningea posterior meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery ncithesaurus:Posterior_Meningeal_Artery posterior meningeal arteries terminal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery uberon Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery arteria meningea posterior FMA:49503 terminal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery The posterior meningeal artery are small vessels which are branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery which supply the dura mater. It passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen. Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery posterior meningeal arteries middle meningeal artery FMA:49711 SCTID:278100005 The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater and the calvaria. The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries which supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. In approximately half of subjects it branches into an accessory meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion. It is vulnerable to injury at this point, where the skull is thin. Rupture of the artery may give rise to an epidural hematoma. UBERON:0010250 arteria meningea media uberon Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery arteria meningea media FMA Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery arteria meningea media The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater and the calvaria. The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries which supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. In approximately half of subjects it branches into an accessory meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion. It is vulnerable to injury at this point, where the skull is thin. Rupture of the artery may give rise to an epidural hematoma. Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery anterior meningeal artery Editor notes: this needs checkin as part of a general revision of the blood vessels and their branches - unclear if the anterior meningeal artery should be treated separately from the anterior ethmoidal artery (ie as a branch) or the same thing FMA:49993 SCTID:369327009 UBERON:0010251 a meningeal branch to the dura mater arising from the anterior ethmoidal artery. anterior ethmoid arteries anterior ethmoid artery anterior meningeal arteries anterior meningeal artery anterior meningeal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery arteria ethmoidalis anterior ncithesaurus:Anterior_Meningeal_Artery uberon Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery anterior ethmoid arteries Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery arteria ethmoidalis anterior Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery anterior ethmoid artery Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery anterior meningeal arteries Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery anterior meningeal artery FMA:49993 anterior meningeal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery a meningeal branch to the dura mater arising from the anterior ethmoidal artery. 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0000037 UBERON:0010252 uberon inferred EHDAA2 EHDAA2 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0000044 UBERON:0010253 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0000068 EMAPA:16281 UBERON:0010254 uberon EHDAA2-inferred EHDAA2 EHDAA2 3rd arch mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0000083 EMAPA:16404 UBERON:0010255 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 3rd arch uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2-inferred EHDAA2 EMAPA:16404 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 3rd arch 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0000098 EMAPA:16772 UBERON:0010256 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch uberon EMAPA:16772 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch EHDAA2 EHDAA2-inferred EHDAA2 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0004077 UBERON:0010257 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2-inferred EHDAA2 mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest EHDAA2:0004423 UBERON:0010258 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest EMAPA:16129 UBERON:0010259 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch uberon EMAPA:16129 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch EHDAA2-inferred umbilical blood vessel UBERON:0010260 uberon umbilical cord blood vessel operculum of brain The most posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe in the brain. In an axial plane, the Sylvian fissure extends from the operculum posteriorly to divide the frontal from the temporal lobe. Broca's area is a notable part of the operculum, which plays a key role in conversation or speech production, reading and writing. Its vascular supply comes from the M3 branches of the middle cerebral artery. Post-mortem, the parietal operculum of Albert Einstein's brain was found to be malformed. UBERON:0010262 operculum operculum frontale, operculum parietale, operculum temporale uberon Wikipedia:Operculum_%28brain%29 operculum frontale, operculum parietale, operculum temporale HP:0100954 operculum HP The most posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe in the brain. In an axial plane, the Sylvian fissure extends from the operculum posteriorly to divide the frontal from the temporal lobe. Broca's area is a notable part of the operculum, which plays a key role in conversation or speech production, reading and writing. Its vascular supply comes from the M3 branches of the middle cerebral artery. Post-mortem, the parietal operculum of Albert Einstein's brain was found to be malformed. Wikipedia:Operculum_%28brain%29 embryoid body Embryoid bodies are structures resembling embryos, occurring in several types of germ cell tumors. Obsoled, as does not cover naturally occurring entity UBERON:0010263 true uberon BTO:0001718 Embryoid bodies are structures resembling embryos, occurring in several types of germ cell tumors. Wikipedia:Embryoid_body hepatopancreas BTO:0000597 UBERON:0010264 an organ of the digestive tract of arthropods and molluscs. It provides the functions which in mammals are provided separately by the liver and pancreas, including the production of digestive enzymes, and absorption of digested food. uberon BTO Wikipedia:Hepatopancreas an organ of the digestive tract of arthropods and molluscs. It provides the functions which in mammals are provided separately by the liver and pancreas, including the production of digestive enzymes, and absorption of digested food. BTO mollusc hepatopancreas . UBERON:0010265 uberon . Wikipedia:Digestive_system_of_gastropods#Hepatopancreas arthropod hepatopancreas Digestive gland of crustaceans with functions approximately analogous to liver and pancreas of vertebrates - enzyme secretion, food absorption and storage. UBERON:0010266 crustacean digestive gland midgut gland uberon BTO:0000597 Digestive gland of crustaceans with functions approximately analogous to liver and pancreas of vertebrates - enzyme secretion, food absorption and storage. BTO:0000597 midgut gland PMID:18025161 inferior reticular formation . UBERON:0010267 true uberon . GO:0021728 superior reticular formation . UBERON:0010268 true uberon . GO:0021729 filum terminale internum FMA:256524 SCTID:315673007 UBERON:0010269 internal part of filum terminale uberon FMA FMA:256524 internal part of filum terminale filum terminale externum FMA:256526 SCTID:315573001 UBERON:0010270 external part of filum terminale uberon FMA FMA:256526 external part of filum terminale musculus retractor bulbi AAO:0010122 Cranial nerve VI innervated; ventral and posterior to the eye. Editors note: TODO - add innervation relationships // In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[wiki/Abducens_nerve] M. retractor bulbi UBERON:0010271 retractor bulbi retractor bulbi muscle uberon cjm AAO:0010122 Cranial nerve VI innervated; ventral and posterior to the eye. hyoid apparatus A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage AAO:0000225 Taxon notes: In most mammals, including humans, the hyoid apparatus is shaped like a horseshoe. However, in humans, some of the bones of the hyoid apparatus are fused into a single bone called os hyoideum. In other animals such as frogs, the hyoid apparatus has a hyoid body that is chiefly comprised of hyaline cartilage and two pairs of processes (i.e. alary process and the posteriolateral process). UBERON:0010272 apparatus hyoideus hyobranchial apparatus hyolingual system uberon AAO:0000225 hyobranchial apparatus apparatus hyoideus http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus AAO:0000225 hyolingual system A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus zone of hyoid bone FMA:59494 SCTID:119534005 UBERON:0010273 hyoid bone zone uberon FMA:59494 hyoid bone zone vertebral column opening AAO:0000700 AO notes: in AAO this is a space rather than conduit UBERON:0010276 uberon vertebral conduit mesocardium MA:0000098 The part of the embryonic mesentery which connects the embryonic heart with the body wall in front and the foregut behind. UBERON:0010277 uberon MA The part of the embryonic mesentery which connects the embryonic heart with the body wall in front and the foregut behind. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesocardium EHDAA2 pericardial sinus There are two Pericardial sinuses: transverse and oblique. The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium and is known as the oblique sinus. . The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardiabi.e. , between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behindbis termed the transverse sinus. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside. Can be used to pass ligature during cardiac surgery. UBERON:0010279 oblique pericardial oblique pericardial sinus oblique sinus pericardial sinuses transverse pericardial transverse pericardial sinus uberon Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus oblique pericardial sinus Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus oblique sinus Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus transverse pericardial sinus There are two Pericardial sinuses: transverse and oblique. The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium and is known as the oblique sinus. . The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardiabi.e. , between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behindbis termed the transverse sinus. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside. Can be used to pass ligature during cardiac surgery. Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus transverse pericardial Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus pericardial sinuses MA Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus oblique pericardial oblique pericardial sinus FMA:77133 The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium.[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0010283 oblique sinus of pericardial cavity uberon The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus FMA:77133 oblique sinus of pericardial cavity lacrimal punctum A minute orifice on the summit of the papillae lacrimales, which is the commencement point of the lacrimal canaliculi. FMA:59365 SCTID:263344003 UBERON:0010284 uberon FMA cjm A minute orifice on the summit of the papillae lacrimales, which is the commencement point of the lacrimal canaliculi. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_punctum midbrain basal plate EHDAA2:0004375 Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. TAO:0000761 UBERON:0010285 ZFA:0000761 uberon EHDAA2 Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. ZFA:0000761 ZFA midbrain neural tube Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. TAO:0007039 UBERON:0010286 ZFA:0007039 uberon ZFA Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. ZFA:0007039 motor root of facial nerve FMA:53419 UBERON:0010287 facial nerve motor root seventh cranial nerve motor root uberon FMA:53419 facial nerve motor root FMA:53419 seventh cranial nerve motor root Wikipedia FMA future medulla oblongata EHDAA2:0001088 UBERON:0010288 uberon scleral cartilage Circular cartilage ringing the posterior portion of the eye in the sclera. Supports the eye. TAO:0001509 Taxon notes: May be calcified in chondrichthyans. Tetrapods without this element (e.g., snakes and mammals) have a collagenous sclera. May not be homologous - see PMID:17051547. cup-shaped in birds. Present in monotremes. Editor notes: consider distinguishing cup from predecessor of ossicle. Hall: The scleral cartilaginous cup is a distinctly sepa- rate element composed of hyaline cartilage. Editors notes: relationship to sclera - overlaps? UBERON:0010289 ZFA:0001509 scleral cartilaginous cup scleral cartilaginous element sclerotic cartilage uberon ZFA:0001509 sclerotic cartilage PMID:17051547 - ossicles PMID:17051547 scleral cartilaginous cup PMID:17051547 scleral cartilaginous element cjm ZFA Circular cartilage ringing the posterior portion of the eye in the sclera. Supports the eye. http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=scleral+cartilage scleral ossicle A bony plate around the eyes, are situated at the corneal-scleral limbus. They do not articulate with other elements of the skull. Typically, the scleral ossicles overlap the rim of a cup of scleral cartilage that supports the eyeball. Situated near the equator of the eye and may slightly overlap the rim of scleral cartilage. SCTID:45632000 Taxon notes: The distribution of scleral ossicles and scleral cartilage among verte- brate taxa is not the same. Some taxa (e.g., birds) have both elements; some only have one element (e.g., crocodiles only have a scleral cartilage); while others (e.g., snakes) have neither element (Walls, 1942) number of ossicles making up the sclerotic ring as well as the shape of both the individual plates and the sclerotic ring is variable among tetrapod taxa.... It is therefore extremely likely that scleral skeletal elements (ossicles and cartilage) of all rep- tiles (including birds) are homologous (but cannot be assumed for reptiles and teleosts). Function notes: The function of these elements is to support the eye from within the sclera; scleral ossicles play an additional important role during accommodation in terrestrial vertebrates (Lemmrich, 1931; Walls, 1942; King and McLelland, 1984). UBERON:0010290 scleral ossicle sclerotic bone sclerotic ossicle uberon ZFA A bony plate around the eyes, are situated at the corneal-scleral limbus. They do not articulate with other elements of the skull. Typically, the scleral ossicles overlap the rim of a cup of scleral cartilage that supports the eyeball. Situated near the equator of the eye and may slightly overlap the rim of scleral cartilage. PMID:17051547 ZFA PMID:17051547 scleral ossicle ZFA:0001411 sclerotic bone layer of sclera . UBERON:0010291 uberon cjm . Wikipedia:Sclera#Histology episcleral layer of eyeball FMA:58362 The episclera is the outermost layer of the sclera. It is composed of loose, fibrous, elastic tissue and attaches to Tenon's capsule. A vascular plexus is found between the conjunctiva and the sclera consisting of two layers of vessels, the superficial episcleral vessels and the deep episcleral vessels. UBERON:0010292 episclera episcleral layer lamina episcleralis lamina episcleralis ncithesaurus:Episclera uberon FMA:TA lamina episcleralis FMA:58362 episcleral layer Wikipedia FMA:58362 episclera The episclera is the outermost layer of the sclera. It is composed of loose, fibrous, elastic tissue and attaches to Tenon's capsule. A vascular plexus is found between the conjunctiva and the sclera consisting of two layers of vessels, the superficial episcleral vessels and the deep episcleral vessels. Wikipedia:Episcleral_layer Wikipedia:Episcleral_layer lamina episcleralis suprachoroid lamina FMA:58368 On the external surface of the sclera is a thin membrane, the suprachoroid lamina, composed of delicate non-vascular lamellaebeach lamella consisting of a net-work of fine elastic fibers among which are branched pigment cells. The spaces between the lamellC& are lined by endothelium, and open freely into the perichoroidal lymph space, which, in its turn, communicates with the periscleral space by the perforations in the sclera through which the vessels and nerves are transmitted. UBERON:0010293 fusca sclerae lamina fusca of sclera lamina fusca sclerae lamina fusca sclerae lamina fusca scletae lamina suprachorioidea lamina suprachoroidea suprachoroid lamina of sclera uberon FMA:TA lamina fusca sclerae Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina lamina suprachorioidea Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina lamina suprachorioidea Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina lamina fusca sclerae On the external surface of the sclera is a thin membrane, the suprachoroid lamina, composed of delicate non-vascular lamellaebeach lamella consisting of a net-work of fine elastic fibers among which are branched pigment cells. The spaces between the lamellC& are lined by endothelium, and open freely into the perichoroidal lymph space, which, in its turn, communicates with the periscleral space by the perforations in the sclera through which the vessels and nerves are transmitted. Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina fusca sclerae FMA:58368 lamina fusca of sclera Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina lamina suprachoroidea Wikipedia FMA:58368 suprachoroid lamina of sclera Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina lamina fusca scletae scleral endothelium UBERON:0010294 uberon Wikipedia substantia propria of sclera FMA:58365 UBERON:0010295 scleral stroma stroma of sclera subsantia propria sclerae uberon FMA:58365 subsantia propria sclerae Wikipedia FMA:58365 scleral stroma FMA:58365 stroma of sclera scleral skeletal element An eye adnexal structure, but not necessarily part of the eyeball UBERON:0010296 uberon endochondral scleral ossicle TAO:0001411 Taxon notes: The scleral ossicles [of teleosts] are reported to form indirectly by endochondral (Hall and Miyake, 1992) or by perichondral ossification (Patterson, 1977) from a cartilage element that is also present in the sclera. This is unlike the scleral ossicles of reptiles, which develop directly from ectomesenchyme (i.e., intramembranous ossification) and independently from the scleral cartilage[PMID:17051547] UBERON:0010297 ZFA:0001411 uberon ZFA ZFA intramembranous scleral ossicle Development notes: The scleral ossicles [in reptiles] are of dermal (neural crest) origin, develop intramembranously within the scleral mesenchyme, and are induced to form by overlying (transient) epithelial scleral papillae (Nelson, 1942; Murray, 1943; Fyfe and Hall, 1981, 1983; Hall, 1981, 2005; Pinto and Hall, 1991) UBERON:0010298 uberon PMID:11237469 PMID:16496288 scleral mesenchyme Development notes: The mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup differentiates into the sclera, the dense fibrous coat of the eye.. PMID:16496288 Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. UBERON:0010299 uberon Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. PMID:16496288 UBERON:cjm epithelial scleral papilla layer Development notes: The scleral ossicles are of dermal (neural crest) origin, develop intramembranously within the scleral mesenchyme, and are induced to form by overlying (transient) epithelial scleral papillae (Nelson, 1942; Murray, 1943; Fyfe and Hall, 1981, 1983; Hall, 1981, 2005; Pinto and Hall, 1991). Taxon notes: Scleral papillae (which induce scleral ossicles in birds) have not been reported in teleosts, but evidence for their presence may not have been sought UBERON:0010300 scleral papillae uberon amnioserosa BTO:0004800 Editor's notes: May be obsoleted once added to insect ontology. Coordinate with cell type in CL FBbt:00000095 UBERON:0010302 a single extraembryonic epithelium, which closes the germband dorsally. amnion-serosa uberon a single extraembryonic epithelium, which closes the germband dorsally. doi:10.1073/pnas.0709145105 BTO:0004800 amnion-serosa doi:10.1073/pnas.0709145105 extraembryonic epithelium UBERON:0010303 extra-embryonic epithelium uberon nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium FMA:45569 Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. UBERON:0010304 epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum uberon FMA:45569 Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. FMA FMA:45569 epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum region of conjunctiva FMA:59023 The conjunctiva is divided into 3 parts. UBERON:0010305 conjunctiva subdivision uberon FMA:59023 conjunctiva subdivision The conjunctiva is divided into 3 parts. Wikipedia:Conjunctiva#Gross_anatomy bulbar conjunctiva FMA:59024 UBERON:0010306 covers the eyeball, over the sclera. This region of the conjunctiva is tightly bound to the underlying sclera by Tenon's capsule and moves with the eyeball movements. ncithesaurus:Bulbar_Conjunctiva ocular conjunctiva uberon FMA Wikipedia:Conjunctiva ocular conjunctiva conjunctival fornix FMA:59016 Forms the junction between the bulbar and palpebral conjunctivas. It is loose and flexible, allowing the free movement of the lids and eyeball UBERON:0010307 uberon FMA os opticus Gemminger's ossicle Scleral element located at the posterior pole of the scleral cartilage surrounding the foramen through which the optic nerve fibers pass. the internal architecture of this bone reveals a cancellous marrow cavity with fatty tissue. Taxon notes: At present, it has been documented in 219 species from 35 families, including perching birds, woodpeckers, hummingbirds, toucans, kingfishers, and falcons (Tiemeier, 1950). Morphologically, this element varies in shape from a complete encircling element in some woodpeckers (e.g., Melanerpes eryth- rocephalus) to an abbreviated arc in Gallus UBERON:0010308 os nervi optici uberon PMID:16496288 Scleral element located at the posterior pole of the scleral cartilage surrounding the foramen through which the optic nerve fibers pass. the internal architecture of this bone reveals a cancellous marrow cavity with fatty tissue. Gemminger's ossicle PMID:16496288 PMID:16496288 os nervi optici palpebral bone An ossified element investing the upper eyelid. Taxon notes: The most extreme development of the palpebral is found in the armored dino- saur Euoplocephalus tutus, where the bone forms a quarter-sphere and adducts to completely occlude the or- bit (Coombs, 1972; Vickaryous and Russell, 2003). Notwithstanding the superficially similar position, palpe- brals and tarsal plates differ both anatomically and developmentally and are not considered homologous (Gauthier et al., 1988). Editor notes PMID:16496288 says 'invests' the eyelid, is this consistent across taxa? UBERON:0010309 palpebral uberon An ossified element investing the upper eyelid. PMID:16496288 Wikipedia:Palpebral_(bone) nictitating membrane lamina Taxon notes: these laminae may consist of purely hyaline cartilage (cats and horses) or may be heavily invested with elastic fibers (dogs, pigs, and cows; Schlegel et al., 2001) UBERON:0010310 cartilago intercipiens thin cartilaginous element that stiffens the nictitating membrane. uberon PMID:16496288 cartilago intercipiens PMID:16496288 thin cartilaginous element that stiffens the nictitating membrane. scleral sesamoid bone A sesamoid bone that lies adjacent to the tendon of one of the muscles responsible for adducting the nictitating membrane (the pyramidal nictitating muscle) Structure notes: During contraction, the scleral sesamoid bone acts to anchor the pyramidal nictitating muscle to the sclera and divert the tendon from pro- jecting over the cornea. It remains to be determined whether this is indeed a true sesamoid (sensu; Vickaryous and Olson, 2006), as the scleral sesa- moid is actually invested within the synovial tendon sheath and not the tendon per se UBERON:0010311 scleral sesamoid scleral sesamoid element sesamoideum esclerae uberon A sesamoid bone that lies adjacent to the tendon of one of the muscles responsible for adducting the nictitating membrane (the pyramidal nictitating muscle) PMID:16496288 PMID:16496288 sesamoideum esclerae PMID:16496288 scleral sesamoid immature eye Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. TAO:0002201 UBERON:0010312 ZFA:0001678 future eye uberon definitional Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. ZFA:0001678 neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010313 uberon An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. UBERON:cjm structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010314 uberon An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. UBERON:cjm germ layer / neural crest UBERON:0010316 uberon germ layer / neural crest derived structure Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010317 uberon skeletal element of eye region UBERON:0010321 eye skeleton ocular skeleton skeletal element of ocular region uberon PMID:16496288 cranial skeleton Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. UBERON:0010323 VSAO:0000049 uberon Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. VSAO:0000049 VSAO VSAO craniofacial region UBERON:0010324 VSAO:0000083 uberon VSAO craniofacial skeleton AO notes: relations differ from VSAO Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells. Cranio-facial skeleton UBERON:0010325 VSAO:0000082 uberon Cranio-facial skeleton VSAO:curator Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells. VSAO:0000082 optic pedicel UBERON:0010326 eye stalk permanent cartilage structure projecting from the site of origin of the recti muscles. Supports eyeball and aids rotation. uberon ISBN10:071676959X PMID:16496288 permanent cartilage structure projecting from the site of origin of the recti muscles. Supports eyeball and aids rotation. early digestive tract associated mesenchyme UBERON:0010327 true uberon limb bud mesenchyme UBERON:0010328 uberon limb/fin bud mesenchyme UBERON:0010329 uberon EHDAA2-abduced eyelid mesenchyme UBERON:0010330 uberon epithelium of handplate EHDAA2:0000730 UBERON:0010332 handplate epithelium uberon EHDAA2:0000730 handplate epithelium EHDAA2 EHDAA2 extraembryonic membrane mesenchyme UBERON:0010333 uberon EHDAA2-abduced maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0004601 UBERON:0010334 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 maxillary process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004602 UBERON:0010335 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0004603 UBERON:0010336 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004604 UBERON:0010337 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000043 UBERON:0010338 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000036 UBERON:0010339 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EMAPA:16130 UBERON:0010341 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch uberon EMAPA EMAPA:16130 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch 2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000067 EMAPA:16280 UBERON:0010343 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 2nd arch uberon EHDAA2 EMAPA:16280 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 2nd arch EHDAA2 3rd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000082 EMAPA:16403 UBERON:0010344 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 3rd arch uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EMAPA:16403 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 3rd arch 4th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000097 EMAPA:16771 UBERON:0010345 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch uberon EHDAA2 EMAPA:16771 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch EHDAA2 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004078 UBERON:0010347 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 hyoid pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000795 UBERON:0010348 hyoid muscle plate uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 otic capsule pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000833 UBERON:0010349 otic capsule anlage uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 otic capsule cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001333 EHDAA:4704 EMAPA:17596 UBERON:0010351 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2-modified EHDAA2 Reichert's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:17351 UBERON:0010354 future Reichert's cartilage hyoid cartilage pre-cartilage condensation uberon EMAPA:17351 hyoid cartilage pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x ossification center Editors note: currently classified as a zone of a bone organ, but exists prior to bone ossifying FMA:75436 The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&. UBERON:0010355 center of ossification centrum ossificationis centrum ossificationis ossification centre uberon FMA:75436 ossification centre Wikipedia:Ossification_center centrum ossificationis FMA The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&. Wikipedia:Ossification_center FMA:TA centrum ossificationis Wikipedia:Ossification_center center of ossification primary ossification center A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers. FMA:75447 UBERON:0010356 ncithesaurus:Primary_Ossification_Center primarium primary ossification centre uberon FMA FMA:TA primarium FMA:75447 primary ossification centre A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers. Wikipedia:Ossification_center#Primary secondary ossification center A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared - most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in the epiphyses. FMA:75448 UBERON:0010357 secondary ossification centre secundarium uberon FMA:TA secundarium A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared - most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in the epiphyses. Wikipedia:Ossification_center#Secondary FMA FMA:75448 secondary ossification centre arch of centrum of vertebra AO notes: Note that humans do not have hemal arches, so VA=NA for FMA FMA:11946 UBERON:0010358 arch of vertebra arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) uberon vertebra arch vertebral arch MA:0001453 vertebra arch FMA:11946 arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) FMA:11946 vertebral arch FMA FMA:11946 arch of vertebra pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest Partially implements UBERONREF:0000002 NC meeting scheme UBERON:0010359 uberon pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Partially implements UBERONREF:0000002 NC meeting scheme UBERON:0010360 uberon synostosis FMA:7499 Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones are connected by bone. Examples: epiphyseal junction, manubriosternal synostosis. UBERON:0010361 ZFA:0005610 bony union junctura ossea uberon FMA:7499 bony union FMA:TA junctura ossea FMA FMA:7499 Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones are connected by bone. Examples: epiphyseal junction, manubriosternal synostosis. endoskeleton Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. UBERON:0010362 VSAO:0000037 XAO:0004026 replacement skeleton uberon Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. XAO:0004026 XAO XAO XAO:0004026 replacement skeleton endochondral element A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. UBERON:0010363 VSAO:0000139 XAO:0004017 ZFA:0005620 endochondral replacement element uberon VSAO:0000139 endochondral replacement element VSAO A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. VSAO:0000139 dermal skeleton Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. UBERON:0010364 VSAO:0000035 XAO:0004025 dermal skeletal system dermoskeleton desmoskeleton exoskeleton uberon VSAO:curator desmoskeleton Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. VSAO:0000035 VSAO:curator exoskeleton VSAO:curator dermal skeletal system VSAO:curator dermoskeleton VSAO odontoid tissue Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. UBERON:0010365 VSAO:0000063 XAO:0004046 ZFA:0005623 dental tissue ncithesaurus:Tooth_Tissue odontogenic tissue uberon VSAO VSAO VSAO Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. VSAO:0000063 VSAO:curator dental tissue VSAO:curator odontogenic tissue conjunctival vasculature FMA:70887 UBERON:0010366 conjunctival veins conjunctival veins set set of conjunctival veins uberon venae conjunctivales FMA:70887 conjunctival veins set FMA:70887 conjunctival veins FMA:TA venae conjunctivales FMA:70887 set of conjunctival veins conjunctival vein FMA:70887 UBERON:0010367 conjunctival blood vessel uberon pulmonary lobule FMA:75739 UBERON:0010368 ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Lobule uberon FMA secondary pulmonary lobule FMA:7414 UBERON:0010369 uberon FMA FMA tibial vein MA:0002243 One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein UBERON:0010370 ncithesaurus:Tibial_Vein uberon vena tibialis MA One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tibial+vein ecto-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the ectoderm. Examples: epithelium of acinus of lactiferous duct, subscapular lens epithelium, epithelium of posterior surface of cornea. FMA:69064 UBERON:0010371 ectoderm-derived epithelium uberon Epithelium that derives from the ectoderm. Examples: epithelium of acinus of lactiferous duct, subscapular lens epithelium, epithelium of posterior surface of cornea. FMA:69064 uncinate process of ethmoid FMA:57455 In the ethmoid bone, a curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha. SCTID:306373001 UBERON:0010372 processus uncinatus processus uncinatus ossis ethmoidalis uberon uncinate process uncinate process of the ethmoid uncinate process of the ethmoid bone In the ethmoid bone, a curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha. Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone FMA Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone processus uncinatus SCTID:306373001 uncinate process Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone uncinate process of the ethmoid Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone uncinate process of the ethmoid bone Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone processus uncinatus ossis ethmoidalis uncinate process of pancreas EMAPA:18823 FMA:15857 In the head of the pancreas, the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process. During the embryonic development of the distal foregut, the duodenum c-shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process[WP] SCTID:245383008 UBERON:0010373 Winslow's pancreas lesser pancreas ncithesaurus:Uncinate_Pancreas processus uncinatus (pancreas) processus uncinatus pancreatis uberon In the head of the pancreas, the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process. During the embryonic development of the distal foregut, the duodenum c-shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process[WP] Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_pancreas FMA FMA:15857 lesser pancreas Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_pancreas processus uncinatus pancreatis Wikipedia FMA:15857 Winslow's pancreas FMA FMA:15857 processus uncinatus (pancreas) pancreas dorsal primordium EHDAA2:0001384 UBERON:0010375 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 pancreas ventral primordium EHDAA2:0001387 UBERON:0010376 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 mesenchyme from somatopleure EHDAA2:0001120 UBERON:0010377 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 mesenchyme from splanchnopleure EHDAA2:0001122 UBERON:0010378 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 superior tarsal muscle Editors note: declaring this to be both smooth muscle and part of the LPS leads to a disjointness violation (smooth muscle and striated muscle) FMA:49058 Mueller's muscle Muller's muscle Müller's muscle The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid. UBERON:0010379 mueller muscle musculus tarsalis superior the superior tarsal muscle uberon FMA dbpedia underside of levator palpebrae superioris Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle the superior tarsal muscle Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle mueller muscle dbpedia FMA:49058 Mueller's muscle The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid. Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle musculus tarsalis superior Müller's muscle Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle Muller's muscle Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle enteric nerve MA:0001145 UBERON:0010380 uberon lumen of laryngopharynx FMA:55096 UBERON:0010384 laryngopharynx lumen uberon FMA:55096 laryngopharynx lumen peyer's patch follicle MA:0000732 UBERON:0010386 uberon Peyer's patch T cell area UBERON:0010387 the Peyer's patch area normally occupied by T lymphocytes uberon MP:0002392 the Peyer's patch area normally occupied by T lymphocytes proximal segment of rib MA:0001400 The proximal rib derives from the caudal half of somite[PMID:15906248] The segment of the rib that connects to a vertebra[MP]. a small part of the rib composed of the head, neck, tuberculum and a short proximal part of the body[PMID] UBERON:0010388 proximal part of rib proximal rib uberon MA PMID:15906248 proximal part of rib MA:0001400 proximal rib MP:0000152 PMID:15906248 The segment of the rib that connects to a vertebra[MP]. a small part of the rib composed of the head, neck, tuberculum and a short proximal part of the body[PMID] pterygoid bone AO notes: FMA dividers pterygoid process into medial and lateral plates FMA:54687 MA:0001471 UBERON:0010389 a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower jaw inner plate of pterygoid process lamina lateralis (processus pterygoideus) lamina lateralis processi pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis lateral lamina of pterygoid process lateral plate of pterygoid process lateral plate of sphenoid uberon a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower jaw http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Pterygoid+bone MA FMA:54687 MP:0004452 lamina lateralis (processus pterygoideus) FMA:54687 MP:0004452 lateral plate of pterygoid process FMA:54687 MP:0004452 lateral lamina of pterygoid process FMA:54687 MP:0004452 lateral plate of sphenoid MA:0001471 inner plate of pterygoid process MA FMA:TA MP:0004452 lamina lateralis processi pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis lumen of urethra FMA:19709 UBERON:0010390 uberon urethral lumen FMA:19709 urethral lumen parametrium FMA:77061 In women, the supravaginal portion of the cervix is separated in front from the bladder by fibrous tissue, the parametrium, which extends also on to its sides and laterally between the layers of the broad ligaments. The uterine artery and ovarian ligament are located in the parametrium. Inflammation causes Parametritis. SCTID:280455005 UBERON:0010391 ncithesaurus:Parametrium subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the broad ligament[MP] - todo - check relationships uberon FMA In women, the supravaginal portion of the cervix is separated in front from the bladder by fibrous tissue, the parametrium, which extends also on to its sides and laterally between the layers of the broad ligaments. The uterine artery and ovarian ligament are located in the parametrium. Inflammation causes Parametritis. Wikipedia:Parametrium B cell domain UBERON:0010392 todo - check uberon T cell domain UBERON:0010393 todo - check uberon lymphocyte domain UBERON:0010394 todo - check uberon lymph node primary follicle An unstimulated network of follicular dendritic cells and small resting B cells in the lymph node cortex. MA:0000743 UBERON:0010395 primary follicle of lymph node uberon An unstimulated network of follicular dendritic cells and small resting B cells in the lymph node cortex. MP:0002345 https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/6 afferent lymphatic vessel Lymphatic vessel that enters the lymph node. The afferent lymph vessels enter at all parts of the periphery of the lymph node, and after branching and forming a dense plexus in the substance of the capsule, open into the lymph sinuses of the cortical part. In doing this they lose all their coats except their endothelial lining, which is continuous with a layer of similar cells lining the lymph paths MA:0000748 UBERON:0010396 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_lymph_node_structure.png uberon vasa afferentia lymphoglandula vasa afferentia lymphoglandulae Lymphatic vessel that enters the lymph node. The afferent lymph vessels enter at all parts of the periphery of the lymph node, and after branching and forming a dense plexus in the substance of the capsule, open into the lymph sinuses of the cortical part. In doing this they lose all their coats except their endothelial lining, which is continuous with a layer of similar cells lining the lymph paths MP:MP Wikipedia:Afferent_lymphatic_vessels vasa afferentia lymphoglandula Wikipedia:Afferent_lymphatic_vessels vasa afferentia lymphoglandulae efferent lymphatic vessel Lymphatic vessel that exits the lymph node. The efferent lymphatic vessel commences from the lymph sinuses of the medullary portion of the lymph nodes and leave the lymph nodes either to veins or greater nodes. Efferent lymphatic vessels are also found in the thymus and spleen. This is in contrast to afferent lymphatic vessels, which are found only in lymph nodes. MA:0000749 UBERON:0010397 efferent lymphatic vessel efferent lymphatic vessels uberon Wikipedia:Efferent_lymph_vessel efferent lymphatic vessel Wikipedia:Efferent_lymph_vessel efferent lymphatic vessels Lymphatic vessel that exits the lymph node. The efferent lymphatic vessel commences from the lymph sinuses of the medullary portion of the lymph nodes and leave the lymph nodes either to veins or greater nodes. Efferent lymphatic vessels are also found in the thymus and spleen. This is in contrast to afferent lymphatic vessels, which are found only in lymph nodes. MP:MP spleen marginal sinus MA:0000754 Note that there is no consensus in the literature about which compartments constitute the white pulp or the ramifications of the microvasculature. In addition, notable differences exist between humans and rodents. In this ontology, the marginal sinus (which may not exist in human) has been included as part of the white pulp. The perifollicular zone, which is present in human and not rodents, may be the functional equivalent of the marginal sinus in rodents.[MP:0002363] UBERON:0010398 ncithesaurus:Splenic_Marginal_Sinus splenic marginal sinus the border region surrounding the spleen B cell follicles and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) that separates it from the marginal zone that mediates lymphocyte entry into the white pulp from the blood uberon MP:0002363 splenic marginal sinus MP:MP the border region surrounding the spleen B cell follicles and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) that separates it from the marginal zone that mediates lymphocyte entry into the white pulp from the blood spleen trabecular artery MA:0000759 UBERON:0010399 ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Artery one of the branches of the splenic artery uberon MP:0002354 one of the branches of the splenic artery spleen trabecular vein MA:0000760 UBERON:0010400 ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Vein one of the veins that feed the splenic vein uberon MP:0002228 one of the veins that feed the splenic vein spleen central arteriole A blood vessel surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that connects the trabecular artery to the trabecular vein MA:0000763 SCTID:282511007 UBERON:0010401 follicular arteriole splenic central arteriole uberon A blood vessel surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that connects the trabecular artery to the trabecular vein MP:MP MP:0002361 splenic central arteriole MP:0002361 follicular arteriole epidermis suprabasal layer MA:0000808 UBERON:0010402 suprabasal layer uberon MP:0001233 suprabasal layer cortical marginal zone MA:0000812 MZ TODO; add other marginal zones; determine correct developmental relationships UBERON:0010403 brain marginal zone cortical marginal zone developing superficial cortical layer located just under the pia matter. uberon MA:0000812 brain marginal zone MP:0000792 cortical marginal zone MP:0000792 MZ MP:MP developing superficial cortical layer located just under the pia matter. lateral ventricle subependymal layer BTO:0003090 MA:0000965 UBERON:0010404 uberon spinal cord lateral motor column Column of motor neurons which innervate muscles in the limb; motor neurons in the lateral motor column are further organized into pools, each of which innervates a specific muscle in the limb MA:0001129 UBERON:0010405 uberon Column of motor neurons which innervate muscles in the limb; motor neurons in the lateral motor column are further organized into pools, each of which innervates a specific muscle in the limb MP:MP cholinergic enteric nerve MA:0001146 UBERON:0010406 nerve fibers that utilize acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter to the intestinal system uberon MP:0001049 nerve fibers that utilize acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter to the intestinal system ocular angle artery FMA:49583 MA:0002010 The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery; it ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein. UBERON:0010408 angular artery ncithesaurus:Angular_Artery uberon MP:MP The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery; it ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein. FMA:49583 angular artery eye surface MA:0002486 UBERON:0010409 uberon inguinal fat pad MA:0002548 UBERON:0010410 encapsulated adipose tissue found in the groin uberon UBERON:0010388 encapsulated adipose tissue found in the groin retroperitoneal fat pad MA:0002549 UBERON:0010411 encapsulated adipose tissue found on the dorsal side of the peritoneum uberon MP:MP encapsulated adipose tissue found on the dorsal side of the peritoneum epididymal fat pad MA:0002550 UBERON:0010412 encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the epididymis periepididymal fat pad uberon MP:0009288 periepididymal fat pad MP:MP encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the epididymis parametrial fat pad MA:0002953 UBERON:0010413 encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the extension of the subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the broad ligament parametrial fat depot uberon MP:MP encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the extension of the subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the broad ligament MP:0009301 parametrial fat depot omental fat pad MA:0002956 UBERON:0010414 encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the fold of peritoneal tissue that extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon omental fat depot uberon MP:0010044 omental fat depot MP:MP encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the fold of peritoneal tissue that extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon barrel cortex ABA:SSp-bfd MA:0002712 The term barrel field of the primary somatosensory area refers to one of 6 subdivisions of the primary somesthetic area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other five are the lower limb of the primary somatosensory area, the mouth of the primary somatosensory area, the nose of the primary somatosensory area, the trunk of the primary somatosensory area and the upper limb of the primary somatosensory area. -- http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2703 UBERON:0010415 dark-staining regions of layer four of the somatosensory cortex where somatosensory inputs from the contralateral side of the body come in from the thalamus. Barrels are found in some species of rodents and species of at least two other orders. primary somatosensory area, barrel field uberon MP:MP dark-staining regions of layer four of the somatosensory cortex where somatosensory inputs from the contralateral side of the body come in from the thalamus. Barrels are found in some species of rodents and species of at least two other orders. ABA:SSp-bfd primary somatosensory area, barrel field lymph node B cell domain A part of the lymph node cortex in which B lymphocytes home to primary follicles to survey follicular dendritic cells (FDCs); antigen stimulated B cells proliferate and differentiate within the follicles forming distinctive germinal centers MA:0002851 UBERON:0010416 lymph node B cell dependent cortex lymph node B-cell domain nodular lymph node cortex uberon MP:0002344 lymph node B-cell domain A part of the lymph node cortex in which B lymphocytes home to primary follicles to survey follicular dendritic cells (FDCs); antigen stimulated B cells proliferate and differentiate within the follicles forming distinctive germinal centers MP:MP MP MP:0002344 nodular lymph node cortex MP:0002344 lymph node B cell dependent cortex lymph node T cell domain MA:0002852 SCTID:326870003 T cell zone of lymph node T zone of lymph node The paracortex and interfollicular cortex of the lymph node in which T lymphocytes home to survey dendritic cells UBERON:0010417 lymph node T cell dependent paracortex lymph node T zone lymph node T-cell domain lymph node deep cortex uberon MP MP:0002347 lymph node T cell dependent paracortex MP:0002347 lymph node T-cell domain MP:0002347 The paracortex and interfollicular cortex of the lymph node in which T lymphocytes home to survey dendritic cells MP:0002347 lymph node deep cortex urethral opening MA:0002867 UBERON:0010418 uberon vibrissa follicle EMAPA:26720 MA:0002910 UBERON:0010419 uberon lymph node follicular corona A part of the secondary follicle in which naive B cells reside along with some helper T cells, macrophages and follicular dendritic cells; these are displaced by the expanding germinal centre and form a 'mantle' around it MA:0002990 UBERON:0010420 lymph node dark zone lymph node follicular mantle lymph node inactive zone lymph node peripheral zone uberon CL:tm lymph node inactive zone MA A part of the secondary follicle in which naive B cells reside along with some helper T cells, macrophages and follicular dendritic cells; these are displaced by the expanding germinal centre and form a 'mantle' around it MP:MP MA:0002990 lymph node follicular mantle CL:tm lymph node peripheral zone CL:tm lymph node dark zone spleen B cell corona B cell domain of the spleen B lymphocyte domain of the spleen UBERON:0010421 UBERON:FMA_15843-MA_0002672 follicle mantle lymphocytic corona spleen B cell corona spleen B-cell corona spleen lymphocytic corona spleen mantle zone splenic B cell corona splenic corona the area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes uberon CL:tm PMID:17495967 https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/6 the area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes CL:tm MP:0002360 lymphocytic corona MP:0002360 follicle mantle CL:tm MP:0002360 spleen B-cell corona MP:0002360 splenic B cell corona B cell domain of the spleen MP:0002360 MP:0002360 spleen B cell corona CL:tm splenic corona CL:tm MP:0002360 spleen mantle zone CL:tm MP:0002360 spleen lymphocytic corona primary nodular lymphoid tissue A lymphoid follicle containing naive B cells FMA:55223 Location notes: The cortex of lymph nodes, the white pulp of spleen, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue all have these primary follicles UBERON:0010422 primary follicle primary lymphoid follicle primary lymphoid nodule uberon FMA:55223 primary lymphoid nodule A lymphoid follicle containing naive B cells CL:tm FMA primary lymphoid nodule of tonsil FMA:86018 UBERON:0010423 lymphoid nodule of tonsil uberon FMA:86018 lymphoid nodule of tonsil FMA distal segment of rib MA:0001397 The distal rib derives from both somite halves[PMID:15906248] UBERON:0010424 distal part of rib distal rib uberon MA MA:0001397 distal rib PMID:15906248 distal part of rib internal naris UBERON:0010425 choana internal nostril uberon MA oropharyngeal choana AAO:0000025 Taxon notes: Aves. Function notes: has function in pressure equalization in birds that fly to high altitudes UBERON:0010426 apertura nasalis interna cleft palate opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx via the roof of the mouth. oropharyngeal naris palatal choana palatal cleft uberon UBERON:cjm opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx via the roof of the mouth. AAO:0000025 apertura nasalis interna ciliary processes FMA:76551 SCTID:280860001 The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. UBERON:0010427 ciliary process ciliary processes ciliary processes set processus ciliares processus ciliares set of ciliary processes uberon Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes ciliary process FMA:TA processus ciliares Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes processus ciliares The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes FMA:76551 set of ciliary processes FMA:76551 ciliary processes FMA:76551 ciliary processes set flat bone FMA:7476 Flat bones are those bones which are found where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment, the bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula. These bones are composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. In an adult, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones. In the cranial bones, the layers of compact tissue are familiarly known as the tables of the skull; the outer one is thick and tough; the inner is thin, dense, and brittle, and hence is termed the vitreous table. The intervening cancellous tissue is called the diploC+, and this, in certain regions of the skull, becomes absorbed so as to leave spaces filled with air (air-sinuses) between the two tables. The flat bones are: the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs. SCTID:332907008 UBERON:0010428 ncithesaurus:Flat_Bone os planum uberon FMA Wikipedia:Flat_bone os planum Flat bones are those bones which are found where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment, the bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula. These bones are composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. In an adult, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones. In the cranial bones, the layers of compact tissue are familiarly known as the tables of the skull; the outer one is thick and tough; the inner is thin, dense, and brittle, and hence is termed the vitreous table. The intervening cancellous tissue is called the diploC+, and this, in certain regions of the skull, becomes absorbed so as to leave spaces filled with air (air-sinuses) between the two tables. The flat bones are: the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs. Wikipedia:Flat_bone zygomaticus muscle MA:0002404 One of: zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor UBERON:0010437 ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus origin: posterior braincase uberon zygomaticus MA:0002404 zygomaticus teres muscle SCTID:277440006 UBERON:0010467 ncithesaurus:Teres_Muscle teres uberon teres minor muscle FMA:32550 SCTID:277445001 UBERON:0010496 a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff musculus teres minor ncithesaurus:Teres_Minor_Muscle teres minor uberon dbpedia lateral border of the scapula FMA:32550 teres minor Wikipedia Wikipedia:Teres_minor_muscle musculus teres minor Wikipedia:Teres_minor_muscle a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff dbpedia inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus dbpedia pseudostratified columnar epithelium AO notes: glandular in NCIT FMA:45572 Simple columnar epithelium in which not all the cells may reach the luminal surface of the epithelium and the nuclei are aligned in more than one row. Examples: olfactory epithelium, epithelium of bronchus. UBERON:0010498 ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Epithelium uberon FMA FMA:45572 Simple columnar epithelium in which not all the cells may reach the luminal surface of the epithelium and the nuclei are aligned in more than one row. Examples: olfactory epithelium, epithelium of bronchus. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. FMA:13146 UBERON:0010499 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Ciliated_Epithelium uberon Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. NCIT:NCIT FMA:13146 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) FMA pseudostratified smooth columnar epithelium FMA:72059 UBERON:0010501 uberon FMA round ligament UBERON:0006588 UBERON:0006589 UBERON:0010504 true uberon periosteal dura mater FMA:231547 The outermost of the two layers of the cranial dura mater which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault UBERON:0010505 ncithesaurus:Periosteal_Layer_of_the_Dura_Mater outer layer of dura mater outer periosteal layer of dura mater periosteal dura periosteal layer of dura mater uberon FMA:231547 periosteal dura FMA:231547 outer layer of dura mater The outermost of the two layers of the cranial dura mater which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault UBERON:cjm FMA FMA:231547 periosteal layer of dura mater meningeal dura mater Editors note: not clear whether this should be classified as part of cranial dura mater, as the division only makes sense in this area FMA:231549 UBERON:0010506 inner layer of dura mater meningeal dura meningeal layer of dura mater ncithesaurus:Meningeal_Layer_of_the_Dura_Mater uberon FMA FMA:231549 meningeal layer of dura mater FMA:231549 meningeal dura FMA:231549 inner layer of dura mater layer of dura mater Editors note: not clear whether this should be classified as part of cranial dura mater, as the division only makes sense in this area FMA:231545 The intracranial dura mater, consisting of two layers: the outer periosteal layer which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault; and the inner meningeal layer which in most places is fused with the outer. The two layers separate to accommodate meningeal vessels and large venous (dural) sinuses. The meningeal layer is also involved in the formation of the various dural folds, such as the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli and is comparable to and continuous with the dural mater of the spinal cord. The cranial epidural space is then a potential space between the bone and the combined periosteum/periosteal layer of the dura mater realised only pathologically and is neither continuous with or comparable to the vertebral epidural space UBERON:0010507 uberon FMA The intracranial dura mater, consisting of two layers: the outer periosteal layer which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault; and the inner meningeal layer which in most places is fused with the outer. The two layers separate to accommodate meningeal vessels and large venous (dural) sinuses. The meningeal layer is also involved in the formation of the various dural folds, such as the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli and is comparable to and continuous with the dural mater of the spinal cord. The cranial epidural space is then a potential space between the bone and the combined periosteum/periosteal layer of the dura mater realised only pathologically and is neither continuous with or comparable to the vertebral epidural space http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?periosteal+layer+of+dura+mater FMA strand of pelage hair MA:0001897 UBERON:0010509 pelage hair uberon MA:0001897 pelage hair strand of auchene hair A truncal hair that has a single constriction and bend about midway along the hair shaft, and contains two or more air cells in the medulla MA:0001893 UBERON:0010510 auchene hair uberon MA A truncal hair that has a single constriction and bend about midway along the hair shaft, and contains two or more air cells in the medulla MP:0000405 MA:0001893 auchene hair strand of awl hair A truncal hairs that is straight, but shorter than a guard hair, and contain two or more air cells in the medulla MA:0001894 UBERON:0010511 awl hair uberon A truncal hairs that is straight, but shorter than a guard hair, and contain two or more air cells in the medulla MP:0000400 Wikipedia:Awn_hair MA MA:0001894 awl hair strand of guard hair A long, straight truncal hair that contains two air cells in the medulla[MP]. A strand of hair from the top layer consisting of longer, often coarser, straight shafts of hair that stick out through the underfur. This is usually the visible layer for most mammals and contains most of the pigmentation. It protects the underfur from outside factors, such as rain, and is thus often water-repellent. MA:0001896 UBERON:0010512 guard hair uberon MA A long, straight truncal hair that contains two air cells in the medulla[MP]. A strand of hair from the top layer consisting of longer, often coarser, straight shafts of hair that stick out through the underfur. This is usually the visible layer for most mammals and contains most of the pigmentation. It protects the underfur from outside factors, such as rain, and is thus often water-repellent. MP:0006365 Wikipedia:Guard_hair MA:0001896 guard hair strand of zigzag hair A truncal hair that has two or more sharp bends with diameter constrictions at the bends, and contain one air cell in the medulla. MA:0001898 UBERON:0010513 uberon zigzag hair A truncal hair that has two or more sharp bends with diameter constrictions at the bends, and contain one air cell in the medulla. MP:0006366 MA:0001898 zigzag hair MA strand of duvet hair A strand of hair from the fine underhair of the coat AO notes - not a pelage hair in MA, but is in MP MA:0001895 UBERON:0010514 duvet hair uberon A strand of hair from the fine underhair of the coat MP:0000408 MA MA:0001895 duvet hair brille Taxon notes: In snakes, there is no eyelid and the brille is clear and cannot be distinguished except when the animal is becoming ready for ecdysis. At that time, it becomes cloudy and is visible as a cover over the eye. When the snake moults, the brille is also shed as part of its skin. The Brilles protect their eyes from dust and dirt and gives them a "glassy-eyed" blank appearance Snakes, flap-footed lizards, night lizards, and some skinks have brilles. All geckos except those in the subfamily Eublepharinae (eyelid geckos) possess brilles. Fish also have transparent eyelids called adipose eyelids. UBERON:0010515 eye cap layer of transparent, immovable disc-shaped skin or scale covering the eyes of some animals for protection, especially in animals without eyelids. The brille has evolved from a fusion of the upper and lower eyelids. ocular scale uberon Wikipedia:Brille layer of transparent, immovable disc-shaped skin or scale covering the eyes of some animals for protection, especially in animals without eyelids. The brille has evolved from a fusion of the upper and lower eyelids. clasper Taxon notes: the term is also used for insect claspers, but we reserve it for the elasmobranchii structure UBERON:0010516 a male anatomical structure found some groups of animals, used in mating. Male cartilaginous fish have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve as intromittent organs used to channel semen into the female's cloaca during mating. The act of mating in some fish including sharks usually includes one of the claspers raised to allow water into the siphon through a specific orifice. The clasper is then inserted into the vagina, where it opens like an umbrella to anchor its position. The siphon then begins to contract expelling water and sperm. Male chimaeras have cephalic claspers on their heads, which are thought to aid in holding the female during mating uberon Wikipedia Wikipedia:clasper a male anatomical structure found some groups of animals, used in mating. Male cartilaginous fish have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve as intromittent organs used to channel semen into the female's cloaca during mating. The act of mating in some fish including sharks usually includes one of the claspers raised to allow water into the siphon through a specific orifice. The clasper is then inserted into the vagina, where it opens like an umbrella to anchor its position. The siphon then begins to contract expelling water and sperm. Male chimaeras have cephalic claspers on their heads, which are thought to aid in holding the female during mating cephalic clasper A mace-like spiny-headed rod found on the mid-dorsal surface of heads of male Holocephali. Thought to aid in holding the female during copulation. UBERON:0010517 anterior tenaculum head clasper tenaculum uberon A mace-like spiny-headed rod found on the mid-dorsal surface of heads of male Holocephali. Thought to aid in holding the female during copulation. Wikipedia:Chimaera#Description_and_tastes http://fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=tenaculum http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=cephalic+clasper head clasper http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=head+clasper pelvic fin clasper The rod-like extension of the medial portion of the pelvic fin in male Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. Claspers are used as intromittent organs (not in clasping), the grooves on their facing surfaces together forming a tube for the transmission of sperm when the claspers are held together. The anterior proximal opening is called the apopyle, the posterior distal opening the rhipidion UBERON:0010518 clapser myxopterygium uberon http://fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=clasper myxopterygium The rod-like extension of the medial portion of the pelvic fin in male Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. Claspers are used as intromittent organs (not in clasping), the grooves on their facing surfaces together forming a tube for the transmission of sperm when the claspers are held together. The anterior proximal opening is called the apopyle, the posterior distal opening the rhipidion http://fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=clasper tail electric organ BTO:0000376 UBERON:0010519 uberon head electric organ Taxon notes: electric ray UBERON:0010520 uberon electroreceptor organ UBERON:0010521 uberon replacement element Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. UBERON:0010522 VSAO:0000135 XAO:0004016 ZFA:0005624 uberon Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. VSAO:0000135 VSAO microcirculatory vessel A portion of tissue that consists of a tube composed of epithelial cells that connects larger vessels. TAO:0005251 UBERON:0010523 ZFA:0005251 uberon vasculature A portion of tissue that consists of a tube composed of epithelial cells that connects larger vessels. ZFA:0005251 ZFA ZFA:0005251 vasculature fibularis tertius FMA:22538 SCTID:181701000 The peroneus tertius (also known as fibularis tertius) is a muscle of the human body located in the lower limb. The muscle arises from the lower third of the anterior surface of the fibula; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; and from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus brevis. The tendon, after passing under the superior extensor retinaculum of foot and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus, is inserted into the dorsal surface of the base of the metatarsal bone of the 5th digit. It is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Its action is that of weak dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and to evert the foot at the ankle joint. UBERON:0010524 fibularis tertius fibularis tertius muscle musculus peroneus tertius peronaeus tertius peroneus tertius peroneus tertius muscle uberon Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius peroneus tertius muscle FMA:TA musculus peroneus tertius Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius fibularis tertius muscle Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius peroneus tertius FMA:22538 peroneus tertius Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius peronaeus tertius The peroneus tertius (also known as fibularis tertius) is a muscle of the human body located in the lower limb. The muscle arises from the lower third of the anterior surface of the fibula; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; and from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus brevis. The tendon, after passing under the superior extensor retinaculum of foot and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus, is inserted into the dorsal surface of the base of the metatarsal bone of the 5th digit. It is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Its action is that of weak dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and to evert the foot at the ankle joint. Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius_muscle Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius fibularis tertius fibularis brevis FMA:22540 SCTID:181704008 The peroneus brevis muscle (or fibularis brevis) lies under cover of the peroneus longus, and is a shorter and smaller muscle. UBERON:0010526 fibularis brevis musculus peroneus brevis peronaeus brevis peroneus brevis peroneus brevis muscle peronius brevis uberon Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis fibularis brevis Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis peronius brevis FMA:22540 peroneus brevis Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis peroneus brevis muscle FMA:TA musculus peroneus brevis The peroneus brevis muscle (or fibularis brevis) lies under cover of the peroneus longus, and is a shorter and smaller muscle. Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis peronaeus brevis dbpedia cavity of bone organ FMA:24021 UBERON:0010527 bone organ cavity uberon FMA:24021 bone organ cavity pneumatic cavity of bone FMA:24028 UBERON:0010528 air space of bone uberon FMA:24028 air space of bone FMA metanephros induced blastemal cells . EHDAA2:0001143 EHDAA:7007 EHDAA:8105 EMAPA:17645 EMAPA:17953 UBERON:0010531 VHOG:0001241 induced blastemal cells peripheral blastema uberon . http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/turinary/urinhaute03.html VHOG:0001241 induced blastemal cells EMAPA:17953 peripheral blastema EHDAA2 primitive nephron UBERON:0010532 developing nephron primitive nephron uberon EHDAA2-inferred ZFA-inferred EHDAA2 metanephros cortex The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0010533 VHOG:0000714 uberon VHOG GO:0072214 The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros[GO]. primitive mesonephric nephron Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. UBERON:0010534 ZFA:0005584 developing mesonephric nephron primitive mesonephric nephron uberon ZFA:0005584 developing mesonephric nephron Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. ZFA:0005587 primitive metanephric nephron EHDAA2:0001516 UBERON:0010535 developing metanephric nephron primitive metanephric nephron primitive nephron uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0001516 primitive nephron nephron progenitor UBERON:0010536 uberon ZFA cjm mesonephric nephron progenitor Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. UBERON:0010537 ZFA:0005587 uberon Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. ZFA:0005587 limb/fin segment UBERON:0010538 uberon tarsus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001978 UBERON:0010540 uberon EHDAA2 tarsus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001977 UBERON:0010541 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 skeleton of acropodium Editor notes: this is not defined in terms of a region, unlike the other autopod subdivisions Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges. FMA:231315 UBERON:0010543 VSAO:0005028 acropodial skeleton acropodium acropodium skeleton digit skeleton digital skeleton set of phalanges skeleton of digits uberon FMA:231315 set of phalanges Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges. VSAO:0005028 VSAO:NI VSAO:0005028 VSAO:NI acropodium metacarpus skeleton AAO:0000946 FMA:71336 MESH:A.02.835.232.087.535 The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0010544 VSAO:0005026 XAO:0003208 anterior metapodium anterior metapodium skeleton fore metapodium fore metapodium skeleton metacarpal bones metacarpal skeleton metacarpalia metacarpals [I-V] metacarpals set set of metacarpal bones set of metacarpals set of metacarpals [I-V] skeleton of metacarpus uberon FMA:71336 metacarpal bones AAO:0000946 MA:th fore metapodium http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial many to one VSAO:0005026 VSAO:NI anterior metapodium FMA:71336 set of metacarpal bones Wikipedia:Metacarpus metacarpalia FMA:71336 metacarpals [I-V] FMA:71336 metacarpals set FMA:71336 set of metacarpals [I-V] FMA:71336 set of metacarpals The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metacarpus XAO metatarsus skeleton AAO:0000221 FMA:71340 Limb segment that consists of the long bones of the foot. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. MESH:A.01.378.610.250.300.480 OpenCyc:Mx4rva_rBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0010545 VSAO:0005027 XAO:0003212 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png metatarsal bones set metatarsal skeleton metatarsals [I-V] posterior metapodium posterior metapodium skeleton set of metatarsal bones set of metatarsals [I-V] skeleton of metatarsus uberon FMA:71340 metatarsal bones set XAO many to one FMA:71340 metatarsals [I-V] FMA:71340 set of metatarsal bones FMA:71340 set of metatarsals [I-V] Limb segment that consists of the long bones of the foot. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. Wikipedia:Metatarsus VSAO:0005027 VSAO:NI posterior metapodium metapodium skeleton Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals. UBERON:0010546 VSAO:0005025 metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton metapodium skeleton of metapodium uberon Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals. VSAO:0005025 VSAO:NI VSAO:0005025 VSAO:NI metapodium toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002040 EMAPA:17725 UBERON:0010547 uberon toe 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002045 EMAPA:17727 UBERON:0010548 uberon toe 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002050 EMAPA:17729 UBERON:0010549 uberon toe 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002055 EMAPA:17731 UBERON:0010550 uberon toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002060 EMAPA:17733 UBERON:0010551 uberon toe 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18106 UBERON:0010557 uberon toe 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18111 UBERON:0010558 uberon toe 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18116 UBERON:0010559 uberon toe 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18121 UBERON:0010560 uberon toe 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18126 UBERON:0010561 uberon toe 1 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002039 EMAPA:17462 UBERON:0010562 uberon finger 1 mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000513 EMAPA:17431 UBERON:0010564 uberon finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000515 EMAPA:17714 UBERON:0010565 uberon finger 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000521 EMAPA:17716 UBERON:0010566 uberon finger 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000527 EMAPA:17718 UBERON:0010567 uberon finger 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000533 EMAPA:17720 UBERON:0010568 uberon finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000539 EMAPA:17722 UBERON:0010569 uberon finger 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000514 EMAPA:18065 UBERON:0010570 uberon finger 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000520 EMAPA:18070 UBERON:0010571 uberon finger 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000526 EMAPA:18075 UBERON:0010572 uberon finger 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000532 EMAPA:18080 UBERON:0010573 uberon finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000538 EMAPA:18085 UBERON:0010574 uberon finger 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000516 EMAPA:17715 UBERON:0010575 uberon finger 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000522 EMAPA:17717 UBERON:0010576 uberon finger 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000528 EMAPA:17719 UBERON:0010577 uberon finger 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000534 EMAPA:17721 UBERON:0010578 uberon finger 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000540 EMAPA:17723 UBERON:0010579 uberon toe 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002041 EMAPA:17726 UBERON:0010580 uberon toe 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002046 EMAPA:17728 UBERON:0010581 uberon toe 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002051 EMAPA:17730 UBERON:0010582 uberon toe 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002056 EMAPA:17732 UBERON:0010583 uberon toe 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002061 EMAPA:17734 UBERON:0010584 uberon toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010585 uberon finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010586 uberon finger 1 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18066 UBERON:0010675 uberon finger 2 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18071 UBERON:0010676 uberon finger 3 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18076 UBERON:0010677 uberon finger 4 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18081 UBERON:0010678 uberon finger 5 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18086 UBERON:0010679 uberon toe 1 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18107 UBERON:0010680 uberon toe 2 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18112 UBERON:0010681 uberon toe 3 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18117 UBERON:0010682 uberon toe 4 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18122 UBERON:0010683 uberon toe 5 phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:18127 UBERON:0010684 uberon toe phalanx cartilage condensation UBERON:0010685 uberon finger phalanx cartilage condensation UBERON:0010686 uberon toe metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010687 uberon skeleton of anterior acropodium Endochondral acropodial bones forming the distalmost section of the anterior autopodium. FMA:71337 UBERON:0010688 VSAO:0005029 all phalanges in forelimb autopod anterior acropodium fore acropodium skeleton hand digit skeleton manual phalanges phalanges of hand set of phalanges of hand uberon FMA:71337 set of phalanges of hand Endochondral acropodial bones forming the distalmost section of the anterior autopodium. VSAO:0005029 VSAO:NI VSAO:0005029 VSAO:NI anterior acropodium FMA:71337 phalanges of hand VSAO:0005029 VSAO:NI manual phalanges finger 1 epithelium EHDAA2:0000512 EMAPA:17430 UBERON:0010690 uberon toe 1 epithelium EHDAA2:0002038 EMAPA:17461 UBERON:0010693 uberon mesenchyme of tarsal region EMAPA:18500 Mesenchyme of the carpal region that conributes to the tarsal skeleton. UBERON:0010695 uberon Mesenchyme of the carpal region that conributes to the tarsal skeleton. UBERON:cjm skeleton of posterior acropodium FMA:78512 UBERON:0010696 VSAO:0005030 all phalanges in hindlimb autopod foot digit skeleton hind acropodium skeleton pedal phalanges phalanges of foot posterior acropodium set of phalanges of foot uberon FMA:78512 phalanges of foot VSAO:0005030 VSAO:NI posterior acropodium FMA:78512 set of phalanges of foot VSAO:0005030 VSAO:NI pedal phalanges toe metatarsal cartilage condensation UBERON:0010697 uberon finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010698 uberon finger metacarpus cartilage condensation UBERON:0010699 uberon phalanx pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010700 uberon phalanx cartilage condensation UBERON:0010701 uberon digit mesenchyme UBERON:0010702 uberon forelimb zeugopod skeleton AAO:0000200 FMA:71199 The collection of all skeletal elements in an forelimb zeugopod region. UBERON:0010703 VSAO:0005011 anterior zeugopodium anterior zeugopodium skeleton fore epipodium fore epipodium skeleton forearm skeleton forelimb epipodium forelimb epipodium skeleton skeleton of forearm uberon VSAO:0005011 VSAO:NI forelimb epipodium FMA:71199 forearm skeleton FMA:71199 skeleton of forearm VSAO:0005011 VSAO:NI anterior zeugopodium skeleton VSAO:0005011 VSAO:NI anterior zeugopodium The collection of all skeletal elements in an forelimb zeugopod region. UBERON:cjm AAO:0000200 fore epipodium parenchyma of quadrate lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001014 EMAPA:18320 FMA:71676 UBERON:0010704 liver right quadrate lobe parenchyma parenchyma of quadrate lobe uberon EHDAA2:0001014 liver right quadrate lobe parenchyma EMAPA:18320 parenchyma of quadrate lobe parenchyma of caudate lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001007 EMAPA:18315 FMA:71659 UBERON:0010706 liver right caudate lobe parenchyma parenchyma of caudate lobe uberon EHDAA2:0001007 liver right caudate lobe parenchyma EMAPA:18315 parenchyma of caudate lobe appendage girdle complex 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its accociated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). FMA:7182 It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] UBERON:0010707 VSAO:0000214 appendage complex appendage-girdle complex girdle plus limb or fin haendel limb uberon UBERON:cjm appendage complex FMA:7182 limb UBERON:cjm girdle plus limb or fin An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its accociated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 UBERON:cjm appendage-girdle complex pectoral complex Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. FMA:7183 UBERON:0010708 VSAO:0000213 pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin uberon upper limb FMA:7183 upper limb UBERON:cjm pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. VSAO:0000213 pelvic complex Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. FMA:7184 Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may belong here SCTID:416631005 UBERON:0010709 VSAO:0000215 lower limb pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin uberon UBERON:cjm pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin FMA:7184 lower limb Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. VSAO:0000215 pectoral fin skeleton EFO:0003594 Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid. TAO:0000943 UBERON:0010710 VSAO:0000153 ZFA:0000943 forefin skeleton uberon Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid. TAO:wd TAO:0000943 forefin skeleton TAO pelvic fin skeleton AO Notes: the girdle is part of the pelvic fin skeleton in ZFA - needs resolved Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radialsB and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia. TAO:0001387 UBERON:0010711 VSAO:0000154 ZFA:0001387 uberon Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radialsB and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia. TAO:0001387 TAO limb skeleton subdivision Editor notes - note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton. UBERON:0010712 VSAO:0005018 uberon Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton. VSAO:0005018 VSAO:NI VSAO paired fin skeleton TAO:0000027 The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin. UBERON:0010713 VSAO:0000169 ZFA:0000027 uberon The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin. UBERON:cjm iliac cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000808 EMAPA:18347 UBERON:0010714 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 pubic cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001573 UBERON:0010718 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 girdle skeleton AAO:0010686 AO notes: AAO treats the girdles as part of the appendicular skeleton The subdivision of the skeleton of one of the pectoral or pelvic girdles. UBERON:0010719 uberon The subdivision of the skeleton of one of the pectoral or pelvic girdles. UBERON:cjm hindlimb zeugopod skeleton AAO:0000216 The collection of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb zeugopod region. UBERON:0010720 VSAO:0005014 hind epipodium hindlimb epipodium posterior zeugopodium posterior zeugopodium skeleton uberon AAO:0000216 hind epipodium VSAO:0005014 VSAO:NI hindlimb epipodium The collection of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb zeugopod region. UBERON:cjm VSAO:0005014 posterior zeugopodium distal tarsal bone AAO:0000914 FMA:24517 SCTID:182102002 There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform the intermediate cuneiform also known as the middle the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone[WP, unvetted, human specific]. UBERON:0010721 cuneiform bone distal tarsal distal tarsal bone ncithesaurus:Cuneiform_Bone_of_the_Foot os cuneiform uberon AAO:0000914 distal tarsal There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform the intermediate cuneiform also known as the middle the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone[WP, unvetted, human specific]. Wikipedia:Cuneiform_%28anatomy%29 FMA:24517 cuneiform bone accessory bone A bone which does not occur frequently in the body but is still present in a significantly large number of organisms UBERON:0010722 uberon A bone which does not occur frequently in the body but is still present in a significantly large number of organisms Wikipedia:Accessory_bone vesalian bone SCTID:182149003 UBERON:0010723 an accessory bone located proximal to the base of the fifth metatarsal. Its prevalence has been reported to be from 0.1% to 1.0%. This bone is found within the peroneus brevis tendon and is considered to be asymptomatic in the majority of people os vesalianum pedis uberon PMID:16291851 an accessory bone located proximal to the base of the fifth metatarsal. Its prevalence has been reported to be from 0.1% to 1.0%. This bone is found within the peroneus brevis tendon and is considered to be asymptomatic in the majority of people lateral tubercle of talus An accessory bone tubercle which if present lies posterior to the talus FMA:33655 UBERON:0010724 accessory talus os trigonum os trigonum of talus tuberculum laterale (talus) uberon FMA An accessory bone tubercle which if present lies posterior to the talus Wikipedia:Os_trigonum FMA:33655 tuberculum laterale (talus) FMA:TA os trigonum FMA:33655 os trigonum of talus Wikipedia:Os_trigonum accessory talus accessory navicular bone UBERON:0010725 an accessory bone of the foot that occasionally develops abnormally in front of the ankle towards the inside of the foot. This bone may be present in approximately 2.5% of the general population and is usually asymptomatic uberon Wikipedia:Accessory_navicular_bone an accessory bone of the foot that occasionally develops abnormally in front of the ankle towards the inside of the foot. This bone may be present in approximately 2.5% of the general population and is usually asymptomatic os vesalianum manus UBERON:0010726 http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/SkeletalSystem/Images/94.jpg uberon sutural bone A piece of bone that is located within a suture in the cranium. SCTID:272677004 UBERON:0010727 uberon wormian bone FMA FMA:59327 wormian bone A piece of bone that is located within a suture in the cranium. Wikipedia:Wormian_bones sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0003449 UBERON:0010728 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0003448 UBERON:0010732 sphenoid greater wing pre-cartilage condensation uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0003448 sphenoid greater wing pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2 alisphenoid cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0003450 UBERON:0010733 sphenoid greater wing cartilage condensation uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0003450 sphenoid greater wing cartilage condensation distal tarsal bone 4 AAO:0000932 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 4. UBERON:0001455 UBERON:0010737 VSAO:0005055 We need to restrict the logical definition such that it is *only* connecting to metatarsal 4 cuboideum distal tarsal 4 tarsal 4 uberon VSAO:0005055 distal tarsal 4 VSAO:0005055 cuboideum AAO:0000932 tarsal 4 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 4. VSAO:0005055 distal tarsal bone 5 AAO:0000933 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 5. UBERON:0010738 VSAO:0005056 We need to restrict the logical definition such that it is *only* connecting to metatarsal 5 cuboideum distal tarsal 5 tarsal 5 uberon AAO:0000933 tarsal 5 Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 5. VSAO:0005056 VSAO:0005056 distal tarsal 5 VSAO:0005056 cuboideum distal carpal bone 5 AAO:0000851 Taxon notes: lost in most reptiles and mammals[VSAO]. Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(V). It may be fused to carpal 4(3), 5(4), the ulnare, radiale, or other elements[AAO] UBERON:0010739 VSAO:0005047 carpal 5 distal carpal 5 endochondral carpal bone similar to distal carpal 4, but lost in most reptiles and mammals. hamate os hamatum uberon unciform uncinate VSAO:0005047 os hamatum VSAO:0005047 distal carpal 5 VSAO:0005047 endochondral carpal bone similar to distal carpal 4, but lost in most reptiles and mammals. AAO:0000851 carpal 5 VSAO:0005047 unciform VSAO:0005047 uncinate VSAO:0005047 hamate bone of appendage girdle complex A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). MA:0000688 UBERON:0010740 bone of extended limb/fin region limb bone uberon UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 bone of extended limb/fin region UBERONREF:0000003 MA:0000688 UBERONREF:0000003 limb bone A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 bone of pectoral complex A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, hand phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. AO notes - note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here MA:0000612 UBERON:0010741 bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle forelimb bone uberon UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle MA:0000612 UBERONREF:0000003 forelimb bone A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, hand phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 bone of pelvic complex A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. MA:0000660 UBERON:0010742 hindlimb bone uberon A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 MA MA:0000660 UBERONREF:0000003 hindlimb bone meningeal cluster EHDAA2:0004661 FMA:231572 In some primitive organisms, the meningeal cluster includes only the primitive meninx SCTID:362879001 The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system. UBERON:0010743 cluster of meninges meninges uberon The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system. UBERON:cjm FMA:231572 cluster of meninges FMA:231572 meninges sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001774 EMAPA:17677 UBERON:0010744 sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0001774 sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group Aves Christ et al 200 PMID:21455939 sacral vertebra cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001773 EMAPA:18009 UBERON:0010745 sacral vertebral cartilage condensation group uberon EHDAA2:0001773 sacral vertebral cartilage condensation group EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 wing of ilium FMA:42826 SCTID:182024000 The wing of ilium (or ala) is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. It presents for examination two surfacesban external and an internalba crest, and two borders - an anterior and a posterior. UBERON:0010746 a. ossis ilii ala of ilium ala ossis ilii ala ossis ilii ilium ala uberon The wing of ilium (or ala) is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. It presents for examination two surfacesban external and an internalba crest, and two borders - an anterior and a posterior. Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium FMA:TA ala ossis ilii Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium ala ossis ilii FMA FMA:42826 ala of ilium Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium a. ossis ilii FMA:42826 ilium ala body of ilium FMA:42825 SCTID:292524005 The body of ilium enters into the formation of the acetabulum, of which it forms rather less than two-fifths. Its external surface is partly articular, partly non-articular; the articular segment forms part of the lunate surface of the acetabulum, the non-articular portion contributes to the acetabular fossa. The internal surface of the body is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to some fibers of the Obturator internus. Below, it is continuous with the pelvic surfaces of the ischium and pubis, only a faint line indicating the place of union. UBERON:0010747 corpus ossis ilii ilium body uberon Wikipedia:Body_of_ilium corpus ossis ilii FMA:42825 ilium body FMA The body of ilium enters into the formation of the acetabulum, of which it forms rather less than two-fifths. Its external surface is partly articular, partly non-articular; the articular segment forms part of the lunate surface of the acetabulum, the non-articular portion contributes to the acetabular fossa. The internal surface of the body is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to some fibers of the Obturator internus. Below, it is continuous with the pelvic surfaces of the ischium and pubis, only a faint line indicating the place of union. Wikipedia:Body_of_ilium lymph node follicle MA:0000742 UBERON:0010748 follicle of lymph node uberon MP-def middle pharyngeal constrictor FMA:46622 SCTID:244802003 The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle, smaller than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. UBERON:0010749 constrictor medius constrictor pharyngis medius constrictores pharyngis medius hyopharyngeus middle constrictor middle constrictor middle constrictor muscle middle constrictor of pharynx middle constrictor pharyngeus middle pharyngeal constrictor musculus constrictor pharyngis medius musculus constrictor pharyngis medius ncithesaurus:Middle_Constrictor_Muscle uberon Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle constrictor medius FMA:46622 middle constrictor pharyngeus FMA:TA musculus constrictor pharyngis medius dbpedia Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle middle constrictor The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle, smaller than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle FMA:46622 middle constrictor Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle musculus constrictor pharyngis medius Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle constrictores pharyngis medius FMA Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle middle pharyngeal constrictor FMA:46622 middle constrictor of pharynx Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle constrictor pharyngis medius prefrontal bone AAO:0000460 Taxon notes: It first evolved in the sarcopterygian clade Rhipidistia, which includes lungfish and the Tetrapodomorpha. The prefrontal is found in most modern and extinct lungfish, amphibians and reptiles. It is very small, fused to the frontals or lost in many groups of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs and is completely absent in their modern descendants, the birds. The prefrontal was also lost in early mammaliaforms and so is not present in modern mammals either[WP] UBERON:0010750 a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dromaeosaurus_skull_en.svg/180px-Dromaeosaurus_skull_en.svg.png prefrontal uberon Wikipedia:Prefrontal_bone a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls AAO:0000460 prefrontal squamous part of temporal bone primordium EHDAA2:0001907 EHDAA:9536 UBERON:0010751 uberon exoccipital cartilage condensation EMAPA:18339 UBERON:0010752 uberon EMAPA lymph node secondary follicle A secondary follicle that is located in a lymph node MA:0000744 UBERON:0010753 uberon A secondary follicle that is located in a lymph node CL:tm MA germinal center A collection of activated B cells at the center of a secondary follicle, formed after B cells become activated and migrate to the center. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.[GO] BTO:0003671 EV:0100051 MESH:A.10.549.250 SCTID:64626006 UBERON:0010754 central zone of follice light zone of follicle lymhpoid nodule ncithesaurus:Germinal_Center nodule reaction center of follicle uberon CL:tm nodule CL:tm lymhpoid nodule CL:tm reaction center of follicle CL:tm light zone of follicle CL:tm central zone of follice A collection of activated B cells at the center of a secondary follicle, formed after B cells become activated and migrate to the center. CL:tm UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Germinal_center secondary follicle corona B cell corona The part of the secondary follicle that surrounds the germinal center. UBERON:0010755 dark zone of follicle inactive zone of follicle mantle zone ncithesaurus:Mantle_Zone peripheral zone of follicle uberon CL:tm dark zone of follicle CL:tm The part of the secondary follicle that surrounds the germinal center. UBERON:cjm CL:tm peripheral zone of follicle CL:tm inactive zone of follicle spleen follicular dendritic cell network FDC network FDCN The follicular dendritic cell network is often visualized by using the monoclonal antibody FDC-M2. UBERON:0010756 spleen FDC network splenic follicular dendritic cell network the enmeshed group of antigen presenting cells with extensive dendritic processes in the spleen B cell follicle that present antigen to B cells during an immune response uberon MP:0008473 splenic follicular dendritic cell network FDC network MP:0008473 FDCN MP:0008473 MP:0008473 the enmeshed group of antigen presenting cells with extensive dendritic processes in the spleen B cell follicle that present antigen to B cells during an immune response MP:0008473 spleen FDC network rib 8 8 FMA:8120 MA:0001408 SCTID:244663007 UBERON:0010757 elements are to be defined spatially/topologically ncithesaurus:Rib_8 uberon appendage segment FBbt:00007018 UBERON:0010758 uberon equine distal sesamoid SCTID:370654009 UBERON:0010759 lies on the palmar aspect of the coffin joint between the second phalanx and third phalanx. articulates closely with the distal phalanx, to which it is connected by the impar ligament of the navicular bone. The impar ligament is very strong and permits relatively little motion between the navicular bone and the distal phalanx. navicular bone uberon Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_sesamoid navicular bone Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_sesamoid Wikipedia:Navicular_bone#Horse_anatomy lies on the palmar aspect of the coffin joint between the second phalanx and third phalanx. articulates closely with the distal phalanx, to which it is connected by the impar ligament of the navicular bone. The impar ligament is very strong and permits relatively little motion between the navicular bone and the distal phalanx. supraglenoid tubercle FMA:23263 The supraglenoid tubercle is a region of the scapula to which the long head of the biceps brachii muscle attaches. UBERON:0010760 supraglenoid tuberosity tuberculum supraglenoidale uberon FMA:23263 supraglenoid tuberosity The supraglenoid tubercle is a region of the scapula to which the long head of the biceps brachii muscle attaches. Wikipedia:Supraglenoid_tubercle FMA Wikipedia:Supraglenoid_tubercle tuberculum supraglenoidale calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:17736 UBERON:0010801 calcaneous pre-cartilage condensation uberon calcaneum cartilage condensation EMAPA:18143 UBERON:0010842 calcaneous cartilage condensation uberon clavicle cartilaginous condensation EMAPA:18342 In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4] UBERON:0010843 uberon clavicle pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:18026 In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4] UBERON:0010844 uberon radius pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001586 Editor notes: still to decide whether this is a distinct pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010846 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ulna pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002100 EHDAA:6226 UBERON:0010847 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 radius-ulna cartilage condensation AO notes: note that this is not represented as a single unit in EHDAA2 EMAPA:17711 UBERON:0010848 radio-ulna cartilage condensation uberon EMAPA:17711 radio-ulna cartilage condensation EMAPA tibia cartilaginous condensation EMAPA:18155 UBERON:0010849 uberon EMAPA tibia pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002036 UBERON:0010850 uberon EHDAA2 fibula cartilaginous condensation EMAPA:18154 UBERON:0010851 fibulal cartilage condensation fibular cartilage condensation uberon EMAPA:18154 fibulal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18154 fibular cartilage condensation EMAPA fibula pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000509 EHDAA:6196 UBERON:0010852 fibulal pre-cartilage condensation fibular pre-cartilage condensation uberon EHDAA2 capitulum of humerus FMA:23373 In human anatomy of the arm, the lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. In birds, where forelimb anatomy has adaptation for flight, its functional if not ontogenetic equivalent is the dorsal condyle of the humerus. TODO - check AAO UBERON:0010853 capitellum capitulum humeri capitulum of humerus dorsal condyle of the humerus humeral capitulum uberon FMA:23373 humeral capitulum FMA Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus capitulum humeri Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus dorsal condyle of the humerus Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus capitulum of humerus Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus capitellum In human anatomy of the arm, the lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. In birds, where forelimb anatomy has adaptation for flight, its functional if not ontogenetic equivalent is the dorsal condyle of the humerus. Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus skin of front of neck FMA:23023 UBERON:0010854 skin of anterior neck skin of anterior part of neck skin of anterior portion of neck uberon FMA:23023 skin of anterior neck FMA:23023 skin of anterior portion of neck FMA:23023 skin of anterior part of neck skin of forelimb wing UBERON:0010855 uberon patagium . UBERON:0010856 uberon . Wikipedia:Patagium http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/EML/background/wing_anatomy.htm inter limb-segment region 2 Examples - region between digits in a human embryo; segments of a bat's patagium UBERON:0010858 uberon propatagium UBERON:0010861 uberon dactylopatagium UBERON:0010862 uberon dactylopatagium brevis UBERON:0010863 uberon dactylopatagium minus UBERON:0010864 uberon dactylopatagium medius UBERON:0010865 uberon dactylopatagium major UBERON:0010866 uberon plagiopatagium UBERON:0010867 uberon uropropatagium UBERON:0010868 interfemoral membrane the membrane that stretches between the legs of bats, used for flight, and in the case of insect-eating bats, for catching prey. uberon Wikipedia:Interfemoral_membrane the membrane that stretches between the legs of bats, used for flight, and in the case of insect-eating bats, for catching prey. calcar Function notes: to help spread the interfemoral membrane which is part of the wing membrane between the tail and the hind legs. UBERON:0010869 a spur of cartilage arising from inner side of ankle and running along part of outer interfemoral membrane in bats calcaneum calcar spur uberon Wikipedia:Calcar a spur of cartilage arising from inner side of ankle and running along part of outer interfemoral membrane in bats Wikipedia:Calcar calcaneum humeral patagium UBERON:0010878 uberon tusk Elongated, continuously growing front teeth, usually but not always in pairs, that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canines, as with warthogs, pig, and walruses, or, in the case of elephants and narwhals, elongated incisors. In most tusked species both the males and the females have tusks although the males are larger. Tusks are generally curved, though the narwhal's sole tusk is straight and has a helical structure. In the elephant, the tusks were originally second incisors. Continuous growth is enabled by formative tissues in the apical openings of the roots of the teeth UBERON:0010879 uberon Elongated, continuously growing front teeth, usually but not always in pairs, that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canines, as with warthogs, pig, and walruses, or, in the case of elephants and narwhals, elongated incisors. In most tusked species both the males and the females have tusks although the males are larger. Tusks are generally curved, though the narwhal's sole tusk is straight and has a helical structure. In the elephant, the tusks were originally second incisors. Continuous growth is enabled by formative tissues in the apical openings of the roots of the teeth Wikipedia:Tusk gular fold A transverse fold of skin across the throat (Peters 1964). AAO:0010238 UBERON:0010880 gular sac gular skin throat sac uberon A transverse fold of skin across the throat (Peters 1964). Wikipedia:Gular_fold Wikipedia:Gular_skin http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/bio/glsry.htm http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3414172&group_id=76834&atid=994764 Wikipedia:Gular_fold throat sac Wikipedia:Gular_fold gular skin Wikipedia:Gular_fold gular sac limb bone cartilaginous condensation UBERON:0010881 uberon limb bone pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010882 uberon forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation UBERON:0010883 uberon forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010884 uberon hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation UBERON:0010885 uberon hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010886 uberon tragus FMA:60998 Taxon notes: The tragus is generally believed to play a role in vertical sound localization in bats UBERON:0010887 a small pointed eminence of the external ear, situated in front of the concha, and projecting backward over the meatus. ncithesaurus:Tragus tragal part of pinna uberon Wikipedia:Tragus_(ear) a small pointed eminence of the external ear, situated in front of the concha, and projecting backward over the meatus. FMA FMA:60998 tragal part of pinna seta A hair-like unicellular external process of the body wall or any derivative of the latter; a hair; a bristle. Obsoleted as the term 'seta' refers to a variety of different structures. For insect chaetae, consider the arthropod anatomy ontology. UBERON:0010888 bristle chaeta sensory bristle true uberon MIAA:0000152 sensory bristle A hair-like unicellular external process of the body wall or any derivative of the latter; a hair; a bristle. BTO:0004212 MIAA:0000152 chaeta BTO:0004212 bristle ectethmoid Taxon notes: In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation UBERON:0010889 dorsal nasal capsule either of two lateral parts of the ethmoid bone that form part of the anterior wall of the orbit uberon PMID:21270050 dorsal nasal capsule either of two lateral parts of the ethmoid bone that form part of the anterior wall of the orbit http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/ectethmoid pelvic complex muscle AAO:0000218 FMA:9622 MA:0000663 Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. UBERON:0010890 lower limb muscle muscle of lower limb pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle uberon UBERON:cjm pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle FMA:9622 lower limb muscle UBERON:cjm pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. UBERON:cjm FMA:9622 muscle of lower limb pectoral complex muscle A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. AAO:0010687 FMA:9621 MA:0000615 UBERON:0010891 muscle of upper limb uberon upper limb muscle FMA:9621 muscle of upper limb A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. UBERON:cjm FMA:9621 upper limb muscle mesethmoid A bone or cartilage in the center of the ethmoid region of the vertebrate skull; usually constitutes the greater portion of the nasal septum. AAO:0000303 UBERON:0010892 uberon ventral nasal capsule PMID:21270050 ventral nasal capsule median external naris UBERON:0010893 nasohypophysial opening uberon http://tolweb.org/Hyperoartia nasohypophysial opening keratinous tooth The hagfish's jawless mouth contains two parallel rows of pointed keratinous teeth UBERON:0010894 horny denticle uberon horny denticle http://tolweb.org/Hyperoartia sequential hermaphroditic organism AAO:0010037 BILA:0000045 CARO:0000045 HAO:0000045 Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. TADS:0000608 UBERON:0010895 consecutive hermaphroditic organism uberon CARO CARO:0000045 Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. CARO:0000045 consecutive hermaphroditic organism piston cartilage Composition notes: composed of lamprin, an elastin-like protein, unique to lampreys UBERON:0010896 lamprey tongue lingual cartilage piston uberon gastralium Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column. UBERON:0010898 VSAO:0000127 abdominal rib belly rib gastralia hese bones may have been derived from the ventral scales found in animals like rhipidistians, labyrinthodonts, and Acanthostega, and may be related to ventral elements of turtle plastrons[WP] uberon Wikipedia VSAO:curator abdominal rib VSAO:curator belly rib VSAO VSAO:0000127 gastralia Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column. VSAO:0000127 Wikipedia:Gastralium synchronous hermaphroditic organism AAO:0010046 BILA:0000046 CARO:0000046 HAO:0000046 Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. TADS:0000609 UBERON:0010899 serially hermaphroditic organism uberon CARO:0000046 Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. CARO CARO:0000046 serially hermaphroditic organism tarsometatarsus cartilaginous condensation UBERON:0010900 uberon tarsometatarsus pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010901 uberon tibiotarsus cartilaginous condensation UBERON:0010902 uberon tibiotarsus pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010903 uberon pectoral fin scapula Alternate definition: A scapula that is connected to a pectoral fin Endochondral bone that is located medial to the cleithrum, and articulates ventrally with the coracoid, medially with the mesocoracoid when the later is present and posteriorly with the upper one to three proximal radials. The scapula develops from the scapulocoracoid cartilage and belongs to the primary pectoral girdle. It may be perforated by the scapular foramen or it may be notched ventrally and forms together with a similar notch of the coracoid the scapulocoracoid foramen. TAO:0000583 UBERON:0010904 ZFA:0000583 teleost scapula uberon Endochondral bone that is located medial to the cleithrum, and articulates ventrally with the coracoid, medially with the mesocoracoid when the later is present and posteriorly with the upper one to three proximal radials. The scapula develops from the scapulocoracoid cartilage and belongs to the primary pectoral girdle. It may be perforated by the scapular foramen or it may be notched ventrally and forms together with a similar notch of the coracoid the scapulocoracoid foramen. TAO:0000583 ZFA clavicle bone primordium EHDAA2:0000254 UBERON:0010905 calvicle primordium lateral part derives from a fish dermal bone while the medial part comes from a spur off the manubrium endochondral bone[JB] uberon PMC1352163 mah shown in mouse EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 parafibula UBERON:0010907 third bone of the lower leg, normally restricted to the area of the knee, in multuberculates, monotremes and some therians uberon http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html#P third bone of the lower leg, normally restricted to the area of the knee, in multuberculates, monotremes and some therians paraglossale UBERON:0010908 in the avian hyoid apparatus, the arrowhead-shaped bone which forms the base of the tongue uberon http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html#P in the avian hyoid apparatus, the arrowhead-shaped bone which forms the base of the tongue opisthotic AAO:0010835 Posterior ossification of the otic capsule. Taxon notes: teleost fishes have a bone which is called the opisthotic. However, it is not homologous to the tetrapod opisthotic and the teleost otic capsule is all of a piece[palaeos] UBERON:0010910 uberon AAO:0010835 Posterior ossification of the otic capsule. http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/opisthotic.html AAO ossicle Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, "Panda's thumb" (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids. Skeletal element that is small dermal or endochondral bone. UBERON:0010911 VSAO:0000132 uberon VSAO Skeletal element that is small dermal or endochondral bone. VSAO:0000132 subdivision of skeleton AO notes: VSAO def logically wrong Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. FMA:23879 SCTID:129140006 UBERON:0010912 VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) uberon VSAO FMA:23879 subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. UBERON:cjm UBERONREF:0000003 VSAO UBERONREF:0000003 vertebral element Note that Uberon includes a distinct subclass for bony vertebra Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. UBERON:0010913 VHOG:0001143 VSAO:0000184 uberon VSAO VSAO Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. VSAO:0000184 thyrohyoid ligament FMA:55135 SCTID:279551000 UBERON:0010921 ncithesaurus:Thyrohyoid_Ligament uberon FMA median thyrohyoid ligament FMA:55138 SCTID:279554008 The middle thicker part of the thyrohyoid membrane is termed the median thyrohyoid ligament (middle hyothyroid ligament, middle thyrohyoid ligament), its lateral thinner portions are pierced by the superior laryngeal vessels and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Its anterior surface is in relation with the Thyreohyoideus, Sternohyoideus, and Omohyoideus, and with the body of the hyoid bone UBERON:0010925 ligamentum thyrohyoideum medianum middle thyrohyoid ligament ncithesaurus:Middle_Thyrohyoid_Ligament uberon The middle thicker part of the thyrohyoid membrane is termed the median thyrohyoid ligament (middle hyothyroid ligament, middle thyrohyoid ligament), its lateral thinner portions are pierced by the superior laryngeal vessels and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Its anterior surface is in relation with the Thyreohyoideus, Sternohyoideus, and Omohyoideus, and with the body of the hyoid bone Wikipedia:Median_thyrohyoid_ligament FMA FMA:55138 middle thyrohyoid ligament lateral thyrohyoid ligament FMA:55139 SCTID:279555009 The lateral thyrohyoid ligament (lateral hyothyroid ligament) is a round elastic cord, which forms the posterior border of the hyothyroid membrane and passes between the tip of the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the extremity of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. The recurrent laryngeal nerve typical lies lateral to this ligament UBERON:0010926 ligamentum hyothyreoideum laterale ligamentum thyrohyoideum laterale ncithesaurus:Lateral_Thyrohyoid_Ligament uberon FMA The lateral thyrohyoid ligament (lateral hyothyroid ligament) is a round elastic cord, which forms the posterior border of the hyothyroid membrane and passes between the tip of the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the extremity of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. The recurrent laryngeal nerve typical lies lateral to this ligament Wikipedia:Lateral_thyrohyoid_ligament thyroepiglotticus A considerable number of the fibers of the ThyreoarytC&noideus are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold, where some of them become lost, while others are continued to the margin of the epiglottis. They have received a distinctive name, Thyreoepiglotticus or Thyroepiglottic, and are sometimes described as a separate muscle. AO notes: not a distinct muscle in FMA FMA:46594 SCTID:244819001 UBERON:0010927 ncithesaurus:Thyroepiglottic_Muscle pars thyroepiglottica (musculus thyroarytenoideus) pars thyroepiglottica musculi thyroarytenoidei pars thyroepiglottica musculus thyroarytenoidei thyro-epiglottic part of thyro-arytenoid thyroepiglottic muscle uberon FMA FMA:46594 pars thyroepiglottica (musculus thyroarytenoideus) Wikipedia:Thyroepiglottic_muscle pars thyroepiglottica musculi thyroarytenoidei A considerable number of the fibers of the ThyreoarytC&noideus are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold, where some of them become lost, while others are continued to the margin of the epiglottis. They have received a distinctive name, Thyreoepiglotticus or Thyroepiglottic, and are sometimes described as a separate muscle. Wikipedia:Thyroepiglottic_muscle FMA:46594 thyroepiglottic muscle FMA:TA pars thyroepiglottica musculus thyroarytenoidei ncithesaurus FMA:46594 thyro-epiglottic part of thyro-arytenoid cricopharyngeus FMA:46661 SCTID:244804002 UBERON:0010928 cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle cricopharyngeus muscle muscle belly pars cricopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior) pars cricopharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris uberon FMA:46661 cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor FMA FMA:TA pars cricopharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris FMA:46661 pars cricopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior) FMA:46661 cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus stapedius pre-muscle condensation EHDAA2:0001909 UBERON:0010929 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 interhyoideus AAO:0010649 UBERON:0010930 Usage notes: may be obsoleted. Muscle between hyoid arches in fish; Taxon notes: the [mammalian] interhyoideus is homologous with the simple interhyoideus of early stages of amphibia[Edgeworth, 1935]. most extant actinopterygians part of the interhyoideus separates into a distinct muscle during development, the hyohyoideus - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/ interhyoideus muscle uberon intermandibularis AAO:0010647 Is a mandibular muscle that develops into the ventral intermandibularis anterior and posterior muscles. TAO:0000369 UBERON:0010931 ZFA:0000369 intermandibular muscle intermandibularis muscle uberon ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12 intermandibular muscle Is a mandibular muscle that develops into the ventral intermandibularis anterior and posterior muscles. ZFA:0000369 crico-arytenoid muscle Cricoarytenoid muscles are muscles that connect the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage. More specifically, it can refer to: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle MA:0002283 SCTID:244811003 UBERON:0010932 crico-arytenoid cricoarytenoid cricoarytenoid muscle cricoarytenoideus ncithesaurus:Cricoarytenoid_Muscle uberon FMA Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoarytenoid FMA Cricoarytenoid muscles are muscles that connect the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage. More specifically, it can refer to: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle cricoarytenoid muscle Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle crico-arytenoid orbicularis oris muscle FMA:46841 In human anatomy, the orbicularis oris muscle is the sphincter muscle around the mouth. This muscle closes the mouth and puckers the lips when it contracts. SCTID:244749008 UBERON:0010933 incisivii labii inferioris incisivii labii superioris musculus orbicularis oris nasolabialis muscle orbicularis oris orbicularis oris uberon Skin around the lips dbpedia In human anatomy, the orbicularis oris muscle is the sphincter muscle around the mouth. This muscle closes the mouth and puckers the lips when it contracts. Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle Maxilla and mandible dbpedia Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle musculus orbicularis oris Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle orbicularis oris FMA:46841 orbicularis oris cranial nerve VII buccal branch of the facial nerve dbpedia Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle nasolabialis muscle Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle incisivii labii superioris Maxilla and mandible dbpedia Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle incisivii labii inferioris FMA panniculus carnosus EMAPA:18189 UBERON:0010934 a part of the subcutaneous tissues in the study of animal anatomy. It is a layer of striated muscle deep to the panniculus adiposus panniculus carnosus group uberon Wikipedia:Panniculus_carnosus a part of the subcutaneous tissues in the study of animal anatomy. It is a layer of striated muscle deep to the panniculus adiposus EMAPA:18189 panniculus carnosus group tensor tympani pre-muscle condensation EHDAA2:0002002 UBERON:0010935 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 thyropharyngeus FMA:46658 SCTID:244805001 UBERON:0010936 muscle belly pars thyropharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior) pars thyropharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus muscle thyropharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor uberon FMA:46658 thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus FMA:TA pars thyropharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris FMA FMA:46658 thyropharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor FMA:46658 pars thyropharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior) salpingopharyngeus muscle FMA:46665 The salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the inferior part of the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) in the nasal cavity; it passes downward and blends with the posterior fasciculus of the palatopharyngeus muscle. The salpingopharyngeus is known to raise the pharynx and larynx during deglutition (swallowing) and laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up. In addition, it opens the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing. This allows for the equalization of pressure between the auditory canal and the pharynx. The salpingopharyngeus is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus. UBERON:0010937 musculus salpingopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus uberon dbpedia lower part of the cartilage of the auditory tube dbpedia fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers FMA Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle musculus salpingopharyngeus dbpedia vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve dbpedia fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers dbpedia vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve The salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the inferior part of the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) in the nasal cavity; it passes downward and blends with the posterior fasciculus of the palatopharyngeus muscle. The salpingopharyngeus is known to raise the pharynx and larynx during deglutition (swallowing) and laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up. In addition, it opens the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing. This allows for the equalization of pressure between the auditory canal and the pharynx. The salpingopharyngeus is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus. Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle salpingopharyngeus muscle belly FMA:9719 UBERON:0010938 belly uberon venter FMA FMA:TA venter FMA:9719 belly zygomaticomandibularis muscle UBERON:0010939 uberon zygomaticomandibularis muscle belly of digastric FMA:46297 SCTID:360772008 UBERON:0010940 digastric belly uberon FMA:46297 digastric belly anterior belly of digastric FMA:46302 SCTID:141804004 UBERON:0010943 anterior belly of digastric muscle digastricus anterior digastricus, venter rostralis uberon venter anterior (musculus digastricus) FMA:46302 venter anterior (musculus digastricus) posterior belly of digastric FMA:46303 SCTID:141905002 UBERON:0010944 digastricus posterior digastricus, venter caudalis posterior belly of digastric muscle uberon jugulohyoideus muscle FMA:9625 UBERON:0010945 jugulohyoid jugulohyoideus musculus jugulohyoideus musculus occipitohyoideus occipitohyoid occipitohyoideus runs from the processus jugularis to the os stylohyoideum; nnervated with the ramus jugulohyoideus from the nervus facialis uberon PMID:7839797 runs from the processus jugularis to the os stylohyoideum; nnervated with the ramus jugulohyoideus from the nervus facialis occipitofrontalis muscle FMA:9624 SCTID:361811007 The occipitofrontalis or epicranius is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. Some sources consider the occipitofrontalis to be a structure consisting of two distinct muscles, the Frontalis and the occipitalis. However, Terminologia Anatomica currently classifies it as a single muscle. UBERON:0010946 epicranius musculus occipitofrontalis ncithesaurus:Occipito-frontalis_Muscle occipitofrontalis uberon zone of muscle in FMA Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle occipitofrontalis Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle epicranius dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle musculus occipitofrontalis The occipitofrontalis or epicranius is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. Some sources consider the occipitofrontalis to be a structure consisting of two distinct muscles, the Frontalis and the occipitalis. However, Terminologia Anatomica currently classifies it as a single muscle. Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle occipitalis FMA:46758 SCTID:21405000 UBERON:0010947 occipital belly of occipitofrontalis occipital part of occipitofrontalis uberon venter occipitalis (musculus occipitofrontalis) venter transversa musculus occipitofrontalis occipitalis FMA:46758 occipital belly of occipitofrontalis FMA:46758 occipital part of occipitofrontalis FMA:46758 venter occipitalis (musculus occipitofrontalis) FMA FMA:TA venter transversa musculus occipitofrontalis occipitalis cleidooccipital muscle MA:0002276 Some studies have indicated a supernumerary cleido-occipital muscle more or less separate from the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle; The frequency of cleido-occipital muscle occurrence has been reported up to 33% UBERON:0010948 cleido-occipitalis cleido-occipitalis muscle uberon sternooccipital muscle MA:0002385 UBERON:0010949 uberon styloauricular muscle An occasional small muscle extending from the root of the styloid process to the cartilage of the meatus of the ear UBERON:0010950 mandibulo-auricularis mandibulo-auricularis muscle stylo-auricularis stylo-auricularis muscle styloauricularis uberon An occasional small muscle extending from the root of the styloid process to the cartilage of the meatus of the ear http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?musculus+styloauricularis interscutular muscle UBERON:0010951 a muscle that attaches to the base of the ear and to the middle of the skull interscutularis musculus interscutularis uberon PMID:19209956 a muscle that attaches to the base of the ear and to the middle of the skull frontalis FMA:46757 SCTID:368680005 The Frontalis muscle is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It is located on the front of the head. It has no bony attachments. Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi, thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them (thus opposing the orbital portion of the orbicularis), especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim. From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture. The medial margins of the Frontales are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the Occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica. It could be part of occipitofrontalis muscle. UBERON:0010952 frontal belly of occipitofrontalis frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle frontal part of occipitofrontalis orbito-temporo-auricularis uberon venter frontalis (musculus occipitofrontalis) venter frontalis musculi occipitofrontalis venter frontalis musculus occipitofrontalis FMA:TA venter frontalis musculus occipitofrontalis FMA:46757 frontal part of occipitofrontalis FMA:46757 frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle PMID:18657257 orbito-temporo-auricularis dbpedia Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle venter frontalis musculi occipitofrontalis The Frontalis muscle is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It is located on the front of the head. It has no bony attachments. Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi, thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them (thus opposing the orbital portion of the orbicularis), especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim. From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture. The medial margins of the Frontales are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the Occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica. It could be part of occipitofrontalis muscle. Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle FMA:46757 venter frontalis (musculus occipitofrontalis) dbpedia FMA nasalis muscle FMA:46770 SCTID:244732001 The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into "Compressor nasalis" and "Dilator nasalis". UBERON:0010953 compressor naris compressor narium minor compressor nasi musculus nasalis nasalis uberon FMA The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into "Compressor nasalis" and "Dilator nasalis". Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle FMA:46770 nasalis dbpedia Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle musculus nasalis Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle compressor narium minor Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle compressor naris Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle compressor nasi dbpedia ceratohyoideus A muscle connecting the hyoidean and branchial arches[unvetted] UBERON:0010954 uberon A muscle connecting the hyoidean and branchial arches[unvetted] http://www.wordnik.com/words/ceratohyoideus trapezius pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0002079 UBERON:0010955 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 pterygopharyngeal part of superior pharyngeal constrictor FMA:46638 UBERON:0010956 pars pterygopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis superior) pterygopharyngeal part of superior constrictor pharyngeus pterygopharyngeus uberon FMA FMA:46638 pterygopharyngeal part of superior constrictor pharyngeus FMA:46638 pars pterygopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis superior) arytenoid muscle A single muscle, filling up the posterior concave surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages. It arises from the posterior surface and lateral border of one arytenoid cartilage, and is inserted into the corresponding parts of the opposite cartilage. It consists of oblique and transverse parts. Arytænoideus UBERON:0010958 aryepiglotticus muscle arytaenoideus arytaenoideus muscle ncithesaurus:Arytenoid_Muscle todo - check child relationships uberon Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle arytaenoideus muscle Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle arytaenoideus dbpedia recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus Arytenoid cartilage on one side dbpedia Arytenoid cartilage on opposite side dbpedia A single muscle, filling up the posterior concave surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages. It arises from the posterior surface and lateral border of one arytenoid cartilage, and is inserted into the corresponding parts of the opposite cartilage. It consists of oblique and transverse parts. Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle Arytænoideus Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle aryepiglotticus muscle craniocervical muscle UBERON:0010959 muscle of head and neck muscle of head or neck ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck_Muscle uberon erector spinae pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000455 UBERON:0010961 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 extensor pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000459 UBERON:0010962 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 trunk and cervical myotome group EHDAA2:0003425 UBERON:0010963 isa row in EHDAA2 uberon EHDAA2 intercostal pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000843 UBERON:0010970 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 external intercostal pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000467 UBERON:0010974 uberon EHDAA2 external oblique pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000470 UBERON:0010975 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 flexor pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000543 UBERON:0010977 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 internal intercostal pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000876 UBERON:0010981 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000933 UBERON:0010982 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 levator scapulae pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000993 UBERON:0010983 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 pectoral pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0001423 UBERON:0010984 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 rhomboid pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0001636 UBERON:0010985 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 serratus anterior pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0001833 UBERON:0010986 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0001913 UBERON:0010987 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 teres major pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0002005 UBERON:0010988 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 transverospinalis pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0002076 UBERON:0010989 uberon EHDAA2 EHDAA2 transversospinales muscle EHDAA2:0002075 EHDAA:9465 FMA:71304 SCTID:244866002 The transversospinal muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. They include: semispinalis, spanning 4-6 vertebral segments semispinalis dorsi semispinalis cervicis semispinalis capitis multifidus, spanning 2-4 vertebral segments rotatores, spanning 1-2 vertebral segments rotatores cervicis rotatores thoracis rotatores lumborum UBERON:0010990 deep dorsal muscles musculi transversospinales transverospinalis transversospinal group of muscles transversospinales transversospinales muscle group uberon EHDAA2:0002075 transverospinalis FMA:71304 transversospinales muscle group EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles deep dorsal muscles Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles transversospinal group of muscles FMA:71304 transversospinales FMA:TA musculi transversospinales The transversospinal muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. They include: semispinalis, spanning 4-6 vertebral segments semispinalis dorsi semispinalis cervicis semispinalis capitis multifidus, spanning 2-4 vertebral segments rotatores, spanning 1-2 vertebral segments rotatores cervicis rotatores thoracis rotatores lumborum Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles EHDAA2 Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles musculi transversospinales subscapularis pre-muscle mass EMAPA:17750 UBERON:0010993 uberon EHDAA2 coronoid process of ulna FMA:23616 SCTID:181951002 The coronoid process is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. Its base is continuous with the body of the bone, and of considerable strength. Its apex is pointed, slightly curved upward, and in flexion of the forearm is received into the coronoid fossa of the humerus. Its upper surface is smooth, concave, and forms the lower part of the semilunar notch. Its antero-inferior surface is concave, and marked by a rough impression for the insertion of the Brachialis muscle. At the junction of this surface with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna, which gives insertion to a part of the Brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is attached. Its lateral surface presents a narrow, oblong, articular depression, the radial notch. Its medial surface, by its prominent, free margin, serves for the attachment of part of the ulnar collateral ligament. At the front part of this surface is a small rounded eminence for the origin of one head of the Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle; behind the eminence is a depression for part of the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus muscle; descending from the eminence is a ridge which gives origin to one head of the Pronator teres muscle. Frequently, the Flexor pollicis longus muscle arises from the lower part of the coronoid process by a rounded bundle of muscular fibers. UBERON:0010994 coronoid process coronoid process of the ulna processus coronoideus processus coronoideus ulnae uberon ulnar coronoid process FMA The coronoid process is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. Its base is continuous with the body of the bone, and of considerable strength. Its apex is pointed, slightly curved upward, and in flexion of the forearm is received into the coronoid fossa of the humerus. Its upper surface is smooth, concave, and forms the lower part of the semilunar notch. Its antero-inferior surface is concave, and marked by a rough impression for the insertion of the Brachialis muscle. At the junction of this surface with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna, which gives insertion to a part of the Brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is attached. Its lateral surface presents a narrow, oblong, articular depression, the radial notch. Its medial surface, by its prominent, free margin, serves for the attachment of part of the ulnar collateral ligament. At the front part of this surface is a small rounded eminence for the origin of one head of the Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle; behind the eminence is a depression for part of the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus muscle; descending from the eminence is a ridge which gives origin to one head of the Pronator teres muscle. Frequently, the Flexor pollicis longus muscle arises from the lower part of the coronoid process by a rounded bundle of muscular fibers. Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna FMA:23616 coronoid process Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna processus coronoideus ulnae FMA:23616 processus coronoideus Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna coronoid process of the ulna deep part of masseter muscle FMA:49003 SCTID:142309002 UBERON:0010995 deep layer of masseter deep part of masseter masseter, profundus pars profunda (musculus masseter) uberon FMA:49003 deep part of masseter FMA:49003 pars profunda (musculus masseter) FMA:49003 deep layer of masseter FEED:FEED masseter, profundus articular cartilage of joint A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. BTO:0001572 EFO:0001902 FMA:12264 GAID:101 MA:0000487 MESH:A.02.165.165 SCTID:305026006 UBERON:0010996 articular cartilage cartilago articularis galen:ArticularCartilage hyaline cartilage ncithesaurus:Articular_Cartilage uberon MA MA:0000487 articular cartilage Wikipedia BTO:0001572 hyaline cartilage FMA:12264 cartilago articularis A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. BTO:0001572 articular cartilage condensation TAO:0001670 UBERON:0011002 ZFA:0001644 articular cartilages uberon ZFA:0001644 articular cartilages ZFA pharyngeal arch cartilage TAO:0001460 UBERON:0011004 ZFA:0001460 pharyngeal arch cartilages splanchnocranium cartilage uberon ZFA:0001460 splanchnocranium cartilage ZFA ZFA ZFA:0001460 pharyngeal arch cartilages endocardium of auricle FMA:13234 Note in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium that is part of the endocardium UBERON:0011005 auricle endocardium uberon FMA:13234 auricle endocardium endocardium of left auricle EHDAA2:0000277 FMA:13236 UBERON:0011006 left atrium auricular region endocardium left auricle endocardium uberon FMA:13236 left auricle endocardium EHDAA2:0000277 left atrium auricular region endocardium endocardium of right auricle EHDAA2:0000292 FMA:13235 UBERON:0011007 right auricle endocardium uberon FMA:13235 right auricle endocardium brachioradialis Brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that acts to flex the forearm at the elbow. It is also capable of both pronation and supination, depending on the position of the forearm; for this reason it is also called "the beer drinker muscle. " It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. FMA:38485 SCTID:244989009 UBERON:0011011 brachioradialis muscle musculus brachioradialis uberon Wikipedia:Brachioradialis brachioradialis muscle dbpedia Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus dbpedia Wikipedia:Brachioradialis musculus brachioradialis Brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that acts to flex the forearm at the elbow. It is also capable of both pronation and supination, depending on the position of the forearm; for this reason it is also called "the beer drinker muscle. " It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. Wikipedia:Brachioradialis Distal radius dbpedia flexor pollicis brevis muscle FMA:37378 SCTID:181646006 The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles. It has both a superficial part and a deep part. UBERON:0011012 flexor pollicis brevis musculus flexor pollicis brevis uberon dbpedia The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles. It has both a superficial part and a deep part. Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle Extensor pollicis longus and brevis dbpedia dbpedia Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle musculus flexor pollicis brevis FMA:37378 flexor pollicis brevis spinalis FMA:77179 SCTID:244862000 The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0011013 musculus spinalis spinalis muscle uberon Wikipedia:Spinalis spinalis muscle dbpedia spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7. The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Spinalis dbpedia spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7. dbpedia Wikipedia:Spinalis musculus spinalis dbpedia spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1. dbpedia spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1. Wikipedia:Spinalis musculus spinalis spinalis capitis FMA:22775 SCTID:244865003 UBERON:0011014 uberon FMA iliac fossa FMA:75316 UBERON:0011015 uberon pyramidalis FMA:15568 The pyramidalis is a small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath. UBERON:0011016 musculus pyramidalis ncithesaurus:Pyramidalis pyramidalis pyramidalis muscle uberon Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle musculus pyramidalis dbpedia pubic symphysis and pubic crest Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle pyramidalis FMA The pyramidalis is a small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath. Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle FMA:15568 pyramidalis muscle semispinalis FMA:22823 UBERON:0011017 a transversospinalis muscle of the human body. semispinalis muscle uberon FMA Wikipedia:Semispinalis_muscle a transversospinalis muscle of the human body. Wikipedia:Semispinalis_muscle semispinalis muscle flexor hallucis brevis FMA:37449 The Flexor hallucis brevis arises, by a pointed tendinous process, from the medial part of the under surface of the cuboid bone, from the contiguous portion of the third cuneiform, and from the prolongation of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior which is attached to that bone. It divides in front into two portions, which are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, a sesamoid bone being present in each tendon at its insertion. The medial portion is blended with the Abductor hallucis previous to its insertion; the lateral portion with the Adductor hallucis; the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus lies in a groove between them; the lateral portion is sometimes described as the first Interosseous plantaris. UBERON:0011022 flexor hallucis brevis muscle m.flexor hallucis brevis musculus flexor hallucis brevis uberon dbpedia plantar surface of cuneiform bones The Flexor hallucis brevis arises, by a pointed tendinous process, from the medial part of the under surface of the cuboid bone, from the contiguous portion of the third cuneiform, and from the prolongation of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior which is attached to that bone. It divides in front into two portions, which are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, a sesamoid bone being present in each tendon at its insertion. The medial portion is blended with the Abductor hallucis previous to its insertion; the lateral portion with the Adductor hallucis; the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus lies in a groove between them; the lateral portion is sometimes described as the first Interosseous plantaris. Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle flexor hallucis brevis muscle dbpedia medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle musculus flexor hallucis brevis dbpedia medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal FMA:37449 m.flexor hallucis brevis extensor muscle of hand . UBERON:0011024 uberon . Wikipedia:Extrinsic_extensor_muscles_of_the_hand aryepiglotticus muscle FMA:46602 The aryepiglotticus is a muscle of the larynx running in the aryepiglottic fold from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. UBERON:0011025 ary-epiglottic part of oblique arytenoid aryepiglottic muscle aryepiglotticus ncithesaurus:Aryepiglottic_Muscle pars aryepiglottica (musculus arytenoideus obliquus) pars aryepiglottica musculi arytenoidei obliqui, musculus aryepiglotticus pars aryepiglottica musculus arytenoidei obliqui uberon FMA:46602 aryepiglottic muscle ncithesaurus FMA:46602 ary-epiglottic part of oblique arytenoid The aryepiglotticus is a muscle of the larynx running in the aryepiglottic fold from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle FMA:46602 pars aryepiglottica (musculus arytenoideus obliquus) Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle aryepiglotticus FMA FMA:TA pars aryepiglottica musculus arytenoidei obliqui Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle pars aryepiglottica musculi arytenoidei obliqui, musculus aryepiglotticus obturator muscle FMA:19083 UBERON:0011043 ncithesaurus:Obturator_Muscle uberon FMA obturator internus AAO:0010052 Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the entire lateral surface of the pelvic rim. Dorsal fibers insert distally to the dorso-medial surface of the caput femoris and ventral fibers extend around the acetabulum to insert on the tendon of the caput femoris." [AAO:0010052] FMA:22298 SCTID:245025008 The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis. It exits the pelvic cavity through the lesser sciatic foramen. The obturator internus is situated partly within the lesser pelvis, and partly at the back of the hip-joint. It functions to help laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, as well as to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum. UBERON:0011048 internal obturator internus obturator musculus obturator internus musculus obturatorius internus ncithesaurus:Obturator_Internus_Muscle obturator internus muscle obturatorius internus uberon FMA:22298 musculus obturator internus Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle musculus obturatorius internus FMA:22298 internal obturator dbpedia medial aspect of the Greater trochanter The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis. It exits the pelvic cavity through the lesser sciatic foramen. The obturator internus is situated partly within the lesser pelvis, and partly at the back of the hip-joint. It functions to help laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, as well as to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum. Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle obturator internus muscle FMA FMA FMA Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle internus obturator Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle obturatorius internus uterovesical pouch FMA:14729 The peritoneum over the rectum and the bladder is continued over the intestinal surface and fundus of the uterus on to its vesical surface, which it covers as far as the junction of the body and cervix uteri, and then to the bladder, forming here a second, but shallower, pouch, the vesicouterine excavation (or uterovesical pouch). The vesicouterine excavation is close to the anterior fornix of the vagina. UBERON:0011049 excavatio vesico-uterina excavatio vesicouterina excavatio vesicouterina excavatio vesiocuterina ncithesaurus:Utero-Vesical_Pouch uberon vesico-uterine pouch vesicouterine vesicouterine excavation vesicouterine pouch vesicouterine pouch Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch excavatio vesiocuterina FMA:14729 vesicouterine pouch Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch excavatio vesicouterina FMA:14729 vesico-uterine pouch FMA:14729 excavatio vesico-uterina The peritoneum over the rectum and the bladder is continued over the intestinal surface and fundus of the uterus on to its vesical surface, which it covers as far as the junction of the body and cervix uteri, and then to the bladder, forming here a second, but shallower, pouch, the vesicouterine excavation (or uterovesical pouch). The vesicouterine excavation is close to the anterior fornix of the vagina. Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch vesicouterine excavation Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch vesicouterine Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch vesicouterine pouch FMA:TA excavatio vesicouterina thoracic vertebra 8 EMAPA:19549 FMA:9991 MA:0001445 SCTID:181836007 T8 vertebra UBERON:0011050 eighth dorsal vertebra eighth thoracic vertebra ncithesaurus:T8_Vertebra uberon FMA:9991 eighth dorsal vertebra FMA FMA:9991 eighth thoracic vertebra FMA:9991 T8 vertebra MA perilymphatic channel A channel containing perilymph passing through the temporal bone, connecting the scala tympani of the cochlea to the subarachnoid space. AAO:0000136 MA:0000248 SCTID:368950002 UBERON:0011060 ZFA:0005461 cochlear aqueduct ductus perilymphaticus perilymphatic duct perilymphatic space uberon MESH:A.09.246.631.246.280 perilymphatic duct MESH:A.09.246.631.246.280 cochlear aqueduct MA:0000248 perilymphatic space MA A channel containing perilymph passing through the temporal bone, connecting the scala tympani of the cochlea to the subarachnoid space. MESH:A.09.246.631.246.280 Wikipedia:Perilymphatic_duct AAO:0000136 ductus perilymphaticus endolymphatic space FMA:77823 SCTID:279856000 UBERON:0011078 uberon Wikipedia angular bone AAO:0000010 Dermal bone that is located posterior to the dentary and lateral to the articular and retroarticular bones of the lower jaw. The angular forms the outer dermal sheet of the posterior part of the lower jaw. The angular bears a portion of the mandibular sensory canal. The angular is a paired bone. TAO:0001669 The angular fuses with the articular bone in clupeocephalans forming the anguloarticular. UBERON:0011079 ZFA:0001645 angular uberon TAO TAO AAO:0000010 angular Dermal bone that is located posterior to the dentary and lateral to the articular and retroarticular bones of the lower jaw. The angular forms the outer dermal sheet of the posterior part of the lower jaw. The angular bears a portion of the mandibular sensory canal. The angular is a paired bone. TAO:0001669 Wikipedia:Angular_bone dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 EFO:0003659 TAO:0001272 The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw. UBERON:0011085 VHOG:0000511 ZFA:0001272 dorsal mandibular arch dorsal visceral arch 1 palatoquadrate arch uberon upper jaw upper pharyngeal jaw VHOG:0000511 dorsal visceral arch 1 VHOG VHOG:0000511 dorsal mandibular arch ZFA VHOG The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw. VHOG:0000511 VHOG:0000511 palatoquadrate arch VHOG:0000511 upper pharyngeal jaw VHOG VHOG:0000511 upper jaw pharyngeal arch 7 TAO:0001602 UBERON:0011087 ZFA:0001610 branchial arch 5 gill arch 5 uberon visceral arch 7 ZFA:0001610 branchial arch 5 ZFA:0001610 visceral arch 7 ZFA ZFA:0001610 gill arch 5 ligament of knee joint FMA:44580 UBERON:0011088 knee joint ligament uberon FMA:44580 knee joint ligament skeleton of right pelvic girdle FMA:87593 UBERON:0011090 uberon skeleton of left pelvic girdle FMA:87594 UBERON:0011091 uberon right pelvic girdle region FMA:16582 UBERON:0011092 right pelvic girdle uberon FMA:16582 right pelvic girdle left pelvic girdle region FMA:16583 UBERON:0011093 left pelvic girdle uberon FMA:16583 left pelvic girdle vertebra cartilaginous condensation UBERON:0011094 uberon vertebra pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0011095 uberon lacrimal nerve FMA:52628 SCTID:280218007 The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. UBERON:0011096 uberon ncithesaurus FMA The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_nerve epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone FMA:86330 UBERON:0011104 fifth metacarpal bone epiphysis metacarpal 5 epiphysis uberon FMA:86330 fifth metacarpal bone epiphysis cruciate ligament of atlas EMAPA:19010 FMA:25018 SCTID:182362005 UBERON:0011106 a cruciate ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, along with additional fibers above and below. cruciate ligament of dens cruciform ligament of atlas cruciform ligament of dens ligamentum cruciforme atlantis triradiate ligament uberon Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens cruciform ligament of dens Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens ligamentum cruciforme atlantis FMA Wikipedia Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens cruciate ligament of dens EMAPA:19010 triradiate ligament FMA:25018 cruciform ligament of atlas Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens a cruciate ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, along with additional fibers above and below. synovial joint of pelvic girdle FMA:35173 UBERON:0011107 joint of pelvic girdle pelvic girdle joint uberon FMA:35173 pelvic girdle joint synovial joint of pectoral girdle AO notes: in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle FMA:35243 UBERON:0011108 pectoral girdle joint uberon FMA:35243 pectoral girdle joint humeroulnar joint FMA:38854 The humeroulnar joint, is part of the elbow-joint or the Olecron Joint, between the ulna and humerus bones is the simple hinge-joint, which allows for movements of flexion, extension and circumduction. The Humero-Ulnar Joint is the junction of trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus. Owing to the obliquity of the trochlea of the humerus, this movement does not take place in the antero-posterior plane of the body of the humerus. When the forearm is extended and supinated, the axis of the arm and forearm are not in the same line; the arm forms an obtuse angle with the forearm. During flexion, however, the forearm and the hand tend to approach the middle line of the body, and thus enable the hand to be easily carried to the face. The accurate adaptation of the trochlea of the humerus, with its prominences and depressions, to the semilunar notch of the ulna, prevents any lateral movement. Flexion is produced by the action of the Biceps brachii and Brachialis, assisted by the Brachioradialis, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Extension is produced by the Triceps brachii and AnconC&us, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, such as the Extensor digitorum communis. UBERON:0011110 articulatio humeroulnaris humero-ulnar joint uberon FMA FMA:38854 humero-ulnar joint The humeroulnar joint, is part of the elbow-joint or the Olecron Joint, between the ulna and humerus bones is the simple hinge-joint, which allows for movements of flexion, extension and circumduction. The Humero-Ulnar Joint is the junction of trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus. Owing to the obliquity of the trochlea of the humerus, this movement does not take place in the antero-posterior plane of the body of the humerus. When the forearm is extended and supinated, the axis of the arm and forearm are not in the same line; the arm forms an obtuse angle with the forearm. During flexion, however, the forearm and the hand tend to approach the middle line of the body, and thus enable the hand to be easily carried to the face. The accurate adaptation of the trochlea of the humerus, with its prominences and depressions, to the semilunar notch of the ulna, prevents any lateral movement. Flexion is produced by the action of the Biceps brachii and Brachialis, assisted by the Brachioradialis, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Extension is produced by the Triceps brachii and AnconC&us, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, such as the Extensor digitorum communis. Wikipedia:Humeroulnar_joint FMA:TA articulatio humeroulnaris humeroradial joint FMA:38855 The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is a hinge joint. The bony surfaces would of themselves constitute an enarthrosis and allow movement in all directions, were it not for the annular ligament, by which the head of the radius is bound to the radial notch of the ulna, and which prevents any separation of the two bones laterally. It is to the same ligament that the head of the radius owes its security from dislocation, which would otherwise tend to occur, from the shallowness of the cup-like surface on the head of the radius. In fact, but for this ligament, the tendon of the Biceps brachii would be liable to pull the head of the radius out of the joint. The head of the radius is not in complete contact with the capitulum of the humerus in all positions of the joint. The capitulum occupies only the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lower end of the humerus, so that in complete extension a part of the radial head can be plainly felt projecting at the back of the articulation. In full flexion the movement of the radial head is hampered by the compression of the surrounding soft parts, so that the freest rotatory movement of the radius on the humerus (pronation and supination) takes place in semiflexion, in which position the two articular surfaces are in most intimate contact. Flexion and extension of the elbow-joint are limited by the tension of the structures on the front and back of the joint; the limitation of flexion is also aided by the soft structures of the arm and forearm coming into contact. UBERON:0011111 articulatio humeroradialis uberon FMA The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is a hinge joint. The bony surfaces would of themselves constitute an enarthrosis and allow movement in all directions, were it not for the annular ligament, by which the head of the radius is bound to the radial notch of the ulna, and which prevents any separation of the two bones laterally. It is to the same ligament that the head of the radius owes its security from dislocation, which would otherwise tend to occur, from the shallowness of the cup-like surface on the head of the radius. In fact, but for this ligament, the tendon of the Biceps brachii would be liable to pull the head of the radius out of the joint. The head of the radius is not in complete contact with the capitulum of the humerus in all positions of the joint. The capitulum occupies only the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lower end of the humerus, so that in complete extension a part of the radial head can be plainly felt projecting at the back of the articulation. In full flexion the movement of the radial head is hampered by the compression of the surrounding soft parts, so that the freest rotatory movement of the radius on the humerus (pronation and supination) takes place in semiflexion, in which position the two articular surfaces are in most intimate contact. Flexion and extension of the elbow-joint are limited by the tension of the structures on the front and back of the joint; the limitation of flexion is also aided by the soft structures of the arm and forearm coming into contact. Wikipedia:Humeroradial_joint Wikipedia:Humeroradial_joint articulatio humeroradialis tibiofibular joint A joint that connects the tibia and the fibula. FMA:35181 SCTID:244554002 UBERON:0011112 uberon A joint that connects the tibia and the fibula. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Tibiofibular_joint FMA inferior tibiofibular joint FMA:10465 SCTID:182209000 The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. Below, to the extent of about 4 mm. these surfaces are smooth, and covered with cartilage, which is continuous with that of the ankle-joint. The ligaments are: Anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis Interosseous ligament UBERON:0011113 distal tibiofibular joint inferior tibiofibular articulation syndesmosis tibiofibularis tibiofibular syndesmosis uberon The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. Below, to the extent of about 4 mm. these surfaces are smooth, and covered with cartilage, which is continuous with that of the ankle-joint. The ligaments are: Anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis Interosseous ligament Wikipedia:Inferior_tibiofibular_articulation FMA:10465 distal tibiofibular joint FMA FMA:TA syndesmosis tibiofibularis Wikipedia:Inferior_tibiofibular_articulation inferior tibiofibular articulation FMA:10465 tibiofibular syndesmosis superior tibiofibular joint FMA:35184 SCTID:182208008 The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. The contiguous surfaces of the bones present flat, oval facets covered with cartilage and connected together by an articular capsule and by anterior and posterior ligaments. When the term "tibiofibular articulation" is used without a modifier, it refers to the superior, and not the inferior tibiofibular articulation. UBERON:0011117 proximal tibiofibular joint proximal tibiofibular joint superior tibiofibular articulation uberon FMA FMA:35184 proximal tibiofibular joint Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_articulation proximal tibiofibular joint The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. The contiguous surfaces of the bones present flat, oval facets covered with cartilage and connected together by an articular capsule and by anterior and posterior ligaments. When the term "tibiofibular articulation" is used without a modifier, it refers to the superior, and not the inferior tibiofibular articulation. Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_articulation Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_articulation superior tibiofibular articulation tarsometatarsal joint FMA:35216 SCTID:182222008 The tarsometatarsal articulations are arthrodial joints in the foot. It is also known as the "Lisfranc joint". It is named after 18th-19th century surgeon and gynecologist, Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin. UBERON:0011118 cuboideometatarsal lisfranc joint tarsometatarsal tarsometatarsal articulation uberon Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations tarsometatarsal articulation The tarsometatarsal articulations are arthrodial joints in the foot. It is also known as the "Lisfranc joint". It is named after 18th-19th century surgeon and gynecologist, Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin. Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations FMA Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations cuboideometatarsal Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations lisfranc joint Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations tarsometatarsal carpometacarpal joint FMA:35287 SCTID:361842002 The carpometacarpal joints (CMC) are five joints in the wrist that articulates the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the five metacarpal bones. The CMC of the thumb or the first CMC differs significantly from the other four CMCs and is therefore described separately. UBERON:0011119 carpometacarpal carpometacarpal articulation carpometacarpal joints ncithesaurus:Carpometacarpal_Joint uberon FMA Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint carpometacarpal joints Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint carpometacarpal articulation Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint carpometacarpal The carpometacarpal joints (CMC) are five joints in the wrist that articulates the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the five metacarpal bones. The CMC of the thumb or the first CMC differs significantly from the other four CMCs and is therefore described separately. Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint laryngeal joint FMA:55100 UBERON:0011120 joint of larynx laryngeal articulation uberon FMA:55100 joint of larynx FMA:55100 laryngeal articulation FMA cricothyroid joint FMA:55101 The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage. UBERON:0011121 crico-thyroid joint cricothyroid articulation ncithesaurus:Cricothyroid_Joint uberon The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage. Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_articulation Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_articulation crico-thyroid joint FMA:55101 cricothyroid articulation FMA cricoarytenoid joint FMA:55102 The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage. UBERON:0011122 crico-arytenoid joint crico-arytenoid joint cricoarytenoid articulation ncithesaurus:Cricoarytenoid_Joint uberon FMA FMA:55102 crico-arytenoid joint Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_articulation crico-arytenoid joint FMA:55102 cricoarytenoid articulation The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage. Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_articulation stifle joint SCTID:116010006 UBERON:0011123 a complex joint in the hind limbs of quadruped mammals such as the sheep, horse or dog. It is the equivalent joint to the human knee. It is often the largest synovial joint in the body. ncithesaurus:Stifle_Joint uberon Wikipedia:Stifle_joint a complex joint in the hind limbs of quadruped mammals such as the sheep, horse or dog. It is the equivalent joint to the human knee. It is often the largest synovial joint in the body. xiphisternal joint FMA:7503 SCTID:118923007 SCTID:118924001 The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal synchondrosis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum, where the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process. UBERON:0011124 synchondrosis xiphisternalis uberon xiphisternal junction xiphisternal synchdrondosis Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint xiphisternal junction Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint xiphisternal synchdrondosis The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal synchondrosis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum, where the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process. Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint FMA FMA:7503 synchondrosis xiphisternalis temporomandibular joint primordium EMAPA:18714 UBERON:0011130 temporo-mandibular joint primordium uberon EMAPA EMAPA:18714 temporo-mandibular joint primordium intermetacarpal joint 2 FMA:35288 Synovial joint between the bases of adjacent metacarpals. Examples: intermetacarpal joint of right second and third metacarpal bones, intermetacarpal joint of right fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. UBERON:0011131 intermetacarpal intermetacarpal articulation uberon Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations intermetacarpal FMA:35288 Synovial joint between the bases of adjacent metacarpals. Examples: intermetacarpal joint of right second and third metacarpal bones, intermetacarpal joint of right fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations intermetacarpal articulation two adjacent metacarpals intercarpal joint 2 FMA:35292 SCTID:182176003 The intercarpal articulations (articulations of the carpus) can be subdivided into three sets of articulations: Those of the proximal row of carpal bones, those of the distal row of carpal bones, and those of the two rows with each other. UBERON:0011132 carpal joint intercarpal intercarpal articulation midcarpal articulation ncithesaurus:Carpal_Joint uberon Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations intercarpal Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations intercarpal articulation FMA:35292 carpal joint FMA The intercarpal articulations (articulations of the carpus) can be subdivided into three sets of articulations: Those of the proximal row of carpal bones, those of the distal row of carpal bones, and those of the two rows with each other. Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations midcarpal articulation two adjacent carpals intermetatarsal joint 2 A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals FMA:35219 In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb[WP] SCTID:361868009 UBERON:0011133 uberon two adjacent metatarsals A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals Wikipedia:Intermetatarsal_articulations nonsynovial joint FMA:7491 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. UBERON:0011134 solid joint uberon FMA:7491 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. FMA FMA:7491 solid joint intervertebral cartilage 2 A cartilage element that lies between two successive vertebral centra. AAO:0000795 UBERON:0011135 uberon FMA MA between two centra A cartilage element that lies between two successive vertebral centra. ISBN10:0073040584 ligament of vertebral column FMA:31892 SCTID:244590009 UBERON:0011136 intervertebral ligament ligament that joins successive centra. Important in controlling the stiffness of the vertebral column when it flexes. uberon vertebral column ligament FMA:31892 vertebral column ligament ISBN10:0073040584 ligament that joins successive centra. Important in controlling the stiffness of the vertebral column when it flexes. axial skeletal system FMA:7483 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011137 uberon Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:cjm FMA post-cranial axial skeletal system Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011138 uberon FMA Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:cjm synovial limb joint Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. FMA:258776 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses. UBERON:0011139 synovial joint of free limb segment uberon FMA:258776 synovial joint of free limb segment Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. UBERON:cjm superficial part of masseter muscle FMA:49000 SCTID:142208007 UBERON:0011140 pars superficialis (musculus masseter) superficial layer of masseter superficial part of masseter uberon FMA:49000 superficial layer of masseter FMA:49000 superficial part of masseter FMA:49000 pars superficialis (musculus masseter) appendicular ossicle Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint. Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. UBERON:0011141 VSAO:0000131 XAO:0004194 ossicle of appendicular skeleton uberon Obol:automatic ossicle of appendicular skeleton Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. VSAO:0000131 axial ossicle Examples of axial ossicles include the ossified tendons adjacent to the neural spines of the vertebral column. Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton. UBERON:0011142 VSAO:0000133 ossicle of axial skeleton uberon Obol:automatic ossicle of axial skeleton Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton. VSAO:0000133 upper urinary tract FMA:45658 SCTID:181413006 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. UBERON:0011143 galen:UpperUrinaryTract uberon FMA:45658 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. FMA adductor muscle of hip . BTO:0000030 MA:0002267 SCTID:368101007 UBERON:0011144 adductor group (leg) muscle of adductor group uberon a small part of adductor magnus is innervated by the tibial nerve dbpedia MA:0002267 adductor group (leg) . Wikipedia:Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip adductor muscle A muscle capable of adduction. Adduction is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. It is opposed to abduction. FMA:74998 TAO:0002136 UBERON:0011145 ZFA:0005268 adductor uberon we place the TAO class here even though it is a cranial muscle; it is defined functionally A muscle capable of adduction. Adduction is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. It is opposed to abduction. Wikipedia:Adduction Wikipedia:Adductor_muscle silk gland Any of the glands in silk-spinning insects and spiders that secrete a protein liquid that hardens into silk on exposure to air. BTO:0001250 UBERON:0011146 uberon BTO Any of the glands in silk-spinning insects and spiders that secrete a protein liquid that hardens into silk on exposure to air. BTO:0001250 Verson's gland A gland found in the larvae of lepidoptera. Each gland is made of three cells: the secretory cell, the reservoir cell and the canal cell. UBERON:0011147 uberon submucosal gland BTO:0003751 Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. UBERON:0011148 uberon BTO:0003751 Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. Wikipedia:Submucosal_glands Marshall's gland A paired organ in the genito-urinary apparatus of Raja (and probably other skates and rays) whose cavity is fluid filled. BTO:0001661 UBERON:0011149 alkaline gland uberon A paired organ in the genito-urinary apparatus of Raja (and probably other skates and rays) whose cavity is fluid filled. http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/Complete%20Dictionary.htm BTO BTO:0001661 alkaline gland pharyngeal arch derived gill AAO:0010171 BTO:0000518 EFO:0000933 GAID:1218 MAT:0000134 MIAA:0000134 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9dZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000354 UBERON:0011150 VHOG:0001214 XAO:0000120 ZFA:0000354 branchia ncithesaurus:Gill uberon XAO BTO:0000518 branchia chin ventral margin Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the lower edge of the chin. UBERON:1000000 uberon Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the lower edge of the chin. UBERON:EJS collection of hairs on vertex A collection of hairs that grows on the vertex (top of head). UBERON:1000001 collection of hair on cranium cranial hair uberon A collection of hairs that grows on the vertex (top of head). UBERON:EJS cranial midline area The middle part of the head, located approximately equidistant from the left and the right sides of the head. UBERON:1000002 cranial midline uberon The middle part of the head, located approximately equidistant from the left and the right sides of the head. UBERON:EJS dewlap A longitudinal flap of skin that hangs beneath the lower jaw or neck. UBERON:1000003 uberon A longitudinal flap of skin that hangs beneath the lower jaw or neck. Wikipedia:Dewlap collection of hair on ear A collection of hairs that grows on the external ear. UBERON:1000004 external ear hair uberon A collection of hairs that grows on the external ear. UBERON:EJS external ear margin Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the edge of the external ear. UBERON:1000005 uberon Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the edge of the external ear. UBERON:EJS collection of hair on forehead A collection of hairs that grows on the forehead. UBERON:1000006 uberon A collection of hairs that grows on the forehead. UBERON:EJS forehead protuberance A bulge, knob, or swelling that protrudes from the forehead. UBERON:1000007 uberon A bulge, knob, or swelling that protrudes from the forehead. UBERON:EJS left part of face Subdivision of the head consisting of the left half of the face, vertically divided. UBERON:1000008 uberon Subdivision of the head consisting of the left half of the face, vertically divided. UBERON:EJS midline crest A ridge or peak located along the middle part of the head, located approximately equidistant from the left and the right sides of the head. UBERON:1000009 uberon A ridge or peak located along the middle part of the head, located approximately equidistant from the left and the right sides of the head. UBERON:EJS mole A benign tumor on the skin, usually with darker pigment. TAO:0005043 UBERON:1000010 ZFA:0005043 melanocytic nevus naevus nevus uberon A benign tumor on the skin, usually with darker pigment. Wikipedia:Melanocytic_nevus ZFA ZFA:0005043 nevus ZFA:0005043 naevus labial commissure Anatomical structure consisting of either corner of the mouth. UBERON:1000011 commissura labiorum oris corner of mouth uberon Wikipedia:Labial_commissure_of_mouth commissura labiorum oris Anatomical structure consisting of either corner of the mouth. Wikipedia:Labial_commissure_of_mouth nose anterior margin Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the front edge of the external nose. UBERON:1000012 uberon Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the front edge of the external nose. UBERON:EJS nose vertex The extreme point of curvature of the external nose. UBERON:1000013 uberon The extreme point of curvature of the external nose. UBERON:EJS right part of face Subdivision of the head consisting of the right half of the face, vertically divided. UBERON:1000014 uberon Subdivision of the head consisting of the right half of the face, vertically divided. UBERON:EJS skin of snout A zone of skin that is part of the snout. UBERON:1000015 uberon A zone of skin that is part of the snout. UBERON:EJS tip of snout Subdivision of the head consisting of the pointed or rounded end or extremity of the snout. UBERON:1000016 uberon Subdivision of the head consisting of the pointed or rounded end or extremity of the snout. UBERON:EJS tip of external ear Subdivision of the head consisting of the pointed or rounded end or extremity of the external ear. UBERON:1000017 uberon Subdivision of the head consisting of the pointed or rounded end or extremity of the external ear. UBERON:EJS cluster of hairs A small collection or tuft of hairs. UBERON:1000018 tuft of hair uberon A small collection or tuft of hairs. UBERON:EJS top of head FMA:46484 The top of the head. UBERON:1000019 note in the FMA, vertex is a point and not a subdivision uberon The top of the head. UBERON:EJS collection of hair on snout 2012-02-05T05:21:29Z A collection of hairs that grows on the snout. UBERON:1000020 eriks uberon A collection of hairs that grows on the snout. UBERON:EJS skin of face 2012-02-05T05:23:01Z A zone of skin that is part of the face. UBERON:1000021 eriks facial skin ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Face uberon A zone of skin that is part of the face. UBERON:EJS Zymbal's gland A modified sebaceous glands that are located at the base of the external ear and secrete into the auditory canal MA:0002900 SCTID:105587007 Structure notes: Zymbal’s glands are located beneath squamous epithelium at the anterior and posterior aspect of the ear canal, and as a single external gland that is located anterior and ventral to the base of the external ear canal. The bilateral Zymbal’s glands are adjacent to the auditory canal and are made up of several lobules of modified sebaceous glands - http://ratguide.com/health/neoplasia/zymbals_gland_tumor.php. Editor notes: modified sebacious gland or subtype? UBERON:1000022 Zymbal gland gland of Zymbal ncithesaurus:Zymbal_Gland uberon MA A modified sebaceous glands that are located at the base of the external ear and secrete into the auditory canal http://ctrgenpath.net/static/atlas/mousehistology/Windows/senses/zymbalgland.html MA:0002900 Zymbal gland spleen pulp FMA:15845 MA:0002487 SCTID:13515001 UBERON:1000023 malpighian corpuscles ncithesaurus:Splenic_Pulp pulp of spleen splenic pulp uberon MA FMA FMA:15845 malpighian corpuscles parenchyma of spleen FMA:16029 UBERON:1000024 splenic parenchyma uberon FMA:16029 splenic parenchyma ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Urodele PMID:16313389 pouches 3 and 4 in human shoge-lite shoge-lite dbpedia-modified shoge-lite shoge-lite Anurans ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 FMA Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum dbpedia Anuran ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Elasmobranchii ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 definitional ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Turtles Elasmobranchii ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 shoge-lite PMID:16417468 FMA FMA PMID:16417468 FMA Anurans ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 XAO ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Lizard shoge-lite shoge-lite shoge-lite EHDAA2-modified FMA FMA ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Urodele NBK53175 teleost FMA shoge-lite Gallus gallus PMID:17051547 EHDAA2 ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Mammals FMA FMA FMA Aves ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 FMA UBERONREF:0000002 primitive shoge-lite FMA FMA PMID:16313389 pouches 3 and 4 in chick shoge-lite Aves ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 FMA shoge-lite FMA ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Snakes shoge-lite ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Urodele ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Mammals ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Mammals FMA Elasmobranchii ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum dbpedia Elasmobranchii ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 shoge-lite shoge-lite shoge-lite FMA Aves ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 PMID:16313389 FMA shoge-lite ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Urodele MP ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Urodele shoge-lite ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Turtles shoge-lite FMA shoge-lite FMA FMA shoge-lite ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Mammals FMA shoge-lite shoge-lite ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Lizard FMA Aves ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 shoge-lite ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1 Snakes FMA FMA shoge-lite shoge-lite